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TEMPORALNY WYMIAR OSOBOWOŚCI. PANORAMA STANOWISK

«TEMPORAL DIMENSION OF PERSONALITY. THE REVIEW OF DIFFERENT

APPROACHES»

by Ludmiła Zając­Lamparska Source: Contributions to Humanities (New ISSN 2084­3364) (Studia Humanistyczne AGH ­ ISSN 2084­3364), issue: 12/2 / 2013, pages: 79­93, on www.ceeol.com.

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http://dx.doi.org/10.7494/human.2013.12.2.79

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PANORAMA STANOWISK

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1LHFRSRGREQLHGRHJ]\VWHQFMDOLVWyZRSLVXMąZ\PLDUWHPSRUDOQ\RVRERZRĞFLRUJDQL-F\ĞFL FKRü GRVWU]HĪHQLH WHJR SRGRELHĔVWZD XWUXGQLD VSHF\¿ND VWRVRZDQHM Z SV\FKRORJLL HJ]\VWHQFMDOQHM WHUPLQRORJLL (OHPHQWDPL ZVSyOQ\PL REX W\FK XMĊü Vą XZ]JOĊGQLDQLH ZV]\VWNLFKZ\PLDUyZF]DVXMDNRLVWRWQ\FKGODIXQNFMRQRZDQLDRVRERZRĞFLRUD]NRQFHQWUDFMD QDWHUDĨQLHMV]RĞFLSU]\MHGQRF]HVQ\PZVND]DQLXQDÄREHFQRĞü´ZQLHMSU]HV]áRĞFLLSU]\-V]áRĞFL-HGHQ]RUJDQLF\VWyZ$QJ\DORNUHĞODRVRERZRĞüMDNRÄUR]OHJáąSRVWDüF]DVRZą´ (WHPSRUDO*HVWDOW, za: Lindzey i Hall 1998: 250). Oznacza to jej silne osadzenie w czasie – we ZV]\VWNLFKZ\PLDUDFKWHPSRUDOQ\FK]DUyZQRZSU]HV]áRĞFLWHUDĨQLHMV]RĞFLMDNLSU]\V]áR-ĞFL3U]HV]áRĞüLSU]\V]áRĞü$QJ\DORSLVXMHMDNRQLHXVWDQQLHRGG]LDáXMąFHQDWHUDĨQLHMV]RĞü DMHGQRF]HĞQLHZFLąĪ]PLHQLDMąFHVZyMZSá\Z3U]HV]áRĞüVDPDZVRELH]GDQLHPDXWRUDQLH MHVWVWDáDLQLH]PLHQQDSRQLHZDĪGDZQH]GDU]HQLD]F]DVHP]\VNXMąQRZąÄZDUWRĞüSR]\F\MQą w biosferze”3 WDPĪH =NROHLSU]\V]áRĞüZSá\ZDQDWHUDĨQLHMV]RĞüMDNRPRĪOLZRĞüOXE VNáRQQRĞüUyZQLHĪ]PLHQLDMąFVLĊZUD]]UHRUJDQL]DFMąELRVIHU\ =PLHQQRĞüSU]HV]áRĞFLSRGNUHĞODUyZQLHĪ5RJHUV-HJR]GDQLHPRVRERZRĞüF]áRZLHND VNáDGDVLĊ]GZyFKSRZLą]DQ\FK]HVREąVWUXNWXU2UJDQL]PXRUD]-D2VRERZRĞüNXPXOXMH GRĞZLDGF]HQLDNWyUHWZRU]ąW]ZSROHIHQRPHQRORJLF]QH /LQG]H\L+DOO =DFKRZD-QLHMHGQRVWNLVWDQRZLIXQNFMĊ]DZDUWRĞFLMHMSRODIHQRPHQRORJLF]QHJR-HGQRF]HĞQLHNDĪGH QRZHGRĞZLDGF]HQLHX]XSHáQLDMąF]DZDUWRĞüSRODPRG\¿NXMHMHMDNRFDáRĞü2]QDF]DWR PRG\¿NRZDOQRĞü SU]HV]áRĞFL SRG ZSá\ZHP WHUDĨQLHMV]RĞFL D GRNáDGQLHM QLH MHM VDPHM OHF]SU]HV]á\FKGRĞZLDGF]HĔ]JURPDG]RQ\FKZRVRERZRĞFLNWyUH]\VNXMąQRZH]QDF]HQLH G]LĊNLGRĞZLDGF]HQLRPNROHMQ\P0RĪQDWRLQWHUSUHWRZDüMDNRZVND]DQLHQDUROĊ]DUyZQR F]DVXSU]HV]áHJRMDNLWHUDĨQLHMV]HJR7\PEDUG]LHMĪHNRQFHQWUDFMĊQDWHUDĨQLHMV]RĞFLDXWRU Z\PLHQLDZĞUyGFHFKW]ZZSHáQLIXQNFMRQXMąFHMRVRE\ /LQG]H\L+DOO2EXFKRZVNL =DMąF 

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5

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àXNDV]HZVNL QD]\ZD RSLV\ VWDQyZ SU]HV]á\FK L DNWXDOQ\FK HOHPHQWDPL SR]QDZF]\PL RVRERZRĞFLDUJXPHQWXMąFLĪVąRQH]QDQHMHGQRVWFH]GRĞZLDGF]HQLDLQG\ZLGXDOQHJROXE SU]HND]XVSRáHF]QHJRFRR]QDF]DĪHE\á\SU]HGPLRWHPSR]QDQLDF]\XF]HQLDVLĊ=NROHL UHSUH]HQWDFMHVWDQyZSU]\V]á\FKRNUHĞODRQMDNRSURMHNF\MQHHOHPHQW\RVRERZRĞFL1DOHĪą GR QLFK RSLV\ GZRMDNLHJR URG]DMX SURJQR]\ RUD] Z\REUDĪHQLD VWDQyZ PRĪOLZ\FK 3UR-JQR]RP]D]Z\F]DMSU]\SLVDQHMHVWZ\ĪV]HSUDZGRSRGRELHĔVWZRQLĪZ\REUDĪHQLRPVWDQyZ PRĪOLZ\FK6ZHJRURG]DMXX]XSHáQLHQLHGHVNU\SW\ZQ\FKDVSHNWyZRVRERZRĞFLVWDQRZLąMHM DVSHNW\HZDOXDW\ZQH WDPĪH :LFKUDPDFKIRUPXáRZDQHVąGZDW\S\RFHQSRSLHUZV]H GRW\F]ąFH ZDUWRĞFLRZRĞFL F]\OL ÄGREURFL´ HPRFMRQDOQLH SR]\W\ZQHJR YV negatywnego FKDUDNWHUX VWDQyZ RELHNWyZ LWG RUD] SR GUXJLH GRW\F]ąFH LFK GRQLRVáRĞFL =QDF]ąF\P HOHPHQWHPNRQFHSFMLàXNDV]HZVNLHJRMHVWSU]\MĊFLH]DáRĪHQLDRQLHVDPRG]LHOQ\PVWDWXVLH RFHQZDUWRĞFLXMąF\FK=GDQLHPDXWRUDIXQNFMRQXMąRQHERZLHPMDNRWRZDU]\V]ąFHHOHPHQWRP GHVNU\SW\ZQ\P:WHQVSRVyENDĪG\RELHNWF]\VWDQU]HF]\RSLVDQ\ZZ\PLDU]HWHPSRUDO-Q\PPDMHGQRF]HĞQLHVZąORNDOL]DFMĊQDVNDOLZDJLZDUWRĞFLRZDĔ2FHQ\ZDUWRĞFLXMąFH GRW\F]ąFNRQNUHWQ\FKRELHNWyZLVWDQyZPRJąDGG\W\ZQLHGHF\GRZDüRHZDOXDFMLFDá\FK REV]DUyZF]DVRZ\FK SU]HV]áRĞFLWHUDĨQLHMV]RĞFLLSU]\V]áRĞFL ZNWyU\FKVLĊPLHV]F]ą,FK ZDJLLZDUWRĞFLRZRĞFLZVSyOQLHNV]WDáWXMąRULHQWDFMĊWHPSRUDOQąMHGQRVWNL:DJDZ\]QDF]D GRQLRVáRĞüSRV]F]HJyOQ\FKZ\PLDUyZF]DVXRULHQWXMąFMHGQRVWNĊQDMHGHQ OXENLOND ]QLFK =NROHLZDUWRĞFLRZRĞüGHF\GXMHRSR]\W\ZQ\POXEQHJDW\ZQ\PHPRFMRQDOQLH]QDNXWDNLHM RULHQWDFML2EDF]\QQLNLPDMąPRĪOLZRĞüXNLHUXQNRZ\ZDQLDOXG]NLHMDNW\ZQRĞFL3RGVWDZĊ WHJRVWDQRZLKLHUDUFKLDZDUWRĞFLRZDĔLZDJ3R]\FMD]DMPRZDQDZQLHMSU]H]SRV]F]HJyOQH RELHNW\GHF\GXMHRXSRU]ąGNRZDQLXLFKZSá\ZXQD]DFKRZDQLHMHGQRVWNLF]\OLRLFKW]Z PRF\UHJXODF\MQHM3RMĊFLHWRPRĪQDVWRVRZDü]DUyZQRGRSURVW\FKHOHPHQWyZMDNLFDá\FK LFK]ELRUyZF]\SRGV\VWHPyZRVRERZRĞFLMDNQSNRQWLQXXPWHPSRUDOQHLMHJRREV]DU\ SU]HV]áRĞüWHUDĨQLHMV]RĞüLSU]\V]áRĞü2GSRVLDGDQHMSU]H]QLHPRF\UHJXODF\MQHMEĊG]LH ]DOHĪDáLFKXG]LDáZUHJXODFML]DFKRZDQLDF]áRZLHND$XWRURSLVXMHVSHF\¿NĊWHMUHJXODFML Z]DOHĪQRĞFLRGRULHQWDFMLQDSU]HV]áRĞüWHUDĨQLHMV]RĞüOXESU]\V]áRĞüRUD]RGÄ]QDNX´WHM RULHQWDFMLEXGXMąFW\SRORJLĊRSDUWąQDNU\WHULXPRULHQWDFMLWHPSRUDOQHM:\UyĪQLDRQWU]\ „czyste” typy orientacji temporalnej: retrospektywny, prezentystyczny i futurystyczny oraz W\S\PLHV]DQHQSUHWURVSHNW\ZQRSUH]HQW\VW\F]Q\SUH]HQW\VW\F]QRIXWXU\VW\F]Q\ WDPĪH  3HUVSHNW\ZĊWHPSRUDOQąZáąF]DZVWUXNWXUĊRVRERZRĞFLWDNĪH5H\NRZVNL 5H\NRZVNL L.RFKDĔVND :XMĊFLXWHJRDXWRUDRVRERZRĞü]\VNXMHZ\PLDUF]DVRZ\ZZ\QLNX XPLHV]F]HQLD 6WUXNWXU\ -D Z 6LHFL 2SHUDF\MQHM D GRNáDGQLHM Z WHPSRUDOQ\P SRU]ąGNX GHVNU\SW\ZQ\P WDPĪH 

=NROHLGRSROVNLFKDXWRUyZNWyU]\áąF]ąWHPSRUDOQRĞü]G\QDPLNą]DFKRZDQLDLRVRER-ZRĞFLRZ\PLGHWHUPLQDQWDPLWHMG\QDPLNLQDOHĪąPLQ1RVDO 1RVDOL%DMFDU  0ąGU]\FNL  2EXFKRZVNL  6WU]DáHFNL  L=DOHVNL (1988, 1994).

Nosal w swych badaniach prowadzonych wspólnie z Bajcar (Nosal i Bajcar 2004) XZ]JOĊGQLD ZLHOH DVSHNWyZ WHPSRUDOQRĞFL RULHQWDFMH WHPSRUDOQH SRVWDZ\ WHPSRUDOQH RVRELVWHNRQFHSFMHF]DVX LZLąĪHMH]FHFKDPLRVRERZRĞFLRUD]VIHUąPRW\ZDFMLLSRWU]HE 5H]XOWDWW\FKV]HURNR]DNURMRQ\FKEDGDĔVWDQRZLLGHQW\¿NDFMDGZyFK]DVDGQLF]\FKSUR¿OL

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WHPSRUDOQRĞFLNWyUH ]RVWDá\RNUHĞORQH MDNR SURDNW\ZQ\ LUHDNW\ZQ\ %DMFDU 1RVDO i Bajcar 2004).

3UR¿O SURDNW\ZQ\ FKDUDNWHU\]XMH Z\UDĨQD NRQFHQWUDFMD QD SU]HV]áRĞFL L SU]\V]áRĞFL SU]\MHGQRF]HVQ\PPDá\PXNLHUXQNRZDQLXQDF]DVWHUDĨQLHMV]\=GDQLHPDXWRUyZWZRU]\WR V]HURNąSHUVSHNW\ZĊWHPSRUDOQąNWyUDVWDQRZLRG]ZLHUFLHGOHQLHGXĪHJRVWRSQLDXP\VáRZHM LQWHJUDFML SU]HV]á\FK WHUDĨQLHMV]\FK L SU]\V]á\FK GRĞZLDGF]HĔ %DMFDU   .ROHMQ\PL FHFKDPLRSLV\ZDQHJRSUR¿OXVąZ\VRNLSR]LRPWHOLF]QRĞFL WMXNLHUXQNRZDQLD]DFKRZDQLD QDFHOH WHQGHQFMLGRSODQRZDQLDLV]F]HJyáRZRĞFLRUD]SRF]XFLHZ\NRU]\VWDQLDF]DVXLGXĪD RGSRUQRĞüQDSUHVMĊF]DVX&HFK\WHZDUXQNXMąVSUDZQąWHPSRUDOQąRUJDQL]DFMĊG]LDáDQLD 3RVWDZ\ ZREHF F]DVX RVyE SU]HMDZLDMąF\FK SUR¿O SURDNW\ZQ\ Vą SR]\W\ZQH 2VRE\ WH SRVWU]HJDMąF]DVMDNRNRQVWUXNW\ZQ\LVSU]\MDMąF\F]áRZLHNRZLDMHGQRF]HĞQLHXSRU]ąGNRZDQ\ LSRGGDMąF\VLĊNRQWUROL:RFHQLHEDGDF]\SUR¿OSURDNW\ZQ\Z\UDĪDÄNRQVWUXNW\ZQ\Z]RU]HF WHPSRUDOQRĞFL´ 1RVDOL%DMFDU ZUDPDFKNWyUHJRDNW\ZQRĞüMHVWXNLHUXQNRZDQD QDF]DVSU]\V]á\LZ\NUDF]DSR]DZ\PRJLDNWXDOQHMV\WXDFML7RZDU]\V]\WHPXWHQGHQFMDGR SRV]HU]DQLDNRQWUROLQDGF]DVHP WDPĪH  3UR¿OUHDNW\ZQ\VWDQRZLSU]HFLZLHĔVWZRSURDNW\ZQHJR %DMFDU1RVDOL%DMFDU  -HJRVSHF\¿NDREHMPXMHVLOQąNRQFHQWUDFMĊQDWHUDĨQLHMV]RĞFLNRV]WHPF]DVXSU]H-V]áHJRLSU]\V]áHJRFR]DZĊĪDSHUVSHNW\ZĊWHPSRUDOQąMHGQRVWNLQLVNLSR]LRPWHOLF]QRĞFL EUDN VNáRQQRĞFL GR SODQRZDQLD L V]F]HJyáRZRĞFL7RZDU]\V]\ WHPX SRF]XFLH VLOQHM SUHVML F]DVXLQLHGRVWDWHF]QHJRMHJRZ\NRU]\VW\ZDQLD3RVWDZ\ZREHFF]DVXPDMąZW\PSU]\-SDGNXFKDUDNWHUQHJDW\ZQ\±F]DVMHVWRGELHUDQ\MDNRGHVWUXNW\ZQ\LZURJLDMHGQRF]HĞQLH Z\P\NDMąF\VLĊVSRGNRQWUROL=GDQLHPEDGDF]\RVRE\RWHPSRUDOQ\PSUR¿OXUHDNW\ZQ\P FHFKXMHGRUDĨQ\EH]SRĞUHGQLVSRVyEUHDJRZDQLDLEUDNG\VWDQVXZREHFV\WXDFML:SRáąF]HQLX ]EUDNLHP]GROQRĞFLGRSR]QDZF]HJRNRQWURORZDQLDF]DVXSU]\F]\QLDVLĊWRGRSU]\MPRZDQLD VWUDWHJLLG]LDáDQLD]DZĊĪRQHMGRELHĪąFHMDNW\ZQRĞFLLQDGDMHNRQFHQWUDFMLQDWHUDĨQLHMV]RĞFL charakter obronny (Nosal i Bajcar 2004).

-HĞOL FKRG]L R ]ZLą]HN SUR¿OL WHPSRUDOQ\FK ] FHFKDPL RVRERZRĞFL Z\PLHQLDQ\PL ZSLĊFLRF]\QQLNRZ\PPRGHOXRVRERZRĞFL&RVW\L0F&UDH¶DRVRE\RSUR¿ODFKSURDNW\Z-Q\PLUHDNW\ZQ\PUyĪQLąVLĊSRGZ]JOĊGHPQDVLOHQLDZV]\VWNLFKFHFKSR]DXJRGRZRĞFLą 3UR¿ORZLSURDNW\ZQHPXWRZDU]\V]\Z\ĪV]\SR]LRPHNVWUDZHUVMLRWZDUWRĞFLLVXPLHQQRĞFL RUD]QLĪV]\SR]LRPLQWURZHUVMLQLĪPDWRPLHMVFHZSU]\SDGNXSUR¿OXUHDNW\ZQHJR WDPĪH 

:REV]DU]HSRWU]HELPRW\ZDFMLSRVLDGDQLHSURDNW\ZQHJRSUR¿OXWHPSRUDOQHJRZLąĪH VLĊ ] GXĪ\P QDVLOHQLHP SRWU]HE GRW\F]ąF\FK UHDOL]DFML FHOyZ Ī\FLRZ\FK Z\WUZDáRĞFLą ZG]LDáDQLXU]HWHOQRĞFLąLRGSRZLHG]LDOQRĞFLąWZyUF]RĞFLąL]GROQRĞFLDPLSU]\ZyGF]\PL &KDUDNWHU\VW\NĊWĊX]XSHáQLDMąFHFK\ZVND]XMąFHQDGRMU]DáRĞüRVRERZRĞFL Z\VRNLSR]LRP SU]\VWRVRZDQLD]JRGQRĞüRVRERZRĞFL]LGHDáHPNRQWURODHPRFMRQDOQDL]DXIDQLHGRVLHELH  RUD]QDSRVLDGDQLHNRPSHWHQFMLLQWHUSHUVRQDOQ\FK áDWZRĞüQDZLą]\ZDQLDSR]\W\ZQ\FKUH-ODFMLHPRFMRQDOQ\FKJRWRZRĞüGRZVSyáG]LDáDQLDLGRSRPRF\LQQ\P  WDPĪH =NROHLGOD RVyERWHPSRUDOQ\PSUR¿OXUHDNW\ZQ\PFKDUDNWHU\VW\F]QDMHVWLPSXOV\ZQRĞüL]PLHQQRĞü WUXGQRĞFLZPRELOL]RZDQLXVLĊGRZ\VLáNXEUDNZ\WUZDáRĞFLZRVLąJDQLXFHOyZĪ\FLRZ\FK GXĪDRVWURĪQRĞüLEUDN]GHF\GRZDQLDZSRGHMPRZDQLX]DGDĔRUD]áDWZRĞüUH]\JQDFML]]D-GDĔMXĪSRGMĊW\FK:REV]DU]HUHODFMLLQWHUSHUVRQDOQ\FKW\FKRVyEZ\VWĊSXMHOĊNLSRF]XFLH

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QLHSU]\VWRVRZDQLDRUD]WHQGHQFMDGRXWU]\P\ZDQLDG\VWDQVXZREHFOXG]L'RPLQXMąXQLFK SRWU]HE\QLH]DOHĪQRĞFLLLQG\ZLGXDOL]PX'RMU]DáRĞüRVRERZRĞFLNRQWURODHPRFMRQDOQDRUD] DNFHSWDFMDVLHELHL]GROQRĞüGRUDG]HQLDVRELHZV\WXDFMDFKWUXGQ\FKVąWXQLĪV]HQLĪPDWR PLHMVFHZSU]\SDGNXSUR¿OXSURDNW\ZQHJR WDPĪH 

%DGDQLD 1RVDOD L %DMFDU GRZRG]ą ĪH F]DV MHVW QLH W\ONR ZDĪQą NDWHJRULą OXG]NLHJR XP\VáXOHF]UyZQLHĪZDĪQ\PDVSHNWHPFKDUDNWHU\VW\NLRVRERZRĞFLRZHMMHGQRVWNL =NROHL2EXFKRZVNL0ąGU]\FNL6WU]DáHFNLL=DOHVNL]DMPXMąVLĊ]DJDGQLHQLHPFHOyZ L]DGDĔRUD]SODQyZĪ\FLRZ\FK6F]áRZLHNDSU]\F]\PGRNDWHJRULLWHPSRUDOQRĞFLVHQVXVWULFWR QDMZ\UDĨQLHMRGZRáXMHVLĊ6WU]DáHFNL  =DOHVNL  NRQFHQWUXMHVLĊQD RULHQWDFMLIXWXU\VW\F]QHMLMHM]QDF]HQLXQDWRPLDVW2EXFKRZVNL  L0ąGU]\FNL  UyZQLHĪSRGNUHĞODMąUROĊF]DVXSU]\V]áHJRZIXQNFMRQRZDQLXF]áRZLHNDQLHNRQLHF]-QLHSRVáXJXMąFVLĊSU]\W\PWHUPLQRORJLą]]DNUHVXSV\FKRORJLLWHPSRUDOQRĞFLNie sposób ]DZU]Hü Z DUW\NXOH FDáRĞFL UR]ZDĪDĔ WHRUHW\F]Q\FK RUD] UH]XOWDWyZ EDGDĔ HPSLU\F]Q\FK ZVND]DQ\FKDXWRUyZVWąGRPyZLĊGZDNRUHVSRQGXMąFH]HVREąXMĊFLDNRQFHSFMĊWHRUHW\F]Qą 2EXFKRZVNLHJRRUD]HPSLU\F]QHXVWDOHQLD6WU]DáHFNLHJR 2EXFKRZVNL  QLHXPLHV]F]DZVWUXNWXU]HRVRERZRĞFLSHUVSHNW\Z\WHPSRUDOQHM VHQVXVWULFWRF]\QLWRMHGQDNSRĞUHGQLRORNXMąFZQLHM]DGDQLD:NRQFHSFMLWHJRDXWRUD V\VWHPRVRERZRĞFLRZ\]áRĪRQ\MHVW]GZyFK]DVDGQLF]\FKSRGV\VWHPyZXNáDGXED]DOQH-go LXNáDGXSURJUDPXMąFHJR8NáDG ED]DOQ\REHMPXMHWHZáDĞFLZRĞFLSV\FKLF]QHMHGQRVWNL X SRGVWDZ NWyU\FK OHĪ\ RNUHĞORQD VSHF\¿ND &81 QDWRPLDVW Z XNáDG]LH SURJUDPXMąF\P PLHV]F]ąVLĊZáDĞFLZRĞFLRVRERZRĞFLZ\QLNDMąFH]ZáDĞFLZHMMHGQRVWFHRUJDQL]DFMLLQIRU-PDFML-HGQą]IRUPRUJDQL]DFMLZLHG]\MHGQRVWNLVWDQRZLąZáDĞQLH]DGDQLDRVRELVWH WDPĪH  2SLVXMąF ]DGDQLD 2EXFKRZVNL SU]HSURZDG]D LFK WDNVRQRPLĊ D QDVWĊSQLH XZ]JOĊGQLDMąF Z\UyĪQLRQHSU]H]VLHELHW\S\]DGDĔZ\V]F]HJyOQLDPRĪOLZHIRUP\LFKRUJDQL]DFML   2UJDQL]DFMĊWĊNV]WDáWXMąUyĪQHNRQ¿JXUDFMHWU]HFKURG]DMyZ]DGDĔUyĪQLąF\FKVLĊ SR]LRPHP RJyOQRĞFL 6ą WR   ]DGDQLD QDGU]ĊGQH ± R QDMZ\ĪV]\P SR]LRPLH RJyOQRĞFL SHáQLąFHIXQNFMĊZDUWRĞFLX]DVDGQLDMąF\FKSR]RVWDáH  ]DGDQLDRSHUDF\MQH±MXĪRSHUDFMR- QDOL]XMąFH]DGDQLDQDGU]ĊGQHDOHMHV]F]HGRĞüRJyOQHSU]\ELHUDMąFHF]ĊVWRSRVWDüZDUXQ-NRZą  ]DGDQLDNRQNUHWQH±XNRQNUHWQLDMąFH]DáRĪHQLD]DGDĔRSHUDF\MQ\FK]DNáDGDMąFH W\ONRMHGHQSODQRZDQ\VWDQU]HF]\$XWRUZ\UyĪQLDSLĊüPRĪOLZ\FKVSRVREyZRUJDQL]DFML ]DGDĔOXĨQ\OLQLRZ\QLHSHáQ\SVHXGRKLHUDUFKLF]Q\LKLHUDUFKLF]Q\2SW\PDOQ\]HZ]JOĊGX QDIXQNFMRQRZDQLHRVRERZRĞFLMHVWW\SKLHUDUFKLF]Q\2EHMPXMHRQZV]\VWNLHURG]DMH]DGDĔ ZVSHF\¿F]Q\PLFKSRZLą]DQLXRFKDUDNWHU]HUHODFMLQDGU]ĊGQRĞFL±SRGU]ĊGQRĞFL5HODFMD WDQLHW\ONRRNUHĞODUDQJĊSRV]F]HJyOQ\FK]DGDĔOHF]R]QDF]DUyZQLHĪLĪ]DGDQLDQLĪV]H ZKLHUDUFKLLVáXĪąUHDOL]DFML]DGDĔZ\ĪV]\FK1DV]F]\FLHKLHUDUFKLL]QDMGXMąVLĊ]DGDQLDQDM-EDUG]LHMRJyOQH1DMF]ĊĞFLHMSU]\MPXMąRQHSRVWDüDEVWUDNF\MQHMZDUWRĞFL-HGQRF]HĞQLHDE\ ZDUWRĞüPRJáDZ\]QDF]DüUHDOQHSRVWĊSRZDQLHMHGQRVWNLPXVL]RVWDüXNRQNUHWQLRQD7HPX VáXĪąSRZLą]DQH]]DGDQLHPRJyOQ\P]DGDQLDRSHUDF\MQHLNRQNUHWQH7HSLHUZV]HW\ONR 6 :SLVXMHVLĊWRZQXUWWDNLFKNRQFHSFMLMDNNRQFHSFMD]DGDĔĪ\FLRZ\FK&DQWRUNRQFHSFMDGąĪHĔRVRELVW\FK (PPRQVDNRQFHSFMDSURMHNWyZRVRELVW\FK5/LWWOH¶DNRQFHSFMDPRĪOLZ\FK-D0DUNXVDNRQFHSFMHFHOyZ )RUGD3HUYLQDLLQ 0ąGU]\FNL3HUYLQ 

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XNLHUXQNRZXMąDNW\ZQRĞüF]áRZLHNDGUXJLHQDWRPLDVWZ\UDĪDMąMHMNRQNUHWQHLIDNW\F]QLH obserwowane formy (Obuchowski 1985, 2000).

=FKDUDNWHU\VW\NąKLHUDUFKLF]QHJRW\SXRUJDQL]DFML]DGDĔNRUHVSRQGXMHZVND]\ZDQDSU]H] 2EXFKRZVNLHJRIXQNFMDRVRERZRĞFLNWyUąVWDQRZLDGDSWDFMDWZyUF]D   3RGW\PSRMĊFLHPDXWRUUR]XPLHDGDSWRZDQLHVLĊRVRERZRĞFLQLHGRVWDQyZDNWXDOQ\FKOHF] SU]\V]á\FKZW\PUyZQLHĪGRVWDQyZVDPRG]LHOQLH]DSURMHNWRZDQ\FK$GDSWDFMDWZyUF]D VWDQRZL MHGQRF]HĞQLH PHFKDQL]P UR]ZRMX RVRERZRĞFL 3R]D QLą DXWRU Z\PLHQLD MHV]F]H WU]\LQQHURG]DMHDGDSWDFMLPHFKDQLF]QąQHXURW\F]QąLELHUQąNWyUHQLHPDMąFKDUDNWHUX rozwojowego (Obuchowski 1985, 1997). 6WU]DáHFNLXPLHV]F]DVZHEDGDQLDZNRQWHNĞFLHWHRUHW\F]Q\PPRGHOXWHOHRORJLF]QHJR F]áRZLHNDFKDUDNWHU\VW\F]QHJRUyZQLHĪGODNRQFHSFML2EXFKRZVNLHJRL]DNáDGDMąFHJRĪH LVWRWĊSURFHVXVDPRUHDOL]DFMLVWDQRZLRVLąJDQLHVWDZLDQ\FKVRELHFHOyZ 6WU]DáHFNL  &HOHWHORNRZDQHVąZZ\PLDU]HSU]\V]á\PSU]HVWU]HQLF]DVRZHMGODWHJR2EXFKRZVNLIXQNFMą RVRERZRĞFLF]\QLÄRSDQRZ\ZDQLHSU]\V]áRĞFL]DSRPRFąF]\QQRĞFLWZyUF]\FK´ 2EXFKRZVNL  6WąGWHĪZ\ZRG]LVLĊWH]DVWDZLDQDSU]H]6WU]DáHFNLHJR  ĪHWHPSRUDOQD FKDUDNWHU\VW\NDFHOyZEĊG]LHSR]RVWDZDüZ]ZLą]NX]ZáDĞFLZRĞFLDPLRVRERZRĞFL6WU]DáHFNL  ZVZ\FKEDGDQLDFKSRVWDZLáVRELH]D]DGDQLHXVWDOHQLHF]\XPLHMVFRZLHQLH FHOyZ L Z\GDU]HĔ Ī\FLRZ\FK Z F]DVLH SV\FKRORJLF]Q\P Z SV\FKRORJLF]QHM SU]\V]áRĞFL  MHVW ]ZLą]DQH ] SRF]XFLHP NRQWUROL QDG QLPL VXELHNW\ZQ\P SUDZGRSRGRELHĔVWZHP LFK RVLąJQLĊFLDZ\VWąSLHQLDRUD]]]DDQJDĪRZDQLHPHPRFMRQDOQ\PZREHFQLFK

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PODSUMOWANIE

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2EVHUZXMąF Z]URVW ]DLQWHUHVRZDQLD WHPSRUDOQ\P DVSHNWHP OXG]NLHM RVRERZRĞFL QD-VWĊSXMąF\ZUD]]SU]\URVWHPLSRJáĊELDQLHPVLĊZLHG]\QDMHJRWHPDWPRĪQDVWZLHUG]LüĪH FKRüOXG]NDRVRERZRĞü]DZV]HPLDáDVZyMZ\PLDUWHPSRUDOQ\ RF]\PĞZLDGF]\REHFQRĞü ]DJDGQLHQLDF]DVXQDZHWZNRQFHSFMDFKNWyU\FKWZyUF\Z\GDZDOLVLĊWHPSRUDOQRĞFLąQLH LQWHUHVRZDü WRLVWQLHQLHL]QDF]HQLHWHJRZ\PLDUXPXVLDáR]RVWDüSU]H]SV\FKRORJyZXĞZLD-GRPLRQHE\PRJOLRQLXF]\QLüJRMHGQ\P]NOXF]RZ\FKHOHPHQWyZSR]QDQLDF]áRZLHND BIBLIOGRAFIA

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TEMPORAL DIMENSION OF PERSONALITY. THE REVIEW OF DIFFERENT APPROACHES

The aim of this article is to review and analyze the psychological concepts of personality in terms of the pres-ence of time issue (in them). The analysis shows that the time can play a role of an external criterion for the description of the functioning of the personality, or be present in the personality itself as psychological time. Status of time issues in psychology of personality has evolved from a secondary problem, which was a kind of background for the most important matters and just signaled, to the central problem which is the primary subject of concern, debate and research. Nowadays, temporal aspects of personality are analyzed and empirical studied, especially in the cognitive approach.

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