3 URSR]\FMHZ\PDJDñSURJUDPRZ\FKQDSRV]F]HJöOQHRFHQ\ļ,9HWDSHGXNDF\MQ\ļSU]\JRWRZDQHQDSRGVWD ZLHWUHĂFL]DZDUW\FK ZbSRGVWDZLHSURJUDPRZHMSURJUDPLHQDXF]DQLDRUD]ZbF]ÚĂFLS RGUÚF]QLNDGODOLFHXPRJöOQRNV]WDïFÈF HJRLbWHFKQLNXP T o je st FKHPLD&KHPLDRJöOQDLbQLHRUJDQLF]QD ]DNUHVUR]V]HU]RQ\ : \UöĝQLRQH Z\PDJDQLD SURJUDPRZH RGSRZLDGDMÈ Z\PDJDQLRP RJöOQ\P LbV]F]HJöïRZ\P ]DZDUW\P ZbWUHĂFLDFK Q DXF]DQLD SRGVWDZ\ SURJUDPRZHM 1DWRPLDVW ]D]QDF]RQH GRĂZLDGF]HQLD FKHPLF]QH VÈ ]DOHFDQH SU ]H] (ZÚ*U\F]PDQ Lb .U\VW\QÚ*LVJHV DXWRUNL SRGVWDZ\ SURJUDPRZHM GR SU]HSURZDG]HQLD Zb]DNUHVLH UR]V]HU]RQ\P . RPHQWDU] GR SRGVWDZ\ SURJUDPRZHM SU]HGPLRWX &KHPLD %XGRZDDWRPX8NïDGRNUHVRZ\SLHUZLDVWNöZFKHPLF]Q\FK 2FHQDGRSXV]F]DMÈFD [1] Ocena dostateczna [1 + 2] Ocena dobra [1 + 2 + 3] Ocena bardzo dobra [1 + 2 + 3 + 4]
8F]Hñ – Z\PLHQLDQD]Z\V]NïDLbVSU]ÚWXODERUDWRU\MQHJR –
]QDLbVWRVXMH]DVDG\%+3RERZLÈ]XMÈFH ZbSUDFRZQLFKHPLF]QHM
–
Z\PLHQLDQDXNL]DOLF]DQHGRQDXN prz
yrodnicz ych – GHILQLXMHSRMÚFLD DWRP , HOHNWURQ , SURWRQ , QHXWURQ , QXNOHRQ\ , HOHNWURQ\ZDOHQF\MQH – REOLF]DOLF]EÚSURWRQöZ HOHNWURQöZ
LbQHXWURQöZZbDWRPLHGDQHJRSLHUZLDVWND chemicznego na podsta
w ie zapisu
A ZE – GHILQLXMHSRMÚFLD PDVDDWRPRZD , OLF]EDDWRPRZD , OLF]EDPDVRZD , MHGQRVWNDPDV\DWRPRZHM , PDVD F]ÈVWHF]NRZD – poda je mas y atomo w e LbOLF]E\DWRPRZH pier w iastkó w chemiczn y ch , NRU]\VWDMÈF ]bXNïDGXRNUHVRZHJR –
REOLF]DPDV\F]ÈVWHF]NRZHSURVW\FK]ZLÈ]NöZ FKHPLF]Q\FKQS0J2
&2
–
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RUELWDODWRPRZ\ , OLF]E\ NZDQWRZH n, O, P , PV VWDQHQHUJHW\F]Q\ , VWDQ NZDQWRZ\ , HOHNWURQ\VSDURZDQH –
Z\MDĂQLDFRWRVÈL]RWRS\SLHUZLDVWNöZ FKHPLF]Q\FKQDSU]\NïDG]LHDWRPXZRGRUX
– RPDZLDEXGRZÚZVSöïF]HVQHJRPRGHOXDWRPX – GHILQLXMHSRMÚFLH SLHUZLDVWHNFKHPLF]Q\ – SRGDMHWUHĂÊ SUDZDRNUHVRZRĂFL –
RPDZLDEXGRZÚXNïDGXRNUHVRZHJR SLHUZLDVWNöZFKHPLF]Q\FKSRG]LDïQDJUXS\
RNUHV\LbEORNLNRQILJXUDF\MQH –
ZVND]XMHZbXNïDG]LHRNUHVRZ\P SLHUZLDVWNLFKHPLF]QHQDOHĝÈFHGREORNX
s , p , d oraz f –
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8F]Hñ – Z\MDĂQLDSU]H]QDF]HQLHSRGVWDZRZHJRV]NïD LbVSU]ÚWXODERUDWRU\MQHJR
–
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–
Z\MDĂQLDGODF]HJRFKHPLDQDOHĝ\GRQDXN prz
yrodnicz ych –
Z\NRQXMHSURVWHREOLF]HQLD]ZLÈ]DQH ]bSRMÚFLDPL
PDVDDWRPRZD , PDVDF]ÈVWHF]NRZD , OLF]EDDWRPRZD , OLF]EDPDVRZD , MHGQRVWNDPDV\ DWRPRZHM – SRGDMHWUHĂÊ ]DVDG\QLHR]QDF]RQRĂFL+HLVHQEHUJD , UHJXï\+XQGD oraz ]DND]X3 DXOLHJR –
RSLVXMHW\S\RUELWDOLDWRPRZ\FKLbU\VXMHLFK NV]WDïW\
–
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Z\PLHQLD]DVWRVRZDQLDL]RWRSöZSLHUZLDVWNöZ SURPLHQLRWZöUF]\FK
–
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–
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V, S, d oraz f – Z \M DĂ QL D F R VW DQ RZ LS RG VW DZ Ú EX GR Z \ Z VS öï F] HV QH JR X Nï DG X RN UH VR Z HJ R SL HU Z LD VW Nö Z FK HP LF ]Q \F K N RQ ILJ XU DF MD H OH NW UR QR Z D Z \] QD F] DM ÈF D SR G] LD ïQ D EO RN LV , S, d o ra z f – Z\MDĂQLDSRGDMÈFSU]\NïDG\ MDNLFKLQIRUPDFMLQD
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–
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–
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–
]DSLVXMHNRQILJXUDFMHHOHNWURQRZHDWRPöZ SLHUZLDVWNöZFKHPLF]Q\FKRbOLF]EDFK atomo
w y ch Z bRGGRRUD]MRQöZ
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s p d f ]DSLV
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DXOLHJR –
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–
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wy m –
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–
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–
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–
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–
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Lb PDVD –
Z\MDĂQLDFRWRVÈVLï\MÈGURZHLbMDNLPDMÈZSï\Z QDVWDELOQRĂÊMÈGUD
–
Z\MDĂQLDQDF]\PSROHJDGXDOL]P NRUSXVNXODUQR
IDORZ\ –
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–
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–
Z\]QDF]DPDVÚL]RWRSXSURPLHQLRWZöUF]HJR QDbSRGVWDZLHRNUHVXSöïWUZDQLD
–
DQDOL]XMH]PLDQ\PDV\L]RWRSX SURPLHQLRWZöUF]HJRZb]DOHĝQRĂFLRGF]DVX
–
SRUöZQXMHXNïDGRNUHVRZ\SLHUZLDVWNöZ FKHPLF]Q\FKRSUDFRZDQ\SU]H]0HQGHOHMHZD ;,;Z
]HZVSöïF]HVQÈZHUVMÈ –
X]DVDGQLDSU]\QDOHĝQRĂÊSLHUZLDVWNöZ FKHPLF]Q\FKGRSRV]F]HJöOQ\FKEORNöZ ener
ge ty czn ych –
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–
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– ZVND]XMHZbXNïDG]LHRNUHVRZ\P pier
w iastki chemiczne zaliczane GRbQLHPHWDOL LbPHWDOL
–
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: \EUDQH ZLDGRPRĂFL LbXPLHMÚWQRĂFL Z\NUDF]DMÈFH SR]D WUHĂÊ Z\PDJDñ SRGVWDZ\ SURJUDPRZHM NWöU\FK VSH ïQLHQLH PRĝH E\Ê ZDUXQNLHP Z\VWDZLHQLD
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8F]Hñ – GHILQLXMHSRMÚFLH HOHNWURXMHPQRĂÊ –
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–
Z\PLHQLDSU]\NïDG\F]ÈVWHF]HNSLHUZLDVWNöZ FKHPLF]Q\FKQS2
+
Lb]ZLÈ]NöZ FKHPLF]Q\FKQS+
2 +&O – GHILQLXMHSRMÚFLD ZLÈ]DQLHFKHPLF]QH , ZDUWRĂFLRZRĂÊ , SRODU\]DFMDZLÈ]DQLD , GLSRO –
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–
SRGDMH]DOHĝQRĂÊPLÚG]\UöĝQLFÈ HOHNWURXMHPQRĂFLZbF]ÈVWHF]FH DbURG]DMHPZLÈ]DQLD –
Z\PLHQLDSU]\NïDG\F]ÈVWHF]HNZbNWöU\FK Z\VWÚSXMHZLÈ]DQLHMRQRZHNRZDOHQF\MQH LbNRZDOHQF\MQHVSRODU\]RZDQH
– GHILQLXMHSRMÚFLD RUELWDOPROHNXODUQ\ F]ÈVWHF]NRZ\ ZLÈ]DQLH s , ZLÈ]DQLH p , ZLÈ]DQLH PHWDOLF]QH , ZLÈ]DQLHZRGRURZH , ZLÈ]DQLH NRRUG\QDF\MQH , GRQRUSDU\HOHNWURQRZHM , DNFHSWRU SDU\HOHNWURQRZHM – RSLVXMHEXGRZÚZHZQÚWU]QÈPHWDOL – GHILQLXMHSRMÚFLH K\EU\G\]DFMDRUELWDOLDWRPRZ\FK
8F]Hñ – RPDZLD]PLHQQRĂÊHOHNWURXMHPQRĂFL SLHUZLDVWNöZFKHPLF]Q\FKZbXNïDG]LH RNUHVRZ\P
– Z\MDĂQLDUHJXïÚ GXEOHWXHOHNWURQRZHJR Lb RNWHWX HOHNWURQRZHJR –
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–
Z\MDĂQLDVSRVöESRZVWDZDQLDZLÈ]Dñ NRZDOHQF\MQ\FKNRZDOHQF\MQ\FK VSRODU\]RZDQ\FKMRQRZ\FKLbPHWDOLF]Q\FK
–
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–
Z\MDĂQLDZïDĂFLZRĂFLPHWDOLQDSRGVWDZLH ]QDMRPRĂFLQDWXU\ZLÈ]DQLDPHWDOLF]QHJR
–
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– Z\MDĂQLDSRMÚFLD VWDQSRGVWDZRZ\DWRPX , VWDQ Z]EXG]RQ\DWRPX –
SRGDMHZDUXQHNZ\VWÈSLHQLDK\EU\G\]DFML RUELWDOLDWRPRZ\FK
–
SU]HGVWDZLDSU]\NïDGSU]HVWU]HQQHJR UR ]P LH V] F] HQ LD Z LÈ ]D ñ Z bF ]È VW HF ]N DF K Q S & + , BF
48F]Hñ – DQDOL]XMH]PLHQQRĂÊHOHNWURXMHPQRĂFL LbFKDUDNWHUXFKHPLF]QHJRSLHUZLDVWNöZ FKHPLF]Q\FKZbXNïDG]LHRNUHVRZ\P
– zapisu je w zor y elektrono w e Z]RU\ NURSNRZHLbNUHVNRZH F]ÈVWHF]HN , ZbNWöU\FK Z\VWÚSXMÈZLÈ]DQLDNRZDOHQF\MQH , jono w e oraz koord y nac y jne – Z \M DĂ QL D G ODF ]H JR Z LÈ] DQ LH N RR UG \Q DF \M QH MH VW WH ĝ QD ]\ Z DQ H Z LÈ] DQ LH P G RQ RU RZ R DN FH SW RU RZ \P – Z\MDĂQLDSRMÚFLH HQHUJLDMRQL]DFML –
RPDZLDVSRVöEZbMDNLDWRP\SLHUZLDVWNöZ chemiczn
y ch bloku sLb p RVLÈJDMÈWUZDïH
NRQILJXUDFMHHOHNWURQRZHWZRU]HQLH MRQöZ
–
FKDUDNWHU\]XMHZLÈ]DQLHPHWDOLF]QHLbZRGRURZH RUD]SRGDMHSU]\NïDG\LFKSRZVWDZDQLD
– zapisu je ró w nania reakc ji po w sta w ania MRQöZLbWZRU]HQLDZLÈ]DQLDMRQRZHJR –
SU]HGVWDZLDJUDILF]QLHWZRU]HQLHVLÚZLÈ]Dñ ty pu sLb p –
RNUHĂODZSï\ZZLÈ]DQLDZRGRURZHJR QDbQLHW\SRZHZïDĂFLZRĂFLZRG\
– Z\MDĂQLDSRMÚFLH VLï\YDQGHU: DDOVD –
SRUöZQXMHZïDĂFLZRĂFLVXEVWDQFMLMRQRZ\FK F]ÈVWHF]NRZ\FKNRZDOHQF\MQ\FKPHWDOLF]Q\FK RUD]VXEVWDQFMLRbZLÈ]DQLDFKZRGRURZ\FK
8F]Hñ – Z\MDĂQLD]DOHĝQRĂÊPLÚG]\GïXJRĂFLÈZLÈ]DQLD DbMHJRHQHUJLÈ
–
SRUöZQXMHZLÈ]DQLHNRRUG\QDF\MQH]bZLÈ]DQLHP NRZDOHQF\MQ\P
–
SURSRQXMHZ]RU\HOHNWURQRZHZ]RU\ NURSNRZHLbNUHVNRZHGODF]ÈVWHF]HNOXE MRQöZ
ZbNWöU\FKZ\VWÚSXMÈZLÈ]DQLD koord ynac yjne – RNUHĂODW\S ZLÈ]Dñ s Lb p ZbSURVW\FK F]ÈVWHF]NDFKQS&2
1
–
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–
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–
Z\MDĂQLDZSï\ZURG]DMXZLÈ]DQLD QDbZïDĂFLZRĂFLIL]\F]QHVXEVWDQFML
– prze w idu je t y p h y br y d y zac ji ZbF]ÈVWHF]NDFK QS&+
4, BF
–
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–
RNUHĂODZSï\ZZROQ\FKSDUHOHNWURQRZ\FK QDbJHRPHWULÚF]ÈVWHF]NL
– SRGDMHRGF]HJR]DOHĝ\NV]WDïWF]ÈVWHF]NL URG]DMK\EU\G\]DFML – GHILQLXMHSRMÚFLD DWRPFHQWUDOQ\ , OLJDQG , OLF]ED NRRUG\QDF\MQD –
RSLVXMHW\S\K\EU\G\]DFMLRUELWDOLDWRPRZ\FK VS
, VS , VS : \EUDQH ZLDGRPRĂFL LbXPLHMÚWQRĂFL Z\NUDF]DMÈFH SR]D WUHĂÊ Z\PDJDñ SRGVWDZ\ SURJUDPRZHM NWöU\FK VSHï QLHQLH PRĝH E\Ê ZDUXQNLHP Z \VWDZLHQLD
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8F]Hñ – GHILQLXMHSRMÚFLD ]MDZLVNRIL]\F]QH Lb UHDNFMD FKHPLF]QD –
Z\PLHQLDSU]\NïDG\]MDZLVNIL]\F]Q\FKLbUHDNFML FKHPLF]Q\FK]QDQ\FK]bĝ\FLDFRG]LHQQHJR
– GHILQLXMHSRMÚFLD UöZQDQLHUHDNFMLFKHPLF]QHM , VXEVWUDW\ , SURGXNW\ , UHDNFMDV\QWH]\ , UHDNFMD DQDOL]\ , UHDNFMDZ\PLDQ\ –
]DSLVXMHUöZQDQLDSURVW\FKUHDNFMLFKHPLF]Q\FK UHDNFMLV\QWH]\
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]DSLVXMHZ]RU\LbQD]Z\V\VWHPDW\F]QH w y bran y ch tlenkó w PHWDOLLbQLHPHWDOL – ]DSLVXMH UöZQDQLH UHDNFML RWU]\P\ZDQLD WOHQNöZ FRQDMPQLHMMHGQ\PVSRVREHP –
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– GHILQLXMHSRMÚFLD WOHQNLNZDVRZH , WOHQNL ]DVDGRZH , WOHQNLRERMÚWQH – GHILQLXMHSRMÚFLD ZRGRURWOHQNL Lb ]DVDG\ –
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– GHILQLXMHSRMÚFLD DPIRWHU\F]QRĂÊ , WOHQNL DPIRWHU\F]QH , ZRGRURWOHQNLDPIRWHU\F]QH –
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8F]Hñ – Z\PLHQLDUöĝQLFHPLÚG]\]MDZLVNLHPIL]\F]Q\P DbUHDNFMÈFKHPLF]QÈ
– SU]HSURZDG]D GRĂZLDGF]HQLH FKHPLF]QH PDMÈFH
QDFHOXRWU]\PDQLHSURVWHJR]ZLÈ]NX FKHPLF]QHJRQS)H6]DSLVXMHUöZQDQLH SU]HSURZDG]RQHMUHDNFMLFKHPLF]QHMRNUHĂODMHM W\SRUD]ZVND]XMHVXEVWUDW\LbSURGXNW\
– ]DSLVXMHZ]RU\LbQD]Z\V\VWHPDW\F]QHWOHQNöZ – zapisu je ró w nanie reakc ji otrz y m y w ania tlenkó w pier w iastkó w chemiczn y ch RbOLF]ELHDWRPRZHM Z bRGGR – RSLVXMHEXGRZÚWOHQNöZ –
GRNRQXMHSRG]LDïXWOHQNöZQDNZDVRZH ]DVDGRZHbRERMÚWQHLDPIRWHU\F]QH
–
]DSLVXMHUöZQDQLDUHDNFMLFKHPLF]Q\FKWOHQNöZ NZDVRZ\FKLb]DVDGRZ\FK]bZRGÈ
– Z\PLHQLDSU]\NïDG\]DVWRVRZDQLDWOHQNöZ –
]DSLVXMHZ]RU\LbQD]Z\V\VWHPDW\F]QH ZRGRURWOHQNöZ
– RSLVXMHEXGRZÚZRGRURWOHQNöZ – ]DSLVXMHUöZQDQLDUHDNFMLRWU]\P\ZDQLD]DVDG – Z\MDĂQLDSRMÚFLD DPIRWHU\F]QRĂÊ , WOHQNL DPIRWHU\F]QH , ZRGRURWOHQNLDPIRWHU\F]QH – ]D SL VX MH Uö Z QD QL D UH DN FM LF KH P LF ]Q \F K Z \E UD Q\ FK WOH QN öZ Lb Z RG RU RW OH QN öZ ] bN Z DV DP LL b] DV DG DP L –
Z\PLHQLDSU]\NïDG\]DVWRVRZDQLD ZRGRURWOHQNöZ
–
Z\PLHQLDSU]\NïDG\WOHQNöZNZDVRZ\FK ]DVDGRZ\FKRERMÚWQ\FKLbDPIRWHU\F]Q\FK
– RSLVXMHEXGRZÚNZDVöZ –
GRNRQXMHSRG]LDïXSRGDQ\FKNZDVöZ QDbWOHQRZHLbEH]WOHQRZH
8F]Hñ – ZVND]XMH]MDZLVNDIL]\F]QHLbUHDNFMHFKHPLF]QH ZĂUöGSRGDQ\FKSU]HPLDQ
–
RNUHĂODW\SUHDNFMLFKHPLF]QHMQDSRGVWDZLHMHM SU]HELHJX
–
VWRVXMHSUDZR]DFKRZDQLDPDV\LbSUDZRVWDïRĂFL VNïDGX]ZLÈ]NXFKHPLF]QHJR
–
SRGDMHSU]\NïDG\QDGWOHQNöZLbLFKZ]RU\ VXPDU\F]QH
–
Z\PLHQLDNU\WHULDSRG]LDïXWOHQNöZLbQDWHM SRGVWDZLHGRNRQXMHLFKNODV\ILNDFML
–
GRNRQXMHSRG]LDïXWOHQNöZQDNZDVRZH ]DVDGRZHRERMÚWQHLbDPIRWHU\F]QHRUD] zapisu
je odpo w iednie ró w nania reakc ji FKHPLF]Q\FK]bNZDVDPLLb]DVDGDPL –
ZVND]XMHZbXNïDG]LHRNUHVRZ\PSLHUZLDVWNL FKHPLF]QHNWöUHPRJÈWZRU]\ÊWOHQNL LbZRGRURWOHQNLDPIRWHU\F]QH
– SURMHNWXMHGRĂZLDGF]HQLHFKHPLF]QH %DGDQLH]DFKRZDQLDWOHQNXJOLQXZREHF ]DVDG\LbNZDVX
oraz zapisuje odpo w iednie
UöZQDQLDUHDNFMLFKHPLF]Q\FKZbSRVWDFL F]ÈVWHF]NRZHMLbMRQRZHM
– w y mienia metod y otrz y m yw ania tlenkó w , ZRGRURWOHQNöZLbNZDVöZRUD] zapisu je odpo w iednie ró w nania reakc ji chemiczn y ch – SURMHNWXMHGRĂZLDGF]HQLH 5 HDNFMDWOHQNX IRVIRUX9]bZRGÈ Lb]DSLVXMHRGSRZLHGQLH UöZQDQLHUHDNFMLFKHPLF]QHM – RP DZ LD W \S RZ H Z ïD ĂF LZ RĂ FL F KH P LF ]Q H NZ DV öZ ]D FK RZ DQ LH Z RE HF P HW DO L WO HQ Nö Z P HW DO L Z RG RU RW OH QN öZ LbV RO LN Z DV öZ R bP QL HM V] HM P RF \ o ra z z a p is u je o d p o w ie d n ie r ó w n a n ia re a k c ji c h e m ic z n y c h
8F]Hñ – SURMHNWXMHGRĂZLDGF]HQLHFKHPLF]QH %DGDQLHFKDUDNWHUXFKHPLF]QHJRWOHQNöZ PHWDOLLbQLHPHWDOL
oraz zapisuje odpo w iednie UöZQDQLDUHDNFMLFKHPLF]Q\FK – SURMHNWXMHGRĂZLDGF]HQLHFKHPLF]QH %DGDQLHG]LDïDQLD]DVDG\LbNZDVXQDWOHQNL RUD]]DSLVXMHRGSRZLHGQLHUöZQDQLDUHDNFML FKHPLF]Q\FK
–
SU]HZLGXMHFKDUDNWHUFKHPLF]Q\WOHQNöZ Z\EUDQ\FKSLHUZLDVWNöZLb]DSLVXMHRGSRZLHGQLH UöZQDQLDUHDNFMLFKHPLF]Q\FK
–
RNUHĂODFKDUDNWHUFKHPLF]Q\WOHQNöZ SLHUZLDVWNöZFKHPLF]Q\FKRbOLF]ELH atomo
w e j Z bRGGRQDSRGVWDZLHLFK ]DFKRZDQLDZREHFZRG\ NZDVXLb]DVDG\ zapisu je odpo w iednie ró w nania reakc ji chemiczn y ch –
RNUHĂODUöĝQLFHZbEXGRZLHF]ÈVWHF]HNWOHQNöZ LbQDGWOHQNöZ – SURMHNWXMHGRĂZLDGF]HQLHFKHPLF]QH 2WU]\P\ZDQLHZRGRURWOHQNXĝHOD]D,,, oraz
]DSLVXMHRGSRZLHGQLHUöZQDQLHUHDNFML FKHPLF]QHM
–
SURMHNWXMHLbSU]HSURZDG]DGRĂZLDGF]HQLD FKHPLF]QHZbNWöU\FKZ\QLNXPRĝQDRWU]\PDÊ UöĝQ\PLPHWRGDPLZRGRURWOHQNLWUXGQR UR]SXV]F]DOQHZbZRG]LH]DSLVXMHRGSRZLHGQLH UöZQDQLDUHDNFMLFKHPLF]Q\FK
–
SU]HZLGXMHZ]öURUD]FKDUDNWHUFKHPLF]Q\ WOHQNX]QDMÈFSURGXNW\UHDNFMLFKHPLF]QHMWHJR WOHQNX]bZRGRURWOHQNLHPVRGXLbNZDVHP FKORURZRGRURZ\P
– GHILQLXMHSRMÚFLD NZDV\ , PRFNZDVX – Z\PLHQLDVSRVRE\NODV\ILNDFMLNZDVöZ ]HZ]JOÚGXQDLFKVNïDGPRFLbZïDĂFLZRĂFL XWOHQLDMÈFH
– ]DSLVXMHZ]RU\LbQD]Z\V\VWHPDW\F]QHNZDVöZ – ]DSLVXMHUöZQDQLDUHDNFMLRWU]\P\ZDQLDNZDVöZ – GHILQLXMHSRMÚFLH VROH – Z\PLHQLDURG]DMHVROL –
]DSLVXMHZ]RU\LbQD]Z\V\VWHPDW\F]QHSURVW\FK VROL
–
SU]HSURZDG]DGRĂZLDGF]HQLHFKHPLF]QH PDMÈFHQDFHOXRWU]\PDQLHZ\EUDQHMVROL ZbUHDNFML]RERMÚWQLDQLDRUD]]DSLVXMH RGSRZLHGQLHUöZQDQLHUHDNFMLFKHPLF]QHM
–
Z\PLHQLDSU]\NïDG\VROLZ\VWÚSXMÈF\FK ZbSU]\URG]LHRNUHĂODLFKZïDĂFLZRĂFL Lb]DVWRVRZDQLD
– GHILQLXMHSRMÚFLD ZRGRUNL , D]RWNL , ZÚJOLNL
–
Z\PLHQLDPHWRG\RWU]\P\ZDQLDNZDVöZ Lb]DSLVXMHRGSRZLHGQLHUöZQDQLDUHDNFML FKHPLF]Q\FK
– Z\PLHQLDSU]\NïDG\]DVWRVRZDQLDNZDVöZ – RSLVXMHEXGRZÚVROL – ]DSLVXMHZ]RU\LbQD]Z\V\VWHPDW\F]QHVROL – Z\MDĂQLDSRMÚFLD ZRGRURVROH Lb K\GURNVRVROH –
]DSLVXMHUöZQDQLDUHDNFMLRWU]\P\ZDQLD Z\EUDQHMVROLWU]HPDVSRVREDPL
–
RGV]XNXMHLQIRUPDFMHQDWHPDWZ\VWÚSRZDQLD VROLZbSU]\URG]LH
–
Z\PLHQLD]DVWRVRZDQLDVROLZbSU]HP\ĂOHLbĝ\FLX FRG]LHQQ\P
–
SRGDMHQD]Z\NZDVöZQLHRUJDQLF]Q\FK QDbSRGVWDZLHLFKZ]RUöZFKHPLF]Q\FK
– zapisu je ró w nania reakc ji chemiczn y ch
LOXVWUXMÈFHXWOHQLDMÈFHZïDĂFLZRĂFL w y bran y ch k w asó w – Z\PLHQLDPHWRG\RWU]\P\ZDQLDVROL –
]DSLVXMHUöZQDQLDUHDNFMLRWU]\P\ZDQLD Z\EUDQHMVROLFRQDMPQLHMSLÚFLRPDVSRVREDPL
–
SRGDMHQD]Z\Lb]DSLVXMHZ]RU\VXPDU\F]QH Z\EUDQ\FKZRGRURVROLLbK\GURNVRVROL
–
RGV]XNXMHLQIRUPDFMHQDWHPDWZ\VWÚSRZDQLD ZbSU]\URG]LHWOHQNöZLbZRGRURWOHQNöZ
SRGDMH
LFKZ]RU\LbQD]Z\V\VWHPDW\F]QHRUD] zas toso w ania – opisu je EXGRZÚ ZïDĂFLZRĂFL oraz zas toso w ania w odorkó w ZÚJOLNöZLbD]RWNöZ
–
DQDOL]XMHZïDĂFLZRĂFLSLHUZLDVWNöZFKHPLF]Q\FK SRGZ]JOÚGHPPRĝOLZRĂFLWZRU]HQLDWOHQNöZ LbZRGRURWOHQNöZDPIRWHU\F]Q\FK
– SURMHNWXMHGRĂZLDGF]HQLHFKHPLF]QH 3RUöZQDQLHDNW\ZQRĂFLFKHPLF]QHMPHWDOL RUD]]DSLVXMHRGSRZLHGQLHUöZQDQLDUHDNFML FKHPLF]Q\FK
–
RNUHĂODUöĝQLFHZbEXGRZLHF]ÈVWHF]HNVROL RERMÚWQ\FKK\GURNVRVROLLbZRGRURVROLRUD] SRGDMHSU]\NïDG\W\FK]ZLÈ]NöZFKHPLF]Q\FK
– RN UH ĂOD Uö ĝQ LF H Z bE XG RZ LH F ]È VW HF ]H N VR OL RE RM ÚW Q\ FK S UR VW \F K S RG Z öM Q\ FK Lb XZ RG QL RQ \F K – SURMHNWXMHGRĂZLDGF]HQLHFKHPLF]QH 2JU]HZDQLHVLDUF]DQX9,PLHG]L,, Ř ļZRGD RUD] ]DSLVXMH RGSRZLHGQLH UöZQDQLH UHDNFMLFKHPLF]QHM –
XVWDODQD]Z\UöĝQ\FKVROLQDSRGVWDZLHLFK Z]RUöZFKHPLF]Q\FK – XVWDODZ]RU\VROLQDSRGVWDZLHLFKQD]Z – SURSRQXMHPHWRG\ NWöU\PLPRĝQDRWU]\PDÊ
Z\EUDQÈVöOLb]DSLVXMHRGSRZLHGQLHUöZQDQLD UHDNFMLFKHPLF]Q\FK – RF HQ LD N Wö UH ] bS R] QD Q\ FK ] Z LÈ ]N öZ F KH P LF ]Q \F K P DM È LVW RW QH ] QD F] HQ LH Z bS U] HP \Ă OH Lb JR VS RG DU FH –
RNUHĂODW\SZLÈ]DQLDFKHPLF]QHJRZ\VWÚSXMÈFHJR ZbD]RWNDFK
–
]DSLVXMHUöZQDQLDUHDNFMLFKHPLF]Q\FK ZbNWöU\FKZRGRUNLZÚJOLNLLbD]RWNLZ\VWÚSXMÈ MDNRVXEVWUDW\
: \EUDQH ZLDGRPRĂFL LbXPLHMÚWQRĂFL Z\NUDF]DMÈFH SR]D WUHĂÊ Z\PDJDñ SRGVWDZ\ SURJUDPRZHM NWöU\FK VSHï QLHQLH PRĝH E\Ê ZDUXQNLHP Z \VWDZLHQLD
RFHQ\FHOXMÈFHM8F]Hñ ļ SU]\JRWRZXMH LbSUH]HQWXMH SUDFH SURMHNWRZH RUD] ]DGDQLD WHVWR ZH ]bV\VWHPDW\NL ]ZLÈ]NöZ QLHRUJDQLF ]Q\FK ]bXZ]JOÚGQLHQLHP LFK ZïDĂFLZRĂFL RUD] Z\NRU]\VWDQLHP ZLDGRPRĂFL ]b]DNUHVX SRGVWDZRZHJR FKHPLL 4. Stechiometria 2FHQDGRSXV]F]DMÈFD Ocena dostateczna Ocena dobra Ocena bardzo dobra [1] [1 + 2] [1 + 2 + 3] [1 + 2 + 3 + 4]
8F]Hñ – GHILQLXMHSRMÚFLD PRO Lb PDVDPRORZD –
Z\NRQXMHEDUG]RSURVWHREOLF]HQLD]ZLÈ]DQH ]bSRMÚFLDPLPROLbPDVDPRORZD
– SRGDMHWUHĂÊ SUDZD$ YRJDGUD –
Z\NRQXMHSURVWHREOLF]HQLDVWHFKLRPHWU\F]QH ]ZLÈ]DQH]bSRMÚFLHPPDV\PRORZHM ]b]DFKRZDQLHPVWHFKLRPHWU\F]Q\FKLORĂFL VXEVWUDWöZLbSURGXNWöZUHDNFMLFKHPLF]QHM
8F]Hñ – Z\MDĂQLDSRMÚFLH REMÚWRĂÊPRORZDJD]öZ –
Z\NRQXMHSURVWHREOLF]HQLD]ZLÈ]DQH ]bSRMÚFLDPLPROPDVDPRORZDREMÚWRĂÊ PRORZDJD]öZZbZDUXQNDFKQRUPDOQ\FK
– interpretu je ró w nania reakc ji chemiczn y ch na sposób F]ÈVWHF]NRZ\ molo wy , LORĂFLRZR ZbPDVDFKPRORZ\FK , LORĂFLRZR ZbREMÚWRĂFLDFKPRORZ\FK gaz yRUD] LORĂFLRZRZbOLF]EDFKF]ÈVWHF]HN
8F]Hñ – Z\MDĂQLDSRMÚFLD OLF]ED$ YRJDGUD Lb VWDïD$ YRJDGUD – Z\NRQXMHREOLF]HQLD]ZLÈ]DQH]bSRMÚFLDPL mol PDVDPRORZDREMÚWRĂÊPRORZDJD]öZ liczba A v ogadra RbZLÚNV]\PVWRSQLX WUXGQRĂFL – Z\MDĂQLDSRMÚFLH Z\GDMQRĂÊUHDNFMLFKHPLF]QHM –
REOLF]DVNïDGSURFHQWRZ\]ZLÈ]NöZ FKHPLF]Q\FK
8F]Hñ – SRUöZQXMHJÚVWRĂFLUöĝQ\FKJD]öZ QDbSRGVWDZLH]QDMRPRĂFLLFKPDVPRORZ\FK
– wy konu je obliczenia stechiometr y czne GRW\F]ÈFHPDVPRORZ\FK , REMÚWRĂFL molo wy ch OLF]E\F]ÈVWHF]HNRUD]
QLHVWHFKLRPHWU\F]Q\FKLORĂFLVXEVWUDWöZ LbSURGXNWöZRb]QDF]Q\PVWRSQLXWUXGQRĂFL
– Z\MDĂQLDQDF]\PSROHJDMÈ REOLF]HQLD VWHFKLRPHWU\F]QH – Z\NRQXMHSURVWHREOLF]HQLDVWHFKLRPHWU\F]QH ]ZLÈ]DQH]bPDVÈPRORZÈRUD]REMÚWRĂFLÈ PRORZÈVXEVWUDWöZLbSURGXNWöZUHDNFML FKHPLF]QHM
–
Z\MDĂQLDUöĝQLFÚPLÚG]\Z]RUHPHOHPHQWDUQ\P HPSLU\F]Q\PDbZ]RUHPU]HF]\ZLVW\P ]ZLÈ]NXFKHPLF]QHJR
–
UR]ZLÈ]XMHSURVWH]DGDQLD]ZLÈ]DQH ]bXVWDOHQLHPZ]RUöZHOHPHQWDUQ\FK LbU]HF]\ZLVW\FK]ZLÈ]NöZFKHPLF]Q\FK
–
Z\NRQXMHREOLF]HQLD]ZLÈ]DQH ]bZ\GDMQRĂFLÈUHDNFMLFKHPLF]Q\FK
–
Z\NRQXMHREOLF]HQLDXPRĝOLZLDMÈFH RNUHĂOHQLHZ]RUöZHOHPHQWDUQ\FK LbU]HF]\ZLVW\FK]ZLÈ]NöZFKHPLF]Q\FK Rb]QDF]Q\PVWRSQLXWUXGQRĂFL : \EUDQH ZLDGRPRĂFL LbXPLHMÚWQRĂFL Z\NUDF]DMÈFH SR]D WUHĂÊ Z\PDJDñ SRGVWDZ\ SURJUDPRZHM NWöU\FK VSHï QLHQLH PRĝH E\Ê ZDUXQNLHP Z \VWDZLHQLD
RFHQ\FHOXMÈFHM8F]Hñ ļZ\MDĂQLD
UöĝQLFÚ PLÚG]\ JD]HP GRVNRQDï\P DbJD]HP U]HF]\Z LVW\P ļVWRVXMH UöZQDQLH &ODSH\URQD GR REOLF]HQLD REMÚWRĂFL OXE OLF]E\ PROL JD]X ZbGRZROQ\FK ZDUXQNDFK FLĂ QLHQLD LbWHPSHUDWXU\ ļZ\NRQXMH REOLF]HQLD VWHFKLRPHWU\F]QH ]b]DVWRVRZDQLHP UöZQDQLD &ODSH\URQD 5 HDNFMHXWOHQLDQLDUHGXNFML(OHNWURFKHPLD 2FHQDGRSXV]F]DMÈFD [1] Ocena dostateczna [1 + 2] Ocena dobra [1 + 2 + 3] Ocena bardzo dobra [1 + 2 + 3 + 4]
8F]Hñ – GHILQLXMHSRMÚFLH VWRSLHñXWOHQLHQLD SLHUZLDVWNDFKHPLF]QHJR –
Z\PLHQLDUHJXï\REOLF]DQLDVWRSQLXWOHQLHQLD SLHUZLDVWNöZZb]ZLÈ]NDFKFKHPLF]Q\FK
–
RNUHĂODVWRSQLHXWOHQLHQLDSLHUZLDVWNöZ ZbF]ÈVWHF]NDFKSURVW\FK]ZLÈ]NöZ chemiczn
y ch – GHILQLXMHSRMÚFLD UHDNFMDXWOHQLDQLDUHGXNFML UHGRNV XWOHQLDF] UHGXNWRU XWOHQLDQLH UHGXNFMD – ]DSLVXMHSURVWHVFKHPDW\ELODQVXHOHNWURQRZHJR – w skazu je w bSURVW\FK reakc jach redoks XWOHQLDF]UHGXNWRU SURFHVXWOHQLDQLD LbSURFHVUHGXNFML –
Z\PLHQLDQDMZDĝQLHMV]HUHGXNWRU\VWRVRZDQH ZbSU]HP\ĂOH
8F]Hñ – REOLF]D]JRGQLH]bUHJXïDPLVWRSQLH XWOHQLHQLDSLHUZLDVWNöZZbF]ÈVWHF]NDFK ]ZLÈ]NöZQLHRUJDQLF]Q\FKRUJDQLF]Q\FK oraz
jono w y ch –
Z\PLHQLDSU]\NïDG\UHDNFMLUHGRNVRUD] w skazu je ZbQLFK utleniacz , reduktor , proces utleniania Lb proces redukc ji –
GRELHUDZVSöïF]\QQLNLVWHFKLRPHWU\F]QH PHWRGÈELODQVXHOHNWURQRZHJR
ZbSURVW\FK ró w naniach reakc ji redoks –
Z\MDĂQLDQDF]\PSROHJDRWU]\P\ZDQLHPHWDOL ]bUXG]b]DVWRVRZDQLHPUHDNFMLUHGRNV – Z\MDĂQLDSRMÚFLD V]HUHJDNW\ZQRĂFLPHWDOL LbUHDNFMDG\VSURSRUFMRQRZDQLD
8F]Hñ – prze w idu je t y po w e stopnie utlenienia pier w iastkó w chemiczn y ch na podsta w ie NRQILJXUDFMLHOHNWURQRZHMLFKDWRPöZ –
DQDOL]XMHUöZQDQLDUHDNFMLFKHPLF]Q\FK LbRNUHĂODNWöUH]bQLFKVÈUHDNFMDPLUHGRNV – SURMHNWXMHGRĂZLDGF]HQLHFKHPLF]QH 5HDNFMD PDJQH]X]bFKORUNLHPĝHOD]D,,, oraz zapisuje
RGSRZLHGQLHUöZQDQLHUHDNFMLFKHPLF]QHM LbSRGDMHMHJRLQWHUSUHWDFMÚHOHNWURQRZÈ
–
GRELHUDZVSöïF]\QQLNLVWHFKLRPHWU\F]QH PHWRGÈELODQVXHOHNWURQRZHJR ZbUöZQDQLDFKUHDNFMLUHGRNV
ZbW\P ZbUHDNFMDFKG\VSURSRUFMRQRZDQLD –
RNUHĂODNWöUHSLHUZLDVWNLFKHPLF]QHZbVWDQLH ZROQ\POXEZb]ZLÈ]NDFKFKHPLF]Q\FKPRJÈ E\ÊXWOHQLDF]DPLDbNWöUHUHGXNWRUDPL
–
Z\PLHQLD]DVWRVRZDQLDUHDNFMLUHGRNV ZbSU]HP\ĂOHLbZbSURFHVDFKELRFKHPLF]Q\FK
8F]Hñ – RNUHĂODVWRSQLHXWOHQLHQLDSLHUZLDVWNöZ FKHPLF]Q\FKZbF]ÈVWHF]NDFKLbMRQDFK ]ïRĝRQ\FK
– SURMHNWXMHGRĂZLDGF]HQLHFKHPLF]QH 5HDNFMD PLHG]L]bD]RWDQHP9VUHEUD, – SURMHNWXMHGRĂZLDGF]HQLHFKHPLF]QH 5HDNFMDPLHG]L]HVWÚĝRQ\PUR]WZRUHP NZDVXD]RWRZHJR9
–
]DSLVXMHUöZQDQLDUHDNFMLPLHG]L]bD]RWDQHP9 VUHEUD,RUD]VWÚĝRQ\PUR]WZRUHPNZDVX D]RWRZHJR9
LbPHWRGÈELODQVX
HOHNWURQRZHJRGRELHUDZVSöïF]\QQLNL VWHFKLRPHWU\F]QHZbRE\GZXUHDNFMDFK chemiczn
y ch –
DQDOL]XMHV]HUHJDNW\ZQRĂFLPHWDOL LbSU]HZLGXMHSU]HELHJUHDNFMLFKHPLF]Q\FK UöĝQ\FKPHWDOL]
bZRGÈ NZDVDPLLbVRODPL : \EUDQH ZLDGRPRĂFL LbXPLHMÚWQRĂFL Z\NUDF]DMÈFH SR]D WUHĂÊ Z\PDJDñ SRGVWDZ\ SURJUDPRZHM NWöU\FK VSHï QLHQLH PRĝH E\Ê ZDUXQNLHP Z \VWDZLHQLD
RFHQ\FHOXMÈFHM8F]Hñ ļZ\MDĂQLD
SRMÚFLH og niw o g alwani cz n e LbSRGDMH ]DVDGÚ MHJR G]LDïDQLD ļRSLVXMH EXGRZÚ Lb]DVDGÚ G]LDïDQLD RJQLZD 'DQLHOOD ļ]DSLVXMH UöZQDQLD UHDNFML FKHPLF]Q\FK ]DFKRG]ÈF\FK ZbRJQLZLH 'DQLHOOD ļZ\MDĂQLD SRMÚFLH SöïRJQLZR ļZ\MDĂQLD SRMÚFLH VLïDHOHNWURPRWRU\F]QDRJQLZD6(0 ļ REOLF]D VLïÚ HOHNWURPRWRU\F]QÈ GRZROQHJR RJQLZDNRU]\VWDMÈF ]V]HUHJX QDSLÚFLRZHJR PHWDOL ļZ\MDĂQLD SRMÚFLH n o rmalna el ek tr o da w o d o ro wa
ļ GH ILQ LX MH S RM ÚF LD S RW HQ FM Dï V WD QG DU GR Z \ Sö ïR JQ LZ D Lbs ze re g e le k tr o ch em ic zn y m et a li ļRPDZLD SURFHV NRUR]ML FKHPLF]QHM RUD] NRUR]ML HOHNWURFKHPLF]QHM PHWDOL ļZ\PLHQLD PHWRG\ ]DEH]SLHF]HQLD PHWDOL SU]HG NRUR]MÈ ļRPDZLD SURFHV HOHNWUROL]\ ZRGQ\FK UR]WZRUöZ HOHNWUROLWöZ LbVWRSLRQ\FK VROL ļ ]DSLVXMH UöZQDQLD UHDNFML HOHNWURGRZ\FK GOD UR]WZRUöZ ZRGQ\FK LbVWRSLRQ\FK VROL ļ Z\MDĂQLD UöĝQLFÚ PLÚG]\ SU]HELHJLHP SURFHVöZ HOHNWURGRZ\FK ZbRJQLZDFK LbSRGF]DV HOHNWUROL]\
5 R]WZRU\ 2FHQDGRSXV]F]DMÈFD [1] Ocena dostateczna [1 + 2] Ocena dobra [1 + 2 + 3] Ocena bardzo dobra [1 + 2 + 3 + 4]
8F]Hñ – GHILQLXMHSRMÚFLD UR]WZöU , PLHV]DQLQD MHGQRURGQD , PLHV]DQLQDQLHMHGQRURGQD , UR]SXV]F]DOQLN , VXEVWDQFMDUR]SXV]F]DQD , UR]WZöUZïDĂFLZ\ , ]DZLHVLQD , UR]WZöUQDV\FRQ\ , UR]WZöUQLHQDV\FRQ\ , UR]WZöUSU]HV\FRQ\ , UR]SXV]F]DQLH , UR]SXV]F]DOQRĂÊ , NU\VWDOL]DFMD –
Z\PLHQLDPHWRG\UR]G]LHODQLDQDVNïDGQLNL PLHV]DQLQQLHMHGQRURGQ\FKLbMHGQRURGQ\FK
– VSRU]ÈG]DZRGQHUR]WZRU\VXEVWDQFML –
Z\PLHQLDF]\QQLNLSU]\VSLHV]DMÈFH UR]SXV]F]DQLHVXEVWDQFMLZbZRG]LH
– Z\PLHQLDSU]\NïDG\UR]WZRUöZ]QDQ\FK ]bĝ\FLDFRG]LHQQHJR – GHILQLXMHSRMÚFLD NRORLG ]RO ĝHO , NRDJXODFMD , SHSW\]DFMD , GHQDWXUDFMD –
Z\PLHQLDUöĝQLFHZHZïDĂFLZRĂFLDFK UR]WZRUöZZïDĂFLZ\FKNRORLGöZLb]DZLHVLQ
–
RGF]\WXMHLQIRUPDFMH]bZ\NUHVX UR]SXV]F]DOQRĂFLQDWHPDWZ\EUDQHMVXEVWDQFML
– GHILQLXMHSRMÚFLD VWÚĝHQLHSURFHQWRZH Lb VWÚĝHQLH PRORZH –
Z\NRQXMHSURVWHREOLF]HQLD]ZLÈ]DQH ]bSRMÚFLDPLVWÚĝHQLHSURFHQWRZHLbVWÚĝHQLH PRORZH
8F]Hñ – Z\MDĂQLDSRMÚFLD NRORLG ]RO ĝHO , NRDJXODFMD , SHSW\]DFMD , GHQDWXUDFMD , NRORLGOLRIRERZ\ , NRORLG OLRILORZ\ , HIHNW7 \QGDOOD –
Z\PLHQLDSU]\NïDG\UR]WZRUöZRbUöĝQ\PVWDQLH VNXSLHQLDUR]SXV]F]DOQLNDLbVXEVWDQFML rozpuszczanej
– oma w ia sposob y rozdzielania rozt w oró w
ZïDĂFLZ\FKVXEVWDQFMLVWDï\FKZbFLHF]DFK FLHF]\ZbFLHF]DFKQDVNïDGQLNL
– Z\PLHQLD]DVWRVRZDQLDNRORLGöZ –
Z\MDĂQLDPHFKDQL]PUR]SXV]F]DQLDVXEVWDQFML ZbZRG]LH
–
Z\MDĂQLDUöĝQLFHPLÚG]\UR]SXV]F]DQLHP DbUR]WZDU]DQLHP
–
Z\MDĂQLDUöĝQLFÚPLÚG]\UR]SXV]F]DOQRĂFLÈ DbV]\ENRĂFLÈUR]SXV]F]DQLDVXEVWDQFML
–
VSUDZG]DGRĂZLDGF]DOQLHZSï\ZUöĝQ\FK F]\QQLNöZQDV]\ENRĂÊUR]SXV]F]DQLDVXEVWDQFML
–
RGF]\WXMHLQIRUPDFMH]bZ\NUHVöZ UR]SXV]F]DOQRĂFLQDWHPDWUöĝQ\FKVXEVWDQFML
– Z\MDĂQLDPHFKDQL]PSURFHVXNU\VWDOL]DFML –
SURMHNWXMHGRĂZLDGF]HQLHFKHPLF]QHPDMÈFHQD FHOXZ\KRGRZDQLHNU\V]WDïöZZ\EUDQHM VXEVWDQFML
–
Z\NRQXMHREOLF]HQLD]ZLÈ]DQH]bSRMÚFLDPL VWÚĝHQLHSURFHQWRZHLbVWÚĝHQLHPRORZH
8F]Hñ – SURMHNWXMHGRĂZLDGF]HQLHFKHPLF]QH 5R]SXV]F]DQLHUöĝQ\FKVXEVWDQFMLZbZRG]LH RUD]bGRNRQXMHSRG]LDïXUR]WZRUöZ]HZ]JOÚGX QDUR]PLDU\F]ÈVWHNVXEVWDQFMLUR]SXV]F]RQHM QDUR]WZRU\ZïDĂFLZH]DZLHVLQ\LbNRORLG\
–
SURMHNWXMHGRĂZLDGF]HQLHFKHPLF]QH SR]ZDODMÈFHUR]G]LHOLÊPLHV]DQLQÚ QLHMHGQRURGQÈVXEVWDQFMLVWDï\FK ZbFLHF]DFKQDVNïDGQLNL
– SURMHNWXMHGRĂZLDGF]HQLHFKHPLF]QH %DGDQLH ZSï\ZXWHPSHUDWXU\QDUR]SXV]F]DOQRĂÊJD]öZ ZbZRG]LH RUD]IRUPXïXMHZQLRVHN –
DQDOL]XMHZ\NUHV\UR]SXV]F]DOQRĂFLUöĝQ\FK VXEVWDQFML
–
Z\MDĂQLDZbMDNLVSRVöEPRĝQDRWU]\PDÊXNïDG\ NRORLGDOQHNRQGHQVDFMDG\VSHUVMD
– SURMHNWXMHGRĂZLDGF]HQLHFKHPLF]QH .RDJXODFMD ELDïND RUD]RNUHĂODZïDĂFLZRĂFLUR]WZRUXELDïND jaja –
VSRU]ÈG]DUR]WZöUQDV\FRQ\LbQLHQDV\FRQ\ Z\EUDQHMVXEVWDQFMLZbRNUHĂORQHMWHPSHUDWXU]H NRU]\VWDMÈF]bZ\NUHVXUR]SXV]F]DOQRĂFLWHM VXEVWDQFML
–
Z\PLHQLD]DVDG\SRVWÚSRZDQLDSRGF]DV VSRU]ÈG]DQLDUR]WZRUöZRbRNUHĂORQ\PVWÚĝHQLX SURFHQWRZ\POXEPRORZ\P
–
Z\NRQXMHREOLF]HQLD]ZLÈ]DQH]bSRMÚFLDPL VWÚĝHQLHSURFHQWRZHLbVWÚĝHQLHPRORZH ]bXZ]JOÚGQLHQLHPJÚVWRĂFLUR]WZRUX 8F]Hñ – SURMHNWXMHGRĂZLDGF]HQLHFKHPLF]QH %DGDQLH UR]SXV]F]DOQRĂFLFKORUNXVRGXZbZRG]LH LbEHQ]\QLH
RUD]RNUHĂODRGF]HJR]DOHĝ\UR]SXV]F]DOQRĂÊ VXEVWDQFML
–
Z\PLHQLDSU]\NïDG\VXEVWDQFMLWZRU]ÈF\FK XNïDG\NRORLGDOQHSU]H]NRQGHQVDFMÚOXE G\VSHUVMÚ
–
SURMHNWXMHLbSU]HSURZDG]DGRĂZLDGF]HQLH FKHPLF]QH
2EVHUZDFMDZLÈ]NLĂZLDWïD SU]HFKRG]ÈFHMSU]H]UR]WZöUZïDĂFLZ\Lb]RO oraz IRUPXïXMHZQLRVHN –
Z\PLHQLDVSRVRE\RWU]\P\ZDQLDUR]WZRUöZ QDV\FRQ\FK]bUR]WZRUöZQLHQDV\FRQ\FK LbRGZURWQLHNRU]\VWDMÈF]bZ\NUHVöZ UR]SXV]F]DOQRĂFLVXEVWDQFML
– wy konu je odpo w iednie obliczenia
FKHPLF]QHDbQDVWÚSQLHVSRU]ÈG]D UR]WZRU\RbRNUHĂORQ\PVWÚĝHQLX SURFHQWRZ\PLbPRORZ\P
]DFKRZXMÈF SRSUDZQÈNROHMQRĂÊZ\NRQ\ZDQ\FKF]\QQRĂFL –
REOLF]DVWÚĝHQLHSURFHQWRZHOXEPRORZH UR]WZRUXRWU]\PDQHJRSU]H]]PLHV]DQLHGZöFK UR]WZRUöZRbUöĝQ\FKVWÚĝHQLDFK
–
Z\NRQXMHREOLF]HQLDGRW\F]ÈFHSU]HOLF]DQLD VWÚĝHñSURFHQWRZ\FKLbPRORZ\FKUR]WZRUöZ
: \EUDQH ZLDGRPRĂFL LbXPLHMÚWQRĂFL Z\NUDF]DMÈFH SR]D WUHĂFL Z\PDJDñ SRGVWDZ\ SURJUDPRZHM NWöU\FK VSH ïQLHQLH PRĝH E\Ê ZDUXQNLHP Z\VWDZLHQLD
RFHQ\FHOXMÈFHM8F]Hñ ļSU]HOLF]D
]DZDUWRĂÊ VXEVWDQFML ZbUR]WZRU]H Z\UDĝRQÈ ]D SRP RFÈ VWÚĝHQLD SURFHQWRZHJR QD VWÚĝHQLD Zb SSP LbSSE RUD] SRGDMH ]DVWRVRZDQLD W\FK MHGQRVWHN ļZ\MDĂQLD SRMÚFLH VWÚĝHQLHPDVRZHUR]WZRUX ļ Z\NRQXMH REOLF]HQLD ]ZLÈ]DQH ]b SRMÚFLDPL VWÚĝHQLH SURFHQWRZH VWÚĝHQLH PRORZH Lb VWÚĝHQLH PDVRZH ]b XZ]JOÚGQLHQLHP JÚVWRĂFL UR]WZRUöZ RUD] LFK PLHV]DQLD ]DWÚĝDQLD LbUR]FLHñF]DQLD ļZ\NRQXMH REOLF]HQLD ]ZLÈ]DQH ]bUR]SXV]F]DQLHP K\GUDWöZ
7. Kinet y ka chemiczna 2FHQDGRSXV]F]DMÈFD [1] Ocena dostateczna [1 + 2] Ocena dobra [1 + 2 + 3] Ocena bardzo dobra [1 + 2 + 3 + 4]
8F]Hñ – GHILQLXMHSRMÚFLD XNïDG , RWRF]HQLH , XNïDGRWZDUW\ , XNïDG]DPNQLÚW\ , XNïDGL]RORZDQ\ , HQHUJLD ZHZQÚWU]QDXNïDGX , HIHNWFLHSOQ\UHDNFML , UHDNFMD HJ]RWHUPLF]QD , UHDNFMDHQGRWHUPLF]QD , SURFHV HQGRHQHUJHW\F]Q\ , SURFHVHJ]RHQHUJHW\F]Q\ – GHILQLXMHSRMÚFLD V]\ENRĂÊUHDNFML FKHPLF]QHM HQHUJLDDNW\ZDFML NDWDOL]D NDWDOL]DWRU – Z\PLHQLDURG]DMHNDWDOL]\ –
Z\PLHQLDF]\QQLNLZSï\ZDMÈFHQDV]\ENRĂÊ UHDNFMLFKHPLF]QHM
8F]Hñ – Z\MDĂQLDSRMÚFLD XNïDG , RWRF]HQLH , XNïDGRWZDUW\ , XNïDG]DPNQLÚW\ , XNïDGL]RORZDQ\ , HQHUJLD ZHZQÚWU]QDXNïDGX , HIHNWFLHSOQ\UHDNFML , UHDNFMD HJ]RWHUPLF]QD , UHDNFMDHQGRWHUPLF]QD , SURFHV HJ]RHQHUJHW\F]Q\ , SURFHVHQGRHQHUJHW\F]Q\ , SUDFD , FLHSïR , HQHUJLDFDïNRZLWDXNïDGX – Z\MDĂQLDSRMÚFLD WHRULD]GHU]HñDNW\ZQ\FK , NRPSOHNVDNW\ZQ\ , UöZQDQLHNLQHW\F]QHUHDNFML FKHPLF]QHM –
RPDZLDZSï\ZUöĝQ\FKF]\QQLNöZQDV]\ENRĂÊ UHDNFMLFKHPLF]QHM
8F]Hñ – SU]HSURZDG]DUHDNFMHEÚGÈFHSU]\NïDGDPL procesó
w egzoenerget y czn y ch
LbHQGRHQHUJHW\F]Q\FKRUD]Z\MDĂQLDLVWRWÚ ]DFKRG]ÈF\FKSURFHVöZ
–
SURMHNWXMHGRĂZLDGF]HQLHFKHPLF]QH 5R]SXV]F]DQLHD]RWDQX9DPRQXZbZRG]LH
– SURMHNWXMHGRĂZLDGF]HQLHFKHPLF]QH 5HDNFMD ZRGRURZÚJODQXVRGX]bNZDVHPHWDQRZ\P –
SURMHNWXMHGRĂZLDGF]HQLHFKHPLF]QH 5R]SXV]F]DQLHZRGRURWOHQNXVRGXZbZRG]LH
– SURMHNWXMHGRĂZLDGF]HQLHFKHPLF]QH 5HDNFMDPDJQH]X]bNZDVHP FKORURZRGRURZ\P
– SURMHNWXMHGRĂZLDGF]HQLHFKHPLF]QH 5HDNFMDF\QNX]bNZDVHPVLDUNRZ\P9, – Z\MDĂQLDSRMÚFLD V]\ENRĂÊUHDNFMLFKHPLF]QHM LbHQHUJLDDNW\ZDFML –
]DSLVXMHUöZQDQLDNLQHW\F]QHUHDNFML FKHPLF]Q\FK
– XGRZDGQLDZSï\ZWHPSHUDWXU\ VWÚĝHQLD
VXEVWUDWXUR]GUREQLHQLDVXEVWDQFML LbNDWDOL]DWRUDQDV]\ENRĂÊ
Z\EUDQ\FK reakc ji chemiczn y ch SU]HSURZDG]DMÈFRGSRZLHGQLH GRĂZLDGF]HQLDFKHPLF]QH – SURMHNWXMH GRĂZLDGF]HQLH FKHPLF]QH :Sï\Z
VWÚĝHQLDVXEVWUDWXQDV]\ENRĂÊUHDNFML FKHPLF]QHM
LbIRUPXïXMHZQLRVHN – SURMHNWXMH GRĂZLDGF]HQLH FKHPLF]QH :Sï\Z WHPSHUDWXU\QDV]\ENRĂÊUHDNFMLFKHPLF]QHM ,
]DSLVXMHRGSRZLHGQLHUöZQDQLHUHDNFML FKHPLF]QHMLbIRUPXïXMHZQLRVHN
– SURMHNWXMHGRĂZLDGF]HQLHFKHPLF]QH 5R]GUREQLHQLHVXEVWUDWöZDbV]\ENRĂÊUHDNFML FKHPLF]QHM
LbIRUPXïXMHZQLRVHN – SURMHNWXMHGRĂZLDGF]HQLHFKHPLF]QH .DWDOLW\F]QDV\QWH]DMRGNXPDJQH]X LbIRUPXïXMHZQLRVHN – SURMHNWXMHGRĂZLDGF]HQLHFKHPLF]QH .DWDOLW\F]Q\UR]NïDGQDGWOHQNXZRGRUX ,
]DSLVXMHRGSRZLHGQLHUöZQDQLHUHDNFML FKHPLF]QHMLbIRUPXïXMHZQLRVHN
– SRGDMHWUHĂÊ UHJXï\YDQ ijW+RIID –
Z\NRQXMHSURVWHREOLF]HQLDFKHPLF]QH ]b]DVWRVRZDQLHPUHJXï\YDQW+RIID
–
RNUHĂOD]PLDQÚHQHUJLLUHDNFMLFKHPLF]QHMSU]H] NRPSOHNVDNW\ZQ\
8F]Hñ – XGRZDGQLDĝHUHDNFMHHJ]RHQHUJHW\F]QHQDOHĝÈ GRSURFHVöZVDPRU]XWQ\FKDbUHDNFMH HQGRHQHUJHW\F]QHGRSURFHVöZZ\PXV]RQ\FK
– Z\MDĂQLDSRMÚFLH HQWDOSLDXNïDGX – NZDOLILNXMH podane SU]\NïDG\UHDNFML chemiczn y ch do reakc ji HJ]RHQHUJHW\F]Q\FK D H OXEbHQGRHQHUJHW\F]Q\FK D H !
QDSRGVWDZLHUöĝQLF\HQWDOSLLVXEVWUDWöZ LbSURGXNWöZ
–
Z\NRQXMHREOLF]HQLDFKHPLF]QH ]b]DVWRVRZDQLHPSRMÚÊ
V]\ENRĂÊUHDNFML FKHPLF]QHM , UöZQDQLHNLQHW\F]QH , UHJXïDYDQW +RIID –
XGRZDGQLD]DOHĝQRĂÊPLÚG]\URG]DMHPUHDNFML FKHPLF]QHMDb]DVREHPHQHUJLLZHZQÚWU]QHM VXEVWUDWöZLbSURGXNWöZ
–
Z\MDĂQLDUöĝQLFHPLÚG]\NDWDOL]ÈKRPRJHQLF]QÈ NDWDOL]ÈKHWHURJHQLF]QÈLbDXWRNDWDOL]ÈRUD] SRGDMH]DVWRVRZDQLDW\FKSURFHVöZ
–
SRUöZQXMHURG]DMHNDWDOL]\LbSRGDMHLFK zas toso w ania – Z\MDĂQLDFRWRVÈ inhibitor yRUD]SRGDMHLFK SU]\NïDG\ –
Z\MDĂQLDUöĝQLFÚPLÚG]\NDWDOL]DWRUHP DbLQKLELWRUHP
–
U\VXMHZ\NUHV]PLDQVWÚĝHQLDVXEVWUDWöZ LbSURGXNWöZRUD]V]\ENRĂFLUHDNFML FKHPLF]QHMZbIXQNFMLF]DVX
: \EUDQH ZLDGRPRĂFL LbXPLHMÚWQRĂFL Z\NUDF]DMÈFH SR]D WUHĂÊ Z\PDJDñ SRGVWDZ\ SURJUDPRZHM NWöU\FK VSHï QLHQLH PRĝH E\Ê ZDUXQNLHP Z \VWDZLHQLD
RFHQ\FHOXMÈFHM8F]Hñ ļZ\MDĂQLDSRMÚFLH
ró wnani e t erm oc h emi cz n e,
ļRNUHĂODZDUXQNLVWDQGDUGRZH ļGHILQLXMHSRMÚFLD
standard o wa ental p ia tw o rz enia Lb standard o wa ental p ia sp alania , ļSRGDMHWUHĂÊ UHJXï\/ DYRLVLHUD/ DSODFHD bLb p rawa H ess a,
ļVWRVXMHSUDZR+HVVDZbREOLF]HQLDFKWHUPRFKHPLF]Q\FK ļGRNRQXMHREOLF]HñWHUPRFKHPLF]Q\FK]bZ\NRU]\VWDQLHPUöZQDQLD
WHUPRFKHPLF]QHJR ļ]DSLVXMHRJöOQHUöZQDQLDNLQHW\F]QHUHDNFMLFKHPLF]Q\FKLbQD LFKSRGVWDZLHRNUHĂODU]ÈGW\FKUHDNF MLFKHPLF]Q\FK ļGHILQLXMHSRMÚFLH RNUHVSöïWUZDQLDUHDNFMLFKHPLF]QHM , ļZ\MDĂQLDSRMÚFLH WHPSHUDWXURZ\ZVSöïF]\QQLNV]\ENRĂFLUHDNFMLFKHPLF]QHM , ļRPDZLDSURFHVELRNDWDOL]\LbZ\MDĂQLDSRMÚFLH ELRNDWDOL]DWRU\ , ļZ\MDĂQLDSRMÚFLH DNW\ZDWRU\ . 5 HDNFMHZbZRGQ\FKUR]WZRUDFKHOHNWUROLWöZ 2FHQDGRSXV]F]DMÈFD [1] 2FHQDGRVWDWHF]QD [1 + 2]
2FHQDGREUD [1 + 2 + 3]
2FHQDEDUG]RGREUD [1 + 2 + 3 + 4]
8F]Hñ – Z\MDĂQLDSRMÚFLD elektrolit yLb nieelektrolit y – RPDZLD]DïRĝHQLD teorii d ys oc jac ji elektrolit yc zne j (j onowe j) A rrheniu sa ZbRGQLHVLHQLXGRNZDVöZ ]DVDGLbVROL – GHILQLXMHSRMÚFLD reakc ja odwracalna reakc ja nieodwracalna s tan równowa gi chemic zne j VWDïD d ys oc jac ji elektrolit yc zne j h ydroli za soli – SRGDMHWUHĂÊ SUDZDG]LDïDQLDPDV – SRGDMHWUHĂÊ UHJXï\SU]HNRU\/H&KDWHOLHUD %UDXQD –
]DSLVXMHSURVWHUöZQDQLDG\VRFMDFMLMRQRZHM HOHNWUROLWöZLbSRGDMHQD]Z\SRZVWDMÈF\FK jonó
w – GHILQLXMHSRMÚFLH VWRSQLHñG\VRFMDFML elektrolit yc zne j –
Z\PLHQLDSU]\NïDG\HOHNWUROLWöZPRFQ\FK LbVïDE\FK
8F]Hñ – Z\MDĂQLDNU\WHULXPSRG]LDïXVXEVWDQFML QDbHOHNWUROLW\LbQLHHOHNWUROLW\
–
Z\MDĂQLDUROÚF]ÈVWHF]HNZRG\MDNRGLSROL ZbSURFHVLHG\VRFMDFMLHOHNWUROLW\F]QHM
– SRGDMH]DïRĝHQLD teorii Br ø n st eda-L o w ry ’e g o ZbRGQLHVLHQLXGRNZDVöZLb]DVDG – SRGDMH]DïRĝHQLD WHRULL/HZLVD ZbRGQLHVLHQLXGR NZDVöZLb]DVDG –
]DSLVXMHUöZQDQLDUHDNFMLG\VRFMDFMLMRQRZHM NZDVöZ
]DVDGLbVROLEH]XZ]JOÚGQLDQLD G\VRFMDFMLZLHORVWRSQLRZHM –
Z\MDĂQLDNU\WHULXPSRG]LDïXHOHNWUROLWöZQD PRFQHLbVïDEH
–
SRUöZQXMHPRFHOHNWUROLWöZQDSRGVWDZLH ZDUWRĂFLLFKVWDï\FKG\VRFMDFML
–
Z\PLHQLDSU]\NïDG\UHDNFMLRGZUDFDOQ\FK LbQLHRGZUDFDOQ\FK
8F]Hñ – SURMHNWXMHLbSU]HSURZDG]DGRĂZLDGF]HQLH FKHPLF]QH
%DGDQLH]MDZLVNDSU]HZRG]HQLDSUÈGX elektr yc zne go i b]PLDQ\EDUZ\ZVNDěQLNöZ NZDVRZR ]DVDGRZ\FKZbZRGQ\FKUR]WZRUDFK UöĝQ\FK]ZLÈ]NöZFKHPLF]Q\FK oraz dokonuje SRG]LDïXVXEVWDQFMLQDHOHNWUROLW\LbQLHHOHNWUROLW\ – Z\MDĂQLD]DïRĝHQLDWHRULL%U ø QVWHGD /RZU\ ijHJRZbRGQLHVLHQLXGRNZDVöZ Lb]DVDG RUD]Z\PLHQLDSU]\NïDG\NZDVöZ Lb]DVDGZHGïXJ]QDQ\FKWHRULL – VWRVXMHSUDZRG]LDïDQLDPDV QDNRQNUHWQ\P SU]\NïDG]LHUHDNFMLRGZUDFDOQHM QS G\VRFMDFMLVïDE\FKHOHNWUROLWöZ –
]DSLVXMHUöZQDQLDUHDNFMLG\VRFMDFMLMRQRZHM NZDVöZ
]DVDGLbVROLXZ]JOÚGQLDMÈFG\VRFMDFMÚ VWRSQLRZÈQLHNWöU\FKNZDVöZLb]DVDG
8F]Hñ – RPDZLDQDGRZROQ\FKSU]\NïDGDFKNZDVöZ Lb]DVDGUöĝQLFHZbLQWHUSUHWDFMLG\VRFMDFML HOHNWUROLW\F]QHMZHGïXJWHRULL$UUKHQLXVD %UýQVWHGD/RZU\
ijHJRLb/HZLVD –
VWRVXMHSUDZRG]LDïDQLDPDVZbUöĝQ\FK UHDNFMDFKRGZUDFDOQ\FK
–
SU]HZLGXMHZDUXQNLSU]HELHJXNRQNUHWQ\FK UHDNFMLFKHPLF]Q\FKZbFHOX]ZLÚNV]HQLDLFK Z\GDMQRĂFL
–
Z\MDĂQLDPHFKDQL]PSURFHVXG\VRFMDFMLMRQRZHM ]bXZ]JOÚGQLHQLHPUROLZRG\ZbW\PSURFHVLH
–
]DSLVXMHUöZQDQLDUHDNFMLG\VRFMDFMLMRQRZHM NZDVöZ
]DVDGLbVROL]bXZ]JOÚGQLHQLHP G\VRFMDFMLZLHORVWRSQLRZHM –
Z\MDĂQLDSU]\F]\QÚNZDVRZHJRRGF]\QX UR]WZRUöZNZDVöZRUD]]DVDGRZHJR RGF]\QXUR]WZRUöZZRGRURWOHQNöZ
– Z\MDĂQLDQDF]\PSROHJDUHDNFMD]RERMÚWQLDQLD Lb]DSLVXMHRGSRZLHGQLHUöZQDQLHUHDNFML FKHPLF]QHMZbSRVWDFLF]ÈVWHF]NRZHM
–
ZVND]XMHZbWDEHOLUR]SXV]F]DOQRĂFLVROL LbZRGRURWOHQNöZZbZRG]LH]ZLÈ]NLFKHPLF]QH WUXGQRUR]SXV]F]DOQH
–
]DSLVXMHSURVWHUöZQDQLDUHDNFMLVWUÈFDQLD RVDGöZZbSRVWDFLF]ÈVWHF]NRZHM
– Z\MDĂQLDSRMÚFLH RGF]\QUR]WZRUX – Z\PLHQLDSRGVWDZRZHZVNDěQLNLNZDVRZR ]DVDGRZHS+LbRPDZLDLFK]DVWRVRZDQLD –
Z\MDĂQLDFRWRMHVWVNDODS+LbZbMDNLVSRVöE PRĝQD]bQLHMNRU]\VWDÊ
– zapisu je w zór matemat y czn y SU]HGVWDZLDMÈF\WUHĂÊSUDZDG]LDïDQLDPDV – Z\MDĂQLDUHJXïÚSU]HNRU\ –
Z\PLHQLDF]\QQLNLZSï\ZDMÈFHQDVWDQ ró w no w agi chemiczne j –
]DSLVXMHZ]RU\PDWHPDW\F]QHQDREOLF]DQLH VWRSQLDG\VRFMDFMLHOHNWUROLW\F]QHMLbVWDïHM G\VRFMDFMLHOHNWUROLW\F]QHM
–
Z\PLHQLDF]\QQLNLZSï\ZDMÈFHQDZDUWRĂÊVWDïHM G\VRFMDFMLHOHNWUROLW\F]QHMLbVWRSQLDG\VRFMDFML HOHNWUROLW\F]QHM
–
]DSLVXMHUöZQDQLDUHDNFML]RERMÚWQLDQLD ZbSRVWDFLF]ÈVWHF]NRZHMLbMRQRZHM
–
DQDOL]XMHWDEHOÚUR]SXV]F]DOQRĂFLVROL LbZRGRURWOHQNöZZbZRG]LHSRGNÈWHP PRĝOLZRĂFLSU]HSURZDG]HQLDUHDNFMLVWUÈFDQLD RVDGöZ
–
]DSLVXMHUöZQDQLDUHDNFMLVWUÈFDQLDRVDGöZ ZbSRVWDFLF]ÈVWHF]NRZHMLbMRQRZHM
–
Z\]QDF]DS+UR]WZRUöZ]bXĝ\FLHP ZVNDěQLNöZNZDVRZR
]DVDGRZ\FKRUD] RNUHĂODLFKRGF]\Q
– w y konu je obliczenia chemiczne ]b]DVWRVRZDQLHPSRMÚFLD VWRSLHñG\VRFMDFML – VWRVXMHUHJXïÚSU]HNRU\ ZbNRQNUHWQ\FK reakc jach chemiczn y ch –
SRUöZQXMHSU]HZRGQLFWZRHOHNWU\F]QH UR]WZRUöZUöĝQ\FKNZDVöZRbWDNLFKVDP\FK VWÚĝHQLDFKLbLQWHUSUHWXMHZ\QLNLGRĂZLDGF]Hñ FKHPLF]Q\FK
–
SURMHNWXMHLbSU]HSURZDG]DGRĂZLDGF]HQLH FKHPLF]QHPDMÈFHQDFHOX]EDGDQLH SU]HZRGQLFWZDUR]WZRUöZNZDVXRFWRZHJR RbUöĝQ\FKVWÚĝHQLDFKRUD]LQWHUSUHWXMHZ\QLNL GRĂZLDGF]HQLDFKHPLF]QHJR
– SURMHNWXMHGRĂZLDGF]HQLHFKHPLF]QH 5HDNFMH]RERMÚWQLDQLD]DVDGNZDVDPL –
]DSLVXMHUöZQDQLDUHDNFML]RERMÚWQLDQLD ZbSRVWDFLF]ÈVWHF]NRZHMMRQRZHM LbVNUöFRQHJR]DSLVXMRQRZHJR
– bada odcz y n w odn y ch rozt w oró w soli
LbLQWHUSUHWXMHZ\QLNLGRĂZLDGF]Hñ chemiczn
y ch –
SU]HZLGXMHQDSRGVWDZLHZ]RUöZVROLNWöUH ]bQLFKXOHJDMÈUHDNFMLK\GUROL]\RUD]RNUHĂOD URG]DMUHDNFMLK\GUROL]\
– zapisu je ró w nania reakc ji h y droliz y soli ZbSRVWDFLF]ÈVWHF]NRZHMLbMRQRZHM
zapisu je odpo w iednie ró w nania reakc ji chemiczn y ch –
]DSLVXMHUöZQDQLDG\VRFMDFMLMRQRZHMXĝ\ZDMÈF Z]RUöZRJöOQ\FKNZDVöZ
]DVDGLbVROL –
DQDOL]XMH]DOHĝQRĂÊVWRSQLDG\VRFMDFMLRGURG]DMX HOHNWUROLWXLbVWÚĝHQLDUR]WZRUX
–
Z\NRQXMHREOLF]HQLDFKHPLF]QHNRU]\VWDMÈF ]bGHILQLFMLVWRSQLDG\VRFMDFML
–
RPDZLDLVWRWÚUHDNFML]RERMÚWQLDQLDLbVWUÈFDQLD RVDGöZRUD]SRGDMH]DVWRVRZDQLDW\FKUHDNFML FKHPLF]Q\FK
– SURMHNWXMHGRĂZLDGF]HQLHFKHPLF]QH 2WU]\P\ZDQLHRVDGöZWUXGQR UR]SXV]F]DOQ\FKZRGRURWOHQNöZ
– SURMHNWXMHGRĂZLDGF]HQLHFKHPLF]QH 6WUÈFDQLHRVDGXWUXGQRUR]SXV]F]DOQHMVROL –
]DSLVXMHUöZQDQLDUHDNFMLVWUÈFDQLDRVDGöZ ZbSRVWDFLF]ÈVWHF]NRZHMMRQRZHM LbVNUöFRQHJR]DSLVXMRQRZHJR
–
Z\MDĂQLD]DOHĝQRĂÊPLÚG]\S+DbLORF]\QHP MRQRZ\PZRG\
–
SRVïXJXMHVLÚSRMÚFLHPS+ZbRGQLHVLHQLXGR RGF]\QXUR]WZRUXLbVWÚĝHQLDMRQöZ+
+