Wave-Induced Ship Motions and Loads
i F i M t i e r Experimental Techniques
Wake Dynamics
Viscous Ship Hydrodynamics
Water Entry
Wave Hydrodynamics/Stratified Plow
B luffBo^ytl yd rodynam i c s ^
Hydrodynamics in Ship Design
Shallow Water Hydrodynamics
Cavitation and Bubbly Flows
Propulsor Hydrodynamics/Hydroacoustics
Fluid Dynamics in the Naval Context
CFD Validation
Twenty-First Symposium on
NAVAL HYDRODYNAMICS
Wave-Induced Ship Motions and Loads
Frontier Experimental Techniques
Wake Dynamics
Viscous Ship Hydrodynamics
Water Entry
Wave Hydrodynamics/Stratified Flow
Bluff Body Hydrodynamics
Hydrodynamics in Ship Design
Shallow Water Hydrodynamics
Cavitation and Bubbly Flows
Propulsor Hydrodynamics/Hydroacoustics
Fluid Dynamics in the Naval Context
CFD Validation
Twenty-First Symposium on
NAVAL HYDRODYNAMICS
Wave-Induced Ship Motions and Loads
Frontier Experimental Techniques
Wake Dynamics
Viscous Ship Hydrodynamics
Water Entry
Wave Hydrodynamics/Stratified Flow
Bluff Body Hydrodynamics
Hydrodynamics in Ship Design
Shallow Water Hydrodynamics
Cavitation and Bubbly Flows
Propulsor Hydrodynamics/Hydroacoustics
Fluid Dynamics in the Naval Context
CFD Validation
Sponsored JoinÜy by
Office of Naval Research
Norwegian University ofScience and Technology, Trondheim, Norway
Naval Studies Board
Commission on Physical Sciences, Mathematics,
and Applications
National Research Council
NATIONAL ACADEMY PRESS
Washington, D.C. 1997
The National Research Council serves as an independent advisor to the federal govemment on scientific and technical questions of national importance. Established in 1916 under the congressional charter of the private, nonprofit National Academy of Sciences, the Research Council brings the resources of the entire scientific and technical community to bear on national problems through its volunteer advisory committees. Today tlie Research Council stands as the principal operating agency of both the National Academy of Sciences and the National Academy of Engineering and is administered jointly by the two academies and the Institute of Medicine. The National Academy of Engineering and the Institute of Medicine were established in 1964 and 1970, respectively, under the charter ofthe National Academy of Sciences.
The National Research Council has numerous operating units. One of these is the Naval Studies Board, which is charged with conducting and reporting on surv-eys and smdies in the field of scientific research and development applicable to the operation and function of tlic Navy.
A portion of tlie work done to prepare this document was performed under Department of Navy Contract N00014-95-1-1189 issued by the Office of Naval Research under contract authority NR 201-124. However, the content does not necessarily refiect the position or the policy ofthe Department ofthe Navy or the govemment, and no official endorsement should be inferred.
The United States Government has at least a royalty-fiee, nonexclusive, and irrevocable license throughout the worid for govemment purposes to publish, translate, reproduce, deliver, perform, and dispose of all or any of this work, and to authorize others so to do.
Copyright 1997 by the Narional Academy of Sciences. All rights reserved. Printed in the United States of America
NAVAL S T U D I E S BOARD
Dav id R. Heebner, Science Applications Intemational Corporation (retired), Chair George M . Whitesides, Harvard University, Vice Cliair
Albert J. Baciocco, Jr., The Bactocco Group, Inc,
Alan Berman, Applied Research Laboratory, Pennsylvania State University Norman E. Betaque, Logistics Management Institute
Norval L . Broome, Mitre Corporation Gerald A . Cann, Raytheon Company
Seymour J. Deitchman, Chevy Chase, Maryland, Special Advisor Anthony J. DcMaria, DeMaria ElectroOptics Systems. Inc. John F. Egan, Lockheed Martin Corporation
Robert Hummel, Hununel Enterprises, Inc. David W. McCall, Far Hills, New Jersey Robert J. Murray, Center for Naval Analyses Robert B. Oakley, National Defense University William J. Phillips, Northstar Associates, Inc.
Mara G. Prentiss, Jefferson Laboratory, Harvard University Herbert Rabin, University of Maryland
Julie JCH Ryan, Booz, Allen and Hamilton Harrison Shull, Monterey, Califomia Keith A. Smith, Vienna, Virginia
Robert C. Spindel, Applied Physics Laboratory, University of Washington David L . Stanford, Science Applications International Corporation
H. Gregory Tomatore, Applied Physics Laboratory, Johns Hopkins University J. Pace VanDevender, Prosperity Institute
Vincent Vino, Lincoln Laboratory, Massachusetts Institute of Technology Bmce Wald, Ariington Education Consultants
Na\y Liaison Representatives
Paul G. Blatch, Office ofthe Chief o f Naval Operations (N91 I T I ) Ronald N. Kostoff, Office of Naval Research
Ronald D. Taylor, Director
COMMISSION ON P H Y S I C A L S C I E N C E S , M A T H E M A T I C S , AND APPLICATIONS
Robert J. Hermann, United Technoiogies Corporation, Co-Chair W. Carl Lineberger, University of Colorado, Co-Chair
Peter M . Banks, Environmental Research Institute of Michigan Lawrence D. Brown, University of Pennsylvania
Ronald G. Dougias, Texas A & M University
John E. Estes, University of Califomia at Santa Barbara L. Louis Hegedus, Elf Atochem North America, Inc. John E. Hopcroft, Cornell University
Rhonda J. Hughes, Bryn Mawr College
Shirley A. Jackson, U.S. Nuclear Regulatory Commission Kenneth H. Keller, University o f Minnesota
Kenneth I . Kellermann, National Radio Astronomy Observatory Margaret G. Kivelson, University of Califomia at Los Angeles Daniel Kleppner, Massachusetts Instimte of Technology John Kreick, Sanders, a Lockheed Martin Company Marsha I . Lester, University o f Pennsylvania Tliomas A. Prince, Califomia Institute of Technology Nicholas P. Samios, Brookhaven National Laboratory L.E. Scriven, University of Minnesota
Shmuel Winograd, I B M T.J. Watson Research Center Charies A. Zraket, Mitre Corporation (retired)
Norman Metzger, Executive Director
FOREWORD
The Twenty-First Symposium on Naval Hydrodynamics was held in Trondheim, Norway, from June 24 - 28, 1996. This intemational symposium was organized jointly by tlie Office of Naval Research (Mechanics and Energy Conversion S&T Division), the National Research Council (Nava! Studies Board), and the Norwegian Universiiy of Science and Teclmology. This biermial
symposium promotes the technical exchange of naval research developments of common interest lo all the countries of the world. The fomm encourages both formal and informal discussion of the presented papers, and the occasion provides an opportunity for direcl communication between intemational peers.
More than 170 participants from 23 countries attended the symposium. The attendees represented a mixture of experience and expertise, as some attendees were newly graduated students and otiiers were of established intemational repute. Seventy-two papers were presented in tliirteen topical areas covered by the symposium, including wave-induced ship motions and loads, viscous ship hydrodynamics, wake dynamics, wave hydrodynamics, cavitation and bubbly flows, propulsor hydrodynamics/hydro-acoustics, water entry, bluff body hydrodynamics, shallow water hydrodynamics, fluid dynamics in the naval context, CFD validation, frontier experimental techniques, and hydrodynamics in ship design. These topical areas were chosen for this particular meeting because o f the recent advances made in them. Examples o f the significant advances presented in the papers are the high-resolution numerical solution of bow waves for slender hull fomis showing the origin of bow waves in tlie bow splash, the influence of cavitation nuclei on the cavitation bucket for full-scale predictions, the
coupling of hydrodynamic impact and elastic response during slamming, and the development o f a two-fluid turbulent flow computational method for surface ships. This brief list illustrates the quality and timeliness of tlie symposium for naval hydrodynamics.
The symposium featured invited lectures each morning. The lectures were presented by M . Longuel-Higgins, H . Miyata, P. Bearman, J. Milgram, and M . Sevik and covered topics from breaking waves to bluff body wakes to
hydroacouslics, as well as CFD simulations and hydrodynamics in sailing. These lectures by prominent intemational experts set the pace for the sessions that followed.
The success o f this symposium is the result o f hard work on die part o f many people. There was, of course, the Organizing and Paper Selection
Committee consisting of myself, Dr. Patrick Purtell, and Mr. James Fein (Office o f Naval Research), Dr. Ronald Taylor (National Research Council), Prof Odd Faltinsen (Norwegian University ofScience and Teclmology), Dr. William Morgan (David Taylor Model Basin), and Mr. John Dalzell (Joumal o f Ship Research). The conlribution of this committee was certainly the comerstone for the success of the symposium. However, the administrative preparation and execution, and the production of this archival volume, would not have been possible without the support o f Mrs. Susan Campbell, Mrs. Dixie Gordon, and the staff of tlie Naval Studies Board of die National Research Council. Special appreciation is also extended to Ms. Emma Kenney, from my office, for handling the abstract collection and following through with die preparation of die discussion sections.
Edwin P. Rood
Office of Naval Research
CONTENTS
O P E N I N G R E M A R K S
Dr. Fred E. Saalfeld
Deputy Chief of Naval Researcli/Tecluiical Director
T E C H N I C A L SESSIONS
Invited Lecture
Progress Toward Understanding How Waves Break.
M . Longuet-Higgins (University of Califomia at San Diego, USA)
Wave-Induced Ship Motions and Loads
Radiation and Diffraction Waves of a Sliip at Forward Speed
M . Ohkusu, G. Wen (Kyushu University, Japan)
Nonlinear Ship Motions and Wave-Induced Loads by a Rankine Method
D. Kring, Y.-F. Huang, P. Sclavounos (Massachusetts Insdtute of Technology, USA), T. Vada, A. Braathen (Det Norske Veritas, Norway)
Nonlinear Water Wave Computations Using a Multipole Accelerated, Desingularized Method S. Scorpio, R. Beck (University of Michigan, USA),
F. Korsmeyer (Massachusetts Institute of Technology, USA)
Computations of Wave Loads Using a B-SpUne Panel Method
C.-H. Lee, H. Maniar, J. Newman, X. Zhu (Massachusetts Instimte o f Technology, USA)
Wave-Induced Motions and Loads
Simulation of Strongly Nonlinear Wave Generation and Wave-Body Interactions Using a 3-D MEL Model
P. Ferrant (SIREHNA, France)
Analysis of Interactions Benveen Nonlinear Waves and Bodies hy Domain Decomposition
G. -X. Wu, Q.-W. Ma (University College London, United Kingdom), R. Taylor (University of Oxford, United Kingdom)
Fourier-Kochin Tlieory of Free-Surface Flows
F. Noblesse (David Taylor Model Basin, USA),
X.-B. Chen (Bureau Veritas, France), C. Yang (George Mason University, USA)
Frontier Experimental Techniques
24-Inch Water Timnel Flow Field Measurements During Propeller Crashback
C.-W. Jiang,' R. Dong,' H.-L. Liu,' M.-S. Chang'
('David Taylor Model Basin, "Johns Hopkins University, USA)
Accuracy of Wave Pattern Analysis Methods in Towing Tanks
F.-X. Dumez, S. Cordier (Bassin d'Essais des Carènes, France)
Unsteady Three-Dimensional Cross-Flow Separation Measurements on a Prolate Spheroid Undergoing Time-Dependent Maneuvers
T. Wetzel, R. Simpson (Virginia Polytechnic Instimte and State University, USA)
Wave-Induced Ship Motions and Loads
Time-Domain Calculations of First- and Second-Order Forces on a Vessel Sailing in Waves
L. Sierevogel, A . Hermans (Delft University of Technology, Tlie Nedierlands), R. Huijsmans (Maritime Research Institute, The Netherlands)
Third-Order Volterra Modeling of Ship Responses Based on Regidar Wave Results
L. Adegeest (Delft University of Technology, The Netherlands)
Nonlinearly Interacting Responses of the Two Rotational Modes of Motion—Roll and Pitch Motions
I.-G. Oh (Samsung Heavy Industries, Korea),
A. Nayfeh (Virginia Polytechnic Institute and Stale University, USA)
Nonlinear Shallow-Water Flow on Deck: Coupled with Slap Motion
Z.-J. Huang, C.-C. Hsiung (Teclmical University of Nova Scotia. Canada) Wake Dynamics
Radar Backscatter ofa V-like Sliip Wake from a Sea Suiface Covered by Surfactants
G. Zilman, T. Miloh (Tel-Aviv University, Israel)
Turbulent Free-Surface Flows: A Comparison Between Numerical Simulations
and Experimental Measurements ^ ^ ^
D. Dommermudi,' M . Gharib," H. Huang,* G. Innis, P. Maheo,* E. Novikov, J. Talcott,' D. Wyatt' ('Science Applications International Corporation,
'California Instimte of Technology, ^University of Califomia at San Diego, USA)
Conductivity Measurements in the Wake of Submerged Bodies in Density-Stratified Media
T. Sarpkaya, T. Massidda (Naval Postgraduate School, USA)
Macro Wake Measurements for a Range of Ships
M . Hoekstra, A. Aalbers (Maritime Research Instimte, The Nedieriands)
Invited Lecture
Time-Marching CFD Simuiation for Moving Boundary Problems
H. Miyata (University of Tokyo, Japan)
Viscous Ship Hydrodynamics
Yaw Effects on Model-Scale Siap Flows
J . Longo, F. Stem (University of Iowa, USA)
A Multigrid Velocity-Pressure-Free Surface Elevation Fully Coupled Solver for Calculation of Turbulent Incompressible Flow Around a Hull
B. Alessandrini, G. Delhommeau (Ecole Centrale de Nantes, France)
The Slioulder Wave and Separation Generated by a Surface-Piercing Strut
E. Pogozelski, J. Katz (Johns Hopkins University, USA), T. Huang (David Taylor Model Basin, USA)
Vorticity Fields due to Rolling Bodies in a Free Surface—Experiment and Theory
R. Yeung, C. Cemielli, S.-W. Liao (University of Cahfornia at Berkeley, USA)
Numerical Calculations of Ship Stern Flows al Full-Scale Reynolds Numbers
L . E9a (Instimto Superior Técnico, Portugal)
M . Hoekstra (Maritime Research Injrimte, The Netherlands)
Near- and Far-Field CFD for a Naval Combatant Including Tiiermal-Stratification and Two-Fluid Modeling j „ . , , J
E. Paterson,' M . Hyman.' F. Stem,' P. Carrica,' F. Bonetto,' D. Drew, R. Lahey, Jr. ('University of Iowa, 'Naval Surface Warfare Center (Panama City],
'Rensselaer Polyteclmic Instimte, USA)
Water Entry
Water Entry of Arbitrary Two-Dimensional Sections with and Without Flow Separation
R. Zhao,' O. Faltinsen,' J. Aarsnes'
('MARINTEK, 'Norwegian University ofScience and Technology, Norvvay)
Coupled Hydrodynamic Impact and Elastic Response
D.-J. Kim,' W. Voms," A. Troesch,' R. Gollwitzer^
('University o f Pusan, Korea; 'University of Michigan, USA; 'Naval Surface Warfare Center [Panama City], USA)
A Practical Prediction of Wave-Induced Structural Responses in Ships with Large Amplitude Motion
M.-K. Wu, J. Aarsnes, O. Hermundstad (MARINTEK, Norway), T. Moan (Norwegian University ofScience and Technology, Norway) Viscous Ship Hydrodynamics
Evaluation of Eddy Viscosity and Second-Moment Turbulence Closures for Steady Flows Around Ships
G. Deng, M . Visonneau (Ecole Centrale de Nantes, France)
On the Modeling of the Flow Past a Free-Surfacc-Piercing Flat Plate A. Di Mascio, M . Landrini, E. Campana
(Istituto Nazionale per Smdi ed Esperienze di Architettura Navale, Italy)
Self-Propelled Maneuvering Underwater Vehicles
H. McDonald (Pennsylvania State University, USA), D. Whitfield (Mississippi State University, USA)
Spray Formation at tlie Free Surface of Turbulent Bow Sheets
Z. Dai, L.-P. Hsiang, G. FaeÜi (University of Michigan, USA) Wave Hydrodynamics/Stratified Flow
Numerical Simulation of Three-Dimensional Breaking Waves About Ships A. Kanai, T. Kawamura, H . Miyata (University of Tokyo, Japan)
Generation Mechanisms and Sources of Vorticity Within a Spilling Breaking Wave D. Dabiri, M . Gharib (Califomia Instimte of Technology, USA)
Tlie Flow Field in Steady Breaking Waves
D. Coakley (David Taylor Model Basin, USA), J. Duncan (University o f Maryland, USA) Freak Waves—A Three-Dimensional Wave Simulation
K. Trulsen, K. Dysdie (University of Bergen, Nonvay)
Invited Lecture
Bluff Body Hydrodynamics
P. Bearman (Imperial College of Science, Technology and Medicine, United Kingdom)
Bluff Body Hydrodynamics
Large-Eddy Simulation ofthe Vortical Motion Resulting from Flow over Bluff Bodies
S. Jordan (Naval Undersea Warfare Center, USA)
The Wake of a Bluff Body Moving Tiirough Waves
R. Arkell, J. Graham (Imperial College ofScience, Technology and Medicine, United Kingdom)
Low-Dimensional Modeling of Flow-Induced Vibrations via Proper Ortliogonal Decomposition
D. Newman, G. Kamiadakis (Brown University, USA)
Measurements of Hydrodynamic Damping of Bluff Bodies with Application to the
Prediction of Viscous Damping of TLP Hulls 622
P. Bearman, M . Russell
(Imperial College ofScience, Technology and Medicine, United Kingdom)
Invited Lecture
Hydrodynamics in Advanced Sailing Design ^35
L Milgram (Massachusetts Institute of Technology, USA)
Hydrodynamics in Ship Design
Divergent Bow Waves
M . Tulin, M . Wu (University o f Califomia at Santa Barbara, USA)
A Method for the Optimization of Ship Hulls from a Resistance Point of View 680
C. Janson, L. Larsson (Chalmers University of Technology, Sweden)
Hydrodynamic Optimization of Fast-Displacement Catamarans 697
A. Papanikolaou, P. Kaklis, C. Koskinas, D. Spanos (National Teclmical University- o f Athens, Greece)
715
Shallow Water Hydrodynamics
On Ships at Supercritical Speeds
X . - N . Chen (University of Smttgart, Germany), S. Shamia (Mercator University, Germany)
The Influence ofa Bottom Mud Layer on the Steady-State Hydrodynamics of Marine Vehicles 727
L. Doctors (Australian Maritime Engineering Cooperative Research Center, Australia), G. Zilman, T. Miloh (Tel-Aviv University, Israel)
A Hybrid Approach to Capture Free-Surface and Viscous Effects for a Ship in a Channel 743
V. Bertram (Instimt für Schiffbau, Germany), S. Ishikawa (Mitsubishi Heavy Industries, Japan)
Cavitation and Bubbly Flows
Shock Waves in Cloud Cavitation ^^6
C. Brennen, G. Reisman, Y.-C. Wang (Cahfornia Instimte of Technology, USA)
Asymptotic Solution ofthe Flow Problem and Estimate of Delay of Cavitation Inception for a Hydrofoil wth a Jet Flap
K. Rozhdestvensky, 1. Belousov (St. Petersburg State Marme Techmcal University, Russia)
Examination ofthe Flow Near the Leading Edge and Closure of Stable A ttached Cavitation 783
A . Leger, P.-W. Yu, K. Laberteaux, S. Ccccio (University of Michigan, USA)
Wave Hydrodynamics/Stratified Flow
Numerical Investigation on the Turbulent and Vortical Flows Beneath the Free Surface Around Struts
U.-C. Jeong, Y. Doi, K.-H. Mori (Hiroshima University, Japan)
Steep and Breaking Faraday Waves
L. Jiang, M . Periin, W. Schultz (University of Michigan, USA)
The Forces Exerted by Intemai yVaves on a Restrained Body Submerged in a Stratified Fluid 827
N . Gavrilov, E. Ermanyuk, I . Smrova (Lavrentyev Instimte of Hydrodynamics, Russia)
794
812
Cavitation and Bubbly Flows
Influence of the Cavitation Nuclei on the Cavitation Bucliet when Predicting the Full-Scale Behavior of a Marine Propeller
B. Gindroz (Bassin d'Essais des Carènes, France), G. Bailo (MARISPENAV, Italy), F. Matera, M . Elefante (MARISTAT SPMM, Italy)
Inception, Development, atid Noise of a Tip Vortex Cavitation
L. Brianfon-Marjollet, L. Merle (Bassin d'Essais des Carènes, France)
Velocity and Turbidence in the Near-Field Region of Tip Vortices from Elliptical Wings: Its Impact on Cavitation
A. Pauchet (Ecole Nationale Supérieure de Techniques Avancees, France) Calculations of Pressure Fluctuations on tlie Ship Hull Induced by Intermittently Cavitating Propellers
Y.-Z. Kehr, C.-Y. Hsin, Y.-C. Sun (National Taiwan Ocean University, Taiwan)
Invited Lecture
Hydroacoustic Considerations in Marine Propulsor Design
M . Sevik (David Taylor Model Basin, USA)
Propulsor Hydrodynamics/Hydroacoustics
Prediction of Unsteady Performance of Marine Propellers with Cavitation Using Surface-Panel Method
Y.-G. K i m (Samsung Heavy Industries Co., Ltd., Korea), C.-S. Lee (Chungnam National University, Korea)
A Comparative Study of Conventional and Tip-Fin Propeller Performance
P. Anderson (Technical University o f Denmark, Denmark)
A Ne^v Way of Simulating Whale Tail Propulsion
J. van Manen (Whale Tail Development, The Nedierlands), T. van Terwisga (Maritime Research Institute, The Netheriands)
Effects of Tip-Clearance Flows
Y.-T. Lee,' J. Feng,' C. Merkle,' M . Tse'
('David Taylor Model Basin. 'Pennsylvania State University, USA)
Experiments in the Swirling Wake of a Self-Propelled Axisymmetric Body
A . Sirviente, V. Patel (University of Iowa, USA)
Hydrodynamic Forces on a Surface-Piercing Plate in Steady Maneuvering Motion Z.-J. Zou (Wuhan Transportation University, China)
Fluid Dynamics in the Naval Context
Advances in Panel Methods
H. Soding (Instimt fiir Schiffbau, Germany)
Effect of Ship Motion on DD-963 Ship A invoke Simulated bv Multizone Navier-Stokes Solulion T. Tai (David Taylor Model Basin, USA)
Large-Eddy Simulation of Decaying Free-Surface Turbulence with Dynamic Mixed Subgrid-Scale Models
M . Salvetti (Universita di Pisa, Italy), Y. Zang, R, Street (Stanford University, USA), S. Banerjee (Universiiy o f Califomia at Santa Barbara, USA)
C F D Validation
Fully Nonlinear Hydrodynamic Calculations for Ship Design on Parallel Computing Platforms
G. Cowles, L . Martinelli (Princeton University, USA)
yalidation of Incompressible Flow Computation of Forces and Moments on Axisymmetric Bodies Undergoing Constant Radius Turning
C.-H. Sung, T.-C. Fu, M . Griffin, T. Huang (David Taylor Model Basm, USA)
The Validation of CFD Predictions of Nominal Wake for the SUBOFF Fully Appended Geometry
P. Bull (Defence Research Agency, United Kingdom)
A P P E N D I X — L I S T O F PARTICIPANTS
