0DFLHM.RV]HO
2. Funkcje metropolitalne i powiązania funkcjonalne jako wyznaczniki działalności metropolii i obszaru metropolitalnego
0yZLąFRIXQNFMDFKPHWURSROLWDOQ\FKQDOHĪ\ZVND]DüQDIXQNFMHHJ]RJHQLF]QH
]DUyZQRR]DVLĊJXL]QDF]HQLXFRQDMPQLHMSRQDGUHJLRQDOQ\PRUD]IXQNFMHSR- OHJDMąFHQDSHáQLHQLXG]LDáDOQRĞFLXVáXJRZHMQDMZ\ĪV]HJRU]ĊGX'RWHMGUXJLHM
JUXS\]DOLF]DMąVLĊSU]HGHZV]\VWNLPIXQNFMHW]ZÄ,9VHNWRUD´WMSROLW\F]QH
UHOLJLMQH NXOWXUDOQH DGPLQLVWUDF\MQH QDXNRZH HGXNDF\MQH JRVSRGDUF]H WX- U\VW\F]QH ¿QDQVRZH NRPXQLNDF\MQH RUD] LQIRUPDF\MQH FR MHVW SU]HGVWDZLRQH
ZWDEHOL+H൵QHUVV±RNUHĞODIXQNFMHPHWURSROLWDOQHMDNRÄ]HVWDZSR- ZLą]DĔLRGG]LDá\ZDĔFKDUDNWHU\VW\F]Q\FKGODRĞURGNyZPLHMVNLFKLGHQW\¿NRZD- Q\FKMDNRPHWURSROLH>«@NWyUHFKDUDNWHU\]XMąVLĊV]F]HJyOQąZMDNLPĞ]DNUHVLH
]D]Z\F]DMZ\VRNąSR]\FMąZXNáDG]LHNUDMRZ\POXEPLĊG]\QDURGRZ\P´
7DEHOD)XQNFMHPHWURSROLWDOQHZXMĊFLX]DVLĊJXSU]HVWU]HQQHJRLURG]DMXG]LD- áDOQRĞFL
=DVLĊJ przestrzenny
5RG]DMG]LDáDOQRĞFLVHNWRU 6HNWRU
LUROQLFWZR 6HNWRU,,
SU]HP\Vá 6HNWRU,,, XVáXJL
6HNWRU,9 XVáXJLZ\ĪV]HJR
U]ĊGX .UDMRZ\
5HJLRQDOQ\
SRQDGNUDMRZ\
0LĊG]\QDUR- dowy
*OREDOQ\
ħUyGáR.RUFHOOL2OHMQLF]DNV
)XQNFMHPHWURSROLWDOQHREHMPXMąZV]F]HJyOQRĞFLIXQNFMHRFKDUDNWHU]HGH- F\]\MQ\PF]\OL]ZLą]DQH]Z\VWĊSRZDQLHPLQVW\WXFMLNWyUHUHSUH]HQWXMąDSDUDW
LVWUXNWXU\NLHURZDQLD]DU]ąG]DQLDLNRQWUROLQDMZ\ĪV]\FKV]F]HEOL2W\PF]\
GDQD IXQNFMD PRĪH ]RVWDü X]QDQD ]D PHWURSROLWDOQą GHF\GXMH SU]HGH ZV]\VW- NLP ]DVLĊJ G]LDáDOQRĞFL ZUD] ] SRZLą]DQLDPL ] LQQ\PL PHWURSROLDPL QLH ]DĞ
URG]DMLSR]LRPVSHFMDOL]DFML:WDEHOLSU]HGVWDZLRQRIXQNFMHPHWURSROLWDOQH
]Z\V]F]HJyOQLHQLHPSRGPLRWyZUHSUH]HQWXMąF\FKSRWHQFMDOQ\P]DVLĊJLHPRG- G]LDá\ZDQLDUHJLRQDOQ\PNUDMRZ\POXEPLĊG]\QDURGRZ\PRUD]SRZLą]DQLD- PLPLĊG]\IXQNFMRQDOQ\PL
5R]ZyMREV]DUyZPHWURSROLWDOQ\FKZĞZLHWOHZ\EUDQ\FKNRQFHSFML«
7DEHOD )XQNFMH PHWURSROLWDOQH Z XMĊFLX SRGPLRWyZ UHSUH]HQWXMąF\FK ]DVLĊJX
RGG]LDá\ZDQLDLSRZLą]DĔPLĊG]\IXQNFMRQDOQ\FK )XQNFMD
metropolitalna 3RGPLRWRGSRZLHG]LDOQ\ =DVLĊJRGG]LDá\ZDQLD 3RZLą]DQLD
PLĊG]\IXQNFMR- nalne 3ROLW\F]QD xSRGPLRW\UHSUH]HQWXMąFHXVWUyM
SUDZQRSROLW\F]Q\
xSODFyZNLG\SORPDW\F]QH xLQVW\WXFMHLSU]HGVWDZLFLHOVWZD
LQVW\WXFMLNUDMRZ\FKLPLĊG]\QD- rodowych
xUXFK\VSRáHF]QH
xVWROLFD±NUDM
xPLDVWRZRMHZyG]NLH±
ZRMHZyG]WZRUHJLRQ
xEUDN
'XFKRZD xUHSUH]HQWDFMDZ\]QDĔ xUHJLRQDOQ\
xNUDMRZ\ xNXOWXUDOQD
$GPLQLVWUD-
F\MQD xZáDG]DU]ąGRZDOXEVDPRU]ą- xGRZDLQQHLQVW\WXFMHR]DVLĊJXSRQDG-
ORNDOQ\PGHOHJDWXU\RGG]LD- á\LWS
xVWROLFD±NUDM
xPLDVWRZRMHZyG]NLH±
ZRMHZyG]WZRUHJLRQ
xSROLW\F]QD
.XOWXUDOQD xĞURGRZLVNDLLQVW\WXFMHDUW\VW\F]QH xSRWHQFMDáWZyUF]\
xGREUDNXOWXU\QDURGRZHM
xPRĪOLZHNUDMRZH
LPLĊG]\QDURGRZH
RGG]LDá\ZDQLH
xGXFKRZD
1DXNRZD x]DOHĪQDRGUR]ZRMXWHFKQRORJLF]- QHJRLSURFHVyZLQQRZDF\MQ\FK xSRWHQFMDáQDXNRZREDGDZF]\
xSODFyZNLEDGDZF]RUR]ZRMRZH xSDUNLLFHQWUDQDXNRZRWHFKQR-
ORJLF]QH xWHFKQRSROLH
xNUDMRZ\
xPLĊG]\QDURGRZ\ xJRVSRGDUF]D
7XU\VW\F]QD xNXOWXUDLSU]\URGD
xKLVWRULD xNUDMRZ\
xPLĊG]\QDURGRZ\ xNXOWXUDOQD xGXFKRZD xQDXNRZD (GXNDF\MQD xXQLZHUV\WHW\
xLQQHV]NRá\Z\ĪV]H xOXG]LH]DVRE\OXG]NLH
xUHJLRQDOQ\
xNUDMRZ\
xPLĊG]\QDURGRZ\
xQDXNRZD xJRVSRGDUF]D xWXU\VW\F]QD
*RVSRGDUF]D xKDQGHOLSU]HP\Vá xZVSyáSUDFDJRVSRGDUF]D xSU]HP\Vá\QDXNRFKáRQQHL]D-
DZDQVRZDQHWHFKQRORJLF]QLH xVLHüNRRSHUDFMLZVSyáZ\NRQDZ-
VWZDLSRGZ\NRQDZVWZD xHJ]RJHQLF]QHVHNWRU\WZRU]ą
ED]ĊHNRQRPLF]QąLVLáĊQDSĊGR- ZąUR]ZRMX
xUHJLRQDOQ\
xNUDMRZ\
xPLĊG]\QDURGRZ\
xHGXNDF\MQD xQDXNRZD xSROLW\F]QD xDGPLQLVWUD-
F\MQD
0DFLHM.RV]HO
)XQNFMD
metropolitalna 3RGPLRWRGSRZLHG]LDOQ\ =DVLĊJRGG]LDá\ZDQLD 3RZLą]DQLD
PLĊG]\IXQNFMR- nalne )LQDQVRZD xVHNWRUEDQNRZ\LXEH]SLHF]H-
niowy
xRĞURGNLG\VSR]\FML¿QDQVRZHM xFHQWUDOHZLHONLFKEDQNyZLLQVW\-
WXFML¿QDQVRZ\FK xFHQWUD¿QDQVRZH
xNDSLWDáPLĊG]\QDURGRZ\
xNUDMRZ\
xPLĊG]\QDURGRZ\ xJRVSRGDUF]D xHGXNDF\MQD
.RPXQLND-
F\MQD xZĊ]á\WUDQVSRUWRZRORJLVW\F]QH xSRáRĪHQLHPHWURSROLLZVLHFL
SRáąF]HĔORWQLF]\FKDXWRVWUDGR- Z\FKNROHMRZ\FKLZRGQ\FK
xNUDMRZ\
xPLĊG]\QDURGRZ\ xJRVSRGDUF]D xWXU\VW\F]QD x¿QDQVRZD ,QIRUPDF\MQD xFHQWUDWHOHNRPXQLNDF\MQHLQIRU-
PDW\F]QHLPLĊG]\QDURGRZH xUHJLRQDOQ\NUDMRZ\
LPLĊG]\QDURGRZ\ xSROLW\F]QD xNXOWXUDOQD xQDXNRZD ħUyGáR.ODVLNVV±
0DUNRZVNLVZVND]XMHĪHIXQNFMHPHWURSROLWDOQHPXV]ąVSHá- QLDüRNUHĞORQHNU\WHULD
]DOLF]DüVLĊGRQRZRF]HVQ\FKRSDUW\FKQDZLHG]\LQDMQRZV]\FKWHFKQROR- JLDFK G]LDáyZ JRVSRGDUNL QDURGRZHM EąGĨ WHĪ VáXĪąF\FK EH]SRĞUHGQLR OXE
SRĞUHGQLRREVáXG]HG]LDáDOQRĞFLJRVSRGDUF]HMOXEWHĪGRZ\VSHFMDOL]RZDQ\FK
XVáXJZ\ĪV]HJRU]ĊGXWDE
E\üIXQNFMDPLHJ]RJHQLF]Q\PLW]QZLQQ\VáXĪ\üUR]ZLMDQLXVLHFL]HZQĊWU]- Q\FKSRZLą]DĔV]F]HJyOQLHZ]DNUHVLHSU]HSá\ZXZLHG]\LQIRUPDFMLNDSL- WDáXGyEUNXOWXU\LOXG]LWDNZXMĊFLXPLĊG]\PLDVWHPFHQWUDOQ\PPHWURSR- OLąDMHJRREV]DUHPIXQNFMRQDOQ\PUHJLRQHPPHWURSROLWDOQ\PMDNPLĊG]\
REV]DUDPLPHWURSROLWDOQ\PL
SU]\F]\QLDüVLĊGREXGRZDQLDNRQNXUHQF\MQRĞFLRĞURGNDPLHMVNLHJRZXNáD- GDFKSRQDGQDURGRZ\FK±]DVLĊJRGG]LDá\ZDQLDPHWURSROLLSRZLQLHQZ\NUD- F]DüSR]DREV]DUNUDMX
0DLNV]D]QDF]DĪHIXQNFMHPHWURSROLWDOQHPRJąE\üSRMPRZDQH
WURMDNR MDNR IXQNFMH GRPLQXMąFH D EĊGąFH NRQVHNZHQFMą PRQRSROLVW\F]QHM
SR]\FMLQDU\QNXLVLOQHMG\QDPLNLJRVSRGDUF]HMWHFKQRORJLF]QHMRUD]NXOWXUDOQHM
PLDVWDPHWURSROLWDOQHJRMDNRIXQNFMHNRQWUROQH±ZVIHU]HHNRQRPLF]QHMVSR- áHF]QHMSROLW\F]QHMNXOWXUDOQHMLWHFKQLF]QHMZUHV]FLHMDNRIXQNFMHEXGXMąFH
PLĊG]\QDURGRZ\FKDUDNWHUSRZLą]DĔPHWURSROLLLSRQDGUHJLRQDOQąUDQJĊPLDVWD
3DU\VHNVV±ZVND]XMHĪHIXQNFMHPHWURSROLWDOQHVąJHQHUR- ZDQHSU]HGHZV]\VWNLPSU]H]
FGWDEHOL
5R]ZyMREV]DUyZPHWURSROLWDOQ\FKZĞZLHWOHZ\EUDQ\FKNRQFHSFML«
REHFQRĞüLQVW\WXFMLUHSUH]HQWXMąF\FKVWUXNWXU\NLHURZDQLDL]DU]ąG]DQLDPLĊ- G]\QDURGRZ\FKNRUSRUDFMLJRVSRGDUF]\FK
REHFQRĞü VWUXNWXU NLHURZDQLD ĞZLDWRZ\FK LQVW\WXFML ¿QDQVRZ\FK VHNWRUD
EDQNRZRXEH]SLHF]HQLRZHJRRUD]JáyZQ\FKUHJXODWRUyZU\QNyZNDSLWDáR- Z\FKWDNLFKMDNJLHáG\
F]ĊVWHLMHGQRF]HĞQLHV]\ENLHSRáąF]HQLDWUDQVSRUWRZH]JáyZQ\PLRĞURGNDPL
Ī\FLDJRVSRGDUF]HJRLNXOWXURZHJR
REHFQRĞü QDMZ\ĪV]HJR SR]LRPX SODFyZHN QDXNRZ\FK XQLZHUV\WHW\ LQVW\- WXW\ EDGDZF]H WHFKQRORJLF]Q\FK FHQWUD QRZ\FK WHFKQRORJLL WHFKQRSROLH
SDUNLWHFKQRORJLF]QHLQNXEDWRU\SU]HGVLĊELRUF]RĞFLLWHFKQRORJLF]QH
G]LDáDQLHQDMZ\ĪV]HMUDQJLSODFyZHNVIHU\NXOWXURZHMWDNLFKMDNPX]HDJD- OHULHRSHU\RUNLHVWU\V\PIRQLF]QHWHDWU\
RGE\ZDQLHVLĊPLĊG]\QDURGRZ\FKLPSUH]IHVWLZDOLRUD]Z\GDU]HĔDUW\VW\F]- nych i sportowych,
Z\MąWNRZRĞüW]ZPLOLHXPLDVWDZ\QLNDMąFą]MHJRSRáRĪHQLDVSHF\¿NLDW- PRVIHU\VWDQGDUGXED]\QRFOHJRZRJDVWURQRPLF]QHMRUD]REHFQRĞFLLQVW\WX- FMLUR]U\ZNL
:OLWHUDWXU]HSU]HGPLRWX]D]QDF]DVLĊSU]\W\PĪHÄWUXGQRMHVWMHGQR]QDF]- QLH L UD] QD ]DZV]H RNUHĞOLü NWyUH IXQNFMH EXGXMą PHWURSROLWDOQRĞü PLDVWD´
0DUNRZVNL V -HVW WR ERZLHP ]DOHĪQH ]DUyZQR RG VSHF\¿NL VD- P\FKIXQNFMLMDNLFKDUDNWHUXVWUXNWXUPDNURHNRQRPLF]Q\FKZGDQ\PPRPHQ- FLHFRR]QDF]DĪHNU\WHULDZ\UyĪQLHQLDIXQNFMLPHWURSROLWDOQ\FKSRZLQQ\E\ü
HODVW\F]QHLQDZLą]\ZDüGRDNWXDOQHMV\WXDFML&\WRZDQ\DXWRUZVND]XMHSRQDG- WRĪHW\ONRZ\EUDQHIXQNFMHPRĪQDÄáDWZR]LGHQW\¿NRZDü´MDNRPHWURSROLWDO- QH1DOHĪąGRQLHFKSU]HGHZV]\VWNLPXVáXJLEL]QHVRZHNWyUHVáXĪąREVáXG]H
SU]HGVLĊELRUVWZ 1DOHĪą GR QLFK PLQ XVáXJL ] ]DNUHVX EDQNRZRĞFL UHNODP\
SUDZDJRVSRGDUF]HJRGRUDG]WZDLQZHVW\F\MQHJRĝOHV]\ĔVNLSRGNUHĞOD
ĪHZZLĊNV]RĞFLSU]\SDGNyZEĊGąUDF]HMZ\VWĊSRZDüLVWRWQHWUXGQRĞFLZRGQLH- VLHQLXGR]DNZDOL¿NRZDQLDGDQ\FKIXQNFMLMDNRPHWURSROLWDOQ\FK6]F]HJyOQLH
]DĞ SUREOHP WHQ GRW\F]\ IXQNFML WDNLFK MDN RFKURQD ]GURZLD F]\ SRZLą]DQ\FK
]DVSHNWHPNXOWXURZ\P0RJąRQHERZLHPZRNUHĞORQ\FKV\WXDFMDFKE\ü]D- UyZQRIXQNFMDPLRFKDUDNWHU]HPHWURSROLWDOQ\PMDNLORNDOQ\P
=DVLĊJIXQNFMLPHWURSROLWDOQ\FKMHVWZ\SDGNRZąNLONXFHFK:ĞUyGQDMZDĪ- QLHMV]\FK]QDMGXMąVLĊPLQ3LUYHOLV
URG]DMLMDNRĞüXVáXJĞZLDGF]RQ\FKSU]H]GDQąLQVW\WXFMĊPLDVWROXEUHJLRQ
SR]LRPUR]ZRMXQDXNRZRWHFKQLF]QHJRLQVW\WXFMLPLDVWDOXEUHJLRQX
]GROQRĞüLXPLHMĊWQRĞüXVáXJRGDZFyZLXVáXJRELRUFyZ3GRSRVáXJLZDQLDVLĊ
]GRE\F]DPLF\ZLOL]DF\MQ\PLLNRU]\VWDQLD]QLFK
GRVWĊSOXG]LVSRáHF]QRĞFLOXEVSRáHF]HĔVWZGRRGSRZLHGQLFKGODVLHELHXVáXJ
ZVHQVLHWHFKQLF]Q\PHNRQRPLF]Q\SUDZQ\P
3 /XG]LVSRáHF]QRĞFLOXEVSRáHF]HĔVWZD
0DFLHM.RV]HO
URG]DMV\VWHPXSUDZQRDGPLQLVWUDF\MQHJR
V\WXDFMDSROLW\F]QD
)XQNFMHPHWURSROLWDOQHZ\]QDF]DMąVZRMHVąVLHG]WZRIXQNFMRQDOQH±PLĊG]\
XVáXJRGDZFDPL D XVáXJRELRUFDPL SRZVWDMą ]ZLą]NL IXQNFMRQDOQH VLHFL XNáD- G\SRZLą]DĔUHODFML6LHFLSRZLą]DĔQLH]DZV]H]DFKRZXMąSU]\W\PFLąJáRĞü
SU]HVWU]HQQą 0RELOQRĞü SRV]F]HJyOQ\FK HOHPHQWyZ XF]HVWQLF]ąF\FK L SRGOH- JDMąF\FK Z\PLDQLH EĊGąFD SRFKRGQą SRVWĊSX QDXNRZRWHFKQLF]QHJR VSU]\- MD Z]URVWRZL ]DVLĊJX SU]HVWU]HQQHJR RGG]LDá\ZDQLD IXQNFML PHWURSROLWDOQ\FK
D Z NRQVHNZHQFML UR]URVWRZL VLHFL SRZLą]DĔ WDNĪH SU]H] SU\]PDW OLF]E\ ]D- DQJDĪRZDQ\FKSRGPLRWyZ.ZHVWLRPSRZLą]DĔIXQNFMRQDOQ\FKPLĊG]\PHWUR- SROLDPLREV]DUDPLPHWURSROLWDOQ\PLRUD]ZHZQąWU]REV]DUyZPHWURSROLWDOQ\FK
SRĞZLĊFRQRNROHMQ\SRGUR]G]LDá
0HWURSROLH L REV]DU\ PHWURSROLWDOQH Z\ND]XMą QLH W\ONR VLOQH SRZLą]DQLD
RFKDUDNWHU]HZHZQĊWU]Q\P±PLĊG]\PHWURSROLąDREV]DUHPPHWURSROLWDOQ\P
OHF]UyZQLHĪSU]HMDZLDMąLQWHUDNFMHPLĊG]\SRV]F]HJyOQ\PLRĞURGNDPLWZRU]ąF
Z WHQ VSRVyE XNáDG\ ZĊ]áRZH Z JRVSRGDUFH NUDMRZHM L JOREDOQHM ,P Z\ĪV]D
NODVD PHWURSROLL L SRáąF]RQHJR ] QLą IXQNFMRQDOQLH REV]DUX PHWURSROLWDOQHJR
W\PEDUG]LHMUR]EXGRZDQ\V\VWHPSRZLą]DĔPLĊG]\PHWURSROLWDOQ\FK]DUyZQR
SRGZ]JOĊGHPOLF]E\UHODFMLLFKFKDUDNWHUX]áRĪRQRĞFLMDNL]DVLĊJXSU]HVWU]HQ- QHJRRGG]LDá\ZDQLD:OLWHUDWXU]HZVND]XMHVLĊQDNLONDSRGVWDZRZ\FKURG]D- MyZSRZLą]DĔIXQNFMRQDOQ\FKPLĊG]\PHWURSROLDPLSU]HGVWDZLRQ\FKZWDEHOL
=RVWDQąRQHVFKDUDNWHU\]RZDQHZGDOV]HMF]ĊĞFLSRGUR]G]LDáX
3RZLą]DQLD WUDQVSRUWRZH VWDQRZLą MHGQH ] QDMLVWRWQLHMV]\FK LQWHUDNFML ]D- FKRG]ąF\FKWDNZHZQąWU]VDP\FKREV]DUyZPHWURSROLWDOQ\FKMDNLPLĊG]\SR- V]F]HJyOQ\PLPHWURSROLDPL:VND]XMHVLĊQDPRĪOLZRĞüDQDOL]\W\FKSRZLą]DĔ
QDWU]HFKSRGVWDZRZ\FKSáDV]F]\]QDFK
DQDOL]DUXFKXZVLHFL±UXFKGURJRZ\OXENROHMRZ\SRMD]GyZSU]HZR]\
RVyELWRZDUyZ
DQDOL]D GRVWĊSQRĞFL RUJDQL]DF\MQHM ± Z WUDQVSRUFLH ]ELRURZ\P GURJR- Z\PNROHMRZ\PORWQLF]\PQDPQLHMV]ąVNDOąZRGQ\P
DQDOL]DGRVWĊSQRĞFLLQIUDVWUXNWXUDOQHM±SRWHQFMDOQDPRĪOLZRĞüSRNRQDQLD
SU]HVWU]HQLG\VWDQVXZRNUHĞORQ\PF]DVLH
7DEHOD3RGVWDZRZHURG]DMHSRZLą]DĔIXQNFMRQDOQ\FKPLĊG]\PHWURSROLDPL 5RG]DM
SRZLą]DĔ 3U]HSá\Z\ :\EUDQHPLDU\SRZLą]DĔ
Ekonomiczne WRZDUyZNDSLWDáX
LQIRUPDFML RVyE
SRZLą]DQLDZHZQąWU]SU]HGVLĊELRUVWZFHQWUDOH¿OLH
RGG]LDá\
SRZLą]DQLDSRUWIHORZHDNFMRQDULDWX
NRU]\VWDQLH]HĞURGNyZ]ELRURZHJRWUDQVSRUWXSX- EOLF]QHJR
0DWHXV]7RPDO$GDP1DOHSND
LQVWUXPHQWyZ ± WDND V\WXDFMD Z\VWĊSXMH WDNĪH Z JPLQ 1DOHĪ\ MHGQDN
SRGNUHĞOLüZLGRF]QąQLHFKĊüJPLQGRZGURĪHQLDSHáQHJRVSHNWUXPLQVWUXPHQ- WyZSODQRZDQLDLQZHVW\F\MQHJR1DWDNLNURN]GHF\GRZDáRVLĊ]DOHGZLH
DQDOL]RZDQ\FKMHGQRVWHN)DNWWHQPRĪHZ\QLNDü]ZLHOXSU]\F]\QQS]EUD- NX]DSOHF]DRUJDQL]DF\MQHJREUDNXĞURGNyZ¿QDQVRZDQ\FKF]\EUDNXZLHG]\
PHU\WRU\F]QHM-HGQDNĞURGNLSXEOLF]QHSRZLQQ\E\üZ\GDWNRZDQHZVSRVyE
MDNQDMEDUG]LHMUDFMRQDOQ\ZREHFF]HJRSRZLQQRVLĊZ\ZLHUDüSUHVMĊQDVDPR- U]ąG\ Z W\P ]DNUHVLH RUD] SU]\JRWRZDü RGSRZLHGQLH ZVSDUFLH GOD MHGQRVWHN
JPLQQ\FK Z FHOX ZGURĪHQLD ZV]\VWNLFK GRVWĊSQ\FK LQVWUXPHQWyZ SODQRZD- QLDLQZHVW\F\MQHJR
: NROHMQ\P S\WDQLX DQNLHWRZ\P UHVSRQGHQFL ]RVWDOL ]DS\WDQL R F]ĊVWRWOL- ZRĞüZ\NRU]\VW\ZDQLDDQDOL]\NRV]WyZLNRU]\ĞFLSU]\SRGHMPRZDQLXGHF\]ML
RZ\GDWNRZDQLXĞURGNyZLQZHVW\F\MQ\FK8]\VNDQHRGSRZLHG]LSU]HGVWDZLRQR
QDU\VXQNX
1DMHJRSRGVWDZLHPRĪQDVWZLHUG]LüĪHDQDOL]DNRV]WyZLNRU]\ĞFLMHVWZ\- NRU]\VW\ZDQD MHG\QLH F]DVDPL SU]\ SRGHMPRZDQLX GHF\]ML LQZHVW\F\MQ\FK
*PLQ\NWyU\FKG]LDáDQLHMHVW]DZV]HRSDUWHQDZ\QLNDFKDQDOL]\NRV]WyZLNR- U]\ĞFLVWDQRZLąMHG\QLHDQNLHWRZ\FKMHGQRVWHN%DUG]RGXĪ\MHVWWDNĪHRG- VHWHNJPLQQLJG\OXEU]DGNRZ\NRU]\VWXMąF\FKDQDOL]ĊNRV]WyZLNRU]\ĞFL%DU- G]RQLHSRNRMąF\MHVWIDNWĪHDĪJPLQZRJyOHQLH]QDWHJRW\SXQDU]ĊG]LD
1DSRGVWDZLHX]\VNDQ\FKZ\QLNyZQDOHĪ\VWZLHUG]LüĪHZ\VWĊSXMąEDUG]RGXĪH
EUDNLZ]DNUHVLHZ\NRU]\VWDQLDDQDOL]\NRV]WyZLNRU]\ĞFLSU]\SRGHMPRZDQLX
GHF\]MLLQZHVW\F\MQ\FKZJPLQLH7HJRW\SX]MDZLVNRMHVWZ\VRFHQLHSRĪąGDQH
SRQLHZDĪWRZáDĞQLHWDDQDOL]DXPRĪOLZLDZ]LĊFLHSRGXZDJĊVSRáHF]Q\FKHIHN- WyZSODQRZDQ\FKLQZHVW\FML
1DVWĊSQH S\WDQLH DQNLHWRZH GRW\F]\áR F]ĊVWRWOLZRĞFL UHDOL]DFML LQZHVW\FML
JPLQ\ ZH ZVSyáSUDF\ ] LQQ\PL MHGQRVWNDPL VDPRU]ąGX WHU\WRULDOQHJR :\QL- 5\VXQHN/LF]EDZ\NRU]\VW\ZDQ\FKLQVWUXPHQWyZSODQRZDQLD
LQZHVW\F\MQHJRSU]H]EDGDQHJPLQ\
ħUyGáR2SUDFRZDQLHZáDVQH
=QDF]HQLHSDUW\F\SDFMLVSRáHF]QHMGODHIHNW\ZQRĞFLZ\GDWNyZLQZHVW\F\MQ\FKJPLQ
NLX]\VNDQHGODWHJRS\WDQLDSU]HGVWDZLDU\VXQHN1DSRGVWDZLHX]\VNDQ\FK
RGSRZLHG]L QDOHĪ\ VWZLHUG]Lü ĪH JPLQ\ GRĞü F]ĊVWR NRU]\VWDMą ] PRĪOLZRĞFL
ZVSyáSUDF\ ] LQQ\PL VDPRU]ąGDPL 7HJR W\SX V\WXDFMĊ PRĪQD RFHQLü EDUG]R
SR]\W\ZQLHSRQLHZDĪPRĪHRQDSU]\QLHĞüZLHOHNRU]\ĞFLSU]HMDZLDMąF\FKVLĊ
QSSU]H]Z\PLDQĊGRĞZLDGF]HĔZLHG]\ZVSDUFLH¿QDQVRZHF]\ZVSDUFLHRU- JDQL]DF\MQH
:RVWDWQLPS\WDQLXWHMF]ĊĞFLNZHVWLRQDULXV]DDQNLHW\XPRĪOLZLRQRUHVSRQ- GHQWRPZVND]DQLHLQQ\FKGRWąGQLHZVSRPQLDQ\FKG]LDáDĔJPLQPDMąF\FKQD
FHOX SRGQLHVLHQLH HIHNW\ZQRĞFL Z\GDWNRZDQLD ĞURGNyZ LQZHVW\F\MQ\FK 8]\- VNDQRQDVWĊSXMąFąOLVWĊG]LDáDĔNWyUHZHGáXJRVyEZ\SHáQLDMąF\FKDQNLHWĊZSá\- ZDMą QD HIHNW\ZQLHMV]H JRVSRGDURZDQLH ĞURGNDPL LQZHVW\F\MQ\PL SRGHMPR- ZDQLH GHF\]ML RSDUW\FK QD ]DS\WDQLDFK RIHUWRZ\FK OXE UR]H]QDQLX U\QNRZ\P
UHDOL]DFMD LQZHVW\FML QD ]DVDG]LH SDUWQHUVWZD SXEOLF]QRSU\ZDWQHJR Z\VWĊSR- ZDQLH NRQVXOWDFML VSRáHF]Q\FK Z ]DNUHVLH G]LDáDĔ LQZHVW\F\MQ\FK ZGURĪHQLH
QRZHJR UHJXODPLQX ]DPyZLHĔ SXEOLF]Q\FK VWZRU]HQLH UDG\ SU]HGVLĊELRUFyZ
Z\NRU]\VW\ZDQLH]HZQĊWU]Q\FKĨUyGHá¿QDQVRZDQLDLQZHVW\FMLZ\NRU]\VW\ZD- QLHLQLFMDW\ZORNDOQ\FK]OHFDQLH]DGDĔRUJDQL]DFMRPSR]DU]ąGRZ\P
5\VXQHN&]ĊVWRWOLZRĞüZ\NRU]\VW\ZDQLDDQDOL]\NRV]WyZLNR- U]\ĞFL SU]\ SRGHMPRZDQLX GHF\]ML LQZHVW\F\MQ\FK SU]H] EDGDQH
gminy
ħUyGáR2SUDFRZDQLHZáDVQH
5\VXQHN &]ĊVWRWOLZRĞü UHDOL]DFML LQZHVW\FML JPLQ\ ZH ZVSyá- SUDF\]LQQ\PLMHGQRVWNDPLVDPRU]ąGXWHU\WRULDOQHJR
ħUyGáR2SUDFRZDQLHZáDVQH
0DWHXV]7RPDO$GDP1DOHSND
:W\FKRGSRZLHG]LDFKV]F]HJyOQLH]DXZDĪDOQHVąWU]\DVSHNW\±SDUW\F\SD- FMDVSRáHF]QDDVSHNWVWULFWH¿QDQVRZ\]ZLą]DQ\]V]HURNRUR]XPLDQ\PL]DPy- ZLHQLDPLSXEOLF]Q\PLRUD]DVSHNWZLąĪąF\VLĊ]Z\NRU]\VWDQLHP]HZQĊWU]Q\FK
ĨUyGHá¿QDQVRZDQLDLQZHVW\FML-HGQDNX]\VNDQHZ\QLNLGODWHJRS\WDQLDDQNLH- WRZHJRQLHPRJą]RVWDüX]QDQH]DZSHáQLPLDURGDMQHSRQLHZDĪSRZVWDá\RQH
QDED]LHW\ONRRĞPLXRGSRZLHG]L
.ROHMQDF]ĊĞüEDGDQLDDQNLHWRZHJRGRW\F]\áDRFHQ\Z\NRU]\VWDQLDSDUW\F\- SDFMLVSRáHF]QHMSU]\SRGHMPRZDQLXGHF\]MLLQZHVW\F\MQ\FKZJPLQDFKZRMH- ZyG]WZDPDáRSROVNLHJR7DF]ĊĞüNZHVWLRQDULXV]DVNáDGDáDVLĊ]WU]HFKS\WDĔ
NWyUH GRW\F]\á\ F]ĊVWRWOLZRĞFL Z\VWĊSRZDQLD SDUW\F\SDFML VSRáHF]QHM SU]\
SRGHMPRZDQ\FKGHF\]MDFKZ]DNUHVLHZ\GDWNRZDQLDĞURGNyZLQZHVW\F\MQ\FK
V]F]HJyáRZ\FKIRUPZ\VWĊSRZDQLDWHMĪHSDUW\F\SDFMLVSRáHF]QHMF]ĊVWR- WOLZRĞFL Z\VWĊSRZDQLD SDUW\F\SDFML VSRáHF]QHM SU]\ GHF\]MDFK LQZHVW\F\MQ\FK
JPLQ]HZ]JOĊGXQDW\SUHDOL]RZDQ\FKLQZHVW\FML
:SLHUZV]\PS\WDQLXUHVSRQGHQFLE\OLSURV]HQLRRGSRZLHGĨQDWHPDWF]Ċ- VWRWOLZRĞFLSRMDZLDQLDVLĊSDUW\F\SDFMLVSRáHF]QHMZMDNLHMNROZLHNIRUPLHSU]\
SRGHMPRZDQLX GHF\]ML R NLHUXQNDFK Z\GDWNRZDQLD ĞURGNyZ LQZHVW\F\MQ\FK
ZJPLQDFK8]\VNDQHRGSRZLHG]LSU]HGVWDZLDU\VXQHN
1D SRGVWDZLH X]\VNDQ\FK RGSRZLHG]L QDOHĪ\ VWZLHUG]Lü ĪH SDUW\F\SDFMD
VSRáHF]QD Z MDNLHMNROZLHN ZHUVML Z\VWĊSXMH EDUG]R F]ĊVWR SU]\ SRGHMPRZD- Q\FK GHF\]MDFK LQZHVW\F\MQ\FK Z EDGDQ\FK JPLQDFK -HG\QLH EDGDQ\FK
JPLQZVND]DáRĪHSDUW\F\SDFMDVSRáHF]QDZ\VWĊSXMHU]DGNROXEQLJG\=GUXJLHM
MHGQDNVWURQ\]DOHGZLHMHGQRVWHNVDPRU]ąGRZ\FKVWZLHUG]LáRĪHSDUW\F\SD- FMDVSRáHF]QD]DZV]HMHVWZ\NRU]\VW\ZDQDSU]\SRGHMPRZDQ\FKGHF\]MDFKLQ- ZHVW\F\MQ\FK3DWU]ąFQDFDáRNV]WDáWX]\VNDQ\FKRGSRZLHG]LPRĪQDVWZLHUG]Lü
5\VXQHN &]ĊVWRWOLZRĞü Z\VWĊSRZDQLD SDUW\F\SDFML VSRáHF]QHM
SU]\SRGHMPRZDQLXGHF\]MLRZ\GDWNRZDQLXĞURGNyZLQZHVW\F\M- Q\FKZEDGDQ\FKJPLQDFK
ħUyGáR2SUDFRZDQLHZáDVQH
=QDF]HQLHSDUW\F\SDFMLVSRáHF]QHMGODHIHNW\ZQRĞFLZ\GDWNyZLQZHVW\F\MQ\FKJPLQ
ĪH Z\VWĊSRZDQLH SDUW\F\SDFML VSRáHF]QHM Z REV]DU]H LQZHVW\FML JPLQ MHVW QD
EDUG]RGREU\PSR]LRPLH-HGQDNIDNW\F]QDPRĪOLZRĞüXG]LDáXRE\ZDWHOLZĪ\- FLXSXEOLF]Q\P]DOHĪ\ZV]F]HJyOQRĞFLRGIRUP\MDNąSDUW\F\SDFMDVSRáHF]QD
SU]\MPXMHZNRQNUHWQHMMHGQRVWFHVDPRU]ąGXWHU\WRULDOQHJR:]ZLą]NX]W\P
ZNROHMQ\PS\WDQLX]DS\WDQRJPLQ\MDNąIRUPĊQDMF]ĊĞFLHMSU]\MPXMHSDUW\F\- SDFMDVSRáHF]QDZLFKVDPRU]ąGDFKSU]\SRGHMPRZDQLXGHF\]MLLQZHVW\F\MQ\FK
8]\VNDQHRGSRZLHG]L]RVWDá\]REUD]RZDQHQDU\VXQNX
:\QLNL SU]HGVWDZLRQH QD U\VXQNX ZVND]XMą ĪH QDMF]ĊVWV]ą IRUPą SDUW\- F\SDFML VSRáHF]QHM SU]\ SRGHMPRZDQLX JPLQQ\FK GHF\]ML LQZHVW\F\MQ\FK E\áR
NRQVXOWRZDQLHNWyUH]RVWDáRZVND]DQHDĪSU]H]DQNLHWRZDQ\FKJPLQ1D
GUXJLPPLHMVFX]QDOD]áRVLĊLQIRUPRZDQLHNWyUHE\áRZ\NRU]\VW\ZDQHQDMF]Ċ- ĞFLHMSU]H]EDGDQ\FKJPLQ1DRVWDWQLPPLHMVFX]QDMGXMHVLĊZVSyáGHF\- GRZDQLHNWyUHVWDQRZLJáyZQąIRUPĊSDUW\F\SDFMLVSRáHF]QHMGOD]DOHGZLH
VDPRU]ąGyZ 1D SRGVWDZLH X]\VNDQ\FK Z\QLNyZ QDOHĪ\ VWZLHUG]Lü ĪH PLPR
GXĪHJRXG]LDáXNRQVXOWRZDQLDSDUW\F\SDFMDVSRáHF]QDZEDGDQ\FKJPLQDFKQLH
RVLąJQĊáDZ\VWDUF]DMąFHJRVWRSQLD]DDZDQVRZDQLDSRQLHZDĪRGVHWHNJPLQVWD- ZLDMąF\FK JáyZQLH QD ZVSyáGHF\GRZDQLH MHVW VWDQRZF]R ]D PDá\ 7R ZáDĞQLH
WDIRUPDSDUW\F\SDFMLXPRĪOLZLDPLHV]NDĔFRPIDNW\F]QąPRĪOLZRĞüGHF\]\MQą
WDNĪHZREV]DU]HLQZHVW\FML:]ZLą]NX]W\PVDPRU]ąG\JPLQSRZLQQ\GąĪ\ü
GR]ZLĊNV]HQLDZVSyáGHF\GRZDQLDZ]DNUHVLHLQZHVW\FML]ZáDV]F]DNRV]WHPLQ- IRUPRZDQLD
:RVWDWQLPSXQNFLHWHMF]ĊĞFLNZHVWLRQDULXV]DDQNLHW\]DS\WDQRUHVSRQGHQWyZ
R F]ĊVWRWOLZRĞü Z\VWĊSRZDQLD SDUW\F\SDFML VSRáHF]QHM Z MDNLHMNROZLHN IRUPLH
SU]\SRGHMPRZDQLXJPLQQ\FKGHF\]MLLQZHVW\F\MQ\FKXZ]JOĊGQLDMąFW\SUHDOL- ]RZDQ\FKLQZHVW\FML:\QLNLEDGDQLDSU]HGVWDZLDU\VXQHN
1D MHJR SRGVWDZLH PRĪQD Z\ZQLRVNRZDü ĪH LVWQLHMą LVWRWQH G\VSURSRUFMH
Z ]DNUHVLH Z\VWĊSRZDQLD SDUW\F\SDFML SU]\ SRGHMPRZDQLX JPLQQ\FK GHF\- ]ML LQZHVW\F\MQ\FK GRW\F]ąF\FK UyĪQ\FK W\SyZ LQZHVW\FML : V]F]HJyOQRĞFL
5\VXQHN 1DMF]ĊVWV]H IRUP\ SDUW\F\SDFML VSRáHF]QHM SU]\ SR- GHMPRZDQ\FKGHF\]MDFKLQZHVW\F\MQ\FKZEDGDQ\FKJPLQDFK
ħUyGáR2SUDFRZDQLHZáDVQH
0DWHXV]7RPDO$GDP1DOHSND
SDUW\F\SDFMDVSRáHF]QDSUDZLH]DZV]HZ\VWĊSXMHSU]\LQZHVW\FMDFKGURJRZ\FK
FRMHVW]MDZLVNLHPQDWXUDOQ\P7HJRW\SXLQZHVW\FMHVąQDMF]ĊĞFLHMUHDOL]RZD- QH Z VDPRU]ąGDFK L EH]SRĞUHGQLR RGG]LDáXMą RQH QD MDNRĞü Ī\FLD ORNDOQ\FK
RE\ZDWHOL 1D GUXJLP PLHMVFX ]QDOD]á\ VLĊ LQZHVW\FMH ZRGQRNDQDOL]DF\MQH
JG]LH SDUW\F\SDFMD VSRáHF]QD Z\VWĊSXMH F]ĊVWR OXE ]DZV]H Z DQNLHWR- ZDQ\FK JPLQ7HQ W\S LQZHVW\FML WDNĪH MHVW Z\MąWNRZR ZDĪQ\ GOD PLHV]NDĔ- FyZ JPLQ 'RW\F]\ WR ]ZáDV]F]D UHDOL]DFML VLHFL NDQDOL]DF\MQ\FK NWyU\FK
EDUG]R F]ĊVWR QLH PD Z JPLQDFK ZLHMVNLFK 3RGREQ\ RGVHWHN F]ĊVWRWOLZRĞFL
Z\VWĊSRZDQLD SDUW\F\SDFML VSRáHF]QHM PRĪQD RGQRWRZDü GOD LQZHVW\FML HQHU- JHW\F]Q\FKVSRUWRZRUHNUHDF\MQ\FKRUD]HGXNDF\MQ\FK:WHMJUXSLHRGSRZLH- G]LÄF]ĊVWR´OXEÄ]DZV]H´]RVWDá\]D]QDF]RQHSU]H] RNRáR±EDGDQ\FK
JPLQ.ROHMQąJUXSĊZNWyUHMRGSRZLHGĨÄF]ĊVWR´LÄ]DZV]H´]D]QDF]\áRRNR- áR DQNLHWRZDQ\FK JPLQ WZRU]ą LQZHVW\FMH RFKURQ\ ]GURZLD NXOWXUDOQH
RUD] JRVSRGDUNL NRPXQDOQHM =GHF\GRZDQLH QDMPQLHMV]\ XG]LDá SDUW\F\SDFML
Z\VWĊSXMHSU]\SRGHMPRZDQLXGHF\]MLLQZHVW\F\MQ\FKZ]DNUHVLHPLHV]NDQLR- Z\P7XWDMDĪMHGQRVWHN]D]QDF]\áRĪHSDUW\F\SDFMDVSRáHF]QDZ\VWĊSXMH
U]DGNROXEQLJG\
5\VXQHN &]ĊVWRWOLZRĞü Z\VWĊSRZDQLD SDUW\F\SDFML VSRáHF]QHM SU]\ SRGHMPR- ZDQLX GHF\]ML R Z\GDWNRZDQLX ĞURGNyZ LQZHVW\F\MQ\FK Z EDGDQ\FK JPLQDFK
]XZ]JOĊGQLHQLHPW\SXLQZHVW\FML
8ZDJL%H]XZ]JOĊGQLHQLDJPLQNWyUHQLHUHDOL]RZDá\GDQ\FKW\SyZLQZHVW\FML
ħUyGáR2SUDFRZDQLHZáDVQH
=QDF]HQLHSDUW\F\SDFMLVSRáHF]QHMGODHIHNW\ZQRĞFLZ\GDWNyZLQZHVW\F\MQ\FKJPLQ
: RVWDWQLHM F]ĊĞFL NZHVWLRQDULXV]D DQNLHW\ ]DZDUWR GZD S\WDQLD GRW\F]ąFH
VXELHNW\ZQHM RFHQ\ UHVSRQGHQWD Z ]DNUHVLH ZSá\ZX SDUW\F\SDFML VSRáHF]QHM
QDHIHNW\ZQRĞüSRGHMPRZDQ\FKSU]H]ZáDG]HORNDOQHGHF\]MLLQZHVW\F\MQ\FK
8]\VNDQHRGSRZLHG]LSU]HGVWDZLDU\VXQHN
1DSRGVWDZLHX]\VNDQ\FKRGSRZLHG]LPRĪQDVWZLHUG]LüĪHVDPRU]ąG\JPLQQH
VąSU]HNRQDQHLĪSDUW\F\SDFMDVSRáHF]QDSRGQRVLHIHNW\ZQRĞüJRVSRGDURZDQLD
5\VXQHN=JRGQRĞüUHVSRQGHQWyZ]VWZLHUG]HQLHPĪHSDUW\F\- SDFMD VSRáHF]QD ZSá\ZD QD SRGHMPRZDQLH SU]H] ZáDG]H ORNDOQH
HIHNW\ZQLHMV]\FKGHF\]MLLQZHVW\F\MQ\FK
ħUyGáR2SUDFRZDQLHZáDVQH
5\VXQHN =JRGQRĞü UHVSRQGHQWyZ ] VWZLHUG]HQLHP ĪH SDUW\F\SDFMD VSRáHF]QD
ZSá\ZDQDSRGHMPRZDQLHSU]H]ZáDG]HORNDOQHHIHNW\ZQLHMV]\FKGHF\]MLLQZHVW\- F\MQ\FKZHGáXJW\SyZLQZHVW\FML
8ZDJL%H]XZ]JOĊGQLHQLDJPLQNWyUHQLHUHDOL]RZDá\GDQ\FKW\SyZLQZHVW\FML
ħUyGáR2SUDFRZDQLHZáDVQH
0DWHXV]7RPDO$GDP1DOHSND
ĞURGNDPL LQZHVW\F\MQ\PL 2GSRZLHG]L QLH]JDG]DMąFH VLĊ ] SR]\W\ZQ\P ZSá\- ZHPSDUW\F\SDFMLVSRáHF]QHMQDHIHNW\ZQRĞüGHF\]MLLQZHVW\F\MQ\FKVWDQRZLá\
]DOHGZLHX]\VNDQ\FKRGSRZLHG]LRGSRZLHG]LÄQLH´LÄUDF]HMQLH´=GUX- JLHMMHGQDNVWURQ\QLHPDSHáQHJRSU]HNRQDQLDGRSURFHVyZSDUW\F\SDFMLVSRáHF]- QHMSRQLHZDĪRGSRZLHGĨÄWDN´]D]QDF]\áRW\ONRDQNLHWRZDQ\FKJPLQ
2PDZLDQH S\WDQLH ]DGDQR WDNĪH XZ]JOĊGQLDMąF ZF]HĞQLHMV]H UR]UyĪQLHQLH
Z]DNUHVLHW\SXUHDOL]RZDQ\FKLQZHVW\FMLJPLQQ\FK:\QLNLEDGDQLDSU]HGVWD- ZLDU\VXQHN
:\QLNL]DSUH]HQWRZDQHQDU\VXQNXVąEDUG]RSRGREQHGRW\FKQDU\VXQ- NX2]QDF]DWRĪHLPF]ĊĞFLHMSDUW\F\SDFMDVSRáHF]QDZ\VWĊSXMHSU]\SRGHM- PRZDQLXGHF\]MLLQZHVW\F\MQ\FKW\PZLĊNV]HSU]HNRQDQLHZáDG]\SXEOLF]QHM
R MHM SR]\W\ZQ\P ZSá\ZLH QD LFK HIHNW\ZQRĞü : V]F]HJyOQRĞFL QDMZLĊNV]\
RGVHWHN UHVSRQGHQWyZ WZLHUG]ąF\FK ĪH SDUW\F\SDFMD VSRáHF]QD SRGQRVL HIHN- W\ZQRĞü GHF\]ML LQZHVW\F\MQ\FK ]DQRWRZDQR Z ]DNUHVLH WUDQVSRUWX GURJRZH- JR JG]LH DQNLHWRZDQ\FK JPLQ ]D]QDF]\áR RGSRZLHGĨ ÄWDN´ OXE ÄUDF]HM
WDN´ 3R SU]HFLZQHM VWURQLH ]QDMGXMą VLĊ LQZHVW\FMH PLHV]NDQLRZH Z NWyU\FK
RGSRZLHGĨÄWDN´OXEÄUDF]HMWDN´]D]QDF]\áRMHGQRVWHN-HGQDNSDWU]ąFFD- áRĞFLRZR QD SRZ\ĪV]H Z\QLNL QDOHĪ\ VWZLHUG]Lü ĪH ]GHF\GRZDQD ZLĊNV]RĞü
UHVSRQGHQWyZ]JDG]DVLĊĪHSDUW\F\SDFMDVSRáHF]QDSRGQRVLHIHNW\ZQRĞüZ\- GDWNyZLQZHVW\F\MQ\FKJPLQ
Podsumowanie
3U]HGVWDZLRQH Z UR]G]LDOH UR]ZDĪDQLD SRWZLHUG]Lá\ ĪH HIHNW\ZQRĞü Z\GDW- NyZ LQZHVW\F\MQ\FK JPLQ PRĪH E\ü Z LVWRWQ\ VSRVyE GHWHUPLQRZDQD SU]H]
DNW\ZQ\ XG]LDá PLHMVFRZHM OXGQRĞFL Z ORNDOQ\FK VSUDZDFK SXEOLF]Q\FK
)DNW WHQ SRWZLHUG]DMą ]DUyZQR UR]ZDĪDQLD WHRUHW\F]QH ]JRGQLH ] NWyU\PL
ZSá\Z WHQ PRĪH E\ü EH]SRĞUHGQL OXE SRĞUHGQL MDN L EDGDQLD DQNLHWRZH SU]H- SURZDG]RQH ZĞUyG JPLQ ZRMHZyG]WZD PDáRSROVNLHJR 3U]HGPLRWRZH EDGDQLH
MHVWZVWĊSHPGRG\VNXVMLQDGSUREOHPDW\NąZSá\ZXSDUW\F\SDFMLVSRáHF]QHMQD
HIHNW\ZQRĞüIXQNFMRQRZDQLDVDPRU]ąGXORNDOQHJR5HODFMDWDZ\PDJDGDOV]\FK
SRJáĊELRQ\FKEDGDĔHPSLU\F]Q\FKSRQLHZDĪQLHEUDNXMHWDNĪHSRJOąGX]DUyZ- QR ZĞUyG VDPRU]ąGRZFyZ MDN L QDXNRZFyZ ĪH SDUW\F\SDFMD VSRáHF]QD PRĪH
E\üF]\QQLNLHPQHJDW\ZQLHRGG]LDáXMąF\PQD]DU]ąG]DQLHMHGQRVWNąVDPRU]ąGX
ORNDOQHJRJáyZQLHQDVNXWHNZ\GáXĪRQHJRSURFHVXSRGHMPRZDQLDGHF\]ML
96 0DUHN1RZDN6áDZRPLU3DOLFNL
6SRJOąGDMąFQDĞUHGQLRURF]QąG\QDPLNĊFHQ\MHGQRVWNRZHMPLHV]NDĔQDXOL- F\%\GJRVNLHMNWyUDXNV]WDáWRZDáDVLĊQDSR]LRPLHĞUHGQLZ]URVWFHQ\
MHGQRVWNRZHM]URNXQDURNQDSR]LRPLHWUXGQRGRV]XNLZDüVLĊMDNLFKNRO- ZLHNĞODGyZZVND]XMąF\FKQDPRĪOLZRĞü]LV]F]HQLDVLĊSODQyZVSHNXODF\MQ\FK
LQZHVWRUyZQDU\QNXQLHUXFKRPRĞFLPLHV]NDQLRZ\FK=QDPLHQQHMHGQDNĪHSR- ]LRPFHQQDXOLF\%\GJRVNLHMRGURNXQLHPDOZNDĪG\PNROHMQ\PRNUHVLH
SU]HZ\ĪV]DáFHQ\WUDQVDNF\MQH]FDáHJR3R]QDQLDZ\NUHV:DUWR]DXZDĪ\ü
ĪHZ\UDĨQ\Z]URVWMHGQRVWNRZ\FKFHQPLHV]NDĔQDVWąSLáSRXUXFKRPLHQLXQR- ZHJR0RVWX-RUGDQDODWDLRUD]SRRWZDUFLX,&+27%UDP\3R]QD- QLDZLURNX2EVHUZDFMDWDMHVWV]F]HJyOQLHZDĪQDJG\RGF]\WXMH
VLĊMąQDWOH]DFKRZDĔFDáHJRU\QNXQLHUXFKRPRĞFLPLHV]NDQLRZ\FKZ3R]QDQLX
:HZVND]DQ\FKODWDFKWHPSRZ]URVWXFHQQDXOLF\%\GJRVNLHMSU]HZ\ĪV]DáRWHQ- GHQFMHRJyOQRPLHMVNLHRSU]\QDMPQLHMDZURNXQDZHWRSRQDG
:SHZLHQVSRVyERF]HNLZDQLDNWyUHGDáRVLĊRGQRWRZDüQDSRF]ąWNXSURFHVX
UHZLWDOL]DFML QLH ]RVWDá\ ]UHDOL]RZDQH QD SR]LRPLH LQG\ZLGXDOQ\FK LQZHVW\FML
L RF]HNLZDĔ UHQW\ UHZLWDOL]DF\MQHM PLHU]RQHM SU]\URVWHP ZDUWRĞFL ĞUyGHFNLFK
QLHUXFKRPRĞFLQDWOHLQQ\FKF]ĊĞFLPLDVWDFRQLHSU]HV]NRG]LáRE\VDPSURFHV
X]QDü]D]DNRĔF]RQ\SHZQ\PVXNFHVHP]SXQNWXZLG]HQLDRVLąJQLĊFLDRJyOQR- PLHMVNLFK FHOyZ QS X]XSHáQLHQLD RIHUW\ WXU\VW\F]QHM NRPSOHNVX NDWHGUDOQHJR
]QDMGXMąFHJRVLĊZEH]SRĞUHGQLPVąVLHG]WZLHSR]EDZLRQHJRMDNGRWąGPLHMVF
GRVSRWNDĔF]\UR]EXGRZDQ\FKXVáXJFHQWUXPNXOWXUDOQHJRKRWHOXUHVWDXUDFML
NDZLDUQLHWF
2. Studium przypadku wrocławskiego Nadodrza
: SU]\SDGNX:URFáDZLD WUXGQR GRV]XNDü VLĊ LQLFMXMąF\FK GXĪ\FK G]LDáDĔ LQ- ZHVW\F\MQ\FK PLDVWD 0DP\ UDF]HM GR F]\QLHQLD ]H VWUDWHJLą ]QDF]QLH PQLHM
VSHNWDNXODUQą]RULHQWRZDQąQDSXQNWRZH]PLDQ\LSRSUDZĊVSRáHF]QHJRIXQN- FMRQRZDQLD G]LHOQLF\ ]D SRPRFą ]QDF]QLH PQLHMV]\FK ĞURGNyZ ]DDQJDĪRZD- Q\FK Z SURFHV 2OHMQLF]DN -DN ]DXZDĪD 3DXOLQD 2OHMQLF]DN DXWRUND
DQDOL]\ NRQVHNZHQFML UHZLWDOL]DFML 1DGRGU]D Ä>«@ SRP\Vá RGQRZ\ 1DGRGU]D
Z\QLNDá ] GáXJRWHUPLQRZHM NDONXODFML RUD] QRZHM NRQFHSFML QD PLHMVNL UR]- ZyM : ]DáRĪHQLDFK SURJUDPRZ\FK UHZLWDOL]DFMD SROHJD WX QD UHZDORU\]DFML
WNDQNLPLHMVNLHMLSU]\ZUyFHQLXMHMGRXĪ\WNRZDQLD]GUXJLHM]DĞQDWZRU]HQLX
PLHMVNLHJRPDUNHWLQJXQDVWDZLRQHJRQDUHRUJDQL]DFMĊSU]HVWU]HQL´2OHMQLF]DN
V 8]XSHáQLRQR WHQ VFKHPDW G]LDáDĔ R ]DP\Vá LQWHJUDFML VSRáHF]- QHM NWyUD Z ]DáRĪHQLX PLDáD Z]PDFQLDü SRWHQFMDá VSRáHF]Q\ REV]DUX SU]\- F]\QLüVLĊGRWHJRPLDá\QSIHVW\QÄ8RMFD]DSáRWHP´F]\Ä(XURSHMVNL']LHĔ
5HZLWDOL]DFMD]SHUVSHNW\Z\U\QNXQLHUXFKRPRĞFLQDSU]\NáDG]LHSR]QDĔVNLHMĝUyGNL« 97 6ąVLDGD´3RGREQHG]LDáDQLDSU]HSURZDG]RQRZSU]\SDGNXĝUyGNLZ3R]QDQLX
Ä']LHĔVąVLDGD´:SHZLHQVSRVyEMHGQDNVWUDWHJLDUHDOL]RZDQDSU]H]Z\VSH- FMDOL]RZDQąPLHMVNąVSyáNĊ:URFáDZVND5HZLWDOL]DFMD6S]RRUyĪQLVLĊ]D- VDGQLF]RRGWHMSU]\MĊWHMSU]H]ZáDG]H3R]QDQLDFRSRF]ĊĞFLZ\QLNDáRUyZQLHĪ
]H VWDWXVX ZáDVQRĞFLRZHJR SU]HZDĪDMąFHM F]ĊĞFL QLHUXFKRPRĞFL QD 1DGRGU]X
7XWDM]HZ]JOĊGXQDXZDUXQNRZDQLDKLVWRU\F]QHWRPLDVWRE\áRZáDĞFLFLHOHP
L]DU]ąGFąZLĊNV]RĞFLNDPLHQLFZSU]\SDGNX3R]QDQLDV\WXDFMDZ\JOąGDáDLQD- F]HM=DNUHVG]LDáDĔZ3R]QDQLXPXVLDáPLHüVLáąU]HF]\LQQ\SUR¿OL]DNáDGDá
SRGHMPRZDQLHDNW\ZQRĞFLNWyUHRJUDQLF]Dá\VLĊZSU]HZDĪDMąFHMPLHU]HGRRE- V]DUyZLQLHUXFKRPRĞFLSR]RVWDMąF\FKZHZáDG]WZLHNRPXQDOQ\P
: SU]\SDGNX :URFáDZLD QLH PD ]DWHP MHGQR]QDF]QLH RNUHĞORQHJR ÄSXQN- WXVWDUWRZHJR´GODSR]QDĔVNLHMĝURGNLE\áDWRRGEXGRZD0RVWX-RUGDQDOHF]
PRĪQDGRVWU]HFMHGQRF]HĞQLHZLĊNV]\LEDUG]LHM]UyĪQLFRZDQ\REV]DUREMĊW\SR- OLW\NąUHZLWDOL]DF\MQąRGURNXZNWyUHJR]DNUHVLHRGQDZLDQRWHUHQ\]LH- ORQHXWZRU]RQRPXOWLPRGDOQ\ZĊ]HáNRPXQLNDF\MQ\QDSODF3RZVWDĔFyZĝOą- VNLFKRUD]ZVSRPDJDQRLQLFMDW\Z\VSRáHF]QHDMHGQRF]HĞQLHF]HJRQLHPRĪQD
E\áR]UHDOL]RZDüZ3R]QDQLXSRGMĊWRVLĊUHPRQWXZLHOXNDPLHQLFLSRGZyUHN
2OHMQLF]DNV
=HEUDQ\PDWHULDá]U\QNXQLHUXFKRPRĞFLZVND]XMHĪH]UDFMLGXĪHMUR]OHJ
áRĞFL REV]DUX 1DGRGU]D SHáQą DQDOL]ą GDQ\FK WUDQVDNF\MQ\FK REMĊWR Z\áąF]QLH
GZLH XOLFH %ROHVáDZD &KUREUHJR L ĝZ:LQFHQWHJR:\MĞFLRZR ]JURPDG]RQR
REVHUZDFMLRWUDQVDNFMDFK]ODW±]XO%ROHVáDZD&KUREUHJR
]XOĝZ:LQFHQWHJR:\áąF]RQR]QLFKZ\GDU]HQLDRFKDUDNWHU]HQLHU\Q- NRZ\PWDNLHMDNGDURZL]QDPLHV]NDĔG]LDáVSDGNX]QLHVLHQLHZVSyáZáDVQRĞFL
SU]HWDUJRZHEąGĨEH]SU]HWDUJRZH]E\FLHQLHUXFKRPRĞFL]PDMąWNXJPLQ\2ND- ]DáRVLĊĪHZ\EUDQ\REV]DUFHFKRZDáVLĊ]QDF]Q\PQDV\FHQLHP]DVREyZPLHV]- NDQLRZ\FK R FKDUDNWHU]H ZáDVQRĞFL NRPXQDOQHM$Ī PLHV]NDQLD Z ODWDFK
±JPLQDVSU]HGDáDZWU\ELHEH]SU]HWDUJRZ\PPRĪQDGRPQLHP\ZDü
ĪH JáyZQLH GRW\FKF]DVRZ\P QDMHPFRP D ZLĊF RVRERP R ]D]Z\F]DM QLH]E\W
Z\VRNLP VWDWXVLH HNRQRPLF]Q\P D PLHV]NDQLD VWDá\ VLĊ Z W\P RNUHVLH
SU]HGPLRWHP GDURZL]Q\ Z 3ROVFH ]D]Z\F]DM GRFKRG]L GR GDURZL]Q PLHV]- NDĔZREV]DU]HQDMEOLĪV]HMURG]LQ\JáyZQLHZUHODFMLURG]LFHG]LHFL:V]HONLH
ZZRNROLF]QRĞFLQLHQRV]ą]QDPLRQ]DFKRZDĔU\QNRZ\FKVąERZLHPSR]ED- ZLRQHLFKQDWXUDOQ\FKSU]\PLRWyZWDNLFKMDNRNUHVHNVSR]\FMLRIHUW\LSURFHV\
QHJRFMDF\MQH7HJRURG]DMXVSRVWU]HĪHQLDSR]ZDODMąSRWZLHUG]LüSU]\SXV]F]HQLH
RUHODW\ZQLHQLVNLPVWDWXVLHPDWHULDOQ\PPLHV]NDĔFyZ1DGRGU]DNWyU]\Z\ND- ]XMąZ]QDF]QHMPLHU]HSDV\ZQRĞüU\QNRZą2VWDWHF]QLH]DOHGZLHVSRĞUyG
GDQ\FK WUDQVDNF\MQ\FK ]RVWDáR SRGGDQ\FK DQDOL]LH MDNR PDWHULDá LQIRUPD- F\MQ\RG]ZLHUFLHGODMąF\W\SRZH]DFKRZDQLDU\QNRZH
&DáNRZLWDOLF]EDWUDQVDNFMLRGQRWRZDQ\FKZH:URFáDZLXQDXOLF\&KUREUHJR
LĝZ:LQFHQWHJRQLHUyZQRPLHUQLHUR]NáDGDáDVLĊQDODWDREMĊWHDQDOL]ąZ\NUHV
98 0DUHN1RZDN6áDZRPLU3DOLFNL
-HGQDNWU]HED]DXZDĪ\üPQLHMV]ąVNDOĊG\VSURSRUFMLZDNW\ZQRĞFLU\QNXORNDO- QHJRQLĪZSU]\SDGNXXOLF\%\GJRVNLHMQDSR]QDĔVNLHMĝUyGFH:\MąWNRZRGOD
1DGRGU]D]DU\VRZXMHVLĊURNNLHG\WR]UHDOL]RZDQRDĪWUDQVDNFMHFR
VWDQRZLáR RJyáX DNWyZ NXSQDVSU]HGDĪ\ PLHV]NDĔ Z FLąJX EDGDQ\FK
ODW5RVQąFąDOHQLHWDNZ\VRNąMDNZURNXDNW\ZQRĞüQRWRZDQRQDU\Q- NXWDNĪHZODWDFK±DZLĊFZRNUHVLH]ZLą]DQ\P]IRUPXáRZDQLHP
]DSRZLHG]L SRGMĊFLD G]LDáDĔ UHZLWDOL]DF\MQ\FK 1DGRGU]D 5RN REUD]XMH
QDWRPLDVWLQWHQV\ZQąUHDNFMĊU\QNXQDZGUDĪDQLHUHZLWDOL]DFMLZW\PREV]DU]H
1DOHĪ\ZVSRPQLHüĪHHIHNW\G]LDáDĔUHZLWDOL]DF\MQ\FKZ1DGRGU]XREVHU- ZRZDQRJáyZQLHSU]H]SU\]PDWSRSUDZ\MDNRĞFLSU]HVWU]HQLSXEOLF]QHMRUD]UH- PRQWyZHOHZDFMLEXG\QNyZPLHV]NDOQ\FK1DEDGDQ\PU\QNXQLHUXFKRPRĞFL
SRGREQLHMDNQDSR]QDĔVNLHMĝUyGFHUyZQLHĪ]GDU]Dá\VLĊ]MDZLVNDGXĪHMNRQ- FHQWUDFMLG]LDáDĔSU\ZDWQHJRNDSLWDáXLQZHVW\F\MQHJRZSRV]F]HJyOQ\FKEXG\Q- NDFK=DSHZQHE\áDWRUHDNFMDQDSR]\W\ZQą]PLDQĊLFKDWUDNF\MQRĞFLLSRWHQ- FMDáXZ]URVWXZDUWRĞFLU\QNRZHMG]LĊNLUHZLWDOL]DFMLSU]HVWU]HQLSXEOLF]QHM7R
V]F]HJyOQLHLQWHUHVXMąF\ZąWHNVSRáHF]QRHNRQRPLF]Q\
&DáNRZLWDOLF]EDEXG\QNyZZNWyU\FKZRJyOHZEDGDQ\PF]DVLHRGQRWR- ZDQRWUDQVDNFMHWRQDXOLF\&KUREUHJRLQDXOLF\ĝZ:LQFHQWHJR1D
SRWU]HE\DQDOL]\X]QDQRĪHV\WXDFMHZNWyU\FKRGQRWRZDQRZLĊFHMQLĪGZLH
WUDQVDNFMHNXSQDVSU]HGDĪ\ZW\PVDP\PURNXZMHGQ\PEXG\QNXĞZLDGF]ą
RSRQDGSU]HFLĊWQ\P]DLQWHUHVRZDQLXNRQNUHWQ\PRELHNWHPEXGRZODQ\PàąF]- QLHZODWDFK±RGQRWRZDQRG]LHZLĊüWDNLFKV\WXDFML]F]HJRGRMHG- QHM GRV]áR Z EXG\QNX QD XOLF\ &KUREUHJR D RVLHP Z EXG\QNDFK QD XOLF\
ĝZ :LQFHQWHJR :REHF W\FK IDNWyZ ZLGDü ]GHF\GRZDQLH VLOQLHMV]H SURFHV\
NRQFHQWUDFMLQRZHJRNDSLWDáXLQZHVW\F\MQHJRZRELHNWDFK]ORNDOL]RZDQ\FKQD
XOLF\ĝZ:LQFHQWHJR6\WXDFMDWDNDQDVWąSLáDZRNRáREXG\QNyZZNWy- U\FKVSU]HGDQRPLHV]NDQLDQDWHMXOLF\7HJRW\SX]DFKRZDQLDE\á\QDMF]ĊVWV]H
:\NUHV /LF]ED WUDQVDNFML Z ]DVREDFK PLHV]NDQLRZ\FK 1DG- RGU]HXO&KUREUHJRLXOĝZ:LQFHQWHJRODWD±
ħUyGáR 2SUDFRZDQLH ZáDVQH QD SRGVWDZLH 5HMHVWUX &HQ L :DUWRĞFL 1LHUXFKRPRĞFL
ZH:URFáDZLX
5HZLWDOL]DFMD]SHUVSHNW\Z\U\QNXQLHUXFKRPRĞFLQDSU]\NáDG]LHSR]QDĔVNLHMĝUyGNL« 99 ZURNXNLHG\RGQRWRZDQR]DNXSDĪPLHV]NDĔZF]WHUHFKEXG\QNDFK
: NRQWHNĞFLH DQDOL]RZDQHJR ]MDZLVND V]F]HJyOQLH FLHNDZH Z\GDMą VLĊ GZD
RELHNW\ Z MHGQ\P ] QLFK XOLFD &KUREUHJR Z URNX VSU]HGDQRNXSLRQR
V]HĞü PLHV]NDĔ D Z GUXJLP XOLFD ĝZ:LQFHQWHJR Z URNX VSU]HGDQR
NXSLRQRSLĊüPLHV]NDĔ&DáRĞü]UHNRQVWUXRZDQHJRREUD]XSRGREQLHMDNQDXOL- F\%\GJRVNLHMZ3R]QDQLXUyZQLHĪZH:URFáDZLXSRGSRZLDGDG]LDáDQLDVSH- NXODF\MQH=DVDGQLF]RQDMEDUG]LHMRĪ\ZLRQHUHDNFMHU\QNXORNDOQHJR1DGRGU]D
QDVWąSLá\ZURNX
=EDGDQH ]DVRE\ PLHV]NDQLRZH QD ZURFáDZVNLP 1DGRGU]X Vą SRGREQH GR
ĞUyGHFNLFKZ3R]QDQLX±UyZQLHĪQLHVąGXĪHF]\NRPIRUWRZH7XWDMUR]ZLą]DQLD
WHFKQLF]QHLIXQNFMRQDOQRXĪ\WNRZHWDNĪHSR]RVWDZLDMąZLHOHGRĪ\F]HQLD&R
ZLĊFHMPLHV]NDĔF\1DGRGU]DZVND]\ZDOLQDIDVDGRZ\FKDUDNWHUSURFHVyZUHZL- WDOL]DFMLZNWyU\FKVNRQFHQWURZDQRVLĊQDZ\JOąG]LHHOHZDFMLNDPLHQLF=QDF]- QDF]ĊĞü]DVREyZMHVW]GHNDSLWDOL]RZDQDQDW\OHĪHZ\PDJDJUXQWRZQHJRUH- PRQWXZHZQąWU]ORNDOLPLHV]NDOQ\FK3RZLHU]FKQLDXĪ\WNRZDPLHV]NDĔNWyUH
]QDOD]á\VLĊZEDGDQ\PRNUHVLHZREURFLHU\QNRZ\PE\áDQLHZLHONDĝUHGQLD
SRZLHU]FKQLDVLĊJQĊáDPDMHMPHGLDQDZ\QLRVáDP2ND]Dá\VLĊ
RQH]DWHPQDZHWPQLHMV]HQLĪQDĝUyGFHZ3R]QDQLX=UyĪQLFRZDQLHZLHONRĞFL
PLHV]NDĔZH:URFáDZLXE\áRXPLDUNRZDQH
7DEHOD &KDUDNWHU\VW\ND FHQ FDáNRZLW\FK VSU]HGDQ\FK
PLHV]NDĔ 1DGRGU]H XO &KUREUHJR L XO ĝZ :LQFHQWHJR
ODWD±
&HQDFDáNRZLWDPLHV]NDQLD>3/1@
ĝUHGQLD
0HGLDQD
0DNV\PDOQD
0LQLPDOQD
2GFK\OHQLHVWDQGDUGRZH 87 111
:VSyáF]\QQLN]PLHQQRĞFL
ħUyGáR2SUDFRZDQLHZáDVQHQDSRGVWDZLH5HMHVWUX&HQL:DUWRĞFL1LHUXFKRPR- ĞFLZH:URFáDZLX
ĝUHGQLD FHQD MHGQRVWNRZD PLHV]NDĔ Z\VWĊSXMąF\FK Z REURFLH Z ODWDFK
± QD XO &KUREUHJR L ĝZ :LQFHQWHJR ZH :URFáDZLX XNV]WDáWRZDáD
VLĊQDSR]LRPLH]áPQDWRPLDVWPHGLDQDFHQ\MHGQRVWNRZHM±]á
m5R]SLĊWRĞüFHQMHGQRVWNRZ\FKVLĊJDáDRGGR]áP, przy czym ]UyĪQLFRZDQLH FHQ MHGQRVWNRZ\FK PLHU]RQH RGFK\OHQLHP VWDQGDUGRZ\P QLH
E\áRGXĪH]áPFRSU]HáRĪ\áRVLĊQDGRĞüQLVNąZDUWRĞüNODV\F]- QHJR ZVSyáF]\QQLND ]PLHQQRĞFL &HQ\ MHGQRVWNRZH PLHV]NDĔ ]EDGDQ\FK ZH
:URFáDZLXE\á\QLHFREDUG]LHM]UyĪQLFRZDQHQLĪFHQ\RGQRWRZDQHZ3R]QDQLX
0DUHN1RZDN6áDZRPLU3DOLFNL
&HQ\FDáNRZLWHVSU]HGDQ\FKZ1DGRGU]XPLHV]NDĔZVND]XMąQDW\SRZ\SR- ]LRPNDSLWDáRFKáRQQRĞFLSRMHG\QF]HJRORNDOXZJUDQLFDFK±W\V]áFR
R]QDF]DĪHE\á\RRNRáR±WDĔV]HQLĪZ]EDGDQ\FKSU]\SDGNDFKZ3R- ]QDQLXWDELWDE
2ND]DáR VLĊ ĪH QD WOH WHQGHQFML FHQRZ\FK Z FDá\P:URFáDZLX Vą WR ]DVR- E\ Z\PDJDMąFH UHODW\ZQLH QLHZLHONLFK QDNáDGyZ ¿QDQVRZ\FK SU]\ ]DNXSLH
Z\NUHV &HQD MHGQRVWNRZD ]DVREyZ QD 1DGRGU]X ]Z\NOH NV]WDáWRZDáD VLĊ
SU]\QDMPQLHMQLĪHMRGĞUHGQLHMGOD:URFáDZLD1DOHĪ\WXSU]\SRPQLHüĪH
PLHV]NDQLDZNLONXNDPLHQLFDFKE\á\GRĞüJZDáWRZQLHQDE\ZDQHFRPRĪHVX- JHURZDü]DNXS\VSHNXODF\MQH
7DEHOD =PLDQ\ L G\QDPLND FHQ P2 VSU]HGDQ\FK PLHV]NDĔ QD WOH DNW\ZQRĞFL
PLNURU\QNX QLHUXFKRPRĞFL Z SRG]LDOH QD NROHMQH ODWD 1DGRGU]H XO &KUREUHJR
LXOĝZ:LQFHQWHJRODWD±
5RN
ĝUHGQLDFHQDP
>3/1P@ 3387
'\QDPLNDFHQSR- przedni okres z odnoto- ZDQ\PLWUDQVDNFMDPL
>@
±
/LF]EDWUDQVDNFML 7 9 11 6 11 9 7
ħUyGáR2SUDFRZDQLHZáDVQHQDSRGVWDZLH5HMHVWUX&HQL:DUWRĞFL1LHUXFKRPRĞFLZH:URFáDZLX
3U]\SDGHN ZURFáDZVNLHJR 1DGRGU]D SRND]XMH ĪH QD U\QNX QLHUXFKRPR- ĞFL WUXGQR QD GáXĪV]ą PHWĊ Ī\ZLü LQZHVWRUyZ MHG\QLH QDG]LHMą QD GXĪH ]PLD- Q\Z\QLNDMąFH]SURFHVyZUHZLWDOL]DF\MQ\FK7DNLVWDQDQW\F\SDFML]PLDQPRĪH
VLĊ XWU]\P\ZDü RNUHVRZR FR E\áR ZLGRF]QH QD U\QNX 1DGRGU]D MDNR RF]HNL- ZDQLH ÄZVWU]\PDQLH RGGHFKX´ Z ODWDFK ± SR MHGQRUD]RZ\P VNRNX
FHQZURNX.UyWNLHZ\EXFK\HPRFMLU\QNRZ\FK]SHZQRĞFLąREVHUZRZD- QRZURNXL±MHV]F]HZ\UDĨQLHM±ZNLHG\QRWRZDQR]DUyZQRZ]URVW
FHQMDNL]ZLĊNV]HQLHDNW\ZQRĞFLPLHU]RQHOLF]EąWUDQVDNFMLWDEZ\NUHV
LZ\NUHV
:EUHZ]DFKRZDQLRPU\QNRZ\PZFDá\P:URFáDZLXQDWHUHQLH1DGRGU]D
URN E\á RVWDWQLP NLHG\ FHQ\ PLHV]NDĔ URVá\7\PF]DVHP JHQHUDOQLH ZH
:URFáDZLX Z URNX NRĔF]\ VLĊ RNUHV VSDGNyZ FHQ :\GDMH VLĊ ĪH EUDN
NRQNUHWQ\FKLQIUDVWUXNWXUDOQ\FKGRQLRVá\FKG]LDáDĔRFKDUDNWHU]HQLHW\ONRZL- ]HUXQNRZ\PLHVWHW\F]Q\PXV\SLDU\QHNQLHUXFKRPRĞFL7DNLEUDNZ\PLHUQ\FK
GáXJR RGG]LDáXMąF\FK ERGĨFyZ UHZLWDOL]DF\MQ\FK ZSUDZG]LH Z\JDV]D UHDNFMH
VSHNXODF\MQH DOH QLH ]DSHZQLD VXNFHVX HNRQRPLF]QHJR RGQRZ\ PLDVWD 0RĪ- QDSRZLHG]LHüĪHUHZLWDOL]DFMDZDQDOL]RZDQHMF]ĊĞFL:URFáDZLDQLHZ\ZRáDáD
5HZLWDOL]DFMD]SHUVSHNW\Z\U\QNXQLHUXFKRPRĞFLQDSU]\NáDG]LHSR]QDĔVNLHMĝUyGNL«
ZLHONLFK]PLDQQDORNDOQ\PU\QNXQLHUXFKRPRĞFLSR]DPLHMVFRZ\PLHIHNWDPL
¿OWHULQJXZ\UDĨQHJRZZ\EUDQ\FKNDPLHQLFDFKĝUHGQLRURF]QDG\QDPLNDFHQ\
MHGQRVWNRZHMPLHV]NDĔZ1DGRGU]XXNV]WDáWRZDáDVLĊQDSR]LRPLHSU]\
F]\PZFDá\P:URFáDZLX±DZLĊFWUXGQRVLĊGRV]XNLZDüVSHNWDNXODUQH- JRHIHNWXGRJDQLDQLDFKRüE\SU]HFLĊWQHMDWUDNF\MQRĞFL]DVREyZPLHV]NDQLRZ\FK
:\NUHV&HQ\MHGQRVWNRZHPLHV]NDĔQD1DGRGU]XXO&KUREUHJRLĝZ:LQFHQ- WHJRLZFDá\P:URFáDZLXODWD±
ħUyGáR2SUDFRZDQLHZáDVQHQDSRGVWDZLH1%3RUD]5HMHVWUX&HQL:DUWRĞFL1LHUXFKRPRĞFLZH:URFáDZLX
:\NUHV'\QDPLNDFHQ\P2VSU]HGDQ\FKPLHV]NDĔ±1DG- RGU]HXO&KUREUHJRLXOĝZ:LQFHQWHJRYV:URFáDZ
ħUyGáR2SUDFRZDQLHZáDVQHQDSRGVWDZLH1%3RUD]5HMHVWUX&HQL:DUWRĞFL1LH- UXFKRPRĞFLZH:URFáDZLX