Zarys organizacji służb budowlanych w Księstwie Warszawskim

Zabytkoznawstwo i Konserwatorstwo XLIII, Toruń 2012

Andrzej Majdowski

Wydzial Sztuk Pięknych, Instytut Zabytkoznawstwa i Konserwatorstwa Pracownia Historii Architektury

Zarys organizacji służb budowlanych

w Księstwie Warszawskim

:

HIHNFLHZRMHQQDSROHRľVNLFKPDSDSROLW\F]QDF]ęœFL]LHPSROVNLFK NLONDNURWQLHXOHJDâD]PLDQRPůHE\QDVWęSQLHXWUZDOLýVLęDůGRRG ]\VNDQLD QLHSRGOHJâRœFL 3R ]Z\FLęVWZLH QDG 3UXVDPL QD PRF\ WUDNWDWyZ W\Oů\FNLFKZURNX]RVWDâRXVWDQRZLRQH.VLęVWZR:DUV]DZVNLHSRâĊ F]RQHXQLĊSHUVRQDOQĊ]6DNVRQLĊ7HU\WRULXP]QDF]QLHZ]URVâRZZ\QLNX NDPSDQLL JDOLF\MVNLHM NV -y]HID 3RQLDWRZVNLHJR LRGHUZDQLX REV]DUyZ ,,, ]DERUX DXVWULDFNLHJR FR Z URNX ]QDOD]âR XVDQNFMRQRZDQLH SRGF]DV URNRZDľ SRNRMRZ\FK Z6FK|QEUXQQ 3R XSDGNX 1DSROHRQD LNRQJUHVLH ZLHGHľVNLP ZLęNV]Rœý .VLęVWZD :DUV]DZVNLHJR ]âRů\âD VLę QD QRZ\ WZyU SROLW\F]Q\ ²DXWRQRPLF]QH .UyOHVWZR 3ROVNLH RG  URNX SR]RVWDMĊFH ZXQLLSHUVRQDOQHM]5RVMĊ_

1DZV]\VWNLFKV]F]HEODFKZâDG]\Z\NRQDZF]HM.VLęVWZD:DUV]DZVNLH JR V\VWHP ]DU]ĊG]DQLD SRZLHODâ Z]RUFH IUDQFXVNLH 3U]HG XSâ\ZHP  URNX Z\W\F]RQR W\PF]DVRZH JUDQLFH V]HœýG]LHVLęFLX SRZLDWyZ ZUDPDFK ]DSLVDQ\FK ZNRQVW\WXFML V]HœFLX GHSDUWDPHQWyZ V]HœFLX GHSDUWDPHQWyZ_

²E\GJRVNL NDOLVNL âRPů\ľVNL SâRFNL SR]QDľVNL ZDUV]DZVNL ²RâĊF]QHM SRZLHU]FKQL RNRâR  W\V NP_{ =GRE\F]H ZZRMQLH SROVNRDXVWULDFNLHM}

]URNXSR]ZROLâ\XWZRU]\ýF]WHU\GHSDUWDPHQW\JDOLF\MVNLH²NUDNRZ

 _{ 05RVWZRURZVNL3UDZQDJHQH]D.VLęVWZD:DUV]DZVNLHJRL.UyOHVWZD3ROVNLHJR.UDNyZ}

 _{ 'HNUHW]JUXGQLD']LHQQLN3UDZ.VLęVWZD:DUV]DZVNLHJRGDOHM']3.:}

VNLOXEHOVNLUDGRPVNLVLHGOHFNL²OLF]ĊFHUD]HPRNRâRW\VNP_:\NUR

MRQR]WHJRF]WHUG]LHœFLQRZ\FKSRZLDWyZSU]\RND]MLGRNRQXMĊFGUREQ\FK SU]HVXQLęýSRPLęG]\GHSDUWDPHQWDPL_

'HSDUWDPHQWRZD VâXůED F\ZLOQD E\âD VNXSLRQD ZSUHIHNWXUDFK DQD VWęSQLH ZUDGDFK SRZLDWRZ\FK_{ JG]LH QLH Z\VWęSRZDâ DSDUDW XU]ęGQLF]\}

RFKDUDNWHU]H LQů\QLHU\MQ\P 2JyOQH ]ZLHU]FKQLFWZR QDOHůDâR GR SUHIHN WD SRGOHJDMĊFHJR PLQLVWURZL VSUDZ ZHZQęWU]Q\FK NWyU\ VSUDZRZDâ WHů SLHF]ę ÅQDG EXGRZQLFWZHP NUDMRZ\P LZV]\VWNLP FR VLę W\F]\ XSLęNV]H QLD GHSDUWDPHQWX LZ\JRG\ MHJR PLHV]NDľFyZ 1DG EXGRZODPL U]ĊGRZ\ PLSXEOLF]Q\PLDPLHG]\LQQ\PLQDGNRœFLRâDPLQDGGRPDPLSRF]WRZ\ PL LJRœFLQQ\PL QDG GURJDPL SXEOLF]Q\PL PRVWDPL U]HNDPL NDQDâDPL ]JRâDQDGZV]HONLHJRJDWXQNXNRPXQLNDFMDPLµ_

8MHGQROLFRQD IRUPD VWUXNWXU GHSDUWDPHQWRZ\FK ]RVWDâD ]DGHNUHWR ZDQD Z URNX RNUHœODMĊF PLQ RUJDQL]DFMę LNRPSHWHQFMH :\G]LDâX %XGRZQLF]HJR_{ .LHURZQLFWZR VSUDZRZDâ EXGRZQLF]\ GHSDUWDPHQWRZ\}

²D]DUD]HP V]HI RGG]LDâX EXGRZQLF]HJR ²QDG]RUXMĊF\ UyZQLHů RGG]LDâ K\GUDXOLF]Q\ LPLHUQLF]\ ]DU]ĊG]DQH SU]H] LQVSHNWRUD GUyJ LPRVWyZ K\ GUDXOLN RUD] JHRPHWUę GHSDUWDPHQWRZHJR :GZyFK SUHIHNWXUDFK VNâDG RVRERZ\E\âQLHFRUR]V]HU]RQ\JG\ůZGHSZDUV]DZVNLPSRMDZLâVLę]D VWęSFDEXGRZQLF]HJRRUD]W]ZEXGRZQLF]\GRPyZU]ĊGRZ\FKF]\OLVNDU ERZ\FKDZGHSE\GJRVNLPIXQNFMRQRZDâEXGRZQLF]\NDQDâXQRWHFNLHJR FRMDNLœF]DVWHPX]RVWDâRMXůRGQRWRZDQH_ 'ODRGG]LDâXEXGRZQLF]HJR]DNUHVSRGVWDZRZ\FKRERZLĊ]NyZZ\]QD F]RQ\FKGHNUHWHP]ZU]HœQLDURNXREHMPRZDâSU]\JRWRZDQLHOXE DGDSWDFMęGRNXPHQWDFMLSURMHNWRZHMNRV]WRU\VRZDQLHRUD]GR]yUWHFKQLF]Q\

 _{ = GHS NDOLVNLHJR GR GHS NUDNRZVNLHJR ]RVWDâ\ SU]HQLHVLRQH SRZLDW\ OHORZVNL LSL}

OLFNL DœZLHůR ]GRE\WH SRZLDW\ VLHQQLFNL LVWDQLVâDZRZVNL ] VLHG]LEĊ Z2NXQLHZLH FR XUHJXORZDQR GHNUHWHP ] JUXGQLD  SU]\âĊF]RQR GR GHS ZDUV]DZVNLHJR 'HNUHW ]NZLHWQLDDUW']3.::DUV]DZDWQUV  _{ 8VWDZD.RQVW\WXF\MQD]F]HUZFDDUW²']LHQQLN3UDZ.VLęVWZD:DU} V]DZVNLHJRGDOHM']3.::DUV]DZDWQUV;;;,9  _{ 'HNUHW]OXWHJR']3.:WQUV}  _{ 'HNUHW]ZU]HœQLD]DZLHUDMĊF\,QVWUXNFMęPLQLVWUDVSUDZZHZQęWU]Q\FKREMD} œQLDMĊFĊRUJDQL]DFMęSUHIHNWXUZ8VWDZRGDZVWZR.VLęVWZD:DUV]DZVNLHJR$NW\QRUPDW\ZQHZâD G]\QDMZ\ůV]HM:DUV]DZDW,9V  _{ 0.DOODV2UJDQ\DGPLQLVWUDFMLWHU\WRULDOQHMZ.VLęVWZLH:DUV]DZVNLP7RUXľV}

LRGELyUUREyWEXGRZODQ\FK:RGG]LDOHK\GUDXOLF]Q\PVNXSLâ\VLęNRPSH WHQFMHGRW\F]ĊFHNRPXQLNDFMLOĊGRZ\FKRUD]VWRVXQNyZZRGQ\FKDZRG G]LDOH PLHUQLF]\P SRZVWDZDâ\ PDS\ LUyůQHJR URG]DMX RSHUDW\ JUXQWRZH 3RRVWDWQLHGQL.VLęVWZD:DUV]DZVNLHJRV]F]HJyOQ\QDFLVNE\âSRâRůRQ\QD LQZHVW\FMHZGREUDFKQDURGRZ\FK_{3RQDGWREXGRZQLF]\GHSDUWDPHQWRZ\} QDOHůDâGRNRPLVMLHJ]DPLQDF\MQHMNWyUDZHU\ÀNRZDâDNZDOLÀNDFMH]DZRGR ZHSUHWHQGHQWyZGR]DWUXGQLHQLDZDGPLQLVWUDFMLSDľVWZRZHM 5R]SRF]ęWDMHV]F]HZURNXVSRQWDQLF]QDZ\PLDQDSUXVNLHMELXUR NUDFML]QDOD]âDXVDQNFMRQRZDQLHNRQVW\WXF\MQHUH]HUZXMĊFHXU]ęG\GXFKRZ QH F\ZLOQH RUD] VĊGRZH Z\âĊF]QLH GOD RE\ZDWHOL .VLęVWZD_{ 8VWęSXMĊF\}

NRUSXVXU]ęGQLF]\RWU]\PDâJZDUDQFMHEH]SLHF]HľVWZDSRGZDUXQNLHPOR MDOQRœFLZREHFQRZHMZâDG]\_{:SUDNW\FH]PLDQ\SHUVRQDOQHPLDâ\RJUD}

QLF]RQ\ ]DNUHV JG\ů Z\VWęSRZDâ\ SUREOHP\ ]UHNUXWDFMĊ RGSRZLHGQLR Z\NZDOLÀNRZDQ\FKQDVWęSFyZ_{]ZâDV]F]DQDVWDQRZLVNDFKZ\PDJDMĊF\FK}

VSHFMDOLVW\F]Q\FKXPLHMęWQRœFL

.U\WHULD QDERUX VIRUPDOL]RZDQR Z URNX RF]HNXMĊF RG NDQG\GD WyZůHXGRZRGQLĊÅZ\REUDůHQLDRVWRVRZQ\FKGRXU]ęGXRERZLĊ]NDFKRUD] QDOHů\WĊSUDNW\F]QĊZSUDZęµ_{3URFHGXU\VSUDZG]DMĊFHE\â\GZXVWRSQLRZH} LUR]FLĊJQLęWHQDZV]\VWNLHXU]ęG\F\ZLOQHOHF]MHůHOLFKRG]LREH]ZDUXQNR ZHSU]HVWU]HJDQLH²]SU]HV]âRGZXOHWQLĊSURORQJDWĊRGRJâRV]HQLDGHNUHWX GRNRľFDVLHUSQLD3RQDGWRQLHGRW\F]\â\QRPLQDFMLVSU]HGRJâRV]H QLDGHNUHWXDGODF]\QQ\FKXU]ęGQLNyZ²WDNůHPLDQRZDľMHV]F]HZRNUH VLHSU]HGUR]ELRURZ\PF]HJRQLHVSRVyERGQRVLýGRVâXůEEXGRZODQ\FK

3LHUZV]\ HJ]DPLQ RGE\ZDâ VLę SU]HG NRPLVMĊ GHSDUWDPHQWRZĊ LPLDâ FKDUDNWHU SRZV]HFKQ\ DSRP\œOQ\ Z\QLN SR]ZDODâ XELHJDý VLę RQLůV]H VWDQRZLVND NUDMRZH 6SRœUyG Z\PDJDQ\FK GRNXPHQWyZ RSUyF] PHWU\ NL FKU]WX FHUW\ÀNDWyZ ]RGE\W\FK QDXN RUD] XF]FLZHJR ů\FLD RERZLĊ]

 _{ 'HNUHW]JUXGQLDZVSUDZLHSUDFEXGRZODQ\FKNRQVHUZDFMLGUyJPRVWyZ}

LWDPZGREUDFKNRURQQ\FKRUD]]ZLĊ]DQ\FK]W\PNRV]WyZ8VWDZRGDZVWZRV

 _{ 8VWDZD .RQVW\WXF\MQD DUW  V;/,, 3RU WHů3&LFKRľ5R]ZyM P\œOL DGPLQLVWUDF\M}

QHMZ.VLęVWZLH:DUV]DZVNLP².UDNyZ

 _{ -*RFORQ2UJDQL]DFMDZâDG]DGPLQLVWUDFMLWHU\WRULDOQHMLVĊGRZQLFWZDZÅ3ROVFHQDNUyOXSUX}

VNLP]GRE\WHMµ2SROHV

 _{ *=\FK5RN:DUV]DZDV}

NLHP DSOLNDQWD E\âR SU]HGVWDZLý Å]DœZLDGF]HQLH ůH SU]\ 0DJLVWUDFLH OXE XU]ęGQLNXV]F]HJyOQ\PSUDFRZDâJG]LHVWRVRZQHMPyJâQDE\ýZSUDZ\µ_

2GQRœQLHVâXůEWHFKQLF]Q\FKMDNRMHG\Q\FKNWyU\PGRREMęFLDSRVDG\Z\ VWDUF]DâR ]DOLF]HQLH HJ]DPLQX GHSDUWDPHQWRZHJR ZXVWDZLH Z\PLHQLD VLę EXGRZQLF]\FK PLHMVNLFK_{ =DUD]HP EUDNXMH GRZRGyZ ůH WDNL HWDW LVWQLDâ}

OLWHUDOQLHSR]DVWROLFĊJG]LHZ\PDJDQRZ\ůV]\FKNZDOLÀNDFML

1LH PRůQD Z\NOXF]\ý ůH ZQLHNWyU\FK PLHMVFRZRœFLDFK XWU]\P\ZD âD VLę WUDG\FMD Z\ELHUDQLD EXGRZQLF]\FK VSRPLęG]\ µUDMFyZ DQDOHů\ GR QLFKSREyUSRGDWNyZLF]XZDQLHQDGEXGRZODPLµ_{7UXGQRUR]VWU]\JQĊý} F]\ZUHDOLDFK.VLęVWZD:DUV]DZVNLHJRFKRG]LâRW\ONRRPLDVWDPXQLF\SDO QH²HZHQWXDOQLH]SRPLQLęFLHP:DUV]DZ\²RG.DOLV]3R]QDľ7R UXľDRGGRGDWNRZR.UDNyZ/XEOLQL6DQGRPLHU]:NDůG\PUD]LH QDWDPWHMV]\FKPDJLVWUDWDFKVSRF]\ZDâXVWDZRZ\RERZLĊ]HNSRGHMPRZDQLD NROHJLDOQ\FKXFKZDâZ]JOęGHPÀQDQVRZDQLDLQZHVW\FMLÅQD]DSURZDG]HQLH LXWU]\PDQLHGUyJXOLFEUXNyZRJURG]HľURZyZVWXGQLJUREOLEU]HJyZ QDGU]HF]Q\FK>@GRPyZGR0XQLF\SDOQRœFLQDOHůĊF\FK_{µ)RUPDOQLHQDG}

]yU LNLHURZDQLH URERWDPL SXEOLF]Q\PL ]QDMGRZDâR VLę ZJHVWLL SUH]\GHQ WDEXUPLVWU]DFRQLHZ\NOXF]DSRZLHU]HQLDIXQNFMLZ\NRQDZF]\FKUDGQ\P ]SU]\JRWRZDQLHPEXGRZODQ\P

$VSLUXMĊF\GREDUG]LHMSUHVWLůRZ\FKVWDQRZLVNE\OL]RERZLĊ]DQLGRGDW NRZR VWDZDý SU]HG 1DMZ\ůV]Ċ .RPLVMĊ (J]DPLQDF\MQĊ NWyUHM SU]HZRG]Lâ 3UH]HV5DG\6WDQXZDV\œFLHPLQLVWUyZUHVRUWRZ\FK:UD]LHSRWU]HE\GR JURQD PHU\WRU\F]Q\FK F]âRQNyZ NRPLVML E\â ]DSUDV]DQ\ EXGRZQLF]\ JH QHUDOQ\ PLQ RFHQLDMĊF\ NZDOLÀNDFMH NDQG\GDWyZ QD EXGRZQLF]\FK RUD] JHRPHWUyZ PLHUQLF]\FK NWyU\FK VWDWXV E\â SRWZLHUG]RQ\ NUyOHZVNLP SRGSLVHP_{ :ODWDFK ² )U\GHU\N $XJXVW V\JQRZDâ  SDWHQW\}  _{ ,ELGHPDUWV}

 _{ ,ELGHPDUWV}

 _{ = *ORJHU(QF\NORSHGLD VWDURSROVND :DUV]DZD  V ²]RGZRâDQLHP GR}

0.URPHU3ROVND F]\OL RSRâRůHQLX RE\F]DMDFK XU]ęGDFK 5]HF]\SRVSROLWHM .UyOHVWZD 3ROVNLHJR

SLHUZV]HZ\GDQLH

 _{ 'HNUHW]OXWHJRDUW']3.:WQUV}

 _{ 'HNUHW]NZLHWQLDDUWLV²3RU$:LQLDU]2UJDQL]DFMDLG]LDâDO}

QRœý .RPLVML (J]DPLQDF\MQ\FK Z.VLęVWZLH :DUV]DZVNLP L.UyOHVWZLH 3ROVNLP ² Å3U]H

]F]HJR  SU]\SDGâR JHRPHWURP  EXGRZQLF]\P D X]\VNDOL EXGRZ QLF]RZLHEęGĊF\]DUD]HPPLHUQLF]\PL_

=ZDů\ZV]\ QD SURORQJDW\ RUD] UR]ZyM Z\GDU]Hľ SROLW\F]Q\FK SU]\ WRF]RQH OLF]E\ Z\GDMĊ VLę RGGDZDý U]HF]\ZLVWH HIHNW\ ZGURůHQLD XVWDZ\ HJ]DPLQDF\MQHM -HGQRF]HœQLH SU]\MPXMH VLę ůH ZODWDFK ² QDVWĊ SLâR ZPLDUę SHâQH Z\NRU]\VWDQLH HWDWyZ SU]\ REVDG]LH SHUVRQDOQHM SUH IHNWXU_{ 5yZQLHů Z:\G]LDâDFK %XGRZQLF]\FK WUXGQR PyZLý REUDNDFK}

NDGURZ\FK JG\ů VWRVXQNRZR QLHOLF]QD SXOD ZDNDWyZ MHVW V]WXF]QLH ]DZ\ ůRQD ]H Z]JOęGX QD QLHNRPSOHWQĊ ED]ę ŭUyGâRZĊ FR GRW\F]\ RGG]LDâyZ K\GUDXOLF]Q\FKD]ZâDV]F]DPLHUQLF]\FK

1D LPLHQQHM OLœFLH JHRPHWUyZ SU]HZDůDMĊ SROVNLH QD]ZLVND_{ NWyU\FK}

QLHâDWZRSRWHP]ORNDOL]RZDýZVâXůELHF\ZLOQHM2F]\ZLVW\EUDN]DLQWHUHVR

 _{ $*$' 5DGD 6WDQX L5DGD 0LQLVWUyZ .VLęVWZD :DUV]DZVNLHJR GDOHM 56L50.:}

V\JQN²

 _{ 0.DOODV2UJDQ\V}

 _{ $*$' 56L50.: V\JQ ²DOIDEHW\F]QD OLVWD JHRPHWUyZ :LOKHOP $UFKHOLQ"}

>@ N -y]HI  %DUDľVNL >@ N $OEUHFKW %LQGHU >@ N -DQ )U\GHU\N %URZQ" >@ N -XOLXV] &ROEHUJ >@ N 6WD QLVâDZ &]DUQHFNL >@ N -DNXE &]HUZLľVNL >@ N -DQ 'DQLHO VNL >@ N 6WHIDQ *LEDVLHZLF] >@ N 0LFKDâ *UDEVNL >@ N 0DUFLQ )U\GHU\N *UDSRZ >@ N .U\VW\Q +HQU\N +DKQ >@ N +HQU\N .U]\V]WRI  +RIIPDQQ >@ N 6WDQLVâDZ -DEâRľVNL >@ N )UDQFLV]HN -RKQQp\ >@ N .DURO .DJXQQH" >@ N 5X GROI  .DQHOOL >@ N )UDQFLV]HN .DU]DQWRZLF] >@ N $GDP .DVSDURZVNL>@N.DURO/XGZLN.QDSSHOQ">@N-y]HI.R ]âRZVNL>@N-DNXE.U\ľVNL>@N7HRGRU.U]\FNL>@ N-DQ)U\GHU\N:RMFLHFK/DQJH>@N)UDQFLV]HN/LSF]\ľVNL>@ N -RDFKLP áDSLľVNL >@ N /XGZLN 0DUNRZVNL >@ N .D ]LPLHU] 0ęGU]HFNL >@ N 0DFLHM 0LJXUVNL >@ N -y]HI  1HX JHEDXHU >@ N )HOLNV 1LHVRâRZVNL >@ N :LQFHQW\ 2VWURZVNL >@ N -DQ .DURO 3DPER >@ N :RMFLHFK 3ĊJRZVNL >@ N .OHPHQV 3HâND >@ N 0DUFLQ 3HWU\NRZVNL >@ N :LQ FHQW\ 3LHQLĊůHN >@ N 0DWHXV] 3LRWURZVNL >@ N $PEURů\ 3UR NRSRZLF] >@ N /HRSROG 3XU]\FNL >@ N 6]\PRQ 5DGHFNL >@ N :LQFHQW\ 5DGâRZVNL >@ N )U\GHU\N 5HSQR >@ N -y]HI 6DOJHU" >@ N 0LFKDâ 6HZHU\QRZLF] >@ N -y]HI  6LHQNLHZLF]>@N$QGU]HM6PROLNRZVNL>@N2WWR6DORPRQ6WHU QHU">@N:LQFHQW\6W\F]\ľVNL>@N$XJXVW:LOKHOP6]QH\ GHU >@ N -DQ )U\GHU\N 6WU\N >@ N -HU]\ 7HWPDMHU >@ N NV *U]HJRU] :ęů\N >@ N 7RPDV] GH :LHUQLN >@ N

ZDQLDGRGDWNRZĊSRVDGĊPyJâZ\ND]\ZDýNVLĊG]*U]HJRU]:ęů\N_²SUR

ERV]F]Z*RU]NRZLHSRZNUDVQRVWDZVNLLSyŭQLHMV]\NDQRQLNNDWHGU\OX EHOVNLHM6NĊGLQĊGQDVSHFMDOQĊXZDJę]DVâXJXMH]ZâDV]F]D-XOLXV].ROEHUJ_

&ROEHUJ ² ²Z\ELWQ\ NDUWRJUDI PLQ DXWRU PDS\ VâXůĊFHM GR SRG]LDâX.VLęVWZD:DUV]DZVNLHJRQDGHSDUWDPHQW\LSRZLDW\

:âDœFLFLHOH SDWHQWX X]\VNLZDOL SHâQH XSUDZQLHQLD ]DZRGRZH F]HPX ZQDMV]HUV]HM VNDOL QDGDZDQR QDVWęSXMĊFĊ Z\NâDGQLę ÅSRVLDGDMĊFHJR QD XNę PLHUQLFWZD LEXGRZQLFWZD QD EXGRZQLF]HJR LJHRPHWUę ZFDâ\P .VLęVWZLH:DUV]DZVNLPNWyUHPXRGE\ZDýZV]HONLHF]\QQRœFL]QDXNLEX GRZQLFWZD LPLHUQLFWZD Z\Sâ\ZDMĊFH >@ SR Z\NRQDQHM SU]\VLęG]H SU]HG SUHIHNWHPNWyUHJREĊGŭGHSDUWDPHQWXLůF]\QQRœFLRQHPXEĊGŭSXEOLF] QHEĊGŭSU\ZDWQHOXEVĊGRZHJG\SROHFRQH]RVWDQĊůHZHGOHERJDLVX PLHQLD GRSHâQLDý EęG]LHµ_{ 5HSUH]HQWDFMD QDMEDUG]LHM ZV]HFKVWURQQ\FK}

VSHFMDOLVWyZ QLH ]DVNDNXMH OLF]HEQRœFLĊ_{ D WUZDâH ]ZLĊ]NL ] QDV]Ċ DU}

FKLWHNWXUĊ ]DFKRZDâ Z\âĊF]QLH .DURO +HQU\N *DOOH ² 1DWR PLDVWZRGQLHVLHQLXGRREFRNUDMRZFyZRSRFKRG]HQLXSUXVNRDXVWULDFNLP ²QLH Z\NOXF]DMĊF EDUG]LHM RVREOLZ\FK URGRZRGyZ ²QLH VSRVyE RGQR WRZDý DNW\ZQRœFL ]DZRGRZHM Z.VLęVWZLH :DUV]DZVNLP FK\ED ůH ]RVWDOL ]ZHUERZDQLGRVâXůE\ZRMVNRZHMFRQDOHůDâRE\]ZHU\ÀNRZDýZWRNX]D DZDQVRZDQHMNZHUHQG\

6]HUV]H JURQR SU]HGVWDZLFLHOL NDGU\ XU]ęGQLF]HM ]QDMGXMHP\ GRSLHUR SRœUyGOHJLW\PXMĊF\FKVLęSDWHQDPLEXGRZQLF]HJR_{:âDœFLZLHZV]\VWNLFK} /HRSROG :LQGLVFK >@ N 7RPDV] :QęWRZVNL >@ N -DQ =DOH VNL>@N$QWRQLŮHEURZVNL>@N-DQŮHEURZVNL>@ N

 _{ = *yUDOVNL,QVWUXNFMH HNRQRPLF]QH SURERVWZD Z*RU]NRZLH Å.ZDUWDOQLN +LVWRULL .XOWXU\}

0DWHULDOQHMµ=V  _{ .0DUNLHZLF]-XOLXV]&ROEHUJ.RâREU]HJ.ROEHUJ3U]\VXFKD}  _{ $*$'56L50.:V\JQN}  _{ ,ELGHP)U\GHU\N'RODN>@N+HQU\N.DURO*DOOH>@N} )LOLS:LOKHOP*UDSRZ>@N-DQ.RQLHW]ND>@N-y]HI0LHOFDU]H ZLF]>@N-DQ0OOHU>@N(GZDUG1DWWHU>@N -ęGU]HM1D]DUHZLF]>@N  _{ ,ELGHP'DZLG%ODQNH>@N-DQ*LVJHV>@N:LOKHOP.LU} FKRII>@N*UDFMDQ.RUZLQ>@N*RWWIU\G.UDXVH>@ N )\GHU\N $OEHUW /HVVHO >@ N /XGZLN 0DKQ >@ N :LO KHOP+HQU\N0LQWHU>@N(UQHVW3HWHUVRQ>@N.DURO6FKW]

PRůQD ]LGHQW\ÀNRZDý FKRFLDů ]UyůQ\P SU]\EOLůHQLHP 3HZQH NâRSRW\ Z\VWęSXMĊSU]\SUyELHXVWDOHQLDREVDG\VWDQRZLVN]ZLĊ]DQ\FK]QDG]RUHP NRPXQLNDFMLOĊGRZ\FKLZRGQ\FK,QVSHNWRUyZGUyJLVSâDZyZ²SRGREQLH MDNPLHUQLF]\FK²GRV\ýWUXGQRSU]\SLVDýGRNRQNUHWQ\FKGHSDUWDPHQWyZ JG\ůQLHE\OLSRZRâ\ZDQLQDSRGVWDZLHQRPLQDFMLNUyOHZVNLFK .ROHMQ\SUREOHPVWDQRZLGDWRZDQLH]ZLĊ]DQH]UR]SRF]ęFLHPL]DNRľ F]HQLHPSHâQLHQLDVâXůE\F\ZLOQHM3RGZ]JOęGHPSURFHGXUDOQ\PDNWGHV\ JQDFML EXGRZQLF]\FK GHSDUWDPHQWRZ\FK QLH EXG]L ZĊWSOLZRœFL ]DZLHUDMĊF IRUPXâęREOLJXMĊFĊPLQLVWUDVSUDZZHZQęWU]Q\FKůHÅU]HF]RQHJRGRVSUD ZRZDQLDZVND]DQHJRVRELHXU]ęGRZDQLDZVNDůHLQLQLHMV]ĊQRPLQDFMęRJâR VLµ_{ :V]HODNR QLH EUDNXMH SRV]ODN SR]ZDODMĊF\FK ]DNâDGDý ůH IDNW\F]QH}

]DWUXGQLHQLHQDVWęSRZDâRZF]HœQLHMDSU]\SDGDMĊFHQDODWD²PLD QRZDQLD NUyOHZVNLH SR F]ęœFL W\ONR VDQNFMRQRZDâ\ V\WXDFMę ]DVWDQĊ ZDG PLQLVWUDFMLWHUHQRZHMDQDZHWFHQWUDOQHM

'RELWQ\PSU]\NâDGHPMHVW]DSLV]URNXGRW\F]ĊF\QRPLQDFMLEX GRZQLF]HJR JHQHUDOQHJR ²ÅRERZLĊ]NL WHJRů XU]ęGX RG QLHMDNLHJR F]DVX SHâQLĊFHJRµ_{ &\WRZDQD IUD]D RGGDMH VWDQ ]DZLHV]HQLD ZMDNLP IRUPDOQLH}

SR]RVWDZDâ -DNXE .XELFNL_{ ² SLDVWXMĊF\ RZR VWDQRZLVNR QLH}

SU]HUZDQLHGRURNX_{,QQ\PLVâRZ\XVWDZRGDZVWZRQLHQDGĊůDâR]D}

UR]ZRMHP VWUXNWXU ZâDG]\ Z\NRQDZF]HM VWĊG RVWDWHF]QH XU]ĊG]HQLH 0LQL VWHUVWZD 6SUDZ :HZQęWU]Q\FK L5HOLJLMQ\FK QDVWĊSLâR GRSLHUR SRG NRQLHF URNX

2GWĊG WHů GDWXMĊ VLę QRPLQDFMH GOD EXGRZQLF]\FK UHVRUWRZ\FK DGR QRPHQNODWXU\ SRGOHJDMĊFHM EH]SRœUHGQLR SUHURJDW\ZRP NUyOHZVNLP ]R VWDOL ]DOLF]HQL PLQ EXGRZQLF]\ JHQHUDOQ\ RUD] EXGRZQLF]\ SU]\ '\UHN FML 'yEU L/DVyZ 1DURGRZ\FK_{ &KRFLDů QLH XGDâR VLę QDWUDÀý QD GHNUHW} >@N%HUQDUG6LHJ>@N6\OZHVWHU6]SLORZVNL>@N %RJXPLâ=VFKHUQLJ>@N0DUFLQ=DF]NRZVNL>@N

 _{ $*$'56L50.:V\JQN}

 _{ $*$' 56L50.: V\JQ N ²GHNUHW ] OXWHJR U DWDNůH Å']LHQQLN}

3UDZ7\F]ĊF\VLę1RPLQDF\L8U]ęGQLNyZµGDOHM']3718:DUV]DZD²V  _{ -2EDUVNL0DWHULDâ\GRů\FLDLWZyUF]RœFL-DNXED.XELFNLHJRÅ%LXOHW\Q+LVWRULL6]WXNLµGD}

OHM%+6QUV

 _{ *ZROLœFLVâRœFLZODWDFK².XELFNLE\âW\WXâRZDQ\EXGRZQLF]\PU]ĊGRZ\P}

 _{ 'HNUHW Z VSUDZLH QRPLQDFML XU]ęGQLNyZ Z 0LQLVWHULXP 6SUDZ :HZQęWU]Q\FK}

QRPLQDF\MQ\ QLH XOHJD ZĊWSOLZRœFL ůH ]QDOD]â VLę WXWDM $GROI  )U\GHU\N 6FKW] ² SR VWXGLDFK Z%HUOLQLH PLDQRZDQ\ F]ZDUW\P LQVSHN WRUHP EXGRZODQ\P SU]\ NDPHU]H ZDUV]DZVNLHM_{  (WDW ZUHVRUFLH}

X]\VNDâ QDMSyŭQLHM Z URNX ²F]\OL SU]HG RJâRV]HQLHP GHNUHWX ] NZLHWQLD ERZLHP QLH Z\VWęSXMH ZœUyG Z\UyůQLRQ\FK SDWHQWHP_{ :WHM}

ůH'\UHNFMLRERZLĊ]NLJHRPHWU\SHâQLâ-DQŮHEURZVNL_{NWyUHJRNZDOLÀND} FMHSRWZLHUG]DâSDWHQWPLHUQLF]HJR7HJRVDPHJRGQLDSDWHQW RWU]\PDâSU]\ZRâDQ\MXů.DURO*DOOH_{]DWUXGQLRQ\QDVWęSQLHZ0LQLVWHU} VWZLH3U]\FKRGyZL6NDUEXFRZ\F]HUS\ZDâROLPLWEXGRZQLF]\FKQDV]F]H EOXFHQWUDOQ\P 1DOHů\MHV]F]HZVSRPQLHýůH'\UHNFMD'yEUUR]ZLMDâDZâDVQHVâXůE\ EXGRZODQHRUD]PLHUQLF]HSU]\GHSDUWDPHQWDFKDVNXSLRQHZ,QWHQGHQWX U]H'yEUL/DVyZ1DURGRZ\FK3U]HGVLęZ]LęFLHSRGOHJDâRUHRUJDQL]DFMRP DRG  ]RVWDâR SU]HMœFLRZR UHDNW\ZRZDQH SRG QD]ZĊ ZRMHZyG]NLFK :\G]LDâyZ 'yEU L/DVyZ 5]ĊGRZ\FK SRGOHJâ\FK MXů UHVRUWRZL 3U]\FKR GyZ L6NDUEX_{ : URNX VĊ RGQRWRZDQL 6\OZHVWHU 6]SLORZVNL "²}

 SDWHQW ² RUD] -DNXE .U\ľVNL SDWHQW ² MDNR EXGRZQLF]\RUD]JHRPHWUDZGHSDUWDPHQFLHZDUV]DZVNLPD0DWHXV]7U\ QLV]HZVNL²L3LRWU-DQF]HZVNL²RGSRZLHGQLRZâRPů\ľVNLP_

1DWRPLDVWRGQDVWęSQHJRURNXGR,QWHQGHQWXU\OXEHOVNLHMDZâDœFLZLHOX EHOVNRVLHGOHFNLHM WUDÀOL_{ -DNXE +HPSHO ² RUD] 0DFLHM 0LJXU}

VNLSDWHQW²

 _{ .DOHQGDU]\N SROLW\F]Q\ SLMDUVNL QD URN  V 6áR]D$UFKLWHNFL LEXGRZQLF]R}

ZLH Z3ROVFH :DUV]DZD  V 56WUHFNH ,QYHQWDU ]XU *HVFKLFKWH GHU SUHX‰LVFKHQ %DXYHU ZDOWXQJ²%HUOLQV

 _{ $.DUF]HZVNL3U]\F]\QNLGRG]LHMyZIRUW\ÀNDFMLVWDUHM:DUV]DZ\Å%LXOHW\Q+LVWRULL6]WXNL}

L.XOWXU\µ  QU V JG]LH RGQRWRZDQD DNW\ZQRœý ]DZRGRZD 6FKW]D ZU ]ZLĊ]DQD]SUDFĊZ06:  _{ .DOHQGDU]\NSROLW\F]Q\SLMDUVNLQDURNV}  _{ :03L6SR]RVWDZDâGRQDVWęSQLHEXGRZQLF]\0:DUV]DZ\áR]DV}  _{ :F]HœQLHMSU]\.RPLVML5]ĊGRZHM3U]\FKRGyZL6NDUEXSRZVWDâD'\UHNFMD*HQHUDOQD} /DVyZ5]ĊGRZ\FK3RVWDQRZLHQLH1DPLHVWQLND]F]HUZFDRUD]*HQHUDOQD'\UHN FMD'yEU5]ĊGRZ\FK3RVWDQRZLHQLH1DPLHVWQLND]OXWHJRJG]LHHWDWEXGRZQL F]HJRQLHSU]HUZDQLHSLDVWRZDâ$GROI6FKW]3RUWHů+5DG]LV]HZVNL6NDUELRUJDQL]DFMD ZâDG]VNDUERZ\FKZ.UyOHVWZLH3ROVNLPW:DUV]DZDV  _{ .DOHQGDU]\NSROLW\F]Q\SLMDUVNLQDURNV²}  _{ .DOHQGDU]\NSROLW\F]Q\SLMDUVNLQDURNV}

= SRœUHGQLFK SU]HND]yZ Z\âDQLD VLę MHV]F]H VNâDG Z,QWHQGHQWXU]H NDOLVNLHM JG]LH EXGRZQLF]\P E\â -RKDQQ )ULHGULFK :LONH_{ SU]HQLHVLR}

Q\ ]PLHMVFRZHJR RGG]LDâX PLHUQLFWZD *HRPHWUĊ ]RVWDâ :RMFLHFK /DQ JH SDWHQW ² FR PRůQD Z\VQXý ]QLHMHGQR]QDF]QHM LQIRUPDFML ůHXG]LHODâVLęSU]\LQVSHNFMLHNRQRPLF]QHMW\WXâRZDQ\WHůÅEXGRZQLF]\P QDG]Z\F]DMQ\PZ.DOLV]Xµ_{3RQDGWRJHRPHWUĊ,QWHQGHQWXU\NUDNRZVNLHM}

E\â-DQ'DQLHOVNL_{SDWHQW²DSâRFNLHMHZHQWXDOQLHQLHMDNL0L}

NRâDM 6]\PDľVNL_{ -DN VLę ]GDMH ]DWUXGQLHQL Z,QWHQGHQWXUDFK XWU]\PDOL}

VWDQRZLVND SU]\QDMPQLHM GR  URNX OHF] QLH MHVW SHZQH F]\ ZV]ęG]LH ]RVWDâ\REVDG]RQHHWDW\EXGRZQLF]\FK

: NDůG\P UD]LH QLH OLF]ĊF :LONHJR ²]H Z]JOęGX QD EUDN SHZQ\FK LQIRUPDFML ²]HVWDZLHQLH SR]RVWDâ\FK ]UyůQ\FK Z]JOęGyZ MHVW QDGHU LQWH UHVXMĊFH=DVNDNXMHQRPLQDFMD6]SLORZVNLHJRNWyU\XURG]LâVLęRNRâR URNXL]FDâĊSHZQRœFLĊQLHVWXGLRZDâDSRVDGDRUD]SDWHQWEXGRZQLF]HJR ²QRWDEHQHRVWDWQL]SRGSLVHPNUyOHZVNLP²QLHRGSDUFLHNRMDU]ĊVLę]SUR

WHNFMĊ FR GRV\ý V]\ENR VNRľF]\âR VLę NDWDVWURIĊ EXGRZODQĊ L]DâDPDQLHP NDULHU\_{ =XSHâQLH LQDF]HM SRWRF]\â\ VLę ORV\ 7U\QLV]HZVNLHJR ²ZODWDFK}  _{ 1DQDJURENX-RKDQQD)ULHGULFK:LONHFPHQWDU]HZDQJHOLFNRDXJVEXUVNLZ.LHOFDFK}

Z\U\WRGDW\²FRZVND]XMHQDLPLHQQLND²V\QERůDGQĊPLDUĊQLHPyJâWRE\ý ÅNUyOHZVNRNVLĊůęF\%XGRZQLF]\SU]\,QWHQGHQWXU]H.DOLVNLHMLJHRPHWUDGHSDUWDPHQWRZ\ FRZHGOH]DSLVX]NVLęJLKLSRWHF]QHMSU]\WDF]D%.XQLFNL%DOODG\NDOLVNLH.DOLV]:LO

NH RMFLHF RG  URNX PLHV]NDâ Z.DOLV]X JG]LH SU]\E\â MDNR DV\VWHQW G\UHNWRUD NDPH U\3RU56WUHFNHV:ŭUyGâDFKPDVRľVNLFKRGQRWRZDQRůH]PDUâMXůSU]HG URNLHP 3RU 60DâDFKRZVNLáHPSLFNL:\ND] SROVNLFK Oyů ZROQRPXODUVNLFK RUD] LFK F]âRQNyZ ZODWDFK².UDNyZV

 _{ - %LHOLľVNL.UyOHZVNL 8QLZHUV\WHW :DUV]DZVNL W :DUV]DZD  V /DQJH RG}

]QDF]\âVLęV]F]HJyOQLHZGRELH.UyOHVWZD3ROVNLHJRPLQMDNRJHQHUDOQ\LQVSHNWRUGUyJ LVSâDZyZD]DUD]HPDQLPDWRUV]NROQLFWZD]DZRGRZHJR3RU-5RGNLHZLF]3LHUZV]DSROL WHFKQLNDSROVND².UDNyZSDVVLP-ŒPLDâRZVNL:RMFLHFK/DQJH² ²G]LHMHMHGQHJRDZDQVXáyGŭ  _{ :.XODUHG6SRâHF]HľVWZR.UyOHVWZD3ROVNLHJR6WXGLDRXZDUVWZLHQLXLUXFKOLZRœFLVSRâHF]QHM} W:DUV]DZDV

 _{ : UHWURVSHNW\ZQ\P ]DSLVLH Z\VWęSXMH MDNR ÅJHRPHWUD GHSDUWDPHQWX SâRFNLHJRµ FR}

MHVWPRůOLZHQDMZF]HœQLHMRGURNXDOERRGQRVLVLęGR]DWUXGQLHQLDZ,QWHQGHQWXU]H 'yEUL/DVyZ1DURGRZ\FKÅ*D]HWD:DUV]DZVNDµQUV

 _{ = URG]LFLHOVNĊ QDGRSLHNXľF]RœFLĊ NRMDU]\ VLę UyZQLHů VSHFMDOLVW\F]QH RSUDFRZDQLH}

RPDZLDQHQDSRVLHG]HQLX7RZDU]\VWZD3U]\MDFLyâ1DXNZOLVWRSDG]LHURNX²QLHVWH W\]QDQHW\ONRIUDJPHQWDU\F]QLH²Å=DVDG\Z\UDFKRZDQLDPDWHULDâyZGRUyůQ\FKEXGRZ

² ÅLQVSHNWRU EXGRZODQ\µ Z6HMQDFK_{ VNĊG ]RVWDâ DZDQVRZDQ\}

QD EXGRZQLF]HJR ZZRMHZyG]WZLH DXJXVWRZVNLP : URNX GRF]HNDâ HPHU\WXU\Å]DSU]HV]âROHWQLĊVâXůEęZFLĊJXNWyUHMFLęůNĊLQLHXOHF]R QĊ FKRUREĊ GRWNQLęW\ ]RVWDâµ_{ =DF]\QDâ ZLęF DSOLNRZDý JG\ SRZVWDZD}

â\ ]UęE\ DGPLQLVWUDFML .VLęVWZD :DUV]DZVNLHJR LUDF]HM QLH Z\UyůQLDâ VLę Z\NV]WDâFHQLHPDQLSUDNW\NĊ]DZRGRZĊ]F]HJRPRůQDZQRVLýůHGR]D WUXGQLHQLD Z,QWHQGHQWXU]H Z\VWDUF]Dâ HJ]DPLQ GHSDUWDPHQWRZ\ :W\P NRQWHNœFLH]DVNDNXMHVZRLVWDGHSUHFMDFMD+HPSOD²X]QDQHJRDUFKLWHNWDSR VWXGLDFKZU]\PVNLHM$NDGHPLLœZáXNDV]D²SRFKRSQLHâĊF]RQHJRGRWĊG ]HVWDQRZLVNLHPEXGRZQLF]HJRZ\G]LDâRZHJRZGHSDUWDPHQFLHOXEHOVNLP_

=DNUHV RERZLĊ]NyZ EXGRZQLF]HJR JHQHUDOQHJR E\â GRV\ý HQLJPD W\F]Q\LQLHREHMPRZDâEH]SRœUHGQLHM]ZLHU]FKQRœFLQDGNDGUĊEXGRZODQĊ ZRUJDQDFK WHUHQRZ\FK DQL W\P EDUG]LHM ZXU]ęGDFK PXQLF\SDOQ\FK 2G URNXEXGRZQLF]\PSU]\PDJLVWUDFLHZDUV]DZVNLPSR]RVWDZDâ²RGGH OHJRZDQ\]DUPLL²ÅNDSLWDQLQů\QLHUyZµ0DFLHM=DF]NRZVNL_SRNWyU\P

ZV]HONLH œODG\ XU\ZDMĊ VLę Z URNX -HJR QDVWęSFĊ ]RVWDâ GRů\ZRWQLR )U\GHU\N$OEHUW/HVVHO_{²3U]\F]\PREXEXGRZQLF]\PZ\VWD}

ZLRQR SDWHQW\ ZRGVWęSLH PLHVLĊFD RGSRZLHGQLR  RUD]   FKRFLDů/HVVHORZLSR]RVWDZDâGRGDWNRZRG\SORPDUFKLWHNWD]QDGDQLD6WD QLVâDZD$XJXVWD3RQLDWRZVNLHJR

:\G]LDâHP %XGRZQLF]\P Z:DUV]DZLH RG SRF]ĊWNX NLHURZDâ EęGĊF\ ZUR]NZLFLHNDULHU\+LODU\6]SLORZVNL_{²QRPLQDFMD²} OL ]PDWHULDâyZ Z\EUDQ\FK ]HEUDQH DGR ]Z\F]DMyZ SRWU]HE LZâDVQRœFL .UDMX 3ROVNLHJR ]DVWRVRZDQHSU]H]6\OZHVWUD6]SLORZVNLHJREXGRZQLF]HJRZGHSDUWDPHQFLHZDUV]DZVNLPµ $*$'731V\JQES

 _{ 60DâDFKRZVNLáHPSLFNLV}

 _{ Å*D]HWD:DUV]DZVNDµQUV}

 _{ - -DURV]HZVNL-DNXE +HPSHO ² >Z@ 7-DURV]HZVNL $5RWWHUPXQG -DNXE}

+HPSHO)U\GHU\N$OEHUW/HVVHO+HQU\N,WWDU:LOKHOP+HQU\N0LQWHU$UFKLWHNFLSROVNLHJRNODV\F\ ]PX:DUV]DZDVJG]LHZV]\VWNRZVND]XMHQDÅF]HVNLEâĊGµZGDWRZDQLX ]DPLDVWSRGDQ\PSU]H]áR]ęV  _{ 3RU$.DUF]HZVNL=G]LHMyZWUDV\%HOZHGHU=DPHNŮROLERU]Å3UDFH,QVW\WXWX8UEDQLVW\} NLL$UFKLWHNWXU\µ=VQ  _{ $5RWWHUPXQG)U\GHU\N$OEHUW/HVVHO>Z@7-DURV]HZVNL$5RWWHUPXQGVQ}

 _{ ']3718 V 3RU WHů 6+Lů=DU\V ů\FLD LWZyUF]RœFL +LODUHJR 6]SLORZVNLHJR %+6}

NWyU\ SUDJPDW\Nę ]ZLĊ]DQĊ ] QRPLQDFMĊ SU]HGVWDZLâ Z QDVWęSXMĊF\P EU]PLHQLXÅ:W\PůHURNXGQLDSDŭG]LHUQLNDPLDQRZDQ\RG,]E\ DGPLQLVWUDF\MQHM GHSDUWDPHQWX ZDUV]DZVNLHJR EXGRZQLF]\P GHSDUWDPHQ WRZ\PLDVHVRUHPZWHMůH,]ELHDZURNX>@SU]H]1DMMDœQLHMV]HJR )U\GHU\ND$XJXVWDSRGREQLHůEXGRZQLF]\PGHSDUWDPHQWRZ\Pµ_

3U]\QDMPQLHM RG  URNX MDNR ]DVWęSFD 6]SLORZVNLHJR Z\VWęSXMH VęG]LZ\ .DURO %RJXPLâ 6FKW] ² OHF] SR HJ]DPLQLH SDWHQW  X]\VNDâ SRZRâDQLH QD EXGRZQLF]HJR GRPyZ U]ĊGRZ\FK =D PHN .UyOHZVNL L3DâDF 6DVNL :DUWR SU]\SRPQLHý ůH DV\PLORZDQ\ 6DN VRľF]\NRGURNXE\âEXGRZQLF]\PPLDVWD:DUV]DZ\ERGDMRVWDWQLP ZGRELH SU]HGUR]ELRURZHM Z GRGDWNRZR Z\UyůQLRQ\ SU]H] 6WDQL VâDZD $XJXVWD G\SORPHP EXGRZQLF]HJR 5]HF]\SRVSROLWHM_{ 3RG SDQRZD}

QLHP SUXVNLP UDF]HM QLHZLHOH RVLĊJQĊâ ZODWDFK ² RGQRWRZDQ\ MDNRPLHMVNLLQVSHNWRUEXGRZODQ\_{3RDZDQVLH6FKW]DNROHMQ\P]DVWęSFĊ}

]RVWDâ:LOKHOP+HQU\N0LQWHU_{²SDWHQW3RGGDQ\}

SUXVNLZ:DUV]DZLH]QDOD]âVLęQDSU]HâRPLHVWXOHFLZ\ELHUDMĊFQDVWęSQLH FKOXEQĊ VâXůEę Z.RUSXVLH ,Qů\QLHUyZ VNĊG RWU]\PDâ GHOHJDFMę ]DNRľ F]RQĊ SR Z]QRZLHQLX ZRMQ\ Z URNX 3RGREQLH :LOKHOP .RHSSHQ "²²]DSHZQHRGQDVWDQRZLVNXK\GUDXOLND_{²NWyUHJR]UHV]WĊ}

F]HNDâD NDULHUD LQVSHNWRUD JHQHUDOQHJR GUyJ LVSâDZyZ Z.UyOHVWZLH 3RO VNLP *HRPHWUD +LSROLW 5RJRZVNL UyZQLHů QLH PXVLDâ Z\ND]\ZDý VLę SD WHQWHPFRZVND]XMHQD]DWUXGQLHQLHSU]HGXSâ\ZHPSLHUZV]HJRNZDUWDâX URNXOHF]MXůSRWU]HFKODWDFK]RVWDâSU]HQLHVLRQ\QDNRPLVDU]DHNR QRPLF]QHJR Z,QWHQGHQWXU]H 'yEU L/DVyZ 1DURGRZ\FK_{ :UH]XOWDFLH}

RGURNXVWUXNWXUD:\G]LDâXXSRGREQLâDVLęGRSR]RVWDâ\FKGHSDUWD PHQWyZQLHOLF]ĊFQDG]RUXJPDFKyZU]ĊGRZ\FKFRQLHEDZHPZ\PDJDâR XVWDQRZLHQLDRGUęEQHMVâXůE\_  _{ -%LHOLľVNLVQ}  _{ 6áR]DV}  _{ 60DâDFKRZVNLáHPSLFNLV}  _{ 7-DURV]HZVNL:LOKHOP+HQU\N0LQWHU>Z@7-DURV]HZVNL$5RWWHUPXQGVQ}  _{ .DOHQGDU]\NSROLW\F]Q\QDURN.UDNyZV}  _{ ,ELGHPV.DOHQGDU]\NSROLW\F]Q\SLMDUVNLQDURNV}

 _{ 3RU (6ęF]\V$GPLQLVWUDFMD SDâDFyZ ÅFHVDUVNLFKµ Z:DUV]DZLH ZODWDFK ² LSR}

3HâQĊ REVDGę PRůQD RGQRWRZDý ZGHSDUWDPHQFLH SâRFNLP JG]LH RG  URNX VNRU]\VWDQR ]XVâXJ RE\ZDWHOL SUXVNLFK NWyU]\ GR NRľFD ů\ FLD SR]RVWDOL ZQRZHM RMF]\ŭQLH :\G]LDâHP NLHURZDâ $OHNVDQGHU *URIIH_

² QRPLQDFMD ² DZ QLHRGOHJâHM SU]\V]âRœFL EXGRZ QLF]\ JHQHUDOQ\ .UyOHVWZD 3ROVNLHJR  5DF]HM GRSLHUR Z UR NX LQVSHNWRUHP GUyJ LPRVWyZ ]RVWDâ /XGZLN 0DKQ "² SDWHQW ² NWyU\ ]DZRGRZR UHDOL]RZDâ VLę Z3âRFNX GR NRľFD ů\FLD_

2GG]LDâPLHUQLF]\SURZDG]Lâ-DQ.RZDOVNL]QDQ\ZF]HœQLHM]SUDFNDUWR JUDÀF]Q\FKQD]LHPLGREU]\ľVNLHM_

: GHSDUWDPHQFLH NDOLVNLP +HQU\N .RFK "² QRPLQDFMD ² ²ZF]HœQLHM%DXGLUHNWRU EHL GHU .DPPHU ]X .DOLVFK_{ ²]PDUâ}

ZWUDNFLH SHâQLHQLD RERZLĊ]NyZ NLHURZQLND :\G]LDâX 1DVWęSFĊ ]RVWDâ GRW\FKF]DVRZ\ K\GUDXOLN ²:RMFLHFK YHO &KULVWLDQ $OEUHFKW +HHUPDQQ

"²QRPLQDFMD²NWyU\RSXœFLâ.DOLV]SRG\PLVMLZHZU]H œQLX  URNX_{ XVWęSXMĊF PLHMVFD 6\OZHVWURZL 6]SLORZVNLHPX 2GQRœQLH}

REVDG\SR]RVWDâ\FKVWDQRZLVNVSHFMDOQH]DLQWHUHVRZDQLHZ]EXG]D%HUQDUG 6LHJ SDWHQW ² GRSLHUR SR G]LHVLęFLX ODWDFK RG X]\VNDQLD SD WHQWXRGQRWRZDQ\MDNREXGRZQLF]\ZZRMHZyG]WZLHVDQGRPLHUVNLP²RG GRœPLHUFLZURNX_{6NĊGLQĊGZLDGRPRůHG]LDâDâZ.yUQLNX} DZURNXDZDQVRZDâ]W]ZNRQGXNWRUDQDLQVSHNWRUDEXGRZODQHJR_ ZLęFKLSRWHW\F]QLHPyJâE\SHâQLýIXQNFMęK\GUDXOLNDSRDZDQVLH+HHUPDQ QD3U]HMœFLH:LONHJRGR,QWHQGHQWXU\VSRZRGRZDâR]NROHLURWDFMęZœUyG  _{ ']3718V2GURNXZ3âRFNXJG]LHDZDQVRZDâQDEXGRZQLF]HJRPLD} VWD²6WDGWEDXLQVSHNWRU56WUHFNHV  _{ .'XPDâD6âXůEDEXGRZODQRLQů\QLHUVNDZZRMHZyG]WZLHSâRFNLPLJXEHUQLSâRFNLHMZ;,;ZLH} NXGRUÅ0D]RZV]HµQUV  _{ .DOHQGDU]\NSROLW\F]Q\QDURN.UDNyZV+%DUWRV]HZLF]3UDFHJHR} PHWUyZLNDUWRJUDIyZSUXVNLFKQD0D]RZV]XLZ]LHPLGREU]\ľVNLHMZODWDFK²Å5RF]QLN 0D]RZLHFNLµ:DUV]DZDV  _{ 56WUHFNHV']3718V}  _{ ']3718 V ]X]DVDGQLHQLHP ůH QRPLQDFMD Z\VWDZLRQD QD VNXWHN œPLHUFL .R} FKD56WUHFNHV,%DUDľVND$UFKLWHNWXUD.DOLV]DZGRELH.UyOHVWZD.RQJUHVRZHJR.DOLV] V+HHUPDQQMHVWXGRNXPHQWRZDQ\MDNRK\GUDXOLNZGRNXPHQWDFKNDOLVNLHMORů\ PDVRľVNLHMGRNWyUHMPXVLDâZVWĊSLýSU]HGURNLHP3RU6=DâęVNL2PDVRQLLZ3ROVFH RGURNXGRQDŭUyGâDFKZ\âĊF]QLHPDVRľVNLFK.UDNyZF]V  _{ áR]DV}  _{ 56WUHFNHV}

Z\G]LDâRZ\FKJHRPHWUyZQDF]\PSRPLPRPLDâNRœFLGRZRGyZ]DSHZQH VNRU]\VWDâ-DQ.DURO3DPER_{SDWHQW²}

3U]\SDGHN]ZLĊ]DQ\]HœPLHUFLĊ.RFKDSR]ZDODGRPQLHP\ZDýůH]D WUXGQLDQLHPLHMVFRZ\FKIDFKRZFyZQDVWęSRZDâRZID]LHWZRU]HQLD]UęEyZ DGPLQLVWUDFML WHUHQRZHM QDMSyŭQLHM QD SU]HâRPLH ODW ² DXVDQN FMRQRZDQLH GHF\]ML SHUVRQDOQ\FK SRGHMPRZDQ\FK SU]H] SUHIHNWyZ GDWX MHVLęRGURNX3RQLHZDůQLHE\âRVSHFMDOQ\FKXWUXGQLHľ]ZLĊ]DQ\FK ]PLJUDFMĊW\PEDUG]LHMWUXGQRSU]\SXV]F]DýůHE\Z\VRNRZ\NZDOLÀNRZD QLVSHFMDOLœFL]QDMGRZDOLPRW\ZDFMęGREH]F]\QQRœFL]DZRGRZHMZRF]HNL ZDQLXQDQRPLQDFMęNUyOHZVNĊ=GHF\GRZDQDZLęNV]RœýNDGU\WHFKQLF]QHM SR]RVWDâD QD PLHMVFX WDNůH SR NRQJUHVLH ZLHGHľVNLP QDW\FKPLDVW ZUDFD MĊFGRVâXůE\F\ZLOQHMZFHVDUVWZLHSUXVNLP

1D PRF\ WUDNWDWX W\Oů\FNLHJR FHVDUVWZX URV\MVNLHPX SU]\SDGâD F]ęœý W]Z3UXV1RZRZVFKRGQLFK]F]HJRSRZVWDâREZyGELDâRVWRFNLSRNLONX GHNDGDFKZFLHORQ\GRJXEHUQLJURG]LHľVNLHM-XůZURNXRVWDQRZLVNR

3URYLQ]LDOEDXGLUHNWRU]DELHJDâ&DUO*RWWKDUG$GOHUQRPLQDFMD²

NLHUXMĊF\ :\G]LDâHP %XGRZQLF]\P Z%\GJRV]F]\ DSU]HGWHP F]\QQ\ ZNDPHU]H ELDâRVWRFNLHM_{ :HGOH ZV]HONLHJR SUDZGRSRGRELHľVWZD ZRG}

G]LDOH K\GUDXOLF]Q\P SUDFRZDâ IDFKRZLHF RG VSâDZyZ .DQDOEDX RUD] :DVVHULQVSHNWRU²'DYLG6LHJIULHG%ODQFNYHO%ODQNHSDWHQW²

NWyUHJRSyŭQLHMV]DNDULHUDE\âD]ZLĊ]DQD]NDQDâHPE\GJRVNLP_7\PQLH

PQLHM HWDW LQVSHNWRUD NDQDâX QRWHFNLHJR XWU]\P\ZDâ (UQVW &RQUDG 3HWHU VRQ ² SDWHQW ² SRGREQLH MDN SR]RVWDOL Z\ND]XMĊF\ MHV]F]HGâXJROHWQLĊDNW\ZQRœý]DZRGRZĊQDREV]DU]H3UXV=DFKRGQLFK_

$QDORJLF]QLH E\âR ZGHSDUWDPHQFLH SR]QDľVNLP JG]LH FLĊJâRœý SUDF\ ]DFKRZDâ &KULVWLDQ (OLDV :HUQLFNH ² QRPLQDFMD ² ]D U]ĊGyZ SUXVNLFK2EHUEDXLQVSHNWRU YRP 3RVQHU .DPPHUGHSDUWDPHQW_{ ,Q}

VSHNWRUHP GUyJ LPRVWyZ ]RVWDâ -y]HI 0LHOFDU]HZLF] ² SDWHQW

 _{ 60DâDFKRZVNLáHPSLFNLV}  _{ ']3718V56WUHFNHV}  _{ 56WUHFNHV²}  _{ 6 %âDůHMHZVNL -.XWWD 05RPDQLXN%\GJRVNL VâRZQLN ELRJUDÀF]Q\ W %\GJRV]F]} V²  _{ ']3718V56WUHFNHV=2VWURZVND.ęEâRZVND$UFKLWHNWXUDLEXGRZQLF} WZRZ3R]QDQLXZODWDFK²3R]QDľVQ

² OHJLW\PXMĊF\ VLę ]GDQ\P HJ]DPLQHP ]EXGRZQLFWZD LPLHU QLFWZDOHF]EH]VSHFMDOQ\FKRVLĊJQLęý]DZRGRZ\FK::LHONLP.VLęVWZLH 3R]QDľVNLP ]DSURMHNWRZDâ V\PEROLF]Q\ NDWDIDON QD HJ]HNZLH ]D 7DGHXV]D .RœFLXV]Nę  FR SRPLPR ZV]HFKVWURQQ\FK ]DLQWHUHVRZDľ DUW\VW\F] Q\FKSR]RVWDâRQDMZLęNV]\PGRNRQDQLHPJG\ůSyŭQLHMSRœZLęFLâVLęRER ZLĊ]NRPUDGF\PDJLVWUDFNLHJR_ :%LDâ\PVWRNXUR]SRF]\QDâSUDNW\Nę]DZRGRZĊ-RKDQQ:LOKHOP.LUFK KRIISDWHQW²RGURNXDZDQVRZDQ\LMDNR%DXLQVSHNWRU_ SU]HQLHVLRQ\VâXůERZRGRáRPů\7XWDMMHVWSU]HORWQLHRGQRWRZDQ\_DZH GOHZV]HONLHJRSUDZGRSRGRELHľVWZDRERZLĊ]NLEXGRZQLF]HJRGHSDUWDPHQWX SHâQLâQLHSU]HUZDQLHZODWDFK²1DVWęSFĊ]RVWDâ-DQ*ULHVPH\ HUQRPLQDFMD²F]\QQ\MXůZHSRFHVWDQLVâDZRZVNLHM_DOHWDN ůHZGRELHNRQVW\WXF\MQHM.UyOHVWZD3ROVNLHJR,QVSHNWRUHPGUyJLPRVWyZ E\â :LQFHQW\ 0LHUF]\ľVNL SyŭQLHM LQů\QLHU ZRMHZyG]WZD DXJXVWRZVNLHJR FR ZVND]XMH QD FLĊJâRœý ]DWUXGQLHQLD SU]\QDMPQLHM RG  URNX_{ 2G WHM}

VDPHMGDW\PyJâUR]SRF]ĊýIXQNFMRQRZDQLHZRGG]LDOHPLHUQLF]\P%DUWâR PLHM.XOZLHý]DF]\PSU]HPDZLDEUDNSDWHQWXRUD]Z\NRQDQ\SU]H]HľSRG NRQLHF  URNX SODQ V\WXDF\MQ\ MHGQHJR ]âRPů\ľVNLFK SODFyZ :QD VWęSQ\PURNXSRMDZLâVLęMXů6WDQLVâDZ-DEâRľVNLSDWHQW²FR PRůQDSU]\MPRZDý]PQLHMV]\PU\]\NLHPFKRFLDůÀJXUXMHGRSLHURZGR NXPHQWDFK]ODW²²MDNRJHRPHWUDZRMHZyG]NLZ6XZDâNDFK_

-Xů QLHVSHâQD PLHVLĊF SR X]\VNDQLX SDWHQWX .LUFKKRII  QRPLQDFMD ² RUJDQL]RZDâ :\G]LDâ %XGRZQLF]\ ZGHSDUWDPHQFLH OXEHO VNLPLZEUHZVSU]HF]Q\PSU]HND]RPZ\WUZDâGRNRľFD_{.DULHUę]DNRľ}  _{ -$&KURœFLFNL3RPSD)XQHEULV=G]LHMyZNXOWXU\VWDURSROVNLHM:DUV]DZDV}  _{ 56WUHFNHV}  _{ &]%URG]LFNL'*RGOHZVNDáRPůDZODWDFK²:DUV]DZDV}  _{ ']3718V0.ZLDWNRZVNL6WDQLVâDZ$XJXVW.UyO²$UFKLWHNW:DUV]DZD} VQ  _{ .DOHQGDU]\NSROLW\F]Q\SLMDUVNLQDURNV}

 _{ =D ZF]HœQLHMV]\PL ]ZLĊ]NDPL ]áRPůĊ SU]HPDZLD SU]\QDOHůQRœý GR WDPWHMV]HM OR}

ů\ PDVRľVNLHM ²F]\QQHM RG  URNX ²SRWZLHUG]RQD ZUHMHVWUDFK ]ODW  L &]%URG]LFNL'*RGOHZVNDV6=DâęVNLV

 _{ ']3718 V .DOHQGDU]\N SROLW\F]Q\ SLMDUVNL QD URN  V 6=DâęVNL}

V 60DâDFKRZVNLáHPSLFNL JG]LH Z\PLHQLRQ\ MDNR ]DPLHV]NDâ\ Z/XEOLQLH ÅG\UHN WRUEXGRZODQ\µ

F]\â QLH]E\W FKOXEQLH ²ZGURJRZQLFWZLH :HJHEDXLQVSHNWRU SU]\ UHMHQFML

*XPELQQHQ REHFQLH *XVLHZ REZyG NDOLQLQJUDG]NL JG]LH RWU]\PDâ G\V F\SOLQDUQH]ZROQLHQLHZODWDFK;,;ZLHNX_{2GG]LDâHPK\GUDXOLF]Q\P}

NLHURZDâFK\ED-ęGU]HM1D]DUHZLF]SDWHQW²FRMHVWNRQVWDWD FMĊRSDUWĊQDNUXFKHMSRGVWDZLHERSHZQHMHVWW\ONRůHSRVLDGDâXSUDZQLH QLDEXGRZQLF]HJRRUD]JHRPHWU\=PDUâZOXEURNXLRGHEUDâ ÅF]Hœý SRJU]HERZĊµ ZPLHMVFRZHM ORů\ PDVRľVNLHM NWyUD VNXSLDâD ZLHOX XU]ęGQLNyZGHSDUWDPHQWRZ\FK_{(ZHQWXDOQ\PQDVWęSFĊPyJâE\]RVWDý-DQ} *LVJHVSDWHQW²Z\ZRG]ĊF\VLę]0RUDZLURG]LQQLHSRZLĊ]D Q\]DUFKLWHNWDPLRUG\QDFML]DPRMVNLHM_{OHF]DQRQLPRZ\ZHZâDVQ\FKGR} NRQDQLDFKLQD]DMPRZDQ\FKVWDQRZLVNDFK %XGRZQLF]\PGHSDUWDPHQWXVLHGOHFNLHJRE\â-RKDQQ)ULHGULFK6FKPLH GLFNH "² QRPLQDFMD ² NWyU\ QDMSHZQLHM RSXœFLâ XU]ĊG SR ZNURF]HQLX 5RVMDQ Z URNX DNDULHUę ]DNRľF]\â MDNR%DXLQVSHNWRU

Z%\GJRV]F]\_{ 1D SRGVWDZLH WUXGQ\FK GR ]DNZHVWLRQRZDQLD SU]HVâDQHN}

QDVWęSFĊ ]RVWDâ QLH]QDQ\ ]LPLHQLD EXGRZQLF]\ .QDNH_{ 1LH Z\NOXF]RQH}

Lů FKRG]L R.DUROD .QDNH ]DWUXGQLRQHJR Z URNX QD ]DG]LZLDMĊFR VNURPQHMSRVDG]LHGR]RUF\EUXNyZZ/XEOLQLH_{1LFERZLHPQLHZLDGRPR}

ůHE\ VSHNWDNXODUQHM GHJUDGDFML GRœZLDGF]\â MHJR EDUG]LHM ]QDQ\ LPLHQQLN ²]DSHZQHV\Q²SRZV]HFKQLHâĊF]RQ\]SURMHNWRZDQLHPLUHDOL]DFMĊZLHOX RELHNWyZ6WDURSROVNLHJR=DJâęELD3U]HP\VâRZHJR_{2MFDE\ýPRůHQDOHů\}

XWRůVDPLDý ]ÅEXGRZQLF]\P ZDU]HOQLDQ\Pµ QDG]RUXMĊF\P EXGRZDQH RG ODWWęůQLHZ&LHFKRFLQNX3URMHNWDQWHPE\â-DQ-DNXE*UDII_NWyUHJR

FyUNęGRZRGQLHSRœOXELâ.QDNHPâRGV]\XU

1LHFR PQLHM HQLJPDW\F]QĊ SRVWDFLĊ MHVW EXGRZQLF]\ GHSDUWDPHQWX UD GRPVNLHJR²-y]HI6DGNRZVNL_{QRPLQDFMD²3U]\SXV]F]DVLęůH}  _{ 56WUHFNHV}

 _{ 6=DâęVNLV}

 _{ - .RZDOF]\N=DLQWHUHVRZDQLD LG]LDâDOQRœý DUFKLWHNWRQLF]QD RUG\QDWyZ =DPR\VNLFK Z;9,,,}

ZLHNX>Z@=LHPLDľVWZRQD/XEHOV]F]\ŭQLH.R]âyZNDV  _{ ']3718V56WUHFNHV}  _{ .DOHQGDU]\NSROLW\F]Q\SLMDUVNLQDURNV}  _{ -Ů\ZLFNL8U]ęGQLF\DUFKLWHNFLEXGRZQLF]RZLHLQů\QLHURZLHF\ZLOQL/XEOLQV}  _{ -=LHOLľVNL6WDURSROVNLH=DJâęELH3U]HP\VâRZH:URFâDZ}  _{ 05DF]\ľVNL0DWHULDâ\GRKLVWRULL&LHFKRFLQND:DUV]DZD}  _{ ']3718V}

VWXGLRZDâZ$NDGHPLL%HUOLľVNLHMDQDSHZQR]DFKRZDâFLĊJâRœý]DWUXGQLH QLDGRSRF]ĊWNXODW;,;ZLHNX_{-DNRLQVSHNWRUGUyJLPRVWyZSRMDZLD}

VLę *UDFMDQ .RUZLQ ² SDWHQW ² ]DUD]HP SRGSUHIHNW SRZLDWXVWDV]RZVNLHJR_{:URNXXOHJâFLęůNLHPXZ\SDGNRZLL]PXV]R}

Q\ ]UH]\JQRZDý ]H VâXůE\ SR NLONX ODWDFK VWZRU]\â SHULRG\N Å,]\V 3ROVNDµ ²SLHUZV]HXQDVF]DVRSLVPR]]DNUHVXÅSU]HP\VâXWHFKQLNLLUROQLFWZDµ_

áDWZR]DXZDů\ýůH]GHF\GRZDQDZLęNV]RœýNDGU\LQů\QLHU\MQHM]RVWD âD XNV]WDâWRZDQD ZFHVDUVWZLH SUXVNLP :\GDMH VLę ůH SU]HZDůQLH RPLMDOL SURFHGXU\ HJ]DPLQDF\MQH ]H Z]JOęGX QD X]QDQLRZRœý OXE SURORQJDW\ F]\ SU]HZOHNâRœý SURFHGXUDOQĊ 3U]\ F]\P ZQRZ\FK GHSDUWDPHQWDFK GR SR âRZ\URNXRERZLĊ]\ZDâRYDFDWLROHJLVRGHJ]DPLQyZQDZ\ůV]HVWDQR

ZLVNDSDľVWZRZH_

2GVWęSVWZR RG UHJXâ\ Z\VWĊSLâR ZGHSDUWDPHQFLH NUDNRZVNLP JG]LH :\G]LDâHP %XGRZQLF]\P NLHURZDâ QLHSU]HUZDQLH ²]DP\NDMĊF\ SRF]HW ]DV]F]\FRQ\FK QRPLQDFMĊ NUyOHZVNĊ_{ ²-DQ %RJXPLâ =VFKHUQLJ SDWHQW}

²QRPLQDFMD²:F]HœQLHMQRELOLWRZDQ\SU]H]6WDQL VâDZD$XJXVWDPLDâ]DVREĊVâXůEęZRMVNRZĊRUD]SUDNW\NęDUFKL WHNWRQLF]QREXGRZODQĊQDGZRU]H%UDQLFNLFKZ%LDâ\PVWRNX_:2GG]LD

OH K\GUDXOLF]Q\P ]GRE\ZDâ GRœZLDGF]HQLD /XGZLN 3RVWDZND ² ]DUD]HP QDXF]\FLHO U\VXQNX LDUFKLWHNWXU\ ZJLPQD]MXP NUDNRZVNLP DZ SU]\V]âRœFLZ\VRNLHMUDQJLVSHFMDOLVWDRGGUyJLPRVWyZZ.RUSXVLH,Qů\ QLHUyZ.UyOHVWZD3ROVNLHJR_

'RVNRQDOH ZLDGRPR ůH Z]JOęGQD QLHSRGOHJâRœý ]RVWDâD RNXSLRQD RJURPQ\P Z\VLâNLHP XNLHUXQNRZDQ\P QD DSURZL]DFMę DUPLL LSREyU UH

 _{ -6]F]HSDľVNL$UFKLWHNFLLEXGRZQLF]RZLH0DWHULDâ\.LHOFHV}  _{ Å,]\V3ROVNDµW9,F]V73DODF]&KU\VWLDQ.VDZHU\&KULVWLDQL²} ²>Z@=G]LHMyZSRZLDWXV]\GâRZLHFNLHJR6]\GâRZLHFV  _{ ).XFKDU]HZVNL&]DVRSLœPLHQQLFWZRWHFKQLF]QHSROVNLHSU]HGURNLHP:DUV]DZD} V  _{ 'HNUHW]VLHUSQLD']3.:WQUV}

 _{ $*$' 56L50.: V\JQ N .DOHQGDU]\N 3ROLW\F]Q\ 3LMDUVNL QD URN }

V

 _{ áR]DV-0DURV]HN-DœZLâ\']LHMHREV]DUXJPLQ\GRNRľFD;9,,,ZLHNX%LDâ\VWRN}

V

 _{ ' :\VRF]DľVND1RWDWNL RNV]WDâFHQLX DUW\VW\F]Q\P Z.UDNRZLH Z;9,,, L;,; ZLHNX}

NUXWD DUXFK LQZHVW\F\MQ\ ZEXGRZQLFWZLH F\ZLOQ\P E\â ]QLNRP\_{ -HG}

QDN QDGU]ęGQH ]QDF]HQLH PLDâR SRâRůHQLH ]UęEyZ SRG QRZRF]HVQĊ VâXů Eę F\ZLOQĊ_{ FR RND]DâR VLę WUZDâĊ ]GRE\F]Ċ SU]H] QDMEOLůV]H SyâZLHF]H}

=DUD]HP RG ZF]HVQHM ZLRVQ\  GR SRâRZ\  URNX NUDM ]QDOD]â VLę SRGRNXSDFMĊURV\MVNĊDZâDG]ęVSUDZRZDâD5DGD1DMZ\ůV]D7\PF]DVRZD .VLęVWZD:DUV]DZVNLHJR:RNUHVLHSU]HMœFLRZ\PXWU]\PDQRGRW\FKF]DVR ZĊ DGPLQLVWUDFMę ÅX]QDMĊF ZV]HONLH ZâDG]H PLHMVFRZH ]D OHJDOQHµ_{ DGH}

F\]MHRORVDFKNUDMX]DSDGâ\QDNRQJUHVLHZLHGHľVNLP 1LHSRZLRGâ\VLęVWDUDQLDůHE\.VLęVWZR:DUV]DZVNLHZFDâRœFL]QDOD ]âRVLęSRGSURWHNWRUDWHPURV\MVNLP'\SORPDFMDSUXVND]GRâDâDZ\QHJR FMRZDý]ZURW]LHP]NWyU\FKSRZVWDâDRGUęEQDSURZLQFMD²DXWRQRPLF]QH GRURNX:LHONLH.VLęVWZR3R]QDľVNLH_{DSRZLDW\QDSUDZ\PEU]HJX} :LVâ\EURGQLFNLFKHâPLľVNLWRUXľVNLZFLHORQRGRUHJHQFMLNZLG]\ľVNLHM 3RGHOLPLWDFMLRGSDGâDZLęNV]RœýGHSDUWDPHQWXSR]QDľVNLHJR_{LE\GJRVNLH}

JR_{ RUD] IUDJPHQW\ NDOLVNLHJR}_{ LSâRFNLHJR}_{ ²VWUDW\ Z\QLRVâ\ RNRâR }

W\VNP_{$XVWULDRG]\VNDâD]UD]XW\ONRRNUęJ3RGJyU]DF]\OLSUDZREU]Hů}

Q\VNUDZHNSRZNUDNRZVNLHJR/HZREU]HůQDVWURQDSRZLDWXSRZLęNV]RQD RSRZ NU]HV]RZVNL RUD] F]ęœý SRZ KHEGRZVNLHJR ]âRů\âD VLę QD 5]HF] SRVSROLWĊ.UDNRZVNĊ:ROQH0LDVWR.UDNyZRNRâRNP_IRUPDOQLH

GRURNXSR]RVWDMĊFĊSRGNXUDWHOĊZV]\VWNLFK]DERUFyZ_

1D.UyOHVWZR3ROVNLHSU]\SDGâR]DWHPRNRâRW\VNP_DZSLHUZ

V]HM ID]LH ]DFKRZDQR GRW\FKF]DVRZ\ SRG]LDâ DGPLQLVWUDF\MQ\ -HGQDN EDU

 _{ -3RODF]HN6]WXNDLSROLW\NDZ.VLęVWZLH:DUV]DZVNLPG]LHMHIRUP\WUHœýLG]LHG]LFWZR5]H}

V]yZSDVVLP

 _{ 0 .U]\PNRZVNL6WDWXV SUDZQ\ XU]ęGQLNyZ .VLęVWZD :DUV]DZVNLHJR 3R]QDľ  SDV}

VLP

 _{ -3U]\JRG]NL5DGD1DMZ\ůV]D7\PF]DVRZD.VLęVWZD:DUV]DZVNLHJR:URFâDZV}

 _{ -.R]âRZVNL$GPLQLVWUDFMD:LHONRSROVNLSRGSUXVNLP]DERUHP²3R]QDľ}

 _{ =F]WHUQDVWXSRZLDWyZSR]RVWDâDW\ONRF]ęœýSRZS\]GHUVNLHJR]3\]GUDPLLVNUD}

ZHN SRZLG]NLHJR :7U]HELľVNL3RG]LDâ\ DGPLQLVWUDF\MQH .UyOHVWZD 3ROVNLHJR ZRNUHVLH ² ²:DUV]DZDV

 _{ =G]LHVLęFLXSRZLDWyZSR]RVWDâ\SRZEU]HVNLNRZDOVNLRUD]ZLęNV]RœýUDG]LHMRZVNLH}

JR,ELGHP

 _{ 2GSDGâ SUDZLH FDâ\ SRZ RGRODQRZVNL F]ęœý RVWU]HV]RZVNLHJR ] 2VWU]HV]RZHP}

LNRQLľVNLHJRQDOHZ\PEU]HJX3URVQ\,ELGHP

 _{ 2GSDGâVNUDZHNSRZOLSQRZVNLHJRXXMœFLD'UZęF\ZSREOLůX7RUXQLD,ELGHP}

G]LHMWUZDâĊ]GRE\F]ĊSRRNUHVLHQDSROHRľVNLPE\â\]UęE\SRGQRZRF]HVQĊ VâXůEę F\ZLOQĊ_{ ZW\P VWUXNWXUę VâXůE LQů\QLHU\MQREXGRZODQ\FK SU]H]}

QDMEOLůV]H SyâZLHF]H ]JRâD RGPLHQQĊ RG V\VWHPX Z\VWęSXMĊFHJR ZFHVDU VWZLHURV\MVNLP

Summary

An outline of construction service organization in the Duchy of Warsaw

7KH DUWLFOH SUHVHQWV WKH FULWHULD RI HPSOR\PHQW LQ FHQWUDO DQG ORFDO DGPLQLVWUD WLYHHQWLWLHVLQWKH'XFK\RI:DUVDZDQGDLPVDWGHWHUPLQLQJWKHOLVWRIWHFKQL FDOHPSOR\HHVLQHDFKGHSDUWPHQW