Political Preferences
Preferencje polityczne
10/2015
Redakcja naukowa: Robert Alberski Zbigniew Widera Katowice 2015Rada Naukowa:
SURI GU KDE 5RPDQ %lFNHU 8QLZHUV\WHW 0LNRáDMD .RSHUQLND Z 7RUXQLX 3ROVND SURI GU KDE 7DGHXV] *RGOHZVNL 8QLZHUV\WHW 0LNRáDMD .RSHUQLND Z 7RUXQLX 3ROVND SURI GU KDE ,ZRQD -DNXERZVND%UDQLFND 8QLZHUV\WHW :DUV]DZVNL 3ROVND SURIGUKDE6ODYRPLU0DJiO8QLZHUV\WHWĞZ&\U\ODL0HWRGHJRZ7UQDZLH6áRZDFMD SURI GU KDE -R]HI 0DW~ã 8QLZHUV\WHW ĞZ &\U\OD L 0HWRGHJR Z 7UQDZLH 6áRZDFMD SURI GU KDE /LERU 3DYHUD :\ĪV]D 6]NRáD +DQGORZD 3UDJD &]HFK\ SURI GU KDE 'DQD3HWUDQRYi8QLZHUV\WHWĞZ&\U\ODL0HWRGHJRZ7UQDZLH6áRZDFMDSURIGUKDE 2OJD3URNRSHQNR6XPVNL8QLZHUV\WHW1DURGRZ\8NUDLQDSURIGUKDE7HUHVD6DVLĔVND.ODV 8QLZHUV\WHW -DJLHOORĔVNL Z .UDNRZLH 3ROVND SURI GU KDE -HU]\ 6LHOVNL 8QLZHUV\WHW 6]F]HFLĔVNL3ROVNDGU0DUFMDQQD$XJXVW\Q8QLZHUV\WHWZ+XOO$QJOLDSURI-DQD*DOHUD 0DW~ãRYi8QLZHUV\WHWĞZ&\U\ODL0HWRGHJRZ7UQDZLH6áRZDFMD .ROHJLXPUHGDNF\MQH GUKDE$JQLHV]ND7XUVND.DZDUHGDNWRUQDF]HOQD PJU0DFLHM0DUPRODVHNUHWDU] GUKDE5REHUW$OEHUVNLUHGDNWRUWHPDW\F]Q\V\VWHP\L]DFKRZDQLDZ\ERUF]H GUKDE'DQXWD3OHFNDSURI80.UHGDNWRUWHPDW\F]Q\LGHQW\¿NDFMHSROLW\F]QH GUKDEàXNDV]7RPF]DNUHGDNWRUWHPDW\F]Q\SDUWLHSROLW\F]QH GUKDE=ELJQLHZ:LGHUDSURI8(UHGDNWRUWHPDW\F]Q\PDUNHWLQJSROLW\F]Q\ GUKDE:DOGHPDU:RMWDVLNUHGDNWRUWHPDW\F]Q\V\VWHP\SDUW\MQH PJU3U]HP\VáDZ*U]RQNDUHGDNWRUVWDW\VW\F]Q\ 3URMHNWRNáDGNL-DURVáDZ:LFKXUD :HUVMDSLHUZRWQDF]DVRSLVPDSDSLHURZD 5HFHQ]HQFL
GU KDE $JQLHV]ND .DVLĔVND0HWU\ND SURI 8-. Z .LHOFDFK 8QLZHUV\WHW LP -DQD .RFKDQRZVNLHJRZ.LHOFDFKGUKDE0DFLHM'U]RQHN8QLZHUV\WHW6]F]HFLĔVNLGUKDE -DFHN6XU]\Q8QLZHUV\WHWĝOąVNLZ.DWRZLFDFKSURIGUKDE+DQD3UDYGRYi8QLZHUV\WHW ĞZ&\U\ODL0HWRGHJRZ7UQDZLH6áRZDFMDSURIGUKDEďXGPLODýiE\RYi8QLZHUV\WHW ĞZ&\U\ODL0HWRGHJRZ7UQDZLH6áRZDFMDGUKDE-XOLiQD0LQiULNRYi8QLZHUV\WHWĞZ &\U\ODL0HWRGHJRZ7UQDZLH6áRZDFMD &HQWUXP,QQRZDFML7UDQVIHUX7HFKQRORJLLL5R]ZRMX)XQGDFMD8QLZHUV\WHWXĝOąVNLHJR Katowice 2015
:\GDZFą F]DVRSLVPD MHVW ,QVW\WXW 1DXN 3ROLW\F]Q\FK L ']LHQQLNDUVWZD 8QLZHUV\WHWX ĝOąVNLHJRRUD]&HQWUXP,QQRZDFML7UDQVIHUX7HFKQRORJLLL5R]ZRMX)XQGDFMD8QLZHUV\WHWX ĝOąVNLHJR 3DWURQDWQDGSURMHNWHPVSUDZXMą3ROVNLH7RZDU]\VWZR1DXN3ROLW\F]Q\FKRUD]7RZDU]\VWZR ,QLFMDW\Z1DXNRZ\FK ISSN: 2083-327X 'UXN5(0$5ZZZUHPDUVRVQRZLHFSOHPDLOZ\GDZQLFWZR#UHPDUVRVQRZLHFSO
63,675(ģ&,
:VWĊS ... 7 Waldemar Wojtasik 8QLZHUV\WHWĝOąVNLZ.DWRZLFDFK3ROVND
3ROVNLZ\ERUFDZSHUVSHNW\ZLHPRGHOXJáRVRZDQLDUHWURVSHNW\ZQHJR ... 9 àXNDV]7RPF]DN8QLZHUV\WHW6]F]HFLĔVNL3ROVND :\ERUF\SROVNLFKSDUWLLSROLW\F]Q\FKZREHFSUREOHPXUR]ZDUVWZLHQLD VSRáHF]QHJR ... 23 $JQLHV]ND7XUVND.DZD8QLZHUV\WHWĝOąVNLZ.DWRZLFDFK3ROVND &]\QQLNJRVSRGDUF]\MDNRSUHG\NWRU]DFKRZDĔZ\ERUF]\FK ... 37 .DUROLQD7\EXFKRZVND+DUWOLĔVND8QLZHUV\WHW:DUPLĔVNR0D]XUVNL Z2OV]W\QLH3ROVND 3DUW\F\SDFMDSROLW\F]QDZ3ROVFH ... 51 5REHUW$OEHUVNL8QLZHUV\WHW:URFáDZVNL3ROVND
Danuta Plecka 8QLZHUV\WHW0LNRáDMD.RSHUQLNDZ7RUXQLX3ROVND
2E\ZDWHOVNLHNRPSHWHQFMHSROLW\F]QHDZ\EUDQHPRW\Z\SRGHMPRZDQLD GHF\]MLZ\ERUF]\FK ... 71 0DJGDOHQD0XVLDá.DUJ8QLZHUV\WHW$GDPD0LFNLHZLF]DZ3R]QDQLX3ROVND
*áRVRZDQLHHOHNWURQLF]QHMDNRDOWHUQDW\ZQDPHWRGDXF]HVWQLF]HQLD
ZZ\ERUDFKRSLQLH3RODNyZ ... 87 Maciej Marmola 8QLZHUV\WHWĝOąVNLZ.DWRZLFDFK3ROVND
6SRáHF]QHSRVWU]HJDQLHLQVW\WXFMLrecall i weta ludowego w warunkach
polskich ... 109 $JQLHV]NDàXNDVLN7XUHFND.DWROLFNL8QLZHUV\WHW/XEHOVNL-DQD3DZáD,,3ROVND
3RSDUFLHNDQG\GDWDSU]H]OLGHUDSDUWLLDGHF\]MHZ\ERUFyZ
Agata Olszanecka-Marmola 8QLZHUV\WHWĝOąVNLZ.DWRZLFDFK3ROVND 5HNODPDQHJDW\ZQDLZL]HUXQNRZDZRGELRU]HSROVNLHJRHOHNWRUDWX ... 133 7RPDV]2OF]\N8QLZHUV\WHW:DUV]DZVNL3ROVND 6LáDFHOHEU\WyZZNDPSDQLLZ\ERUF]HM ... 147 -DQLQD.RZDOLN8QLZHUV\WHW-DQD.RFKDQRZVNLHJRZ.LHOFDFK3ROVND 'HPRNUDFMDORNDOQDDLGHDRJUDQLF]HQLDOLF]E\NDGHQFMLZyMWyZEXUPLVWU]yZ SUH]\GHQWyZPLDVW ... 159 'RPLQLN6]F]HSDĔVNL8QLZHUV\WHW5]HV]RZVNL3ROVND :\EyURSFMLF]\RVRE\"'HWHUPLQDQW\]DFKRZDĔZ\ERUF]\FKPLHV]NDĔFyZ ZRMHZyG]WZDSRGNDUSDFNLHJRZZ\ERUDFKGR3DUODPHQWX(XURSHMVNLHJR ZUZĞZLHWOHEDGDĔHPSLU\F]Q\FK ... 177 Summaries ... 195
,QWURGXFWLRQ ... 7 Waldemar Wojtasik 8QLYHUVLW\RI6LOHVLDLQ.DWRZLFH3RODQG
3ROLVKYRWHULQWKHSHUVSHFWLYHRIUHWURVSHFWLYHYRWLQJPRGHO ... 9 àXNDV]7RPF]DN6]F]HFLQ8QLYHUVLW\3RODQG 3ROLVKSROLWLFDOSDUWLHVYRWHUVDQGVRFLDOVWUDWL¿FDWLRQSUREOHP ... 23 $JQLHV]ND7XUVND.DZD8QLYHUVLW\RI6LOHVLDLQ.DWRZLFH3RODQG (FRQRPLFIDFWRUDVDSUHGLFWRURIYRWLQJEHKDYLRXU ... 37 .DUROLQD7\EXFKRZVND+DUWOLĔVND8QLYHUVLW\RI:DUPLDDQG0D]XU\LQ 2OV]W\Q3RODQG 3ROLWLFDOSDUWLFLSDWLRQLQ3RODQG ... 51 5REHUW$OEHUVNL8QLYHUVLW\RI:URFáDZ3RODQG
Danuta Plecka 1LFRODXV&RSHUQLFXV8QLYHUVLW\LQ7RUXĔ3RODQG &LYLOSROLWLFDOFRPSHWHQF\DQGFKRVHQUHDVRQVZKHQWDNLQJ
electoral decisions ... 71 0DJGDOHQD0XVLDá.DUJ$GDP0LFNLHZLF]8QLYHUVLW\LQ3R]QDĔ3RODQG
(OHFWURQLFYRWLQJDVDQDOWHUQDWLYHPHWKRGRISDUWLFLSDWLRQLQWKHHOHFWLRQV± RSLQLRQVRI3ROHV ... 87 Maciej Marmola 8QLYHUVLW\RI6LOHVLDLQ.DWRZLFH3RODQG
7KHVRFLDOUHFHSWLRQRIUHFDOODQGSHRSOH¶VYHWRDPRQJ3ROLVKHOHFWRUDWH ... 109 $JQLHV]NDàXNDVLN7XUHFND7KH-RKQ3DXO,,&DWKROLF8QLYHUVLW\RI/XEOLQ 3RODQG
Support the candidate by the party leader and the decisions of voters.
(OHFWRUDOVWXG\ ... 121
Agata Olszanecka-Marmola 8QLYHUVLW\RI6LOHVLDLQ.DWRZLFH3RODQG 1HJDWLYHDQGYLVXDODGYHUWLVLQJLQWKHUHFHSWLRQRI3ROLVKHOHFWRUDWH ... 133 7RPDV]2OF]\N:DUVDZ8QLYHUVLW\3RODQG 7KHVWUHQJWKRIFHOHEULWLHVLQWKHHOHFWLRQFDPSDLJQ ... 147 -DQLQD.RZDOLN7KH-DQ.RFKDQRZVNL8QLYHUVLW\LQ.LHOFH3RODQG /RFDOGHPRFUDF\DQGWKHLGHDRIWHUPOLPLWVYRLWVPD\RUV ... 159 'RPLQLN6]F]HSDĔVNL8QLYHUVLW\RI5]HV]yZ3RODQG 6HOHFWLQJWKHSHUVRQ"'HWHUPLQDQWVRIYRWLQJEHKDYLRULQKDELWDQWVRIWKH 6XEFDUSDWKLDQ9RLYRGHVKLSLQHOHFWLRQVWRWKH(XURSHDQ3DUOLDPHQWLQ in the light of empirical research ... 177 Summaries ... 195
6800$5,(6
Waldemar Wojtasik8QLYHUVLW\RI6LOHVLDLQ.DWRZLFH3RODQG
3ROLVKYRWHULQWKHSHUVSHFWLYHRIUHWURVSHFWLYHYRWLQJPRGH
7KHLGHDRIUHWURVSHFWLYHYRWLQJUHIHUVWRYRWLQJGHFLVLRQVWKDWDUHEDVHG on an evaluation of how the government has managed the economy. Research RQHFRQRPLFYRWLQJLQ3RODQGKDYHEHHQFDUULHGRXWIURPWKHEHJLQQLQJRIWKH GHPRFUDWLFWUDQVIRUPDWLRQIRFXVLQJRQLVRODWLQJDQGWHVWLQJRIWKHWUDQVLWLRQ PRGHO VSHFL¿F WR WKH FRXQWULHV RI &HQWUDO(XURSH ,WV GL൵HUHQWLDWLQJIHDWXUH LV D QRYHO ZD\ RI VLPXOWDQHRXVO\ MRLQLQJ WKH UHWURVSHFWLYH DQG SURVSHFWLYH PRWLYDWLRQVLQWKHEHKDYLRXURIYRWHUVFRPSDUHGWRWKHFRQYHQWLRQDOPRGHO SUHVHQWLQFRQVROLGDWHGGHPRFUDFLHV7KHUHWURVSHFWLYHYRWLQJPRGHOLVGH¿QHG as deciding whether to reward or punish the incumbent party on the basis of past SROLF\SHUIRUPDQFH%DVHGRQDQDO\VLVDQGRZQUHVHDUFKWKHSUHVHQWHGSDSHU evidences that the validity of applying the transitional model in the study of HFRQRPLFYRWLQJLQ3RODQGKDVEHHQH[KDXVWHGDVWKHUHWURVSHFWLYHPRWLYDWLRQ is nowadays predominant in the decisions of voters.
.H\ZRUGVHOHFWLRQVHFRQRPLFYRWLQJUHWURVSHFWLYHYRWLQJSURVSHFWLYHYRWLQJ àXNDV] 7RPF]DN8QLYHUVLW\RI6]F]HFLQ3RODQG
3ROLVKSROLWLFDOSDUWLHVYRWHUVDQGVRFLDOVWUDWL¿FDWLRQSUREOHP
Article refers to the ratio of the party and their constituents facing the SUREOHPV RI VRFLDO VWUDWL¿FDWLRQ7KH DQDO\VLV XQGHUZHQW YRWHUV RI HOHFWLRQV WR WKH (XURSHDQ 3DUOLDPHQW DQG HOHFWLRQ WR WKH ORFDO JRYHUQPHQWV 7KHUH ZHUH FRQVLGHUHG ¿YH 3ROLVK SDUWLHV 3ODWIRUPD 2E\ZDWHOVND 3UDZR L 6SUDZLHGOLZRĞü 6RMXV] /HZLF\ 'HPRNUDW\F]QHM 3ROVNLH 6WURQQLFWZR /XGRZH1RZD3UDZLFDRI-DQXV].RUZLQ0LNNH7KHUHVSRQGHQWV¶SUHIHU7KH UHVSRQGHQWV¶SUHIHUHQFHVZHUHDOVRH[DPLQHGLQWKHUHODWLRQWRWKHSODFHRQWKH
SROLWLFDOVFHQHGHFODUHGE\WKHPDQGGH¿QLQJDFFRUGLQJO\DVOHIWZLQJULJKW ZLQJDQGFHQWUH,WZDVTXHVWLRQHGZKHWKHUGL൵HUHQFHVLQLQFRPHEHWZHHQULFK DQGSRRULQ3RODQGDUHWRRODUJHDQGZKHWKHUWKHVWDWHVKRXOGVHHNWRUHGXFH LQFRPHLQHTXDOLWLHVRIFLWL]HQV)RUWKHYRWHUVRIPRVWRIWKHSDUWLHVLQFRPH GL൵HUHQFHVZHUHWRRKLJK7KHYRWHUPDMRULW\DOVREHOLHYHGWKDWWKHVWDWHZDV WRUHGXFHWKHGL൵HUHQFHV7KHPDMRULW\RIRSSRQHQWVRIWKHVWDWHLQYROYHPHQW ZDVRQO\LQWKHJURXSRIYRWHUVRI1RZD3UDZLFD7KHYLHZVRIYRWHUVVOLJKWO\ GL൵HUHGLQWKHFRQWH[WRIOHIWDQGULJKWGLYLVLRQ .H\ZRUGVSROLVKSDUW\V\VWHPVRFLDOVWUDWL¿FDWLRQOHIWDQGULJKW $JQLHV]ND7XUVND.DZD8QLYHUVLW\RI6LOHVLDLQ.DWRZLFH3RODQG (FRQRPLFIDFWRUDVDSUHGLFWRURIYRWLQJEHKDYLRXU 7KHDUWLFOHVHHNVWRDQVZHUWKHTXHVWLRQRIZKHWKHUDQGLI\HV±WRZKDW H[WHQWYRWHUVDUHJXLGHGE\HFRQRPLFLVVXHVLQWKHLUGHFLVLRQVDERXWHOHFWRUDO SDUWLFLSDWLRQDFWLYLW\RUSDVVLYLW\LQWKHHOHFWLRQV7KHDQDO\VLVRIWKLVTXHVWLRQ ZDV FDUULHG RXW LQ WKH FRQWH[W RI GHFODUHG HOHFWRUDO EHKDYLRU RI WKH UHVSRQ GHQWVLQHOHFWLRQVZKLFKWRRNSODFHLQQDPHO\WRWKH(XURSHDQ3DUOLDPHQW DQGWKH3ROLVKUHJLRQDOYRLYRGVKLSSDUOLDPHQWV'HWDLOHGDQDO\VLVZDVDLPHG DWYHULI\LQJWKHVRFLRGHPRJUDSKLFYDULDEOHVWKDWFRXOGVLJQL¿FDQWO\GL൵HUHQWLDWH WKHVXEMHFWLYHLPSRUWDQFHRIWKHHFRQRPLFIDFWRULQGHFLVLRQVWDNHQRQHOHFWRUDO SDUWLFLSDWLRQ7KHVHHPSLULFDOFRQVLGHUDWLRQVWRRNLQWRDFFRXQWYDULDEOHVVXFK DVVH[DJHHGXFDWLRQPDULWDOVWDWXV¿QDQFLDOVLWXDWLRQSURIHVVLRQDOVWDWXVDQG place of residence. .H\ZRUGVHOHFWRUDOEHKDYLRUHFRQRPLFLVVXHVHOHFWRUDOSDUWLFLSDWLRQ
.DUROLQD 7\EXFKRZVND+DUWOLĔVND 8QLYHUVLW\ RI :DUPLD DQG 0D]XU\ LQ2OV]W\Q3RODQG
Political participation in Poland
%DVLQJ RQ UHVHDUFK FDUULHG RXW RQ D UHSUHVHQWDWLYH JURXS RI 3ROHV DVSDUWRIDQDWLRQDOUHVHDUFKSURMHFWFDOOHGÄ3ROLWLFDOSUHIHUHQFHV$WWLWXGHV ,GHQWLWLHV%HKDYLRXUV´LWFDQEHFRQFOXGHGWKDWUHVSRQGHQWVWKHPRVWRIWHQSRLQW H[SUHVVLQJ WKHLU EHOLHIV WKURXJK SHWLWLRQV ORFDO LQLWLDWLYHV DQG GHPRQVWUDWLRQV5HVHDUFKVKRZVWKDWPHQPRUHIUHTXHQWO\WKDQZRPHQ H[SUHVV WKHLU RSLQLRQV WKURXJK SHWLWLRQV ORFDO LQLWLDWLYHV DQGGHPRQVWUDWLRQV,QKDELWDQWVRIYLOODJHVDQG WRZQVRYHUWKRXVDQGSHRSOHZHUHQHDUO\WZRWLPHVPRUHDFWLYHWKDQFLWL]HQV
Summaries RIPHGLXPVL]HGYLOODJHV+DYLQJDWOHDVWDVHFRQGDU\VFKRROHGXFDWLRQGH¿ QLWHO\LQFUHDVHVSHRSOH¶VDFWLYLW\DSSUR[PRUHWKDQKDYLQJDYRFDWLRQDO HGXFDWLRQDSSUR[([SUHVVLQJYLHZVLVDOVRGHSHQGHQWRQDJHEHFDXVH \RXQJHUSHRSOHGRLWPRUHIUHTXHQWO\WKDQHOGHURQHV7KHPRVWLQGLFDWHGZHUH LQGLYLGXDOVLQWKHDJHJURXSPRUHUDUHO\DOWKRXJKLQFRPSDUDEOH SURSRUWLRQVSHRSOHDJHGDQGZKLOHLQWKHQH[WDJHJURXSVWKDW DFWLYLW\GURSVVLJQL¿FDQWO\3HRSOHDJHGDQGWKHPRVWZLOOLQJO\ WDNHSDUWLQGHPRQVWUDWLRQV3HRSOHDJHGVLJQSHWLWLRQVDQGHQJDJHLQ ORFDOLQLWLDWLYHV$PRQJFLWL]HQVLQWKHDJHRIDQGPRUHWKHUHLVQRWHYLGHQW GLYHUVLW\LQWKHIRUPVRISDUWLFLSDWLRQ7KHGL൵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¿FDQWGL൵HUHQFHVZKHQLWFRPHVWRPHPEHUVKLSLQSROLWLFDO SDUWLHV WUDGH XQLRQV QRQJRYHUQPHQW RUJDQL]DWLRQV DQG ORFDO DVVRFLDWLRQV *UHDWHUGLVSURSRUWLRQVDUHKLJKOLJKWHGZKHQFRPSDULQJEHORQJLQJWRGL൵HUHQW W\SHV RI RUJDQL]DWLRQV 5HJDUGOHVV RI WKH RSLQLRQV WKH PRVW SRSXODU DUH ORFDODVVRFLDWLRQVIROORZHGE\ QRQJRYHUQPHQWRUJDQL]DWLRQVWUDGHXQLRQV DQGWKHOHDVWSROLWLFDOSDUWLHV,QFRQFOXVLRQLWFDQEHVDLGWKDWWKHSROLWLFDO SDUWLFLSDWLRQLQ3RODQGFOHDUO\LQGLFDWHVZKRLVPRUHIUHTXHQWDQGZKRLVPRUH VHOGRPZLOOLQJWREHDFWLYHLQWKLVDUHD,WVHHPVWREHDQLPSRUWDQWFOXHIRU WKRVHZLVKLQJWRWDNHH൵HFWLYHDFWLYLWLHVWRLQFUHDVHWKHLQYROYHPHQWRIFLWL]HQV .H\ZRUGVSROLWLFDOSDUWLFLSDWLRQ3RODQGORFDOLQLWLDWLYHVGHPRQVWUDWLRQV petitions 5REHUW$OEHUVNL8QLYHUVLW\RI:URFáDZ3RODQG
Danuta Plecka1LFRODXV&RSHUQLFXV8QLYHUVLW\LQ7RUXĔ3RODQG
&LYLOSROLWLFDOFRPSHWHQF\DQGFKRVHQUHDVRQVZKHQWDNLQJHOHFWRUDOGHFLVLRQV &LYLOSROLWLFDOFRPSHWHQF\EXWHVSHFLDOO\SXEOLFWUXVWDUHWKHEDVLVRIGHYH ORSPHQWRIWKHFLYLOVRFLHW\/HYHORIFLYLOSROLWLFDOFRPSHWHQF\DOVRLQÀXHQFHWKH HOHFWRUDOEHKDYLRXU,QDUHVHDUFKPDGHLQWKHHQGRIZHDVNHGDERXW3ROLVK people civil political competency and about chosen reasons when taking electoral GHFLVLRQV7KHJURXSZKRGHFODUHVDQDEVHQFHLQWKHHOHFWLRQRUQRWWDNLQJELJ
care about their electoral decisions and also have lack of skills to determine on ZKLFKSODFHRQWKHOHIWULJKWOLQHWKH\DUHJLYHHYLGHQFHRIDYHU\ORZOHYHORI civil political competencies. Less important for them are programs and future SODQVSUHVHQWHGE\WKHSROLWLFLDQVDQGSROLWLFDOSDUWLHVDQGDOVRKRZWKH\UHDOL]H WKHPRUQRW:KHQWDNLQJDQHOHFWRUDOGHFLVLRQRQWKHORFDOOHYHOWKLVJURXSWDNH a lesser degree of care then other voters about the local elections candidates (for PD\RUVFRXQFLOPHPEHUHWFPHPEHUVKLSVWRWKHSROLWLFDOSDUWLHV .H\ZRUGVSROLWLFDOFRPSHWHQFHVHOHFWRUDOEHKDYLRUHOHFWRUDOGHFLVLRQVSROLWLFDO SDUWLHVSDUOLDPHQWDU\HOHFWLRQVORFDOHOHFWLRQV 0DJGDOHQD0XVLDá.DUJ$GDP0LFNLHZLF]8QLYHUVLW\LQ3R]QDĔ3RODQG (OHFWURQLFYRWLQJDVDQDOWHUQDWLYHPHWKRGRISDUWLFLSDWLRQLQWKHHOHFWLRQV± RSLQLRQVRI3ROHV
7KH UHVHDUFK VXEMHFW RI WKLV SDSHU DUH WKH RSLQLRQV RI 3ROHV RQ WKH implementation of one of the alternative methods of voting in elections and UHIHUHQGXPVDQHOHFWURQLFDOO\DVVLVWHGYRWLQJ7KHPDLQDLPRIWKHDXWKRULV WKHDQDO\VLVRIWKHDWWLWXGHVRI3ROHVRQWKHLGHDRIHVWDEOLVKPHQWRIHYRWLQJ LQ3RODQGDQGWKHLUGHFODUDWLRQVUHJDUGLQJWKHXVHRIHYRWLQJLIVXFKSRVVL ELOLW\7KH¿QGLQJVZRXOGEHVXSSOHPHQWHGZLWKVHOHFWHGGDWDIURPWKHSXEOLF RSLQLRQSROOVUHDOL]HGE\WKH2൶FHRI+XPDQ5LJKWV'HIHQGHU2PEXGVPDQ .H\ZRUGVHOHFWURQLFYRWLQJHYRWLQJ,QWHUQHWYRWLQJRSLQLRQVRI3ROHV Maciej Marmola8QLYHUVLW\RI6LOHVLDLQ.DWRZLFH3RODQG
7KHVRFLDOUHFHSWLRQRIUHFDOODQGSHRSOH¶VYHWRDPRQJ3ROLVKHOHFWRUDWH 7KH LQVWLWXWLRQV RI GLUHFW GHPRFUDF\ VHHP WR EH FUXFLDO IRU H൵HFWLYH IXQFWLRQLQJRISROLWLFDOV\VWHP7KHLQFOXVLRQRIFLWL]HQVLQGHFLVLRQPDNLQJ process ensures that political representatives remain accountable throughout WKHLUWHUPDQGPXVWEHUHVSRQVLYHWRWKHZLVKHVRIWKHYRWHUV7KHHPSLULFDO research conducted by the author proves that prevalent portion of electorate H[SHFWVWKHLQWURGXFWLRQRIUHFDOODQGSHRSOH¶VYHWRWR3ROLVKODZ7KHUHVXOWV RIDQDO\VLVFRQ¿UPWKHKLJKOHYHORIFLWL]HQV¶VXSSRUWIRULQVWLWXWLRQVRIGLUHFW GHPRFUDF\7KLVVXSSRUWLVDUWLFXODWHGE\DOOJURXSVRI3ROLVKHOHFWRUDWHUHJDU GOHVVRISDUW\D൶OLDWLRQDQGLGHRORJLFDOYLHZSRLQWV .H\ZRUGVGLUHFWGHPRFUDF\UHFDOOSHRSOH¶VYHWRVRFLDOUHFHSWLRQ3ROLVK electorate
Summaries
$JQLHV]NDàXNDVLN7XUHFND7KH-RKQ3DXO,,&DWKROLF8QLYHUVLW\RI/XEOLQ 3RODQG
6XSSRUW WKH FDQGLGDWH E\ WKH SDUW\ OHDGHU DQG WKH GHFLVLRQV RI YRWHUV (OHFWRUDOVWXG\ &RPSHWLWLRQLQWKHHOHFWLRQVPDNHVLWQHFHVVDU\IRUWKHSDUWLFLSDQWVWR VHHNGL൵HUHQWZD\VRIVWDQGLQJRXWIURPWKHRWKHUV2QHRIWKHZD\VLVWRXWLOL]H WKHUXOHRIWKHDXWKRULW\7KHPHFKDQLVPRIWKHLUUDGLDWLRQWHFKQLTXHFDXVHV SRVLWLYHIHHOLQJVWRUDGLDWHIURPDSHUVRQZHOONQRZQWRDQGUHVSHFWHGE\DQ HOHFWRUDWHRQWRDOHVVZHOONQRZQSHUVRQEXWFRQQHFWHGZLWKWKHIRUPHUHYHQ WKURXJKKDYLQJDSKRWRWRJHWKHU7KHDLPRIWKHSDSHULVWRVKRZZKDWSRVLWLRQ those polled took on the issue of using the rule of the authority in the election FDPSDLJQVLQ7KHUHVXOWVRIVXUYH\VFRQGXFWHGLQWKHDXWXPQRI FOHDUO\VKRZZKLFKSDUW\HOHFWRUDWHVDUHSURQHWREHLQÀXHQFHGE\WKLVW\SHRI DGYHUWLVLQJZKHWKHUE\EHLQJGLUHFWO\WROGE\WKHSDUW\OHDGHUZKLFKFDQGLGDWH VKRXOGEHYRWHGIRURUE\WKHFDQGLGDWH¶VSKRWRWRJHWKHUZLWKWKHSDUW\OHDGHU or chairman. .H\ZRUGVHOHFWLRQFDPSDLJQHOHFWLRQDGYHUWLVLQJLUUDGLDWLRQWHFKQLTXH Agata Olszanecka-Marmola8QLYHUVLW\RI6LOHVLDLQ.DWRZLFH3RODQG
1HJDWLYHDQGYLVXDODGYHUWLVLQJLQWKHUHFHSWLRQRI3ROLVKHOHFWRUDWH
*URZLQJSURIHVVLRQDOL]DWLRQDQGSHUVRQDOL]DWLRQRIHOHFWRUDOFDPSDLJQV have prompted political parties to concentrate on political image and negative FDPSDLJQLQJ 7KLV WHQGHQF\ LV PDLQO\ QRWLFHDEOH LQ 79 DGYHUWLVHPHQWV 3UHVHQWHG DUWLFOH FRQVLVWV RI WZR SDUWV 7KH ¿UVW RQH GLVFXVVHV WKH UROH RI QHJDWLYHDQGLPDJHDGV7KHRWKHUSDUWLQFOXGHVWKHUHVXOWVRIUHVHDUFKFRQGXFWHG E\WKHDXWKRU7KHDQDO\VLVVKRZVWKDWWKHYDVWPDMRULW\RI3ROLVKHOHFWRUDWH GRHVQRWDSSURYHXVLQJRIQHJDWLYHDQGLPDJHDGYHUWLVLQJ,WFDQGHQRWHWKDW YRWHUVDUHH[KDXVWHGRISHUPDQHQWPXWXDODWWDFNVRIWZRPDMRU3ROLVKSDUWLHV &LYLF3ODWIRUP/DZDQG-XVWLFHDQGH[SHFWPRUHLVVXHRULHQWHGSROLWLFV .H\ ZRUGV SROLWLFDO DGYHUWLVLQJ DGYHUWLVLQJ QHJDWLYH DGV SROLWLFDO LPDJH image ads
7RPDV]2OF]\N:DUVDZ8QLYHUVLW\3RODQG
7KHVWUHQJWKRIFHOHEULWLHVLQWKHHOHFWLRQFDPSDLJQ
7KH DUWLFOH SUHVHQWV DQDO\VLV RI SHUFHSWLRQV RI HOHFWRUDO FKDQFHV RI FHOHEULW\FDQGLGDWHVDQGRSLQLRQVDERXWLQÀXHQFHRIFHOHEULW\HQGRUVHPHQWVRQ YRWHUVGHFLVLRQVDPRQJYRWHUVLQWKH(XURSHDQ3DUOLDPHQWHOHFWLRQVDQG ORFDOHOHFWLRQVLQWKHVDPH\HDULQ3RODQG)URPXSWRRIHOHFWRUDWHV RIDOOH[FHSWRQHSDUW\DJUHHZLWKWKHSUHSRVLWLRQWKDWFHOHEULWLHVKDYHELJJHU FKDQFHVWRZLQHOHFWLRQVWKDQWUDGLWLRQDOSROLWLFLDQV7KHRQO\H[FHSWLRQDUH YRWHUVRI1HZ5LJKWRI-DQXV].RUZLQ±0LNNH8SWRRIHOHFWRUDWHVWHQG WRDJUHHZLWKFODLPVWKDWFHOHEULW\HQGRUVHPHQWKDYHVLJQL¿FDQWLQÀXHQFHRQ YRWHUVGHFLVLRQ,QWKLVFDVHQHLWKHUSDUW\LGHQWL¿FDWLRQQRUGHFODUHGLGHRORJ\ LV VLJQL¿FDQW GL൵HUHQWLDWRU 7KHVH ¿QGLQJV LQWHUSUHWHG LQ WHUPV RI WKH ORZ information rationality theory suggest that utilisation of celebrity in electoral campaings my serve as an important cue for a low information voters.
.H\ZRUGVFHOHEULW\SROLWLFLDQFHOHEULWL]DWLRQFHOHEULWLHVHOHFWLRQFDPSDLJQ -DQLQD.RZDOLN7KH-DQ.RFKDQRZVNL8QLYHUVLW\LQ.LHOFH3RODQG /RFDOGHPRFUDF\DQGWKHLGHDRIWHUPOLPLWVYRLWVPD\RUV )RUVRPHWLPHWKHUHLVDGHEDWHRQWKHWHUPRIR൶FHPD\RUVDQGSUHVL GHQWVRIFLWLHV6XEMHFWRIWKHDUWLFOHLVWRDQDO\]HYLHZVRQGHPRFUDF\DQG LQGLFDWRUVRIGHPRFUDF\LQFOXGLQJWKHORFDOGLPHQVLRQLQWKHFRQWH[WRIWKH controversy over the long cadence reeves impact on the functioning of local JRYHUQPHQW7KHDXWKRUDOVRH[WHQGVWRSXEOLFRSLQLRQSROOVRQWKHLVVXHRI OLPLWLQJWKHFDGHQFHRIPD\RUV:HDUHDQDO\]LQJWKHDUJXPHQWVRIVXSSRUWHUV DQGRSSRQHQWVRIOLPLWLQJWKHFDGHQFHRIH[HFXWLYHSRZHULQPXQLFLSDOLWLHV DVZHOODVWKHGLOHPPDVDVVRFLDWHGZLWKWKHFRQVHTXHQFHVRIVXFKUHVWULFWLRQV IRU WKH TXDOLW\ RI GHPRFUDF\ /LPLWLQJ FDGHQFH KDV DV PDQ\ VXSSRUWHUV DV RSSRQHQWV±ERWKVLGHVKDYHVHULRXVDUJXPHQWVIRUWKHLUSRVLWLRQV
.H\ZRUGVGHPRFUDF\ORFDOGHPRFUDF\ORFDOHOHFWLRQVFDGHQFHVPD\RUVDQG presidents of cities
Summaries
'RPLQLN6]F]HSDĔVNL8QLYHUVLW\RI5]HV]yZ3RODQG
6HOHFWLQJ WKH SHUVRQ" 'HWHUPLQDQWV RI YRWLQJ EHKDYLRU LQKDELWDQWV RI WKH 6XEFDUSDWKLDQ9RLYRGHVKLSLQHOHFWLRQVWRWKH(XURSHDQ3DUOLDPHQWLQLQ WKHOLJKWRIHPSLULFDOUHVHDUFK 7KHDLPRIWKHDUWLFOHZDVWRSUHVHQWIDFWRUVLQÀXHQFLQJYRWLQJEHKD YLRXUVRIWKH6XEFDUSDWKLDQ9RLYRGHVKLSFLWL]HQVGXULQJ(XURSHDQ3DUOLDPHQW HOHFWLRQVLQLQWKHOLJKWRIWKHFRQGXFWHGHPSLULFDOUHVHDUFK7KHLQGL FDWRUVWKDWJXLGHGYRWHUVZKHQFDVWLQJYRWHVWREDOORWER[HVZHUHDQDO\VHGRQ WKHEDVLVRIDVHWRIYDULDEOHVVXFKDVWKHDWWUDFWLYHQHVVRIHOHFWLRQSURJUDPPHV DQGSROLWLFDOSDUWLHVFRPSHWHQFHVRIFDQGLGDWHVWKHUROHRIWKH&DWKROLF&KXUFK GXULQJ WKH HOHFWLRQ FDPSDLJQ RU WKH DZDUHQHVV RI YRWHUV VHOIUHOLDQFH LQ PDNLQJHOHFWRUDOGHFLVLRQVRULWVODFN7KHDQDO\VLVDQGLQWHUSUHWDWLRQVIURPWKH conducted research were preceded by a voting description of the Subcarpathian 9RLYRGHVKLSWUHDWHGRQDHOHFWRUDOPDSRI3RODQGDVDVSHFL¿FUHJLRQGXHWR LWVDERYHDYHUDJHVXSSRUWJLYHQWRFDQGLGDWHVDQGSDUWLHVRIULJKWZLQJSURYH QDQFH,Q WKH ¿QDO SDUW FRQFOXVLRQV GUDZQ IURP WKHDQDO\WLFDOSURFHVV ZHUH presented.
.H\ZRUGVSHUVRQDOL]DWLRQ6XEFDUSDWKLDQ9RLYRGHVKLS(XURSHDQ3DUOLDPHQW HOHFWLRQVYRWLQJEHKDYLRXU