Der Tod nach Boethius in der Consolatio philosophiae

3DZHá0LHOQLN

'(572'1$&+%2(7+,86

IN DER

&2162/$7,23+,/2623+,$(

(LQOHLWXQJ %HYRUZLUGDV7KHPDEHUGHQ7RGLQGHUConsolatio«HU|UWHUQVROOWHQZLUQRFKHWZDV EHUGDV/HEHQGHV$XWRUVDQIKUHQ'LHVH5HLKHQIROJHLVWJDQ]QDWUOLFKHVN|QQWH QlPOLFK NHLQHQ 7RG JHEHQ ZHQQ HV GDYRU NHLQ /HEHQ JHEHQ ZUGH 'DV /HEHQ YRQ %RHWKLXVH[SOL]LW$QLFLXV0DQOLXV6HYHULQXV%RHWKLXVEHJDQQLP-DKU1DFKGHP IUKHQ7RGVHLQHV9DWHUVZXUGHHULQGLH)DPLOLHGHV4$XUHOLXV0HPPLXV6\PPDFKXV DXIJHQRPPHQ1LFKWQXUGHXWOLFKH$N]HQWHLQGHUConsolatio«DXFKGLH:LGPXQJGHU ]ZHLDQGHUHQ6FKULIWHQYRQ%RHWKLXVQlPOLFKDe trinitate und Institutio arithmetica DQVHLQHQ3ÀHJHYDWHUGHXWHQGDUDXIKLQGDVVGHU%HWUHXHU%RHWKLXVGDQNVHLQHUJXWHQ $XVELOGXQJGHUUHFKWH*HVSUlFKVSDUWQHUXQGJHLVWLJH0HQWRUVHLQHV$GRSWLYVRKQHVZDU 'LHVHUVRUJWHDXFKGDIUGDVV%RHWKLXVHLQHKHUYRUUDJHQGH$XVELOGXQJJHQLH‰HQNRQQWH 'DPDOLJHV=HQWUXPGHVSKLORVRSKLVFKHQXQGNXOWXUHOOHQ/HEHQVZDU$OH[DQGULD'LH $NDGHPLHLQ$WKHQVSLHOWHQDFKGHP7RGHGHV3URNORVQ&KUGDJHJHQHLQHXQWHUJH RUGQHWH5ROOH'LH+LVWRULNHUMHGRFK¿QGHQNHLQHEHUHLQVWLPPHQGH0HLQXQJZRJHQDX %RHWKLXVVHLQH$XVELOGXQJHUKLHOW_{6LFKHULVWQXUGDVVHU]XGHQDXIJHNOlUWHQ0HQVFKHQ} VHLQHU=HLWJHK|UWH'DVEH]HXJWGHU8PIDQJVHLQHU:HUNHGLHVRZRKOSKLORVRSKLVFKH ORJLVFKHXQGUKHWRULVFKH6FKULIWHQDOVDXFKWKHRORJLVFKH7UDNWDWHHQWKDOWHQ6HLQHZLV VHQVFKDIWOLFKHQ9HU|൵HQWOLFKXQJHQEHJDQQ%RHWKLXVPLWGHPVFKRQHUZlKQWHQ:HUNDe

institutione arithmetica$OVOHW]WHV:HUNHQWVWDQGGLHConsolatio«'D]ZLVFKHQJDEHV

YLHOHDQGHUHhEHUVHW]XQJHQ.RPPHQWDUHXQG/HKUVFKULIWHQ(UZDUEHVWLPPWHLQHUGHU

VFK|SIHULVFKVWHQ6FKULIWVWHOOHUVHLQHU=HLWGHQJU|‰WHQ5XKPDEHUEUDFKWHLKPGLHCon-solatio«6LHHQWVWDQGLQGHUGUDPDWLVFKHQ6LWXDWLRQLQGLH%RHWKLXV]XP6FKOXVVVHL

QHV /HEHQV JHULHW 9RUKHU IKUWH HU HLQ VHKU JOFNOLFKHV /HEHQ 1DFK VHLQHQ 6WXGLHQ KHLUDWHWHHUGLH7RFKWHUVHLQHV3ÀHJHYDWHUV6\PPDFKXV5XVWLFLDQD%RHWKLXVEHVFKHL QLJWVHOEVWGDVVGLHVH%H]LHKXQJVHKUJHOXQJHQZDU$XVGHP%XQGPLW5XVWLFLDQDVWDP PHQ]ZHL6|KQHZHOFKHLP-DKUHGDV$PWYRQ.RQVXOQEHNOHLGHWKDWWHQ'LHVZDU  _{.VPJU3DZHá0LHOQLNGRNWRUDQWQDVHPLQDULXPNVSURIGUKDE:áDG\VáDZD=X]LDNDNDWHGUDHW\NL83-3,,} Z.UDNRZLH$GUHVGRNRUHVSRQGHQFML.UDNyZXOES:%DQGXUVNLHJRHPDLOSDXOXVP#JPDLO FRP  _{-RDFKLP*UXEHU.RPPHQWDU]X%RHWKLXV'HFRQVRODWLRQHSKLORVRSKLDH%HUOLQ±} 2017 nr 24 '2,VNN

 IUGLH(OWHUQQDWUOLFKHLQHJUR‰H(KUHZREHL%RHWKLXVVHOEVWVFKRQIUKHUGHQ*ODQ] GHU.RQVXOVZUGHJHQRVVHQKDWWH$OVHLQ]LJHVIHVWHV'DWXPLQVHLQHP/HEHQNHQQHQ ZLUVHLQ.RQVXODWVMDKU6SlWHUWUXJHUDXFKDQGHUHKRFKZUGLJH7LWHOZLHMagis-WHUR৽FLRUXPRGHU.DQ]OHUDP+RIGHV2VWJRWHQN|QLJV7KHRGHULFKLQ5DYHQQD'LHVH *OFNVWUlKQHIDQGDEHUOHW]WHQGOLFKLKU(QGH'LHJUR‰H3ROLWLNZDUIULKQGLH4XHOOHGHU (KUHQDEHUSDUDGR[HUZHLVHDXFKGHU*UXQGVHLQHUJU|‰WHQ3UREOHPH'HU+DXSWIDNWRU GLH6SDQQXQJ]ZLVFKHQGHPRVWU|PLVFKHQ.DLVHUWXPXQGREHQJHQDQQWHP7KHRGHULFK ,P+HUEVWZXUGHQ%ULHIHYRQIKUHQGHQU|PLVFKHQ6HQDWRUHQDQGHQ.DLVHU-XV WLQLDQDEJHIDQJHQGXUFKZHOFKHEHVRQGHUVHLQ:UGHQWUlJHU$OELQXVNRPSURPLWWLHUW ZXUGH%RHWKLXVYHUEUJWHVLFKIUGHVVHQ8QVFKXOGXQGHUNOlUWHGLH6DFKHGHV$OELQXV ]XVHLQHUHLJHQHQ3UREOHPDWLNXQGGHUGHVJDQ]HV6HQDWHV'DGXUFKUFNWHHUGHQ6HQDW XQGVLFKLQGDV=HQWUXPGHU$QNODJH'HU6HQDWHQW]RJVLFKVFKQHOOGHU*HIDKUGLHEHU LKPVFKZHEWHXQGKLHOWVLFKLQGLHVHUVFKZLHULJHQ6LWXDWLRQ]XUFN'HULP6WLFKJHODV sene 0DJLVWHUR৽FLRUXPZXUGHYRQVHLQHP$PWVXVSHQGLHUWXQGQDFK3DYLDJHEUDFKW 'HQ$QJHNODJWHQNRQQWHQGHUQHXH$PWVQDFKIROJHUYRQ%RHWKLXV±&DVVLRGRU±XQGGHU HLQVDPH6\PPDFKXVQLFKWUHWWHQ,P6RPPHUZXUGH%RHWKLXV]XP7RGHYHUXUWHLOW XQGVHLQ9HUP|JHQHLQJH]RJHQ(LQSDDU0RQDWHVSlWHULP2NWREHUZXUGHHUPLW GHP6FKZHUWKLQJHULFKWHW%RHWKLXVEOLHEVRPLWFLUFDHLQ-DKUZlKUHQGVHLQHV$XIHQW KDOWVLP*HIlQJQLVLQ3DYLDXQGVFKULHELQGLHVHU=HLWGLH&RQVRODWLR«QLHGHU,QVROFK GUDPDWLVFKHP=XVWDQGVWHKW%RHWKLXVLQGHU7UDGLWLRQGHU$XWRUHQGLHVLFKVHOEVWWU|V WHQÄ&LFHURKDWDOVHUVWHUHLQH7URVWVFKULIWDQVLFKVHOEVWJHULFKWHW$XFK2YLGV(SLVWXODH H[3RQWRXQGTristiaN|QQHQDOV.RQVRODWLRQVVFKULIWHQGLHDQVLFKVHOEVWJHULFKWHWVLQG YHUVWDQGHQZHUGHQ6HQHFDWU|VWHWVLFKLQVHLQHU9HUEDQQXQJVHOEVWZLUGDEHUGXUFKGLH :LGPXQJGHU7URVWVFKULIWDQVHLQHWUDXHUQGH0XWWHUDOV%HWUR൵HQHUVHOEVW]XPconsola-tor'LHVH5ROOHHQWZLFNHOW%RHWKLXVZHLWHU,QGHU*HVWDOWGHU3KLORVRSKLHWU|VWHWHUVLFK VHOEVWLKUWULWWHUDEHUDXFKDOVconsolandusJHJHQEHU³_{%RHWKLXVZDUVLFKEHZXVVWGDVV} GLH&KDQFHDXIHLQH%HJQDGLJXQJlX‰HUVWJHULQJZDU'HVKDOEEHWUL൵WGLHVHU7URVWQLFKW QXUGLH8QJHUHFKWLJNHLWXQGGLH8QJHZLVVKHLWGLHVHV/HEHQVVRQGHUQDXFKGLH$QJVWYRU GHP7RGZDVLPJDQ]HQ:HUNDXFKVSUEDULVW%HYRUZLUYRP+DXSWWKHPDEHWUH൵HQGH $EVFKQLWWHDQDO\VLHUHQZROOHQZLUDXFKEHUSUIHQZLHJUR‰HSKLORVRSKLVFKH0HQWR UHQYRQ%RHWKLXV±QlPOLFK3ODWRQXQGVHLQH1DFKIROJHU±GLHVHV7KHPDYHUVWDQGHQXQG EHDUEHLWHWHQ'LHVLVWQ|WLJXPGLH+DOWXQJ%RHWKLXV¶ULFKWLJ]XGHXWHQ 'HU7RGQDFK9RUJlQJHUQ 'DV7KHPD7RGLVWHLQHVGHUZLFKWLJVWHQ±XQG]ZDUQLFKWQXULQGHU3KLORVRSKLHDXFKLQ GHU/LWHUDWXUXQGLQGHUPHQVFKOLFKHQ*HGDQNHQZHOWEHUKDXSWZDVQLFKWHUVWDXQOLFKLVW 'HU7RGEHWUL൵WXQVDOOHRKQH8QWHUVFKLHG6HLQH3UlVHQ]EOHLEWIUHLQGHQNHQGHV:HVHQ LPPHUHLQ*HKHLPQLV.HLQH$XVQDKPHELOGHQKLHUJOHLFKHUPD‰HQ0HQVFKHQXQG3KLOR VRSKHQGHU$QWLNHZLH%RHWKLXVXQGVHLQH9RUJlQJHU =ZHLIHOORVLVW3ODWRQLQGLHVHU*UXSSHGLHEHGHXWHQGVWH3HUVRQZDVDXFK]DKOUHLFKH $EVFKQLWWHLQGHU&RQVRODWLR«EHVWlWLJHQ6RPLWLVWHVQ|WLJXQGYHUQQIWLJVHLQH6WHO  _{Gruber, .RPPHQWDU]X%RHWKLXV'HFRQVRODWLRQHSKLORVRSKLDH±}

 OXQJJHQDXHU]XEHOHXFKWHQ8PGDV3KlQRPHQGHV7RGHV]XYHUVWHKHQPXVVPDQ]XHUVW IUDJHQ8PZHVVHQ7RGKDQGHOWHVVLFK"=XHUVWVWHOOHQZLUGLH)UDJHQDFKGHP:HVHQ GHU0HQVFKHQ:LHIUDQGHUHKHOOHQLVWLVFKH3KLORVRSKHQLVWDXFKIU3ODWRQGHU0HQVFK HLQHORFNHUH9HUELQGXQJYRQ/HLEXQG6HHOH)ULKQMHGRFKLVWQLFKWGLHVH9HUELQGXQJ VRQGHUQGLH6HHOHVHOEVWGLH'H¿QLWLRQGHV0HQVFKHQ,QVHLQHUDQWKURSRORJLVFKHQ$XI IDVVXQJELOGHWGHU/HLEQXUHLQHEOR‰H%HODVWXQJIUGLH6HHOH'HVKDOENRQ]HQWULHUWVLFK GDVJDQ]H,QWHUHVVH3ODWRQVYRUDOOHPDXIVLHXQGVHLQHSKLORVRSKLVFKH$QWKURSRORJLHLVW ZHVHQWOLFK3V\FKRORJLH_{Ä6RODQJHZLUPLWGHP.|USHUEHKDIWHWVLQGXQGXQVHUH6HHOHPLW} GLHVHPhEHOYHUZDFKVHQLVWZHUGHQZLUQLHPDOVLPYROOHQ0D‰HUUHLFKHQZRQDFKZLU VWUHEHQGLH:DKUKHLW'HQQWDXVHQGHUOHL8QUXKHYHUXUVDFKWXQVGHU.|USHUVFKRQGXUFK GLHQRWZHQGLJH6RUJHIUGLH(UQlKUXQJIHUQHUHUIOOWHUXQVPLWDOOHUOHL/LHEHVYHUODQ JHQPLW%HJLHUGHQXQGbQJVWHQXQGDOOHUKDQG(LQELOGXQJHQXQGYLHOHUOHL7DQG.XU] HUYHUVHW]WXQVLQHLQHQ=XVWDQGLQGHPPDQVR]XVDJHQJDUQLFKWUHFKW]XU%HVLQQXQJ NRPPW'HQQDXFK.ULHJH$XIUXKUXQG6FKODFKWHQVLQGHLQH)ROJHGHV.|USHUVXQG VHLQHU%HJLHUGHQ'HQQXPGHQ(UZHUEYRQ+DEXQG*XWKDQGHOWHVVLFKEHLGHU(QWVWH KXQJDOOHU.ULHJH+DEXQG*XWDEHUVHKHQZLUXQVJH]ZXQJHQ]XHUZHUEHQXPGHV.|U SHUVZLOOHQGHVVHQ$QVSUFKHEHIULHGLJWVHLQZROOHQ³56ROFKH9RUZUIHPDFKW3ODWRQ GHP.|USHULQVHLQHP'LDORJPhaidon'LHVHV:HUNEHWUL൵WJDQ]JHQDXGDV7KHPDYRQ 0HQVFK6HHOHXQG(VFKDWRORJLHZHOFKHVGXUFKGHQEHUKPWHQ7RGYRQ3ODWRQV0HLVWHU 6RNUDWHVLQVSLULHUWZXUGH1LFKWQXUIU3ODWRQDXFKDOOJHPHLQLVWGDV6FKLFNVDOGHV6RN UDWHVHLQHVGHUZHVHQWOLFKHQ7KHPHQGHUDEHQGOlQGLVFKHQ*HLVWHVJHVFKLFKWH'LH6RNUD WHVJHVWDOWGHUSODWRQLVFKHQ6FKULIWHQLVWYRQ]HQWUDOHU%HGHXWXQJ3ODWRQVSULFKWRIWVHLQH ,GHHQLP1DPHQ6RNUDWHVDXVQLFKWQXULPPhaidonDXFKLP(XWK\SKURQLPKriton und in der $SRORJLH6,PHUVWHQ'LDORJWUL൵W(FKHNUDWHV3KDLGRQHLQHQ6FKOHUGHV6RNUDWHV XQGELWWHWLKQYRQGHQOHW]WHQ6WXQGHQVHLQHV0HLVWHUV]XHU]lKOHQZR]XGLHVHUJHUQH EHUHLWLVW$XVGHQ:RUWHQ6RNUDWHVIROJWGDVVGDVJDQ]HSKLORVRSKLVFKH'DVHLQQLFKWV DQGHUHVDOVHLQH9RUEHUHLWXQJDXIGHQ7RGVHLE]ZVHOEVWVFKRQHLQEHVWlQGLJHV6WHUEHQ 'LHVHU'HXWXQJLVWYHUVWlQGOLFKZHQQPDQGDV:HVHQGHU6HHOHZLH6RNUDWHVvel3ODWRQ VLHKW,QGLHVHP3XQNWZDUHUJDQ]DQGHUHU0HLQXQJDOVIUKHUH1DWXUSKLORVRSKHQ)U LKQQlPOLFKZDUGLH6HHOHLPPDWHULHOO3ODWRQNDQQWHDEHUDXFKGLH/HKUHEHUGLH6LQ QHQVHHOH,P6WDDWHUZlKQWHHUGUHL6HHOHQDVSHNWHGLH9HUQXQIW±RGHU*HLVWVHHOH±GLH LPUHLQHQ'HQNHQXQGXQVLQQOLFKHQ6FKDXHQDXIJHKWGLHPXWKDIWH6HHOHGHUGLHHGOH UHQ(UUHJXQJHQZLH0XW+R൵QXQJRGHU=RUQ]XJHK|UHQXQGGLH%HJLHUGHQVHHOHLQGHU QLHGHUH7ULHEHZLH/XVWXQG8QOXVWLKUHQ6LW]KDEHQ2EZRKOGLHVH6HHOHQDVSHNWHDXFK DOVÄ7HLOH³LQ.RSI%UXVWXQG8QWHUOHLEGL൵HUHQ]LHUWORNDOLVLHUWZHUGHQN|QQHQQLPPW 3ODWRQVLFKHUQXUHLQHHLQ]LJH0HQVFKHQVHHOHDQ'HU0HQVFKEHVWHKWDXV6HHOHXQG/HLE QLFKWDXV6HHOHQXQG/HLE6RPLWEOHLEWQRFKGLH)UDJHR൵HQZLHLVWHVP|JOLFKGLHVHQ 'XDOLVPXV]XVFKW]HQZHQQGLHGUHL6HHOHQWHLOHVRYHUVFKLHGHQDUWLJ]XVHLQVFKHLQHQ"  _{-RKDQQHV+LUVFKEHUJHU*HVFKLFKWHGHU3KLORVRSKLH%G$OWHUWXPXQG0LWWHODOWHU)UHLEXUJLP%UHLVJDX}  5 _{3ODWRQPhaidonE]LWQDFK5RPDQR*XDUGLQL'HU7RGGHV6RNUDWHV(LQH,QWHUSUHWDWLRQGHUSODWRQLVFKHQ} 6FKULIWHQ(XWK\SKURQ$SRORJLH.ULWRQXQG3KDLGRQ%HUQ 6 _{Guardini, 'HU7RGGHV6RNUDWHV(LQH,QWHUSUHWDWLRQGHUSODWRQLVFKHQ6FKULIWHQ(XWK\SKURQ$SRORJLH.ULWRQXQG} Phaidon

 'LH$QWZRUW¿QGHWPDQLPPhaidon'LH6HHOHLVWIU3ODWRQZLHVLFKDXVVHLQHU/HKUH EHULKUH8QVWHUEOLFKNHLWVRIRUWHUJLEWHLQHXQVLFKWEDUHJHLVWLJHEHULUGLVFKH:HVHQKHLW QlPOLFKGLH:HOWVHHOHZLHDXFK0HQVFKHQVHHOH8QGVRVHKHQZLUGDVVGLH5HGHYRQGHQ EHLGHQQLHGHUHQ6HHOHQWHLOHQQXUGHU7DWVDFKH5HFKQXQJWUDJHQZLOOGDVVGLHPHQVFK OLFKH*HLVWVHHOHPLWGHP/HLELQ9HUELQGXQJVWHKW'LHVH9HUELQGXQJYHUODQJWYRQGHU 6HHOHGDVVVLHDXFKDOV%HZHJXQJVSULQ]LSXQGYHJHWDWLYHV/HEHQLKUH5ROOHVSLHOW1DFK DOWHUSKLORVRSKLVFKHU7UDGLWLRQXQWHUVFKHLGHWPDQ]ZHLHUOHL%HZHJXQJHLQHVROFKHGLH LKUHQ$QVWR‰YRQDX‰HQHUKlOWXQGHLQHGLHDXI*UXQGHLJHQHU.UDIWXQGYRQLQQHQ KHUDXVHUIROJW±GLH6HOEVWEHZHJXQJ6LHVLHKWPDQEHUDOOZR/HEHQLVWXQGZDU6LHLVW ZLHGHUGHU6HHOHJOHLFK]XVHW]HQ'LH6HHOHJLOWDOVRQLFKWQXUDOV*HLVWXQG%HZXVVWVHLQ VRQGHUQDXFKDOV/HEHQVSULQ]LS =ZDUPXVVMHGHU0HQVFKVWHUEHQDEHUGDVLVWVR]XVDJHQQXUHLQH+DOEZDKUKHLW3ODWRQ QLPPWGDV6WHUEHQDOVGLDOHNWLVFKHQ'XUFKJDQJ]XP*HERUHQZHUGHQ%HLGHV]XVDPPHQ EH]LHKWVLFKDXIHLQ]XJUXQGHOLHJHQGHV(LJHQWOLFKHVQlPOLFKGLHXQ]HUVW|UEDUH6HHOH 'DGXUFKHUVFKHLQWGHU7RGDOVHWZDVGDVQLFKWDEJHVFKORVVHQLQVLFKVWHKWVRQGHUQHU ZLUG]XHLQHP7HLOYRUJDQJLQHLQHPEHUJUHLIHQGHQ*DQ]HQ'HVKDOENDQQHUGHQ7RG DOVGLH7UHQQXQJYRP/HLEGH¿QLHUHQXQGGDV7RGVHLQDOVGHQ=XVWDQGZRULQGLH6HHOH YRP/HLEHJHWUHQQWIUVLFKDOOHLQOHEW'DVVHVZLUNOLFKVRLVW]HLJWDXFKGLH/HKUHEHU GDV(UNHQQHQDOV:LHGHUHULQQHUXQJMenon'LHULFKWLJHXQGVLFKHUH.HQQWQLVNDQQ MHGHU0HQVFKQXUGDQNGHU,GHHQJHZLQQHQ'LHVH$UWGHV(UNHQQHQVLVWIUGLH6HHOH P|JOLFKZHLO6LHDOOHLQGHQXQPLWWHOEDUHQ=XJDQJ]XU:DKUKHLWKDW,QHLQHUPLWGHP .|USHULQ9HUELQGXQJEOHLEHQGHQ6HHOHN|QQHQGLH,GHHQQXUGXUFKGLH:LHGHUHULQQH UXQJHUNDQQWZHUGHQGDVLHIUKHUGDVKHL‰WYRUGHUOHLEOLFKHQ*HEXUWGLHVHQ=XJUL൵ KDWWH'LH:LHGHUHULQQHUXQJEHVWlWLJWGDVVGLH6HHOHYRUGHU*HEXUWH[LVWLHUWH'HP]X IROJHEOHLEWNHLQ+LQGHUQLVXP]XGHQNHQGDVVVLHXQDEKlQJLJYRP.|USHUH[LVWLHUWXQG DXFKEHUGHQ7RGKLQDXVEHVWHKHQNDQQ$XVGLHVHP*HGDQNHQJDQJHUJLEWVLFKDXFKGLH 5ROOHMHGHV3KLORVRSKHQ'HUHFKWH3KLORVRSKO|VWVLFKGXUFKGHQ6LQQGHV3KLORVRSKLH UHQVVHOEVWZlKUHQGVHLQHVJDQ]HQ/HEHQVYRP/HLEOLFKHQDE'HU7RGYRQ6RNUDWHV]HLJW GHXWOLFKZLHGDV6WHUEHQGLHULFKWLJH$XIJDEHGHV3KLORVRSKHQLVW,QGLHVHP0RPHQWLVW HUGHU:DKUKHLWVRQDKHZLHQRFKQLHLQVHLQHPLUGLVFKHQ/HEHQ'HVKDOEVDJW6RNUDWHV EHUVHLQH6HHOHGDVVVLHVLFKYRUEHUHLWHQVROOLQGHPVLHVLFKÄUHLQ«YRP.|USHUOLFKHQ» DEWUHQQWXQGQLFKWVYRP/HLEHPLWVLFKQLPPWZHLOVLHVFKRQLP/HEHQIUHLZLOOLJHUZHLVH NHLQH*HPHLQVFKDIWPLWLKPKDWWHLKQYLHOPHKUÀRKXQGLQVLFKVHOEVWJHVDPPHOWEOLHE GDVLHLPPHUXPGLHVHV«=LHO»EHPKWZDU±ZDVDEHUQLFKWVDQGHUHVEHGHXWHWDOVGDVV VLHDXIGLHUHFKWH:HLVHSKLORVRSKLHUWHXQGZLUNOLFKIUHXGLJEHVWUHEWZDUWRW]XVHLQ 2GHUKHL‰WGDVDOOHVQLFKWVLFKXPGHQ7RGEHPKHQ³7"'DV'UDPDGHV7RGHVLVWDOVR GDGXUFKVFKZDFKJHZRUGHQ$EHUHVJLEWQRFKHLQHQDQGHUHQ*UXQGGDIUEHNDQQWOLFK GLHSODWRQLVFKH/HKUHYRQGHU6HHOHQZDQGHUXQJ1DFKLKUHU(QWVWHKXQJZLUGMHGH6HHOH DXIGLHVRJHQDQQWHQÄ:HUN]HXJHGHU=HLW³YHUSÀDQ]W'LHHUVWH*HEXUWLVWIUDOOHJOHLFK $P(QGHGLHVHVHUVWHQ/HEHQVPXVVVLHPLWGHPVWHUEOLFKHQ/HLE]XVDPPHQLP7RWHQJH ULFKWDQWUHWHQXP5HFKHQVFKDIW]XJHEHQEHULKUH/HEHQVIKUXQJDXI(UGHQ-HQDFK 7 3ODWRQPhaidonH±D]LWQDFK*XDUGLQL'HU7RGGHV6RNUDWHV(LQH,QWHUSUHWDWLRQGHUSODWRQLVFKHQ6FKULI-WHQ(XWK\SKURQ$SRORJLH.ULWRQXQG3KDLGRQ

 GHPZLHJXWRGHUVFKOHFKWVLHEHXUWHLOWZHUGHQZLUGZLUGVLHLQGLH*H¿OGHGHU6HOLJHQ HLQJHKHQRGHUYHUVHW]WDXIGLHXQWHULUGLVFKHQ6WUDISOlW]H%HLGHU]ZHLWHQ*HEXUWHUZlKOW VLFK MHGH 6HHOH VHOEVW GLH NQIWLJH /HEHQVEDKQ ZRULQ GLH HLJHQWOLFKH *HIDKU IU GHQ 0HQVFKHQOLHJW0LWMHGHU/HEHQVIRUPE]ZMHGHP/HLELVWDXFKHLQ6FKLFNVDOYHUEXQGHQ (VN|QQWHVHLQGDVVGLH6HHOHGHQEHVWHQ/HLEHLQHV3KLORVRSKHQHUZlKOWDEHUHVLVWDXFK P|JOLFKDXIGHQVFKOLPPVWHQ/HLEHLQHV7\UDQQHQ]XWUH൵HQ'LHPHLVWHQWUH൵HQLKUH :DKOJHPl‰LKUHUIUKHUHQ/HEHQVJHZRKQKHLWHQ'LH6HHOHLVWVHOEVWIULKUH=XNXQIW YHUDQWZRUWOLFKREZRKOVLHLQLKUHUYHUJDQJHQHQ/HEHQV]HLWSHUVHVRJHIKUWXQGGDPLW JHIRUPWKDWWHGDVVVLHQXQHQWVSUHFKHQGKDQGHOWH-HQDFKGHPZLHVHKUGLH6HHOHLQLKUHU /HEHQV]HLWPHKURGHUZHQLJHUPLWGHQHZLJHQ,GHHQXQG:DKUKHLWHQ]XWXQKDWWHZLUG VLHLQLKUHQVSlWHUHQ,QNDUQDWLRQHQHLQHK|KHUHRGHUQLHGHUHUH6WXIHHUUHLFKHQ8QGGDV DOOHVXPHLQHIUKHUH+HLPNHKU]XHUOHEHQQDFKGHURKQHKLQODQJHGDXHUQGHQ:DQGH UXQJ'DQQZLUGGHUJDQ]H9HUODXIYRQ1HXHPEHJLQQHQ8QWHUGLHVHP*HVLFKWVSXQNWLVW QLFKWGHU7RGVRQGHUQGDV/HEHQGHUVFKZLHULJVWH7HLOMHGHU([LVWHQ] 'LHVHU*HGDQNHSUlJWVHKUVWDUNGLH$QVLFKWHQVSlWHUHU3KLORVRSKHQ=XGLHVHU*UXSSH JHK|UHQYRUDOOHPGLH1HXSODWRQLNHUGLHVLFKVHOEVWDOOHUGLQJVDOVGLHHFKWHQ(UEHQ3OD WRQVIKOWHQ$OVGHUHLJHQWOLFKH6FK|SIHUGLHVHUSKLORVRSKLVFKHQ6FKXOHJLOW3ORWLQ ELVQ&KUGHUVHLWGHP-DKUHHLQHJUR‰H:LUNXQJLQGHUU|PLVFKHQ*HVHOO VFKDIWDXVEWH3ORWLQOHKUWHQlPOLFKVHLQH3KLORVRSKLHQLFKWQXUHUOHEWHVLHDXFKZDV LQGHQVFKZLHULJHQ=HLWHQGHUNXOWXUHOOHQ.ULVHHLQHVHKUZLFKWLJH5ROOHVSLHOWH6RIDQG VHLQH3KLORVRSKLHLKUH*UXQGDUJXPHQWHQLFKWQXULQGHUEOR‰HQ%FKHUZHLVKHLWVRQGHUQ DXFKLQVEHVRQGHUHLQGHU/HEHQVIRUPGHV0HLVWHUV6HOEVWGHUGDPDOLJH.DLVHU*DOOLHQXV EOLHEXQWHUVHLQHP(LQÀXVVXQGZLHHLQLJHKLVWRULVFKH4XHOOHQLQIRUPLHUHQHUZRJHU GHQ3ODQGHV3ORWLQHLQH6WDGWQDFKGHP0XVWHUGHUSODWRQLVFKHQPoliteia]XJUQGHQ 'DV]HLJWGHXWOLFKZLHZLFKWLJVHLQH/HKUHIUGLHMHQLJHQZDUGLHPLWGHU3KLORVRSKLH EHVFKlIWLJW ZDUHQ =X *UXQGH GLHVHU QHRSODWRQLVFKHQ 3KLORVRSKLH OLHJW YRU DOOHP GLH hEHU]HXJXQJYRQGHP'XDOLVPXVGHUGLH:HOWDXIGLHLGHDOHXQGPDWHULHOOHWHLOW3ORWLQ YHUVXFKWHGLH:HOW]XYHUV|KQHQ'DIUEUDXFKWHHUHLQHQEHVRQGHUHQ%HJUL൵GHV6HLQV 'DV6HLQLVWQDFKLKPQLFKWPHKUQXUGDVZDVLVWVRQGHUQDXFKGDVZDVZLUG'LH G\QDPLVFKH$X൵DVVXQJGHUJDQ]HQ5HDOLWlWHUP|JOLFKWHGHQ$XIEDXHLQHVPRQLVWLVFKHQ 6\VWHPVZRGDV6HLQ(LQLVWXQGGLH:HOWVHLQHU(QWZLFNOXQJRGHUZLH3ORWLQVDJWH (PDQDWLRQLVW'DV(LQHZUGHEHUVWU|PHQREVHLQHU)OOHRKQHVLFKGDEHLMH]XYHU VWU|PHQVRlKQOLFKZLHGLH6RQQH/LFKWVSHQGHWRKQHMHHLQH(LQEX‰H]XHUOHLGHQ'LH JDQ]H:HOWKDWLKUHQ8UVSUXQJLP(LQHQ$EHULKUH9ROONRPPHQKHLWKlQJWYRQGHPDE ZLHZHLWLKUH(OHPHQWHYRQGHP(LQHQHQWIHUQWVLQG(VPLQGHUWVLFKPHKUXQGPHKUMH ZHLWHUZLUKHUDEVWHLJHQZLHXQVGDVREHQHUZlKQWH%HLVSLHOPLWGHP/LFKW]HLJWGDV PLWGHU(QWIHUQXQJLPPHUVFKZlFKHUZLUGELVZLUVFKOLH‰OLFKLP.|USHUOLFKHQQXUQRFK 6FKDWWHQKDEHQ'DMHGHU0HQVFKHLQH9HUELQGXQJ]ZLVFKHQGHQJHLVWLJHQXQGN|USHU OLFKHQ(OHPHQWHQLVWPVVHQZLUMHW]WNXU]GLH&KDUDNWHULVWLNGLHVHUEHLGHQYRUVWHOOHQ XPGHQ0RPHQWGHV7RGHVEHVVHUGDU]XVWHOOHQXQGVRPLWDXFKULFKWLJ]XYHUVWHKHQZDV HLJHQWOLFKLQGLHVHPNULWLVFKHQ3XQNWSDVVLHUW =XHUVWVROOHQZLUEHPHUNHQGDVVGLHVHGLDOHNWLVFKH9HUELQGXQJVFKRQLQGHQ0\WKHQ GHXWOLFKLVW'HU0HQVFKZLUGYRQ3URPHWKHXVDXVGHU$VFKHGHU7LWDQHQGHU.LQGHU GHV*RWWHV.URQRVJHVFKD൵HQÄ'DJHJHQKDWWH3ODWRQGDV:HVHQGHV0HQVFKHQJUXQG



OHJHQGQHXEHVWLPPWYRUEHUHLWHWGXUFKS\WKDJRUHLVFKHXQGRUSKLVFKH6HHOHQYRUVWHOOXQ JHQEHVWLPPW3ODWRQLPPhaidon und in Großen AlkibiadesGLHGHQNHQGH*HLVWVHHOHGLH XQHQWVWDQGHQXQGXQVWHUEOLFKXQGGDPLWVHOEHUJ|WWOLFKLVWDOVGDVHLJHQWOLFKH6HOEVWGHV 0HQVFKHQ$ULVWRWHOHVXQGGLH6WRLNHUIROJWHQ3ODWRQLQGHU*OHLFKVHW]XQJGHV0HQVFKHQ PLWVHLQHU6HHOHNRQ]LSLHUWHQGLH6HHOHDEHUDEZHLFKHQGYRQ3ODWRQQDWXUEH]RJHQDOV /HEHQVNUDIWGLHYRQGHPN|USHUOLFKHQ2UJDQLVPXV«QLFKWDEJHWUHQQWZHUGHQNDQQ (LQHLQGLYLGXHOOH8QVWHUEOLFKNHLWLVWGDQQQLFKWP|JOLFKVLHZXUGHLQGHUVSlWHUHQ$QWLNH DXFK QXU YRQ 3ODWRQLNHUQ YHUWUHWHQ XQG JDOW VRJDU DOV XQWHUVFKHLGHQGHV 0HUNPDO GHV 3ODWRQLVPXV³_{6HOEVWYHUVWlQGOLFKJHK|UW3ORWLQ]XGLHVHUSODWRQLVFKHQ7UDGLWLRQ6HLQH} $X൵DVVXQJLQGLHVHP%HUHLFKLVWQDWUOLFKDXFKLQYHUVFKLHGHQHQ3XQNWHQHLQ]LJDUWLJ ZHOFKHYRUDOOHP$QODVVGD]XJHEHQDXIGLHEHVRQGHUH5ROOHGHU9HUELQGXQJKLQ]XZHL VHQGLH]ZLVFKHQGHUPHQVFKOLFKHQ6HHOHXQGGHPDOOJHPHLQHQ*HLVWE]ZGHP(LQHQ EHVWHKW(LQIDFKJHVDJW0HLQNRQNUHWHVLQGLYLGXHOOHV,FKNRQVWLWXLHUWVLFKDXIEHVRQGHUH HLQPDOLJH:HLVHGDGXUFKGDVVLFKGHQ*HLVWGLVNXUVLYHQWIDOWH'DVLVWDEHUQXUGXUFK GLHHZLJH$QZHVHQKHLWGHU,GHHQXQGGHV*HLVWHVGHU(LQKHLWDOOHU,GHHQLQPHLQHP 'HQNHQP|JOLFK$QGHUVJHVDJWGLH(LQKHLWPHLQHV6HOEVWEHZXVVWVHLQVGXUFKGLHPHLQ GHQNHQGHV,FKLQGHU0DQQLJIDOWLJNHLWVHLQHU$NWHXQG,QKDOWHPLWVLFKVHOEVWLGHQWLVFK EOHLEWKlQJWGDYRQDEGDVVGHU*HLVWLQPLUDQZHVHQGXQGZLUNVDPLVWXQG]ZDUVR GDVVHUDOV*UXQGGHUVLFKLQDOOHQGLVNXUVLYHQ7UHQQXQJHQGXUFKKDOWHQGHQ(LQKHLWXQG ,GHQWLWlWPHLQHV,FKVLPPHUWlWLJLVW6RLVWMHGHV,FKDOVGHQNHQGHV,FK7HLOGHULQWHOOLJLE OHQREMHNWLYHQ:HOW1DFKGHUDQWLNHQ7UDGLWLRQWHLOW3ORWLQDXFKGLH6HHOHHLQLQREHUH XQGXQWHUH%HUHLFKH=ZDUKDWQXUGLHREHUVWH6WXIH$QWHLODQGLHVHUHGOHQ:HOWDEHUGDV JHZlKUOHLVWHWVFKRQGHPVWHUEOLFKHQ0HQVFKDXFKHLQHQ7HLODQGHU(ZLJNHLW:HLODOOH 6WXIHQGHU:LUNOLFKNHLWLQXQV0HQVFKHQJHJHQZlUWLJVLQGYHUPLWWHOQZLUJOHLFKVDPDXV GHP2EHUHQLQV8QWHUHHLQHQ$XVÀXVVDSRUURLDYLHOPHKUHLQH:LUNVDPNHLWenergeia ZREHLMHQHV2EHUHVLFKQLFKWYHUPLQGHUW_{$EHUHVLVWQLFKWHLQHHLQ]LJH5LFKWXQJLP} :HOWSUR]HVV6RZLHGDV(LQHVLFKDXVVWUDKOWVROODOOHV*HZRUGHQHDXFKZLHGHUVHLQHQ $XVJDQJSXQNW]XUFN¿QGHQ'DVJHVFKLHKWEHUGLH(LQ]HOVHHOH'DGXUFKGDVVVLHLQ HLQHQ/HLEHLQJHJDQJHQLVWJHIlKUGHWXQGLQVRIHUQVFKXOGLJDOVVLH]XU0DWHULHOHW]WHU 6WXIHGHU(PDQDWLRQLP3ORWLQV6\VWHPQHLJWH6LHLVWEHUKDXSWQLFKWV3RVLWLYHVPHKU IDOOVVLHVLFKGXUFKGLH0DWHULHYHUZLUUHQOlVVWXQGDPZHLWHVWHQHQWIHUQWYRP*XWHQ EH¿QGHWVLHVLFKLP*HJHQSROGHV(LQHQ*HUDGHGHVKDOEZDU3ORWLQZLHDQGHUH$XWRUHQ ZHLWHUJHEHQEHVFKlPWXQGEHVRUJWLP/HLE]XOHEHQ1XQJLOWHVVLFKYRP/HLEH]X EHIUHLHQVLFK]XUHLQLJHQVLFKPLWGHPNous ]XYHUELQGHQYRQLKPHUOHXFKWHQ]XODVVHQ XQGHLQVPLWGHP8U(LQHPVHOEVW]XZHUGHQ'LHGUHL6WDGLHQGLHVHV3UR]HVVHVN|QQHQ ZLUDOV5HLQLJXQJ(UOHXFKWXQJXQGVFKOLH‰OLFK(LQLJXQJEHVFKUHLEHQ,QHLQHPVROFKHP 6\VWHPLVWQDWUOLFK$QJVWYRUGHP7RGQHXWUDOLVLHUW'HU7RGEHGHXWHWHLJHQWOLFKGDV /HEHQZHLOHUXQVHLQUHLQHUHV'DVHLQ|൵QHWÄ:LUGUIHQGLHVHQhEHUJDQJKHUEHLVHK QHQDEHUZLUGUIHQLKQQLFKWEHVFKOHXQLJHQZLUPVVHQZDUWHQELVGLH+DUPRQLHGHU YHUEXQGHQHQ(OHPHQWHVLFKYRQVHOEVWZLHGHUDXÀ|VWVRQVWQHKPHQZLUHWZDVYRQLKULQ GDV-HQVHLWVKLQEHU(LQMHGHUKDWVHLQHEHVWLPPWH=HLWGLHHUHUIOOHQPXVVHUVWZHQQ  _{-HQV+DOIZDVVHQ3ORWLQXQGGHU1HXSODWRQLVPXV0QFKHQ9HUODJ&+%HFNR+*}  _{+DOIZDVVHQ3ORWLQXQGGHU1HXSODWRQLVPXV}

 VLHYROOHQGHWLVWNDQQHUGLHK|KHUH%DKQEHJLQQHQ³_{-HPHKU*HLVWGHVWRPHKU)UHLKHLW} VHOEVWYHUVWlQGOLFKGHVWRPHKU(LQKHLWXQGOHW]WHQGOLFKGHVWRPHKU*OFN

3ORWLQV3KLORVRSKLHZDUJU|‰WHQWHLOVP\VWLVFKEHVWLPPW'LHVHQ$VSHNWVHLQHU/HKUH KDEHQ VSlWHU DXFK VHLQH -QJHU ZHLWHUHQWZLFNHOW ,Q GLHVHP .UHLV ]X GHQ %HJDEWHQ JHK|UWH RKQH =ZHLIHO 3URNORV ± GHP GHU 1HXSODWRQLVPXV ]X $WKHQ JHEUDFKW ZXUGH9LHOH.RPPHQWDWRUHQKHEHQGLH%HGHXWXQJGHV3URNORVIUGLHJDQ]HConsola-WLR« heraus_{6LHZHLVHQEHVRQGHUVGDUDXIKLQGDVVYRUDOOHPGLH6SXUHQ]ZHLHU:HUNH} 3URNORVLQ%RHWKLXV7H[WDQZHVHQGVLQG(VKDQGHOWVLFKXPGHQTimaios-Kommentar XQGGLH6FKULIW'HSURYLGHQWLDHWIDWR3URNORVYHUEDQGGLHDQWLNH3KLORVRSKLHPLWGHQ DQWLNHQ.XOWHQGLHLQVHLQHQ6FKULIWHQVHKUSUlVHQWVLQG(LQH6FKLOGHUXQJGHV/HEHQV GHV3URNORVLVWXQVGXUFKHLQHQVHLQHU6FKOHUQDPHQV0DULQRVEHUOLHIHUW(U]HLJWGHQ 0HLVWHUDOVÄ+HLOLJHQ³GHU7DJXQG1DFKWPLWGHU9HUULFKWXQJVHLQHUUHOLJL|VHQhEXQJHQ RGHUVHLQHU/HKUWlWLJNHLWDQGHU$NDGHPLHEHVFKlIWLJWZDU3URNORVZLUNWXQGVFKUHLEW QDFKGHP$XJXVWLQXVDe Civitate DeiSXEOL]LHUWH,QGLHVHU6LWXDWLRQPXVVVHLQH3KLOR VRSKLHDOV9HUVXFKHLQHU$QWZRUWDXIGDVVFKRQPlFKWLJJHZRUGHQH&KULVWHQWXPYHU VWDQGHQZHUGHQ'HVKDOELVWDXFKGDVXQVLQWHUHVVLHUHQGH7RGHVWKHPDLQGLHVHP.RQWH[W SUlVHQW'HU$XIVWLHJ]XP(LQHQIKUWQDFKLKPGXUFKGUHL%HUHLFKHGLHHUQDFK3ODWR QHQQW(URVGLH:DKUKHLWXQGGHU*ODXEH9RUDOOHPLP*ODXEHQNDQQMHGHU0HQVFKVLFK VFKRQDXIGHU(UGHPLWGHP8QHUIRUVFKOLFKHQXQGJOHLFK]HLWLJGHP9ROONRPPHQHQLP 6FKZHLJHQVVWDQGYHUHLQHQ

:LH VFKRQ HUZlKQW OHEWH 3URNORV LQ GHU =HLWHQ GHV DQ 0DFKW JHZLQQHQGHV &KULV WHQWXPV:LHVHLQH3KLORVRSKLHHLQLQWHOOHNWXHOOHU:LGHUVWDQGJHJHQGLHQHXH5HOLJLRQ LVWVRVFK|SIWVFKRQ%RHWKLXVNXU]H=HLWVSlWHUYRQGHUFKULVWOLFKHQ7UDGLWLRQ(UVWHOOW YRUDOOHPGHQ%H]XJKHU]XGHPEHVWHQXQGEHGHXWHQVWHQGDPDOLJHQFKULVWOLFKHQ'HQ NHU$XJXVWLQXVYRQ+LSSR±)U$XJXVWLQXVELOGHWGHU0HQVFKHLQH(LQKHLW ZLHGLHVYRULKPVFKRQLQGHUSDWULVWLVFKHQ3KLORVRSKLHVWHWVDXVGUFNOLFKEHWRQWZXUGH (UYHUVWHKWDEHUGLHVH(LQKHLWQLFKWLPDULVWRWHOLVFKHQ6LQQ6LHEHVWHKWGDULQGDVVGLH 6HHOHGHQ.|USHUEHVLW]WJHEUDXFKWXQGUHJLHUW'HU0HQVFKLVWGDUXPHLJHQWOLFK6HHOH GHU/HLELVWDQLKPNHLQ.RQVWLWXHQV$OOHVLQGHU0DWHULH*HVFKD൵HQHVWHKWXQWHUGHU .DWHJRULHGHU9HUlQGHUOLFKNHLWGHV3UR]HVVHVXQGGDPLWGHU=HLW'HU7RGDOV(QGHGHV ]HLWOLFKHQ/HEHQVSUR]HVVHVEHWUL൵W]ZDUGHQPDWHULHOOHQ/HLEMHGRFKQLFKWGLH6HHOH,Q DOOHQ$NWHQGHVVHHOLVFKJHLVWLJHQ/HEHQVLP'HQNHQ)KOHQXQG:ROOHQ¿QGHWPDQGLH XQYHUlQGHUOLFKHQ:DKUKHLWHQ6LHVLQGQLFKWYRPYHUJlQJOLFKHQ0HQVFKHQVRQGHUQHV UDJWKLHUQRFKHLQDQGHUHVEHUPHQVFKOLFKHV6HLQLQGHQ0HQVFKHQKLQHLQ(EHQGDPLW VW|‰WPDQDXI*RWWÄ(UZLUGQLFKWHUVFKORVVHQGXUFKHLQHQ.DXVDOVFKOXVVLQGHP6LQQH GDVVHUHWZDDOVHUVWH8UVDFKHGLH:DKUKHLWHQJHVHW]WKlWWHQHLQLQGHQ:DKUKHLWHQ VHOEVWHUJUHLIHQZLULKQVFKRQ³_{'HVKDOEKDW$XJXVWLQXVPLWDOOHU'HXWOLFKNHLWQDFK} JHVSURFKHQ Ä*RWW XQG 6HHOH P|FKWH LFK HUNHQQHQ :HLWHU QLFKWV" 'XUFKDXV QLFKWV³_.  _{&DUO+HUPDQQ.LUFKQHU'LH3KLORVRSKLHGHV3ORWLQ'DUPVWDGW6FLHQWLD9HUODJ$DOHQ}

 _{Gruber, .RPPHQWDU]X%RHWKLXV'HFRQVRODWLRQHSKLORVRSKLDH}

 _{+LUVFKEHUJHU*HVFKLFKWHGHU3KLORVRSKLH%G$OWHUWXPXQG0LWWHODOWHU}



 ,QGHU6HHOHVW|‰WPDQDXIGLHJDQ]H5HDOLWlW6LHLVWHLJHQWOLFKGHUDQJHPHVVHQH2UW DQGHPVLFKGLH:LUNOLFKNHLWNULVWDOOLVLHUW$OVXPIDVVHQGHU+RUL]RQWIUDOOHP|JOLFKH XQGZLUNOLFKH(UNHQQWQLVLVWVLHVHOEVWGDV8QLYHUVXP$EHUVLHEOHLEWQDWUOLFKDXFK GLHSHUV|QOLFKHOHEHQGLJH6HHOH$XJXVWLQXVZLHGLHDQGHUHQ3KLORVRSKHQGHU$QWLNH_, VLHKWLP/HEHQQLFKWEOR‰ODXWHUJHLVWIUHPGH,UUDWLRQDOLWlWVRQGHUQHUNHQQWVHLQH1lKH ]XP/RJRVGHUHVGXUFKIRUPWEHVRQGHUVDEHUGDV/HEHQGHU6HHOHDXIEDXW8QGKLHU HQWGHFNWHUGLH7HLOKDEHGLHVHVVHHOLVFKHQ/HEHQVXQGVHLQHU$NWHDQGHUQRWZHQGLJHQ HZLJHQXQZDQGHOEDUHQ:DKUKHLW*RWWHV:HQQHUGHVZHJHQLQGHQConfessiones]X*RWW VSULFKWÄ6SlWKDEHLFKGLFKJHOLHEWR6FK|QKHLWRDOWHXQGQHXH6FK|QKHLWVSlWKDEHLFK GLFKJHOLHEWXQGVLHKHGXZDUVWLQPHLQHP,QQHUQLFKDEHUZDUGUDX‰HQXQGVXFKWHGLFK GRUW³_{RGHU*RWWGDVÄ/HEHQXQVHUHV/HEHQV³QHQQWGDQQVLQGGDVQLFKWUKHWRULVFKH} )LJXUHQVRQGHUQ3ODWRQLVPHQ'DVHUJLEWVLFKEHVRQGHUVDXVVHLQHU*HGlFKWQLVOHKUHGLH HUDXFKLP]HKQWHQ%XFKGHUConfessionesHQWIDOWHWKDW(EHQGDPLWLVWGLHOHEHQGLJH 6HHOHHLQ:HJ]XPOHEHQGLJHQ*RWW %RHWKLXVOHEWHLQVHKULQWHUHVVDQWHQ=HLWHQDQGHU*UHQ]HYRQ]ZHLJUR‰HQ(SRFKHQ GLHQLFKWQXUGLH3KLORVRSKLHVRQGHUQDXFKGLHJDQ]H:HOWJHVFKLFKWHLQGLH$QWLNHXQG GDV0LWWHODOWHUWHLOHQ'DV:HUNGHVÄOHW]WHQ5|PHUV³ZLH%RHWKLXVRIWJHQDQQWZLUG GDVHUNXU]YRUVHLQHU(QWKDXSWXQJVFKULHE]HLJWXQVGHXWOLFKZLHDOOHGLHVH(LQZLUNXQ JHQGHU9RUJlQJHUVLFKLQHLQHU9LVLRQYHUHLQHQ 'DVP|FKWHLFKMHW]WDQEHVWLPPWHQ7H[WSDVVDJHQGHU&RQVRODWLR«GDUVWHOOHQGLHGDV 7KHPD7RGEHWUH൵HQ 'LH$QDO\VHGHU3DVVDJHQGLHGDV7KHPDEHWUH൵HQ 'LH'LDJQRVHGHU3KLORVRSKLH 'LH$QJVWYRUGHP7RGKDWLKUH:XU]HOQLP9HUJHVVHQ%XFK, 'LHJDQ]H6FKULIWLVWLQIQI%FKHUJHJOLHGHUW'DVHUVWH%XFKVFKLOGHUWGLH6]HQHULHGHV 'LDORJV]ZLVFKHQGHQEHLGHQ*HVSUlFKVSDUWQHUQ$XIHLQHU6HLWHVHKHQZLUGHQ]HUPUE WHQ%RHWKLXV'HU*HIDQJHQHZLUGDOOPlKOLFKDXVVHLQHPOHWKDUJLVFKHQ=XVWDQGEHIUHLW XQG]XHLQHP*HVSUlFKPLWGHUHUVFKHLQHQGHQ3KLORVRSKLHEHIlKLJW'HUHUVWH6FKULWW LQGLHVHP3UR]HVVLVWGLH$XVVDJHGHU.ODJHZHOFKH%RHWKLXVJHJHQGLH8QJHUHFKWLJ NHLWGHV/HEHQVHUKHEW'HU7H[WEHJLQQWPLWHLQHP*HGLFKWGHVVHQHLQOHLWHQGH5ROOHIU GDVJDQ]H:HUNGXUFKYLHOH.RPPHQWDWRUHQKHUYRUJHKREHQZLUG_{%RHWKLXVEHVFKUHLEW} VHLQHQLQQHUHQ=XVWDQGLQHLQHUSRHWLVFKHQ)RUP(UYHUORUDOOHVZDVHUELVMHW]WIU ZHUWYROOKLHOW(ULVWVFKRQ]XP7RGYHUXUWHLOWGHVKDOELVWGLHVHV7KHPDVHOEVWYHUVWlQG OLFKDXFKLPGLHVHP*HGLFKWSUlVHQWÄ*OFNOLFKGHU7RGGHUQLFKWLQGHQV‰HQ-DKUHQ GHU-XJHQGHLQVFKOHLFKWRGHUGHU4XDOYLHOPDOVJHUXIHQHUVFKHLQW$FKZLHIKOORVHQ 2KUHVZHQGHWHUVLFKYRQGHP(OHQGZHLQHQGH$XJHQYHUVDJWKDUWHU]XVFKOLH‰HQ]XU  _{0DQN|QQWHEOR‰GLH(SLNXUlHUDXVVFKOLH‰HQ}  _{$XJXVWLQXVConfessiones;]LWQDFK+LUVFKEHUJHU*HVFKLFKWHGHU3KLORVRSKLH%G$OWHUWXPXQG} Mittelalter  _{Gruber, .RPPHQWDU]X%RHWKLXV'HFRQVRODWLRQHSKLORVRSKLDH}

 5XK³_{'LHVH:RUWH]HLJHQGDVV%RHWKLXVNHLQH$QJVWYRUGHP7RGKDW9LHOPHKUVLHKW} HULQGHP7RGVHLQH(UO|VXQJVHLQH%HIUHLXQJYRQGHPVWHWLJHQ*HIKOGHU8QJHUHFKWLJ NHLWGLHHUHUIXKU$EHU+LOIHNRPPWYRQDQGHUHUXQHUZDUWHWHU6HLWH(UELWWHWXPHLQH 7RGHVHUVFKHLQXQJDEHUGLHVH%LWWHEHUHLWHWGLH$QNXQIWGHU3KLORVRSKLHYRUGLH%RHWKLXV LKUGDPDOLJHU6FKOHU]XUSKLORVRSKLVFKHQ$QDPQHVHXQG]XU(UNHQQWQLV*RWWHVIK UHQN|QQWH$QGLH6WHOOHGHV7RGHVNRPPWGLH3KLORVRSKLH'LHVH6LWXDWLRQUHLKWVLFKLQ GLHDOWH7UDGLWLRQHLQQDFKGHUGLH3KLORVRSKLHRIWDOVEHVWHV0LWWHOJHJHQGHQ7RGXQG GLH$QJVWGLHGHU7RGEULQJWHLQJHVHW]WZXUGH1DFKGHU%HVFKUHLEXQJLKUHV*HZDQGHV PLWVHLQHQ6\PEROHQXQGGHU9HUWUHLEXQJGHUSRHWLVFKHQ0XVHQIlQJWGLH3KLORVRSKLH VHOEVWDQLQGHUSRHWLVFKHQ)RUP]X%RHWKLXV]XVSUHFKHQ'HUZDKUH'LFKWHULVWMHGHU 3KLORVRSKGHULQ*HGLFKWHQGDV:HVHQWOLFKHEHUOLHIHUWLP*HJHQVDW]]XGHQ0XVHQIU GLHQXUGLHWUJHULVFKH6FK|QKHLWGHU)RUPZLFKWLJLVW'LH3KLORVRSKLHVLHKWGLHVFKZLH ULJH/DJHLKUHV6FKOHUVÄ$FKZLHYHUVXQNHQLQMlKVWU]HQGH7LHIHGlPPHUWGHU*HLVW XQGYHUOlVVWHLJHQH+HOOHlX‰HUHV'XQNHOYLHOPHKUVWUHEWHU]XVXFKHQ³_{'LHVHU6DW]} ]HLJWZLHJHIlKUOLFKGHU=XVWDQGGHV%RHWKLXVLVW$EHUVSlWHULPQlFKVWHQ3URVDVWFN VDJWGLH3KLORVRSKLHSDUDGR[HUZHLVHÄ(VEHVWHKWNHLQH*HIDKUHUOHLGHWDQ/HWKDUJLHGHU JHZ|KQOLFKHQ.UDQNKHLWHLQHVJHQDUUWHQ*HLVWHV(UKDWVLFKVHOEVWHLQZHQLJYHUJHVVHQ HUZLUGVLFKOHLFKWHULQQHUQGDQQZHQLJVWHQVZHQQHUPLFK]XYRUHUNDQQWKDW³_'LHVH .UDQNKHLWLVW]ZDUQLFKWW|GOLFKDEHUGHU7RGLVWVWHWVQLFKWQXUDOV7KHPDGLHVHV'LD ORJVVRQGHUQDXFKLUJHQGZLHÄVXEVWDQ]LHOO³DQZHVHQG:LUGUIHQQLFKWYHUJHVVHQGDVV GHU*HIDQJHQHLP.HUNHUDXIGLH7RGHVVWUDIHZDUWHW%RHWKLXVEHNODJWVLFKVHOEVWÄ6R GDJHJHQZHUGHLFKUXQGIQIKXQGHUW0HLOHQIHUQRKQH]X:RUW]XNRPPHQXQGXQYHU WHLGLJWZHJHQ]XVHQDWVIUHXQGOLFKHU(LQVWHOOXQJ]X7RGXQGbFKWXQJYHUXUWHLOW³_{. Es} VFKHLQWDEHUVRGDVVQRFK6FKOLPPHUHVP|JOLFKLVWQlPOLFKHLQJHLVWLJHU7RGGHUQRFK WUDJLVFKHUDOVHLQH9HUQLFKWXQJGHV.|USHUVLVW'LHVLVWQLUJHQGZRH[SOL]LWJHVDJWDEHU GDV9HUKDOWHQGHU3KLORVRSKLHOlVVWXQVGLHVVRYHUPXWHQ'HVKDOEOHQNWGLH3KLORVRSKLH GLH%RHWKLXV$XIPHUNVDPNHLWYRQGLHVHULUGLVFKHQ(EHQHDEXQGYHUVXFKWGXUFKGLH DOWHVHLWGHU=HLWGHV6RNUDWHVEHNDQQWHPDLHXWLVFKH0HWKRGHGHQ=XVWDQGVHLQHV*HLV WHV]XSUIHQ%HVRQGHUV]ZHL)UDJHQXQGLKUH$QWZRUWHQVLQGLQGLHVHP0RPHQWZLFK WLJÄ$EHUGXZHL‰WZRUDXVDOOHVKHUYRUJHJDQJHQLVW",FKZHL‰HVXQGVDJWHLFKXQG DQWZRUWHWHGDUDXIVFKRQ*RWW³_{'LH]ZHLWH)UDJHLVWIROJHQGHÄ.DQQVWGXDOVRZRKO} VDJHQZDVHLQ0HQVFKLVW")UDJVWGXGDQDFKRELFKZHL‰GDVVLFKHLQYHUQXQIWEHJDE WHVXQGVWHUEOLFKHV/HEHZHVHQELQ"'DVZHL‰LFKXQGEHNHQQHPLFKGD]X³_{. Leider sind} EHLGH$QWZRUWHQ]ZDUULFKWLJDEHUDXFKXQYROOVWlQGLJ'LH'LDORJSDUWQHULQ%RHWKLXV VDJWÄ8QGZLHNDQQHVVHLQGDVVGXGHQ$QIDQJNHQQVWDEHUQLFKWZHL‰WZDVGDV=LHO LVW«8QGZHL‰WGXQLFKWGDVVGXQRFKHWZDVDQGHUHVELVW³_{"'LHVHU'LDORJULFKWHW}  _{$QLFLXV0DQOLXV6HYHULQXV%RHWKLXV7URVWGHU3KLORVRSKLH6WXWWJDUW5HFODP9HUODJ}  _{%RHWKLXV7URVWGHU3KLORVRSKLH}  _{%RHWKLXV7URVWGHU3KLORVRSKLH}  _{%RHWKLXV7URVWGHU3KLORVRSKLH}  _{%RHWKLXV7URVWGHU3KLORVRSKLH, 57.}  _{%RHWKLXV7URVWGHU3KLORVRSKLH, 57.}  _{%RHWKLXV7URVWGHU3KLORVRSKLH, 57.}

 GLH7KHPDWLNDXIHLQHUVHLWVWKHRORJLVFKHDQGHUVHLWVDQWKURSRORJLVFKH%DKQHQ=ZHLOHL WHQGHQ*HGDQNHQ]HLJHQDXFKGHXWOLFKGDVV3KLORVRSKLHHLQHQ%H]XJ]XUSORWLQLVFKHQ 3KLORVRSKLHKHUVWHOOWH'LH:DKUKHLWEHUMHGHQ0HQVFKHQEHVFKUlQNWVLFKQLFKWLQGHU )HVWVWHOOXQJGDVVHUVWHUEOLFKLVWXQGGHU$QIDQJPXVVPLWGHP=LHOYHUEXQGHQZHUGHQ $XIJUXQGGHVVHQZDVVLHK|UWHVWHOOWHGLH3KLORVRSKLHIROJHQGH'LDJQRVHÄ,FKZHL‰QXQ VDJWHVLHGLHDQGHUHXQG]ZDUZLFKWLJVWH8UVDFKHGHLQHU.UDQNKHLWGXKDVWDXIJHK|UW]X ZLVVHQZDVGXVHOEVWELVW³_{. 'HU7RGGLHPHQVFKOLFKH6WHUEOLFKNHLW]HLJWQLFKWGLHJDQ]H} :DKUKHLWEHUGHQ0HQVFKHQGHUJHPl‰GHUQHXSODWRQLVFKHQ3KLORVRSKLHGRFKHLQ7HLO GHUJ|WWOLFKHQHPDQLHUWHQ:HOWLVW'LH$XIJDEHGHV%RHWKLXVLVWHVMHW]WGLHVHQ7HLOLQ VLFKVHOEVWZLHGHU]X¿QGHQ'DVVFKHLQWDXFKORJLVFKHUZHLVHGLHHLQ]LJH/|VXQJLQVHL QHUVFKZLHULJHQ/DJH]XVHLQXQGZLUNWDOV0LWWHOJHJHQGHP7RG 'LHÄlX‰HUHQ³XQGÄLQQHUHQ³:HUWHLP=XVDPPHQKDQJPLWGHP7RG%XFK,, 'LHVHV%XFKLVWRKQH=ZHLIHOIUXQVHUEHKDQGHOWHV7KHPDGHV7RGHVVHKUEHGHXWVDP 'HQ$QJHOSXQNWGLHVHV7HLOHVGHV:HUNHVGUFNHQGLH:RUWHGHVGULWWHQ*HGLFKWVJXW DXVÄ(LQHVEHKDUUWOLHJWIHVWGXUFK*HVHW]DXIHZLJ1LFKWV*H]HXJWHVEHVWHKWLQVLFK³_ 'LH3KLORVRSKLHYHUVXFKWGLH$XJHQLKUHV6FKOHUVIUGHQZDKUHQ:HUWGHULUGLVFKHQ *WHU]X|൵QHQ'HU3DWLHQWLVWQRFKQLFKWEHUHLWHLQHQYHUWLHIWHQSKLORVRSKLVFKHQ'LD ORJ]XIKUHQ*HUDGHGHVZHJHQIHFKWHWGLH3KLORVRSKLHPLWLKPGLHVHV7KHPDPLWGHQ :RUWHQGHU)RUWXQDVHOEVW6RGHFNWVLHGLH1DWXUGHULUGLVFKHQ6DFKHQDXIÄ*ODXEVWGX LUJHQGHLQ%HVWDQGVHLLQPHQVFKOLFKHQ'LQJHQZRGRFKGHQ0HQVFKHQVHOEVWKlX¿JHLQH UDVFKH6WXQGHDXÀ|VW"'HQQZHQQDXFKLQVHOWHQHQ)lOOHQGLH'LQJHGHV=XIDOOV6WHWHLP %OHLEHQEHVLW]HQVRLVWGRFKDXIMHGHQ)DOOGHUOHW]WH7DJGHV/HEHQVDXFKGHVEOHLEHQ GHQ*OFNHV7RG:DVPDFKWVDOVRQDFKGHLQHU0HLQXQJDXVREGXHVGXUFK7RGRGHUHV GLFKGXUFK)OXFKWYHUOl‰W³_{"'HU7RGLVWDOVRHLQH$UWD[LRORJLVFKHU*UHQ]HGDQNGHUGHU} 0HQVFKGHQULFKWLJHQ:HUWMHGHU6DFKHDXI(UGHQ]XVFKUHLEHQRGHUEHVVHUJHVDJWHQW GHFNHQNDQQ$EHUKLHUDXVUHVXOWLHUHQGNHLPWHLQH)UDJHDXI:DVPHLQWGLH3KLORVRSKLH ZHQQVLHEHUVRJHQDQQWHPHQVFKOLFKH'LQJHVSULFKW"8QVNRPPHQEHVWLPPWPRPHQWDQ VROFKH:HUWHZLH5HLFKWXPXQG(KUHQLQGHQ6LQQ,QGHU]ZHLWHQ+lOIWHGLHVHV%XFKHV ¿QGHQZLUHLQJXWHV%HLVSLHO'LH3KLORVRSKLHZDUQWLKUHQ6FKOHUÄ,KUDEHUJODXEWHXFK GLH8QVWHUEOLFKNHLW]XYHUVFKD൵HQZHQQLKUDQGHQ5XKPNQIWLJHU=HLWGHQNW³_'LHVH hEHU]HXJXQJZLGHUOHJWHVLHVRIRUWÄ(VZLUGDOVRHLQMHGHUPLWHLQHP5XKPHGHUVLFK XQWHUVHLQHQ0LWEUJHUQDXVEUHLWHW]XIULHGHQVHLQPVVHQXQGMHQHKHUUOLFKH8QVWHUE OLFKNHLWGHV5XKPHVZLUGLQGLH*UHQ]HQHLQHV9RONHVHLQJHHQJWZHUGHQ³_{. ,QGLHVHU.UL} WLNJHJHQGLHMHQLJHQGLHLKU*OFNLQHLQHPVROFKHQ5XKPVHKHQVFKZLQJWHLQHJHZLVVH ,URQLHPLW(VJLEWDXFKHLQ$UJXPHQWIUGLH1LFKWLJNHLWGHV5XKPHVGHUVHLQH.UDIW LQGHQDQWKURSRORJLVFKHQ$QQDKPHQKDWÄ:DVDEHUJHKWYRU]JOLFKH0lQQHU±QXUYRQ  _{%RHWKLXV7URVWGHU3KLORVRSKLH±}  _{%RHWKLXV7URVWGHU3KLORVRSKLH, 66.}  _{%RHWKLXV7URVWGHU3KLORVRSKLH, 66.}  _{%RHWKLXV7URVWGHU3KLORVRSKLH}  _{%RHWKLXV7URVWGHU3KLORVRSKLH}

 GHQHQLVWQlPOLFKGLH5HGH±GLHLQGHU7XJHQG5XKPHUVWUHEHQZDVVDJHLFKJHKWVLH QDFKGHU$XÀ|VXQJGHV.|USHUVEHL7RGHV±(QGHGHU1DFKUXKPDQ"'HQQZHQQZDV XQVHUH/HKUH]XJODXEHQYHUELHWHWGLH0HQVFKHQJDQ]VWHUEHQJLEWHVEHUKDXSWNHLQHQ 5XKPGDGHUGHPHUJHK|UHQVROOJDUQLFKWPHKUYRUKDQGHQLVW:HQQDEHUGHU*HLVW VLFKJXWHU7DWHQEHZXVVWDXVGHPLUGLVFKHQ.HUNHUHUO|VWIUHL]XP+LPPHOVWHLJWVROOWH HUGDQQQLFKWMHGHVLUGLVFKH*HVFKlIWJHULQJVFKlW]HQHUGHUVLFKGHV+LPPHOVJHQLH‰HQG IUHXWGDVVHUGHP,UGLVFKHQHQW]RJHQLVW³_{"$OVRLVWGHU5XKPLQEHLGHQ)lOOHQYHUJHE} OLFK%RHWKLXVXQGVHLQH/HKUHULQEHU]HXJHQLP]ZHLWHQ)DOOZDVVLHVFKRQLQGLHVHU $XVVDJHEHWRQWHQ)UKHUVDJWHVLHÄ8QGGDGXMDGHUVHOEH0DQQELVWGHUEHU]HXJWLVW XQGGHPHVGXUFKVHKUYLHOH%HZHLVHZLHLFKZHL‰LQGLH6HHOHJHSÀDQ]WLVWGDVVGHU *HLVWGHU0HQVFKHQQLFKWVWHUEOLFKVHLXQGGDHVNODULVWGDVVGDV]XIlOOLJH*OFNLQGHP 7RGHGHV.|USHUVVHLQH*UHQ]HKDWJHOHLWHWXQ]ZHLIHOKDIWNDQQGLHVHVGDVZDKUH*OFN EULQJHQGDVJDQ]H*HVFKOHFKWGHU6WHUEOLFKHQEHLP7RGHVHQGHLQV8QJOFN:HQQZLU DEHUZLVVHQGDVVYLHOHGLH)UXFKWZDKUHQ*OFNHVQLFKWQXULP7RGVRQGHUQLQ6FKPHU ]HQXQG0DUWHUQJHVXFKWKDEHQZLHNDQQHVVLHGDQQGXUFKHLQH*HJHQZDUWJOFNOLFK PDFKHQZHQQHVEHHQGHWVLHQLFKWHOHQGPDFKW³_{",QGLHVHQEHLGHQZLFKWLJHQ$XVVDJHQ} VROOHQZLUXQVHUH$XIPHUNVDPNHLWYRUDOOHPDXI]ZHL,GHHQZHQGHQ (UVWHQV1DFKHLQHUDOWHQRUSKLVFKHQ9RUVWHOOXQJQHQQW3KLORVRSKLHGHQ.|USHUÄ.HU NHUGHU6HHOH³'LH2USKLNHUYHUZHQGHWHQGDV%LOGYRP*HIlQJQLV_{ZHQQVLHYRQ6HHOH} XQG.|USHUVSUDFKHQ'LHVH$XVOHJXQJEH]HLFKQHWDXFK3ODWRLQVHLQHPKratylos aus GUFNOLFKDOVGLHEHVWH_{:lKUHQGZLUOHEHQVLQGZLULP.|USHUHLQJHVFKORVVHQXQG} ÄlX‰HUH³%HJLHUGHQGLHQHQDOVIHVWH)HVVHOQIUXQVHUH6HHOH'LHVH,GHHKDWWHIUGLH 1HXSODWRQLNHUVHKUJUR‰H%HGHXWXQJVLHZDUDOVRDXFK%RHWKLXVQLFKWIUHPG_. =ZHLWHQVLVWHVUHOHYDQWGLHVH*HJHQEHUVWHOOXQJ]XEHPHUNHQQlPOLFKGDV]XIlOOLJH XQGGDVZDKUH*OFN'DVHUVWHLVWXQEHVWlQGLJXQGKlQJWQLFKWYRQGHP%HVLW]HUDE(V LVWGLH*DEHGHU)RUWXQD,P*HJHQWHLOGD]XJHK|UWGDVHZLJH*OFNXQVHUHP,QQHUHQ Ä:DUXPDOVRRLKU6WHUEOLFKHQVXFKWLKUHLQ*OFNGDVLQHXFKOLHJWGUDX‰HQ",UUWXPXQG 8QZLVVHQKHLWYHUZLUUHQHXFK,FKZLOOGLUNXU]GHQ$QJHOSXQNWGHVK|FKVWHQ*OFNHV ]HLJHQ*LEWHVIUGLFKHWZDV.RVWEDUHUHVDOVGLFKVHOEVW³_{"'DVZDKUH*OFNLVWDXFK} EHVWlQGLJZHLOÄZHQQGDV*OFNGDVK|FKVWH*XWHLQHV:HVHQVLVWGDVPLW9HUQXQIW OHEWXQGQLFKWK|FKVWHV*XWLVWZDVLUJHQGZLHHQWULVVHQZHUGHQNDQQGDMDGDVZDV VLFKQLFKWUDXEHQOlVVWEHUWUL൵WVROLHJWHVDXIGHU+DQGGDVVGLH8QEHVWlQGLJNHLWGHV =XIDOOVQLFKWGHQ$QVSUXFKPDFKHQNDQQGDV*OFN]XHUIDVVHQ³_{:lKUHQGPHQVFK} OLFKHV/HEHQGHP5HFKWGHV=XIDOOVXQWHUJHRUGQHWLVWÄ:DVDEHUNDQQVWGXVLHKVWGX GHQ.|USHUDQ6FKZlFKHUHV¿QGHQDOVGHQ0HQVFKHQGHQRIW6WLFKRGHU(LQGULQJHQ  _{%RHWKLXV7URVWGHU3KLORVRSKLH±}  _{%RHWKLXV7URVWGHU3KLORVRSKLH}  _{1RWDEHQHV{PDVrPD .|USHU*lIlQJQLVLP6LQQHYRQÄ*UDE³}

 _{3ODWRQÄ.UDW\ORV´FLQWerke in acht Bänden, Bd. 3KUVJY'LHWULFK.XU]'DUPVWDGW}  _{9RONHU6FKPLGW.RKO'LHQHXSODWRQLVFKH6HHOHQOHKUHLQGHU&RQVRODWLR3KLORVRSKLDHGHV%RHWKLXV0HLVHQKHLP}

DP*ODQ±

 _{%RHWKLXV7URVWGHU3KLORVRSKLH}  _{%RHWKLXV7URVWGHU3KLORVRSKLH}

 GHU0FNHQW|WHWGLHLQVHLQ,QQHUVWHVNULHFKHQ³_{"LVWMHGHU0HQVFKGRFKDXFKIlKLJ} GDVZDKUHXQGVWlQGLJH*OFNVFKRQLQGLHVHP/HEHQ]XHUUHLFKHQ$OV%HLVSLHOULHIGLH 3KLORVRSKLHGLH/LHEHGHU%RHWKLXV)DPLOLHKHUEHLÄ'DQXQGLHYRUQHKPOLFKVWH6RUJH GHU6WHUEOLFKHQGLHLVWLKU/HEHQ]XEHZDKUHQRGXJOFNOLFKZHQQGXGHLQH*WHU NHQQWHVWGHUDXFKMHW]WQRFKEHVLW]WZDV±HVEH]ZHLIHOWQLHPDQG±WHXUHULVWDOVGDV /HEHQ'HVKDOEWURFNQHGHLQH7UlQHQ³_{'DVZDKUH*OFNVFKW]WYRUGHP]ZHLWHQ7RG} GHQ3KLORVRSKLHLPYRUOHW]WHQ*HGLFKWHUZlKQWÄ6ROLHJWLKUDOVRJlQ]OLFKXQHUNHQQEDU XQVXQG1DFKUXKPPDFKWHXFKQLFKWEHNDQQW'RFKGHQNWLKUOlQJHU]LHKHVLFKGDV /HEHQIRUWGXUFKHLQHVLUGLVFKHQ1DPHQV+DXFKVRZDUWHWHXUHUZHQQHLQVSlWHU7DJ DXFKLKQHQWIKUHQZLUGHLQ]ZHLWHU7RG³_{'LHVHU$XVGUXFNEHGHXWHWGLH7DWVDFKHGDVV} GHU0HQVFKDXVGHP*HGlFKWQLVGHU1DFKZHOWHQWVFKZLQGHW,PDQGHUHQQlPOLFKLP UHOLJL|VHQ.RQWH[WWUH൵HQZLULKQLQGHU2൵HQEDUXQJGHVKHLOLJHQ-RKDQQHV_%RHWKLXV NDQQWHGLHVHQ7H[WDEHUHVLVWVFKZLHULJ]XVDJHQREGLH2൵HQEDUXQJLQGLHVHP3XQNW HLQH,QVSLUDWLRQIULKQZDU 'HU7RGJHK|UW]XHLQHU+DUPRQLH]ZLVFKHQGHU1DWXUXQGGHUJHLVWLJHQ:HOW %XFK,,, 'HU+HLOXQJVSUR]HVVJHKWZHLWHU,QGLHVHP%XFKLVWGDVVHKUGHXWOLFK'HU+\PQXVP ZRKOGHUEHUKPWHVWH7HLOGHVJDQ]HQ:HUNHVWHLOWGDVGULWWH%XFKZLHGDVJDQ]H:HUN LQ]ZHLJUR‰H$EVFKQLWWH'HUHUVWHVFKHLQW]XQlFKVWDXIHLQH:LHGHUKROXQJGHU*HGDQ NHQGHV]ZHLWHQ%XFKHVKLQ]XZHLVHQ_{1XQYHUVXFKWGLH3KLORVRSKLHLKUHQ6FKOHU]XU} ZDKUHQ*OFNVHOLJNHLW]XIKUHQ$OOH0HQVFKHQVWUHEHQQDFKLKUDEHUYLHOHVXFKHQGLH VHV*OFNOHLGHUQLFKWLQULFKWLJHU:HLVH$OOGLHlX‰HUOLFKHQ*WHUZLH5HLFKWXP:U GHQ0DFKW5XKPXQGN|USHUOLFKH9HUJQJXQJHQVLQGQXUHLQ7HLO]LHOGDVQLFKWJHQJW GHP0HQVFKHQGDVYROOVWlQGLJH*OFN]XYHUVFKD൵HQ*HPl‰GHQQHXSODWRQLVFKHQ9RU VWHOOXQJHQPXVVGLHVHVYROOVWlQGLJH*OFNGLH9HUHLQLJXQJDOOHU*WHUVHLQ'HVKDOEZLUG GDV*OFNHLQ]LJGXUFKGDV(UUHLFKHQXQGGHQ%HVLW]*RWWHVJDUDQWLHUWGHVVHQ,GHHXQV GDVQHXQWH*HGLFKWHQWZLFNHOWGDVDOVGHU$QJHOSXQNWGHVJDQ]HV:HUNHVJLOW'LHVH .RQ]HSWLRQ GHV *OFNV JHK|UW GHU 6DFKH QDFK HQJ ]X GHU $XJXVWLQXV GHU DXFK KLHU ]HQWUDOH(LQVLFKWHQGHUJULHFKLVFKHQ0HWDSK\VLNLQGHQ.RQWH[WFKULVWOLFKHQ'HQNHQV EHUIKUWH *RWW DOV summum bonum GLHQW DOV (UP|JOLFKXQJVJUXQG HLQHV JHJOFNWHQ Lebens0LWGLHVHU,GHHLVWDXFKHLQZHLWHUHV(OHPHQWLP%HJUL൵GHV*OFNVYHUEXQ GHQGDV%RHWKLXVYRQ$XJXVWLQXVXQGGHUQHXSODWRQLVFKHQ3KLORVRSKLHEHUQDKP*XW XQG(LQV6HLQVLQGDOVLGHQWLVFK]XGHQNHQ(LQV6HLQLVWIULKQGLH%HGLQJXQJYRQ 6HLQEHUKDXSWÄ(UNHQQVWGXQXQVDJWHVLHGDVVDOOHVZDVVRODQJEOHLEWXQGEHVWHKW  _{%RHWKLXV7URVWGHU3KLORVRSKLH, 75.}  _{%RHWKLXV7URVWGHU3KLORVRSKLH, 67.}  _{%RHWKLXV7URVWGHU3KLORVRSKLH}  _{2൵E}  _{Gruber, .RPPHQWDU]X%RHWKLXV'HFRQVRODWLRQHSKLORVRSKLDH}  _{:HUQHU%HLHUZDOWHV'HQNHQGHV(LQHQ6WXGLHQ]XUQHXSODWRQLVFKHQ3KLORVRSKLHXQGLKUH:LUNXQJVJHVFKLFKWH} )UDQNIXUWDP0HLQ

 ZLHHVHLQVLVWDEHUXQWHUJHKWXQGVLFKDXÀ|VWPLWGHP$XJHQEOLFNZRHVHLQV]XVHLQ DEOlVVW³_{"'DVJLOWLQJOHLFKHU:HLVHIUGLHEHOHEWHXQGXQEHOHEWH1DWXU$EHUGDV%HL} VSLHOGDVKLHU3KLORVRSKLHDQIKUWEHWUL൵WYRUDOOHPGHQ0HQVFKHQÄ«ZHQQ.|USHU XQG6HHOHLQHLQV]XVDPPHQJHKHQXQGGDULQYHUKDUUHQVRZLUGGDV/HEHZHVHQJHKHL‰HQ ZHQQDEHUGLHVH(LQKHLWEHLGHUVLFKGXUFK7UHQQXQJDXÀ|VWVRLVWNODUGDVVHV]XJUXQGH JHKWXQGNHLQ/HEHZHVHQPHKULVW'DVJLOWDXFKIUGHQ.|USHUVHOEVWZHQQHUGXUFKGLH 9HUELQGXQJGHU*OLHGHULQHLQHU)RUPEOHLEWHUEOLFNWPDQHLQHQ0HQVFKHQZHQQDEHU GLH7HLOHGHV.|USHUVYHUVWUHXWXQGJHWUHQQWGLH(LQKHLW]HUULVVHQKDEHQK|UWHUDXI]X VHLQZDVHUZDU³_{:DVPDQKLHUDQGHXWHQPXVVLVWGDVVHVEHVWLPPWQLFKWXPVROFKH} (LQKHLW]ZLVFKHQGHP.|USHUXQGGHU6HHOHJHKWZLHGLHVVSlWHUGHU+HLOLJH7KRPDVYRQ $TXLQXQGVHLQH1DFKIROJHULPDULVWRWHOLVFKHQ6LQQYHUVWDQGHQ'RUWEDXWHQGLHVH]ZHL (OHPHQWHHLQHVXEVWDQ]LHOOH(LQKHLW+LHULQGHU&RQVRODWLR«, GDGLH6HHOHGLH%HWUDFK WXQJGHV*XWHQYHUOLH‰LUUWVLHQXQDXIGHU(UGHXPKHUGHQQHUVWZHQQVLH]X*RWWXQG VHLQHU(UNHQQWQLVGLHLKU=LHOLVW]XUFNNHKUWHQGHWDXFKLKU,UUZHJ$OOHVVROOGLHVHP =LHOGLHQHQ3DUDGR[HUZHLVHGLHQWGHPDXFKGLHVH(LQKHLWGLH]XVDPPHQGHU.|USHU XQGGLH6HHOHEDXHQÄ'HQQDXFKEHLGHQ/HEHZHVHQNRPPWGHU7ULHE]XEHVWHKHQQLFKW DXVGHP:LOOHQGHU6HHOHVRQGHUQDXVGHP*UXQGHGHU1DWXU+lX¿JQlPOLFKKHL‰WGHU :LOOHZHQQ*UQGHGD]X]ZLQJHQGHQ7RGZLOONRPPHQYRUGHPGLH1DWXUVFKDXGHUW XQGMHQHVZRGXUFKDOOHLQGLH'DXHULUGLVFKHU'LQJHEHKDUUWGDV:HUNGHU=HXJXQJGDV GLH1DWXULPPHUHUVWUHEWKLQGHUWGHU:LOOHELVZHLOHQ6RVHKUNRPPWGLHVH6HOEVWOLHEH QLFKWDXVJHLVWLJHP(QWVFKOXVVVRQGHUQDXVQDWUOLFKHP7ULHEGLH9RUVHKXQJQlPOLFK JDEGHQYRQLKUJHVFKD൵HQHQ'LQJHQGLHVDOVGHQJU|‰WHQ$QWULHE]XP%OHLEHQGDVVVLH YRQ1DWXUGLH6HKQVXFKWLQVLFKWUDJHQ]XEHVWHKHQVRODQJHVLHN|QQHQ'HVKDOENDQQVW GXJDUQLFKW]ZHLIHOQGDVVDOOHVZDVLVWYRQ1DWXU%HVWlQGLJNHLWLP'DXHUQHUVWUHEWGDV 9HUGHUEHQPHLGHW³_{8QGVRJHZlKUOHLVWHWGLHVH6\PELRVH]ZLVFKHQGHU1DWXUXQGGHU} JHLVWLJHQ:HOWHLQHQ|WLJH+DUPRQLHGLHDXFKGHQ7RG]lKPWXQGDOOHVLQGHUVWlQGL JHQ%HZHJXQJ]XP*RWWE]Z]XP=LHOIKUW'LHJDQ]H*HVFKLFKWHXQGHEHQDXFKGLH *HVFKLFKWHMHGHV0HQVFKHQLVWLQGHQ*RWWHV+lQGHQÄ'DPDQPLW5HFKWJODXEWVDJWH VLHGDVV*RWWDOOHVPLWGHP6WHXHUGHU*WHOHQNWXQGGDHEHQVRDOOHVZLHLFKOHKUWHDXV QDWUOLFKHP7ULHEH]XP*XWHQHLOWNDQQPDQGDQQHWZDEH]ZHLIHOQGDVVHVPLWHLJQHP :LOOHQUHJLHUWZLUGXQGVLFKYRQVHOEVW]XP:LQNHGHV2UGQHUVZHQGHWJOHLFKVDPDXI GHQ/HQNHUDEJHVWLPPWXQGIULKQSDVVHQG³_{",PVFKRQHUZlKQWHQQHXQWHQ*HGLFKW} QHQQW%RHWKLXVGLHVHQ*RWWÄ'XELVWUXKLJH5DVWDOOHQ)URPPHQGLFKVHKHQLVW(QG]LHO $QIDQJ%HZHJHUGX)KUHUXQG3IDGXQG(QGHLPJOHLFKHQ³_{0LWVROFKHU*RWWHVYRU} VWHOOXQJXQGLQGLHVHP.UHLVGHV/HEHQVYHUOLHUWGHU7RGVHLQH6SDQQXQJ:HQQZLUQRFK GLH,GHHGHU9HUJ|WWOLFKXQJ]XIJHQGLHZLUDXFKLQGLHVHP%XFKWUH൵HQLVWGHU7RG EHUKDXSWNHLQH7UDJ|GLH1DFKGHP7RGLVWGLH6HHOHPLWLKUHP6FK|SIHUYHUHLQLJWÄ:LH VLHDEHUGXUFK(UODQJXQJGHU*HUHFKWLJNHLWJHUHFKWZHUGHQGHU:HLVKHLWZHLVHVRPV  _{%RHWKLXV7URVWGHU3KLORVRSKLH}  _{%RHWKLXV7URVWGHU3KLORVRSKLH}  _{%RHWKLXV7URVWGHU3KLORVRSKLH}  _{%RHWKLXV7URVWGHU3KLORVRSKLH}  _{%RHWKLXV7URVWGHU3KLORVRSKLH}

 VHQLQJOHLFKHU:HLVHGLHMHQLJHQGLH*RWWKHLWHUODQJWHQ*|WWHUZHUGHQ-HGHU*OFNOLFKH DOVRLVW*RWW9RQ1DWXULVWHVQlPOLFKHLQHU(VKLQGHUWDEHUQLFKWVGDVVHVGXUFK7HLO KDEHVRYLHOHZLHP|JOLFKVLQG³_{. 6HKUGHXWOLFKNOLQJWKLHUGHUQHXSODWRQLVFKH*HGDQNH} GHU(PDQDWLRQPLWIUGHQQLFKWQXUMHGHU0HQVFKVRQGHUQDXFKGLHJDQ]H:HOWGDVJHLV WLJHJ|WWOLFKH(OHPHQWEHVLW]WXQG]ZDULPPHU±ZlKUHQGGHUJDQ]HQ%HZHJXQJYRP ǹELV]XPŸZLHVLFKVHOEVW*RWWLQGHUFKULVWOLFKHQ2൵HQEDUXQJQHQQW ,VWGHU7RGHLQ:HUN]HXJGHUJ|WWOLFKHQ*HUHFKWLJNHLW"%XFK,9 'LH 5ROOHGHV7RGHVLPDOOJHPHLQHQ*RWWHVSODQGLHXQVGLH7H[WHYRQGHPGULWWHQ%XFK HUKHOOHQO|VW]ZDUHLQLJH3UREOHPHVFKD൵WDEHUOHLGHUJOHLFK]HLWLJDQGHUH:HQQGHU7RG QLFKWVRVFKOLPPLVWNDQQHUDXFKQLFKWDOVGLH6WUDIHIU%|VHVGLHQHQ'DVQRFKQLFKW JHO|VWH3DUDGR[ODXWHW:DUXPPXVVGLH7XJHQGOHLGHQZlKUHQGGLH6FKOHFKWHQXQJH VWUDIWEOHLEHQ"'DVLVWYRQ$QIDQJDQHLQHVGHUZLFKWLJVWHQ3UREOHPHIU%RHWKLXV'DV +HLOVPLWWHOGDV3KLORVRSKLHLQGLHVHP)DOOEHQXW]WLVWGLH$QVLFKW3ODWRQVGDVVQXUGLH :HLVHQQDFKLKUHP9HUODQJHQKDQGHOQN|QQHQGLH6FKOHFKWHQGDJHJHQWXQZDVLKQHQ EOHLEWDEHUXQIlKLJVLQGGDVGXUFK]XIKUHQZDVVLHHUVHKQHQ1XUGLH*XWHQVLQGLQGHU /DJHGDV*XWH]XHUUHLFKHQDEHUQLFKWQXUVLHVRQGHUQDOOHGLHQDFKGHP*XWHQVWUH EHQ'LH6FKOHFKWHQZROOHQGDVVHOEH=LHOQLFKWGXUFKGDVQDWUOLFKH0LWWHOGHU7XJHQG VRQGHUQGXUFKPDQQLJIDFKH%HJLHUGHQHUUHLFKHQ6RN|QQHQVLHQLFKWGXUFKVHW]HQZDV VLHVHOEVWSODQHQXQGVLHYHUODVVHQPLW:LVVHQXQG:LOOHQGDV*XWHVRK|UHQVLHEHU KDXSWDXI]XVHLQ_{'LH%RVKHLWLVWVHOEVWGLH6WUDIHIUDOOH%|VHQ6LHUXIWGHQ7RGKHU} YRUDEHULQHLQHPVSH]LHOOHQ6LQQÄ'DUDXVIROJWGDVVDOOHVZDVLVWR൵HQEDUDXFKJXW LVW$XIGLHVH:HLVHK|UWDOVRDOOHVZDVYRP*XWHQDEIlOOWDXI]XVHLQ'DKHUNRPPW HVGDVVGLH%|VHQDXIK|UHQ]XVHLQZDVVLHJHZHVHQ'DVVVLHDEHUELVMHW]W0HQVFKHQ JHZHVHQVLQG]HLJWGHUQRFKEULJH$QEOLFNGHVPHQVFKOLFKHQ.|USHUV'DKHUKDEHQGLH ZHOFKHVLFK]XU%RVKHLWJHZHQGHWKDEHQDXFKLKUHPHQVFKOLFKH1DWXUYHUORUHQ³_{. +LHU} NRPPWGDV]XU(ULQQHUXQJZDVZLUVFKRQREHQEHUGHQ]ZHLWHQ7RG±GDVKHL‰WEHU GLH9HUJlQJOLFKNHLWGHV*HGlFKWQLVVHV±ODVHQ'HU7RGKDWDOVRYLHOH*HVLFKWHU1LFKW QXUGDV9HUJHVVHQVRQGHUQDXFKMHGH+DQGOXQJGLHQLFKWPLWGHUPHQVFKOLFKHQ:UGH EHUHLQVWLPPWLVWHLQH$UWGHV7RGHVÄ6RJHVFKLHKWHVGDVVZHUGLH5HFKWVFKD൵HQKHLW YHUOlVVWXQGGDPLWDXIK|UW0HQVFK]XVHLQVLFKLQHLQ7LHUYHUZDQGHOWGDHULQJ|WWOL FKH6WHOOXQJQLFKWEHUJHKHQNDQQ³_{. 9LHOOHLFKW¿QGHQZLULQGLHVHU6WHOOHGDV(FKRGHU} 6HHOHQZDQGHUXQJVOHKUHYRQ3ODWRQDEHUVLFKHUYHUVWHKW%RHWKLXVGLHVHQ$XVGUXFNQLFKW LQJOHLFKHU:HLVHZLHVHLQDQWLNHU0HLVWHU9LHOPHKULQWHUHVVLHUWLKQZHOFKH$UW*HUHFK WLJNHLWGLH6HHOHQQDFKGHP7RGHUIDKUHQ'HVKDOEVWHOOWHUGLH)UDJHÄ«DEHULFKELWWH GLFKOlVVWGXGHQQNHLQH6WUDIHQIUGLH6HHOHQEULJZHQQGHU.|USHUGHQ7RGEHU VWDQGHQKDW³_{"$OV$QWZRUWK|UWHUÄ'RFKVDJWHVLHXQG]ZDUVFKZHUHYRQGHQHQGLH}  _{%RHWKLXV7URVWGHU3KLORVRSKLH}

 _{Gruber, Boethius. Eine Einführung6WXWWJDUW}  _{%RHWKLXV7URVWGHU3KLORVRSKLH}

 _{%RHWKLXV7URVWGHU3KLORVRSKLH}  _{%RHWKLXV7URVWGHU3KLORVRSKLH}

 HLQHQZLHLFKJODXEHPLWGHU+lUWHGHU%X‰HGLHDQGHUHQDEHUPLWGHU0LOGHGHU5HL QLJXQJDXVJHEWZHUGHQDEHUEHUVLH]XVSUHFKHQLVWMHW]WQLFKWPHLQH$EVLFKW³_'LH 3KLORVRSKLHZLOODOVRQLFKWGDV7KHPDZHLWHUIKUHQDEHUGLHVH8QWHUVFKHLGXQJGLHVLH PDFKW]ZLVFKHQGHUVFKZHUHQ6WUDIHXQGGHU0LOGHGHU5HLQLJXQJ]HLJWGDVVGLHVH,GHH VWDUNYRQGHUFKULVWOLFKH/HKUHEHUGDV)HJHIHXHUEHHLQÀXVVWLVW'LHVHU6DW]]HLJWDXFK DXJHQIlOOLJ GDVV GHU 7RG ]ZDU GHQ .|USHU EHWUL൵W HU DEHU DXFK DXI GLH 6HHOH ZLFK WLJH(LQÀVVHDXVEW'HU7RGEHIlOOWGHQJDQ]HQ0HQVFKHQQLFKWQXUVHLQHQLUGLVFKHQ N|USHUOLFKHQ7HLO'LH/HKUHULQJLEWDOVRNHLQHJHQDXHUH$QWZRUWDXIGLH)UDJHLKUHV 6FKOHUVXQGVLHNRQ]HQWULHUWVLFKQLFKWDXIGDV-HQVHLWVVRQGHUQDXIZLFKWLJH%HGLQ JXQJHQGHVJXWHQ/HEHQVQRFKDXIGHU(UGHÄ%LOGHGHLQHQ*HLVWGXUFK%HVVHUHVRKDVW GX5LFKWHUQLFKWQ|WLJGHUGLU%HORKQXQJEULQJW'XVHOEVWKDVWGLFK]XGHP(UKDEHQHUHQ JHVHOOW/HQNHGHLQH%HVWUHEXQJHQKLQDE]XP6FKOHFKWHUHQVXFKHQLFKWDX‰HUKDOEGHQ 5lFKHU'XKDVWGLFKVHOEVWLQV0LQGHUZHUWLJHJHVWU]W³_{:LHVSlWHULP/DXIHGHV'LD} ORJHVEHZLHV3KLORVRSKLHQLFKWQXUHLQWXJHQGKDIWHV/HEHQVRQGHUQDXFKHLQPXWLJHU 7RGNDQQGHQ0HQVFKHQEHVWLPPWH9HUGLHQVWHHUZHUEHQODVVHQÄ(LQLJHHUNDXIWHQXP GHQ3UHLVHLQHVUXKPYROOHQ7RGHVHLQHQGHQ-DKUKXQGHUWHQHKUZUGLJHQ1DPHQPDQ FKHVWHOOWHQGXUFKGHQ7RGQLFKWEH]ZLQJEDUGHQEULJHQHLQ%HLVSLHODXIGDVV7XJHQG GXUFK8QJOFNQLFKWEHVLHJEDUVHLZLHULFKWLJLQGHU2UGQXQJXQG]XGHUHQ1XW]HQGLHV LVWGHQHQPDQHV]XWHLOZHUGHQVLHKWGDUEHULVWNHLQ=ZHLIHO³_{(VLVWNODUGDVV3KLOR} VRSKLHYRUDOOHPKLHUGHQ)DOOYRQ6RNUDWHVPHLQW9LHOH.RPPHQWDWRUHQPDFKHQGDUDXI DXIPHUNVDPGDVVLPJDQ]HQ:HUNYRQ%RHWKLXVGLH6LWXDWLRQGHV6RNUDWHVVLFKZLHGHU KROW6RNUDWHVULFKWHWLPSODWRQLVFKHQPhaidonVHLQHQXQGGHQ%OLFNVHLQHU6FKOHUDXI GLH8QVWHUEOLFKNHLWGHU6HHOH(LQHDQDORJH$EVLFKWOLHJWDXFKGHPGXUFKEHJUHLIHQGHV 'HQNHQEHU]HXJHQGHQ7URVWGHU3KLORVRSKLH]XJUXQGH55_. 'HU]ZHLWH7HLOGHVYLHUWHQ%XFKHVGHUPLWGHPIQIWHQ3URVDVWFNDQIlQJWOHLWHW JOHLFKZHLWHU]XHLQHPQHXHQ7KHPD'LHVFKRQPHKUPDOVGDUJHVWHOOWH)UDJHQDFKGHU 7KHRGL]HHZLUGMHW]WLQGHQ0LWWHOSXQNWGHV'LDORJHVJHVWHOOW+LHUVW|‰WPDQDXIVROFKH 6FKZLHULJNHLWHQGLHZLUQXUGDQNGHP%HJUL൵*HKHLPQLVHUNOlUHQN|QQHQ,QGLHVHP .UHLV¿QGHQZLUDXFKGLHVH3UREOHPHGLHZLULP7KHPDUDKPHQGHV7RGHVVFKRQIUKHU NHQQHQÄ'HQQIUGHQ0HQVFKHQLVWHVQLFKWHUODXEWDOOH9RUULFKWXQJHQGHVJ|WWOLFKHQ 0KHQVLP*HLVW]XHUIDVVHQRGHULP:RUW]XHQWIDOWHQ'LHVQXUP|JHJHQJHQGXUFK VFKDXW]XKDEHQGDVVGHU6FK|SIHUDOOHU:HVHQ*RWW]XJOHLFKDOOHV]XP*XWHQOHQNWXQG GDGXUFKRUGQHWXQGZlKUHQGHUGDVZDVHUQDFKVHLQHUbKQOLFKNHLWHUVFKXI]XHUKDO WHQVWUHEWDOOHV%|VHDXVGHQ*UHQ]HQVHLQHV5HLFKHVGXUFKGLH.HWWHVFKLFNVDOKDIWHU 1RWZHQGLJNHLWYHUEDQQW³56%HPHUNHQVZHUWLVWGLH)HVWVWHOOXQJGDVVGHU7RG]XGLHVHQ E|VHQ6DFKHQGLH*RWWDXVVHLQHP5HLFKYHUEDQQHQZLOOQLFKWJHK|UW(ULVWYLHOPHKU HLQ:HUN]HXJGDV*RWW]XGLHVHP=LHOEHQXW]W'DVVHVZLUNOLFKVRLVW]HLJHQDXFKGLH 9HUVHGHVVHFKVWHQ*HGLFKWVÄ'LHVH+DUPRQLHOlVVWZDFKVHQXQGQlKUWZDVLPPHUGD  _{%RHWKLXV7URVWGHU3KLORVRSKLH}  _{%RHWKLXV7URVWGHU3KLORVRSKLH}  _{%RHWKLXV7URVWGHU3KLORVRSKLH} 55 _{%HLHUZDOWHV'HQNHQGHV(LQHQ6WXGLHQ]XUQHXSODWRQLVFKHQ3KLORVRSKLHXQGLKUH:LUNXQJVJHVFKLFKWH} 56 _{%RHWKLXV7URVWGHU3KLORVRSKLH}

 DWPHWVHLQ/HEHQLP$OO]XJOHLFKDEHUUD൵WVLHHQWIKUWVLHXQGELUJWGDV*HERUHQH ]XOHW]WHLQWDXFKHQGLP7RG,QGHVVHQWKURQWGHU6FK|SIHUHUK|KWXQGUHJLHUHQGOHQNW HUGHU'LQJH=DXPGHU.|QLJXQG+HUUGHU8UVSUXQJXQG4XHOOGDV*HVHW]XQGGHP 5HFKWGHUZHLVH+RUW³57_. 'LH(ZLJNHLWVHW]WGHQ7RGDX‰HU.UDIW%XFK9 'DVOHW]WH%XFKGHU&RQVRODWLR«EHWUL൵WGDV3UREOHPGHU6SDQQXQJGLHGHU$XWRU]ZL VFKHQGHU9RUVHKXQJ*RWWHVXQGGHU)UHLKHLWGHU0HQVFKHQVLHKW'HUHUVWH6FKULWWXP GLHVH.RQWURYHUVH]XEHUZLQGHQLVWHLQHVROFKH$QQDKPHZLHGLH3KLORVRSKLHVLHIRU PXOLHUWÄ'HU*UXQGIUGLHVHQ,UUWXPLVWGHUMHGHUPHLQWDOOHVZDVHUZHL‰ZHUGH QXUHUNDQQWDXVGHU.UDIWGHU1DWXUHEHQGHU'LQJHGLHPDQZHL‰'DVJHUDGH*HJHQ WHLOLVWGHU)DOODOOHVZDVPDQHUNDQQWZLUGHUIDVVWQLFKWQDFKVHLQHUHLJHQHQ.UDIWVRQ GHUQYLHOPHKUQDFKGHU)lKLJNHLWGHU(UNHQQHQGHQ³_{'DVLVWGHU:HQGHSXQNWIUGLH} 6LWXDWLRQGLH%RHWKLXVDP$QIDQJGLHVHV%XFKHVGDUVWHOOWH(VVFKHLQWDEHUVRGDVV HVNHLQHQ3ODW]IUGDV7KHPD7RGLQGLHVHP3XQNWJLEW'LHJDQ]H'LVNXVVLRQNHKUW VLFK]XU(UNHQQWQLVWKHRULH'HQQRFK¿QGHQZLUXQVLQWHUHVVLHUHQGH)lGHQLP.RQWH[W GHV=HLWWKHPDVGDVLPVHFKVWHQ3URVDHU|UWHUWZLUG(LQH(LJHQVFKDIW*RWWHVLVW(ZLJ NHLW6HLQH(UNHQQWQLVJHVFKLHKWGDQQDX‰HUKDOEGHU=HLWXQGÄ(ZLJNHLWLVWGHUJDQ]H ]XJOHLFKXQGYROONRPPHQH%HVLW]HLQHVXQEHJUHQ]EDUHQ/HEHQVZDVDXVGHP9HUJOHLFK PLWGHP=HLWOLFKHQQRFKNODUHUZLUG³_{'LH*UHQ]HQMHGHVPHQVFKOLFKHQ/HEHQVVLQG} *HEXUWXQG7RG'DVVGHU0HQVFKVWHUEOLFKLVWIROJWGDUDXVGDVVHULQGHU=HLWH[LVWLHUW Ä'HQQZDVLQGHU=HLWOHEWGDVJHKWJHJHQZlUWLJYRP9HUJDQJHQHQLQGLH=XNXQIWYRU ZlUWV8QGHVJLEWQLFKWVLQGLH=HLW*HVWHOOWHVZDVGHQJDQ]HQ5DXPVHLQHV/HEHQVLQ JOHLFKHU:HLVHXPIDVVHQN|QQWHVRQGHUQGHQPRUJLJHQKDWHVQRFKQLFKWHUIDVVWGHQ JHVWULJHQDEHUVFKRQYHUORUHQDXFKKHXWHOHEWLKUQLFKWPHKUDOVLQMHQHPEHZHJOLFKHQ XQGYRUEHUJHKHQGHQ$XJHQEOLFN³_{'LHVH(UZlJXQJHQZXUGHQVLFKHUYRQGHU/HKUH} $XJXVWLQXVEHUGLH=HLWLQVSLULHUWGLHZLULP;,%XFKVHLQHUConfessiones ¿QGHQ'HU ]ZHLWHZLFKWLJH=XJGLHVHV=HLWWKHPDVEHUQLPPWHUDEHUYRQ$ULVWRWHOHVÄ:DVDOVR GLH%HGLQJXQJGHU=HLWHUOHLGHWPDJHVDXFKZLH$ULVWRWHOHVYRP:HOWDOOXUWHLOWHQLH PDOVEHJRQQHQKDEHQ]XVHLQQRFKDXIK|UHQXQGPDJVLFKVHLQ/HEHQPLWGHU8QHQG OLFKNHLWGHU=HLWHUVWUHFNHQLVWGHQQRFKQLFKWVREHVFKD൵HQGDVVPDQHVPLW5HFKWIU HZLJDQVHKHQGUIWH³_{'HU%HJUL൵GHU(ZLJNHLWZLUGYRQGHPGHU=HLWDXVHQWZLFNHOW} XQGYRQGHPGHV'DXHUQGHQSHUSHWXXPXQWHUVFKLHGHQ/DVVHQZLUGLHDQWLNHhEHU]HX JXQJGLHKLHUHUZlKQWLVWGDVVGLH:HOWRKQH$QIDQJXQG(QGHH[LVWLHUW)UXQVLVWUHOH YDQWGDVVMHGHU0HQVFKVROFKH3XQNWHLQVHLQHP/HEHQGXUFKJHKW'LHVIROJWHLQGHXWLJ DXVGHP1DWXUJHVHW]'LH1DWXUGHV7RGHVXQGVHLQ'DVHLQLVWQlPOLFK)ROJHGHU=HLW OLFKNHLW'LHVH6FKXVVIROJHUXQJLVWDXFKGHXWOLFKDXVJHVSURFKHQEHLGHU8QWHUVFKHLGXQJ 57 %RHWKLXV7URVWGHU3KLORVRSKLH±  _{%RHWKLXV7URVWGHU3KLORVRSKLH}  _{%RHWKLXV7URVWGHU3KLORVRSKLH}  _{%RHWKLXV7URVWGHU3KLORVRSKLH}  _{%RHWKLXV7URVWGHU3KLORVRSKLH}

 ]ZLVFKHQGHQ]ZHL$UWHQGHU1RWZHQGLJNHLWHQÄ(VJLEWQlPOLFK]ZHL1RWZHQGLJNHLWHQ HLQHHLQIDFKHZLH]%GDVVQRWZHQGLJDOOH0HQVFKHQVWHUEOLFKVHLQPVVHQHLQH]ZHLWH XQWHU%HGLQJXQJZLH]%ZHQQGXMHPDQGJHKHQZHL‰WGLHVHUQRWZHQGLJJHKW³_. 'LHDOOJHPHLQHQ6FKOXVVIROJHUXQJHQ $P$QIDQJVHLQHV:HUNHVELWWHW%RHWKLXVXPGHQ7RGXQGHUVLHKWLQLKPVHLQH(UO| VXQJ$EHUGLHVHEHVWHKWQLFKWLP7RGVRQGHUQLQGHU%HIUHLXQJYRP$൵HNWGHU7UDXULJ NHLWmaestitia'HU:HJGD]XLVWGLH%HVHLWLJXQJIDOVFKHU$QVLFKWHQZHOFKHYRUDOOHP LP]ZHLWHQXQGGULWWHQ%XFKEHVFKULHEHQZHUGHQ*OHLFKZRKOPVVHQDXFKGLHIDOVFKHQ 9RUVWHOOXQJHQYRP:LUNHQGHV6FKLFNVDOVEHVHLWLJWZHUGHQ%XFKXQG_'DVDOOHV JHK|UW ]XU $XIJDEH GHU 3KLORVRSKLH GLH LKU =LHO HUUHLFKW :LH HQWZLFNHOW VLFK LQ]ZL VFKHQGHU%HJUL൵GHV7RGHV"(ULVWQDWUOLFKDP$QIDQJPLWGHU'H¿QLWLRQGHV0HQVFKHQ YHUEXQGHQ±ÄHLQYHUQXQIWEHJDEWHVXQGVWHUEOLFKHV/HEHZHVHQ³_{'DYRQLVW%RHWKLXV} VFKRQIUKHUEHU]HXJWDEHUGLHVHVFKXOPl‰LJH'H¿QLWLRQGLH%RHWKLXVJLEWJHQJW QLFKWXQGVLHPXVVPLWHLQHU]XVlW]OLFKHQ,PSOLNDWLRQHUJlQ]WZHUGHQGDVVHVGHU/RKQ GHU*XWHQLVW*|WWHU]XZHUGHQ'HU0HQVFKLVWDOVRHLQYHUQXQIWEHJDEWHV]XU6HOEVWHU NHQQWQLVIlKLJHV:HVHQDEHUDXFKGDQNVHLQHUXQVWHUEOLFKHQ6HHOHHLQQDFK+HUNXQIW XQG%HVWLPPXQJJ|WWOLFKHV:HVHQ65:LHVFKRQREHQHUZlKQWVWW]WHVLFK%RHWKLXVLQ VHLQHQDQWKURSRORJLVFKHQ$XVVDJHQYRUDOOHPDXI3ODWRQXQGGLH1HXSODWRQLNHU=ZDU VLQGDXFKGLH6SXUHQGHUFKULVWOLFKHQ/HKUHHUVLFKWOLFKDEHUVLHVLQGQLFKWHQWVFKHLGHQG 'LHVZLUGDXFKEHLP7KHPD7RGGHXWOLFKGDNHLQH5HGHYRQGHU$XIHUVWHKXQJLVWGLHLP .RQWH[WGHV7RGHVVRZLFKWLJZlUH'HU7RGSDVVWVLFKDOVRLQGLHSKLORVRSKLVFKH'HEDWWH HLQGLHLKUH:XU]HOLQGHUSODWRQLVFKHQ7UDGLWLRQKDW=ZDULVWGHU7RGHLQHQLFKWHLQID FKHXQGRIWGUDPDWLVFKH(UIDKUXQJDEHUOHW]WHQGOLFKLVWHUHLQH%HIUHLXQJIUGLH6HHOH XQGHUP|JOLFKWLKULKU=LHOGDVKHL‰WGLH*HPHLQVFKDIWPLW*RWW]XHUUHLFKHQ'LHVHU *RWWKDWDXFKPHKU]XWXQPLWGHPSODWRQLVFKHQ*XWHQXQGGHPDULVWRWHOLVFKHQXQEHZHJ WHQ%HZHJHUDOVPLWGHP*RWWGHVFKULVWOLFKHQ*ODXEHQV=XP6FKOXVVLVWGHU$XWRUGHU &RQVRODWLR«QLFKWQXUPLWGHU1RWZHQGLJNHLWGHV7RGHVVRQGHUQDXFKPLWVHLQHPELVKH ULJHQ/HEHQVYHUODXIDXVJHV|KQW9RQ$QIDQJDQEHVWHKWGDV3UREOHPLPJDQ]HQ:HUNLP ]ZHLWHQ6FKZHUSXQNWGDVVGDVLUGLVFKH/HEHQRIWXQJHUHFKWLVW'DVVHUVWHUEHQPXVVLVW IULKQNODU,P$QJHVLFKWGHV7RGHVHULQQHUWVLFK%RHWKLXVVHLQHUJUR‰HQ9RUJlQJHUZLH ]XP%HLVSLHO6RNUDWHVXQG6HQHFD$QGHQ(UVWHQHULQQHUWEULJHQVDXFKGLH3KLORVR SKLHDOVVLHVHLQH6FKOHUDEJLEWGLHIU,GHHQGHU:DKUKHLWXQG*HUHFKWLJNHLWLQGLH%UH VFKHVSUDQJHQ,QGLH5HLKHGLHVHU+HOGHQNRPPWDXFK%RHWKLXV$XVJHJHEHQHP$QODVV WULWWHUDXFKDQLKUH6WHOOH'LHZUGLJH$QQDKPHGHV7RGHVLVWIU%RHWKLXVHLQH$UW GHV:LGHUVWDQGHVXQGGHU9HUWHLGLJXQJGHU,GHHQDQGLHHUJODXEW'DVLVWQDWUOLFKQXU GXUFKGLH$QQDKPHGHUSODWRQLVFKHQXQGQHXSODWRQLVFKHQ0HWDSK\VLNXQG$QWKURSROR JLHP|JOLFK'HUVLFKDXIRSIHUQGH3KLORVRSKWULXPSKLHUWQLFKWQXUHLQ]LJLPPRUDOLVFKHQ  _{%RHWKLXV7URVWGHU3KLORVRSKLH}

 _{Gruber, Boethius. Eine Einführung, }  _{%RHWKLXV7URVWGHU3KLORVRSKLH, 57.} 65 _{Gruber, Boethius. Eine Einführung, }

 %HUHLFKVRQGHUQDXFKLP5HDOHQGDVHLQHIUHLH6HHOHGRUWZHLWHUOHEWZRGLH*HUHFK WHQLKUH%HORKQXQJXQG8QJHUHFKWHQLKUH6WUDIHEHNRPPHQ=ZDUYHUWLHIWDQGHUREHQ HUZlKQWHQ6WHOOH3KLORVRSKLHGLHVHV7KHPDQLFKWZHLWHUDEHUGDVVHVQDFKLKUHU0HL QXQJWDWVlFKOLFKVRLVW±HQWVWHKWKLHUNHLQH8QVLFKHUKHLW,QGHQOHW]WHQ6lW]HQGHV:HU NHVOHVHQZLUÄ(VEOHLEWDXFKGHU=XVFKDXHUGUREHQGHUDOOHVYRUDXVZHL‰*RWWXQGGLH LPPHUJHJHQZlUWLJH(ZLJNHLWVHLQHU6FKDXWUL൵W]XVDPPHQPLWGHUNQIWLJHQ%HVFKDI IHQKHLWXQVHUHU+DQGOXQJHQGHQ*XWHQ%HORKQXQJGHQ6FKOHFKWHQ6WUDIHQDXVWHLOHQG 8QGQLFKWYHUJHEHQVVLQGGLH+R൵QXQJHQGLHPDQDXI*RWWVHW]WXQGGLH*HEHWH:HQQ VLHULFKWLJVLQGPVVHQVLHZLUNVDPVHLQ³66_. 0LWGLHVHP%HZXVVWVHLQHUOLWW%RHWKLXVGLH+LQULFKWXQJDEHUVHLQ7RGJLOWDOVGHU 7ULXPSKGHU7XJHQGXQG,GHHQZHOWEHU8QJHUHFKWLJNHLWXQGGHQ7RGVHOEVW %LEOLRJUDSKLH %RHWKLXV$QLFLXV0DQOLXV6HYHULQXV7URVWGHU3KLORVRSKLH6WXWWJDUW5HFODP9HUODJ %HLHUZDOWHV:HUQHU'HQNHQGHV(LQHQ6WXGLHQ]XUQHXSODWRQLVFKHQ3KLORVRSKLHXQGLKUH Wirkungsgeschichte)UDQNIXUWDP0DLQ

*OHL5HLQKROG)1LFROD.DPLQVNL)UDQ]/HEVDQIWBoethius Christianus? Transformationen GHU&RQVRODWLRSKLORVRSKLDHLQ0LWWHODOWHUXQG)UKHU1HX]HLW%HUOLQ

*UXEHU-RDFKLPBoethius. Eine Einführung6WXWWJDUW

*UXEHU-RDFKLP.RPPHQWDU]X%RHWKLXV'HFRQVRODWLRQHSKLORVRSKLDH%HUOLQ *UXEHU-RDFKLP0DQIUHG)XKUPDQQ Boethius. 'DUPVWDGW

*XDUGLQL5RPDQR'HU7RGGHV6RNUDWHV(LQH,QWHUSUHWDWLRQGHUSODWRQLVFKHQ6FKULIWHQ (XWK\SKURQ$SRORJLH.ULWRQXQG3KHLGRQ%HUQ

+DOIZDVVHQ-HQVDer Aufstieg zum Einen. Untersuchung zu Platon und Plotin6WXWWJDUW 

+DOIZDVVHQ-HQV3ORWLQXQGGHU1HXSODWRQLVPXV0QFKHQ9HUODJ&+%HFNR+* +LUVFKEHUJHU-RKDQQHV*HVFKLFKWHGHU3KLORVRSKLH. Bd. 1, Altertum und Mittelalter)UHLEXUJ

LP%UHLVJDX .LUFKQHU&DUO+HUPDQQ'LH3KLORVRSKLHGHV3ORWLQ'DUPVWDGW6FLHQWLD9HUODJ$DOHQ 6FKPLGW.RKO9RONHU'LHQHXSODWRQLVFKH6HHOHQOHKUHLQGHU&RQVRODWLR3KLORVRSKLDHGHV Boethius0HLVHQKHLPDP*ODQ 6FK|SI$OIUHG$XJXVWLQXV(LQIKUXQJLQVHLQ3KLORVRSKLHUHQ)UHLEXUJ±0QFKHQ 6FKXEHUW9HQDQ]3ORWLQ(LQIKUXQJLQVHLQ3KLORVRSKLHUHQ, )UHLEXUJ±0QFKHQ 66 _{%RHWKLXV7URVWGHU3KLORVRSKLH}

 6WUHV]F]HQLH ĝ0,(5û:('à8*%2(&-86=$:&2162/$7,23+,/2623+,$( ĝPLHUüMHVWMHGQ\P]ZDĪQLHMV]\FKWHPDWyZ¿OR]R¿F]Q\FKMXĪRGF]DVyZDQW\F]Q\FK1LQLHM V]\DUW\NXáMHVWSUyEąDQDOL]\RVWDWQLHJRG]LHáD%RHFMXV]D&RQVRODWLRSKLORVRSKLDHZáDĞQLH ZNRQWHNĞFLHSUREOHPDW\NLĞPLHUFL$UW\NXáG]LHOLVLĊQDGZLHF]ĊĞFLZNWyU\FKDXWRUQDM SLHUZVWDUDVLĊSU]HGVWDZLüSXQNWZLG]HQLDSRSU]HGQLNyZ%RHFMXV]D:ĞUyGQLFKGRQDM ZDĪQLHMV]\FKSRVWDFLQDOHĪą3ODWRQ3ORW\QĞZ$XJXVW\QL3URNORV']LĊNLWHPXZGUXJLHM F]ĊĞFLDQDOL]DIUDJPHQWyZ&RQVRODWLR«RGQRV]ąF\FKVLĊGRĞPLHUFL]\VNXMHVZRMąJáĊELĊ L]DUD]HPMDVQRĞü 6áRZDNOXF]RZH%RHFMXV]3ODWRQQHRSODWRQL]PĞPLHUü¿OR]R¿DDQW\F]QDGXV]D $EVWUDFW '($7+$&&25',1*72%2(7+,86,1&2162/$7,23+,/2623+,$( 'HDWKKDVEHHQRQHRIWKHPDMRUWKHPHVRISKLORVRSK\VLQFHWKHDQFLHQWWLPHV7KHDUWLFOH DWWHPSWVWRDQDO\]HODVWZRUNVRI%RHWKLXV&RQVRODWLRSKLORVRSKLDHZLWKSDUWLFXODUUHIHUHQFH WRWKLVVXEMHFW,WLVGLYLGHGLQWRWZRSDUWVLQZKLFKWKHDXWKRUWULHVWRSUHVHQW%RHWKLXVSUHGH FHVVRUV¶SRLQWRIYLHZVXFKDV3ODWR3ORWLQXV6W$XJXVWLQHDQG3URFOXV&RQVHTXHQWO\WKH VHFRQGSDUWRIWKHIUDJPHQWV¶HQTXLU\UHODWHGWRGHDWK¿QGVLWVGHSWKDQGFODULW\ .H\ZRUGV%RHWKLXV3ODWR1HR3ODWRQLVPGHDWKDQFLHQWSKLORVRSK\VRXO