SOAP g § —
I G I N E E R E D F O R l EMI CAL S E R V I C E
NORDSTROM
V A L V E S
Keep Upkeep Down
NORDSTROM VALVES COVER THE CHEMICAL FRONT
M E R C O N O R D S T R O M V A L V E C O . A Subsidiary ot Pittsburgh Equitable Meter Co.
Hastelloy
A, B, C, & 0 Rubbci
Alumi- Copper '
PH
Value Mortel Inconel
lined steel comp
The table at the bottom of the page was prepared in conjunction with the
paper "Materials of Construction." - J H H I
Every chemical engineer with a cor- lllplifl
rosion problem will find this paper
most helpful. Address your request Æ ÈÆ SBBK k
Mr. P. S. Barnes, Manager of Chem- ical Sales, The Pfaudler Company, Rochester 4, N. Y.
In order that you may have a clear picture of the resistivity of materials of construction normally used for process equipment, we prepared the table below which gives the comparison with glass-lined steel at a glance.
You will note that we list four glasses.
Nos. 42 and 24 are resistant to all acids (except hydrofluoric and commercial phos
phoric, containing fluorides as impurities) at all concentrations and temperatures.
They are spark tested with high voltages . . . a method Pfaudler has developed to make sure that there are no imperfections in the glass surfaces of equipment for highly cor
rosive work. Nos. 48 and 27 glasses are acid resistant but are not designed for the heavy duty services, Nos. 42 and 24 are.
This range of glasses is sufficiently broad to give you exactly the type of glass that is best suited to your operating conditions.
In describing our glasses as "resistant , ''fairly resistant" or "non-resistant," we have set ourselves very rigid standards. W e do not qualify our claims in any way. If the glasses are "fairly resistant" they are immediately placed in the non-resistant class. W hen we class our glasses as "resistant," you can de
pend on it— they are!
If you would like a copy of the Resistivity Table, we will gladly send you one.
T A B L E N o .
1
— R E S I S T I V I T I E St y p ic a lservicec o n d it io n s % by Wt.
HCI Hydrochloric Acid Cone. 35.0%» \
S i9 Be. j
HCl Hydrochloric Acid N 3.58%
HCI Hydrochloric Acid N/10 0.30%
HCl Hydrochloric Acid N/ioo 0.056%
H»SO« Sulphuric Acid Cbnc. 77.0%, \
60° Be. }
HiSO« Sulphuric Acid S 4.75%
HiSO* Sulphuric Acid N/10 0.49%
H iSO . Sulphuric Acid N/100 O.Ot^c
H N Oj Nitric Acid Cone. 00.0%. \
\ 40® Be.
U N O, Nitric Acid N fl.30%
IIK O i Nitric Acid N/10 .03%
H ,P O , Phosphoric Acid N 3.30%
H ,P O . Phosphoric Acid N/10 0.33%
cn.coon Acctic Acid N 5.00%
C H .COOH Acctic Acid N/10 0.00%
C H ,C O O II Acctic Acid N/100 0.000%
C ,Hi(OHi)(COOU)j Tartaric Acid N/10 0.75%
COOHCH*CII(OH)COOH Malic Acid N/10 0.07%
C JI.(O H )(C O O H ),H ,0 Citric Acid N/10 0.04%
C H »CHOHCOOH lactic Acid N/10 0.90%
NaHCO, So<l. Bicarbonate N/10 0.84%
N aiCO , Sod. Carbonate N/10 0.53%
N H .O H Am. Hydroxide N/10 0.35%
NaOH Sod. Hydroxide N/10 0.40%
KOH Pot. Hydroxide ! N/10 0.56%
N aJ*0,.1 2H :0 Trisod. Phosphate 1 N/10 1.47%
1
It — U*w*UdI al Itwxn Temper»!««
It* — KmtUnl at Boil»»« I’oml I N R —Nut lleusUnl
I K»j—1ST Enamel. »uiUblc for certain al elevated temperature*
*- Ttw wujtvilv rating* do not mate allowance (except
° H a n d l e r - ...._vi—ling* do not'make allowance le^crpt m ttw caw <a ----
• it m uo proW«a) for the pouible eflecti of turbulence nay break do«n protective, comwmn-produrt layer»
ate corrowon; nor for the effect of impuntiw orcorro- additivr*. However, the r*me on lowl for pbo»^hore^acid »»»mo
? and aeration « hieb may I or other» u* acvderate
PFAUDLER G U S S LININGS OTHER M ATERIALS
( O b s t r u c t i o n % * * <. - * . î1 ^ ?... ■
Wtt - II f t - -1 abwMf à - “v:
I S S U E D F E B R U A R Y 3, 1944 • V O L . 36, N O . 2 • C O N S E C U T I V E N O . 3
E D I T O R I A L S ... 9 7 Bauxite as a D ry in g A d s o r b e n t ...
W . A . La Lande, Jr., W . S. W . M c C a rte r, and J. B. Sa nbo rn 9 9 S o lu b ility and Diffusion of Sulfur in Synthetic E la s t o m e r s ...
A . R. Kemp, F. S. M alm , and B. Stiratelli 1 0 9 Em ulsion P o l y m e r iz a t i o n ... C harles F. Fryling and E d w in W . H arrington 1 1 4 Unsaturation of Polyisobu tylene s and Butyl R u b b e r ... John Rehner, Jr. 1 1 8 Behavior of Blacks in Rubbers . . . I. Drogin, H . W . G rote, and F. W . Dillingham 1 2 4 Reinforcement of Butyl R u b b e r ...R. |_. Z a p p 1 2 8 The Perkin M e d a l: The Chemist Steps O u t of the Laboratory . . G aston F. D uB ois 1 3 4 C ontinuous Process for Solvent Extraction of Tung O i l ...
R. S. M c K in n e y, W . G o rd o n Rose, and A n g u s B. Kennedy 1 3 8 Urea-Form aldehyde W ater-Thinned P a i n t ... J ohn K. W is e 1 4 4 Salts of Residual Dim erized Fat A c i d s ... J. C. C o w a n and H . M . Teeter 1 4 8 P ly w o o d B o n d i n g ...H e n ry G rin sfelder and M . R. C o llin s 1 5 2 D urability of Lusterless Enamels. Influence of the Binder . . . . . . . S. E. Beck 1 5 7 W h ite Potato S t a r c h e s ... P. E. M e iss , R. H . Treadway, and Lee T. Smith 1 5 9 Peptization of N itrogeno us Constituents of Solvent-Extracted Peanut M e a l . . . .
T. D. Fontaine and R. S. Burnett 1 6 4 Thiamine Content of V e g e t a b l e s ... L. E. C lifcorn and D. G . H eb erlein 1 6 8 Planning Nutrition S t u d ie s ...J. F. Feaster and O . R. A le xa n d e r 1 7 2 C op p er Soaps as Rot-Proofing A g e n ts on F a b r i c s ...
Paul B. M arsh, G le n n A . G reathouse, Katharina Bollenbacher, and M a ry L. Butler 1 7 6 Carbon Disulfide P r o d u c t io n ...Carlisle M . Thacker and Elmer M il le r 1 8 2 Effect of Increase in A c id it y on A n tise p tic Efficiency . O t to Rahn and Jean E. C o n n 1 8 5 Processing Cottonseed M e a l . . Carl M . Lyman, Bryant R. H o lla n d , and Fred H a le 1 8 8 Vitam in A in Shark Liver O i l s ... Stew art Springe r and Price M . French 1 9 0 N e w Processes for S u lf a n ila m id e .. . . A le x a n d e r G a la t 1 9 2
I. & E. C. Report (A d v t. Sect.) 5 A s W e See It (A d v t. S e c t . ) ... 5 5
E D IT O R : W A L T E R J. M U R P H Y Associate Editor: F. J. V A N A N T W E R P E N
Contributing Editor: D. H . KlLLEFFER
Assistant to Editor: N. A . P A R K I N S O N
Manuscript Editor: H E L E N K. N E W T O N
Make-up Editor: B E R T H A R E Y N O L D S
Manuscript Assistant: S T E L L A A N D E R S O N
A d viso ry Board W. L. Ba d g e r H . R. Mu r d o c k H. E. Ba r n a r d
C. A . Br o w n e
W. H. Dow
Ga s t o n DuBo i s
C. F. Ket t er in g W. S. La n d i s C. S. Min e r
A . S. Ri c h a r d s o n W . A . Sc h m i d t R. N . Sh r e v e
L. V . St e c k C . M . A . St in e E. C . SU LLIV A N L. W . Wa t e r s E. R. We id l e in
The American Chem ical Socie ty assumes no re
sponsibility for the statements and o p in io n s ad
vanced by contributors to its publications.
Copyright 1 9 4 4 by Am erican Chem ical Society
3 1 .40 0 cop ies o f this issue printed
9 n* ° ' the manufacturing operations in the pro- r Penicillin at the plant of Chas. Pfizer Company appears in the photograph above.
k y the Am erican Chem ical Socie ty at Easton, Pa. Editorial O ffice:
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CELITE P R O V I D E S
H IG H ABSO RPTIO N , LIGHT W EIG H T, LARGE SP EC IFIC SURFACE, LO W REFRACTIVE IN D EX ,
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tm
OFFER SPE<:iF IC ADVANTAGES FOR WAR¿TIME PROCESSES
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Celite
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U
SED F O R M O R E T H A N 30 Y E A R Sin hydrogenation and other chemical re
actions, Celite Catalyst Carriers today offer important advantages for wartime processes.
Their high porosity, low apparent density, and tremendous specific surface provide maximum exposure of the catalyst. Prepared from an exceptionally pure form of diatoma- ceous silica, Celite Catalyst Carriers are rela
tively inert, permit full recovery of the catalyst by chemical solution or heat treatment.
Recent research has developed new pre-
formed Celite Catalyst Carrier types. For samples and complete information on all types, mail the coupon below.
JO H N S - M A N V IL L E , Dept. 1-8,
22 East 40th Street, N ew Y o rk 16, N . Y .
■ Please send me samples and full details on Celite Fillers for use in
□ Leather coatings
□ M atch heads
□ M old e d plastics
□ Paints
□ Paper
□ Polishes
□ Source of active silica
□ Textile coatings
□ Varnishes
□ W elding-rod coatings
□ Absorptive packings
□ A sp h alt compounds
□ Battery boxes
□ Bituminous compounds
□ C atalyst carriers
□ Cleansers— Household
□ Enamels
□ Explosives
□ Extended colors
□ Insecticides
IN D US T RI AL a n d E N G I N E E R I N G C H E M I S T R Y
New Soil Fumigant. In August, 1943, Albert L. Elder, Chemical Division, W PB, asked the Agricultural Research Administration to make preliminary tests of a new soil fumigant known as D D Mixture. Produced by Shell, D D is a mixture of 1,3-dichloropropylene and 1,2-dichloro- propane obtained as a by-product in the manufacture of allyl alcohol from petroleum. Its value as a soil fumigant was first announced by Walter Carter (Science, April 23, 1943) after several years of trial at the Pineapple Research Institute of Hawaii.
The preliminary report now available states that efficacy of D D Mixture equals the best of other soil fumigants used in nematode control and surpasses them in, at least three ways: (1) I t is lower in price, offering for the first time a fumigant suitable for economical large-scale field use; (2) it is less dangerous and less obnoxious in use and in storage;
(3) it is easier to apply.
Further studies must define the various conditioning fac
tors and their interrelations before all-inclusive recommenda
tions for the use of this fumigant as a soil nematocide can be made.
German Synthetic Tires. Emphasis now on perfection of methods of using synthetic rubber to meet America’s tire problem lends interest to a paper in our An a l y t i c a l Ed i t i o n
for January describing the use of infrared spectroscopy in the analysis of synthetic rubber tires. Aside from the method de
scribed, the paper is significant for the samples analyzed—
tires captured from the German Artay. Particulars of the capture are unfortunately not given since these have no proper place in the presentation. However, the use made of butadiene-styrene rubber by the Germans, who are presumed to depend principally on it, are important. Of ten tread stocks analyzed, one was wholly plantation rubber, and the other nine were pure Buna S. Of ten carcass stocks, all contained natural rubber varying from 20 to 100%. Cushions and tubes all contained natural rubber in varying proportions. Ob
viously, then, the Germans have not yet solved the complete synthetic tire problem, despite the long time they have been occupied with it in preparation for this war. I t is scarcely odd that our tire makers have not done so in two years.
Death to Pediculus. Recent announcement of a new plant to be built by du Pont at a cost of half a million dollars
to produce D D T (dichlorodiphenyltrichloroethane) em
phasizes again the transition that has taken place in the insecticide and fungicide field— the development of syn
thetic organic chemicals to replace inorganic compounds and natural products.
D D T is a powerful weapon, protecting the armed forces from body lice and thus from typhus. So important is it in the Mediterranean theater of war that the Army recently flew the first 500-pound cargo produced at a du Pont pilot plant to an overseas battle area. Typhus is not an uncommon dis
ease in North Africa among the civilian population, and the armed forces have been greatly concerned about possible in
fection. DDT's potency is said to be so great that a single application dusted on clothing once a month gives protec
tion from disease-carrying vermin. Large quantities of methyl bromide are being used in all areas, too, for disinfect
ing soldiers’ clothing, a special ampule having been developed for this purpose.
D D T was first synthesized seventy years ago in Germany, and its use as an insecticide was patented by the Swiss firm Geigy in 1939. Previously employed largely as a moth re
pellent and a control for plant lice, the United States Depart
ment of Agriculture revealed last May that chemists had proved its value against body lice. Geigy’s production of D D T in this country (Cincinnati Chemical) will be supple
mented by the new du Pont plant being rushed to comple
tion. I t is manufactured from chloral hydrate (trichloro
acetic aldehyde) and monochlorobenzene in the presence of sulfuric acid.
Jet Propulsion. Latest secret weapon to be partly un
veiled, the jet propulsion airplane, takes us at once into the fantastic realm of the future already familiar to our youth through what are known as comics. Understandably, details of the construction and other aspects of the new plane remain hidden, and speculation and rumor fill the gaps. High ef
ficiency in the rarefied atmosphere at great altitudes and at speeds beyond those economically attainable with propellers is revealed as the great advantage of the new flier. A new steel alloy, possessing high strength at elevated temperatures, is reported to be crucial in the construction of the jet motor.
Beyond that, stated facts hardly hamper the free play of the
imagination. (Continued on page 8)
/¡ n Utte^ifUieiatiue. m o*itltltf. fan. c lte m ilti, ch em ica l e*Ufi*teesiir a+uL
etcecutiueA. ¿*t the. ch em ica l psiaducuuj. a n d ch em ica l costiumUuf, u u iu itn ie l
WITH RADAR,
rays of energy rebound from the ships miles away.WITH THERMEX
high frequency dielectric heating, rays of electronic energy pass back and forth through non-conductive materials millions of times per second. The resulting disturbance of the mole
cules generates heat rapidly.
THERMEX
may point the way to imperative, far- reaching processing improvements in your field . . . better quality, production short-cuts, lower costs. Y o u w'ill find Thermex equipment highly developed and application engineering and laboratory facilities ready to help you at once. Complete range of sizes available. The Girdler Corporation, Thermex Division, Louisville, Ky.
T H E F I R S T I N D U S T R I A L H I G H F R E Q U E N C Y D I E L E C T R I C H E A T I N G E Q U I P M E N T
February, 1944 I N D U S T R I A L A N D E N G I N E E R I N G C H E M I S T R Y 7
The Protection of Modern Packaging In Conveying Materials
L IN K « BELT
ELEVATOR-CONVEYOR-FEEDER
-Eimnrnnn
U M
I ®
B u l k j C o
ELEVATOR-CONVEYOR-FEEDER
This m odern m ethod of handling flowable, granu
lar, crushed, ground, or pulverized materials of a non-abrasive, non-corrosive nature gives you dust tight operation.
I t m inim izes breakage and degradation, prevents leakage, and re
duces explosion and fire hazards.
T he flights, w hich extend across practically the entire section of the casing, form a series of com partm ents th at hold the material.
E ach com partm ent is in itself a veritable package assuring clean
liness, freedom from contam ination, and from exposure.
Bulk-Flo is self-feeding, self-discharging, and, to a high degree, self-cleaning. I t saves space and can be laid out to carry vertically, horizontally, around corners, along curves, and on slants of any degree. Write for Book No. 1975 to get the com
plete story and to see the possibilities of Bulk-Flo in your service.
L I N K - B E L T C O M P A N Y
Chicago 9, Indianapolis 6, P hiladelphia 40, A tlanta, D allas 1, M inneapolis 5, S an Francisco 24, T oronto 8.
Offices, warehouses and distributors in principal cities.
^ • T h e ab o v e illu s tr a tio n shows head end of compact, encased, Link-Belt Bulk-Flo elevator w ith chute to b in in sugar bagging departm ent of a M ich igan beet sugar com pany. C apacity 25 tons per hour. One of the im por
tant results of this handling is th at the sugar crystals re
t a i n t h e i r s p a r k l e a n d breakage of crystals is prac
tically nil. Operates either fu lly or partially loaded and cleans itself out at the end of a run.
ä W h e n battles are fought above deck, the engineers con
tinue to function and o b e y orders, side b y side, with the high powered engines and instruments upon which they rely.
W h e n V ic to ry com es give the Instruments and the M e n equal credit for a jo b well done. In P E A C E time, these thermometers will give y o u the same high quality service and dependability.
W rite fo r Catalog
r I
I
i
THE PA LM ER CO.
MFRS.: INDUSTRIAL. LABORATORY. RECORDING & DIAL -THERMOMETERS
2512 NORWOOD AVE., CINCINNATI, NORWOOD. O.
CANADIAN BRANCH: KING AN» GEORCE STS.. TORONTO
The P A L M E R Thermometer works silently, without glam
our, because it was built for long service, guaranteed accuracy and to be easy to read.
Chemical World Today
One can assemble an imposing list of advantages for the new plane based upon any of several theories of its details.
We prefer not to engage in such speculations yet, for obviously no good purpose would be served in adding to existing con
fusion. Clearly, military considerations dictated the release of the bare announcement of the novelty at this time. Wien the time is ripe for further revelations, they will be forth
coming. Meanwhile, prudence and patriotism alike dictate patience.
Hundred-Octane Cars. Much speculation about to
morrow’s automobiles has centered around the possible use of engines capable of utilizing the now abundant aviation fuels.
Apparently all that is necessary is to pattern the car’s power plant after present airplane engines. But there is a hitch!
Aviation engines as now built are intricate and in many re
spects delicate mechanisms. The cost per horsepower of building them, even on today’s assembly lines, is around ten times as great as that of customary automobile engines.
While it is true that some of the refinements of flying engines are of no consequence when the vehicle they propel is bound to the earth, it is also true that extreme efficiency in cars is valuable only if it can be attained at low cost. Gasolines of 100 octane number or higher will always be more expensive than others of lower rating, probably enough so to discourage general use. I t now seems probable that highway drivers will be satisfied, even delighted, with engines a quarter smaller or a quarter more powerful than those of prewar days requiring fuel in the 90-95 octane number range. That will be a great improvement but one likely to be reached by degrees rather than at a single leap.
High-Octane Gasoline Production. No longer are cer
tain data on 100-octane gasoline strictly hush-hush, for the reason that progress has been achieved; barring unforeseen difficulties, peak output is confidently anticipated by the end of 1944. Capital investment outlay for the program, including 1944 construction, m il reach approximately 900 million dollars, just about 50% more than the cost of the synthetic rubber program. Latest figures are to the effect that forty-one projects have been completed, twelve more will be finished by February 15, twenty-four additional by April 15, and the remaining fifteen before the end of the year.
The 100-octane gasoline program, together with landing craft, has top priority on all materials.
Some misunderstanding exists over the phrase “plants near
ing completion” . Actually a lag of several weeks exists be
tween completion of general construction work and full scale operation. Construction of the 100-octane gasoline plants is the greatest race against time of the entire industrial war mobilization program. The need for 100-octane gasoline is tremendous. With a large scale invasion of Europe immi
nent, a tight race will be run between requirements and supply, certainly through April 15. Delays for any reason whatso
ever, failure to deliver necessary equipment, inadequate per
sonnel, or strikes would prove costly, and might delay the invasion of Europe or seriously hamper the progress of such an invasion if undertaken in the near future.
(Continued on page 10)
February, 1944 I N D U S T R I A L A N D E N G I N E E R I N G C H E M I S T R Y 9
GIRDLER ENGINEERING POLICY
.:.:. in a conference w ith com p a n y officials . . . anyw here a n e w thought, factual d a ta or developm ent ideas are a v a il
able.
G irdler engineers tackle gas processing a n d related p ro b lems in a practical, experienced w ay. If y ou have a difficult problem , call G irdler first!
The ap p ro ach to a problem involving gases, gaseous m ix
tures or liq u id hydrocarbons requires more th an pure e n gi
neering know ledge. Footwork a s w e l l a s h e a d w o r k is
essential!
G irdler chem ical engineers m a y be found d o w n in the p lan t . . . over a d ra w in g b o ard
CH EM ICAL E NG IN EERS
AND CONSTRUCTORS
S T A I N L E S S S T E E L and A L L O Y
PREFABRICATED PIPING
. IN ALL DIAM ETERS
Plate # 7100 Prefabricated stain
less steel piping made to special order.
Plate # 7071 Special pipe. Baffles a n d nozzles electri
cally welded on.
W a l l T h ic k n e s s e s
#18 g a u g e to Vn"
Prefabricated alloy p ip in g b uilt at the Blickm an plant assures you of trouble-free, speedy field erection.
A ll assemblies are carefully laid out and double checked for dimensional accuracy.
W o rk in g from your blue prints oi from plans drawn by our engineers, we can supply complete prefabri
cated units and fittings in any diam eter. Straight lengths are available in 4" diameter and larger. A ll Blick
man p ip in g is welded by experts and has smooth insides. Call on us for quick delivery.
A ll o r d e rs su b je ct to g o v e r n m e n t p rio rity r e g u la tio n s
S. BLICK M A N , i n c .
1211 G R EG O R Y AVE., W EEH AW KEN , N. J.
TANKS • KfTTUS • CONDENSERS • AGITATORS • EVAPORATERS PANS • VATS • CYLINDERS • AUOY PIPING
Chemical World ^
Today (Sosttmesice,
More Spirits Needed. W ith stocks of industrial alcohol now at a level of approximately two months’ supply and stocks of grains none too plentiful, interest is renewed in both production of alcohol from sulfite liquor and the Scholler process utilizing wood waste.
Ontario Paper Company, Thorold, Canada, a subsidiary of the Chicago Tribune, is producing alcohol from sulfite liquor by a process developed and supervised by M . M. Rosten.
Contract for the plant was signed in May, 1942, and it was officially .opened June 18, 1943. Producing alcohol from sul
fite liquor is by no means a new idea in the United States.
Rosten appeared before the Subcommittee of the Commit
tee on Agriculture and Forestry of the United States Senate.
According to his statement (Hearings of the First Session of the Subcommittee on S. Res. 80, May 5, 1943), the liquor which comes from the sulfite pulp digesters contains 2 to 4%
total sugar, of which about 65% is fermentable. The average amount of sulfite liquor from the production of 1 ton of pulp is about 2000 U. S. gallons, depending upon the efficiency of recovery liquor from the blow pits. The temperature of this liquor is about 180° to 190° F. The acidity is pH 2.5 to 3.
The liquor contains about 3 grams per liter of free and com
bined sulfur dioxide. To ferment the available sugar, it is necessary to create the best conditions for growing the yeast.
Thus it is necessary to drop the acidity to pH 6 by adding lime, to remove the excess sulfur dioxide by aeration, and to cool the sulfite liquor to 85° F. with water in a heat exchanger.
Washington custom gives Senators and Representatives the privilege of announcing new projects. Therefore Senator Wallgren (Democrat, Washington) was the authority on January 18 for the announcement that WPB had approved plans for manufacture of alcohol from waste sulfite liquor at the plant of the Puget Sound Pulp & Timber Company, a proposal now before Defense Plants Corporation for decision
on financing. .
A few days earlier Representative Harris Ellsworth (Re
publican, Oregon) reported government officials ready to give the green light to a 3.6 million dollar plant to produce alcohol from sawdust and wood waste to be operated by W illamette Valley Wood Distillation Company, at Eugene, Oreg. Both the Senator from Washington and the Repre
sentative from Oregon appear confident that alcohol can be made from these sources for 20 cents per gallon.
Shortly, then, we shall see alcohol produced in this coun
try from six raw materials: molasses, petroleum, natural gas, grain, wood waste, and sulfite liquor by-product of paper pro
duction. Postwar progress of these developments will be , interesting; one of these yields the cheapest alcohol. Will that eventually drive out the others? Will demand in the peace to come maintain a price that will permit all or most to survive?
Will government, directly or indirectly, subsidize the weak to provide competition for the strong? Will government establish a minimum price that will enable the weak to sur
vive? And if it does either of the latter two, will this not be penalizing the consumer? Will government then be fostering a cartel or a monopoly? (Continued on page 12!)
February, 1944
THE M A G N A F L U X TEST, shown above in Tube Turns’ laboratory, quickly reveals any h idden defects in the finished product.
Flawless welding fittings are even m ore essential than perfect pipe. For extreme velocities, h igh pressures, vibration, strain, corrosive wear are most destructive to p ip in g systems where flow changes direction . . . at the fittin g s ! Defective fittings can
' ; Wit.
m ;
cause leakage, breakdowns, unnecessary m aintenance and can disrupt im perative production schedules.
Tests to insure flawless fittings have been, are today and w ill be a perm anent Tube Turns’ policy.
TUBE TURNS (Inc.) Louisville, Kentucky. Branch Offices: New York, Chicago, Philadelphia, Pittsburgh, Cleve
land, Dayton, Washington, D. C., Houston, San Francisco, Seattle . . . Distributors located in all principal cities.
I N D U S T R I A L A N D E N G I N E E R I N G C H E M I S T R Y
E S S E N T I A L M A T E R I A L
M X PACKERS
can aid in your c o n s e r v a t i o n program . They pack d o w n vital wartime mate
rials quickly, thoroughly, efficiently. The result is a saving in m anpow er, container material and sh ip p in g space. H undreds are now in active service from coast-to-coast. Four sizes handle from 5 to 750 p o un d containers. M odels 36 and 41 can be equipped w ith jack-type lift to facilitate m oving to various p acking stations. W rite for complete inform ation and make arrangements to have a filled container o f your product V IB R O X - TESTED. Check up now on the possible savings V IB R O X P A C K E R S may effect for you!
J A C K - T Y P E LIFT FOR PORTABLE USE
MADE BY THE MAKERS OF:
Ba r-N un Rotary Sifters, Bar- N u n " A u t o - C h e c k " W eighers, Edtbauer D u p le x W eighers, Draver Feeders, M a ste r Continuous M ix in g Systems, M aterial H a n d lin g Equipm ent and Supplies.— COMPLETE INFORM ATION ON REQUEST -- >
B. F. Gump Co.
E N G I N E E R S and M A N U F A C T U R E R S S IN C E 1 8 7 2
Chemical World
Today
G a m m e s ic eWithout question, synthetic rubber producers will receive all of the industrial alcohol they require. But for the pres
ent, at least, little likelihood appears that whisky distiller»
will be granted a “holiday” from industrial alcohol production, so large is the need for this essential solvent. WPB has suc
cessively stepped up production goals and on January 20 set a new figure of 631 million gallons for 1944. This new step-up has taken producers somewhat by surprise, for it was gener
ally thought that Great Britain would not require such large quantities as she formerly obtained through Lend-Lease.
WPB set its grain requirements for alcohol at 170 million bushels for 1944, but War Food Administration is said to have advised that only 130 million bushels will be available for that purpose. Another question mark in the alcohol program is the ability of Cuba to increase sugar production still further.
Re-employing Veterans. The Manufacturing Chem
ists’ Association through its president, Harry L. Derby of American Cyanamid & Chemical Corporation, offers a “blue
print for action” on re-employment of veterans in a letter recently sent to Paul V. McNutt, War Manpower Commission chairman. Derby’s letters stresses three points:
1. The United States Employment Service can help by ob
taining from the armed services names, addresses, and qualifica
tions of men before their discharge.
2. This information should be made available to the local of
fice of USES nearest the home of the veteran.
3. The data should be made available at least two weeks prior to discharge-from the service to give ample time for circularizing employers in the area of the man’s residence.
In his letter to McNutt, President Derby stresses the acute manpower problem confronting chemical manufacturers.
Chemical producers are greatly concerned over definite evi
dence that output is sin-inking, and the most recent action of Selective Service on the status of men in the 18-22 age brack
ets [Chemical and Engineering News, page 103, January 25 (1944) ] will, it is feared, force the chemical production curve to still lower levels. Some idea of how acute is the present shortage of manpower in the chemical field can be seen from Derby’s statement: “I t is certain that many of these men, although they did not previously work in the chemical indus
try, would be suitable for employment there.”
Derby’s plan is not likely to assist in solving the problem of shortages of graduate .chemists and chemical engineers. Some idea of the difficulties grising in this direction can be gleaned from the action of one governmental agency handling an im
portant phase of war production. It is quietly seeking data on chemists and chemical engineers now in the armed forces with the idea of asking for the immediate outright release or assignment of such men to vital research work.
Bombing-Hitler Department. For the record and to give the cheinist something to do by figuring the relative energy involved, nearly 3 pounds of aviation gasoline are required to deliver 1 pound of bomb to German soil. That doesn’t take into account the gasoline needed for auxiliary activities, only the fuel used by the bombars. (Continued on page 16) 12
p r o c e s s e s
. ' p r ö s i i i « f ‘'
s i i i s i i i t c i î a e o i î s l y h s i o t s o r c o o l s
» M a te ria ls
I n s e c o n d s
February, 1944 I N D U S T R I A L A N D E N G I N E E R I N G C H E M I S T R Y
Continuous 2-way Votator* operation speeds processing of vital materials!
Stepped-up pro ductio n schedules? New products or processes? Investigate Votator! C om plete process
ing steps can be accom
plished on a continuous basis. No batch problems.
Heat transfers in seconds, even at extreme tempera
tures. Simultaneous mixing
— plasticizing— aerating—
blending. Enclosed system.
Absolute control# for uni
formity. Easily installed.
Send for confidential data questionnaire. Our report will be prompt, specific, without obligation. The Girdler Corporation, Vota
tor Division, Louisville, Ky.
*Trade M ark Registered U. S. Patent Office
We are a w holly owned subsidiary of the
A m e ric a n S m e ltin g a n d R e fin in g C o m p a n y
w ho have, we believe, a greater interest in the
successful employment of lead than any other Com pan y
in Am erica
Send us y o u r inquiries on all lead burning and construction!
THE ANDREWS LEAD CONSTRUCTION CORP
L E A D B U R N I N G C O N T R A C T O R S 120 B R O A D W A Y , NEW Y O R K 5 , N . Y.
F U R F U R A L - FURFURYL ALCOHOL - HYDROFURAMIDE
. « » T E T R A H Y D R O F Ü R F Ü R Y L A L C O H O L .
February, 1944 I N D U S T R I A L A N D E N G I N E E
WISHES HE HAD TRIED IT
SOONER. /
F U R F U R A L
F U R F U R Y L A L C O H O L T E T R A H Y D R O F U R F U R Y L
A L C O H O L H Y D R O F U R A M ID E
W r ite f o r th is F ree B o o k
Reports describing the results o f experimental w o rk on new products are often th rillin g . Those regarding
f u r f u r i / /
A L C O H O L
are no exception — and in many cases its unique and interesting properties are of such value that further w ork has been indicated. T his has resulted in a gradually increasing scale o f operation so that tank car quantities have been available for some time.
Probably the most unique property o f Furfuryl A lcoho l and the one w hich is utilized to the greatest extent in industrial applications, is its ability to form resins. W hen in the presence o f a m ineral acid or an acidic material, Furfuryl A lcohol resinifies form ing a hard, black, infusible product. By varying the strength and character o f the catalyst, it is possible to make the reaction go rapidly or slowly as desired, form ing resins o f widely varying properties. References have appeared in the literature regarding the use o f Furfuryl A lcohol resins in m ak in g surface coating com positions as w ell as im pregnating and m o ld in g com pounds.
Literature references regarding the manufacture and use o f Furfuryl A lcohol com positions are available and w ill be gladly sent o n request. O ther uses involve its ability to act as a dye solvent, plaslicizer, and penetrant.
Furfuryl A lcohol is available w ithout priority and should have the attention of all those interested in new products or in the im pro v ing o f old ones.
The Quaker Oafs (ompaivy
T E C H N I C A L D I V I S I O N 1-2
141 W . J A C K S O N B O U L E V A R D . . C H I C A G O 4, I L L I N O I S
QUIIItB
' E M : ■;;
H i w I m l i m m i
;
Chemical World
Today P ix M J titU j,
Cartels and the Chemical World. There was an icy cold unexpectedness in the recent action of the Department of Justice in indicting du Pont and Imperial Chemical Industries for conspiracy to violate the Sherman Anti
trust Act. Few people expected the Department of Jus
tice to swing the trust-busting club during the war or, at least, believed that activity would be postponed until the war with Germany had been concluded.
Problems inherent in world cartels must be solved some day, preferably in the near future, and certainly early in the postwar era. The principles of the Sherman Antitrust Act have not been accepted by other countries. Indeed, our ally, Great Britain, seems inclined to stand pat and obviously in
tends to permit cartels in the postwar period. In a real knock
down and dragout fight for a particular world market, the concern representing the nation favoring and abetting the cartel would ultimately win.
It is unfortunate in some ways that the suit has come at this crucial period in our war effort, when we should sub
merge rather than accentuate differences of opinion with our allies on the postwar problems. Nevertheless, the prominence of du Pont and I. C. I. may crystallize the thinking of the American public on this important matter.
The patent system has also been dragged into the suit.
The Court is asked to force the chemical companies, if found guilty, to grant, upon request to any third person, a royalty- free license under any patent which the defendants have used in carrying out their alleged illegal combination.
Wendell Berge, successor to Thurman Arnold as chief of the Antitrust Division of the Department of Justice, is follow- <
ing his predecessor’s pattern closely. In a speech delivered in Washington January IS, he asked for government-sponsored research (with the “fruits of discoveries” opened to all) as a needed addition to vigorous enforcement of the Antitrust Law, to assure free enterprise and to curb patent abuses.
Continuing, Berge stated: “Conduct of research by govern
ment does not mean that government would enter into com
petition with industry. Rather, research sponsored and car
ried on with the fullest support of the Federal Government, would constitute a strong stimulus to provide initiative.”
Berge’s thesis does not hold water in the light of past experi
ence. Privately owned enterprise will not, as a rule, spend large sums in further research developments and in large- scale merchandising programs on government-owned patents, whether such patents are the result of research in government laboratories or have been seized in wartime.
The Washington Post summarizes the problem in the post
war era proposed by cartel agreements, as follows: “Even
tually we shall have to decide whether it is feasible of even desirable to compel American industry to engage in unre
stricted competition with foreign companies. Huge concerns, with markets in all parts of the world, must in self-defense exercise a certain amount of competitive restraint. Other
wise they are likely to find themselves involved in cutthroat competition with one another—a competition excessively ruthless in the absence of governmental control over their practices. It is difficult to distinguish between the type of agreement that represents (.Continued on page 102)
February, 1944 I N D U S T R I A L A N D E N G I N E E R I N G C H E M I S T R Y 17
“ from one specimen, judge the rest.”
This lathe operator is one o f our ordinary workers . . . a skilled craftsm an. Each Sperry F ilter Press depends on the skill o f m e n like th is . . . on their experience . . . and on th e ir pride in fine work. Yet, they are only ordinary Sperry workers . . . skilled craftsmen.
Sperry Engineers a n d designers are th e same. They know w h at you w ant, an d w h at’s more, they can h e lp you discover w h at you need. They are able to create for you a filter press th a t meets your every requirem ent.
This is being proven in hundreds o f war industries . . . Sperry Filter Presses are efficiently producing supplies an d m u n itio n s for o ur Arm ed Forces. W ith these m e n . . . the ordinary workers . . . th e designer . . . the engi
neer . . . rests th e decision o f whether or n o t your filter press is everything you expect. Past results have proven Sperry competency.
I f you have a filtration problem , consult Sperry. Send a sample of your m ate rial for testing. A complete analysis w ill'be m ade an d unbiased recom m endations w ill be subm itted w itho u t obligation.
l i ä G O ^
'ufifjj-
) .P 'l
G ET THE F A C T S — The Sperry book contains valuable data and charts on indu strial filtration.
Write for your
D . R . S P E R R Y & C O M P A N Y b a t a v i a, Filtration Engineers for O v e r 4 6 Years
EASTERN SALES REPRESENTATIVE H e n ry E. J a c o b y , M .E . 2 0 5 E. 4 2 n d St., N e w Y o r k 17
Phone: M U r r a y Hill -4-3587
WESTERN SALES REPRESENTATIVE B. M . Pilhashy
Merchants Exchange Bldg., San Francisco 4, Cal.
Phone: D o 0 3 7 5
LaBour Type Q — A non-prim ing p u m p espe
c ia lly d e sig n ed for la stin g h ig h efficiency.
y W H Y U S E R S
STMY SOLD o n l a b o u r p u m p s ^
LaBour Type DPL—This centrifugal p u m p prim es itself w ith o ut the use of valve s or a n y a u x ilia ry p rim in g m echanism . C a p a c i
ties range from 10 G PM to 1,000 GPM .
C hem ical p u m p users w ho constantly p lace repeat orders for LaBour Centrifugals have learn ed that these p um ps are a lw ay s conservatively rated. Each LaBour p u m p undergoes severe test to insure ab ility to meet operating conditions for w hich it is intended.
In addition, features developed as a result of LaBour s field-secured know ledge a n d experience are re ad ily evaluated b y practical m en. D evelop
ments like the original LaBour Self-Priming Centrifu
g a l a n d the a m azin g ly efficient Type ”Q " p um p get right d o w n to cases where production costs are con
cerned. The " Q ," for exam ple, permits a c tu a l effi
ciencies of over 80% in some cases w hile using a n open im peller in volving no close clearances. O ther LaBour types are e q u ally superior to com p ara ble pum ps.
If you value reliability, sim plicity a n d extra-long wear-life in your equipm ent, do this. W rite today for com plete details about LaBour self-priming a n d n o n p rim in g centrifugal pum ps— ask for Bulletin No. 50.
Better yet, consult our engineers for suggestions on h o w LaBour p um ps can im prove your setup.
T H E L a b o u r C O M PA N Y, Inc.
E l k h a r t , I n d i a n a , U . S . A .
CENTRIFUGAL PUMPS
nur
AD V ERT ISEM E N T— T his entire page is a paid advertisem ent, Prepared M onthly by U. S . Industrial Chemicals, Inc.
U.S.I. CHEMICAL NEWS
February A Monthly Series for Chemists and Executives of the Solvents and Chemical Consuming Industries -*• 1944
Ethyl Carbonate Gains Stature
As Raw Material
Synthesis Possibilities Overshadow O riginal Uses as Lacquer Solvent
Indalone a Vital Ingredient
in New All-Purpose Insectifuge
Ethyl carbonate was first produced in this country by U.S.I. to provide an extremely pure lacquer solvent. Its low acidity, mild odor and high stability have made it especially desir
able for such special purposes as the coating of cathodes for sensitive radio tubes. However, as the starting point for an interesting group of organic reactions, ethyl carbonate is now assuming far greater importance.
Synthesis of Phénobarbital The Claisen condensations of ethyl carbon
ate in the presence of metallic sodium are of particular interest. In the manufacture of phénobarbital, for example, it is reacted with benzyl cyanide to give ethyl alpha-cyanô- phenylacetate, as the first step. Similarly it condenses with other cyanide derivatives to form the half nitrile of the corresponding malonic ester. Still other Claisen condensa
tions include:
1. With esters of aliphatic acids and of aryl substituted aliphatic acids, it gives an alpha-carbethoxyi derivative, which is a de
rivative of malonic ester:
(a) with ethyl acetate, it gives ethyl ma- lonate, and also ethyl methanetricarboxy- late, which is formed by the substitution of a second alpha hydrogen with the car- betho.xyl group.
(b) with ethyl phenylacetate, it gives ethyl phenylmalonate.
2. With ketones, it gives beta-keto-esters:
(a) with acetone, it gives Ethyl Aceto- acetate.
Exceptions. In some cases, there is formed the alkyl carboxylic ester of the enol- form of the ketone instead of the beta- keto-ester. Ketones which condense rap
idly with themselves in the presence of sodium ethoxidc give very poor yields or no reaction at all with ethyl carbonate.
(Continued on next page)
New Pour Depressors Made With Dibutyl Phthalate
Condensation of chlorinated paraffin wax with dibutyl phthalate, using aluminum chlor-
>de as the catalyst, yields an oil-soluble prod
uct possessing valuable pour depressing prop
erties. The reaction, according to the patent Just issued to a New Jersey inventor, is car
ded out in two stages, followed by dilution of j i reiacl'° 11 mixture with kerosene and hy
drolysis of the catalyst with alcohol and water.
Ine kerosene extract is distilled at 600 deg.
f-, and the product recovered as residue.
Hie pour depressor potency of wax modi- ers made by this process were tested by
»lending in a wax-bearing oil. The following results are shown for Example No. I.
P o u r p o i n t O r ig i n a l o il ... + 30 " F O r ig in o ! o il + J % p r o d u c t -f- 5 ° F
Insect Repellent Developed by Government
Proving Effective for Wide Variety of Conditions In the steaming jungles of New Britain, at bleak outposts on Kiska, along the ) unways of African air bases, our lighting forces have been unanimous in naming insects as one of their most ferocious foes. The trouble with this “air borne”
enemy has been that repellents which worked well in one area failed in others
Shrinkproofs W ool with Alcoholic Solutions
Reductions ranging up to 65 per cent in the felting shrinkage of wool socks have been made without significant loss of bursting strength, according to a report on recent in
vestigations made under the auspices of the Council for Scientific and Industrial Research of Australia. The method involves treating loose socks with 2.5 per cent alcoholic caustic potash for 20 minutes, centrifuging, and steep
ing in alcoholic sulfuric acid. The socks are again centrifuged and then rinsed, succes
sively, with water, an aqueous solution of sodium bicarbonate, and a cationic softening agent which serves to improve the handle. For successful results, temperatures must be close
ly controlled, and water content of the al
coholic solutions must be kept between one and five per cent.
Always a matter of vital concern to fabrica
tors of wool, effective shrinkproofing is doubly important today, when the comfort of our armed forces depends so heavily on wool clothing. Thus the new process promises very tangible benefits for the immediate, as well as the postwar future.
Certain insects in the Aleutians would be un
daunted by chemicals which held their tropical prototypes at bay.
As a direct result of intensive research con
ducted by government agencies, there has now been developed an insect repellent which per
forms with high effectiveness in all parts of the world, against all types of insects, includ
ing mosquitoes, biting flies and daggers. It promises to be a factor of tremendous impor
tance to the morale and combat efficiency of all branches of the service. Although the com
plete composition of the product cannot be re
vealed at present, it can be stated that one vital ingredient is U.S.I.’s Indalone.
A Pre-War Development Indalone was introduced by U.S.I. several years ago and quickly won acceptance both as an insectifuge and as a solvent for rotenone in insecticides. The product owes its unusual repellency against biting flies and mosquitoes to its bitter taste and to its effect on the nerve endings in the feet of the insects. It is easy to apply, long lasting.
Post-War Prospects Bright The pre-war success of Indalone, coupled with the current development of an all-pur
pose repellent, point to post-war markets of (Continued on next page)
S. Marine Corps
Photographic Processing Accelerated by Alcohols
A recently-awarded patent states that sub
stantial increases in developing and fixing speeds for certain films can be obtained by the use of ethanol or several other alcohols in the processing solutions. Ketones such as acetone are also stated to be useful.
Photographic layers of cellulose ethers con
taining from 39 to 53 per cent ethoxide process very slowly in the usual developing and fixing solutions. As a result of its pronounced swell
ing action, alcohol markedly increases the rate of penetration of these solutions, thus cutting the time needed for completion of the reac
tions.
As an example of a developing solution the patent gives the following make-up:
Developing Solution
p -M e th yl am ino ph e n o l sulfate... -g r a m s — 3.1 Sodiu m sulfile ... ...g ra m s — 45.0 H y d ro q u in o n e ... ... _ g ra m s— 12.0 Sodiu m c a rb o n a t e ... g ra m s -6 7 .5 Potassium b ro m id e .... ... ... gra m s— 1.9 W a t e r to m ake ... ... ... liters — 5 Ethyl a lc o h o l .... ... ... ..._.grom s-2762
Cement Rock Flotation Im proved by Alcohol
An improvement in the recovery of cement rock values by the use of froth flotation and an organic promoter is described in a recent patent. The promoter is selected from the group consisting of higher fatty acids and mixtures or soaps of such acids. It is used diluted with at least one aliphatic alcohol, the alcoholic content being from 9% to 20%.
Process of R efining
M ineral W hite Oils
A patent just issued to a New Jersey in
ventor describes the following process: A petroleum oil is first treated with sulfuric acid of above 93% concentration to remove sub
stantially all the unsaturated and color-form
ing bodies. Sludge is then separated and the oil neutralized with an alkaline solution. To remove the sulfonate soaps formed, the oil is treated with about 50% aqueous alcohol. The oil is now treated with from 0.5% to 1.0% of an anhydrous metallic chloride, sludge is separated, and a final treatment with 0.01%
to 1% anhydrous caustic alkali is applied.
All-Purpose Insectifuge
(Continued from preceding page)
striking potentiality. When it is considered that Indalone can be combined with light- screening chemicals such as U.S.I.’s BK-5 these potentialities appear all the greater.
O H ,C NCH
21 I!
Indalone is the product of re
acting mesityl oxide and dibu
tyl oxalate and has the struc-
(CHoUC CCOOC4H9 ture shown
z / here.
Ethyl Carbonate
(Continued from preceding page)
3. With /j-chloro-biphenyl, it gives tri-bi
phenyl carbinol.
Miscellaneous Reactions
1. Sodium or sodium ethoxide forms sodium ethyl carbonate.
2. Ammonia gives urethan and urea.
3. Primary and secondary amines give the corresponding substituted ureas.
4. Hydrazine gives ethyl carbazate (ethyl hydrazinecarboxylate) and carbohydrazide
(sym. diaminourea).
5. Biguanide in boiling ethanol gives ammc- line (2-hydroxy-4, 6-diamino-l, 3, 5-tria- zine).
6. The Grignard reagent, RMgX, gives the ester of the next higher acid, RCOOG.H...
Method for Purifying Organic Phosphates
A German patent now vested in the Alien Property Custodian covers a process for elimi
nating asphaltic impurities from phosphoric esters used in the extraction of phenols from aqueous liquors. The esters are selected from the group consisting of triaryl phosphates and trialkyl phosphates.
The process comprises treating the phos
phates simultaneously with two agents, one a low-molecular aliphatic alcohol, the other con
sisting of low-molecular saturated aliphatic hydrocarbons. The latter agent, together with the materials dissolved therein, is separated and the acid esters recovered by distillation.
T E C H N IC A L DEVELO PM ENTS
Further information on these items may be obtained by writing to U.S.I.
A simple, new yiscosimeter, d e s ig n e d to help sta n d a rd iz e p a in t a n d oth er finish co n siste ncies perm its in e xp e rie n ce d w o rk e rs to take re a d in g s righ t on the j o b M a k e r rep orts m easurem ents ca n b e m ad e in 30 seconds. ( N o 780)
U S I
Synthetic sponge rubber, w hich can be m olded into sla b s, c o rd a n d other sh a p e s, is offered for sa le in soft, m edium a n d firm co nsiste n c ie s
u s I (No-78,)
Cleaning metal surfaces is sa id to be faster, more tho ro ugh a n d co n d u civ e to better b o n d in g of e le c tro -d e p o sits a n d o r g a n ic finishes with a new em u lsion -type cle a n e r. The p ro d uct is d e sig n e d to rem ove oil, g r e a s e a n d so lid dirt w ithout at
tacking even the m ore a ctive m etals such as alum inum a n d brass. ( N o . 782) Sealing pipe joints a g a in st pressures up to ¿000 p o u n d s a n d tem pe ratu re s up to 600 d e g . F. is sa id to be facilitated with a new in so lu b le, plastic e a d se a l rec om m e nd ed for o il, w ater, a n d steam
,m es- y (N o . 783)
Ursolic acid, a c c o rd in g to a recent report, is being refined from c ra n b e rrie s on a p ilo t plant scale.
A white, (laky, re sin o u s product, this a c id is sa id to be so lu b le in a lc o h o l a n d b en zen e, to p osse ss the ra p e utic q ua lities, a n d to b e useful a s an em u lsifyin g age nt. (N o . 784)
U S I
A new synthetic detergent, a v a ila b le a s a dry p o w d e r in v a rio u s strengths, is s a id to h a ve a w id e r a n g e o f uses in cle a n e rs, textile spe cia lties, b u b b le baths a n d h a rd w a ter so a p s. ( N o 785)
U S I
Corrosion proofing of metal is accom p lish e d by a new line of in o r g a n ic c o a tin g s w hich co n be a p p lie d by sp r a y o r dip. The m aker claim s high resistan ce to a cid s, solvents, a b r a sio n , a n d heat.
S u p p lie d in 5 b a sic c o lo rs, o r sh a d e s to specifica-
t,ons‘ ^ j (N o . 786)
Stepless pump volume control is b e in g offered on a line of p um p s for h ig h -p re ssu re a n d other ch em ical p la n t services. The co ntrol u tilizes e le c tro nic tub es to convert a *c p o w e r to d -c a n d pro- v -1 / 'n9 er-touch regu la tio n of pum p m otor sp e e d from 1 0 % to m axim um . The control ca n a lso be actu ate d b y flow meters, tem pe ra tu re co ntrols o r oth e r instruments. (N o . 787)
U S I
A molasses replacement for use a s a b in de r in fo u n d ry w ork, b riguetting, thic ke n in g a ge n ts, a n d sim ila r a p p lic a tio n s is a v a ila b le in q ua n tity w ith
out a llo c a tio n lim itation. Product is re p o rte d to be useful a ls o a s a n exte n d e r in h o g a n d d a iry
feeds. (N o . 788
U S !
Hand protection for w orkers e x po se d to solvents, cutting o ils, a n d m any oth er m a te ria ls is s a id to be a fford ed by a new liq u id p re p a ra tio n which d rie s to a visib le , d u ra b le , ela stic c o a tin g. The m aker claim s the c o a tin g w ill last a full shift, a n d w ill w a sh off with s o a p a n d water. (N o . 789)
U 5 i N D U S T “ , A L C h e m i c a l s , I n c
« ■ V ■ I v ■ I B --- CHEMICALS \ / s i m n i s 7 - --- ---— ---—— —
»tCOHOtS / 6 0 EAST 42N D ST., NEW YORK 17, N . Y.\ RESIHS
\ ÄNTI- ~r¡Y;¡ / BRANCHES IN A U PRIN CIPA L CITIES
ALCO HO LS Amyl Alcohol
Butanol (Normal Butyl Alcohol I Fusel Oil— Refined
Ethanol (Ethyl Alcohol)
Specially Denatured— all regular and anhydrous formulas Completely Denatured-—all regular
and anhydrous formulas Pure— 190 proof, C.P. 96% ,
Absolute
®Super Pyro Anti-freeze sSolox Proprietory Solvent
*ANSOLS Ansol M Ansol PR
A C E T IC ESTERS Amyl Acetate Butyl Acetate Ethyl Acetate O X A L IC ESTERS
Dibutyl Oxalate Diethyl Oxalate P H T H A L IC ESTERS
Diamyl Phthalate Dibutyl Phthalate Diethyl Phthalate OTHER ESTERS
*Diatol
Diethyl Carbonate Ethyl Chloroformate Ethvl Formate
IN T ER M ED IA T E S Acetoacetanilide Acetoacet-ortho-anisidide Acetoacet-ortbo-chloronilide Acetoacet-ortho-tofuidide Acetoacet-para-chloranilide Ethyl Acetoocetate Ethyt Benzoylocetate Ethyl Sodium Oxalacetate ETHERS
Ethyl Ether
Ethyl Ether Absolute— A.C.S.
RESINS Natural Synthetic
ACETO N E Chemicolly Pure FEED C O N CEN TRATES
«Curbay B-G
*Curboy Special Liquid i:Vacatone 40 OTHER PRODUCTS
Collodions Ethylene Ethylene Glycol :s Indalone
Nitrocellulose Solutions Urethan
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