Political Preferences
5/2013
Redakcja naukowa:
Danuta Plecka
Agnieszka Turska-Kawa
Katowice 2013:VWĊS ... 7 Irena Pilch 8QLZHUV\WHWĝOąVNLZ.DWRZLFDFK3ROVND
6]HĞFLRF]\QQLNRZ\PRGHORVRERZRĞFLMDNRQDU]ĊG]LHDQDOL]\
RVRERZRĞFLRZ\FKUyĪQLFSRPLĊG]\JUXSDPLZ\ERUFyZ ... 11 Agnieszka Turska-Kawa8QLZHUV\WHWĝOąVNLZ.DWRZLFDFK3ROVND
0DUNDLGHDOQHMSDUWLLSROLW\F]QHMZRSLQLLZ\ERUFyZRUyĪQ\FK
SUHIHUHQFMDFKLGHRORJLF]Q\FKLSDUW\MQ\FK ... 29 Danuta Plecka 8QLZHUV\WHW0LNRáDMD.RSHUQLNDZ7RUXQLX3ROVND
:DUWRĞFLDZDUWRĞFLSROLW\F]QHZNV]WDáWRZDQLXEH]SLHF]HĔVWZDVSRáHF]QHJR -DURVáDZ1RFRĔ8QLZHUV\WHW*GDĔVNL3ROVND 0LĊG]\XF]FLZRĞFLąDVNXWHF]QRĞFLąG]LDáDQLDSROLW\F]QHJR )XQGDPHQWDOQ\G\OHPDWZ\ERUF\ ... 63 0DJGDOHQD0XVLDá.DUJ8QLZHUV\WHWLP$GDPD0LFNLHZLF]DZ3R]QDQLX3ROVND 2SLQLHSROVNLFKZ\ERUFyZQDWHPDWLQWHJUDFMLHXURSHMVNLHMLZSURZDG]HQLD ZDOXW\HXURZNRQWHNĞFLHNU\]\VX¿QDQVRZHJRZ(XURSLHLQDĞZLHFLH ... 75 Julia Liszkowska 8QLZHUV\WHWĝOąVNLZ.DWRZLFDFK3ROVND
3ROVND8QLD(XURSHMVNDLNU\]\V&]\3RODF\ZLQLą(XURSĊ" ... 95 Maciej Marmola 8QLZHUV\WHWĝOąVNLZ.DWRZLFDFK3ROVND
Agata Olszanecka 8QLZHUV\WHWĝOąVNLZ.DWRZLFDFK3ROVND
6SRáHF]Q\RGELyU6ROLGDUQHM3ROVNL=ELJQLHZD=LREU\ ... 115 5(&(1=-( 0LFKDá6WU]HOHFNLUHG0LĊG]\DSUREDWąDRGU]XFHQLHP'HPRNUDFMDSROVND ZUHÀHNVMLLSUDNW\FHSROLW\F]QHM;;L;;,ZLHNX:\ĪV]D6]N,QIRUPDW\NL L(NRQRPLL7RZ:LHG]\3RZV]HFKQHM2OV]W\Q 5HFHQ]MD0DUWD&KHFKáRZVND/LSLĔVND ... 131
63,675(ģ&,
5DGD1DXNRZDSURI GU KDE 5RPDQ %lFNHU 8QLZHUV\WHW 0LNRáDMD .RSHUQLND Z 7RUXQLX 3ROVND SURI GU KDE 7DGHXV] *RGOHZVNL 8QLZHUV\WHW 0LNRáDMD .RSHUQLND Z 7RUXQLX 3ROVND SURI GU KDE ,ZRQD -DNXERZVND%UDQLFND 8QLZHUV\WHW:DUV]DZVNL 3ROVND SURI GU KDE 6ODYRPLU 0DJiO 8QLZHUV\WHWĞZ&\U\ODL0HWRGHJRZ7UQDZLH6áRZDFMDSURIGUKDE-R]HI0DW~ã8QLZHUV\WHW ĞZ&\U\ODL0HWRGHJRZ7UQDZLH6áRZDFMDSURIGUKDE/LERU3DYHUD:\ĪV]D6]NRáD+DQGORZD 3UDJD&]HFK\SURIGUKDE'DQD3HWUDQRYi8QLZHUV\WHWĞZ&\U\ODL0HWRGHJRZ7UQDZLH 6áRZDFMDSURIGUKDE2OJD3URNRSHQNR6XPVNL8QLZHUV\WHW1DURGRZ\8NUDLQDSURIGUKDE 7HUHVD6DVLĔVND.ODV8QLZHUV\WHW-DJLHOORĔVNLZ.UDNRZLH3ROVNDSURIGUKDE-HU]\6LHOVNL 8QLZHUV\WHW6]F]HFLĔVNL3ROVNDGU0DUFMDQQD$XJXVW\Q8QLZHUV\WHWZ+XOO$QJOLD Kolegium redakcyjne: GU$JQLHV]ND7XUVND.DZDUHGDNWRUQDF]HOQD GUKDE5REHUW$OEHUVNLUHGDNWRUWHPDW\F]Q\V\VWHP\L]DFKRZDQLDZ\ERUF]H SURI80.GUKDE'DQXWD3OHFNDUHGDNWRUWHPDW\F]Q\LGHQW\¿NDFMHSROLW\F]QH GUKDEàXNDV]7RPF]DNUHGDNWRUWHPDW\F]Q\SDUWLHSROLW\F]QH GU=ELJQLHZ:LGHUDUHGDNWRUWHPDW\F]Q\PDUNHWLQJSROLW\F]Q\ GU:DOGHPDU:RMWDVLNUHGDNWRUWHPDW\F]Q\V\VWHP\SDUW\MQH PJU3U]HP\VáDZ*U]RQNDUHGDNWRUVWDW\VW\F]Q\ PJU-DURVáDZ:LFKXUDVHNUHWDU] Recenzenci: SURIGUKDEďXGPLODýiE\RYi8QLZHUV\WHWĞZ&\U\ODL0HWRGHJRZ7UQDZLH6áRZDFMDSURI GUKDE1RUEHUW9UDEHF8QLZHUV\WHWĞZ&\U\ODL0HWRGHJRZ7UQDZLH6áRZDFMDSURIGUKDE .U]\V]WRI *DMGND 8QLZHUV\WHW (NRQRPLF]Q\ Z .DWRZLFDFK 3ROVND SURI GU KDE 7DGHXV] *RGOHZVNL8QLZHUV\WHW0LNRáDMD.RSHUQLNDZ7RUXQLX3ROVNDSURIGUKDE-DFHN:RMQLFNL 8QLZHUV\WHW :DUV]DZVNL 3ROVND SURI GU KDE 0LFKDá 6WU]HOHFNL 8QLZHUV\WHW 0LNRáDMD .RSHUQLNDZ7RUXQLX3ROVNDSURIGUKDE'DULXV]6NU]\SLĔNL8QLZHUV\WHW:URFáDZVNL3ROVND 3URMHNWRNáDGNL -DURVáDZ:LFKXUD Korekta: 7HUHVD7RNDUF]\Nà\V]F]DU] :HUVMDSLHUZRWQDF]DVRSLVPDSDSLHURZD &HQWUXP,QQRZDFML7UDQVIHUX7HFKQRORJLLL5R]ZRMX)XQGDFMD8QLZHUV\WHWXĝOąVNLHJR Katowice 2013
3DWURQDW QDG SURMHNWHP VSUDZXMą 3ROVNLH 7RZDU]\VWZR 1DXN 3ROLW\F]Q\FK RUD] 7RZDU]\VWZR ,QLFMDW\Z1DXNRZ\FK :\GDZFąF]DVRSLVPDMHVW,QVW\WXW1DXN3ROLW\F]Q\FKL']LHQQLNDUVWZD8QLZHUV\WHWXĝOąVNLHJR RUD]&HQWUXP,QQRZDFML7UDQVIHUX7HFKQRORJLLL5R]ZRMX)XQGDFMD8QLZHUV\WHWXĝOąVNLHJR ,6%1 ,661; 'UXN 5(0$5ZZZUHPDUVRVQRZLHFSOHPDLOZ\GDZQLFWZR#UHPDUVRVQRZLHFSO
:URNX]GHF\GRZDQLHUR]V]HU]\áVLĊ]HVSyáEDGDZF]\SU]HSUR- ZDG]DMąF\EDGDQLDZUDPDFKSURMHNWXNWyUHJRZ\QLNLVąUHJXODUQLHSUH]HQ-WRZDQHQDáDPDFKF]DVRSLVPDÄ3ROLWLFDO3UHIHUHQFHV´']LĊNLWHPXXGDáRQDP VLĊXF]\QLüEDGDQLDZZLĊNV]\P]DNUHVLHLQWHUG\VF\SOLQDUQ\PLRUD]SRV]HU]\-OLĞP\DQDOL]ĊSRV]F]HJyOQ\FKZąWNyZ7DNL]DELHJSR]ZROLáZ\NU\VWDOL]RZDü WU]\ ZLRGąFH WHPDW\ HG\FML NWyU\FK UH]XOWDW\ ]DPLHV]F]DP\ Z WU]HFK NROHMQ\FK WRPDFK F]DVRSLVPD Ä3ROLWLFDO 3UHIHUHQFHV´ 0\ĞOą SU]HZRGQLą QLQLHMV]HJRQXPHUXMHVWGHPRNUDFMDRUD]SRVWDZ\VSRáHF]QHZREHFUyĪQ\FKMHM REV]DUyZ6NáDGDVLĊRQ]VLHGPLXWHNVWyZRUD]WU]HFKUHFHQ]MLSRGHMPXMąF\FK UHÀHNVMHQDGSUDFDPLRSU]HGPLRWRZ\P]DNUHVLHWRPX
Irena PilchZVZRLPDUW\NXOHSRGHMPXMHVLĊSRUyZQDQLDRVRERZRĞFL Z\ERUFyZ R UyĪQ\FK SUHIHUHQFMDFK SDUW\MQ\FK L LGHRORJLF]Q\FK %DGDQLD NWyU\FKFHOHPMHVWRSLVLSRUyZQDQLHSUR¿OLRVRERZRĞFLRZ\FKJUXSZ\ERUFyZ SR]ZDODMą QD OHSV]H ]UR]XPLHQLH SRG]LHODQ\FK SU]H] WH JUXS\ SRVWDZ LZ\ERUyZSROLW\F]Q\FK:DQDOL]LHZ\NRU]\VWDQRPRGHO+(;$&2DXWRU- VWZD.LEHRP/HHRUD]0LFKDHOD&$VFKWRQNWyU\RGZRáXMHVLĊGRV]HĞFLR-F]\QQLNRZHM VWUXNWXU\ RVRERZRĞFL $XWRU]\ Z\UyĪQLDMą Z QLHM QDVWĊSXMąFH F]\QQLNL8F]FLZRĞü(PRFMRQDOQRĞü(NVWUDZHUVMĊ8JRGRZRĞü6XPLHQQRĞü 2WZDUWRĞüQDGRĞZLDGF]HQLH
7HQVDPPRGHOMHGQDN]SU]H]QDF]HQLHPGRGLDJQR]\ÄRVRERZRĞFL´ LGHDOQHMSDUWLLSROLW\F]QHMZRSLQLLJUXSUyĪQ\FKHOHNWRUDWyZLRVyERRGPLHQ- Q\FKDXWRLGHQW\¿NDFMDFKQDNRQWLQXXPOHZLFDSUDZLFDZ\NRU]\VWDáDZEDGD-QLDFK Agnieszka Turska-Kawa )XQGDPHQWHP SU]HSURZDG]RQ\FK SU]H] DXWRUNĊ EDGDĔ VWDáR VLĊ ]DáRĪHQLH ĪH Z\ERUF\ SRVWU]HJDMą SDUWLH SROLW\F]QH Z NDWHJRULDFK FHFK FKDUDNWHU\VW\F]Q\FK GOD OXG]L QDGDMąF LP XQLNDOQH WRĪVDPRĞFL
%H]SLHF]HĔVWZR VSRáHF]QH VWDáR VLĊ Z RVWDWQLFK ODWDFK LVWRWQ\P HOHPHQWHPG\VNXUVXRMDNRĞFLĪ\FLDMHGQRVWHNLJUXSVSRáHF]Q\FKFRUyZQLHĪ ]DXZDĪD Danuta Plecka F]\QLąF MH NRQWHNVWHP UR]ZDĪDĔ QDG ZDUWRĞFLDPL
:67Č3
*LRUJLR$JDPEHQ$ODLQ%DGLRX'DQLHO%HQVDwG:HQG\%URZQ -HDQ/XF1DQF\-DFTXHV5HQFLqUH.ULVWLQ5RVVRUD]6ODYRMäLåHN &RGDOHM]GHPRNUDFMą"SU]HáRĪ\áD0DJGDOHQD.RZDOVND:\GDZQLFWZR .VLąĪNDL3UDVD:DUV]DZD 5HFHQ]MD%DUWRV]6LWHN ... 138 (ULNYRQ.XHKQHOW/HGGLKQ'HPRNUDFMD±RSLXPGODOXGX:\GDZQLFWZR 3URKLELWD:DUV]DZD 5HFHQ]MD7RPDV]:LHU]ELFD ... 6SLVWDEHOZ\NUHVyZLU\VXQNyZ ... 155 6XPPDULHV ... 159 Aneks ... 163Irena Pilch 8QLZHUV\WHWĝOąVNLZ.DWRZLFDFK3ROVND
$ VL[GLPHQVLRQDO PRGHO RI SHUVRQDOLW\ DV D WRRO IRU DQDO\VLV SHUVRQDOLW\ GLIIHUHQFHVEHWZHHQJURXSVRIYRWHUV
7KH DLP RI WKLV VWXG\ ZDV WR FRPSDUH SHUVRQDOLW\ SUR¿OHV RI JURXSV RIYRWHUVYDU\LQJLQLGHRORJLFDODQGSROLWLFDOSUHIHUHQFHV$VL[GLPHQVLRQDO PRGHORISHUVRQDOLW\+(;$&2DQGOH[LFDODSSURDFKWRWKHVWXG\RISHUVR-QDOLW\VWUXFWXUHZHUHXVHG7KHUHVXOWVVKRZHGWKDWORZHU$JUHHDEOHQHVVDQG KLJKHU&RQVFLHQWLRXVQHVVGLVWLQJXLVKHGULJKWZLQJYRWHUVIURPRWKHUJURXSV /RZHU([WUDYHUVLRQFKDUDFWHUL]HGWKHJURXSRIYRWHUVZKRGLGQRWHVWDEOLVK WKHLULGHRORJLFDOSUHIHUHQFHV7KHJURXSRIFHQWULVWYRWHUVGLGQRWVKRZGLVWLQFW LQGLYLGXDOLW\LQUHVSHFWWRSHUVRQDOLW\3HUVRQDOLW\WUDLWVGLVWLQJXLVKLQJVXSSRU-WHUV RI 3L6 DUH FKDUDFWHULVWLF RI ULJKWZLQJ YRLQGLYLGXDOLW\LQUHVSHFWWRSHUVRQDOLW\3HUVRQDOLW\WUDLWVGLVWLQJXLVKLQJVXSSRU-WHUV DQG WUDLWV GLVWLQJXLVKLQJ VXSSRUWHUVRI32DUHFKDUDFWHULVWLFRIOHIWZLQGYRWHUVEXWERWKJURXSVRIYRWHUV ZHUHVLPLODULQUHODWLYHO\KLJK&RQVFLHQWLRXVQHVV7KHUHVXOWVRIWKHUHVHDUFK VKRZHGVRPHSHUVRQDOLW\WUDLWVZKLFKFKDUDFWHUL]HGVXSSRUWHUVRI36/53DQG 6/'
Key words: YRWHU¶V SHUVRQDOLW\ +(;$&2 LGHRORJLFDO SUHIHUHQFHV YRWLQJ SUHIHUHQFHV
Agnieszka Turska-Kawa 8QLZHUV\WHWĝOąVNLZ.DWRZLFDFK3ROVND
%UDQGRIDQLGHDOSROLWLFDOSDUW\LQWKHRSLQLRQRIYRWHUVRIGLIIHUHQWLGHRORJLFDO DQGSDUWLVDQSUHIHUHQFHV
7KH SUHVHQW DUWLFOH SUHVHQWV UHVXOWV RI UHVHDUFK FRQGXFWHG ZLWK WKH ZRUNLQJ DVVXPSWLRQ WKDW YRWHUV SHUFHLYH SROLWLFDO SDUWLHV LQ WHUPV RI WUDLWV FKDUDFWHULVWLFVIRUSHRSOHJLYLQJWKHPDXQLTXHLGHQWLW\5HVHDUFKZDVIRFXVHG
^ƵŵŵĂƌŝĞƐ
0DJGDOHQD0XVLDá.DUJ8QLZHUV\WHWLP$GDPD0LFNLHZLF]DZ3R]QDQLX3ROVND
$WWLWXGHVRIWKH3ROLVKYRWHUV¶WRZDUGVWKH(XURSHDQLQWHJUDWLRQDQGWKHLQWURGXFWLRQ RIWKHHXURFXUUHQF\LQWKHFRQWH[WRIWKH¿QDQFLDOFULVLVLQ(XURSHDQGLQWKHZRUOG
7KHPDLQDLPRIWKLVSDSHULVWKHDQDO\VLVRIWKHRSLQLRQVRIWKH3ROLVK VRFLHW\ RQ WKH (XURSHDQ LQWHJUDWLRQ SURFHVV DQG LQWURGXFWLRQ RI WKH HXUR FXUUHQF\LQ3RODQG7KHUHVHDUFKSUREOHPVHHPVWREHYHU\LQWHUHVWLQJGXHWR WKHIDFWWKDWEHIRUHDQGIHZ\HDUVDIWHUWKH3ROLVKDFFHVVLRQWRWKH(8SHRSOH¶V DWWLWXGHV WRZDUGV LQWHJUDWLRQ DQG (XURSHDQ FXUUHQF\ ZHUH YHU\ HQWKXVLDVWLF 7KHRSLQLRQVRI3ROLVKHOHFWRUDWHKDGUDGLFDOO\FKDQJHGE\WKHHQGRI ZKHQWKH3ROHVEHJDQWRIHHOWKHQHJDWLYHUHVXOWVRIWKHHFRQRPLFVORZGRZQ FDXVHGE\WKHJOREDO¿QDQFLDOFULVLV7KHDQDO\VLVZDVPDGHLQWKHFRQWH[WRI SDUW\SUHIHUHQFHVLQ3RODQGDQGWKHGDWDFRYHUWKUHHSHULRGV'HFHPEHU 'HFHPEHUDQGWKHODVWTXDUWHURI
Key words:RSLQLRQVRIWKH3ROLVKHOHFWRUDWHWKHHXURFXUUHQF\WKH(XURSHDQ LQWHJUDWLRQ¿QDQFLDOFULVLVSDUW\SUHIHUHQFHV
Julia Liszkowska 8QLZHUV\WHWĝOąVNLZ.DWRZLFDFK3ROVND
3RODQG(XURSHDQ8QLRQDQGWKHFULVLV'R3ROHVEODPH(XURSH"
7KHSDSHUIRFXVHVERWKRQUHVXOWVRIRZQUHVHDFKQDWLRQDOSROOFRQGXFWHG LQ3RODQGDQGUHVXOWVRIRWKHUSROOVFRQFHUQLQJSHUFHSWLRQRIWKHLPSDFWRIWKH FULVLV LQ 3RODQG7KH UHVXOWV ZHUH DQDO\]HG LQ WHUPV RI FRUUHODWLRQ EHWZHHQ SROLWLFDOSUHIHUHQFHVERWKSDUWLVDQDQGLGHRORJLFDODQGSHUFHLYHGVHYHULW\RI WKHFULVLVLQ3RODQGDVZHOODVUHODWLRQVKLSEHWZHHQSROLWLFDOSUHIHUHQFHVDQG VHHLQJWKH(8DVFDXVHRIWKHFULVLVLQ3RODQGRUDWOHDVWUHDVRQEHKLQGJURZLQJ VHULRXVQHVVRILWVVLJQVLQ3RODQG $YDVWDUUD\RIRWKHUSROOV±ERWKQDWLRQDODQG(XURSHDQPDLQO\HXUR-EDURPHWHUEXWQRWRQO\DVZHOODVJOREDO±ZHUHDQDO\]HGWRYHULI\ZKHWKHUH RSLQLRQVRIWKH3ROHVFKDQJHGRYHUWLPHDQGKRZWKH\SODFHLQFRPSDULVRQZLWK YLHZVRIRWKHUQDWLRQV2YHUDOOWKH3ROHVVHHPOHVVSHVVLPLVWLFUHJDUGLQJWKH FULVLVWKDQRWKHUQDWLRQVPDLQO\GXHWRFRPSDUDWLYHO\EHWWHUHFRQRPLFRXWORRN DQGWKHLURSLQLRQRQ3ROLVKPHPEHUVKLSLQWKH(8UHPDLQVYHU\VWURQJO\SRVL-WLYH$VLJQL¿FDQWSHUFHQWDJHRIUHVSRQGHQWVEODPHG±DWOHDVWLQSDUW±(8IRUWKH FULVLVEXWLWGLGQRWWUDQVODWHLQWRQHJDWLYHYLHZRQ(8DFFHVVLRQRYHUDOO Key words:HFRQRPLFFULVLV3RODQG(8PHPEHUVKLSSROLWLFDOSUHIHUHQFHV LPSDFWRIWKHFULVLVSROOUHVXOWVHXUREDURPHWHU
RQ GH¿QLQJ WKH ÄSHUVRQDOLW\´ RI D SHUIHFW SROLWLFDO SDUW\ YRWHUV ZHUH DVNHG DERXW GHVLUHG LQWHQVLW\ RI FHUWDLQ FKDUDFWHULVWLFV LQ VXFK LPDJLQHG SHUIHFW SROLWLFDOHQWLW\7KHWD[RQRP\RIWUDLWVSUHVHQWHGWRWKHUHVSRQGHQWVXVHGWKH +(;$&2PRGHOE\.LEHRP/HHDQG0LFKDHO&$VFKWRQZKLFKUHIHUVWR D VL[GLPHQVLRQDO SHUVRQDOLW\ VWUXFWXUH7KH DXWKRUV GLVWLQJXLVKHG WKH IROOR-ZLQJ SHUVRQDOLW\ IDFWRUV LQ WKH PRGHO +RQHVW\ (PRWLRQDOLW\ ([WUDYHUVLRQ $JUHHDEOHQHVV&RQVFLHQWLRXVQHVVDQG2SHQQHVVWR([SHULHQFH
Key words:SHUVRQDOLW\SROLWLFDOSDUW\EUDQGRIDSROLWLFDOSDUW\YRWLQJEHKDYLRU
Danuta Plecka 8QLZHUV\WHW0LNRáDMD.RSHUQLNDZ7RUXQLX3ROVND
9DOXHVDQGSROLWLFDOYDOXHVLQWKHVKDSLQJRIVRFLDOVHFXULW\
6RFLDOVHFXULW\KDVEHFRPHLQUHFHQW\HDUVDQLPSRUWDQWHOHPHQWLQWKH GLVFRXUVHDERXWWKHTXDOLW\RIOLIHRQLQGLYLGXDOLVPDQGVRFLDOJURXS&DQQRW EH VXFFHVVIXO LQWURGXFWLRQ RI VRFLDO VHFXULW\ ZLWKRXW GHYHORSPHQW HOHPHQWV HYHQLQWKHIURPRIKXPDQFDSLWDO7KLVKRZHYHUKDVDSRRUGHVLJQSRVVLELOLWLHV LIWKHSXEOLFLVGHVSULYHGRIWKH&RPPXQLW\GLPHQVLRQRIVHFXULW\ZKLFKLVDQ LQWHJUDOSDUWRIVRFLDOFDSLWDO
Key words:YDOXHVSROLWLFDOYDOXHVVRFLDOVHFXULW\VRFLDOFDSLWDO
-DURVáDZ1RFRĔ8QLZHUV\WHW*GDĔVNL3ROVND
%HWZHHQ WKH KRQHVW\ DQG HIIHFWLYHQHVV RI SROLWLFDO DFWLRQ 7KH IXQGDPHQWDO GLOHPPDRIYRWHUV 7KHPDLQWKHVLVRIWKHDUWLFOHDVVXPHVWKDWKRQHVW\DQGHIIHFWLYHQHVRU H¿FDF\DUHFRPSOHPHQWDU\YDOXHVRISROLWLFDODFWLRQ7KLVFODLPLVVWLOOYDOLG HVSHFLDOO\LQFRQHPSRUDU\QRUPDWLYHSROLWLFDOWKHRU\0HDQZKLOHWKHUHVXOWV RIHPSLULFDOUHVHDUFKVKRZVWKDWYRWHUVSHUFHLYHYRWHUVERWKRIWKHVHIHDWXUHV DVWKHFRQWUDGLFWLRQVRISROLWLFDODFWLRQ7KHDXWKRUDQDO\]HVWKHNH\UHDVRQVRI WKLVFRQWUDGLFWLRQDQGLQGLFDWHVWKHFRQGLWLRQVRILWVOLPLWDWLRQV
$1(.6
7DEHOD6RFMRGHPRJUD¿F]Q\UR]NáDGLORĞFLRZ\LSURFHQWRZ\EDGDQHMSUyE\ LORĞü SURFHQW :2-(:Ï'=7:2 'ROQRĞOąVNLH .XMDZVNRSRPRUVNLH 60 /XEHOVNLH 60 /XEXVNLH 31 àyG]NLH 71 0DáRSROVNLH 93 Mazowieckie 150 2SROVNLH 29 3RGNDUSDFNLH 3RGODVNLH 31 3RPRUVNLH 62 ĝOąVNLH 135 ĝZLĊWRNU]\VNLH 37 :DUPLĔVNRPD]XUVNLH 39 :LHONRSROVNLH 93 =DFKRGQLRSRPRUVNLH 3à(û .RELHWD 555 0ĊĪF]\]QD 533 :<.6=7$à&(1,( %H]Z\NV]WDáFHQLD 10 SRGVWDZRZHJLPQD]MDOQH 59 =DZRGRZH 223 ĝUHGQLHSROLFHDOQH 353 :\ĪV]HXNRĔF]RQHVWXGLDOLFHQFMDFNLHOXEPDJLVWHUVNLHAgata Olszanecka 8QLZHUV\WHWĝOąVNLZ.DWRZLFDFK3ROVND, Maciej Marmola 8QLZHUV\WHWĝOąVNLZ.DWRZLFDFK3ROVND
7KHVRFLDOUHFHSWLRQRI8QLWHG3RODQG
7KLV DUWLFOH LV DQ DWWHPSW WR GHVFULEH WKH VRFLDO UHFHSWLRQ RI 8QLWHG 3RODQG6ROLGDUQD3ROVND±WKHQHZSDUW\RQ3ROLVKSROLWLFDOVFHQHIRXQGHGE\ IRUPHU0LQLVWHURI-XVWLFH=ELJQLHZ=LREUR7KHDXWKRUVKDYHWULHGWRDQVZHU WKHTXHVWLRQZKHWKHUWKLVQHZSROLWLFDOLQLWLDWLYHFDQUHDFKWKHUHOHYDQWSRVLWLRQ LQ3ROLVKSDUW\V\VWHP
7KH ¿UVW SDUW RI DUWLFOH LQFOXGHV WKH PRVW SRSXODU WKHRUHWLFDO PRGHOV UHIHUULQJ WR HPHUJHQFH RI QHZ SROLWLFDO SDUWLHV DQG WKHLU LPSDFW RQ SDUW\ V\VWHP7KHRWKHUSDUWSUHVHQWVWKHPDLQLVVXHVFRQQHFWHGZLWK8QLWHG3RODQG WKHJHQHVLVRIWKLVSDUW\WKHSROLWLFDOSURJUDPDQGWKHPDUNHWLQJVWUDWHJ\
,WKDVEHHQDQLQWURGXFWLRQWRVKRZWKHUHVXOWVRIRXUUHVHDUFKRQWKH VRFLDO UHFHSWLRQ RI 8QLWHG 3RODQG$FFRUGLQJ WR WKH UHVHDUFK RQO\ D VPDOO QXPEHURIYRWHUVEHOLHYHLQVXFFHVVWKLVQHZSDUW\7KHPRVWRI3ROLVKHOHFWR-UDWHWKLQNWKDW8QLWHG3RODQGFDQQRWGHYHORSWKHFRKHUHQWPDUNHWLQJVWUDWHJ\ DQGWKHLUSROLWLFDOSURJUDPFDQQRWEHGLVWLQJXLVKHGIURPSDUWLHVZLWKSDUOLD-PHQWDU\UHSUHVHQWDWLRQ
Key words VRFLDO UHFHSWLRQ SROLWLFDO SDUWLHV QHZ SDUWLHV 8QLWHG 3RODQG HPHUJHQFHRIQHZSDUWLHV