'DULXV].XU]\GáR
BIERZMOWANIE OSÓB
1,(3(à12635$:1<&+,17(/(.78$/1,(
:VWĊS:RNyá QDV Ī\Mą RVRE\ QLHSHáQRVSUDZQH F]ĊĞFLHM ZLG]LP\ WH ] G\VIXQNFMą ¿]\F]Qą ± SRUXV]DMąFHVLĊQSQDVSHFMDOQ\FKZy]NDFK±W\PF]DVHPFRUD]ZLĊFHMURG]LFyZS\WD QDXF]\FLHOLUHOLJLLLGXV]SDVWHU]\RPRĪOLZRĞüSU]\MPRZDQLDVDNUDPHQWyZSU]H]G]LHFL L PáRG]LHĪ ] QLHSHáQRSUDZQRĞFLą LQWHOHNWXDOQą ]ZáDV]F]D Z VWRSQLX ]QDF]Q\P L JáĊ ERNLP OHNNL L XPLDUNRZDQ\ VWRSLHĔ QLHSHáQRSUDZQRĞFL QD RJyá QLH VWDQRZL WDNLHJR SUREOHPX 0LPR ĪH Z RVWDWQLFK ODWDFK V\WXDFMD RVyE QLHSHáQRVSUDZQ\FK ]QDF]QLH VLĊ SRSUDZLáD WDNĪH SRG Z]JOĊGHP SRGOHJDQLD SURFHVRP HGXNDF\MQ\P ± Z NDĪG\P UD]LHZLGRNWDNLFKRVyEZV]NROHLQWHJUDF\MQHMQLHEXG]LZąWSOLZRĞFL±QLHXVWDQQLH SRZUDFDS\WDQLHRVHQVRUD]VSRVyELFKZáąF]DQLDZWDMHPQLF]DQLDZĪ\FLHVDNUDPHQ WDOQH3DPLĊWDMąFĪHWURVNDGXV]SDVWHUVND±REHMPXMąFDXG]LHODQLHVDNUDPHQWyZ±RG ]DZV]H VNLHURZDQD E\áD GR NDĪGHJR F]áRZLHND L ĪH QD SU]HVWU]HQL ZLHNyZ RGG]LDá\ ZDQLH.RĞFLRáDXZ]JOĊGQLDáRUR]ZyMQDXNKXPDQLVW\F]Q\FKRUD]]PLDQNXOWXURZ\FK LVSRáHF]Q\FKVSUyEXMHP\SRQLĪHMSU]\ZRáDüDUJXPHQW\SRGZDĪDMąFHVHQVXG]LHODQLD VDNUDPHQWXELHU]PRZDQLDPáRG]LHĪ\QLHSHáQRVSUDZQHMLQWHOHNWXDOQLHZVWRSQLX]QDF] Q\PLJáĊERNLPRUD]X]DVDGQLüVWDQRZLVNRSU]HFLZQH&HOHPQLQLHMV]HMSXEOLNDFMLMHVW ]DWHPRGSRZLHGĨQDS\WDQLHGODF]HJRRVRERPQLHSHáQRVSUDZQ\PLQWHOHNWXDOQLHQDOHĪ\ XG]LHODüVDNUDPHQWXELHU]PRZDQLD &]áRZLHNGURJą.RĞFLRáD
0LVMą .RĞFLRáD MHVW ]EXGRZDü GRMU]DáH UHODFMH PLĊG]\ OXGĨPL QD PLDUĊ UHODFML MDNą -H]XV&KU\VWXVEXGRZDá]NDĪG\PF]áRZLHNLHPGRNWyUHJRSU]\FKRG]LáÄZJRĞFLQĊ´ .RĞFLyáZLQLHQVLĊ]DWHPUyZQLHĪWURV]F]\üRUHODFMĊ]NDĪG\PF]áRZLHNLHPQDZ]yU UHODFML-H]XVD]-HJR2MFHP2LOHPLáRĞüQLHSU]\MDFLyáZ\GDMHVLĊ]DGDQLHPWUXGQ\P
DOHZMDNLĞVSRVyEPRĪOLZ\PGRZ\SHáQLHQLDSRGZDUXQNLHPSRGMĊFLDSUDF\QDGVREą
.V GU KDE 'DULXV] .XU]\GáR DGLXQNW Z .DWHGU]H 3V\FKRORJLF]Q\FK L 3HGDJRJLF]Q\FK 3RGVWDZ .DWHFKHW\NL :\G]LDáX7HRORJLF]QHJR8QLZHUV\WHWX.DUG\QDáD6WHIDQD:\V]\ĔVNLHJRZ:DUV]DZLH$GUHVGRNRUHVSRQGHQFML :DUV]DZDXO:RMFLHFKRZVNLHJRHPDLOGDNNX#ZSSO
'\UHNWRULXPNDWHFKHW\F]QH.RĞFLRáDNDWROLFNLHJRZ3ROVFH (.UDNyZ,QUGDOHM'....
2017 nr 24
RW\OHFLHUSLHQLHZ\GDMHVLĊQDPQLHSRWU]HEQH]EĊGQH±QLHFKFHP\JRZRNyáVLHELH'OD WHJROXG]LHQLHSHáQRVSUDZQL±]ZáDV]F]DFLGRWNQLĊFLFLHUSLHQLHPZVWRSQLXDEVROXWQ\P FDáNRZLFLH]EĊGQL]HJ]\VWHQFMDOQHJRLVSRáHF]QHJRSXQNWXZLG]HQLDDSU]\W\PEDU G]RPDáROXEZRJyOHQLHGRVWĊSQLSRGZ]JOĊGHPUHODF\MQ\P±VWDQRZLąGODZVSyáF]HV QHMF\ZLOL]DFMLWDNGREU]HUDG]ąFHMVRELH]SU]HMDZDPLUyĪQHJRURG]DMXWUXGQRĞFLDPL RJURPQHZ\]ZDQLH2VRE\QLHSHáQRVSUDZQHĪ\MąFHQDPDUJLQHVLHSRVWĊSXDSU]\W\P FKáRQQHXG]LDáXZHZV]\VWNLPF]HJRGRĞZLDGF]DMąSHáQRVSUDZQLQLHSDVXMąGRĞZLDWD NWyU\VWDáVLĊG]LĊNLUR]ZRMRZLWHFKQLNLMHV]F]HEDUG]LHMVNRPSOLNRZDQ\QLH]UR]XPLDá\ 3\WDP\ZMDNLVSRVyEFLOXG]LHQLHSRWUD¿ąF\WDNVSUDZQLHMDNP\ÄXĪ\ZDü´UR]XPX PRJOLE\ XF]HVWQLF]\ü Z VSUDZDFK WHJR ĞZLDWD" &]\ PDMą Z\VWDUF]DMąFR GXĪR FLHUSOL ZRĞFLLRGZDJLE\Z\WU]\PDüWHPSRWDNLHJRĪ\FLD"&]\MHVWHĞP\ZVWDQLH]EXGRZDü
]QLPLZDUWRĞFLRZHUHODFMH±LMDNLHUHODFMHMHĞOLRQLGRWHJRĞZLDWDQLHSDVXMą"
7RRVWDWQLHS\WDQLHGRW\NDZáDĞQLHVHGQDPLVMLMDNąPD.RĞFLyáW\ONRZHMĞFLHZUHODFMĊ ]GUXJLPF]áRZLHNLHPZVSRVyENWyU\ZáDĞQLHQLH]DOHĪ\RG]GRE\F]\F\ZLOL]DF\MQ\FK DOHEXGXMHQDSURVW\PVSRWNDQLXUyĪQ\FKRGPLHQQ\FKRVyERGSRZLDGDWHMUHODFMLMDNą SU]H] -H]XVD 3U]HGZLHF]Q\ WZRU]\ ] F]áRZLHNLHP 6\WXDFMD RVyE QLHSHáQRVSUDZQ\FK LQWHOHNWXDOQLHNWyUHQLHPDMąZ\VWDUF]DMąF\FK]GROQRĞFLDQLXPLHMĊWQRĞFLGRWZRU]HQLD Ä]ZLą]NyZ]DGDQLRZ\FK´W]QVáXĪąF\FKMHG\QLHRVLąJDQLXMDNLFKĞSURZL]RU\F]Q\FKOXE SU]HPLMDMąF\FKFHOyZVSUDZLDĪHEXGRZDQLHUHODFMLZ\PDJDSUDZG]LZHJR]DDQJDĪR ZDQLDVHUFD']LĊNLWHPXPRĪQDPyZLüRUHODFMLDXWHQW\F]QLHSRGPLRWRZHM&]áRZLHN QLHSHáQRVSUDZQ\±WDNLPFKFLDQ\SU]H]%RJD±VWDMHVLĊZWHQVSRVyE-HJRSRVáDĔFHP GRĞZLDWDNLHUXMąFHJRVLĊQDFRG]LHĔLQQąORJLNąUR]ZRMXLIXQNFMRQRZDQLDE\E\ü]QD NLHPZVND]XMąF\PQDU]HF]\ZLVWąZDUWRĞüF]áRZLHF]HĔVWZD3DUDGRNVDOQLHWHQNWyU\ QLHSRWUD¿E\üVDPRG]LHOQ\VWDMHVLĊJáRVHP%RJDZVND]XMąFHJRQDWRFRQDMZDĪQLHMV]H ZĪ\FLXÄ%yJZ\EUDáZáDĞQLHWRFRJáXSLHZRF]DFKĞZLDWDDE\]DZVW\G]LüPĊGUFyZ Z\EUDáWRFRQLHPRFQHDE\PRFQ\FKSRQLĪ\üLWRFRQLHMHVWV]ODFKHWQLHXURG]RQH ZHGáXJĞZLDWDLZ]JDUG]RQHLWRFRQLHMHVWZ\UyĪQLá%yJE\WRFRMHVWXQLFHVWZLü´ .RU±-Ċ]\NĞZ3DZáDMHVWEDUG]RGRVDGQ\MHGQDNWU]HEDSDPLĊWDüĪHGHF\ ]MD6WZyUF\E\E\áF]áRZLHNGRW\F]\NDĪGHJRF]áRZLHNDUyZQLHĪQLHSHáQRVSUDZQHJR LMHJRSUDZDE\PyJáF]\QLüVRELH]LHPLĊSRGGDQą7RQDV]HOXG]NLHOĊNLLRJUDQLF]HQLD QLHSR]ZDODMąZLHU]\üZPRF6WZyUF\L-HJR]DP\VáÄE\QLNRJRQLHVWUDFLü´ =NDWHFKHW\F]QHJRSXQNWXZLG]HQLDFKRG]LZLĊFRWRE\ZSHáQLGRVWU]HFL]UR]X PLHüSUDZG]LZHFLHUSLHQLHQLHSHáQRVSUDZQ\FKNWyUHSROHJDQLHQDW\PĪHQLRVąRQL]H VREąMDNLĞURG]DMUR]F]DURZDQLDĪHQLHVąMDNP\±DOHQDW\PĪHPRĪHP\LFK]E\ZDü VZą]Z\F]DMQąRERMĊWQRĞFLąGRW\F]\WR]UHV]WąNDĪGHJRPDUJLQDOL]RZDQHJRF]áRZLHND ZW\PFKRUHJRZLĊĨQLDF]\LPLJUDQWD53R]\W\ZQLHU]HF]ELRUąFQDV]ąSRZLQQRĞFLą 7H]DWDUR]ZLQLĊWDMHVWZDUW\NXOH'DULXV].XU]\GáRÄ,QDF]HMVWZRU]RQ\SU]H]%RJD3UDZRF]áRZLHNDQLHSHáQR VSUDZQHJRGRSR]QDQLD%RJD´:DUV]DZVNLH6WXGLD3DVWRUDOQH± 0RĪQDWĊP\ĞOSRWUDNWRZDüWDNĪHMDNRPHWDIRUĊXQLĪHQLDVLĊ%RJDRF]\PSLV]HĞZ3DZHáZ/LĞFLHGR)LOLSLDQ )OS± 5 '\UHNWRULXP'XV]SDVWHUVWZD5RG]LQQU(ZD'RPDJDáD=\ĞNÄ2VREDFKRUDQLHSHáQRVSUDZQDFLHUSLąFDMDNR ZH]ZDQLHGRSRV]XNLZDQLDVHQVX1DXF]DQLH-DQD3DZáD,,ZNRQWHNĞFLH©WHRORJLLQLHSHáQRVSUDZQRĞFLª-HDQD 9DQLHUD´Z-DQ3DZHá,,VWUyĪHPOXG]NLHMURG]LQ\UHG-DQĝOHG]LDQRZVNL7DGHXV]6DNRZLF].LHOFH ±$7RPNLHZLF]%%RFKHĔVNDÄ:DUWRĞüRVRE\QLHSHáQRVSUDZQHMZVSRáHF]HĔVWZLHZĞZLHWOHQDXF]DQLD -DQD3DZáD,,´Z3HGDJRJLNDNDWROLFND=DJDGQLHQLDZ\EUDQHUHG$OLQD5\QLR6WDORZD:ROD±
MHVWXMU]HüLFKZHZQĊWU]QHERJDFWZRMDNLHPDMąGR]DRIHURZDQLD.RĞFLRáRZL1DOHĪ\ X]QDüWR]DPLVMĊNDWHFKHW\F]Qą]HZ]JOĊGXQD±]MHGQHMVWURQ\±XG]LHODQLHVLĊ%RJD SRSU]H]GDU\NWyUHÄXPLHĞFLá´ZQLHSHáQRVSUDZQ\FKD]GUXJLHMVWURQ\±]DGDQLHEXGR ZDQLD ZLĊ]LUHODFMLNRPXQLL ] F]áRZLHNLHP FR MHVW QDGU]ĊGQ\P FHOHP ZáDĞQLH NDWH chezy68ĞFLĞODMąFMHVWWRRF]\ZLĞFLHNRPXQLD]-H]XVHP&KU\VWXVHPNWyU\XWRĪVDPLD VLĊ]W\PNRQNUHWQ\PF]áRZLHNLHP-DQ3DZHá,,ZOLĞFLHGRF]áRQNyZZVSyOQRWÄ:LDUD LĝZLDWáR´SLVDáÄZRVRELHXSRĞOHG]RQHMREMDZLDVLĊPRFLZLHONRĞü%RJD«ĝZLDWQLH ]DNRĔF]\áMHV]F]HRGNU\ZDQLDERJDFWZXNU\W\FKSU]H]%RJDZVHUFXRVyEXSRĞOHG]R Q\FKXP\VáRZRWRZáDĞQLHZQLFK%yJSR]ZDODVLĊZLG]LHüLNRFKDü,PWHĪSUDJQLHVLĊ RGGDZDü'ODWHJRZLĊFQDOHĪ\XPLHüRGNU\ZDüLFK]GROQRĞüGRGXFKRZHJRRWZDUFLD LUR]ZRMX±VSU]\MDüIRUPRZDQLXLFKĪ\FLDFKU]HĞFLMDĔVNLHJR´7. :VSyOQRWDVDNUDPHQWDOQD :LHP\ĪH.RĞFLyáÄDNWXDOL]XMHVLĊSU]H]VDNUDPHQW\´=WHJRSURVWHJRVWZLHUG]HQLD MXĪZ\QLNDĪHUyZQLHĪRVRE\QLHSHáQRVSUDZQHDE\PRJá\XF]HVWQLF]\üZGRĞZLDGF]H QLX.RĞFLRáDSRZLQQ\]RVWDüSU]\JRWRZDQHGRSU]\MĊFLDVDNUDPHQWyZĞZLĊW\FKRUD] QLHXVWDQQLHE\ü]DSUDV]DQHGRZHMĞFLDZLFKWDMHPQLFĊ0QLHMOXEEDUG]LHMĞZLDGRP\ XG]LDáZĪ\FLXVDNUDPHQWDOQ\PR]QDF]DZLVWRFLH]JRGĊF]áRZLHNDQDSU]\MĊFLH%RĪHJR GDUX±SU]\F]\PQLHFKRG]LWXRMDNLHĞDEVWUDNF\MQHGDU\SU]\SRPQLMP\ĪHQDMEDUG]LHM LVWRWQ\PGDUHPMHVW]DZV]HNRPXQLD]-H]XVHP&KU\VWXVHPXU]HF]\ZLVWQLDMąFDVLĊPLQ ZE\FLXUD]HP2GSRZLHGĨF]áRZLHNDQDZH]ZDQLH&KU\VWXVDPRĪHSU]\ELHUDüUyĪQH IRUP\MHĞOLPDP\GRF]\QLHQLD]RVREDPLQLHSHáQRSUDZQ\PL±MXĪVDPNRQWDNW]H]QD NLHPVDNUDPHQWDOQ\PZHZVSyOQRFLHZLHU]ąF\FKSRVLDGDZDORU]DDQJDĪRZDQLDZR¿D URZDQHSU]H]%RJDERJDFWZRĪ\FLD1LHGRVNRQDáRĞüF]áRZLHNDQLJG\QLHMHVWWRĪVDPD ]MHJRQLHJRGQRĞFLąDOHVWDMHVLĊSU]HGPLRWHPWURVNL%RJDNWyU\SRWRSRVáDáVZRMHJR 6\QDQDĞZLDWDE\JR]EDZLá±LQLNRJRQLHVWUDFLá]RE-±&RZLĊFHMRF]\P EDUG]RF]ĊVWRSU]\SRPLQDSDSLHĪ)UDQFLV]HNVDNUDPHQWGRW\F]\JU]HV]QLNyZZáDĞQLH DQLHW\FKÄNWyU]\VLĊGREU]HPDMą´±QLHMHVWQDJURGąDOHOHNDUVWZHPQDOXG]NLHOĊNL LRJUDQLF]HQLD2ZDJU]HV]QRĞüDZSU]\SDGNXRVyEQLHSHáQRVSUDZQ\FKWDNĪHQLHSR UDGQRĞüLXáRPQRĞüZ\GDMHVLĊVWDQRZLüQDMJáĊEV]\SRZyGGODNWyUHJRĪ\FLHVDNUDPHQ WDOQHSRZLQQRE\üUR]ZLMDQH$ĪHSHáQDĞZLDGRPRĞüQLHMHVWZDUXQNLHPQLH]EĊGQ\P ĞZLDGF]\KLVWRULDSDUDOLW\ND]RE0W±NWyUHPXVSRWNDQLH]-H]XVHPÄRUJDQL]XMą´ 6 :SU]\SDGNXRVyEQLHSHáQRVSUDZQ\FKLQWHOHNWXDOQLHZ\UDĨQLHZLGDüUyĪQLFĊPLĊG]\NDWHFKH]ąDHGXNDFMąUHOLJLM Qą7DGUXJD±]ZáDV]F]DZV\WXDFMLJáĊERNLHJRVWRSQLDQLHSHáQRVSUDZQRĞFL±SROHJDMHG\QLHQDEDUG]RSURVW\P RGG]LDá\ZDQLXG\GDNW\F]Q\PQDXF]QLDWDNDE\PyJáSRZWDU]DüSHZQHF]\QQRĞFLNWyUHPRJąXF]\QLüJRSHá QRSUDZQ\PXF]HVWQLNLHPZVSyOQRW\OXG]NLHM.DWHFKH]DQDWRPLDVWMHVWGODQLHJRVSRVREHPSU]HĪ\ZDQLDUDGR ĞFLSU]\QDOHĪHQLDGRZVSyOQRW\%RJD'-XFKDÄ.DWHFKH]DVDNUDPHQWDOQDRVyE]XSRĞOHG]HQLHPXP\VáRZ\P´ Z:GURG]HGR]UR]XPLHQLDLZLDU\.DWHFKH]DRVyEV]F]HJyOQHMWURVNL0DWHULDá\]9,6SRWNDQLD'\UHNWRUyZ :\G]LDáyZ.DWHFKHW\F]Q\FK.UDNyZ 7 -DQ3DZHá,,Ä/LVWGRF]áRQNyZZVSyOQRW©:LDUDLĝZLDWáRª´ĝZLDWáRL&LHQLH± .RQVW\WXFMDGRJPDW\F]QDR.RĞFLHOHQU 7HUPLQÄVDNUDPHQW´]DZLHUDZVRELHZ\PLDUWDMHPQLF\XF]HVWQLFWZRZVDNUDPHQFLHR]QDF]DZHMĞFLHZJáąE WDMHPQLF\%RJDNWyUHJRZV]HFKPRFSROHJDQDXG]LHODQLXáDVNLPLáRĞFL3DZHá0ąNRVDÄ7HUPLQRORJLF]QHSRG VWDZ\NDWHFKH]\PLVWDJRJLF]QHM´ Roczniki Pastoralno-Katechetyczne±
LQQL±PRĪQDE\LFKQD]ZDüSRUĊF]\FLHODPLZLDU\7RRQL±QLHMDNRZ]DVWĊSVWZLHRVRE\ FKRUHM±VWDMąVLĊĞZLDGRPLLQWHQFMLMDNLHMZ\PDJDVLĊZV\WXDFMLZ\PDJDMąFHM]DĞZLDG F]HQLDRZLHU]HZPLáRĞü%RJDNWyU\XĞZLĊFDLOHF]\:LDUDERZLHP]DZV]HSRVLDGD Z\PLDU VSRáHF]Q\ L QLH ]DOHĪ\ RG RJUDQLF]HĔ ZSLVDQ\FK Z QDWXUĊ HJ]\VWHQFML F]áR ZLHNDQDWHM]DVDG]LHWDNĪHFKU]WXXG]LHODVLĊUyZQLHĪG]LHFLRPKLVWRU\F]QLHÄFDáHPX
GRPRZL´.
:DUWR SDPLĊWDü ĪH ]QDNL VDNUDPHQWDOQH Vą ]H VWURQ\ %RJD ]RERZLą]DQLHP MDNLH SRGHMPXMH ] PLáRĞFL GR F]áRZLHND 8F]HVWQLF]\P\ ]DWHP Z WDMHPQLF\ ]DZLHUDMąFHM ZVRELHQLHZ\F]HUSDOQHERJDFWZRDOHNWyUHJRQLHPRĪQD]DWU]\PDüGODVLHELH±PRĪQD QLP VLĊ MHG\QLH G]LHOLü ] LQQ\PL Z WDNL VSRVyE ZáDĞQLH LVWQLHMH .RĞFLyá MDNR ZVSyO QRWDPLáRĞFLLZWDNLVSRVyEZLHU]ąF\ELRUąRGSRZLHG]LDOQRĞü]DVZRMąZLDUĊWDNĪH Z Z\PLDU]H NDWHFKHW\F]Q\P 6DNUDPHQW\ VWDQRZLą ZLĊF RJURPQ\ ]DVyE F]áRZLHND
NWyU\P G\VSRQXMH RG SRF]ąWNX VZHJR Ī\FLD .RĞFLyá SRVLDGD VWUXNWXUĊ VDNUDPHQ
WDOQąDVNXWHF]QRĞüVDNUDPHQWyZ]DVDG]DVLĊQDIDNFLHĪHSUDVDNUDPHQWHPMHVW-H]XV &KU\VWXVÄWR2QFKU]FLWR2QG]LDáDZVDNUDPHQWDFKDE\XG]LHODüáDVNLMDNąR]QDF]D VDNUDPHQW´ĩ\FLH-H]XVD&KU\VWXVDSRND]XMHĪHPDWRUyZQLHĪ]ZLą]HN]FLHUSLHQLHP F]áRZLHNDDZLĊFL]MHJRQLHSHáQRVSUDZQRĞFLą:VDNUDPHQWDFKERZLHP%yJWDNĪH GRĞZLDGF]DF]áRZLHNDNRQIURQWXMąFJR]HĞPLHUFLąVZHJR6\QD±MDNE\S\WDMąFJRFR W\]URELV]WHUD]]HVZRLPFLHUSLHQLHP"1LHOLNZLGXMHJRDOHZáąF]DMąFZGRĞZLDGF]H QLHVZHJR6\QDZSURZDG]DQDGURJĊVSRWNDQLDVLĊ]FLHUSLHQLHPSU]\MĊFLDJRLSU]H PLHQLHQLD : SODQLH %RJD E\ü PRĪH ]EDZF]D REHFQRĞü QLHSHáQRVSUDZQ\FK SR]ZDOD VWDQąüEOLĪHMSUDZG\R.U]\ĪX&KU\VWXVDXĞZLDGDPLDMąFF]áRZLHNRZLQLHFREDUG]LHM ÄSHáQ\VHQVMHJRF]áRZLHF]HĔVWZDVWZRU]HQLD2ZDSHáQLDSROHJDQDLVWQLHQLXUD]HP SHáQRVSUDZQRĞFLLQLHSHáQRVSUDZQRĞFLLSRFLąJD]DVREąNRQLHF]QRĞüSU]\MĊFLDMHGQHJR LGUXJLHJR]LQWHJURZDQLDWHJRWDNDE\F]áRZLHNGRĞZLDGF]\áZLĊNV]HMSHáQLĪ\FLD,GR WHJR SRWU]HEQH MHVW SU]HNURF]HQLH FLHUSLHQLD QLHSHáQRVSUDZQRĞFL W]Q Z\MĞFLH SR]D WDNLHUR]XPLHQLHĪ\FLDZNWyU\PLVWQLHMHVDPR©]GURZLHª´7ĊNDWHJRULĊSRVWU]HJDQLD
U]HF]\ZLVWRĞFLPRĪQDQD]ZDüÄSR]QDQLHPVDNUDPHQWDOQ\P´&RZDĪQHQLH]QDMRPRĞü LQWHOHNWXDOQD&KU\VWXVDF]\SRMĊFLHVDNUDPHQWXQLHPDWXZLĊNV]HJR]QDF]HQLDVNRUR QLFQLHPRĪHF]áRZLHNDRGáąF]\üRG0LáRĞFL&KU\VWXVDNWyU\FKU]FL'XFKHPĝZLĊW\P :VHQVLHPRUDOQ\PQLHĞZLDGRPRĞüJU]HFKXPDSRGREQąQLHWDNąVDPąZDUWRĞüFR
QLHĞZLDGRPRĞü F]\P MHVW VDNUDPHQW =D NU\WHULXP NRPXQLL ] -H]XVHP &KU\VWXVHP ] SRZRG]HQLHP PRĪQD X]QDü UDGRĞü SU]HĪ\ZDQLD VSRWNDQLD ] GUXJLP F]áRZLHNLHP ZWHMEOLVNRĞFLPLáXMąF\FKVLĊRVyE%yJREMDZLDVLĊZQDWXUDOQ\VSRVyE. 1LHUR]VWU]\JDP\WXWDMRV]F]HJyáDFKSU]\JRWRZDQLDGRVDNUDPHQWyZLLFKXG]LHODQLD DMHG\QLHVWZLHUG]DP\ĪHIRUPXáRZDQLHMHGQR]QDF]Q\FKNU\WHULyZRGQRĞQLHGRJRWR ZRĞFLRVyEQLHSHáQRVSUDZQ\FKGRĪ\FLDVDNUDPHQWDOQHJRR]QDF]DáRE\G]LDáDQLH%RJD .U]\V]WRI6RVQDÄ.U\WHULDSU]\JRWRZDQLDGRVDNUDPHQWyZLQLFMDFMLFKU]HĞFLMDĔVNLHMRVyEQLHSHáQRVSUDZQ\FK XP\VáRZR´Oligokatecheza
.DWHFKL]P.RĞFLRáDNDWROLFNLHJR (3R]QDĔ3DOORWWLQXPGDOHM.... Ä6DNUDPHQW\>F]\WDP\GDOHM ZkDWHFKL]PLH@]DSRPRFąVáyZLU]HF]\GDMąMHMZ]URVWXPDFQLDMąMąLZ\UDĪDMą´ ...,
...
.XU]\GáRÄ,QDF]HMVWZRU]RQ\SU]H]%RJD´
Z-HJREH]LQWHUHVRZQ\PZ\ERU]HÄWHJRFRVáDEH´1DOHĪ\XZDĪDüDE\QLJG\DUJXPHQW\ WHRORJLF]QHQLHSU]HVáDQLDá\F]áRZLHNRZLD]ZáDV]F]DPDOXF]NLPPLáRVLHUQHMPLáRĞFL %RJD ]RE 0N %yJ FKFH ZHMĞü Z UHODFMĊ PLáRĞFL ] NDĪG\P F]áRZLHNLHP MDN SU]\SRPLQDMąRW\PZV]\VWNLHGRNXPHQW\NDWHFKHW\F]QH.RĞFLRáDFKRüE\NWRNROZLHN XZDĪDáĪH]QDOD]áVLĊQDGURG]H%RJDSU]\SDGNRZRMDN6]\PRQ&\UHQHMF]\NDOERáRWU QDNU]\ĪX-DQ6]HOąJX]DVDGQLDĪHUHOLJLMQRĞüRVyEQLHSHáQRVSUDZQ\FKÄQLHMHVWMHG\QLH ]MDZLVNRZąIHQRPHQRORJLF]QąPDQLIHVWDFMąSU]\OJQLĊFLDGR%RJDL.RĞFLRáDZ\UDĪDQą ZNRQNUHWQ\FKDNWDFKNXOW\F]Q\FKF]\VáRZQHMDUJXPHQWDFMLOXEURG]DMHPSU]HSRZLDGD QLDRUĊG]LD]EDZF]HJR:LDUDGRW\NDWDMHPQLF]HMSU]HVWU]HQLOXG]NLHJRVHUFDMHVWáDVNą LQLHVSRVyEMHMLQWHUSUHWRZDüF]\X]DVDGQLDüMHG\QLHOXG]NLPXP\VáHP´3R]EDZLHQLH F]áRZLHNDGRVWĊSXGRĨUyGáDáDVNLL-HJRSODQX]EDZLHQLDF]áRZLHND±NWyU\UHDOL]XMH V]F]HJyOQLHSRSU]H]VSRWNDQLH]F]áRZLHNLHPFKRU\POXESRSURVWXLQQ\P±Z\GDMHVLĊ E\üRJURPQ\PQDGXĪ\FLHPOXESU]HMDZHPLJQRUDQFML.DĪG\NWRSUDFXMH]RVREDPLQLH SHáQRVSUDZQ\PLZLHĪHLFK]DDQJDĪRZDQLHZUHODFMĊDZV\WXDFMLUHOLJLMQHMZXF]HVW QLFWZRZVDNUDPHQWDFKMHVWEDUG]RLQWHQV\ZQHLSHáQHSURVWRW\±RFRQLHUD]SURVLá XF]QLyZ-H]XV&KU\VWXV )DNWĪHMDNROXG]LHQLHXPLHP\VRELHSRUDG]Lü]QLHORJLF]QRĞFLąSRVWĊSRZDQLD%RJD ZREHF F]áRZLHND REHFQH WDNĪH Z (ZDQJHOLDFK SRF]XFLH QLHVSUDZLHGOLZRĞFL ± E\ü PRĪH PDMąFH VZH SRGáRĪH Z QLHXPLHMĊWQRĞFL SU]HĪ\ZDQLD ZáDVQHJR FLHUSLHQLD ± QLH PRĪHR]QDF]DüRGHEUDQLDSUDZDRVRERPQLHSHáQRVSUDZQ\PGRSHáQHJRXF]HVWQLFWZD ZVDNUDPHQWDFK.RĞFLRáD3RGREQLHIDNWĪHVWRSLHĔSRVáXJLZDQLDVLĊLQWHOHNWHPXRVyE QLHSHáQRVSUDZQ\FKMHVWUHODW\ZQLHQLVNLQLHGDMHSU]\]ZROHQLDQDWUDNWRZDQLHLFKMDNR JRUV]\FKF]\MDNG]LHFL]ZáDV]F]DJG\GRUDVWDMąLRVLąJDMąZLHNGRURVá\1DOHĪ\]V]D FXQNLHPSRGFKRG]LüGRLQQHJRWHPSDUR]ZRMXRUD]ZVáXFKLZDüVLĊZLFKZUDĪOLZRĞü SV\FKLF]QąLGXFKRZą±MDNĪHUyĪQąRGQDV]HM.
: W\P NRQWHNĞFLH PXVLP\ ]GDü VRELH VSUDZĊ ĪH VDNUDPHQWDOQ\ Z\PLDU .RĞFLRáD GRW\F]\UDGRĞFLFDáHJR/XGX%RĪHJR:V\WXDFMLRVRE\QLHSHáQRVSUDZQHM±LZZLHOX LQQ\FK±ZLGDüMDNQLHPRĪQRĞüE\FLDF]ĊĞFLąZVSyOQRW\ZSá\ZDQDRVáDELHQLHZLDU\ LEUDNGXFKDPLV\MQHJR7\ONRZHZVSyOQRFLHPRĪQDWHĪSU]HĪ\ZDüDXWHQW\F]QąUDGRĞü 3U]\NáDGDUNL±PLHMVFDJG]LHQLHSHáQRVSUDZQLLSHáQRVSUDZQLWZRU]ąĪ\Z\.RĞFLyá± SRND]XMHMDNZVSyOQRWDVWDMHVLĊWDNLPPLHMVFHPUDGRĞFL.RPXQLD]&KU\VWXVHPGR F]HJR]PLHU]DMąNDWHFKHW\F]QHG]LDáDQLD.RĞFLRáDZ\PDJDNRPXQLLOXG]LPLĊG]\VREą± RWRSRSU]H]UDGRĞüZVSyOQHJRVSRWNDQLD%yJPRĪHUHDOL]RZDüVZyMSODQ]EDZLHQLD. 0XVLP\ZLHU]\üĪHPLPRRJUDQLF]HĔXP\VáXF]áRZLHNMHVWZVWDQLHGRĞZLDGF]Dü0LáR ĞFLLZHMĞüZSUDZG]LZąUHODFMĊ]-H]XVHP&KU\VWXVHP. -DQ6]HOąJÄ3U]\MGĨFLHGRPQLHZV]\VF\´.RWZLFD '...QU
3LRWU5RPDQ*U\]LHFÄàDVNDVSRWNDQLDFKU]HĞFLMDQZHGáXJĞZ3DZáD´Ruch Biblijny i Liturgiczny ±
Barbara Rozen, (GXNDFMDUHOLJLMQDRVyE]QLHSHáQRVSUDZQRĞFLąLQWHOHNWXDOQą(2OV]W\Q,±
$QGU]HM .LFLĔVNL Ä3RV]XNLZDQLH WRĪVDPRĞFL NDWHFKHW\ RVyE V]F]HJyOQHM WURVNL´ Katecheta ± 'DULXV]3DWHUÄ6DNUDPHQWDOQDREHFQRĞü&KU\VWXVD´:DUV]DZVNLH6WXGLD3DVWRUDOQH±
%LHU]PRZDQLHQLHSHáQRVSUDZQ\FK
6DNUDPHQWELHU]PRZDQLDGUXJL]VDNUDPHQWyZLQLFMDFMLFKU]HĞFLMDĔVNLHMMHVWHWDSHPQD GURG]HZWDMHPQLF]HQLDZSHáQLĊĪ\FLDSRWZLHUG]HQLHPLXPRFQLHQLHPNRPXQLL]-H]X VHP&KU\VWXVHP:.DWHFKL]PLH.RĞFLRáDNDWROLFNLHJR]ZUDFDVLĊXZDJĊQDMHGQRĞü WU]HFK VDNUDPHQWyZ ZWDMHPQLF]HQLD FKU]WX ELHU]PRZDQLD L (XFKDU\VWLL D ]DUD]HP ERJDFWZRáDVNLNDĪGHJR]QLFK:W\PSURFHVLHZ]URVWXZLDU\VDNUDPHQWELHU]PRZD QLDVWDQRZLGRSHáQLHQLHFKU]WXĞZLQDED]LHUR]H]QDQHJRFKDU\]PDWXXG]LHODGDUyZ 'XFKDĝZLĊWHJRQLH]EĊGQ\FKZSRGMĊFLXPLVMLFKU]HĞFLMDQLQDSRVáDQLH:SU]\MĊW\P Z.RĞFLHOHPRGHOXXG]LHODQLDWHJRVDNUDPHQWXSRGNUHĞODVLĊZDUWRĞüSU]\JRWRZDQLDGR MHJRSU]\MĊFLDSRSU]H]XG]LDáZĪ\FLXZVSyOQRW\FR]DNáDGDĪHVDPFKU]HVWĞZQLH ZSURZDG]DMHV]F]HZFDáąWDMHPQLFĊĪ\FLD%RĪHJR±GRSLHURELHU]PRZDQLHXG]LHODSHáQL GDUyZ VWąG QD]ZD VDNUDPHQWX FRQ¿UPDWLR EDSWLVPL &KU]HVW ĞZ Z\]QDF]D GURJĊ ]DSUDV]DGRĪ\FLDGDUDPL'XFKDĝZLĊWHJRELHU]PRZDQLHQDWRPLDVWF]\QLĞZLDGNLHP &KU\VWXVD Z ĞZLHFLH .RĞFLyá MHVW SU]HNRQDQ\ ĪH NDĪG\ NWR ]RVWDá RFKU]F]RQ\ PD
SUDZRLRERZLą]HNNRU]\VWDü]SHáQLZWDMHPQLF]HQLDZĪ\FLHFKU]HĞFLMDĔVNLH±VNRUR WUDNWXMHRZHWU]\VDNUDPHQW\MDNRFDáRĞü1LHZ\WáXPDF]DOQH]DWHPE\áRE\VWDQRZLVNR Z\NOXF]DMąFHRVRE\QLHSHáQRVSUDZQH]GURJLLQLFMDFMLFKU]HĞFLMDĔVNLHMQDMDNLPĞMHMHWD SLH7\PEDUG]LHMĪHWDNLFKZąWSOLZRĞFLQLHPDMąVSHFMDOLĞFL]DMPXMąF\VLĊNDWHFKH]ąVSH FMDOQą.DWDU]\QD/DXVFKSLV]HÄ3RZRáXMąFLFKGRĪ\FLD3DQ%yJGDá]DUyZQRLPMDN LURG]LFRPRNUHĞORQH]DGDQLHGRVSHáQLHQLD]DGDQLHNWyUHJRSU]HFLĊWQLOXG]LHPRJąQLH UR]XPLHüDOHQLHPRJąJRQHJRZDü2VRE\]JáĊEV]ąQLHSHáQRVSUDZQRĞFLąLQWHOHNWXDOQą LLFKURG]LQ\UyZQLHĪSRWU]HEXMąZVSDUFLDPRF\'XFKDĝZLĊWHJRE\GRNRĔFDZ\SHáQLü GDQHLPSU]H]%RJD]DGDQLH´.
3U]\JRWRZDQLH GR SU]\MĊFLD VDNUDPHQWX MDN L MHJR XG]LHODQLH Z\PDJD REHFQRĞFL L ]DDQJDĪRZDQLD ZVSyOQRW\ HNOH]MDOQHM QS QLHXVWDQQD PRGOLWZD F]\ WRZDU]\V]HQLH &KRG]LPLQRXND]DQLHMDNZLHUQLNWyU]\RWU]\PDOLGDU\'XFKDĝZLĊWHJRUHDOL]XMą SRVáDQQLFWZR Z .RĞFLHOH SRGHMPXMąF GXFKD VáXĪE\ Z NRQNUHWQ\FK VSUDZDFK L UHOD FMDFKRVRERZ\FK:REU]ĊGDFKELHU]PRZDQLDLVWRWQąF]ĊĞFLąSU]\JRWRZDQLDQLHMHVW
HGXNDFMD LQWHOHNWXDOQD D IRUPDFMD ÄGXFKD ZLDU\ L VWRSQLRZH XPDFQLDQLH´ QU 1D W\PIXQGDPHQFLHRSLHUDVLĊRZRFQRĞüWHJRVDNUDPHQWX:SU]\SDGNXRVyEQLHSHáQR VSUDZQ\FKLQWHOHNWXDOQLHQDMOHSLHMVSUDZG]DVLĊNDWHFKH]DUHODFMLDOERNDWHFKH]DW\SX
...&KRü]ZLHĔF]HQLHPGURJLZWDMHPQLF]HQLDMHVW(XFKDU\VWLDVDNUDPHQWXELHU]PRZDQLD]UyĪQ\FK Z]JOĊGyZXG]LHODVLĊSRSU]\MĊFLXVDNUDPHQWX(XFKDU\VWLL1DWHQWHPDW]RE&]HVáDZ.UDNRZLDNÄ=WHRORJLL ZWDMHPQLF]HQLDFKU]HĞFLMDĔVNLHJR´Ruch Biblijny i Liturgiczny±
...&]HVáDZ.UDNRZLDNÄ1D]ZDVDNUDPHQWXELHU]PRZDQLD´Ruch Biblijny i Liturgiczny ±
...
.DWDU]\QD/DXVFKÄ:\FKRZDQLHUHOLJLMQHXF]QLyZJáĊELHMXSRĞOHG]RQ\FKXP\VáRZR´Z3U]HZRGQLNGODQD-XF]\FLHOLXF]QLyZXSRĞOHG]RQ\FKXP\VáRZRZVWRSQLX]QDF]Q\PLXPLDUNRZDQ\PF],UHG0DULD3LV]F]HN:DU
V]DZD
... $QGU]HM .LFLĔVNL Ä.DWHFKH]D SU]HG ELHU]PRZDQLHP RVyE ] QLHSHáQRVSUDZQRĞFLą LQWHOHNWXDOQą´
Roczniki Liturgiczne±-DQ3DZHá,,SU]\SRPQLDáLĪVDNUDPHQWXELHU]PRZDQLDQLHPRĪQDVSUR
ZDG]DüGRNROHMQHJRZ\]QDQLDZLDU\DQLXG]LHODüJRMHG\QLHZ\EUDQ\PRVRERP-DQ3DZHá,,Ä3U]HPyZLHQLHGR ELVNXSyZIUDQFXVNLFKPDMDU´/¶2VVHUYDWRUH5RPDQR
HJ]\VWHQFMDOQHJR±SRPLMDMąFDZV]HONLHDQDOL]\DEVWUDNF\MQH7RFRLVWRWQH]DZLHUDVLĊ ZXPRĪOLZLDQLXRVRERPNDWHFKL]RZDQ\PSU]HĪ\FLDĪHVąG]LHüPL%RJD-DQ3DZHá,, PyZLá GR QLHSHáQRVSUDZQ\FK LQWHOHNWXDOQLH Ä3RZLHFLH F]HJRĪ PRĪHP\ GRNRQDü P\ VNRUR MHVWHĞP\ VáDEL" « 'XFK ĝZLĊW\ GDMH ZDP VLáĊ L HQHUJLĊ « %ĊG]LHP\ ZLĊF PRGOLüVLĊĪHE\'XFKĝZLĊW\GDáZDPPRFZLDU\E\ZLHU]\ü]DZV]HZ%RJDNWyU\ QDV]EDZLDPRFQDG]LHLE\]DZV]HXIDüFDáNRZLFLHZ-HJRSRPRFLGREURüGODQDV PRF PLáRĞFL E\ FRUD] EDUG]LHM ] FDáHJR VHUFD NRFKDü 3DQD -H]XVD D Z 1LP L SU]H] 1LHJR±EUDFLPRFFLHUSOLZRĞFLDE\XPLHüSU]\MPRZDüPĊĪQLHVZyMORVLR¿DURZDüVZH FLHUSLHQLDGODGREUDGXV]PRFGREUHJRSU]\NáDGXDE\XPLHüĞZLDGF]\üZREHFLQQ\FK RGREURFLLQDG]LHL«-HVWHĞFLHWDNLPLSURVWDF]NDPLDOH'XFKĝZLĊW\QDXF]\ZDVW\OX ZDĪQ\FKSUDZG3R]ZROLZDP]UR]XPLHüNLPMHVW%yJGDZDP]UR]XPLHüLQDXF]\ZDV NRFKDü(ZDQJHOLĊRGGDOLRGZDVPURNLNáDPVWZDLFLHPQRĞFLEáĊGXLJU]HFKX´2LOH QLH]DZV]HPRĪOLZHMHVWZSU]\SDGNXW\FKNDWHFKL]RZDQ\FKSRVLDGDQLHĞZLDGRPRĞFL ĪHLFKFLHUSLHQLHQLHMHVWNDUąRW\OHZ\FKRZDZFDNWyU\PMHVWZF]DVLHSU]\JRWRZDQLD GR ELHU]PRZDQLD NDĪG\ F]áRQHN ZVSyOQRW\ HNOH]MDOQHM SRZLQLHQ E\ü SU]HNRQDQ\ ĪH %yJSRV\áD'XFKDĝZLĊWHJRGROXG]NLFKVáDERĞFL-HĞOLQLHGDVLĊWHJRSRMąüUR]XPHP 'XFKĝZLĊW\SU]HPDZLDGROXG]NLHJRVHUFDRELHWQLFD=HVáDQLD'XFKD3UDZG\NWyU\ ZV]\VWNLHJRQDXF]\GRW\F]\NDĪGHJRF]áRZLHNDSRQLHZDĪ3UDZGDRNWyUHMPyZL-H]XV QLHPDFKDUDNWHUXUDFMRQDOQHJROHF]MHVWWRĪVDPD]0ąGURĞFLąMDNąZ\VáDZLD3LVPRĞZ LNWyUDMHVWSU]\PLRWHP%RJD
+HQUL %LVVRQLHU WZyUFD NDWHFKH]\ VSHFMDOQHM Z\PLHQLD WU]\ SRGVWDZRZH EáĊG\ MDNLHáDWZRSRSHáQLüSRGF]DVSU]\JRWRZDQLDGRELHU]PRZDQLDRVyEQLHSHáQRVSUDZQ\FK LQWHOHNWXDOQLHMHĞOLXG]LHODVLĊVDNUDPHQWXEH]NDWHFKH]\X]QDMąFĪHLWDNQLFQLH ]UR]XPLHMą MHĞOL UH]\JQXMH VLĊ ] MDNLHJRNROZLHN SU]\JRWRZDQLD X]QDMąF ĪH MHVW WRQLHSRWU]HEQHRUD]MHĞOLWUDNWXMHVLĊNDWHFKH]ĊW\ONRMDNRRND]MĊE\SU]\JRWRZDü GR SU]\MĊFLD VDNUDPHQWX Z\NOXF]DMąF LPPDQHQWQH FHOH NDWHFKH]\ 3RQDGWR WU]HED
SDPLĊWDüĪHF]DVSU]\JRWRZDQLDLXG]LHODQLDVDNUDPHQWXELHU]PRZDQLDSU]\SDGDQD WUXGQ\RNUHVGRUDVWDQLD]F]\PZLąĪąVLĊSRZDĪQH]PLDQ\ZVWUXNWXU]HELRORJLF]QHM LSV\FKLF]QHMF]áRZLHNDFRPDSRĞUHGQLRZSá\ZQDSU]HĪ\ZDQLHZLDU\%RJDLVZR MHJR PLHMVFD Z .RĞFLHOH :LąĪH VLĊ WR ] NRQLHF]QRĞFLą SRGMĊFLD SUDZG]LZHM ZVSyá SUDF\]URG]LFDPLLZ\FKRZDZFDPLZW\PUHKDELOLWDQWDPLRVyEQLHSHáQRVSUDZQ\FK LZ\PDJDRGNDWHFKHWyZG\VWDQVXZFLHUSOLZ\PLZ\UR]XPLDá\PWUDNWRZDQLXNDWHFKL ]RZDQ\FK7\PEDUG]LHMF]DVWHQPRĪHVLĊRND]DüZVSDQLDá\PGRĞZLDGF]HQLHP%RJD NWyU\SU]\FKRG]LGRF]áRZLHNDE\PXWRZDU]\V]\üZĪ\FLX2LOHF]áRZLHNQLHSHáQR VSUDZQ\LQWHOHNWXDOQLHQLHMHVWZVWDQLH]DMPRZDüVLĊLQWHOHNWXDOQ\PLDVSHNWDPLZLDU\ RW\OHUHDOQ\PGRĞZLDGF]HQLHPVSRWNDQLD%RJDVWDMHVLĊGODQLHJRSU]HĪ\FLHZVSyOQRW\ -DQ3DZHá,,Ä+RPLOLDZ\JáRV]RQDSRGF]DV0V]\ĝZLĊWHM]XG]LHOHQLHPELHU]PRZDQLDJUXSLHQLHSHáQRVSUDZ Q\FKFKáRSFyZ´Z1DXF]DQLHSDSLHVNLHW,93R]QDĔ±0DUHN.OX]Ä'\QDPL]PVDNUDPHQWyZ FKU]WXLELHU]PRZDQLDZVáXĪELHEXGRZDQLD.RĞFLRáDMDNRGRPX´/LWXUJLD6DFUD± .LFLĔVNLÄ.DWHFKH]DSU]HGELHU]PRZDQLHPRVyE]QLHSHáQRVSUDZQRĞFLąLQWHOHNWXDOQą´± $QGU]HM.LFLĔVNLWZLHUG]LĪHMHVWWRRGSRZLHGQLF]DVDE\NDWHFKL]RZDQ\ZáąF]\áVLĊ±QDVWDáHOXEQDMDNLĞF]DV ±ZSRVáXJĊPLQLVWUDQWDFKyU]\VW\NDQWRUDZRORQWDULDWXSDUD¿DOQHJRJUXS\PRGOLWHZQHMLWS$QGU]HM.LFLĔVNL Ä,WHUFKULVWLDQDHLQLWLDWLRQLV´7HRORJLF]QH6WXGLD3RGODVNLH±
MDNRGRPXJG]LHRGQDMGXMHUDGRĞüSU]HE\ZDQLD]LQQ\PLZW\P]UyZLHĞQLNDPL2WR DXWHQW\F]QDV]NRáDNRPXQLLLSUDNW\NRZDQLDFKU]HĞFLMDĔVNLHMPLáRĞFL&RZLĊFHMWDNĪH U]HF]\ZLVWRĞüVXPLHQLD]RVWDMHRGQLHVLRQDMXĪÄQLHGREH]RVRERZHJRSUDZDDOHGRGDUX PLáRĞFLNWyU\PDFKDUDNWHURVRERZ\7R'XFKĝZLĊW\MHVWWą0LáRĞFLąRVRERZąMHVW 2VREą±0LáRĞFLą2VREą±'DUHP´7DPLáRĞüZáDĞQLHPDPRFSU]HPLHQLDMąFąQDZUD FDMąFąWRFRZF]áRZLHNXVáDEHLNUXFKHWRFRQLHMHVW±E\ÄZV]\VWNLPZHZV]\VWNLFK´ E\á%yJ6WZyUFD]LHPLLQLHED.
6\WXDFMD RVyE QLHSHáQRVSUDZQ\FK XND]XMH ]DWHP ĪH ZWDMHPQLF]HQLH FKU]HĞFLMDĔ VNLH±FKRüSRVLDGDNRQVHNZHQFMHGRF]HVQH±GRW\F]\U]HF]\ZLVWRĞFLQDGSU]\URG]RQHM NWyUDZVZRMHMSHáQLMHVWQLHGRSRMĊFLDDNWHPUR]XPXFRXZDOQLDZLDUĊRGEáąG]HQLD SRPDQRZFDFKWHRORJLLZáąF]DMąFNDWHFKL]RZDQHJRZSU]HVWU]HĔRGG]LDá\ZDQLD'XFKD ĝZLĊWHJR:WHQVSRVyELQLFMDW\ZĊG]LDáDQLD]EDZF]HJRSU]\SLVDüZROQRW\ONR%RJX NWyU\]QDMGXMHF]áRZLHNDWDPJG]LHWHQSU]HĪ\ZDVZąFRG]LHQQRĞüMDNRGDU3U]\MĊFLH WHJRGDUXSRSU]H]DNWPLáRĞFLLQQHJRF]áRZLHNDWRMHVWyZNRQNUHWNWyU\UR]VWU]\JD RJRWRZRĞFLZHMĞFLDZUHODFMĊ]%RJLHPSR]ZDOD%RJXF]\QLüĪ\FLHF]áRZLHNDLNRQą-HJR REHFQRĞFL-HĞOL-DQ3DZHá,,SLV]HZHQF\NOLFHR'XFKXĝZLĊW\PĪHÄWDNLHZHZQĊWU]QH REFRZDQLH]%RJLHPZ'XFKXĝZLĊW\PVSUDZLDĪHF]áRZLHNZQRZ\VSRVyESRMPXMH UyZQLHĪVLHELHVDPHJRVZRMHF]áRZLHF]HĔVWZR'R]QDMHSHáQHJRXU]HF]\ZLVWQLHQLDyZ REUD]LSRGRELHĔVWZR%RĪHMDNLPF]áRZLHNMHVWRGSRF]ąWNX«1DWHMGURG]H±QDGUR G]HWDNLHJRGRMU]HZDQLDNWyUDMHVW]DUD]HPSHáQ\PRGNU\FLHPF]áRZLHF]HĔVWZD±%yJ SU]\EOLĪDVLĊGRF]áRZLHNDZQLNDFRUD]JáĊELHMZFDá\ĞZLDWOXG]NL´±GODRVRE\QLHSHá QRVSUDZQHMLQWHOHNWXDOQLHR]QDF]DWRXU]HF]\ZLVWQLHQLHZVRELHREUD]X%RJDSRSU]H] ]DDQJDĪRZDQLHVLĊZUHODFMĊ]GUXJLPF]áRZLHNLHPQDPLDUĊZáDVQ\FKPRĪOLZRĞFLXP\ VáRZ\FK&]áRZLHNWHQQLHUR]XPLHĪH%yJGRNRQXMHWHJRDNWXDOHSU]HĪ\ZDSUDZG]LZH GRWNQLĊFLH PLáRĞFL %RJD -HDQ 9DQLHU Z\MDĞQLD Ä1LHNWyUH RVRE\ GRWNQLĊWH FLĊĪNLP XSRĞOHG]HQLHPSRWUD¿ąZ\WUZDüZVNXSLHQLXZF]DVLH0V]\ĞZSRGF]DVJG\ZUyĪ Q\FKFRG]LHQQ\FKV\WXDFMDFKSR]RVWDMąZVWDQLHFLąJáHJRSRGQLHFHQLD7DNLHVNXSLHQLH ĞZLDGF]\RSU]HĪ\ZDQLXF]HJRĞEDUG]RSUDZG]LZHJRLRVRELVWHJR%\üPRĪHZáDĞQLH ZW\PPRPHQFLHRGNU\ZDMąVZRMHZHZQĊWU]QHSLĊNQRLRGQDMGXMąSUDZG]LZHPLHMVFH ZVHUFX.RĞFLRáDĞZLDWDZVHUFX%RJD3RSU]H]WRUHDOQHGRĞZLDGF]HQLH%RJDNWyU\LP VLĊREMDZLDDSR]RVWDMHXNU\W\SU]HGLQWHOHNWXDOLVWDPLOXGĨPLRQDGPLHUQHMDNW\ZQRĞFL OXGĨPLWURV]F]ąF\PLVLĊRVZąSR]\FMĊLUROĊZVSRáHF]HĔVWZLH±RGNU\ZDMąXSRĞOHG]HQL VZRMąSUDZG]LZąWRĪVDPRĞü´'ODWHJRQLHZROQRVWDZLDüEDULHULQLFMDW\ZLH%RJDNWy UHJRG]LDáDQLHSU]HMDZLDVLĊZUHDOLDFKFRG]LHQQHMHJ]\VWHQFMLDQLHZLGHDOQ\FKZL]MDFK ÄQDSUDZLDQLD´ĞZLDWD7RG]LDáDQLH]UHV]WąSU]HELHJDSR]DQDV]ąĞZLDGRPRĞFLą±FKRü GRVWU]HJDP\MHJRNRQVHNZHQFMH7DMHPQLFDFLHUSLHQLDWDNQDPDFDOQDZSRVWDFLQLHSHá .OX]Ä'\QDPL]PVDNUDPHQWyZFKU]WXLELHU]PRZDQLDZVáXĪELHEXGRZDQLD.RĞFLRáDMDNRGRPX´± .OX]Ä'\QDPL]PVDNUDPHQWyZFKU]WXLELHU]PRZDQLDZVáXĪELHEXGRZDQLD.RĞFLRáDMDNRGRPX´ .XU]\GáRÄ,QDF]HMVWZRU]RQ\SU]H]%RJD´ 0DULDQ$QWRQLHZLF]Ä&]áRZLHNVWZRU]RQ\QDREUD]LSRGRELHĔVWZR%RĪH,NRQDOQRĞüRVRE\OXG]NLHMZXMĊFLX SHUVRQDOLVW\F]Q\P´7HRORJLDZ3ROVFH± -DQ3DZHá,,Ä(QF\NOLND©'RPLQXPHW9LYL¿FDQWHPª2'XFKXĝZLĊW\PZĪ\FLX.RĞFLRáDLĞZLDWD´QUGRVWĊS KWWSZZZRSRNDRUJSOELEOLRWHND::3MDQBSDZHOBLLHQF\NOLNLGRPLQXPBKWPO -HDQ9DQLHUÄ1DXF]\üVLĊNRFKDü´ĝZLDWáRL&LHQLH
QRVSUDZQRĞFLOXG]NLHMMHVWF]ĊĞFLą%RĪHJRSODQX]EDZLHQLDLQDND]XMHVSRMU]HüQDĪ\FLH MDNRGDU%RJDNWyU\SU]\ELHUDWXWDMSRVWDüZH]ZDQLDGRZHMĞFLDZUHODFMĊ]QLHSHáQR VSUDZQ\PE\RGNU\üWĊSHáQLĊĪ\FLDNWyUHM]D]Z\F]DMQLHDNFHSWXMHP\SRQLHZDĪMHVW ]DWUXGQDGODUR]XPX =DNRĔF]HQLH -DQ3DZHá,,QDXF]DÄ2VREDQLHSHáQRVSUDZQDíPLPRZV]HONLFKRJUDQLF]HĔLFLHUSLHĔ MDNLHVąMHMXG]LDáHPíNDĪHQDPSRFK\OLüVLĊ]V]DFXQNLHPLPąGURĞFLąQDGWDMHPQLFą F]áRZLHND,PEDUG]LHMERZLHP]DJáĊELDP\VLĊZPURF]QHLQLH]QDQHREV]DU\OXG]NLHM U]HF]\ZLVWRĞFLW\POHSLHMUR]XPLHP\ĪHZáDĞQLHZV\WXDFMDFKQDMWUXGQLHMV]\FKLQDM EDUG]LHMQLHSRNRMąF\FKXMDZQLDVLĊJRGQRĞüLZLHONRĞüOXG]NLHMLVWRW\=UDQLRQHF]áRZLH F]HĔVWZRRVRE\QLHSHáQRVSUDZQHMMHVWGODQDVZ\]ZDQLHPDE\GRVWU]HF]DDNFHSWRZDü LXND]\ZDüZNDĪG\P]W\FKQDV]\FKEUDFLLVLyVWUQLH]UyZQDQąZDUWRĞüOXG]NLHMLVWRW\ NWyUą%yJVWZRU]\áSRWRDE\E\áDV\QHPZ6\QX´:W\PSU]HVáDQLXNU\MHVLĊQDM JáĊEV]HX]DVDGQLHQLHGODXG]LHODQLDZV]\VWNLFKVDNUDPHQWyZLQLFMDFMLFKU]HĞFLMDĔVNLHM RVRERPQLHSHáQRVSUDZQ\PLQWHOHNWXDOQLH:LHP\ĪHZLHOX]QLFK±SR]DFKU]WHPĞZ F]ĊVWRWHĪ(XFKDU\VWLą±QLJG\QLHRWU]\PDáRV]DQV\QDZáąF]HQLHLFKGRZVSyOQRW\RF]H NXMąFHM]HVáDQLD'XFKDĝZLĊWHJRĝZLDGF]\WR]MHGQHMVWURQ\ROĊNXIRUPDWRUyZ]GUX JLHMMHGQDN±MHVWZH]ZDQLHPGRXVá\V]HQLDZH]ZDQLD&KU\VWXVDNWyU\SRV\áDZĞZLDW QLH W\ONR Z]RURZ\FK F]\ PLHUQ\FK XF]QLyZ DOH NDĪGHJR NWyUHJR QDPDĞFLá ROHMHP FKU]WXĞZ5]HF]ąQDMLVWRWQLHMV]ąMHVW]DWHPE\QLH]DWUDFLüWHMZLDU\NWyUDNDĪHQDP SRGMąüRGSRZLHG]LDOQRĞü]DVLHELHQDZ]DMHP]ZáDV]F]D]DWURV]F]\üVLĊRW\FKQDMVáDE V]\FKNWyU]\QLHPDMąĞZLDGRPRĞFLGRF]HJR]RVWDOLSU]H]QDF]HQLMDNRFKU]HĞFLMDQLH 3RGVWDZRZ\PNU\WHULXPGHF\GXMąF\PRSRGMĊFLXSUDF\]PáRG]LHĪąQLHSHáQRVSUDZQą ZSU]\JRWRZDQLXGRVDNUDPHQWXELHU]PRZDQLDQLHPRJąE\üQDV]HOXG]NLHOĊNLLUR]F]D URZDQLDDOHPRF'XFKDĝZLĊWHJRNWyU\MHVW'XFKHPĩ\MąFHJR%RJD3RFLHV]\FLHOHP ĩDGQHRJUDQLF]HQLDF]\WRSV\FKLF]QHF]\PRUDOQHQLHPRJąXQLHPRĪOLZLüF]áRZLHNRZL SU]HREUDĪHQLDZXF]QLD3DQD. -DNRZVSyOQRWDSRGOHJDMąFDNV]WDáWRZDQLXIRUPRZDQLXSU]H]'XFKDĝZLĊWHJRSRZLQ QLĞP\SDPLĊWDüĪHRVRE\QLHSHáQRVSUDZQHLQWHOHNWXDOQLH]UDFMLVZRMHJRV]F]HJyOQHJR Z\EUDQLDSU]H]%RJDVąGDUHP]DNWyU\QDOHĪ\%RJXG]LĊNRZDüLWHQGDUSU]\Mąü3U]\ MĊFLHR]QDF]DWHĪ]RERZLą]DQLHNWyUHNDĪHVáXFKDüMDN%yJSU]HPDZLDGR.RĞFLRáD±FL VáDELZáDĞQLHNWyU\FK-H]XV&KU\VWXVQD]\ZDWHĪXERJLPLGXFKHPSU]\ZUDFDMąĞZLDWX QDG]LHMĊĪHSUDZG]LZDZDUWRĞüOHĪ\ZGDU]HVSRWNDQLDĝZLDWEĊG]LHRFDORQ\SU]HG]áHP W\ONRZyZF]DVJG\]UR]XPLHP\]QDF]HQLHWHJRGDUX$XF]\üVLĊPRĪHP\]SHZQRĞFLą RGQLHSHáQRVSUDZQ\FK6DNUDPHQWELHU]PRZDQLDNWyU\NRĔF]\SURFHVZWDMHPQLF]HQLD -DQ3DZHá,,Ä/XG]LHQDMVáDEVLLQDMEDUG]LHMSRWU]HEXMąF\ZĪ\FLXVSRáHF]HĔVWZD3U]HVáDQLHGRXF]HVWQLNyZPLĊ G]\QDURGRZHJRV\PSR]MXPQDWHPDW©*RGQRĞüLSUDZDRVRE\]XSRĞOHG]HQLHPXP\VáRZ\Pª´/¶2VVHUYDWRUH Romano .U]\V]WRI6RVQDÄ6DNUDPHQWELHU]PRZDQLDRVyE]QLHSHáQRSUDZQRĞFLąXP\VáRZą´6WXGLD3DVWRUDOQH ± 6RVQDÄ6DNUDPHQWELHU]PRZDQLDRVyE]QLHSHáQRSUDZQRĞFLąXP\VáRZą´
ZĪ\FLH7UyMMHG\QHJR%RJDGODF]áRZLHNDQLHSHáQRVSUDZQHJRLQWHOHNWXDOQLHMHVW]DWHP GRZRGHPĪH.RĞFLyáĪ\MHZ%RJXNWyU\QLHPDZ]JOĊGXQDRVRE\ %LEOLRJUD¿D $QWRQLHZLF]0DULDQÄ&]áRZLHNVWZRU]RQ\QDREUD]LSRGRELHĔVWZR%RĪH,NRQDOQRĞüRVRE\ OXG]NLHMZXMĊFLXSHUVRQDOLVW\F]Q\P´7HRORJLDZ3ROVFH±
%U]H]LQND = Ä6SRWNDQLH ] NWyUHJR QLNW QLH PRĪH E\ü Z\NOXF]RQ\´ Oligokatecheza 'RPDJDáD=\ĞN(ZDÄ2VREDFKRUDQLHSHáQRVSUDZQDFLHUSLąFDMDNRZH]ZDQLHGRSRV]X NLZDQLDVHQVX1DXF]DQLH-DQD3DZáD,,ZNRQWHNĞFLH©WHRORJLLQLHSHáQRVSUDZQRĞFLª -HDQD9DQLHUD´:-DQ3DZHá,,VWUyĪHPOXG]NLHMURG]LQ\UHG-DQĝOHG]LDQRZVNL7DGH XV]6DNRZLF]±.LHOFH '\UHNWRULXP'XV]SDVWHUVWZD5RG]LQQU '\UHNWRULXPNDWHFKHW\F]QH.RĞFLRáDNDWROLFNLHJRZ3ROVFHQU.UDNyZ
*U\]LHF 3LRWU 5RPDQ ÄàDVND VSRWNDQLD FKU]HĞFLMDQ ZHGáXJ ĞZ 3DZáD´ Ruch Biblijny
i Liturgiczny± -DQ3DZHá,,Ä(QF\NOLND©'RPLQXPHW9LYL¿FDQWHPª2'XFKXĝZLĊW\PZĪ\FLX.RĞFLRáD L ĞZLDWD´ QU 'RVWĊS KWWSZZZRSRNDRUJSOELEOLRWHND::3MDQB SDZHOBLLHQF\NOLNLGRPLQXPBKWPO -DQ3DZHá,,Ä+RPLOLDZ\JáRV]RQDSRGF]DV0V]\ĝZLĊWHM]XG]LHOHQLHPELHU]PRZDQLDJUX SLHQLHSHáQRVSUDZQ\FKFKáRSFyZ´:1DXF]DQLHSDSLHVNLH7,9±3R]QDĔ -DQ3DZHá,,Ä/LVWGRF]áRQNyZZVSyOQRW©:LDUDLĝZLDWáRª´ĝZLDWáRL&LHQLH± -DQ3DZHá,,Ä/XG]LHQDMVáDEVLLQDMEDUG]LHMSRWU]HEXMąF\ZĪ\FLXVSRáHF]HĔVWZD3U]HVáDQLH
GR XF]HVWQLNyZ PLĊG]\QDURGRZHJR V\PSR]MXP QD WHPDW ©*RGQRĞü L SUDZD RVRE\ ]XSRĞOHG]HQLHPXP\VáRZ\Pª´/¶2VVHUYDWRUH5RPDQR
-DQ 3DZHá ,, Ä3U]HPyZLHQLH GR ELVNXSyZ IUDQFXVNLFK PDMD U´ /¶2VVHUYDWRUH
Romano
-XFKD'Ä.DWHFKH]DVDNUDPHQWDOQDRVyE]XSRĞOHG]HQLHPXP\VáRZ\P´:W drodze do
]UR]XPLHQLD L ZLDU\ .DWHFKH]D RVyE V]F]HJyOQHM WURVNL 0DWHULDá\ ] 9, 6SRWNDQLD '\UHNWRUyZ:\G]LDáyZ.DWHFKHW\F]Q\FK.UDNyZ
.DWHFKL]P.RĞFLRáDNDWROLFNLHJR3R]QDĔ3DOORWWLQXP
.LFLĔVNL $QGU]HM Ä,WHU FKULVWLDQDH LQLWLDWLRQLV´ 7HRORJLF]QH 6WXGLD 3RGODVNLH ±
.LFLĔVNL$QGU]HMÄ.DWHFKH]DSU]HGELHU]PRZDQLHPRVyE]QLHSHáQRVSUDZQRĞFLąLQWHOHNWX DOQą´Roczniki Liturgiczne±
.LFLĔVNL$QGU]HMÄ3RV]XNLZDQLHWRĪVDPRĞFLNDWHFKHW\RVyEV]F]HJyOQHMWURVNL´Katecheta ±
.OX] 0DUHN Ä'\QDPL]P VDNUDPHQWyZ FKU]WX L ELHU]PRZDQLD Z VáXĪELH EXGRZDQLD .RĞFLRáDMDNRGRPX´/LWXUJLD6DFUD±
.RQVW\WXFMDGRJPDW\F]QDR.RĞFLHOHQU
.UDNRZLDN &]HVáDZ Ä1D]ZD VDNUDPHQWX ELHU]PRZDQLD´ Ruch Biblijny i Liturgiczny ±
.UDNRZLDN&]HVáDZÄ=WHRORJLLZWDMHPQLF]HQLDFKU]HĞFLMDĔVNLHJR´Ruch Biblijny i
Litur-giczny±
.XU]\GáR'DULXV]Ä,QDF]HMVWZRU]RQ\SU]H]%RJD3UDZRF]áRZLHNDQLHSHáQRVSUDZQHJRGR SR]QDQLD%RJD´:DUV]DZVNLH6WXGLD3DVWRUDOQH±
/DXVFK .DWDU]\QD Ä:\FKRZDQLH UHOLJLMQH XF]QLyZ JáĊELHM XSRĞOHG]RQ\FK XP\VáRZR´
W: 3U]HZRGQLNGODQDXF]\FLHOLXF]QLyZXSRĞOHG]RQ\FKXP\VáRZRZVWRSQLX]QDF]Q\P
LXPLDUNRZDQ\P&],UHG0DULD3LV]F]HN:DUV]DZD
0ąNRVD 3DZHá Ä7HUPLQRORJLF]QH SRGVWDZ\ NDWHFKH]\ PLVWDJRJLF]QHM´ Roczniki
Pasto-ralno-Katechetyczne±
3DWHU 'DULXV] Ä6DNUDPHQWDOQD REHFQRĞü &KU\VWXVD´ :DUV]DZVNLH 6WXGLD 3DVWRUDOQH ±
Rozen, Barbara. (GXNDFMD UHOLJLMQD RVyE ] QLHSHáQRVSUDZQRĞFLą LQWHOHNWXDOQą ± 2OV]W\Q 6RVQD.U]\V]WRIÄ.U\WHULDSU]\JRWRZDQLDGRVDNUDPHQWyZLQLFMDFMLFKU]HĞFLMDĔVNLHMRVyE QLHSHáQRVSUDZQ\FKXP\VáRZR´Oligokatecheza 6RVQD.U]\V]WRIÄ6DNUDPHQWELHU]PRZDQLDRVyE]QLHSHáQRSUDZQRĞFLąXP\VáRZą´6WXGLD Pastoralne ± 6]HOąJ-DQÄ3U]\MGĨFLHGRPQLHZV]\VF\´.RWZLFD 7RPNLHZLF]$%%RFKHĔVNDÄ:DUWRĞüRVRE\QLHSHáQRVSUDZQHMZVSRáHF]HĔVWZLHZĞZLH WOH QDXF]DQLD -DQD 3DZáD ,,´ : 3HGDJRJLND NDWROLFND =DJDGQLHQLD Z\EUDQH, red. $OLQD5\QLR±6WDORZD:ROD 9DQLHU-HDQÄ1DXF]\üVLĊNRFKDü´ĝZLDWáRL&LHQLH 6WUHV]F]HQLH .RĞFLyá]RVWDáSRZRáDQ\SU]H]-H]XVD&KU\VWXVDE\VWDQRZLáZVSyOQRWĊPLáRĞFLGODZV]\VW NLFKOXG]L-HVWWRZVSyOQRWDF]HUSLąFDPLáRĞüRG-H]XVD&KU\VWXVDNWyU\VZąREHFQRĞü XU]HF]\ZLVWQLDZHZ]DMHPQHMPLáRĞFL:WDNLPNRQWHNĞFLHDXWRUSUyEXMHRGF]\WDüSUDZR RVyE QLHSHáQRVSUDZQ\FK LQWHOHNWXDOQLH GR NRU]\VWDQLD ] GDUyZ VDNUDPHQWDOQ\FK Z W\P VDNUDPHQWXELHU]PRZDQLD6DNUDPHQWWHQRVWDWQL]VDNUDPHQWyZZWDMHPQLF]HQLDFKU]HĞFL MDĔVNLHJRGODRVyEQLHSHáQRVSUDZQ\FKLQWHOHNWXDOQLHQDZHWZVWRSQLXJáĊERNLPR]QDF]D GRĞZLDGF]HQLHPLáRĞFL%RJDZGUXJLPF]áRZLHNXLZHZVSyOQRFLH$XWRUXZDĪDĪHWDNLH RVRE\VWDQRZLąV]F]HJyOQ\GDUPLáRĞFL%RJDGODZVSyOQRW\NWyUDELHU]HQDVLHELHRGSRZLH G]LDOQRĞü]DNUXFKRĞüOXG]NLHJRĪ\FLD 6áRZDNOXF]RZHRVRE\QLHSHáQRVSUDZQHLQWHOHNWXDOQLHVDNUDPHQWELHU]PRZDQLD $EVWUDFW 7+(6$&5$0(172)&21),50$7,21)253(56216 :,7+,17(//(&78$/',6$%,/,7< 7KH&KXUFKZDVFDOOHGE\-HVXV&KULVWWREHDFRPPXQLW\RIORYHIRUHYHU\KXPDQEHLQJ7KDW FRPPXQLW\GUDZVORYHIURPOLIHRI-HVXV&KULVW+HDFWXDOL]HV+LVSUHVHQFHZKHQSHRSOHWU\
WRORYHRWKHUV,QWKDWFRQWH[WWKHDXWKRURISXEOLFDWLRQWULHVWRIRFXVRQULJKWVRIPHQWDOO\ GLVDEOHGSHRSOHWKH\QHHGWKHVDFUDPHQWDOJLIWVDVZHOODVHYHU\&KULVWLDQ$QGWKHVDFUDPHQW RIFRQ¿UPDWLRQLVDOVRGHHSO\LPSRUWDQW7KLVLVWKHODVWRIVDFUDPHQWVRILQLWLDWLRQ)RUWKH PHQWDOO\HYHQLQGHHSHVWGHJUHHGLVDEOHGSHRSOHWKDWIDFWPHDQVDQH[SHULHQFHRIORYHLQ RWKHUVDQGFRPPXQLW\7KHDXWKRUFODLPVWKDWVXFKSHRSOHDUHYHU\VSHFLDOJLIWIRUWKHFRP PXQLW\ZKLFKLVUHVSRQVLEOHIRUWKHIUDJLOHDVSHFWRIKXPDQOLIH 7UDQVODWHGE\NV7RPDV]0ĊGUHN .H\ZRUGVSHUVRQVZLWKLQWHOOHFWXDOGLVDELOLWLHVWKHVDFUDPHQWRIFRQ¿UPDWLRQ