J A N U A R Y t * 4 4
CHEMICAL PURITY
. . . h e lp A i n  u i i ^ u f . ¿ p e e d u p .
«ncU FLUORESCENT LIGHTING
C ylinders o f "d a y lig h t” o p e n in g up new realm s in lighting! T h a t’s F luorescent L ig h tin g , one o f th e m ost b rillia n t scientific discoveries
recent years.
U n d er h ig h er levels o f illu m in a tio n —in soft, cool, diffused lig h t
—w orkers in ind ustry attain g re a te r speed, finer precision. Errors are few er. Eyes are less fatigued. P ro d u ctio n steps up!
T his m o d ern m iracle—F luorescent L ig h tin g —cam e only after years o f research. B ak er played its p a rt in co n trib u tin g ch em icals;
o f ex tra o rd in ary p u rity to m ake possible the fluorescent substance j on the in n er surface o f th e cylinder. H ere, pu rity was de
manded—so th a t clear, b rig h t lig h t m ig h t com e th ro u g h .
T h is is only on e o f m any instances w here purity, as exem plified by B aker Chem icals, has increased efficiency in to d ay ’s forw ard m arch o f industry.
B aker’s In d u strial Chem icals (purity by th e ton) have been sup
plied to m any m an ufactu ring concerns fo r the m anufacture o r processing o f m any p ro d u c ts. I f you have special chem ical requ ire
m ents for w ar p ro d u c tio n o r in an ticip atio n o f post-w ar needs,
J . T. B A K E R C H E M IC A L C O ., P h illip s b u rg , N . J .I
N E W Y O R K P H I L A D E L P H I A C H I C A G O *
4 2 0 L e x in g t o n A v e n u e 2 2 0 S . 16th S t r e e t 4 3 5 N M ic h ig a n A v e j j
l u n i i c T D i m
a i i c mi n n i c i
• FILTERAIDS for speedier, better, more economical filtration with brilliant clarity of the liquor. • INERT FILLERS that add volume and reduce weight, add other desirable properties, facilitate production, reduce costs of many products. • C A TA LYST C A R RIERS for petroleum cracking processes, and for hydrogenation. O ther m aterials, highly absorptive, aid manufacture of explosives, insecticides, etc., and are used as general absorbents in many processes. • IN SULATIO N for heated equipment, which in many cases more than pays for itself within one y e a r in fuel savings alone. • A DICALITE EN G IN EER is at your service to demonstrate application in your own operations. Pro
duced from diatomaceous silica of highest purity, under expert technical control and to exacting specifications, all Dicalite m aterials are uniformly high in q uality. Supply is am ple, shipments prompt. Complete information on request.
*V
G A i / .THE DICALITE COMPANY
520 No. Michigan Ave., CHICAGO • 120 Wall St., NEW YORK . 756 So. Broadway, LOS ANGELES
JOBBERS AND OFFICES IN PRINCIPAL CITIES OF U.S.A. AND REPRESENTATIVES IN FOREIGN COUNTRIES
C A L IT E
■ a l l i s s »
fie cru d e d ia - silic a , of e x - u rit y , th a t is
i l i l l i l l i
r q u a lit y ite p ro d u cts.. . • valuable wartime operating aids
E D IT O R : W A L T E R J. M U R P H Y A s s o c ia te E d ito r: F. J. V A N ANTW ERPEN
C o n tr ib u tin g E ditor: D. H . KlLLEFFER
A ssis ta n t to E ditor: N . A . PARKINSON
M a n u sc r ip t E ditor: H ELEN K . N EW TO N
M a k e - u p E ditor: BERTHA REYNOLDS
M a n u sc r ip t
W . L . Ba d g e r
H. E . Ba r n a r d
C. A. Br o w n e
W. H. Dow
Ga s t o n Du Bo i s
C. F. Ke t t e r in g W . S . La n d is
A d v is o r y B o a rd
, if
H . R. Mu r d o c k
A . S . Ri c h a r d s o n W . A . Sc h m id t
R. N. Sh r e v e
it'jfjxa bn i, fcj?.sï
7L . V . S t e c k C . M . A . St i n e
h n r n o E . C . S u l l i v a n
C . S . Min e r - . • L . W . Wa t e r s
E. R. We id l e in
The A m erican Chem ical So cie ty assumes no re
sp o n sib ility fo r the statements and o p inions ad
v anced bey contributors to Its p ub lications.
I " nv- fSM
C o p yrig h t 1 9 4 4 by A m erican Chem ical So cie ty
3 1 ,3 0 0 co p ies o f this Issue printed
Th« extraction section of the Installation for buta
diene conversion at the Baton Rouge refinery of Standard O il Company of Louisiana Is shown In
the photograph at the top of the page.
IS S U E D J A N U A R Y 14, 1944 V O L . 36, NO. 1 C O N S E C U T IV E NO. 1 E D I T O R I A L S ... 1 Stability of Butadiene . Richard F. Robey, Herbert K. W iese, and Charles E. M orrell 3 Conductivity of Tread S t o c k s ... Leonard H . Cohan and Martin Steinberg 7 Sulfur Linkage in Vulcanized R u b b e r s ...M. L. Selker and A . R. Kemp 16 Tread Cracking of Natural and Synthetic Rubber S t o c k s ... Irven B. Prettyman 29 Temperature Coefficient of Vulcanization of Buna S . ...
La Verne E. Cheyney and Robert W . Duncan 33 Heats of Vulcanization of Synthetic Rubbers . . . P. L. Bruce, R. Lyle, and J . T. Blake 37 Effect of Low Temperatures on Young's Modulus of Elastomers . . . . John W . Liska 40 Structure of Copolymers of Isobutylene and Is o p re n e ... . John Rehner, J r. 46
■ - ■ " £ ;
Compounding G R -S v^ith Channel Black and M ineral R u b b er... H . F. Schwarz 51 ButapreneNF. Cold-Resistant Synthetic Rubber . . R. H . Crossley and C . G . Cashion 55 Effect of Blending Natural Rubbers with G R -S . . . Ross E. M orris/A rth u r E. Barrett,
Richard E. Harmon, and Theodore A . Werkenthin 60
' • y l q m i * n s r b ’ ' 1
Economic Selection of Exchanger Sizes ... H ow ard Ten Broeck 64 Tie Lines in Quaternary Liq u id Systems '. . . . ... Julian C . Smith 68 Structure of Pyrodextrins ...Bernadine Brimhal I 72
tnriJjOT-os-'
inflH ?
r?.
Nutrient Content of A lco h o l Fermentation By-products from Corn . . . . . . . . . J . C . Bauernfeind, J . C . Garey, W . Baumgarten, L. Stone, and C . S. Boruff 76
Study of High Explosives by High-Speed Photography . R. W . Cairns 79
Racemic Menthol. New Synthesis from Thymol . . . . A . L. Barney and H . B. Hass 85 Phase Equilibrium in Hydrocarbon Systems. Methane-Carbon Dioxide System in the
Gaseous Region . . H . H . Reamer, R. H . O ld s, B. H . Sage, and W . N . Lacey 88 Catalytic Vapor-Phase O xidation of Fatty O ils . . . W . L. Faith and E. J . Rollins 91 Line Coordinate Representation of Solubility C urves... ...
Frank E. E. Germann and Richard P. Germann 93 I. & E. C. Report (A d v t. Sect.) 5 A s W e See It (A d v t. S e c t .) ...67
Published by the A m erican Chem ical S o cie ty at Easton, Penna. E d ito rial O ffic e : 1 1 5 5 16 th S tre e t, N . W :, W ashington 6 , D . C ./ te le p h o n e , R ep ub lic 5 3 0 1 ; c a b le , ■ Jlechem (W ash in g to n ). Business O ff ic e : A m erican Chem ical S o c ie ty , 1 1 5 5 16th S tre e t. N . W ., W ashington 6 , D . C . A d ve rtisin g O ff ic e : 3 3 2 W e st 42nd S tre e t, N e w York 1 8 , N . y t e l e p h o n e , Bryant 9 - 4 4 3 0 .
Entered as second-class matter at the Post O ff ic e at Easton, P en n a., u n der the A c t o f M arch 3 ,1 8 7 9 , as 2 4 times a ye a r — Industrial Ed itio n monthly on the 1st, A n a ly tica l Ed itio n m onthly on the 1 5 th . Acceptance fo r mailing at special rate of postage p ro v id e d fo r in Se ctio n 1 1 0 3 , A c t o f O c to b e r 3 , 1 9 1 7 , authorized J u ly 1 3 , 1 9 1 8 .
Remittances and o rd e rs fo r subscriptions and fo r single co p ie s, notices o f changes . of address and n e w professional con nection s, and claims fo r missing numbers should be sent to the Am erican Chem ical S o cie ty , 1 1 5 5 16 th S tre e t, N . W ., W ashington 6 , D. C . Changes o f address fo r the Industrial E d itio n must be re ceive d on o r b efo re the
18 th o f the p rece d ing month and fo r the A n a ly tic a l E d itio n not later than the 30th o f the p rece d in g month. Claim s fo r missing numbers w i l l not be a llo w e d ( 1 ) if re
ceived more than 6 0 days from date o f issue (o w in g to the hazards o f wartim e d e liv e ry , no claims can be honored from sub scrib ers outside o f N o rth A m e ric a ), ( 2 ) If loss w as due to failure o f notice o f change o f address to b e re ceive d ^before the dates specified in the p reced ing sentence, o r ( 3 ) if the reason fo r claim is “ missing from file s’ .
A n n u a l subscription — Industrial Editio n and A n a ly tic a l E ditio n sold o n ly as a u n it, members S3.0 0 , nonmembers $ 4 .0 0 . Postage to countries not In the Pan- A m erican U n io n $ 2 .2 5 / C anad ian postage $ 0 .7 5 . Sin g le co p ies — cu rrent Issues, Industrial Edition $ 0 .7 5 , A n a ly tic a l E d itio n $ 0 .5 0 / back numbers, Industrial Ed itio n
$ 0 .8 0 . A n a ly tic a l Ed itio n p rice s on request/ special rates to members.
T ne A m erican Chem ical So cie ty also publishes C h e m ica l a n d E n g in e e rin g N ew s, C h e m ica l A b s tra c ts, and Jo u rn a l o f the A m e rica n C h e m ica l S o c ie ty . Rates on request.
JOHNS-MANVILLE P K i w W K . FILTER AIDS
GIVE MAXIMUM FLOW RATES WITH REQUIRED CLARITY ON EVERY FILTRATION SERVICE
Have you tried
for RAW MATERIAL VARIATIONS?
Y O U can d o b etter th an sim ply blam e raw m aterial v ariations on the w ar. M any p ro c esso rs are actually overco m ing them —m ain
tain in g th e quality o f th e ir finished products, g e ttin g lo n g e r filter cycles an d faster filtering—
sim ply th ro u g h th e use o f a different filter aid in th e ir p re sen t equipm ent.
John s-M anville m akes nine g rades o f Celite F ilter A ids, each desig n ed fo r a specific filtra
tio n co n d itio n . O n e o f these m ig h t w ell be the an sw e r to your w a rtim e p ro d u c tio n problem s.
T o h elp you find out, J-M offers th e services o f its F iltra tio n E ngineers, w h o can recom m end ju st th e rig h t filter aid fo r your o p eratin g con
d itio n s. T h e se recom m en d atio n s are based on years o f experience w ith ra w m aterials of all
ty p e s . . . an d checked by tests an d experim ents in th e w o rld ’s la rg e st filtration lab o rato ry . T h e re ’s no o b lig a tio n fo r th is service.
For more inform ation and for samples and prices o f J-M Filter Aids, write
to J o h n s -M a n v ille , 2 2 4 0 th S treet, N e w Y o r k 1 N ew York;
l ^ ü l FILTER-CEL HYFLO SUPER-CEL
CEUTE NO. 505 CEIITE NO. 501
STANDARD SUPER-CEL CELITE N O. 503
CELITE NO. 512 CELITE NO. 535
CELITE NO. 545
Celite is available for prom pt shipment
I N D U S T R I A L and E N G I N E E R I N G C H E M I S T R Y
ß&itiuan, ßlatwUtUf
Revising Antitrust Policies. The Washington “grape
vine” reports the Administration is considering the neces
sity of seeking Congressional action designed to relax antitrust statutes for the first two years of the postwar period. Those pressing for enactm ent of legislation of this character, however, are reportedly favoring a pattern along lines similar to th a t employed in a rider to the Smaller War Plants Act of June, 1942, whereby authority was granted to WPB Chairman Donald Nelson to suspend antimonopoly statutes when such action seemed desirable and necessary in the prosecution of the war.
Stripped of legalistic verbiage, the antitrust laws expressly forbid individuals, firms, or corporations engaged in the same line of business from cooperating and participating in such acts as pooling of technical information, exchanging informa
tion on prices, etc. The purpose-; of course, is to prevent the limiting of competition and to outlaw price fixing, restriction of output, creation of monopolies, formation of domestic cartels—in general, to make unlawful any acts that are “in restraint of trade”.
In wartime, however, government often finds it advisable to ask members of the same line of business to cooperate closely and in direct violation of both the letter and spirit of the antitrust laws. By such group action only was it pos
sible to achieve the quick results required in synthetic rubber, high-octane gasoline, and hundreds of other products vital to modern warfare. In many instances these acts of inter
industry cooperation have necessarily had an international as well as a national complexion. For example, we are ex
changing information on penicillin with British scientists and manufacturers.
Where does the executive or firm or corporation stand that has patriotically complied with such requests by government agencies for interindustry cooperation? Apparently such individuals and companies are open to prosecution for these acts at a later date! What will be the attitude of the ad
ministration in power in the postwar period toward such acts of interindustry cooperation performed at the expressed re
quest of government?
I. & E. C. Editors consider that any legislation patterned after the restricted policies now in operation through Chair
man Nelson’s office will prove ineffective and unacceptable to industry in the postwar period. A story will illustrate this point. The attorney for a chemical company stated to a
government official recently, “What you are asking my company to do requires that it summarily enter into a con
tract to break the Sherman law.”
“For what better cause”, wisecracked the official, “could you go to jail than to help win the war?”
Executives and concerns have accepted the protection of the immunity that Donald Nelson’s office has to offer, for to question its legality now is to impede seriously the progress of industrial mobilization. Such incentive will not exist when the shooting stops.
More desirable is a clear-cut law along the following lines:
A N A C T
To su p p lem en t existing laws against u n la w fu l restraints a n d m onopolies and fo r other purposes
B e it e n a c te d b y th e S e n a te a n d th e H o u se of R e p re s e n ta tiv e s of th e U n ite d S ta te s o f A m erica in C o n g ress asse m b le d , t h a t tire A c t e n title d “ A n A c t to P r o te c t T r a d e a n d C o m m erce A g a in st U n law fu l R e s tr a in ts a n d M o n o p o lies” , a p p ro v e d J u ly 2, 1890, is a m e n d e d a s follow s:
Se c t i o n 9. T h a t n o th in g c o n ta in e d in th is A c t o r a n y o th e r A ct s h a ll b e c o n s tru e d to fo rb id th e e x iste n ce a n d o p e ra tio n of a n y a g re e m e n t e n te re d in to a t th e re q u e s t o f th e G o v e rn m e n t of th e U n ite d S ta te s b y p ersons, firm s, o r c o rp o ra tio n s d o in g b u sin ess in th e U n ite d S ta te s , w h ere th e o b je c t of a n y s u c h a g re e m e n t is to e x p e d ite th e w a r effo rt o r to a s s is t th e G o v e rn m e n t in its p o s t
w a r policies a n d p ro g ram b y po o lin g reso u rces o r se rv ice s for p ro d u c tio n o r d is trib u tio n , o r b y c u rta ilin g th e u se o f co m m o d i
ties, m a te ria ls , su p p lies o r serv ices of a n y k in d o r d e sc rip tio n : Pr o v i d e d, t h a t in a n y s u it in e q u ity o r in a n y c rim in al a ctio n p e n d in g o r h e re a fte r b ro u g h t in a n y D is tr ic t C o u rt of th e U n ite d S ta te s u n d e r th is A c t o r in a n y o f th e o th e r a c ts of sim ila r n a tu r e g e n era lly k n o w n a s th e “ A n titr u s t L aw s of th e U n ite d S ta te s w ith A m e n d m e n ts” , n e ith e r th e A tto rn e y G e n era l o f th e U n ite d S ta te s n o r th e F e d e ra l T ra d e C o m m issio n n o r a n y o th e r a g e n t o r ag en c y sh all h a v e th e p ow er to p ro ceed a g a in s t a n y p e rso n w ho h a s e n te re d in to a n y su c h a g re e m e n t a t th e re q u e s t o f a n y ag en cy of th e G o v e rn m e n t o f th e U n ite d S ta te s.. F o r th e p u rp o se s o f th is se c tio n , p ro o f t h a t a n y su ch a g re e m e n t w a s e n te re d in to a t th e re q u e s t of a n y ag en cy o f th e U n ite d S ta te s sh all b e p rim a facie ev id en ce t h a t su c h a g ree m e n t w as p ro p e rly e n te re d in to , a n d th e D is tr ic t C o u rts o f th e U n ited S ta te s a n d th e U n ite d S ta te s C o u rts of th e te rrito rie s a n d p ossessions sh a ll h a v e ju ris d ic tio n to d ism iss a n d sh all dism iss a n y su c h s u it in e q u ity o r a n y su ch c rim in al a ctio n in s titu te d b y a n y a g e n c y o f th e U n ited S ta te s u p o n th e a lle g atio n t h a t a n y su c h a g re e m e n t e n te re d in to a t th e re q u est of a n y a g en c y of th e U n ite d S ta te s w as u n law fu lly
e n te re d in to . (C ontinued on page 8 )
¿nt&itpJietcUiue. cLix^eit {¡a* c lte m ü ti., c h e m ic a l eyUfineesU., aw L etcecuiioeA. i*t tlte c h e m ica l ■p.'wcluciMf. a n d c h e m ic a l co-nAumirUf ¿wLut>Uei.
5
Transformers, rectifiers, circuits, controls are all within the Thermex cabinet. This com
plete, self-contained unit can b e m oved any
w here in your plant. Take Thermex to the work—plug into nearest pow er connection!
U nequalled flexibility of this equipment is just one of its m an y engineering superiori
ties. It also autom atically protects itself against d am age frotn misadjustments and
"tuning in" to a particular kind of work is sim ple and accurate.
With Thermex, the astonishing sp eed and
uniformity of electronic heating are fully realized.
Complete range of sizes for all h igh fre
q uency dielectric heatin g requirem ents. For
d ata vital to your plant and industry write
The Girdler Corporation, Thermex Division,
Louisville, Ky.
January, 1944 I N D U S T R I A L A N D E N G I N E E R I N G C H E M I S T R Y 7
fcffłT C 0 g
COLLARS • COUPLINGS • HANGERS • TROUGHS BOX ENDS • FLANGES • THRUSTS • DRIVES
HELICOID CONVEYOR
H E A D Q U A R T E R S
TROUGHS FLANGES
C hem ical processing p la n ts h a v e found th ro u g h a c tu a l use t h a t L in k -B elt Screw C onveyors a n d accessories are d u rab le, d ep en d ab le a n d econom ical, being b u ilt to la s t a n d to h a n d le m ax im u m q u a n titie s.
Stocks m a in ta in e d a t L in k -B e lt plan ts, w arehouses a n d d istrib u to rs— Screw C on
v ey o r H e a d q u a rte rs.
TROUGH ENDS
For Wood Troughs
TROUGH ENDS
For Sfeel Troughs
Chicago 8, Indianapolis 6, Philadelphia 40, A tlanta, M inneapolis 5, D allas 1, San Francisco 24, Toronto 8.
Offices, warehouses and distributors in principal cities.
COUPLINGS HANGERS
SECTIONAL FLIGHT CONVEYOR
DRIVES
THRUSTS RIBBON CONVEYOR
Chicago P la n ts
■Indianapolis P la n t Ordnance P la n t
4“ diameter alloy pipe, straight sec
tions 10 ft. long.
Plate 7074
8Udiameter welded StainlessSteel pipe, with pressed Stain
less Steel flanges and m i l d s t e e l back-up flanges.
• Plate 707}
t M ? p i p i n g
S T R A I G H T L E N G T H S or PREFABRICATED ASSEM BLIES
Form edand W e ld e d fro m S ta in lessS teel and A llo y S h e e ts
DIAMETERS 4 " and up
WALL THICKNESSES # 1 9 GAUGE to % "
You can have prom pt delivery of piping . . . welded and formed from alloy sheets . . . in diameters and gauges usually hard to g et...fu rn ish ed w ith Van Stone joints w ith die drawn flanges . . . steel back-up flanges . . . smooth insides . . . welds con
trolled by regular laboratory, tests . . . . . . complete piping installations also produced including bends, coils, prefab
ricated assemblies, fabricated fittings . . .
For the production o f the p iping described, we use special m a c h in e ry ...w e employ men trained in fabricating stainless steel and a llo y s . . . an engineering staff capable of c o ntributing to your w ar tim e jobs . . . and w e have a plan t large enough to tu rn out your job on schedule . . . Subm it your specifications o r consult us for quick action.
AIL ORDERS SUBJECT TO GOVERNMENT PRIORITY REGULATIONS
S. BLICK M AN , i n c .
1 2 0 7 GREGORY AVENUE. W EEHAW KEN,,N. J.
TANKS • KETTIES • CONDENSERS • AGITATORS • EVAPORATORS • PANS VATS • CYLINDERS • AUOY PIPING
Chemical World Today
It is an open secret that grave doubts exist in the minds of many individuals that the supposed authority vested in the chairman of WPB to issue certificates of immunity from prose
cution under the antitrust laws and the Federal Trade Commission Act actually does constitute an umbrella of protection and immunity. Under the antitrust laws those individuals in government departments and agencies who formulate requests for industry cooperation in violation of such laws may also be made parties to any action instituted by the Attorney General or the Federal Trade Commission if in their opinion such action is warranted. In brief, any decision on the part of an official of a government'department or agency to request industry to pool technological and trade information is subject to possible future court review. Under the present setup, granting of immunity from possible prose
cution under the antitrust laws rests with a single individual (Chairman of the War Production Board) whose tenure of office is uncertain; indeed, the office itself can be abolished at a moment’s notice by presidential proclamation.
Uncertainties of future prosecution should be removed by passage of some such amendment as has been suggested;
the future status of those individuals, firms, and corpora
tions, who at the request of government departments and agencies do enter into industry agreements, should be defined, clarified, and protected. Otherwise we must ex
industry and the individuals who direct its activities to return in a spirit of self-preservation to a policy of business isolationism in the postwar era. They have no other safe course to pursue.
All of the distinct advantages gained by the country as a whole during the war period from intelligent cooperative in
dustry planning, so aptly demonstrated by such programs as those for high-octane gasoline and penicillin, will probably be jettisoned in the postwar period because of industry’s fear of possible reprisals dictated by political expediencies. That such a fear is wholly justified is apparent from the record of recent prosecutions under the Sherman Act.
Industry and government share the responsibility of seeing that the task of reconversion is conducted in an orderly fash
ion. Should the war end suddenly, industry faces the com
petition of government-held surpluses estimated to total now more than 75 billion dollars; at the same time it will be called upon to devise ways and means of employing more labor than it has heretofore assimilated in peacetime activi
ties. Industry must seek markets abroad and must, there
fore, have foreign contacts.
Industry and its executives are asking for and should receive sound assurance that whatever cooperative steps are re
quested of them by government officials, and undertaken by them in good faith and for the welfare of the country, should not hang indefinitely above their heads like the Sword of Damocles. Business executives can hardly be reproached for timidity in undertaking to perform acts of industry coopera
tion when they recall all too vividly that they have been prose
cuted in the past for similar acts, even when performed at the request of government.
(Cm .tinned on page 10)
January, 1944 I N D U S T R I A L A N D E N G I N E E R I N G C H E M I S T R Y 9
T h e G IR D L E R C O R P O R A T
S p eed in solvin g
ag a s process
in g problem is
ab ig factor any time— a "must" today. To get a c
celerated action . . . call Girdler 1 can cite en gineerin g experi
en ce. W e can certainly produce W e w ill, if you w e know y o u w ant
results— fasti So— b ear this In mind: W e are an experienced an d constructive group of en g i
neers. Familiar with problem s involving g a ses, g a seo u s mix
tures and liquid hydrocarbons,
w e ask for a ch a n ce to answ er
som e practical problem s for you.
EASE OF OPERATION POSITIVE CLOSURE
TRO UBLE FR EE OPERATION
Reed V a lve s are correctly designed
economy of operation in a n y service. The exclusive lifting action of the seating disc as the valve moved to the open position provides ease of opera
tion at all times; and the cleaning action of the leading edge of the disc, combined with through-conduit in the disc holder, reduces erosion of the V a lv e seats to a minimum and assures seating and positive closure.
[ SEND FOR THE REED VALVE CATALOG 41, 1 L NOW ! It m ay help solve YOUR Valve problem s. J
REED VALVE DIVISION
of the R E E D R O L L E R BIT COM PANY
P . O . B O X 2 1 1 9 H O U S T O N , T E X A S
More Civilian Hope. Overproduction of steel seems now to be in sight, although a bare three months ago it was critically scarce. The expectation is th a t soon (no one can say ju st when), relaxation of restrictions will allow some steel to go into at least the most urgent of civilian channels. Holdup how is in other directions than produc
tion. Transportation and fabrication continue bottle
necks against consumers, and it seems likely th a t heavy capital goods, railroad equipment, rails, pipe, and the like, will receive preference over such items as automobiles, refrigerators, and the lighter civilian needs requiring more labor and processing. This is intended to conserve fabricating facilities for urgent war requirements which have by no means ceased. I?
Statistical Progress. Figures recently released by the States Tariff Commission on production of syn
thetic organic chemicals in 1942 suggest some of the changes wrought by the chemical industry a t war. Com
parison with 1940 is enlightening. Production of coal ta r resins has increased during the interval by 27%, b u t those of noncoal tar origin show a growth of 170%. Production of sulfa drugs was 7.4 times as great in 1942 as in 1940.
In the same period output of butadiene-increased thirty- seven fold. Here are reflected three im portant trends of our times—growing utility of resins and plastics, striking progress in the conquest of disease, and success in our hurried efforts to create an entirely new industry of syn
thetic rubber.
(C ontinued on page 14)
ChenT o d L ^ °rld Plcwüncj,
Nor is this the complete story. I t is desirable that Ameri
can chemists and chemical engineers participate with tech
nologists of our allies in cooperative measures during the war period and in the postwar era. Our participation is of such great importance that we should not depend upon the tem
porary or part-time services of any individual or group of individuals. We must have an adequate staff of highly trained technical personnel, headed by an experienced chemist of international reputation representing the American Govern
ment in all allied chemical planning now and in the postwar period. Space limitations prevent enumeration of the multitudinous problems of a chemical nature which require international cooperation, but they are legion in number and will multiply rapidly as we and our allies gain ground in the principal theaters of war.
According to the Counsel of our
So c i e t ya serious question
exists, however. The
Am e k ic a n Ch e m i c a l So c i e t yis well
qualified to recommend to the United States Government
suitable personnel for these assignments because of its national
charter and a membership of 36,000 chemists and chemical
engineers; but can the
So c i e t ylawfully participate in any
cooperative international effort of practical value, unless and
until some such amendment as has been proposed be enacted
into law by the Congress of the United States?
January, 1944 I N D U S T R I A L A N D E N G I N E E R I N G C H E M I S T R Y 11
T h e stress-strain m achine, shown above in T u b e' T u rn s’ laboratories, scientifically records tensile
■strength.
W elding fittings m u st be strong. S tronger th a n pipe.
F o r th e greatest strain and v ib ratio n occur a t the fittin g s. S trength is im p erativ e against th e high pressures, extrem e velocities and corrosive w ear to w hich fittin gs are subjected in m any p ip in g systems.
Strong w elding fittings help to h o ld leakage, b re ak downs and consequent re p airs to a m inim um .
T U B E - T U R N
T R A D E M A R K
T u be T u rn ’s exclusive m an u fa ctu rin g process p ro duces extra strong fittings. Tensile tests on th e stress-strain recording m achine m ethod ically insure th e su p erio r stren g th stan d ard s fo un d in all T ube- T u m seamless w elding fittings.
TU B E TURNS (Inc.) Louisville, K entucky. B ra n ch O ffices: New Y ork, Chicago, P h ila d e lp h ia , P itts b urgh , Cleveland, D ayton, W ashington, D. C., H ous
ton, San Francisco, S eattle . . . D istrib utors located
in p rin c ip a l cities.
V v 4 P 0 * t Q / S O / * * V E L .H O e n / s t t .
2"* EFFECT 20 WG. MC
I U ‘ F VA/OH
STO RA.
W « * ,
LiVEL /H TUt* r H 0 4 M A U V lO H TO /JA VC STO RA AVA! LA O L E U/Uj ORfiTO R S U A V £ POU/N FOR CLE.
REPAIR-
LEGE NP -1*1- VALVE HOaMt
-> + ~ VALUE rO iX F - b - + - v A l V £ N O *
AT*rO/fi#£A/c
titctK wive
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FO N N E L OB.Vllll>L£ O W K HjO N
i <••// S T - 4 "ST £ C L r iP £ 6 i/I A* i ' HUtiCL U P I
Today num erous plants are o p eratin g better because o f Sw enson’s P rocess E ng in eerin g Service. Results o b tain ed for the alkali industry are typical.
T h e sk ill o f Sw enson engineers may be called upo n fo r assistance in such p ro b lem s as ( l) reco v erin g p ro d u cts from natural b rin es o r m inerals, (2) en g in eerin g p lan t o p eratio n s to effect m axim um econom ies in h eat a n d /o r pow er, (3) devis
in g m ethods to sim plify chem ical processes, (4 ) p ro v id in g m eans fo r d isp o sal o f chem ical w aste, and (5) p ro d u c in g th e equipm ent to accom plish these results.
I n y o u r p la n s fo r p o s t- w a r d e v e lo p m e n t, m a k e u se o f Sw enson’s experience, research, an d e n g in eerin g to increase effi
ciency and reduce costs. W rite us about your specific problem s.
3 £ 3 r .
O V C R F lO i 3 ' .
on * rue '• ł r \
t o s c u r e n SLUDGE TO e e SHOr£L£C O U T O C C A SW H A L LV
s e n w i r e /r h o j e CONN. FOX WASHING
January, 1944 I N D U S T R I A L A N D E N G I N E E R I N G C H E M I S T R Y 13
tON0£ N ? A T £
AS NEEOED 3 % N itU Ł L ĆJ.
M £ M
O N L Y S W E N S O N P R O V I D E S T H T S F I V E - W A Y S E R V I C E
A n a ly s is of Req uirem ents
D esig n a n d L a yô u t
M an u factu re of Equipm ent
Test O p e ra tio n
P erio d ic C h eck-U p s
C R Y S T A L U Z E R S
DOUTHITT GRAY-JENSEN SPRAY DRYERS
rA P on v E L S i
SALT WfiSH VAC. FILTER
I S EFFECT
S W E N S O N E V A P O R A T O R CO
H A R V E V , I L L . , U . S . A .
Title- F/.O W S H £ £ r M /i7£ R /A L B A IA N C E
P o Y * / ' ¿ / { / / / vf m l . f i i r n A T e
<09.3 0 4 +SOk'H t t , 3 0 *HAOH 9 ,6*5* MiCi.
* 7 t 0 7 * * f l X 0
2Sm ST(0H 1S).TO0*/U<k
C onsiderably m o re th a n h a lf th e electrolytic caustic p ro d u c ed in th e U n ited States is h an d led w ith S w enson system s. Cus
tom ary p ro c e d u re fo r th e d evelopm ent o f necessary equipm ent an d p ro c ess layout is fo r th e m anu facturer to fu rn ish Sw enson w ith a d etailed statem ent o f th e quality o f p ro d u c t desired, o verall capacity o f th e p lan t, space available fo r equipm ent, an d th e final density o f caustic.
F ro m th ese data S w enson en g in eers w o rk o u t an individual flow sh eet w ith due re g a rd to in itia l cost, o p e ra tin g an d m ain tenance costs, p o w e r an d steam factors. T h e flow sh eet may th en be tra n sla te d in to term s o f actual equipm ent, specially d esig n ed fo r each individual step in th e o p eratio n .
W ith th is scientific ap p ro ach , S w enson en g in eers have m ate
rially red u ced th e costs o f alk ali p ro d u c tio n . T h e success o f such in stalla tio n s has led to the ad o p tio n o f S w enson systems by many o f the m a jo r alk ali p ro d u cers.
S W E N S O N E V A P O R A T O R C O M P A N Y
D iv is io n o f W h itin g C orporation
1 5 6 7 1 L a th r o p A v e. H a rv e y , I l li n o i s
How Swenson
has helped the Alkali Industry
SS&ÍS,
Today
W hat Price Petroleum Policy? Senator Ralph 0 . Brewster of Maine, one of the five senatorial “innocents abroad” , was guest speaker a t the recent dedication cere
monies of the Baltimore giant high-octane gasoline plant Standard of New Jersey. Taking as his text the recent statem ent of Petroleum Administrator for War Ickes th a t would not be able to “oil another war” , the sena
tor proceeded to shock his audience with facts and figures:
“The first great difficulty is to find out the facts. Experts from the Government before the Trum an Committee were not able to satisfy even themselves as to the extent of petroleum reserves of the world. One quickly becomes lost in the mass of ‘proven’ reserves and 'estim ated’ re
serves and various other kind of reserves which permit statisticians to prove almost anything th a t may be de
sired.” On this point the Editors of I. & E. C. agree.
According to the speaker, the United States is furnishing approximately S0% of the petroleum consumed by the United Nations, while Great Britain is furnishing about 8%, al
though no estimates indicate th at the United States has ten times the reserves of Great Britain.
In another part of his discussion Senator Brewster pointed out that “the consensus of expert opinion indicates about 110 billion barrels as the world oil reserve. The Axis has avail
able approximately 10 billion barrels. Of the remaining 100 billion barrels, Russia has 40%, the United States has about of which about one half is within our own borders.
Great Britain, in cooperation with the Dutch interests, con- 24%. This leaves a little over 1% for all other interests.”
Continuing with statistics furnished by the globe-traveling senator: “We are using our petroleum reserves at the present time a t the rate of more than 6% a year of our discovered re
serves which would mean their exhaustion within the next twenty years if no additional sources are found. The British Empire is using its known reserves at the rate of a little over
% a year which would mean they should last for nearly one hundred years. The Russians are apparently in a similarly favorable position.”
Senator Brewster also disclosed that, at the time of the com
mittee’s visit to Abadan, one of the largest refineries in the world under British control was operating far below capacity with a potential increase of 40% possible in its output. He was careful to point out to his audience th at military situations had a direct bearing on what refining facilities are employed, the United States alone possesses the resources to erect, and operate on a huge scale plants necessary to produce the astronomical quantities of high-octane gasoline vital to carrying on the war. Yet the senator left no doubt in the minds of his listeners that he condemned the lack of a United States policy on world petroleum resources.
As Senator Brewster sees it, three courses are now open to our Government: (1) The present haphazard situation can be continued, involving confusion among the various govern
ment departments concerned, possible exhaustion of our petroleum reserves within another twenty years, and
( Continued on page 18) 14
January, 1944 I N D U S T R I A L A N D E N G I N E E R I N G C H E M I S T R Y ______________________ 15
Is t h i s t h e b e g i n n i n g o f a m i r a c l e ?
M r. E rn e st G. E nck, our technical director, th in k s we should p u t greater em phasis in our ad vertising on our sizing and beneficiation of ores and m inerals.
W e do, he em phatically rem inds us, prepare a signifi
c a n t list of chemicals from these ores an d m inerals.
T here are, for instance, th e carb on ates an d chlo
rides of lithium an d s tro n tiu m ; th e n itra te s of lithium , y ttriu m , caesium , th alliu m and zirconium ; and the benzoate, chloride, hydroxide, fluoride, an d stearate of lithium . . . to m ention only a few. A b e tte r under- of these underem ployed chemicals is already producing startlin g discoveries.
L ithiu m stearate is a case in point. L ith ium stear
a te or “m etal soap” , was ju s t w h a t petroleum researchers needed to com pound for our fighting planes one grease which tam es th e b iting cold of R ey k jav ik as easily as i t does th e scorch
ing h e a t of T unisia. Will th e autom obile ind u stry look into th e post-w ar possibilities of th is F oote
è p aten te d p roduct? P ro b a b ly ! A nother exam ple is stron tiu m . S tron tiu m salts, now v ital to th e w ar effort, are intriguing th e in tere st of ceram ic en-
^ gineers an d, afte r th e war, m ay well influence th e m aking of w hitew are, glazes, lustres and optical glasses.
Y et, th is is only a beginning. M uch of our m ost in
terestin g exploratory w ork is still qu ietly bubbling w ithin th e re to rts of our lab oratory. T o d ay or to m orrow it is ju s t possible we m ay help you achieve an o th er m iracle of chem istry, or to s ta r t one. I f you suspect we can help you now, please w rite us.
THIS COMES OF PLAYING WITH FIRE . . .
R em em ber th e b rillian t reds of F o u r t h - o f - J u l y f i r e w o r k s y o u p lay ed w ith as a youngster? S tro n tiu m salts! N o t m uch practical use for stro n tiu m th en . B u t tim es h av e changed. S tro n tiu m now rak es en em y p lanes w ith tra c e r bullets, stro n tiu m helps p urify cau stic soda
—reducing th e iron a n d m anganese co n ten ts of sodium hydroxide. A salt b a th containing s tro n tiu m is
used in h e a t-tre a tin g steel. S tro n tiu m , for a t least a dozen reasons, is gripping th e in te rest of ceram ists.
Ample am o u n ts of stro n tiu m salts are available for research, although q u a n tity pro d u ctio n is lim ited to w ar uses. P o st-w ar stro n tiu m will be plentiful a n d inexpensive. I f y o u ’d like to find o u t w h a t you can do w ith stro n tiu m salts, w e’d • like v ery m uch to help y o u —now.
P H I L A D E L P H I A • A S B E S T O S • E X T O N , P E N N S Y L V H o m e O f f i c e , 1 6 1 6 S U M M E R S T R E E T , P H I L A D È L P H I A, PA.
Y/est Coast Reprefnlathf*: GRIFFIN CHEMICAL CO., San Francisco, California
- - v>\:
M'KsW'i
S-46T
85 Liberty Street
C O M P A N Y
New York 6. N. Y.
I his vessel is a typical example of the cooperative effort of Babcock &
W ilcox and customers’ engineers in d e s ig n in g a n d p r o d u c in g p r o c e s s equipment. Designed for operating temperatures of 750 F.-I200 F., with wide fluctuations, at 135 psi, and with the large number of tubes in the one sheet, the vessels presented a very diffi
cult d e s ig n a n d s t r e s s -d is t r ib u t io n problem.
B & W engineers, backed by a fund of such experience and the most up-to- date laboratory and production equip
ment, are always at your service to aid
in solving similar high-pressure, high- temperature problems in process equip
ment design.
ALLOY CASTINGS
N o service failures have been reported, in more than two million pounds of B & W oil still tube support castings oper
ating at temperatures as high as 2000 F.
Other castings produced, some of which are shown below are: soot blower ele
ments, heat-treating furnace parts, lead- melting wire annealing pots, cement mill castings, paper mill and chemical plant castings, boiler castings, baffles, im
pellers, oil burner nozzles and rolling
mill plugs.
D /E - tO N /Z E O
10,000 G allons for l e s s than a D olla r!
. . . on average raw w ater supply. W hen supply is low in dissolved solids, cost m ay be considerably less! . . . All over tlie country, o u tstan d in g p lan ts are using ILLC O - W A Y De-Tonizing u n its— im proving the qu ality of th eir p ro d u c t b y m eans of D e-Ionized W a ter w hich contains less th a n 1 to 5 p.p.in.' of dissolved solids (plus colloidal silica, which can be rem oved if desired.) A constant and unfailing supply of p u re w a t e r . . . is th u s available . . . replacing distilled water at a fraction o f the cost I D e-Ionized W ater is daily m eeting exacting stan d ard s in chem ical, pharm aceutical and o th er p lants.
Who Uses it? A w ar p la n t producing thousands of gallons of a v iatio n gasoline per d a y em ploys ILLC O -W A Y D e-Ionizing u n its to. o btain its purified w ater, (D etails necessarily a ré confidential.) Sim ilar installations are in daily use in m an y o th er industries, including:
S Y N T H E T IC R U B B E R . . . A IR C R A F T E N G IN E A L U M I N U M . . . M I R R O R . . . M E T A L P L A T IN G C E R A M IC . . . E X P L O S I V E S . . . P H A R M A C E U T IC A L S I U C A G E L . . . C H E M IC A L . . . B U T A D IE N E D IS T IL L E R IE S . . . L A B O R A T O R IE S
ILLC O -W A Y u nits, in a ctu al operation today, have permis
sible flow ra te s ranging from 10 gallons an hour to 50,000 gallons per hour. If you use pure w ater in any of your processes o r p ro d u cts— investigate! W e’ll gladly send lite ra tu re explaining D e-Ionized W a ter from A to Z.
I L L I N O I S W A TER T R EA T M EN T C O .
8 5 2 C E D A R S T R E E T • R O C K F O R D , I L L I N O I S
, » T H I
W ater Treatm ent Engineers
1 « i* i »«
Chemical World Today
the impossibility of the United States being able to “oil another war”—an America dependent upon other coun
tries for petroleum and, in effect, a second-rate power;.
(2) the United States Government can go into the oil business in foreign countries entirely on its own account or in partner
ship with private companies; (3) we can adopt a petroleum policy which will encourage private American oil companies to expand interests in foreign fields and to give companies participating in such ventures the requisite support on the diplomatic front. Of the three courses the senator left the impression with his listeners that he preferred the third.
Let us not be accused of putting words into Senator Brew
ster’s mouth. But we left the platform facing the latest, the biggest, and the most modern of the “cat” crackers with the feeling he was throwing out a broad hint that now was the moment for the State Department, or Lend-Lease, or some
body, to do something about securing or earmarking known world petroleum reserves for the United States, to replenish the unequal flow of our reserves into the joint war effort.
Whether the recently formed Petroleum Reserves Corpora
tion, of which the members of the Cabinet are directors and Harold L. Ickes is president, is the answer to the plea th a t something must be done, remains to be seen. However, Washington was quite aflutter last month with charges and countercharges th at a strong report by Ickes’ Foreign Opera
tions Committee (handling wartime petroleum exports), favoring strong support for private enterprise. as against government operation in handling future foreign petroleum activities, was summarily suppressed by Mr. Ickes. In his book “Fightin’ Oil” (Knopf), Ickes paid the oil industry some fulsome compliments, but insiders on the 'Washington scene profess to foresee some heavy feuding if Ickes plans to take the Government into the oil business on a more or less per
manent basis in the postwar period.
Colds and Molds? Once again high hopes are being entertained th a t mankind’s most annoying scOurge (the common cold) is about to be eliminated—this time by a bacteriostatic agent derived from a mold. Reported in the subdued manner befitting the highly conservative and greatly respected Lancet (November 20), the new drug is called “patulin” after the specific name Penicillium patulum, the fungus which produces it. Discovery of patulin is credited to Harold Raistrick and co-workers of the London School of Hygiene and Tropical Mediciné, and the product is receiving special attention in this country.
I t is reported that pure patulin has been produced, a.color- less crystalline material with a melting point of 111° C. and an empirical formula of C7H60 4. British technical journals also report th at its structure probably corresponds to anhydro- 3-hydroxymethylenetetrahydro-*y-pyrone-2-carboxylic acid.
Apparently, as with penicillin, the race is now on between fermentation processes and organic syntheses; the outcome is anyone’s gue§s, at least momentarily.
Obviously, considerable additional clinical tests must be made before patulin can be considered an accepted cure-
( Continued on page 1 1 4 )
U.S.I.CHEMICAL NEWS
J a n u a ry A M o n th ly S eries fo r C h em ists a n d E x ec u tiv e s of (he S o lv en ts a n d C h e m ic al C o n su m in g In d u s trie s 1944 ADVER TISEM EN T— This entire page is a paid advertisement. Prepared .M onthly by U. S . Industrial Chemicals, Inc.
“Arylides” Improve Tinctorial Strength
of Yellow Dyes
U. S. I. Line of A cetoacetarylides R ep lacin g Scarce C hrom e Yellows
T he acetoacetarylides have recen tly taken on ad d ed im p o rtan ce as in term ed iates for yellow pigm ent dyestuffs due to th e present r e strictio n s on chrom e yellows. As a result it is a n tic ip a te d th at the use of these ¡“ a ry lid es”
will grow su b sta n tia lly as th e ir advantages becom es m ore w idely know n. Am ong the a d vantages of th e yellows m ade from these in term ediates are m uch g reater tinctorial stre n g th an d h ig h er alkali resistance.
T h e acetoacetarylides a re used in the m an u factu re of H ansa yellows and the new er benzidine yellows. H ansa yellows a re coupl
ing products of acetoacetarylides w ith diazo- tized an ilin e derivatives. Benzidine yellows w ere first described in G erm an P a te n t No.
251,479 issued in 1911, and a re m ade by com bining tetrazo benzidine w ith acetoace
tarylides. H ansa yellows a re p articu la rly resis
ta n t to th e action of alkalies and of sun lig h t.
B enzidine yellows are non-bleeding in w ater, dHute acids and alkalies. In a d d itio n , they are fa irly re sistan t to m elted p arrafin, alcohol, an d o th er comm on organic solvents except chloroform .
By varying the in term ed iates used, a large num ber of yellow dyestuffs can be produced having different ch aracteristics, such as shade, and fastness to various ag en ts; thus the class as a w hole has m any w ide fields of ap p licatio n . A g reat m any factors d uring production influence the qu ality and u niform ity of these end-products, of w hich one of the most im portant is p urity of the interm ediates.
T he ex actin g production m ethods of U. S. 1.
reduce im p u rities to an u n o bjectionable m in
imum.
On a com m ercial scale, U. S. I. produces:
aceto a cetan ilid e
aceloacet-orlho -chloroatiilid e ocetoacet-para-chloroanilid e acetoacet-ortho-toluidide acetoacet-ortho-anisidide
In ad dition, U. S. I. has developed the fol
low ing new com pounds:
acetoacet-para-anlsid id e acetoacet-para-phenetidide acetoacetyl-alpha-napthylam ine
N N ' -d iacetoacetben zidide aceto acet-cresid id e acetoacet-dianisid ide
diacetoacetyl-m eta-toluylenediam ine ortho-phenylacetoacetonilide acetoacet-para-nitroanilid e
Sam ple q u a n titie s of these a re available for laboratory experim entation.
¿T£
i'-:
W E S T E R N U N I O N
¿Ml
NAH104 G O V T LG -G I N EW YORK NY 16 107P DECEMBER 16, 1?43
TO THE MEN AND W O M EN O F THE U. S.
INDUSTRIAL C H E M IC A LS , IN C . 60 EAST 42 STREET N EW YORK REPORTS FROM W AR FRONTS TESTIFY TO
THE IM PORTANCE OF ATABRIN E W H IC H HAS PROVEN AN EXCELLENT SUBSTITUTE FOR Q U IN IN E THIS PRODUCT HAS FILLED
A NEED O F THE M EDICAL CORPS AND IS RESPONSIBLE N O T O N LY FOR THE M A IN TEN A N C E OF HEALTH OF OUR TROOPS
BUT FOR SA V IN G OF LIVES YOUR V IG O R O U S EFFORTS TO INCREASE THE PRO
D U C TIO N O F THE ESSENTIAL IN G R ED IEN T ETHYLACETO ACETATE IS DESERVING OF
SPECIAL CO M M EN D A TIO N YO U MAY BE PROUD O F YOUR C O N TR IB U TIO N TO THE WAR EFFORT.
KIRK MAJOR GENERAL
SU R G EO N GENERAL O F THE ARMY W A S H IN G T O N , D .C .
N ew U ses S een fo r
E th yl S o d iu m O xalacetate
R esearch chem ists have long been aw are of the broad p o tentialities of the ethyl ester of oxalacetic acid. M any in terestin g reactions have been suggested and stu d ied . U sually, however, efforts to put these reactions to com m ercial use have been balked by the in stability of the elliyl ester.
W ith the introduction of IJ S. I.’s sodium derivative — ethyl sodium o xalacete — th is stu m b lin g block was moved aside. In a com paratively b rief period, th is unusual new in term ediate has found acceptance on a ton
nage scale in the synthesis of both dyestuffs and pharm aceuticals, p articu larly the tar- trazine an d pyrazole groups. Its stru ctu re, moreover, suggests a variety of o th er possible reactions w hich will find increasing use in the p rep aratio n of m any new products.
F ig h t I n f a n t i l e P a r a ly s is J O I N T H E M A R C H O F D I M E S
J a n u a r y 14 to 3 1
Ethyl sodium oxalacetate is p repared by reactin g ethyl acetate and diethyl oxalate w ith m etallic sodium . It is a fine g ra n u la r pow der, light yellow in color, and, as m anu
factured by U. S. I., has a p u rity of not less than 92% . Its stability is show n by the fact that a sam ple previously dried at 100° for one hour loses not m ore th an 3% of its w eight in an ad ditional 24 hours at 100°.
Ethyl sodium ox alacetate may be used
in most reactions in place of oxalacetic ( Continued on next pat/e)
New Alkyd Resin Meets Revisions in
U.S.M.C. “Specs”
S & W D ivision Also A nnounces R esin R ep lacem ent A vailable
for C ivilian A p plications
In its all-out effort to give A m erica’s vast m aritim e fleet the stau n ch est possible pro
tection ag ain st ru st, th e U. S. M aritim e Com
mission is constantly aim ing to u p g rad e its specifications for p aint. R ecently announced was the specification for a new alkyd resin to provide even g reater d u rab ility , flexibility and adhesion in prim ers.
To m eet this specification (52-MC-21) call
ing for a long, pure-linseed-oil m odified
Photo courtesy U. S . M aritime Commission Off the w a y s, and on its w ay to ioln A m erica's V icto ry Fleet! Many of these U .S .M .C . ships a r«
p ro tected against constant exposure to the ele
ments by coatings form ulated w ith S&W Resins.
alkyd resin, U. S. I.’s Stroock & W itten b e rg Division announces a new, specially-devel
oped resin, A roplaz 1244, possessing th e fol
lowing physical con stan ts:
Viscosity (G-H) at 70% solids... _ Y minus — Zl (G-H) (when thinned further
to 50% solids in Min
eral S p irits )___________________ C — G C o lo r (G-H 1933)_______ - _______________________ 7 - 12 A cid Value of Plastic... ... ...Below 10 W t ./ G a l. @ 25° C . at 70% solids_7.92 - 8.08 lbs.
Aroplaz 1244 fully m eets the new U. S. M.
C. resin specification. It has been thoroughly tested in the form ulation of p aints based on these two new U.S.M.C. prim er specifications:
52-MC-23 P rim er red lead, quick-drying (sy n th e tic ). T his specification su p e r
cedes MC-52-A-1 (C lass X X II) 52-MC-29 P rim er, zinc chrom ate.
New Resi n f o r Civilian Wo r k A nother developm ent, interesting not only from the view point of perform ance, but p a r
ticularly because of its availability, is Stroock
& W itten b e rg ’s A roplaz 1306 Solution (75%
( Continued on next page) Illu stratio n: Hansa yellow 3G .
O C l
-
N H - ^ >
A typ ical " a r y lid e " end prod
c - II
uct, Hansa yellow 3 G . Diaio*
C l - O - N = N - C H -
1 1
tized p-chloro-o-nitro aniline cou
pled with acetoacet-ortho-chloro- anilidc.
N O ,. C H a- C = 0
