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meopemu<mocmb U3J/0:J/CeHU.R,
np11 KOTOpOH 3MnHpw-1eCKHe ,naHHbie H e npHB0ASITCH 6e3 0TpbIBa OT u.enoił TeOpHH. TeopeTH3HpOBaHHOCTb tteMeU.K0fO Hay1-1Horo TeKCTa BJie1-1eT 3a co6oił MHHHMaJibHYIO BKJIIO'-leHHOCTb 3M nHpH4eCKHX/cpaKTH4eCKHX ,naHHbl X B cTpyKTYPY paccy)l{,nettHH ttenocpe,ncTBetttto B TeKCTOBOH TKaHH. Cne,ncTBHeM 3Toro SIBJIHeTCSI, no MHeHl1IO HeK0TOpblX, H3BeCTHaSI 3JIHTapH0CTb HeMeU.KHX aKa,neMH'-!eCKHX Tpy,noB: TeKCTbl HeMeU.K0Sl3bl4HblX y1-1ettbIX Tpa,nm_\HOHH0 npH3HaIOTCH TPYAHhlMH AJISI 1-!TeHHH. OHH C'-IHTaIOTCSl B 3Ha'-!HTeJibHOH CTenettH M0H OJI0fH'-IHblM H , T.e. a,npecaHTH0U.eHTpH4Hbl MH. l13B eCTHOe BhICKa3hIBatt11e Ha 3TOT c1-1eT:Not the German professor speaks, but scholarship
through him (
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AHrJio-caKCOHCKHH Hayt:!Hb!H CTHJib, HanpOTHB, xapaKTepmyeTCSI KaK no,uą:epKHYTO ,uwaJiorHt.JHhIH, npw6rrm1<aIO�HHC51 K Hayą:Ho-nonyJIS1pH0My CTHJIIO - «TOJiepaHTHblH K a,upecaTy». 3TO CJie,uyeT noHHMaTb TaK, tJ:TO HeMeQKHH Hayt.JHblH TeKCT Ham1caHHblH noHeMeQKH HeMeQKHM y'!eHbIM -HMeeT B KatJ:eCTBe nparMaTHt.JeCKOH ,UOMHHaHTbl ycTaHOBKY Ha coo6�eHHe 3HaHHSI. TipH 3TOM OTBeTCTBeHH0CTb 3a noHHMaHJ.ie TeKCTa HepaBHOMepHO pacnpe,uern,eTCSI Me)K,uy aBTopoM J.1 t.JJ.iTaTeJieM. ,n:rn, HeMeQK0ro y'leHoro -aBTOpa TeKCTa He CTOHT 3a,Uat.Ja c,ueJiaTb ero nOHSITHbIM, HO 3TO OTBeT CTBeHHOCTb t.JHTaTeJISI - nOHSITb TeKCT.
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IlO)].'-lepKHeM 3,n:ecb ell.(e pa3 He065138TeJibHOe COBna,n:eH11e o,n:1rn K OAHOMY CMbJCJIOBOH CTpyKTYPbl Hay'łHOro TeKCTa, 0Tp8)1(810JJ..(eH MbJCJil1TeJibHbie q>83bl, co CTpYKTypoH nosepXHOCTHOro ypOBH51. B TeKCTOBOH TKaHl1 MO)l(eT
JfHmepKyflbmypHaR eapuamueHocmb HaytJH020 meKcma .. .
BAJIEPl151 E. 4EPH51BCKNIHMeTh MeCT0 3HaąHTeJihHa51 K0Mnpeccm1 co,z:i;ep)l(aHH.s!, H Ta HJIH HHa.s! MhlCJll!TeJihHa.s! cpa3a M0)l(eT orpa)l(aThC.s! ,z:i;a)l(e B 0T,ll;eJihH0M npe,ll;lI0)l(eHHH, He o6oco6n5151Ch B rpaHm�ax 0T,ll;eJihHhlX pa3,ll;eJI0B. }];JI.s! cpaBHeHH.s!, B pyccK0ll3hlqHhIX aKa,z:i;eMHąecKHX ny6n11KaQHHX, no ,z:i;aHHhIM E.A.Ea)l(eHOBOH
(1996:201 ),
co,z:i;ep)l(aTeJihHhie 6JIOKH/cerMeHThl, xapaKTepH3YłOI..QHe BB0,ll;H0e «CTapoe» 3HaHHe, qacT0 npe,ll;b51BJillłOTCll CBepHyT0, CJI.HBaHCh ,ll;pyr C ,z:i;pyroM 6e3 qeTKoro pa3rpaH11ąeHHll Ha ypoBHe apXHTeKT0HHKH TeKCTa (T.e . pacnonararoTcH B rpaHm�ax o,z:i;Horo 11 Toro )l(e a63aQa, pa3,z:i;ena, naparpacpa 11 T.n.).B
HayqHhIX ny6nHKaQHl!X HeMeQKHX aBT0p0B, Hanp0THB, npocrre )l(J1BaeTCll TeH,z:i;eHQHll K HX pa3BeTBJieHH0 MY, pa3BepHyT0MY, ,z:i;eTaJIH-3Hp0BaHH0MY npe,z:i;cTaBneHHłO B TeKCTOBOH TKaHH.Oco6eHHO 0TąeTJIHB0 CBoeo6pa311e HeMeQKHX TeKCT0B npe,z:i;cTaeT npH conocTaBnemrn apxHTeKT0HHąecKoro "IJieHeHHll TeKCTa Ha a63aQhl HJIH HHhie pa3,ll;eJihl B pa3Hh!X aKa,z:i;eMH"leCKHX Tpa,ll;HQHHX. TaK, ,ll;Jlll TeKCT0B HeMeQKHX y"leHhIX, 11 CTaTeH H, TeM 6onee, MOHOrpa<pHH, THTTH"IH0 ,z:i;po6Hoe ,z:i;eTaJIH-3Hp0BaHH0e qneHeHHe Ha MH0r11e no,z:i;pa3,z:i;enhI C 3aroJI0BKaMH. TipHBe,z:i;eM THTTH"IHbie npHMephl ornaBneHHll HeMeQKHX HayqHhIX CTaTeH:
I . Fragestellung
2. Theoretische Diskussion ... und bisherige Befunde
2.1 . Zusammenschau und Hypothesen
3. Deskriptive Rahmenbedingungen
4. Methoden: ein neues Analysemodell
5. Ergebnisse
6. Zusammenfassung und Ausblick
I . Einleitung
2. Problemstellung
3. Die Methode der Distraktorabnangigkeit
4. Das I. E xperiment
5. Das 2. E xperiment
5.1. Spezielle Methodik
5.2. Hypothesen
5.3. E rgebnisse
5.4. lnterpretation
6. Zusammenfassende Diskussion
KaK .s!BCTByeT 113 3THX ornaBJieHHH, TeMaT11qecKoe pa3BepThIBaHHe TeKCT0B CTaTeił, Bhipa)KeHH0e B HX "IJieHeHHH Ha no,z:i;pa3,z:i;enhI, T0ąH0 C00TBeTCTByeT MhICJIHTeJihH0MY npoQeccy. B HHX qeTK0 npoCJie)KHBałOTCll
TaK11e KOMn0311Q110HHbie •rnCTl1, KaK «nocTaHOBKa npo6neMbI»
(Fragestel
lung, Problemstellung),
«11cTopm1 Bonpoca»(Theoretische Diskussion und
bisherige Befunde);
«BBe)J,eH11e r11noTe3bI» 11 «)J,OKa3aTeJibCTBO»(Hypothesen,
ein neues Analysemodell, Methoden},
«om1cam1e 3KcnepHMeHTa»(das Experi
ment),
«on11caH11e pe3ynhTaTOB 11ccne)J,0BaH11H»(Ergebnisse, Jnterpretation),
«BbIBO)J,bI»(Zusammenfassung)
11 nporno3(Ausblick).
TaKl1M o6pa30M, cpop MaJibHOe ąneHeH11e (apXHTeKTOHHKa) TeKCTa oąeHb 6JIH3KO nOBTOpHeT CMb1cnoBy10 CTPYKTYPY, oTpa)l(aeT pa3BepHyTo nocne)J,oBaTenhHOCTh 3TanoB MbICJil1TeJihHOro npoQecca Ha TeKCTOBOH nnoCKOCTl1. I1o)J,06Hoe qJieHeH11e MO)l(HO cąHTaTb H)J,eaJibHbIM np11MepoM Toro, KaK MeHTaJihHbie cpa3bl HayąHoro n03HaHl15l Bep6an113y10TCH B HayąHOM TeKCTe, 11 )J,aneKO He Bcer)J,a npocne)l(11BaeTCH B npaKTHKe TeKCTonp0113BO)J,CTBa . .D:nH ny6rr11KaQl1H Ha aHrJil1MCKOM 513bJKe aHrno-aMep11KaHCKHX aBTOpOB THnHąHbIM 5IBJI5leTC51 MeHee )J,po6Hoe 06beMHo-nparMaT11ąecKoe ąneHeH11e, He noBTOpHIOl.l..{ee 3Tanbl cpop11mpoBaHl15l 3HaHl15l, T11na:A. I. Overview;
2. Methods;
3. Results;
4. Discussion;
5. Conclusions.
B. l . Introduction;
2. Preliminary Discussion;
3. Methodological issues;
4. Conclusions.
Bo3Bpall.{eH11e K y)Ke 113BeCTHOMY KaK cpyH)J,aMeHTY HOBOro 3HaHl15l oąeHb xapaKTepHO )J,JIH HeMeQKl1X HayąHbIX ny6n11KaQ11H Ha nane )J,OKa3aTeJibCTBa. HHTepTeKCTyanbHbie OTCblJIK11 K ąy)KHM TeKCTaM W11pOKO 11 11HTeHCl1BHO BKJIIOąaIOTCH B Cl1CTeMy apryMeHTOB, BBO)J,5ITC5l ąacTO KaK 11CXO)J,Hb!H Te311C Ha MHOr11x 11poMe)KyTO'łHbIX Bl1TKax paccy)l()J,eHHH. Ha nane )J,OKa3aTeJib CTBa 11CTl1HHOCTb KaKOH-n1160 TO'-IKl1 3peHH5l MO)KeT nO)J,TBep- )K)J,aTbCH He co6CTBeHHbIMl1 Ha6JIIO)J,eHH51Ml1 aBTOpa, 3MnHpH'łeCK11MH )J,aHHblMl1, HO ą:epe3 CCblJIKl1 Ha 3aKJIIOl.JeHl15l )J,pyr11x yą:eHbIX B Cl1CTeMe cpaBHeH115l, npOTl1BOnOCTaBJieHl15l 11 nOHCHemrn aJibTepHaTl1BHbIX B3rJI5l)J,OB. TaKl1M o6pa30M CKJia)J,bIBaeTCH MHOroHpycHaH (!) 11epapx11H 11HTepTeKCTy- aJibHbIX OTHOWeHl1H - TO, '-ITO C n0311Q11H aHrno-aMep11KaHCKl1X aBTOpOB 11 l.Jl1TaTeneH
HHmepKy11bmypHGfl aapuamUfmocmb Hay'-łH020 meKcma ...
BAJIEPHSł E. l! EPHJI BCKAflBbirJI.Sl.ll.11T KaK «OTKJIOHett11e OT TeMbI» (digressiveness), npOTl1BOnoc TaBJISIMOe Jll1HeHHOMY pa3BepTbIBaHl110 TeMbl.
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kann, darf/ konnte, diirft.e
B co'łeTaHMM c aKTl1BHb!M 11 naCCMBHblM 11Hcp11Hl1Tl1BOM, 6e3Jil1l.fHOro nacc11Ba; KOHCTPYKQMH c rnaronoMsich lassen,
He 11Me101.Q11x TOl.fHoro 3KBl1BanettTa npH nepeBO.ll.e Ha .ll.pyroi-1 Sł3bIK, B TOM 'łl1CJie 11 aHrJil1HCKHH, 11 Bblpa)l(alOI.Ql1X ceMaHTHKY .ll.OnyI.QeHMSł, B03M0)1(HOCTl1 'łero-n1160, noTeHQMaJibHOH npO.ll.0JI)l(aeMOCTl1 no11cKa; 'łepe3 MO.ll.aJibHO-OQeHO'łHbie Hapel.fHSIvermutlich, wahrscheinlich,
mdglicherweise
11 T.n.; e.ll.HHHQbI c ceMaHTl1KOH «OTKpbIToro KOHQa». Han p11Mep:Es liisst sich unschwer voraussagen, dass derarlige Uberlegungen zu he
ft.igen Diskussionen fiihren werden ... Dabei wird man bestrebt sein miissen, die
Problematik ... in den verschiedenen Dimensionen auszuloten.
li
Hier kdnnte noch
eine weitere Analyse der
[ . . . ]durchgefiihrt warden.
li
Man wird immer wieder auf
ojfene Fragen stossen
li
Das ist die noch zu leistende Theorie
11 T.n.3aMeT11 M , 'łTO HeKaTeropH 'łHOCTb Hay'łHOro 113JIO)l(eHHSł B006ll\e 11 11TOI'0BbIX CY)l(.ll.eHl1H, B 'łaCTHOCTH, Bbipa)l(aeMaSI B MO.ll.aJibHOM nnaHe BbIC Ka3bIBaH11H, SIBJISieTcSI B QenoM cT11neBoi-i qepTOH Hay'łHOH pe'ł11. OHa
nacyeTCSI c HOpMaTl1BHO-CTl1Jil1CTl1'-łeCKOH Tpa)].l1Q11e11 Hay'-łHOro o6�eHl1SI,
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1 993).
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C
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A
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11 )].a)l(e3
pa3a 60JibWe KOHCTpyKQ11H C 6e3JIMY:HbIM naCC l1BOM, Heonpe)].eJieHHO-JIM'-łHhIMl1, 6e3JIM'-lHbIMM MeCTOl1MeHMSIMl1 11 T.n., Y:eM aHaJIOrl1Y:Hbie ny6JIMKaQMM yY:eHhIX «aHrJIO-CaKCOHCKOH MeHTaJibHOCTM». Bh16op HeMQaM11 MO)].aJibHblX rnarOJIOB B aHrJIMHCKOM Sl3b!Ke nO}].'-lMHeH 11X HeMeQK11M MeHTaJibHO 11 KYJibTYPHO o6ycnoBneHHhIM o6pa3QaM. 3TO 3Ha'-łl1T, '-łTO Macca KOH CTPYKQ11H ccan, could
(coorneTcrnyeTkann, kannie), might (diirfte), (will) have
to, may be
(coorneTcrnyeTmuss, muss sein)
HBHO npeo6na,!l.aeT B TeKCTax, Han11caHHbIX no-aHrJil1HCKM HeMQaM11, np11 cpaBHeHJ.m C aHrJil1HCKMMl1 ny6n11KaQ11HM11 aHrm1Y:aH/aMep11KaHQeB (no: Clyne1 99 1 :63 ).
I
-}fHmepKy11bmypHClfl BapuamuBHOCmb HGY'łH020 me Kerna .. .
BAJIEPl15l E. 4EPH5JBCKNI
M. KrraiłH npHBO.[(HT npHMe'-łaTeJibHbie pe3yJibTaTbI CBoero onpoca pH,n:a HeMeU.KHX y'-łeHbIX, peryrrHpHO ny6JIHJ<YIOI.I..\HXC51 H Ha pO.[(HOM HeMeU.KOM, H H a a H rJIHH C K O M 513b! K e . TaK , H eKOTO pbl e cneu.HaJIHCTbl B o6rraCTH ecTeCTBeHHblX H TO'-łHbIX HayK np51MO 3a51BHJIH O HenpHeMJieMOCTH HX « H e MeU.KHX HOpM» .[(JI51 aHrJIHHCKOro CTHJI51 Hay'-ł HhlX ny6rrHK a U.HH . fyMaHHTapHH, cneu.HaJIHCTbl B o6rracTH JIHHrBHCTHKH H COU.HaJibHbIX HayK OI.I..\y�arrH ce6H B «THCKax .n:BYX MHpOBH.[(eHHH» ( «caught between two worlds») H 3a51BJI51JIH, '-łTO HX «HeMeU.KHH CTHJlb 6ora'-łe, CJIO)l(Hee He)l(eJIH aHrJIHHCKHH, KOTOpbI H np e,ncTaBJI5l eTC51 HM 6orree TpHBHaJibHbI M » . HeKOTOpbi e onpaunrnaeMbie y'-łeHbie np113HaBaJIHCb, 'łTO «6bIJIH H e noH HTbl aHrJfHHCK11MH KOJirreraMH B TOM CMblCJie, '-łTO MHOrHe Ba)l(Hble 11 noTOMY npocrpaHHO o n H C a H H hl e H,n:e H o u. e H HB aJi l1Cb a H rJIHH C K H M H '-ł HTaTeJI51 M 11 K a K HeperreBaHTHhie» (no: Clyne 1 99 1 : 64).
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