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(1)‘ʹȋ͹ͳȌʹͲͳͺ.

(2) ʹͷͶͶǦ͹Ͳ͸ͺ. BEZPIECZNY. .

(3) No 2(71) 2018. ISSN 2544-7068. BEZPIECZNY.  SAFE BANK.

(4) SAFE BANK‹•ƒŒ‘—”ƒŽ’—„Ž‹•Š‡†„›–Š‡ƒ —ƒ”ƒ–‡‡ —†•‹ ‡ͳͻͻ͹Ǥ

(5) –‹•†‡˜‘–‡†–‘ ‹••—‡•‘ˆϐ‹ƒ ‹ƒŽ•–ƒ„‹Ž‹–›ǡ™‹–Šƒ’ƒ”–‹ —Žƒ”‡’Šƒ•‹•‘–Š‡„ƒ‹‰•›•–‡Ǥ. EDITORIAL OFFICE ’”‘ˆǤ ƒœƒ„‡ŽƒÑ œ›Ȃ†‹–‘”‹Š‹‡ˆ ’”‘ˆǤƒÏ‰‘”œƒ–ƒ

(6) ™ƒ‹ œǦ”‘œ†‘™•ƒ ’”‘ˆǤ›•œƒ”†‘‘•œ œ›Ñ•‹ ’”‘ˆǤ‘‹ƒƒ” ‹‘™•ƒ ’”‘ˆǤ™ƒ‹Žƒ•œ‡™•ƒ ’”‘ˆǤ”œ›•œ–‘ˆ’‘Ž•‹ †”™ƒ—Ž‹Ñ•ƒǦƒ†Ï‘ Šƒ ™ƒ‡Ž‡Ă›Ñ•ƒȂ‡ ”‡–ƒ”› SCIENTIFIC AND PROGRAMME COUNCIL ‹‘–”‘™ƒȂ’”œ‡™‘†‹ œ¦ › ’”‘ˆǤƒ‘Žƒ‘‰‹‹ ’”‘ˆǤƒ–‹ƒ‰‘ƒ”„‘ǦƒŽ˜‡”†‡ ’”‘ˆǤƒ”‹—•œ ‹Žƒ” ’”‘ˆǤ—‰‡‹—•œ ƒ–ƒ” ’”‘ˆǤ†”œ‡Œ ‘•’‘†ƒ”‘™‹ œ ’”‘ˆǤ‡•œ‡ƒ™Ï‘™‹ œ ”œ›•œ–‘ˆ‹‡–”ƒ•œ‹‡™‹ œ †œ‹•Ïƒ™‘ƒŽ ’”‘ˆǤƒˆƒÏ—”ƒ ŽŽƒ”–‹ Ž‡•’—„Ž‹•Š‡†‹Dz dzƒ”‡”‡˜‹‡™‡†Ǥ ŽŽƒ”–‹ Ž‡•’”‡•‡––Š‡‘’‹‹‘•‘ˆ–Š‡ƒ—–Š‘”•ƒ†•Š‘—Ž†‘–„‡ ‘•–”—‡†–‘„‡ƒ‘ˆϐ‹ ‹ƒŽ ’‘•‹–‹‘‘ˆ. EDITOR ”›•–›ƒƒ™‡”•ƒ PUBLISHER ƒ‘™› —†—•œ ™ƒ”ƒ ›Œ› —ŽǤ•Ǥ

(7) ‰ƒ ‡‰‘ ƒƒ‘”—’‹Ͷ ͲͲǦͷͶ͸ƒ”•œƒ™ƒ SECRETARY ™ƒ‡Ž‡Ă›Ñ•ƒ ‡Ž‡’Š‘‡ǣʹʹͷͺ͵Ͳͺ͹ͺ ‡Ǧƒ‹Žǣ‡™ƒǤ–‡Ž‡œ›•ƒ̷„ˆ‰Ǥ’Ž.

(8) ƒˆ‡ƒʹȋ͹ͳȌʹͲͳͺ 

(9) ǣͳͲǤʹ͸͵ͷͶȀ„„ǤͷǤʹǤ͹ͳǤʹͲͳͺ. Marcin Idzik*. ‘ ‹ƒŽ‡–‡”‹ƒ–•‘ˆ’‹‹‘•ƒ„‘—–ƒ•. Abstract Š‡‘„Œ‡ –‹˜‡‘ˆ–Š‡”‡•‡ƒ” Š™ƒ•–‘‹†‡–‹ˆ›ƒ†•‡Ž‡ –Š‘‘‰‡‡‘—••‡‰‡–•‘ˆ ‘•—‡”•‹ –‡”•‘ˆ–Š‡‹” ‘’‡–‡ ‡‘–Š‡ƒ”‡–‘ˆ–Š‡ϐ‹ƒ ‹ƒŽ•‡”˜‹ ‡•ǡƒ•™‡ŽŽƒ•–‘‡˜ƒŽ—ƒ–‡–Š‡‹Ǧ ϐŽ—‡ ‡‘ˆ–Š‡ ‘•—‡”•ǯ‡ ‘‘‹  ‘’‡–‡ ‡‘–Š‡”‡Žƒ–‹‘•™‹–Š„ƒ•ǤŠ‡•‘ ‹‘†‡‘‰”ƒǦ ’Š‹ ˆ‡ƒ–—”‡•ƒ•™‡ŽŽƒ•–Š‡’Žƒ ‡–Šƒ––Š‡ ‘•—‡”‘ —’‹‡•™‹–Š‹–Š‡•‘ ‹ƒŽ•–”— –—”‡•’”‘˜‹†‡ ƒ’‘‘”‡š’Žƒƒ–‹‘‘ˆ–Š‡‡˜ƒŽ—ƒ–‹‘‘ˆ–Š‡„ƒ•Ǥ’‹‹‘•ƒ„‘—–„ƒ•ƒ”‡’‘‘”Ž› ‘””‡Žƒ–‡† ™‹–Š–Š‡•‘ ‹‘Ǧ‡ ‘‘‹ •–ƒ–—•‘ˆ–Š‡ ‘•—‡”ǤŠ‡”‡‹•ƒ™‡ƒ”‡Žƒ–‹‘•Š‹’„‡–™‡‡–Š‡‡ ‘Ǧ ‘‹ •–ƒ–—•‘ˆ–Š‡ ‘•—‡”ƒ†Š‹•ȀŠ‡”‡ ‘‘‹  ‘’‡–‡ ‡ǤŠ‡”‡‹•ƒ•–”‘‰ ‘””‡Žƒ–‹‘ „‡–™‡‡–Š‡‡ ‘‘‹  ‘’‡–‡ ‡‘ˆƒ ‘•—‡”ƒ†–Š‡‘˜‡”ƒŽŽ‡˜ƒŽ—ƒ–‹‘‘ˆ–Š‡„ƒ•Ǥ ‘—” Š‘‘‰‡‡‘—•‰”‘—’•‘ˆ ‘•—‡”•™‡”‡•‡Ž‡ –‡†‹–‡”•‘ˆ‡ ‘‘‹  ‘’‡–‡ ‡ǣ‡ŽˆǦ‡š Ž—Ǧ †‡†ȋͳ͹ΨȌǡ‹–‡”‡•–‡†ȋͶͺΨȌǡ‡ ‘†Ǧ”ƒ–‡”•ȋ͵ͲΨȌǡƒ†‡ƒ†‡”•ȋ͸ΨȌǤŠ‡•‡‰‡–ƒ–‹‘™ƒ• ‘†— –‡†—•‹‰Žƒ–‡– Žƒ••ƒƒŽ›•‹•ȋȌǤŠ‡Žƒ–‡– Žƒ••ƒƒŽ›•‹•‡ƒ„Ž‡†‘‡–‘‹†‡–‹ˆ›–Š‡ •—„–›’‡•‘ˆ–Š‡‹–‡” ‘‡ –‡†ˆ‡ƒ–—”‡•™Š‹ Šƒ”‡—‘„•‡”˜‡†‹–Š‡–”ƒ†‹–‹‘ƒŽ‘†‡ŽǤŠ‡•‘—”Ǧ ‡‘ˆ–Š‡‡’‹”‹ ƒŽ†ƒ–ƒ‹• ‘’”‹•‡†‘ˆ–Š‡ϐ‹‡Ž†”‡•‡ƒ” Š”‡•—Ž–• ‘†— –‡†„›–Š‡

(10) ‡–Š‘† ‘ƒƒ–‹‘™‹†‡”‡’”‡•‡–ƒ–‹˜‡•ƒ’Ž‡‘ˆ–Š‡”‡•‹†‡–•‘ˆ‘Žƒ†ǡα͵ͲͲͲǤ Key words:‡ ‘‘‹  ‘’‡–‡ ‡ǡ„ƒƒ••‡••‡–ǡ–›’‘Ž‘‰‹ ƒŽ Žƒ••‹ϐ‹ ƒ–‹‘ǡŽƒ–‡– Žƒ•• ‘†‡Ž. 1. Introduction

(11) ƒ” ŠʹͲͳ͹ǡ–Š‡‘Ž‹•Šƒ••‘ ‹ƒ–‹‘‹ˆ‘”‡†–Šƒ––Š‡”‡’—–ƒ–‹‘‹†‡šǡ‹ǡ‘ˆ –Š‡‘Ž‹•Š„ƒ‹‰•‡ –‘”ƒ‘—–‡†–‘͵ͺ’‘‹–•Ȅƒ›Ȁ›‰”‘™–Š‘ˆ͹’‘‹–•ȏ‹œ‡”—‡ǥ ʹͲͳ͹ȐǤ––Š‡•ƒ‡–‹‡ǡˆ”‘–Š‹•”‡•‡ƒ” Š™‡Šƒ˜‡ƒŽ•‘Ž‡ƒ”‡†–Šƒ––Š‡”‡‹•ƒŠ‹‰Š †‹˜‡”•‹ϐ‹ ƒ–‹‘ ‘ˆ –Š‡ •‘ ‹ƒŽ ‡˜ƒŽ—ƒ–‹‘ ‘ˆ –Š‡ „ƒ•ǯ ”‡’—–ƒ–‹‘Ǥ ͵ͺΨ ‘ˆ –Š‡ •‘ ‹‡–› ‡˜ƒŽ—ƒ–‡–Š‡„ƒ•ǯ”‡’—–ƒ–‹‘™‡ŽŽ‘”˜‡”›™‡ŽŽǡ™Š‡”‡ƒ•͵ͶΨ–Š‹‘ˆ‹–ƒ•ƒ˜‡”ƒ‰‡ ƒ†–Š‡”‡•–ƒ•’‘‘”‘”˜‡”›’‘‘”ȏ‘’”ƒ™ƒǥʹͲͳ͹ȐǤ ”‘–Š‡ƒ–ƒ””‡•‡ƒ” Š ™‡Šƒ˜‡Ž‡ƒ”‡†–Šƒ–͵ͳΨ‘ˆ–Š‡ —•–‘‡”•‡˜ƒŽ—ƒ–‡†™‡ŽŽ–Š‡“—ƒŽ‹–›‘ˆ ‘‘’‡”ƒ–‹‘ ȗ. ƒ” ‹

(12) †œ‹™‘”•ƒ– ƒ —Ž–›‘ˆ ‘‘‹  ‹‡ ‡•ǡƒ”•ƒ™‹˜‡”•‹–›‘ˆ‹ˆ‡ ‹‡ ‡ȋ. ȌǤ. ͻ͸.

(13) ƒˆ‡ƒʹȋ͹ͳȌʹͲͳͺ. ”‘„Ž‡•ƒ†’‹‹‘•. ™‹–Š–Š‡„ƒǣ͵ͶΨ‡˜ƒŽ—ƒ–‡†‹–˜‡”›™‡ŽŽǡʹͶΨȄ‡š ‡ŽŽ‡–Ž›ǡƒ†ƒ‡†‹‘ ”‡‘”’‘‘” • ‘”‡™ƒ•‰‹˜‡„›ͻΨ‘ˆ–Š‡„ƒ —•–‘‡”•ȏ‘‘ ‹ƒ•‡ʹͲͳ͹ȐǤ—„Ž‹ ƒ–‹‘•‘ˆ –Š‹• ‹† —•—ƒŽŽ› ‡˜‘‡ —Ž–‹’Ž‡ ‘‡–•ǡ ‘•–Ž› ƒ„‘—– –Š‡ „—•‹‡•• •‡ –‘” ™Š‹ Š ‡ƒ”‡† •— Š ”ƒ–‹‰ǡ ”‡‰ƒ”†Ž‡•• ‘ˆ ™Š‡–Š‡” –Š‡ ”ƒ–‹‰ ‹• ‰‘‘† ‘” „ƒ†Ǥ ‘™‡˜‡”ǡ –Š‡ “—‡•–‹‘• ‘ ‡”‹‰–Š‡•‘ ‹ƒŽ†‡–‡”‹ƒ–•‘ˆ–Š‹•ǡƒ†‘––Š‡‘–Š‡”‡˜ƒŽ—ƒ–‹‘‘ˆ–Š‡ ”‡’—–ƒ–‹‘‘ˆ–Š‡„ƒ‹‰•‡ –‘”ǡ”‡ƒ‹—ƒ•™‡”‡†Ǥ ‘”†‹‰–‘ƒœƒ”ǡ–Š‡‡˜ƒŽ—ƒ–‹‘ ˆ‘”—Žƒ–‡†„›–Š‡’—„Ž‹ ‘’‹‹‘‹•ƒ’”‘ ‡••‘ˆ ‘’Ž‡š ‘—‹ ƒ–‹‘™Š‹ Š‹ Ž—†‡• ’‡”•‘ƒŽ‡š’‡”‹‡ ‡•ǡ’‘’—Žƒ”‘’‹‹‘•ǡ ‘’‡–‡ ‡ƒ•™‡ŽŽƒ••—‹–ƒ„Ž‡‡ Šƒ‹••‘ˆ –Š‡‡†‹ƒȏƒœƒ”ͳͻͻͷȐǤŽ‡‹†ƒ‹•‘ˆ–Š‡‘’‹‹‘–Šƒ––Š‡”‡‹•ƒ ‘’Ž‡š‡ Šƒ‹• ‘ˆˆ‘”—Žƒ–‹‰‘’‹‹‘•ƒ†˜‹‡™•ȏŽ‡‹†ƒʹͲͲ͹Ȑǡ™Š‡”‡–Š‡ˆ‘ŽŽ‘™‹‰‡Ž‡‡–•’Žƒ› –Š‡‡›”‘Ž‡ǡƒ‡Ž›ǣ•‘ ‹ƒŽ†‡–‡”‹ƒ–•ǡ™‘”Ž†‘—–Ž‘‘ǡ•–‡”‡‘–›’‡•ƒ†’”‡Œ—†‹ ‡•ǡ ’‘’—Žƒ”˜‹‡™•ǡ’‡”•‘ƒŽ‡š’‡”‹‡ ‡•ǡ‘’‹‹‘Ǧˆ‘”‹‰ƒ –‹˜‹–‹‡•ǡ ‘’‡–‡ ‡‹ƒ‰‹˜‡ ƒ––‡”ǡ‡†— ƒ–‹‘ƒ†‘™Ž‡†‰‡Ǥ Š‡Œ—•–‹ϐ‹ ƒ–‹‘ˆ‘”ƒ„”‘ƒ†‡”ƒ’’”‘ƒ Š‹–Š‡•‘ ‹ƒŽ‡˜ƒŽ—ƒ–‹‘‘ˆ–Š‡„ƒ• ƒ „‡ˆ‘—†‹–Š‡‰”‘™‹‰–”‡†™Š‹ Š–ƒ‡•‹–‡”‡•–‹–Š‡‹ϐŽ—‡ ‡‘ˆ–Š‡Š—ƒ ˆƒ –‘”‘–Š‡•‘ ‹ƒŽƒ†‡ ‘‘‹ ’”‘ ‡••‡•ǤŠ‹•‹•‡š’”‡••‡†‹ƒˆƒ ––Šƒ–‘”‡ ƒ†‘”‡’‡‘’Ž‡–‡†–‘ƒ ‡’––Šƒ––Š‡–Š‡‘”›‘ˆŠ—ƒƒ••‡–•’Žƒ›•ƒ‹’‘”–ƒ– ”‘Ž‡ ‹ ‡š’Žƒ‹‹‰ ƒ† ’Žƒ‹‰ ƒ –‹˜‹–‹‡• ‘ˆ †‹ˆˆ‡”‡– ‘”‰ƒ‹œƒ–‹‘•Ǥ Š‹• –”‡† ƒŽ•‘ Œ—•–‹ϐ‹‡• –Š‡ ’”‘‰”ƒ• ‘ˆ ‡ ‘‘‹  ‡†— ƒ–‹‘ ‘ˆ –Š‡ •‘ ‹‡–› ȏ‘ŽŽ‹• ʹͲͳ͵ǡ ‹ŽŽ‡”ǡ‡‹ Š‡Ž•–‡‹ǡƒŽƒ•ƒ†‹ŽƒŽ‹ƒʹͲͳͷȐǤ ‘”†‹‰–‘ ‡”ƒ†‡•ǡ‡–ƒŽǡ–Š‡Žƒ  ‘ˆ ‘’‡–‡ ‡ ƒ† –Š‡ ‰ƒ’ „‡–™‡‡ –Š‡ †‡•‹”‡† ‘’‡–‡ ‡ ƒ† ‹–• •–ƒ–—• “—‘ ”‡ƒ–‡ƒˆ‘—†ƒ–‹‘ˆ‘”ƒƒ‰‹‰–Š‡‘™‡†ƒ••‡–•™Š‹ Š‹•ˆƒ”ˆ”‘‘’–‹ƒŽƒ† ’”‡•‡”˜‹‰–Š‡•–‡”‡‘–›’‡•ȏ ‡”ƒ†‡•ǡ› Šǡ‡–‡‡›‡”ʹͲͳͶȐǤ ƒ††‹–‹‘ƒŽ‹•’‹”ƒ–‹‘–‘–ƒ‡—’–Š‹••—„Œ‡ –‹•–Š‡ ‘ Ž—•‹‘ǡ’”‡•‡–‡†„›–Š‡ ‘Ž‹•Š ƒ ••‘ ‹ƒ–‹‘ †—”‹‰ ƒ ’”‡•• ‘ˆ‡”‡ ‡ ‘ ’”‹Ž ʹͷǡ ʹͲͳ͹ǡ ‡š’Žƒ‹‹‰ –Š‡ Š‹‰Š †‹˜‡”•‹ϐ‹ ƒ–‹‘ ‘ˆ –Š‡ ‡˜ƒŽ—ƒ–‹‘ ‘ˆ –Š‡ ”‡’—–ƒ–‹‘ ‘ˆ –Š‡ „ƒ‹‰ •‡ –‘” ‘–Š‡‰”‘—†•‘ˆ–Š‡•‘ ‹ƒŽ†‡–‡”‹ƒ–•ǣ“High indications as regards the level of knowledge, experience in using the banking services and the ϔinancial competence of the customers have a very strong relation with the evaluations of the banks’ reputation, (…). The low indications as regards the reputation are accompanied by relatively low indications in terms of being interested in the information about banks, low level of ϔinancial knowledge and no motivation to expand it as well as using ϔinancial products only to a small extent”ȏ‘’”ƒ™ƒǥʹͲͳ͹ȐǤ Š‡‘„Œ‡ –‹˜‡‘ˆ–Š‹•’ƒ’‡”‹•–‘‹†‡–‹ˆ›ƒ†•‡Ž‡ –•–Š‡Š‘‘‰‡‡‘—• ‘•—‡” •‡‰‡–•‹–‡”•‘ˆ–Š‡‹” ‘’‡–‡ ‡‘–Š‡ƒ”‡–‘ˆϐ‹ƒ ‹ƒŽ•‡”˜‹ ‡•ƒ•™‡ŽŽ ƒ•–‘‡˜ƒŽ—ƒ–‡–Š‡‹ϐŽ—‡ ‡‘ˆ–Š‡ ‘’‡–‹–‘”•ǯ —•–‘‡”•‘–Š‡’‡” ‡’–‹‘‘ˆ–Š‡ „ƒ•‹‘Žƒ†Ǥ‘”‡‘˜‡”ǡ–Š‹•’ƒ’‡”•‘—‰Š–ƒ•™‡”•–‘–Š‡ˆ‘ŽŽ‘™‹‰“—‡•–‹‘•ǣ‘ ™Šƒ–‡š–‡–†‘‡•–Š‡•‘ ‹‘Ǧ‡ ‘‘‹ •–ƒ–—•†‹˜‡”•‹ˆ›–Š‡‘’‹‹‘•ƒ„‘—––Š‡„ƒ•ǫ ‘™†‘‡•–Š‡‡ ‘‘‹  ‘’‡–‡ ‡‘ˆƒ ‘•—‡”‹ϐŽ—‡ ‡–Š‡‡˜ƒŽ—ƒ–‹‘‘ˆ–Š‡ „ƒ•ǫ ”‡ –Š‡”‡ ƒ› ”‡Žƒ–‹‘•Š‹’• „‡–™‡‡ –Š‡ ‡ ‘‘‹  •–ƒ–—• ‘ˆ ƒ ‘•—‡” ƒ† Š‹•ȀŠ‡” ‡ ‘‘‹  ‘’‡–‡ ‡ǫ Š‡ ‘ Ž—•‹‘• ‹ –Š‹• ”‡‰ƒ”† ƒ› •‡”˜‡ –‘ „‡––‡”Ž‡ƒ”–Š‡ ‘’Ž‡š•‘ ‹ƒŽ’Š‡‘‡ƒ‘–Š‡ϐ‹ƒ ‹ƒŽƒ”‡–ǡ–‘•—’’‘”––Š‡ ‘—‹ ƒ–‹‘’”‘ ‡••ƒ†’Žƒ‹‰–Š‡‡†— ƒ–‹‘ƒŽ’”‘‰”ƒ•Ǥ. ͻ͹.

(14) ƒˆ‡ƒʹȋ͹ͳȌʹͲͳͺ. ”‘„Ž‡•ƒ†’‹‹‘•. 2. Research methodology Š‡‡ƒ‹‰‘ˆ–Š‡–‡” ‘’‡–‡ ‡‹•‘–†‡ϐ‹‡†’”‡ ‹•‡Ž›ǡƒ†‹–‹•ˆ”‡“—‡–Ž› —†‡”•–‘‘††‹ˆˆ‡”‡–Ž›ȏ‹ƒÏ‡ ‹ʹͲͲ͸ǡ—„‘‹•ǡ‘–Š™‡ŽŽʹͲͲͺȐǤŠ‡‘•–ˆ”‡“—‡– —†‡”•–ƒ†‹‰‘ˆ–Š‡‘–‹‘Dz ‘’‡–‡ ‡dz‹•ƒ•‡–‘ˆ ‡”–ƒ‹•‹ŽŽ•ǡ‘™Ž‡†‰‡ƒ† ƒ––‹–—†‡•™Š‹ Šƒ‡ƒ ‘’‡–‡–’‡”•‘„‡ƒ„Ž‡–‘ ‘’‡™‹–Š†‹˜‡”•‡ǡ‹’‘”–ƒ– ƒ† –›’‹ ƒŽ Ž‹ˆ‡ –ƒ••Ǥ ‡ ‘ˆ –Š‡ —”‘’‡ƒ ‘— ‹Žǯ• †‘ —‡–• ’”‘’‘•‡• –‘ —†‡”•–ƒ†–Š‡‘–‹‘Dz ‘’‡–‡ ‡dzƒ•Dzbroadskills based on knowledge, experience, values and inclinations gained as a result of educational inϔluencesdzȏ‘’‡–‡ Œ‡ǥ ʹͲͲʹȐǤ

(15) –Š‡”‡ ‘‡†ƒ–‹‘‘ˆ–Š‡—”‘’‡ƒƒ”Ž‹ƒ‡–ƒ†–Š‡‘— ‹Ž‘ˆ–Š‡ —”‘’‡ƒ ‹‘ǡ †ƒ–‡† ‡ ‡„‡” ͳͺǡ ʹͲͲ͸ǡ –Š‡ ‘–‹‘ Dz ‘’‡–‡ ‡dz ‹• †‡ϐ‹‡† ƒ• ƒ ‘„‹ƒ–‹‘ ‘ˆ ‘™Ž‡†‰‡ǡ •‹ŽŽ• ƒ† ƒ––‹–—†‡• •—‹–ƒ„Ž‡ ˆ‘” ƒ •‹–—ƒ–‹‘ ȏ‡› ‘’‡–‡ ‡•ǥʹͲͲ͹ȐǤ ‘”†‹‰–‘–Š‡†‡ϐ‹‹–‹‘‘ˆ–Š‡

(16) –‡”ƒ–‹‘ƒŽ‡–™‘”‘ ‹ƒ ‹ƒŽ†— ƒ–‹‘ȋ

(17)  Ȍƒ –‹‰™‹–Š‹ǡ–Š‡‡ ‘‘‹  ‘’‡–‡ ‡‡ƒ• Dza combination of awareness, knowledge, skills, attitudes and behavior necessary to make ϔinancial decisions and leading to reaching individual ϔinancial well-beingdz ȏ‡ƒ•—”‹‰ǥʹͲͳͳȐǤŠ‹•’ƒ’‡”–ƒ‡•‹–‘ƒ ‘—––Š‡ƒ„‘˜‡Ǧ‡–‹‘‡†ƒ”‡ƒ•ǡƒ† ˆ‘ŽŽ‘™‹‰ ”‹‡•‡ƒ††‡”•‘ƒ†

(18)  ǡ–Š‹•’ƒ’‡”ƒ†‘’–‡†–Šƒ–DzCompetence is deϔined as integrated usage of knowledge, skills, values, experiences, contacts, external sources of knowledge and tools for solving problems, carrying out different types of activities or coping in a given situation”ȏ ”‹‡•‡ǡ†‡”•‘ʹͲͲͶȐǤ Š‡‹

(19) †‡š™ƒ•—•‡†–‘‡˜ƒŽ—ƒ–‡–Š‡‘’‹‹‘ƒ„‘—–„ƒ•ǤŠ‹•‹•ƒƒ‰‰”‡‰ƒ–‡† ‡ƒ•—”‡‘ˆ‘’‹‹‘•ƒ„‘—–„ƒ•™Š‹ Š‹ Ž—†‡•ϐ‹˜‡†‡–ƒ‹Ž‡†‹†‡š‡•–Šƒ–‡˜ƒŽ—ƒ–‡ǣ Ž‹‹‰‘ˆ–Š‡„ƒ•ǡ‘˜‡”ƒŽŽ‘’‹‹‘•ǡ‡˜ƒŽ—ƒ–‹‘‘ˆ–Š‡ϐ‹ƒ ‹ƒŽ”‡•—Ž–•ǡ–”—•–‹–Š‡ Ž‘‰”—ƒ•™‡ŽŽƒ•–Š‡‡˜ƒŽ—ƒ–‹‘‘ˆ–Š‡“—ƒŽ‹–›‘ˆ–Š‡•‡”˜‹ ‡•ǤŠ‹•‹•ƒ™‡‹‰Š–‡† ”ƒ–‹‰ǤŠ‡‹

(20) †‡šˆƒŽŽ•™‹–Š‹–Š‡”ƒ‰‡ˆ”‘‹—•͸͸–‘ͳʹ͸’‘‹–•Ǥ ‘”‡• „‡Ž‘™ͳͺ’‘‹–•‡ƒƒ’‘‘””‡•—Ž–ƒ†• ‘”‡•‘˜‡”Ͷ͹’‘‹–•‡ƒƒ‰‘‘†”‡•—Ž–Ǥ  ‘”‡•„‡–™‡‡ͳͻƒ†Ͷ͸’‘‹–•ƒ”‡‘ƒƒ˜‡”ƒ‰‡Ž‡˜‡ŽǤ Š‡•‘—” ‡‘ˆ–Š‡‡’‹”‹ ƒŽ†ƒ–ƒ‹• ‘’”‹•‡†‘ˆ–Š‡ϐ‹‡Ž†”‡•‡ƒ” Š”‡•—Ž–• ‘†— –‡† „›–Š‡

(21) ‡–Š‘†‘ƒƒ–‹‘™‹†‡”‡’”‡•‡–ƒ–‹˜‡•ƒ’Ž‡‘ˆ–Š‡”‡•‹†‡–•‘ˆ‘Žƒ†ǡ α͵ͲͲͲǤŠ‹••ƒ’Ž‡™ƒ•‘ˆƒƒ–‹‘™‹†‡ƒ†”‡’”‡•‡–ƒ–‹˜‡ Šƒ”ƒ –‡”„›˜‘‹˜‘†•Š‹’ǡ •‹œ‡‘ˆ’Žƒ ‡‘ˆ”‡•‹†‡ ‡ǡ•‡šƒ†ƒ‰‡‘ˆ–Š‡”‡•’‘†‡–ǤŠ‡†ƒ–ƒ™ƒ•ƒƒŽ›œ‡†—•‹‰ –Š‡•›–ƒš˜‡”•‹‘‘ˆ–Š‡ƒ–‡– ͶǤͷ’”‘‰”ƒȏ‡”—–ǡƒ‰‹†•‘ʹͲͲͺȐǤ. ʹǤͳǤ‡–Š‘†‘Ž‘‰‹ ƒŽƒ••—’–‹‘•‘ˆ–Š‡Žƒ–‡– Žƒ••ƒƒŽ›•‹• ‹–Š Šƒ• ƒŽ”‡ƒ†› ™”‹––‡ ‹ ͳͻͷ͸ –Šƒ– Dzƒ”‡– •‡‰‡–ƒ–‹‘ ‹• ƒ Š‘‘‰‡‡‘—• ˜‹‡™‘ˆ–Š‡ƒ”‡–ƒ•ƒ•’‡ ‹ϐ‹ —„‡”‘ˆ•ƒŽŽ‡”Š‘‘‰‡‡‘—•ƒ”‡–•ƒ ‘”†‹‰ –‘ –Š‡‹” ”‡•’‘•‡• –‘ ’”‘†— – ’”‡ˆ‡”‡ ‡•dz ȏ‹–Š ͳͻͷ͸ȐǤ

(22)  ‘”†‡” –‘ †‡• ”‹„‡ –Š‡ ‡••‡ ‡ ‘ˆ –Š‡ •–—†‹‡† ’”‘ ‡••‡•ǡ ƒ Žƒ–‡– Žƒ•• ƒƒŽ›•‹• ™ƒ• ’”‘’‘•‡†Ǥ Š‡ ‘†— –‡†–›’‘Ž‘‰‹ ƒŽ Žƒ••‹ϐ‹ ƒ–‹‘™ƒ•‘ˆƒ†‡• ”‹’–‹˜‡ˆ— –‹‘Ǥ‡‰‡–•™‡”‡ ‹†‡–‹ϐ‹‡† ’‘•– Š‘  ƒˆ–‡” •‡Ž‡ –‹‰ –Š‡ •‡‰‡–ƒ–‹‘ ”‹–‡”‹ƒǤ ˆ–‡” •‡Ž‡ –‹‰ –Š‡. ͻͺ.

(23) ”‘„Ž‡•ƒ†’‹‹‘•. ƒˆ‡ƒʹȋ͹ͳȌʹͲͳͺ. •‡‰‡–•ǡƒ’”‘ϐ‹Ž‹‰’”‘ ‡†—”‡™ƒ• ƒ””‹‡†‘—–Ǥ

(24) –™ƒ•‡ ‡••ƒ”›–‘ƒ†‘’–ƒ’‘•– Š‘  ƒ’’”‘ƒ Š „‡ ƒ—•‡ ‹– ™ƒ• ‘– ’‘••‹„Ž‡ –‘ †‡ϐ‹‡ –Š‡ ˜ƒŽ—‡• ‘” Ž‡˜‡Ž• ‘ˆ –Š‡ •‡‰‡–ƒ–‹‘˜ƒ”‹ƒ„Ž‡•Ǥ Š‹•’ƒ’‡” ƒ””‹‡†‘—––Š‡•‡‰‡–ƒ–‹‘ƒƒŽ›•‹•—•‹‰ƒŽƒ–‡– Žƒ••ƒƒŽ›•‹•ȋȌǤ

(25)  ‘—” ƒ•‡ǡ –Š‡ •‡‰‡–• ™‡”‡ ‹†‡–‹ϐ‹‡† ’‘•– Š‘ ǡ ƒ† –Š‡ ‡ƒ•—”‡‡– ‘ˆ –Š‡ ”‹–‡”‹ƒ ‹ Ž—†‡† „‘–Š –Š‡ ‘„•‡”˜‡† ˆ‡ƒ–—”‡• ƒ• ™‡ŽŽ ƒ• –Š‡ †‹”‡ –Ž› ‡ƒ•—”ƒ„Ž‡ ‘‡• ȋ„‡Šƒ˜‹‘”ƒŽȌǤ Š‡ Žƒ••‹ϐ‹ ƒ–‹‘ ™ƒ• ’‡”ˆ‘”‡† „ƒ•‡† ‘ –Š‡ •—„Œ‡ –‹˜‡ ƒ† ‘„Œ‡ –‹˜‡ •‡‰‡–ƒ–‹‘Ǥ Š‡ •—„Œ‡ –‹˜‡ ”‹–‡”‹ƒ ‹ Ž—†‡ǣ –Š‡ ‘™Ž‡†‰‡ ƒ„‘—– ϐ‹ƒ ‡•ǡ‘‡ǯ•‹–‡”‡•–‹–Š‡„ƒ•ǯ‘ˆˆ‡”ǡ–Š‡ —””‡–‡š’‡”‹‡ ‡™‹–Š–Š‡„ƒ•ǡ ƒ† –Š‡ • ‘’‡ ‘ˆ —•‹‰ –Š‡ „ƒ•ǯ ‘ˆˆ‡”•Ǥ Š‡ ‘„Œ‡ –‹˜‡ ”‹–‡”‹ƒ ƒ”‡ –Š‡ ƒ”‡– ”‡ƒ –‹‘• ‘ˆ –Š‡ ‘•—‡”•ǡ ƒ‡Ž›ǣ –Š‡ ”‡ƒ –‹‘• –‘ –Š‡ ‡‡† –‘ ‹ ”‡ƒ•‡ ‘‡ǯ• ‡ ‘‘‹ ‘™Ž‡†‰‡ǡ•‡ŽˆǦ‡˜ƒŽ—ƒ–‹‘‘ˆ‘‡ǯ•‘™Ž‡†‰‡ǡ‹ Ž‹ƒ–‹‘–‘•‡ƒ” Šˆ‘” ‹ˆ‘”ƒ–‹‘ƒ„‘—––Š‡„ƒ•ƒ†•Šƒ”‹‰–Š‹•‹ˆ‘”ƒ–‹‘ǡ‡– ǤȌǤ

(26) –Š‡Žƒ–‡– Žƒ•• ƒƒŽ›•‹•–Š‡”‡•’‘†‡–‹•‘–’‡”ƒ‡–Ž›ƒ••‹‰‡†–‘ƒ•‡‰‡–ǡ„—–ƒ’”‘„ƒ„‹Ž‹–› ‘ˆ„‡‹‰ƒ••‹‰‡†–‘‡ƒ Š‘ˆ–Š‡•‡Ž‡ –‡†•‡‰‡–•‹• ƒŽ —Žƒ–‡†Ǥ Š‡Žƒ–‡– Žƒ••ƒƒŽ›•‹••‡”˜‡•–‘‹†‡–‹ˆ›–Š‡‹–‡” ‘‡ –‡†•—„–›’‡•™‹–Š‹–Š‡ —Ž–‹˜ƒ”‹ƒ–‡ ƒ–‡‰‘”‹ ƒŽ†ƒ–ƒǤŠ‡Žƒ–‡– Žƒ••‡•ƒ”‡–Š‡•‡‰‡–•™Š‹ Šƒ”‡†‹”‡ –Ž› —‘„•‡”˜‡† ȋŽƒ–‡–Ȍ •‡‰‡–•Ȅ™Šƒ– ‹• ƒ –—ƒŽŽ› ‘„•‡”˜‡† ƒ”‡ –Š‡‹” •›’–‘•Ǥ Žƒ–‡– Žƒ••†‡• ”‹„‡•ƒ ‡”–ƒ‹ƒ„•–”ƒ –ˆ‡ƒ–—”‡‘” Šƒ”ƒ –‡”‹•–‹ •™Š‹ Š ƒ‘–„‡ †‹”‡ –Ž›‘„•‡”˜‡†Ǣ™Š‹ ŠǡŠ‘™‡˜‡”ǡ‹•ƒˆƒ –‘”–Šƒ–†‹˜‡”•‹ϐ‹‡•–Š‡‹†‹˜‹†—ƒŽ‘„Œ‡ –• –Šƒ–ƒ”‡•–—†‹‡†ȏ‘ŽŽ‡ͳͻͺͻǢ—„‡ʹͲͲͷǢ‡‡Ž‡–ƒŽǤʹͲͲͶȐǤŠ‡‡šƒ’Ž‡•‘ˆ–Š‡ Žƒ–‡–˜ƒ”‹ƒ„Ž‡•ƒ”‡ǡƒ‘‰‘–Š‡”•ǣ’”‡ˆ‡”‡ ‡•‘”„‡Šƒ˜‹‘”ƒŽ‹–‡–‹‘•ȏ ‘”ƒ ʹͲͲ͵ȐǤ — Š Šƒ”ƒ –‡”‹•–‹ • ƒ „‡ ‡ƒ•—”‡† ‘Ž› ‹†‹”‡ –Ž› ‹ •— Š ƒ ™ƒ› ƒ• –‘ ‘„–ƒ‹ƒ•™‡”•Ž‹‡†–‘–Š‡ƒ––‹–—†‡•‘”’”‡ˆ‡”‡ ‡•Ǥ Š‡ Žƒ–‡– Žƒ•• ƒƒŽ›•‹• ‹• ƒ†‡ —’ ‘ˆ ƒ •–”— –—”ƒŽ ’ƒ”– ‘ˆ –Š‡ ‘†‡Ž ƒ† –Š‡ ‡ƒ•—”‡‡– ’ƒ”–Ǥ Š‡ •–”— –—”ƒŽ ’ƒ”– ‡•–‹ƒ–‡• –Š‡ ’”‘„ƒ„‹Ž‹–› ‘ˆ Žƒ••‹ˆ›‹‰ –Š‡‰‹˜‡ ƒ•‡Ǥ•ƒ”‡•—Ž–ǡ™‡ƒ””‹˜‡ƒ–ƒ’‡” ‡–ƒ‰‡‘ˆ–Š‡’‘’—Žƒ–‹‘‹–Š‡‰‹˜‡ Žƒ–‡– Žƒ••Ǥ Š‡ ‡ƒ•—”‡‡– ’ƒ”– †‡–‡”‹‡• –Š‡ ’”‘„ƒ„‹Ž‹–› ‘ˆ k–Š ƒ•™‡” –‘ i–Š “—‡•–‹‘ —†‡” –Š‡ ‘†‹–‹‘ ‘ˆ „‡‹‰ ƒ––”‹„—–‡† –‘ –Š‡ n–Š Žƒ–‡– Žƒ••Ǥ Š‡ ‡ƒ•—”‡‡–’ƒ”–‘ˆ–Š‡‘†‡Ž†‡• ”‹„‡•–Š‡”‡Žƒ–‹‘•Š‹’„‡–™‡‡–Š‡i–Š‹†‹ ƒ–‘” ˜ƒ”‹ƒ„Ž‡ǡƒ†–Š‡ƒ––”‹„—–‹‘–‘–Š‡c–ŠŽƒ–‡– Žƒ••Ǣ‘”‡‘˜‡”ǡ‹– ‘•–‹–—–‡•–Š‡„ƒ•‹• ˆ‘”–Š‡†‡• ”‹’–‹‘‘ˆ–Š‡c–Š Žƒ••ȏ‡”—–ǡƒ‰‹†•‘ʹͲͲͷȐǤ Š‡ ’”‘ ‡†—”‡ ‘ˆ –Š‡ Žƒ–‡– Žƒ•• ƒƒŽ›•‹• •‡Ž‡ –• •‡‰‡–• ƒ† ‡•–‹ƒ–‡• –Š‡ ’ƒ”ƒ‡–‡”• ‘ˆ –Š‡ †‡•‹–› ˆ— –‹‘ ™Š‹ Š ‹• Šƒ”ƒ –‡”‹•–‹  ‘ˆ ‡ƒ Š ‘ˆ –Š‡Ǥ Š‡ ‰‡‡”ƒŽ‘†‡Žˆ‘ŽŽ‘™•–Š‡ˆ‘”ȋˆ‘”—ŽƒͳȌȏ‡”—–ǡƒ‰‹†•‘ʹͲͲ͵Ǣƒ‰ʹͲͲ͸Ȑǣ . f (y i z i) = / Kx = 1 P (x z i) f (y i z i) =. K. / P (x. x=1. z i). H. %. h=1. f (y ih x, z i) . ȋͳȌ. ™Š‡”‡ǣ yiȂ†‡’‡†‡–˜ƒ”‹ƒ„Ž‡•ȋŽƒ–‡– Žƒ••‹†‹ ƒ–‘”Ȍǡ ziȂ‹†‡’‡†‡–˜ƒ”‹ƒ„Ž‡ȋ’”‡†‹ –‘”•Ȍǡ xȂŽƒ–‡– Žƒ••‡•ȋˆ”‘ͳ–‘ȌǤ. ͻͻ.

(27) ”‘„Ž‡•ƒ†’‹‹‘•. ƒˆ‡ƒʹȋ͹ͳȌʹͲͳͺ. Š‡†‡•‹–›ˆ— –‹‘ˆ‘”Žƒ–‡– Žƒ••‡••‡”˜‡•ƒ•ƒ„ƒ•‹•ˆ‘”†‡–‡”‹‹‰ ‘†‹–‹‘ƒŽ ’”‘„ƒ„‹Ž‹–›‘ˆ‘ —””‡ ‡‘ˆ–Š‡‘„•‡”˜‡†˜ƒŽ—‡•ƒ••‹‰‡†–‘–Š‡‰‹˜‡ Žƒ••ȏƒ’Žƒ ʹͲͲ͵ǡƒ‰‡Š‡‹‡ʹͲͲʹȐǤŠ‡Žƒ–‡– Žƒ••”‡‰”‡••‹‘‘†‡Ž‹•†‡’‹ –‡†„›ƒˆ‘”—Žƒǣ pred. f (y i z cov i , zi. T. ) = / Kx = 1 P (x z icov) % f (y it x, z it ) t=1. pred. ȋʹȌ. ™Š‡”‡ǣ yiȂ†‡’‡†‡–˜ƒ”‹ƒ„Ž‡•ȋŽƒ–‡– Žƒ••‹†‹ ƒ–‘”Ȍǡ zicovȂ‹†‡’‡†‡–˜ƒ”‹ƒ„Ž‡ȋ ‘˜ƒ”‹ƒ ‡•Ȍǡ zipredȂ‹†‡’‡†‡–˜ƒ”‹ƒ„Ž‡ȋ’”‡†‹ –‘”•Ȍǡ xȂŽƒ–‡– Žƒ••‡•ȋˆ”‘ͳ–‘ȌǤ

(28) ‘”†‡”–‘ƒ””‹˜‡ƒ––Š‡˜ƒŽ—‡‘ˆ–Š‡’ƒ”ƒ‡–‡”•ƒš‹‹œ‹‰–Š‡Ž‹‡Ž‹Š‘‘†ˆ— –‹‘ǡ –Š‡‡š’‡ –ƒ–‹‘Ǧƒš‹‹œƒ–‹‘ƒŽ‰‘”‹–Š•ƒ†ƒ‡™–‘Ȃƒ’•‘‡–Š‘†ȋȌƒ”‡ —•‡†‘•–ˆ”‡“—‡–Ž›Ǥˆ–‡”‡•–‹ƒ–‹‰–Š‡†‹•–”‹„—–‹‘’ƒ”ƒ‡–‡”•ǡƒ’”‘„ƒ„‹Ž‹–›‹• ƒŽ —Žƒ–‡†–Šƒ–ƒ‰‹˜‡ ƒ•‡ ‘‡•ˆ”‘ƒ‰‹˜‡Š‘‘‰‡‡‘—•‰”‘—’ǤŠ‡’”‘„ƒ„‹Ž‹–› ‘ˆ„‡‹‰ƒ••‹‰‡†–‘–Š‡ Ž—•–‡”•‹•‡•–‹ƒ–‡†„ƒ•‡†‘–Š‡‘†‡Žȋˆ‘”—ŽƒʹȌǤ Š‡ˆƒ ––Šƒ––Š‹•‘†‡Ž‹•‡•–‹ƒ–‡†™‹–Š–Š‡ƒš‹—Ž‹‡Ž‹Š‘‘†‡–Š‘†ƒŽŽ‘™• ‘‡ –‘ †‡–‡”‹‡ ‹ ƒ ‘Ǧƒ”„‹–”ƒ”› ™ƒ› ƒ ‘’–‹ƒŽ —„‡” ‘ˆ •‡‰‡–• „ƒ•‡† ‘ƒ•‡–‘ˆ‡ƒ•—”‡‡–•‘ˆϐ‹––‹‰–Š‡‘†‡Žȏƒ‰†‹•‘ǡ‡”—–ʹͲͲ͹ǡ‘ϐ‹‰Š‹ǡ †‡”• ʹͲͲ͹ȐǤ

(29)  –Š‡ ‡†ǡ ™‡ •–”‹˜‡ –‘ •— Š ‡•–‹ƒ–‡• ‘ˆ –Š‡ ‘†‡Ž ’ƒ”ƒ‡–‡”•ǡ •‘ –Šƒ– –Š‡ ƒ•‡• ‹ Ž—†‡† ‹ –Š‡ •ƒ‡ Žƒ•• ƒ”‡ Š‘‘‰‡‡‘—• ‹ –‡”• ‘ˆ –Š‡ •’‡ ‹ϐ‹  ƒ† •‡Ž‡ –‡† ”‹–‡”‹ƒǢ ™Š‡”‡ƒ•ǡ –Š‡ ƒ•‡• „‡Ž‘‰‹‰ –‘ –Š‡ ‘–Š‡” Žƒ–‡– Žƒ••‡• ™‘—Ž† †‹ˆˆ‡” ˆ”‘ ‡ƒ Š ‘–Š‡” ƒ• — Š ƒ• ’‘••‹„Ž‡ ȏƒ”–Š‘Ž‘‡™ǡ ‘–– ʹͲͲʹȐǤ•‡–‘ˆ‹†‡š‡•—•‡ˆ—Ž‹‡˜ƒŽ—ƒ–‹‰ƒ† ‘’ƒ”‹‰–Š‡‘„–ƒ‹‡†•‘Ž—–‹‘• ƒ”‡–Š‡‹†‡š‡•„ƒ•‡†‘–Š‡˜ƒŽ—‡‘ˆ–Š‡Ž‹‡Ž‹Š‘‘†ˆ— –‹‘™Š‹ Š†‡’‹ –’ƒ”–‘ˆ –Š‡ ˜ƒ”‹ƒ„‹Ž‹–›ƒ”‹ƒ ‡‹˜‡”•‹–› ™Š‹ Š Šƒ• ‘– „‡‡ ‡š’Žƒ‹‡† „› –Š‡ ‘†‡Ž ›‡–Ǥ Š‡•‡ƒ”‡–Š‡Ž‘‰ƒ”‹–Š•‘ˆ–Š‡Ž‹‡Ž‹Š‘‘†ˆ— –‹‘ƒ†‹ˆ‘”ƒ–‹‘ ”‹–‡”‹ƒȋ„ƒ•‡† „‘–Š ‘ –Š‡ Ž‘‰ƒ”‹–Š ‘ˆ –Š‡ Ž‹‡Ž‹Š‘‘† ˆ— –‹‘ ƒ• ™‡ŽŽ ƒ• ‘ ‹–• •“—ƒ”‡† ˜ƒŽ—‡Ȍ ȏƒ‹‡ͳͻͺ͹Ȑǣƒ‹‡ȋ

(30) Ȍȋˆ‘”—Žƒ͵Ȍǡƒ›‡•‹ƒȋ

(31) Ȍȋˆ‘”—ŽƒͶȌƒ•™‡ŽŽƒ•–Š‡ ‘•‹•–‡– ƒ‹‡ ”‹–‡”‹‘ ȋ

(32) Ȍ ȋˆ‘”—Žƒ ͷȌǤ Š‡ Ž‘™‡” –Š‡‹” ˜ƒŽ—‡ǡ –Š‡ „‡––‡” –Š‡‘†‡Ž‹•Ǥ

(33) ’”ƒ –‹ ƒŽƒ’’Ž‹ ƒ–‹‘•ǡ–Š‡Ž‘™‡•–‘†‡Žˆ‘”™Š‹ Š

(34) ”‡ƒ Š‡•‹–• ‹‹—’‘‹–‹• Š‘•‡ǤŽŽ–Š‡•‡–‡•–• ‘‡†‘™–‘ ‘’ƒ”‹‰–Š‡–Š‡‘”‡–‹ ƒŽ ”‡’”‡•‡–‡†„›–Š‡‡•–‹ƒ–‡†’ƒ”ƒ‡–‡”•‘ˆ–Š‡‘†‡Žƒ†‘„•‡”˜‡†‹‡’‹”‹ ƒŽ †ƒ–ƒȏƒ‹‡ͳͻͺ͹ȐǤ ƒ‹‡‹ˆ‘”ƒ–‹‘ ”‹–‡”‹‘ȋAICȌǣ . AICαȂʹlnȋLȌ + ʹp. ȋ͵Ȍ. ƒ›‡•‹ƒ

(35) ˆ‘”ƒ–‹‘”‹–‡”‹‘ȋ

(36) Ȍǣ . BCIαȂʹlnȋLȌ + p ȗlnȋNȌ. ȋͶȌ. ͳͲͲ.

(37) ”‘„Ž‡•ƒ†’‹‹‘•. ƒˆ‡ƒʹȋ͹ͳȌʹͲͳͺ. ‘•‹•–‡–ƒ‹‡‹ˆ‘”ƒ–‹‘ ”‹–‡”‹‘ȋCAICȌǣ . CAIC αȂʹlnȋLȌΪpȗȋͳΪlnȋNȌȌ. ȋͷȌ. ™Š‡”‡ǣ lnȋLȌȂƒ–—”ƒŽŽ‘‰ƒ”‹–Š‘ˆŽ‹‡Ž‹Š‘‘†ˆ— –‹‘ǡ p – —„‡”‘ˆ‡•–‹ƒ–‡†’ƒ”ƒ‡–‡”•ǡ N Ȃ—„‡”‘ˆ‘„•‡”˜ƒ–‹‘•Ǥ. 3. Social determinants of the evaluation of the banks Š‡ ”‡•‡ƒ” Š‡”• ‘ˆ –Š‡ †‡–‡”‹ƒ–• ‘ˆ –Š‡ ˆ‘”ƒ–‹‘ ‘ˆ ’—„Ž‹  ‘’‹‹‘ ‡ƒ‰‡”Ž› ”‡ˆ‡”–‘–Š‡ϐ‹ƒ ‹ƒŽƒ†‡ ‘‘‹ ‹••—‡•Ǥ

(38) ‰‡‡”ƒŽǡ–Š‡”‡‹•ƒ„‡Ž‹‡ˆ–Šƒ–‘ƒ ‹†‹˜‹†—ƒŽŽ‡˜‡Ž•’‡ ‹ϐ‹ „‡Šƒ˜‹‘”‘”‘’‹‹‘‹•ƒˆ— –‹‘‘ˆ–Š‡Ž‡˜‡Ž‘ˆ‡†— ƒ–‹‘ǡ ƒ‰‡ƒ†•‘ ‹‘Ǧ‡ ‘‘‹ ’‘•‹–‹‘ȏ‘ƒÑ•‹ǡƒ™‹Ñ•‹ǡϑ œ›Ñ•‹ʹͲͲ͹ȐǤ †‹ –‹‘ƒ”›‘ˆ•‘ ‹‘Ž‘‰›ƒ†•‘ ‹ƒŽ• ‹‡ ‡•†‡ϐ‹‡••‘ ‹‘Ǧ‡ ‘‘‹ •–ƒ–—•ƒ•ƒ‹†‡š ™Š‹ Šƒ‹•ƒ– Žƒ••‹ˆ›‹‰‹†‹˜‹†—ƒŽ•ǡˆƒ‹Ž‹‡•‘”Š‘—•‡Š‘Ž†•„›’”‘ˆ‡••‹‘ǡ‹ ‘‡ ‘”‡†— ƒ–‹‘ȏϑ™‹ǥʹͲͲͷȐǤ•‹– ƒ„‡•‡‡‹–Š‡ —””‡–”‡•‡ƒ” Šǡ•‘‡‘ˆ –Š‡˜ƒ”‹ƒ„Ž‡•–Šƒ–†‡• ”‹„‡–Š‡•‘ ‹ƒŽƒ†‡ ‘‘‹ †‡–‡”‹ƒ–•Šƒ˜‡ƒ•‹‰‹ϐ‹ ƒ– ‹ϐŽ—‡ ‡‘–Š‡ ‘•—‡”•ǯ†‡ ‹•‹‘•ƒ†‘’‹‹‘•ǤŠ‡„ƒ•‹ ƒ••—’–‹‘‘ˆ–Š‡ •‘ ‹‘Ǧ•–”— –—”ƒŽ ‘†‡Ž ‘ˆ „‡Šƒ˜‹‘” ‹• –Šƒ– ƒ •’‡ ‹ϐ‹  ‘’‹‹‘ ‹• †‡–‡”‹‡† „› ™Š‡”‡ƒ‰‹˜‡‹†‹˜‹†—ƒŽ‹•’Žƒ ‡†™‹–Š‹–Š‡•‘ ‹ƒŽ•–”— –—”‡•ȏ™ƒŽ‹ƒʹͲͲͲȐǤ

(39) – ‹•ˆ”‡“—‡–Ž› ‘•‹†‡”‡†–Šƒ–•— Š†‡–‡”‹ƒ–•ƒ•’Žƒ ‡‘ˆ”‡•‹†‡ ‡ǡ’”‘ˆ‡••‹‘ƒŽ •–ƒ–—•ǡƒ†‹ ‘‡ƒ”‡–Š‡‘•–‡ˆˆ‡ –‹˜‡’”‡†‹ –‘”•‘ˆ ‘•—‡”„‡Šƒ˜‹‘”‹–Š‡ ϐ‹ƒ ‹ƒŽƒ”‡–Ǥ‡ ƒϐ‹† ‘ϐ‹”ƒ–‹‘‘ˆ–Š‹•–”‡†‹–Š‡ ”‹–‡”‹ƒƒ’’Ž‹‡†„› –Š‡„ƒ•™Š‡ Žƒ••‹ˆ›‹‰ —•–‘‡”•‹–‘•’‡ ‹ϐ‹ •‡‰‡–•ȏƒ”œ¦†œƒ‹‡ǥʹͲͲͲȐǤ ‘•–ˆ”‡“—‡–Ž›–Š‡•‡ ”‹–‡”‹ƒ‹ Ž—†‡–Š‡˜ƒ”‹ƒ„Ž‡•™Š‹ Š†‡–‡”‹‡ƒ —•–‘‡”ǯ• •‘ ‹‘Ǧ‡ ‘‘‹  •–ƒ–—•ǡ •— Š ƒ•ǣ ‡†— ƒ–‹‘ǡ ’”‘ˆ‡••‹‘ƒŽ ’‘•‹–‹‘ǡ ‹ ‘‡ǡ ƒ† •‘‡–‹‡•ƒŽ•‘Ž‹ˆ‡•ƒ–‹•ˆƒ –‹‘ƒ†‡˜ƒŽ—ƒ–‹‘‘ˆ–Š‡ —•–‘‡”ǯ•‡ ‘‘‹ •‹–—ƒ–‹‘ ȏƒ”•ŠƒŽŽʹͲͲͷȐǤ ‘™‡˜‡” „ƒ•‡† ‘ ‡’‹”‹ ƒŽ ”‡•‡ƒ” Šǡ ‹– –—”• ‘—– –Šƒ– –Š‡ •‘ ‹‘Ǧ†‡‘‰”ƒ’Š‹  ˆ‡ƒ–—”‡• ƒ ‘Ž› ’ƒ”–Ž› ‡š’Žƒ‹ –Š‡ —•–‘‡”•ǯ „‡Šƒ˜‹‘” ‘ –Š‡ „ƒ‹‰ ƒ”‡– ƒ†–Š‡‘’‹‹‘•ˆ‘”—Žƒ–‡†ƒ„‘—–„ƒ•Ǥ

(40) – ƒ„‡•‡‡‹–Š‡•—”˜‡›• ‘†— –‡† ‹ ʹͲͳͷ ‘ ƒ ƒ–‹‘™‹†‡ ”‡’”‡•‡–ƒ–‹˜‡ •ƒ’Ž‡ ‘ˆ Š‘Ž†‡”• ‘ˆ Š‘—•‡Š‘Ž† ”‡†‹–• ‹  ƒ†   αͻͲͲ –Šƒ– –Š‡ •‘ ‹‘Ǧ†‡‘‰”ƒ’Š‹  ˆ‡ƒ–—”‡• Šƒ˜‡ Ž‹––Ž‡ ‹ϐŽ—‡ ‡ ‘ †‹˜‡”•‹ˆ›‹‰ –Š‡ ‘’‹‹‘• ˆ‘”—Žƒ–‡† ƒ„‘—– –Š‡ „ƒ• ȏ

(41) †œ‹ǡ ‹‡”‘‰‹ ƒ ʹͲͳ͸Ȑǡ †‡•’‹–‡ –Š‡ ˆƒ – –Šƒ– –Š‡ ‰”‘—’ ‘ˆ „‘””‘™‡”• ‹• Š‹‰ŠŽ› †‹˜‡”•‹ϐ‹‡† ‹ –‡”• ‘ˆ –Š‡ ƒ„‘˜‡Ǧ‡–‹‘‡†ˆ‡ƒ–—”‡•Ǥ ‡ ƒ†”ƒ™ƒ•‹‹Žƒ” ‘ Ž—•‹‘™Š‡ƒƒŽ›œ‹‰–Š‡†‹•–”‹„—–‹‘‘ˆ–Š‡‡˜ƒŽ—ƒ–‹‘• ‘ˆ –Š‡ „ƒ•ǯ ”‡’—–ƒ–‹‘ ȏ‡’—–ƒ Œƒǥ ʹͲͳ͸ȐǤ

(42)  –‡”• ‘ˆ ƒ‰‡ǡ –Š‡ Š‹‰Š‡•– ”ƒ–‹‰ ‘ˆ –Š‡ „ƒ• ȋ͵͹ ’‘‹–•Ȍ ƒ „‡ ”‡ ‘”†‡† ‹ –Š‡ ‰”‘—’ ƒ‰‡† ʹͲȂʹͻǤ

(43)  –Š‡ ‘–Š‡” ƒ‰‡ ‰”‘—’• †‡ϐ‹‡† ‹ ͳͲǦ›‡ƒ” ‹–‡”˜ƒŽ•ǡ –Š‡ ”‡’—–ƒ–‹‘ ‹†‡š ϐŽ— –—ƒ–‡• „‡–™‡‡ ʹͻȂ͵ͳ’‘‹–•ȋ–Š‡”‡ƒ”‡‘–•–ƒ–‹•–‹ ƒŽŽ›•‹‰‹ϐ‹ ƒ–†‹ˆˆ‡”‡ ‡•ȌǤ ”‘–Š‡•ƒ‡•–—†›. ͳͲͳ.

(44) ƒˆ‡ƒʹȋ͹ͳȌʹͲͳͺ. ”‘„Ž‡•ƒ†’‹‹‘•. ™‡ ƒ •—”‹•‡ –Šƒ– ƒ‘‰ –Š‡ ’‡‘’Ž‡ ™‹–Š Š‹‰Š‡” ‡†— ƒ–‹‘ǡ –Š‡ ‹

(45) †‡š ‘ˆ –Š‡„ƒ‹‰•‡ –‘”‹ʹͲͳ͸™ƒ•͵͹’‘‹–•Ǥ

(46) –™ƒ•͵ʹ’‘‹–•ƒ‘‰–Š‡’‡‘’Ž‡™‹–Š •‡ ‘†ƒ”› ‡†— ƒ–‹‘ǡ ʹͻ ’‘‹–• ƒ‘‰ –Š‡ ’‡‘’Ž‡ ™‹–Š ’‘•–Ǧ•‡ ‘†ƒ”› ‡†— ƒ–‹‘ǡ Ȅʹ͹ ’‘‹–•ǡ ƒ† ˜‘ ƒ–‹‘ƒŽȄ͵ͳ ’‘‹–•Ǥ Š‡ •–ƒ–‹•–‹ ƒŽŽ› •‹‰‹ϐ‹ ƒ– †‹ˆˆ‡”‡ ‡ ƒ„‡•‡‡‘Ž›„‡–™‡‡–Š‡’‡‘’Ž‡™‹–ŠŠ‹‰Š‡”‡†— ƒ–‹‘ƒ†–Š‡‘–Š‡”‰”‘—’•Ǥ ‹‹Žƒ”Ž›™Š‡ƒƒŽ›œ‹‰–Š‡†‹•–”‹„—–‹‘‘ˆ‘’‹‹‘•ƒ„‘—–„ƒ•„›’”‘ˆ‡••‹‘ǡ–Š‡ Ž‘™‡•–‡˜ƒŽ—ƒ–‹‘‘ˆ–Š‡”‡’—–ƒ–‹‘‘ˆ„ƒ•‹•”‡ ‘”†‡†‹–Š‡‰”‘—’‘ˆ—‡’Ž‘›‡† ’‡‘’Ž‡ ȋ‹

(47) †‡šȄʹͲ ’‘‹–•Ȍǡ ”‡–‹”‡†Ȅʹͺ ’‘‹–•ǡ ˆƒ”‡”•Ȅʹͻ ’‘‹–•ǡ ‡–”‡’”‡‡—”•Ȅ͵ʹ ’‘‹–•ǡ •‹ŽŽ‡† ™‘”‡”•Ȅ͵͵ ’‘‹–•ǡ ™Š‹–‡ ‘ŽŽƒ”• ƒ† Ž‡”•Ȅ͵Ͷ’‘‹–•ǡƒ†•–—†‡–•Ȅ͵ͷ’‘‹–•ȋ‹ƒ‰”ƒͳȌǤ

(48) –‡”•‘ˆ–Š‡”ƒ–‹‰ǡ–Š‡ —‡’Ž‘›‡† †‹ˆˆ‡” •‹‰‹ϐ‹ ƒ–Ž› ˆ”‘ –Š‡ ‘–Š‡” ‰”‘—’•Ǥ Š‡ ƒ‹‰ –Š‡ ƒ„‘˜‡Ǧ ‡–‹‘‡† ‘’ƒ”‹•‘•ǡ ‹– ™‘—Ž† „‡ ™‘”–Š™Š‹Ž‡ –‘ ‡–‹‘ –Šƒ– –Š‡ • ‘’‡ ‘ˆ –Š‡ ‹‹ƒŽƒ†ƒš‹ƒŽ”ƒ–‹‰•‘ˆ–Š‡‹

(49) †‡š‹•ˆ”‘‹—•͸͸–‘’Ž—•ͳʹ͸’‘‹–•Ǥ

(50) –Š‡ ƒ•‡‘ˆƒ”‡•’‘†‡–ǯ•‹ ‘‡ǡ‹ˆ–Š‡•ƒ‹†‹ ‘‡‡š ‡‡†•ͶͲͲͲƒ‘–Šǡ –Š‡ ‹– Šƒ‰‡• –Š‡ ‡˜ƒŽ—ƒ–‹‘ ‘ˆ –Š‡ „ƒ•ǯ ”‡’—–ƒ–‹‘Ǥ

(51)  –Š‡ ƒ•‡ ‘ˆ ’‡‘’Ž‡ ™‹–Š ‹ ‘‡•—†‡”ͶͲͲͲƒ‘–Šǡ–Š‡”‡ƒ”‡‘•–ƒ–‹•–‹ ƒŽŽ›•‹‰‹ϐ‹ ƒ–†‹ˆˆ‡”‡ ‡•‹ –Š‡‡˜ƒŽ—ƒ–‹‘‘ˆ–Š‡„ƒ•ǯ”‡’—–ƒ–‹‘ǤŠ‡–ƒ‹‰‹–‘ ‘•‹†‡”ƒ–‹‘–Š‡’Žƒ ‡‘ˆ ”‡•‹†‡ ‡ǡƒ•–ƒ–‹•–‹ ƒŽŽ›•‹‰‹ϐ‹ ƒ–†‹ˆˆ‡”‡ ‡”‡˜‡ƒŽ•‹–•‡Žˆ‘Ž›™Š‡ ‘’ƒ”‹‰–Š‡ ”ƒ–‹‰•„›–Š‡”‡•‹†‡–•‘ˆ ‹–‹‡•™‹–Šƒ’‘’—Žƒ–‹‘‘ˆʹͲͲƒ†‘”‡‹ ‘’ƒ”‹•‘ ™‹–Š–Š‡”‡•‹†‡–•‘ˆ•ƒŽŽ‡” ‹–‹‡•ƒ†”—”ƒŽƒ”‡ƒ•Ǥ

(52) –Š‹•”‡•’‡ –ǡ™‡ ƒ–Š‹‘ˆ –Š‡”‡•‹†‡–•‘ˆ–Š‡”—”ƒŽƒ”‡ƒ•ǡ ‹–‹‡•™‹–Šƒ’‘’—Žƒ–‹‘—†‡”ʹͲƒ†ʹͲǦͷͲƒ• ƒŠ‘‘‰‡‡‘—•‰”‘—’Ǥ Š‡ •‘ ‹‘Ǧ‡ ‘‘‹  •–ƒ–—• ‘ˆ –Š‡ ‘•—‡” ‹• –Š‡ ‘—– ‘‡ ‘ˆ –Š‡ ‡†— ƒ–‹‘ǡ ’”‘ˆ‡••‹‘ƒŽ ’‘•‹–‹‘ ƒ† –Š‡ ‹ ‘‡Ǥ ƒ‹‰ ‹–‘ ‘•‹†‡”ƒ–‹‘ –Š‡ ƒ„‘˜‡Ǧ ‡–‹‘‡† ”‹–‡”‹ƒ ƒ’’Ž‹‡† „› ƒ”•ŠƒŽŽ ȏʹͲͲͷȐ –‘ Žƒ••‹ˆ› –Š‡ •‘ ‹‘Ǧ‡ ‘‘‹  •–ƒ–—•ǡʹ͵Ψ‘ˆ–Š‡‘Ž‹•Š•‘ ‹‡–› ƒ„‡”‡‰ƒ”†‡†ƒ•ƒ‰”‘—’‘ˆŠ‹‰Š•‘ ‹‘Ǧ‡ ‘‘‹  •–ƒ–—•ǡ͵ͻΨƒ•ƒ‹††Ž‡Ǧ Žƒ•••–ƒ–—•ǡƒ†͵ͺΨƒ•ƒŽ‘™•‘ ‹‘Ǧ‡ ‘‘‹ •–ƒ–—•Ǥ

(53)  –Š‹•˜‹‡™ǡ–Š‡‹

(54) †‡š‹–Š‡‰”‘—’‘ˆ’‡‘’Ž‡™‹–ŠƒŠ‹‰Š•‘ ‹‘Ǧ‡ ‘‘‹ •–ƒ–—• ‹•Ͷ͹’‘‹–•Ǥ

(55) –Š‡‰”‘—’™‹–Šƒ‹††Ž‡Ǧ Žƒ•••–ƒ–—•‹–‹•Ͷͳ’‘‹–•ǡƒ†‹–Š‡ ƒ•‡ ‘ˆ’‡‘’Ž‡™‹–ŠƒŽ‘™•‘ ‹‘Ǧ‡ ‘‘‹ •–ƒ–—•ǡ–Š‡˜ƒŽ—‡‘ˆ–Š‡‹

(56) †‡š‹•ʹͻ’‘‹–• ȋ‹ƒ‰”ƒʹȌǤ  •–ƒ–‹•–‹ ƒŽŽ› •‹‰‹ϐ‹ ƒ– †‹ˆˆ‡”‡ ‡ ‹ –Š‡ ‡˜ƒŽ—ƒ–‹‘ ‘ˆ –Š‡ „ƒ•ǯ ”‡’—–ƒ–‹‘ ‹• „‡–™‡‡–Š‡‰”‘—’•‘ˆ’‡‘’Ž‡™‹–Š–Š‡Š‹‰Šƒ†Ž‘™•‘ ‹‘Ǧ‡ ‘‘‹ •–ƒ–—•Ǥƒ‹‰ ‹–‘ƒ ‘—–ƒŽŽ–Š‡ƒ„‘˜‡Ǧ‡–‹‘‡†”‡•—Ž–•ǡ–Š‡•‘ ‹‘Ǧ†‡‘‰”ƒ’Š‹ ˆ‡ƒ–—”‡•‹–Š‹• ƒ•‡†‘‘–’”‘˜‹†‡•ƒ–‹•ˆƒ –‘”›”‡•—Ž–•ƒ•–Š‡ˆƒ –‘”•–Šƒ–†‹˜‡”•‹ˆ›–Š‡‡˜ƒŽ—ƒ–‹‘‘ˆ –Š‡„ƒ•ǯ”‡’—–ƒ–‹‘Ǥ ‘™ƒ”†ƒ†”‘™ȏʹͲͳ͸ȐƒŽ•‘ƒ””‹˜‡†ƒ–•‹‹Žƒ” ‘ Ž—•‹‘• ‹–Š‡‹”•–—†‹‡•‘–”—•–ǤŠ‡› Žƒ‹–Šƒ––Š‡•‘ ‹‘Ǧ†‡‘‰”ƒ’Š‹ ˜ƒ”‹ƒ„Ž‡•ƒ”‡‘– •—ˆϐ‹ ‹‡–Ž›—•‡ˆ—Ž‹‡š’Žƒ‹‹‰–Š‡•‘ ‹ƒŽ†‡–‡”‹ƒ–•‹–Š‡ Šƒ‰‡•‘ˆ–”—•––‘ ˜ƒ”‹‘—•‹•–‹–—–‹‘•–Šƒ–ƒ”‡•–—†‹‡†ƒ•’ƒ”–‘ˆ–Š‡†‡Žƒ”—•–ƒ”‘‡–‡”’”‘Œ‡ –Ǥ Š‡ ‘˜‡”ƒŽŽ ‹ ”‡ƒ•‡ ‹ –Š‡ •‘ ‹‡–›ǯ• ‡†— ƒ–‹‘ Ž‡˜‡Ž ”ƒ‹•‡• –Š‡ ’”‘ˆ‡••‹‘ƒŽ ‘’‡–‡ ‡ǢŠ‘™‡˜‡”‹–Š‡‘’‹‹‘‘ˆ” œ›ǡDz‹–‹•†‹ˆϐ‹ —Ž––‘•ƒ›™Š‡–Š‡”–Š‹• ‹•Ž‹‡†–‘–Š‡‡‡†ƒ†•’‡‡†‘ˆ–Š‡ ‘””‡ –‹‘‘ˆ–Š‡ ‘’‡–‡ ‡dz‹–Š‡‘–Š‡” ƒ”‡ƒ•‘ˆ–Š‡ ‘•—‡”ǯ•Ž‹ˆ‡ȏ” œ›ʹͲͲ͸ȐǤŠ‡‹ ”‡ƒ•‡‹–Š‡Ž‡˜‡Ž‘ˆ‡†— ƒ–‹‘. ͳͲʹ.

(57) ”‘„Ž‡•ƒ†’‹‹‘•. ƒˆ‡ƒʹȋ͹ͳȌʹͲͳͺ. ‘”–Š‡•‘ ‹‘Ǧ‡ ‘‘‹  Šƒ‰‡•‹•‘– Ž‘•‡Ž›”‡Žƒ–‡†™‹–Š–Š‡ Šƒ‰‡•‘ˆƒ––‹–—†‡• ƒ†‘’‹‹‘•ƒ„‘—–„ƒ•ȏ‘‘ ‹ƒ ‡ʹͲͳ͹ǡƒ–ƒ”ǡƒ”•œƒ™ƒȐǤ ”‘–Š‡ ƒ„‘˜‡Ǧ‡–‹‘‡†‹ˆ‘”ƒ–‹‘™‡ ƒ ‘ Ž—†‡–Šƒ–ƒŠ‹‰Š•‘ ‹‘Ǧ‡ ‘‘‹ •–ƒ–—• ƒ• ™‡ŽŽ ƒ• ƒ Š‹‰Š Ž‡˜‡Ž ‘ˆ ‡†— ƒ–‹‘ ‹ ƒ ‰‹˜‡ ϐ‹‡Ž† ‘Ž› ’ƒ”–Ž› ‘’‡•ƒ–‡ ˆ‘” –Š‡ •Š‘”–ƒ‰‡• ‹ –Š‡ ‘’‡–‡ ‡ ‹ –Š‡ ‘–Š‡” ƒ”‡ƒ• ‘ˆ –Š‡ ‘•—‡”ǯ• Ž‹ˆ‡Ǥ

(58)  –Š‡ ‘’‹‹‘‘ˆŽ‡‹†ƒȏʹͲͲ͹Ȑ‹–Šƒ•„‡ ‘‡‘”‡†‹ˆϐ‹ —Ž––‘‡•–‹ƒ–‡–Š‡ Šƒ‰‡•‹ –Š‡ ƒ––‹–—†‡• ƒ† „‡Šƒ˜‹‘” ‘ˆ –Š‡ ‘•—‡”• ‘ –Š‡ „ƒ•‹• ‘ˆ –Š‡ ‰‡‡”ƒŽ Šƒ‰‡• ‹ –Š‡ Ž‡˜‡Ž ‘ˆ ‡†— ƒ–‹‘ ƒ† •‘ ‹‘Ǧ‡ ‘‘‹  •–ƒ–—•Ǥ Š‡ ˆ‘ŽŽ‘™‹‰ ƒ”‡ ‘ˆ ‡› ‹’‘”–ƒ ‡‹ˆ‘”—Žƒ–‹‰‘’‹‹‘•ƒ†˜‹‡™•ǡƒ‡Ž›ǣ —Ž–—”ƒŽƒ†‡˜‹”‘‡–ƒŽ †‡–‡”‹ƒ–•ǡ ‘‡ǯ• ™‘”Ž† ‘—–Ž‘‘ǡ •–‡”‡‘–›’‡•ǡ ’‘’—Žƒ” ˜‹‡™•ǡ ’‡”•‘ƒŽ ‡š’‡”‹‡ ‡•ǡ‘’‹‹‘Ǧˆ‘”‹‰ƒ –‹‘•ƒ† ‘’‡–‡ ‡‹ƒ‰‹˜‡ƒ––‡”ǡƒ•™‡ŽŽƒ• ‡†— ƒ–‹‘ ƒ† ‘™Ž‡†‰‡Ǥ Š‹• ‘’‹‹‘ ‘ ‡”• –Š‡ ‘•—‡”ǯ• ‘’‡–‡ ‡Ǥ

(59)  –Š‡˜‹‡™‘ˆ‘›ƒ–œ‹•ȏʹͲͲͺȐǡ ‘’‡–‡ ‡”‡ˆ‡”•–‘–Š‡ ‘‰‹–‹˜‡•‹ŽŽ•ǡˆ‘ŽŽ‘™‹‰–Š‡ ƒ ‡’–ƒ„Ž‡ ‘†— –’ƒ––‡”•ǡ•‡ŽˆǦƒ™ƒ”‡‡••ǡ•‡ŽˆǦ ‘–”‘Žǡƒ†•‘ ‹ƒŽƒ™ƒ”‡‡••‘ˆ —–—ƒŽ”‡Žƒ–‹‘•ǤŠ‡Ž‡˜‡Ž‘ˆ‡†— ƒ–‹‘ƒ†Ȁ‘”–Š‡•‘ ‹‘Ǧ‡ ‘‘‹ •–ƒ–—• Šƒ‰‡ –Š‡ ƒ––‹–—†‡• –Š”‘—‰Š ƒ ‹†‹”‡ – ‹ϐŽ—‡ ‡ ‘ˆ –Š‡ ‘’‡–‡ ‡ ȏŽ‡‹†ƒ ʹͲͲ͹ȐǤ œƒ”ˆ‡„‡”‰ȏʹͲͳͷȐ”‡•–”‹ –‡†–Š‹•‘–‹‘–‘‡ ‘‘‹  ‘’‡–‡ ‡ƒ†‹†‹ ƒ–‡† –Š‡‡ ‘‘‹ ‘™Ž‡†‰‡ǡ–Š‡•‹ŽŽ•–‘’”‘ ‡‡†ƒ†—•‡‹ˆ‘”ƒ–‹‘™Š‡ƒ‹‰ †‡ ‹•‹‘•‘–Š‡ϐ‹ƒ ‹ƒŽƒ”‡–ǤŠ‹•ƒ’’”‘ƒ Šƒ ‘™Ž‡†‰‡•–Š‡–Š‡‘”›‘ˆŠ—ƒ ƒ’‹–ƒŽ ‹ ‡š’Žƒ‹‹‰ ˜ƒ”‹‘—• •‘ ‹ƒŽ ƒ† ‡ ‘‘‹  ’Š‡‘‡ƒǤ

(60) – ‹˜‘Ž˜‡• Ž‡ƒ˜‹‰ –Š‡ ‘‘Ž› —•‡† ”‹–‡”‹ƒ ‹ ˆƒ˜‘” ‘ˆ –Š‡ ”‡ƒŽǦŽ‹ˆ‡ ”‹–‡”‹ƒ ™Š‹ Š †‹˜‡”•‹ˆ› –Š‡ ’‡” ‡’–‹‘‘ˆƒ‰‹˜‡ˆ”ƒ‰‡–‘ˆ”‡ƒŽ‹–›„›ƒ ‘•—‡”Ǥ†‘’–‹‰•— Šƒ ‘ ‡’– ”‡“—‹”‡••‹‰‹ϐ‹ ƒ– Šƒ‰‡•‹Šƒ˜‹‰ƒ†—•‹‰–Š‡‘™Ž‡†‰‡‘†‡–‡”‹ƒ–•‘ˆ –Š‡‡˜ƒŽ—ƒ–‹‘‘ˆ–Š‡„ƒ‹‰•‡ –‘”Ǥ. Diagram 1. TRiM Index value of the banks by profession. Diagram 2. TRiM Index value of the banks by groups of socio-economic status of the consumer. 50 40 30 20. 20. 25. 27. 28. 29. 32. 33. 34. 35. 10 Student. Clerk. Blue collar. Farmer. Entrepreneur. Senior citizen. Pensioner. Housewife. 0. TRI*M Reputation Index. 70. 60. Unemployed. TRI*M Reputation Index. 70. 60 50. 47 41. 40 30. 29. 20 10 0 Low. Medium. High. Socio-economic status. ‘—” ‡ǣ‡’—–ƒ Œƒ‘Ž•‹‡‰‘‡–‘”ƒƒ‘™‡‰‘ʹͲͳ͸ȋ‡’—–ƒ–‹‘‘ˆ–Š‡‘Ž‹•Šƒ‹‰‡ –‘”Ȍǡǡ ƒ”•œƒ™ƒǤ. ͳͲ͵.

(61) ”‘„Ž‡•ƒ†’‹‹‘•. ƒˆ‡ƒʹȋ͹ͳȌʹͲͳͺ. Š‡ƒƒŽ›œ‹‰–Š‡”‡•—Ž–•‘ˆ–Š‡‡’‹”‹ ƒŽ•–—†‹‡•‘ˆ–Š‡‡˜ƒŽ—ƒ–‹‘‘ˆ–Š‡„ƒ•ǯ ”‡’—–ƒ–‹‘ˆ”‘–Š‡’‡”•’‡ –‹˜‡‘ˆ–Š‡ ‘’‡–‡ ‡†‡ϐ‹‡†„›œƒ”ˆ‡„‡”‰—•‹‰ ‡ ‘‘‹ ‘™Ž‡†‰‡ǡ•‹ŽŽ•‘ˆ’”‘ ‡‡†‹‰‘–Š‡ϐ‹ƒ ‹ƒŽƒ”‡–ƒ†‡š’‡”‹‡ ‡ƒ• ™‡ŽŽƒ•—•‹‰‹ˆ‘”ƒ–‹‘‹–Š‡’”‘ ‡••‘ˆƒ‹‰†‡ ‹•‹‘•‘–Š‡ϐ‹ƒ ‹ƒŽƒ”‡–ǡ ƒ Ž‡ƒ”†‹˜‡”•‹ϐ‹ ƒ–‹‘‹–Š‡‹‡’—–ƒ–‹‘

(62) †‡š‹•”‡˜‡ƒŽ‡†Ǥ‘•—‡”•™‹–Š ƒ˜‡”›Ž‘™Ž‡˜‡Ž‘ˆ‡ ‘‘‹ ‘™Ž‡†‰‡—•—ƒŽŽ›‡˜ƒŽ—ƒ–‡Ž‘™–Š‡„ƒ•ǯ”‡’—–ƒ–‹‘Ǥ Š‡ ‹ ‡’—–ƒ–‹‘

(63) †‡š ‹ –Š‡‹” ƒ•‡ ‹• ʹ͹ ’‘‹–•Ǥ

(64) – ‰‘‡• —’ –‘ ͵Ͷ ’‘‹–• ‹ –Š‡ ‰”‘—’ ‘ˆ ‘•—‡”• ™‹–Š Ž‘™ ‡ ‘‘‹  Ž‡˜‡Ž –Š”‘—‰Š Ͷ͹ ’‘‹–• ‹ –Š‡ ‰”‘—’ ‘ˆ’‡‘’Ž‡™‹–Šƒ˜‡”ƒ‰‡Ž‡˜‡Ž‘ˆ‡ ‘‘‹ ‘™Ž‡†‰‡ǡ–‘”‡ƒ Šͷͺ’‘‹–•ƒ‘‰–Š‡ ’‡‘’Ž‡™‹–ŠŠ‹‰ŠŽ‡˜‡Ž‘ˆ‡ ‘‘‹ ‘™Ž‡†‰‡ȋ‹ƒ‰”ƒ͵ȌǤ ƒ‹‰ ‹–‘ ‘•‹†‡”ƒ–‹‘ –Š‡ • ‘’‡ ‘ˆ —•‹‰ –Š‡ ϐ‹ƒ ‹ƒŽ •‡”˜‹ ‡•ǡ –Š‡”‡ ‹• ƒ”‡Žƒ–‹‘•Š‹’™Š‡”‡–Š‡Š‹‰Š‡”–Š‡• ‘’‡‘ˆ—•‹‰–Š‡ϐ‹ƒ ‹ƒŽ•‡”˜‹ ‡•ǡ–Š‡Š‹‰Š‡” –Š‡‹

(65) †‡š‹•ȋ‹ƒ‰”ƒͶȌǤ

(66) –Š‡•‡‰‡–‘ˆ ‘•—‡”•™‹–Š–Š‡‹‹ƒŽ‘” Ž‘™• ‘’‡‘ˆ—•‹‰–Š‡ϐ‹ƒ ‹ƒŽ•‡”˜‹ ‡•ǡ–Š‡‹

(67) †‡š‹•͵ͳ’‘‹–•ƒ†͵ͷ’‘‹–• ”‡•’‡ –‹˜‡Ž›ǡƒ†‹–Š‡•‡‰‡–™‹–ŠƒŠ‹‰ŠŽ‡˜‡Ž‘ˆ—•‹‰–Š‡ϐ‹ƒ ‹ƒŽ•‡”˜‹ ‡•‹– ”‹•‡•–‘͸ͳ’‘‹–•Ǥ. 70 60 50 40 30 20 10 0. Diagram 4. TRiM Index value of the banks by the scope of using the ϐinancial services 70. 47 34 27. Very Low. Low. Medium. High. Knowledge about economy, country's economics, banking services. 61. 60. 58. TRI*M Index. TRI*M Index. Diagram 3. TRiM Index value by consumer’s economic knowledge. 50. 45. 40 30. 31. 35. 20 10 0 Minimal. Low. Medium. High. Scope of using the inancial services. ‘—” ‡ǣ‡’—–ƒ Œƒ‘Ž•‹‡‰‘‡–‘”ƒƒ‘™‡‰‘ʹͲͳ͸ȋ‡’—–ƒ–‹‘‘ˆ–Š‡‘Ž‹•Šƒ‹‰‡ –‘”Ȍǡǡ ƒ”•œƒ™ƒǤ. ƒ•‡† ‘ –Š‡ ”‹–‡”‹ƒ ‡–‹‘‡† „› œƒ”ˆ‡„‡”‰ ȋ–Š‡ –‘–ƒŽ ”ƒ–‹‰ ‘ˆ –Š‡ ˆƒ –‘”•ǣ ‡ ‘‘‹ ‘™Ž‡†‰‡ǡ–Š‡ƒ„‹Ž‹–›–‘ƒ –‘–Š‡ϐ‹ƒ ‹ƒŽƒ”‡–ƒ†‡š’‡”‹‡ ‡ǡƒ• ™‡ŽŽ ƒ• —•‹‰ –Š‡ ‹ˆ‘”ƒ–‹‘ ‹ –Š‡ ’”‘ ‡•• ‘ˆ ƒ‹‰ ƒ †‡ ‹•‹‘ ‘ ƒ ϐ‹ƒ ‹ƒŽ ƒ”‡–Ȍ –Š‡ ‹

(68) †‡š ‹• ʹͷ ’‘‹–• ‹ –Š‡ •‡‰‡– ™‹–Š Ž‘™ ‘’‡–‡ ‡ǡ ƒ† ͷ͹’‘‹–•‹–Š‡•‡‰‡–™‹–ŠŠ‹‰Š ‘’‡–‡ ‡Ǥ  ‘‘‹ ‘™Ž‡†‰‡ǡ‡š’‡”‹‡ ‡‹—•‹‰–Š‡ϐ‹ƒ ‹ƒŽ•‡”˜‹ ‡•ǡƒ†„‡‹‰‹–‡”‡•–‡† ‹‹ˆ‘”ƒ–‹‘ƒ„‘—–‡ ‘‘›Šƒ˜‡ƒ‰‘‘†‹’ƒ –‘–Š‡‡˜ƒŽ—ƒ–‹‘‘ˆ–Š‡„ƒ•ǯ ”‡’—–ƒ–‹‘ȏ‡’—–ƒ–‹‘‘ˆ–Š‡‘Ž‹•Šƒ‹‰‡ –‘”ʹͲͳ͸ǡǡƒ”•œƒ™ƒȐǤ––Š‡ •ƒ‡ –‹‡ǡ –Š‡ Šƒ‰‡ ‹ –Š‡ •‘ ‹‘Ǧ‡ ‘‘‹  •–ƒ–—• ‘Ž› ’ƒ”–‹ƒŽŽ› ‹’”‘˜‡• –Š‡ ‡ ‘‘‹  ‘’‡–‡ ‡‘ˆ–Š‡ ‘•—‡”ǤŠ‡‹ ”‡ƒ•‡‹‡ ‘‘‹ ƒ†–Š‡Š‹‰Š‡”. ͳͲͶ.

(69) ”‘„Ž‡•ƒ†’‹‹‘•. ƒˆ‡ƒʹȋ͹ͳȌʹͲͳͺ. ‡†— ƒ–‹‘ƒ˜ƒ‹Žƒ„Ž‡ˆ‘”ƒ••‡•†‘‘–Šƒ˜‡ƒ†‹”‡ –‹’ƒ –‘–Š‡‹’”‘˜‡‡–‘ˆ –Š‡ •‘ ‹‡–›ǯ• ‡ ‘‘‹  ‘’‡–‡ ‡Ǥ Ž‘•– ‘‡Ǧϐ‹ˆ–Š ȋʹ͵ΨȌ ‘ˆ –Š‡ ‘Ž‹•Š •‘ ‹‡–› ‹• ”‡‰ƒ”†‡† ƒ• Šƒ˜‹‰ ƒ Š‹‰Š •‘ ‹‘Ǧ‡ ‘‘‹  •–ƒ–—•Ǥ ͳ͹Ψ ‹ –Š‹• ‰”‘—’ Šƒ˜‡ Š‹‰Š ‡ ‘‘‹  ‘’‡–‡ ‡ǡȋ™Š‹ Š‹•ͶΨ‘ˆ–Š‡•‘ ‹‡–›ȌǤ––Š‡•ƒ‡–‹‡ǡ‹–Š‡‰”‘—’ ‘ˆ’‡‘’Ž‡™‹–ŠƒŠ‹‰Š•‘ ‹‘Ǧ‡ ‘‘‹ •–ƒ–—•ǡ͸ͳΨŠƒ˜‡Ž‘™‡ ‘‘‹  ‘’‡–‡ ‡ ™Š‹ Š ‘•–‹–—–‡•ͳͶΨ‘ˆ–Š‡‘Ž‹•Š•‘ ‹‡–›Ǥ

(70) –Š‡ ƒ•‡‘ˆ–Š‡’‡‘’Ž‡™‹–ŠƒŽ‘™ •‘ ‹‘Ǧ‡ ‘‘‹  •–ƒ–—•ǡ ͹ͷΨ Šƒ˜‡ Ž‘™ ‡ ‘‘‹  ‘’‡–‡ ‡ ™Š‹ Š ‹• ʹͻΨ ‘ˆ –Š‡ ‘Ž‹•Š •‘ ‹‡–›ǡ ƒ† ͳ͵Ψ Šƒ˜‡ Š‹‰Š ‡ ‘‘‹  ‘’‡–‡ ‡ ™Š‹ Š ‹• ͷΨ ‘ˆ –Š‡ ‘Ž‹•Š•‘ ‹‡–›ǤŠ‡ƒƒŽ›œ‹‰–Š‡†‹•–”‹„—–‹‘‘ˆ–Š‡‡ ‘‘‹  ‘’‡–‡ ‡‘ˆ–Š‡ ‘•—‡” ˜‡”•—• Š‹•ȀŠ‡” •‘ ‹‘Ǧ‡ ‘‘‹  •–ƒ–—•ǡ ‘ ”‡Žƒ–‹‘•Š‹’• ™‡”‡ ”‡ ‘”†‡† „‡–™‡‡–Š‡•‡˜ƒ”‹ƒ„Ž‡•ǤŠ‹•‡ƒ•–Šƒ–ƒ ‘•—‡”Šƒ•ˆ‘”ƒŽ‡†— ƒ–‹‘ǡŠ‘Ž†• •’‡ ‹ϐ‹  ’”‘ˆ‡••‹‘ƒŽ ‘’‡–‡ ‡ǡ ’‡”ˆ‘”• ƒ—–‘‘‘—• ™‘”ǡ Šƒ• ‹ ‘‡• –Šƒ– Žƒ••‹ˆ› Š‹ȀŠ‡” ƒ• ƒ ƒˆϐŽ—‡– ’‡”•‘Ǣ ƒ†ǡ ƒ– –Š‡ •ƒ‡ –‹‡ ‹• ‡ ‘‘‹ ƒŽŽ› ‘’‡–‡–Ǥ— Šƒ•‹–—ƒ–‹‘ ‘ ‡”•ƒ’’”‘š‹ƒ–‡Ž›ͶǤͷ‘ˆ–Š‡”‡•‹†‡–•‘ˆ‘Žƒ† ™Š‘Šƒ˜‡ƒŠ‹‰Š•‘ ‹‘Ǧ‡ ‘‘‹ •–ƒ–—•Ǣƒ†ǡƒ––Š‡•ƒ‡–‹‡ǡŠƒ˜‡Ž‘™‡ ‘‘‹  ‘’‡–‡ ‡Ǥ

(71) –ƒŽ•‘ ‘ ‡”•ͻǤ͵’‡‘’Ž‡™‹–Šƒ‹††Ž‡•‘ ‹‘Ǧ‡ ‘‘‹ •–ƒ–—•ƒ† Ž‘™‡ ‘‘‹  ‘’‡–‡ ‡ǡƒ•™‡ŽŽƒ•ͺǤ͵”‡•‹†‡–•‘ˆ‘Žƒ†™‹–ŠƒŽ‘™•‘ ‹‘Ǧ ‡ ‘‘‹ •–ƒ–—•ƒ†Ž‘™‡ ‘‘‹  ‘’‡–‡ ‡ȏƒ ŠƒÏƒǡ

(72) †œ‹ʹͲͳ͹ȐǤ. High. TRiM 45 pts. 5%. TRiM 48 pts. 7%. TRiM 56 pts. 4%. Medium. TRiM 45 pts. 4%. TRiM 47 pts. 6%. TRiM 52 pts. 5%. Low. Knowledge and interest in the information about economics, country's economy, inancial services. Diagram 5. TRiM Index of the banks, consumer’s economic competence by groups of socio-economic status. TRiM 32 pts. 29%. TRiM 41 pts. 26%. TRiM 43 pts. 14%. Low. Medium. High. Socio-economic status. ‘—” ‡ǣƒ ŠƒÏƒǡ

(73) †œ‹ȏʹͲͳ͹Ȑ„ƒ•‡†‘ǣ‡’—–ƒ Œƒ‘Ž•‹‡‰‘‡–‘”ƒƒ‘™‡‰‘ʹͲͳ͸ȋ‡’—–ƒ–‹‘‘ˆ –Š‡‘Ž‹•Šƒ‹‰‡ –‘”Ȍǡǡƒ”•œƒ™ƒǤ.

(74) –Š‡‘’‹‹‘‘ˆ–Š‡ƒ—–Š‘”•‘ˆ–Š‡”‡’‘”–

(75) ’”‘˜‹‰ǥȏʹͲͲͷȐǡ‘”‡ˆƒ˜‘”ƒ„Ž‡‘’‹‹‘• ƒ„‘—–„ƒ•ƒ”‡ƒ‘‰–Š‡ ‘•—‡”•™‹–ŠŠ‹‰Š‡”‡ ‘‘‹  ‘’‡–‡ ‡„‡ ƒ—•‡ –Š‡›—†‡”•–ƒ†–Š‡ϐ‹ƒ ‹ƒŽ’”‘†— –•ǡ‘–‹‘•ƒ†”‹••™Š‹ Š‡ƒ„Ž‡–Š‡–‘ƒ‡ ‘”‡ ‘• ‹‘—• Š‘‹ ‡•ǡƒ•™‡ŽŽƒ•–Š‡‘™Ž‡†‰‡™Š‡”‡ƒ••‹•–ƒ ‡ ƒ„‡ˆ‘—†ƒ† ™Šƒ–‡ˆˆ‡ –‹˜‡ƒ –‹‘• ƒ„‡—†‡”–ƒ‡–‘‘’–‹ƒŽŽ›—•‡–Š‡ϐ‹ƒ ‹ƒŽ•‡”˜‹ ‡•ǤŠ‡ ‘ Ž—•‹‘• ˆ”‘ –Š‡ ”‡’‘”– ”‡•‹†‡–ǯ•ǤǤǤ ȏʹͲͳͲȐ ‹†‹ ƒ–‡ –Šƒ– –Š‡ ‘•—‡”• ™‹–Š. ͳͲͷ.

(76) ”‘„Ž‡•ƒ†’‹‹‘•. ƒˆ‡ƒʹȋ͹ͳȌʹͲͳͺ. Š‹‰Š‡”‡ ‘‘‹  ‘’‡–‡ ‡Šƒ˜‡–Š‡ƒ„‹Ž‹–›–‘ƒ’’Ž›–Š‡‹”‘™Ž‡†‰‡ƒ†•‹ŽŽ•‹ ‘”†‡”–‘‡ˆϐ‹ ‹‡–Ž›ƒƒ‰‡–Š‡‹”ϐ‹ƒ ‹ƒŽƒ••‡–•Ǥ–Š‡‘–Š‡”Šƒ†ǡ–Š‡ƒ—–Š‘”•‘ˆ –Š‡ ”‡’‘”– ƒ–‹‘ƒŽǥ ȏʹͲͳͳȐ ‡˜ƒŽ—ƒ–‡ –Šƒ– –Š‡ ‡ ‘‘‹  ‘’‡–‡ ‡ ’”‘˜‹†‡• –Š‡ ƒ„‹Ž‹–›–‘’ƒ••Œ—†‰‡–•ƒ†—†‡”–ƒ‡‡ˆˆ‡ –‹˜‡†‡ ‹•‹‘• ‘ ‡”‹‰–Š‡—•ƒ‰‡‘ˆ –Š‡‘‡›ƒ••‡–•ƒ†Š‘™–‘ƒƒ‰‡–Š‡Ǥ. 4. Application of the latent class analysis in typological classiϐication of the Polish society by ϐinancial competence Š‡ ‘’‡–‡ ‡ ‹• ƒ •‡– ‘ˆ ‘‰‹–‹˜‡ ƒ† ‘Ǧ ‘‰‹–‹˜‡ ˆ‡ƒ–—”‡• ™Š‹ Š ”‡ƒ–‡ ‡”–ƒ‹’‘–‡–‹ƒŽǡ‘””ƒ–Š‡”–Š‡ƒ„‹Ž‹–›–‘’‡”ˆ‘”Ž‹ˆ‡–ƒ••™Š‹ Šƒ’’‡ƒ”‹ƒ ‡”–ƒ‹ ‘–‡š–Ǥ

(77) – ‹• ‘– ’‘••‹„Ž‡ –‘ †‡• ”‹„‡ –Š‡ ‡˜ƒŽ—ƒ–‹‘ ‘ˆ –Š‡ ϐ‹ƒ ‹ƒŽ ‘’‡–‡ ‡ ‘ˆ –Š‡ ‘•—‡”• ™‹–Š ‘Ž› ‘‡ ˜ƒ”‹ƒ„Ž‡Ǥ Š‡ ‡ ‘‘‹  ‘’‡–‡ ‡ ‹ Ž—†‡• ‘™Ž‡†‰‡ǡ •‹ŽŽ•ǡ ƒ––‹–—†‡•ǡ ‡š’‡”‹‡ ‡ǡ —•ƒ‰‡ ‘ˆ ‘™Ž‡†‰‡ ƒ† –‘‘Ž• ‹ •‘Ž˜‹‰ ’”‘„Ž‡•ǡ ƒ• ™‡ŽŽ ƒ• ’‡”ˆ‘”‹‰ †‹ˆˆ‡”‡– –›’‡• ‘ˆ ƒ –‹˜‹–‹‡• ƒ‹‡† ƒ– ‡ ‘‘‹  ’”‘„Ž‡•ȏ ”‹‡•‡ǡ†‡”•‘ʹͲͲͶǡ‡ƒ•—”‹‰ǥʹͲͳͳȐǤ ”‘ –Š‡ ’‘‹– ‘ˆ ˜‹‡™ ‘ˆ –Š‡ ‡ƒ•—”‡‡–•ǡ –Š‡ ‹†‡š‡• ‘ˆ †‹ˆˆ‡”‡– •–ƒ–‡• ™‡”‡ ”‡’”‡•‡–‡† „› ͳʹ ˜ƒ”‹ƒ„Ž‡• ™Š‹ Š †‡• ”‹„‡† –Š‡ ƒ‹ ƒ”‡ƒ• ‘ˆ ‡ ‘‘‹  ‘’‡–‡ ‡ ‘ˆ –Š‡ ‘•—‡”ǣ ͳǤ ˜ƒŽ—ƒ–‹‘ ‘ˆ –Š‡ ‘˜‡”ƒŽŽ ‡ ‘‘‹  ‘™Ž‡†‰‡ǡ ʹǤ ‘‘‹‰ ˆ‘” ‹ˆ‘”ƒ–‹‘ ƒ„‘—– „ƒ• ƒ† –Š‡‹” •‡”˜‹ ‡•ǡ ͵Ǥ ‡‹‰ ‹–‡”‡•–‡† ‹ ‡ ‘‘‹ ‹••—‡•ǡͶǤ˜ƒŽ—ƒ–‹‘‘ˆ–Š‡‡‡†–‘”ƒ‹•‡‘™Ž‡†‰‡ƒ„‘—––Š‡ϐ‹ƒ ‹ƒŽ •‡”˜‹ ‡•ǡͷǤŠ‡• ‘’‡‘ˆ—•‹‰–Š‡ϐ‹ƒ ‹ƒŽ•‡”˜‹ ‡•ǡ͸ǤŠƒ”‹‰‹ˆ‘”ƒ–‹‘ƒ„‘—– „ƒ•ǡ ͹Ǥ š’‡”‹‡ ‡ ‹ —•‹‰ –Š‡ „ƒ‹‰ •‡”˜‹ ‡•ǡ ͺǤ ‹•Ž‹‡ –‘™ƒ”†• ”ƒ‹•‹‰ ‘™Ž‡†‰‡ƒ„‘—––Š‡ϐ‹ƒ ‹ƒŽ•‡”˜‹ ‡•ƒ†‡ ‘‘›ǡͻǤŠ‡‹–‡•‹–›‘ˆ—•‹‰–Š‡

(78) –‡”‡–‹‘”†‡”–‘‰ƒ‹‹ˆ‘”ƒ–‹‘ǡͳͲǤŠ‡—„‡”‘ˆ‘™ϐ‹ƒ ‹ƒŽ’”‘†— –•ǡ –Š‡—„‡”‘ˆ‘™„ƒ„”ƒ†•ǡͳͳǤŠ‡ƒ„‹Ž‹–›–‘ƒƒ‰‡–Š‡Š‘—•‡Š‘Ž†„—†‰‡–ǡ ͳʹǤ †— ƒ–‹‘Ǥ  •‹‹Žƒ” ‘ ‡’– ‘ˆ •‡‰‡–ƒ–‹‘ „› •‡Ž‡ –‹‰ –Š”‡‡ •‡‰‡–• ‘ˆ ‘•—‡”•™ƒ•—•‡†‹–Š‡•–—†›ǣ‹œ‡”—‡‘Ž•‹‡‰‘‡–‘”ƒƒ‘™‡‰‘ʹͲͳ͹ ȋ

(79) ƒ‰‡‘ˆ–Š‡‘Ž‹•Šƒ‹‰‡ –‘”ȌǤ Table 1. Selected criteria of ϐitting the latent class model. 

(80)  ȋ‘•‹•–‡–ƒ‹‡ Žƒ••‹ϐ‹ ƒ–‹‘

(81) ˆ‘”ƒ–‹‘”‹–‡Ǧ ‡””‘” ”‹‘Ȍ. —„‡” ‘ˆŽƒ––‡– Žƒ••‡•. 

(82)  ȋƒ›‡•‹ƒ

(83) ˆ‘”ƒǦ –‹‘”‹–‡”‹‘Ȍ. 

(84)  ȋƒ‹‡

(85) ˆ‘”ƒ–‹‘ ”‹–‡”‹‘Ȍ. ʹ. ͳͻ͵ͳͺǤ͸͸. ͳͻͳͻͷǤʹ͹. ͳͻ͵ͶͺǤ͸͸. ͲǤͳͻͷͶ. ͵. ͳͺͻͳͺǤ͸Ͷ. ͳͺ͹ͻͳǤͳ͵. ͳͺͻͶͻǤ͸Ͷ. ͲǤͳʹ͵ͺ. Ͷ. ͳͺͺͶ͹Ǥͻͷ. ͳͺ͹ͳ͸Ǥ͵͵. ͳͺͺ͹ͻǤͻͷ. ͲǤͳͲͶͶ. ͷ. ͳͺͺ͸ͳǤ͵͸. ͳͺ͹ʹͷǤ͸͵. ͳͺͺͻͶǤ͵͸. ͲǤʹ͵ͲͶ. ‘—” ‡ǣ‡•—Ž–•‘ˆ‘™”‡•‡ƒ” Š‘–Š‡„ƒ•‹•‘ˆ‘‘ ‹ƒ ‡ʹͲͳ͹ǡƒ–ƒ”ǡƒ”•œƒ™ƒʹͲͳ͹Ǥ. ͳͲ͸.

(86) ”‘„Ž‡•ƒ†’‹‹‘•. ƒˆ‡ƒʹȋ͹ͳȌʹͲͳͺ. ‘™‡˜‡”ǡ‹–™ƒ•‡ ‡••ƒ”›–‘†‡–‡”‹‡–Š‡—„‡”‘ˆ Ž—•–‡”•ȋŽƒ–‡– Žƒ••‡•Ȍ‹ –Š‡ ϐ‹”•– •–‡’Ǥ ‘—” ƒŽ–‡”ƒ–‹˜‡ ‘†‡Ž• ‘–ƒ‹‹‰ ˆ”‘ –™‘ –‘ ϐ‹˜‡ Žƒ–‡– Žƒ••‡• ȋƒ„Ž‡ͳȌ™‡”‡‡•–‹ƒ–‡†ǤŠ‡ Š‘‹ ‡‘ˆ–Š‡Žƒ–‡– Žƒ••‡•™ƒ•ƒ†‡„› ‘’ƒ”‹‰ –Š‡

(87) ƒ†

(88) ”ƒ–‹‰•ƒ•™‡ŽŽƒ•–Š‡”ƒ–‹‰‘ˆ–Š‡ Žƒ••‹ϐ‹ ƒ–‹‘‡””‘”ǤŠ‡Ž‘™‡•– ˜ƒŽ—‡‘ˆ–Š‡

(89) ƒ†

(90) ‹ˆ‘”ƒ–‹‘ ”‹–‡”‹ƒƒ•™‡ŽŽƒ•–Š‡ Žƒ••‹ϐ‹ ƒ–‹‘‡””‘”™‡”‡ ”‡ƒ Š‡†ˆ‘”–Š‡‘†‡Ž™‹–Šˆ‘—”Žƒ–‡– Žƒ••‡•ȋƒ„Ž‡ͳȌǤŠ‡ Žƒ••‹ϐ‹ ƒ–‹‘‡””‘”‹ –Š‡ ƒ•‡‘ˆ–Š‹••‘Ž—–‹‘™ƒ•ͲǤͳͲͶͶǡƒ†‹–Š‡ ƒ•‡‘ˆ”‡†— ‹‰‘”‹ ”‡ƒ•‹‰–Š‡ —„‡”‘ˆŽƒ–‡– Žƒ••‡•ǡ‹–‹ ”‡ƒ•‡†ǤŠ‡Ž‡˜‡Ž‘ˆpƒŽ•‘†‹†‘–‡š ‡‡†ͲǤͲͷ‹–Š‡ ƒ•‡‘ˆ–Š‡‘†‡Ž™‹–Šˆ‘—”Žƒ–‡– Žƒ••‡•Ǥ Š‡’ƒ”ƒ‡–‡”•‘ˆ–Š‡Žƒ–‡– Žƒ••‘†‡Ž™‡”‡ ƒŽ —Žƒ–‡†ˆ‘”ƒͶǦ Žƒ••‘†‡ŽǤŽŽ –Š‡˜ƒ”‹ƒ„Ž‡•Šƒ†ƒ•‹‰‹ϐ‹ ƒ–‹’ƒ –‘–Š‡†‹• ”‹‹ƒ–‹‘‘ˆ–Š‡Žƒ–‡–•‡‰‡–•Ǥ  –Š‡ „ƒ•‹• ‘ˆ –Š‡ ‡˜ƒŽ—ƒ–‹‘ ‘ˆ –Š‡ ‘†‹–‹‘ƒŽ Ž‹‡Ž‹Š‘‘† ‘ˆ ƒ––”‹„—–‹‰ –Š‡ ͳʹ ‹†‹˜‹†—ƒŽ ‹†‡š‡• –‘ ‡ƒ Š Žƒ–‡– Žƒ••ǡ –Š‡ ’”‘’‡” ƒ‡• ‘ˆ ‹†‹˜‹†—ƒŽ Žƒ–‡– Žƒ••‡• ȋ•‡‰‡–•Ȍ ™‡”‡ †‡ϐ‹‡†ǡ ƒ† ’”‘ϐ‹Ž‡• ‘ˆ ‡ƒ Š •‡‰‡– ™‡”‡ †”ƒ™ —’Ǥ • ƒ ”‡•—Ž– ‘ˆ ƒ’’Ž›‹‰ ƒ ˆ‘—”Ǧ Žƒ•• ‘†‡Žǡ –Š‡ †‹‡•‹‘• ‘ˆ ‡ƒ Š •‡‰‡– ™‡”‡ †‡–‡”‹‡†ȋ‹ƒ‰”ƒ͸ȌǤŠ‡ƒƒŽ›œ‹‰–Š‡„ƒ•ǯ”ƒ–‹‰•ˆ”‘–Š‡’‡”•’‡ –‹˜‡‘ˆ ˆ‘—”•‡Ž‡ –‡†•‡‰‡–•ǡ–Š‡‹

(91) †‡š”‡ƒ Š‡•–Š‡˜ƒŽ—‡‘ˆʹͷ‹–Š‡ϐ‹”•–•‡‰‡–ǡ ͵͹‹–Š‡•‡ ‘†•‡‰‡–ǡͶͷ‹–Š‡–Š‹”†•‡‰‡–ƒ†ͷ͹‹–Š‡ˆ‘—”–Š•‡‰‡–Ǥ Diagram 6. Typological classiϐication of the Polish society by ϐinancial competence % 60. 57 45. 40. 40. 37. 30. 30 20 10. 60 50. 50. 25 48%. 20. 30%. 10. 17% 6%. 0 Segment 1. Segment 2 Consumer segments. Segment 3. –. Segment 4. TRIM Index. ‘—” ‡ǣ‡•—Ž–•‘ˆ‘™”‡•‡ƒ” Š‘–Š‡„ƒ•‹•‘ˆ‘‘ ‹ƒ ‡ʹͲͳ͹ǡƒ–ƒ”ǡƒ”•œƒ™ƒʹͲͳ͹Ǥ. ‡‰‡–ͳȄDz‡ŽˆǦ‡š Ž—†‡†dz ‘•–‹–—–‡•ͳͺΨ‘ˆ–Š‡‘Ž‹•Š•‘ ‹‡–›Ǥ

(92) –‹•”‡’”‡•‡–‡† „›’‡‘’Ž‡™‹–Š–Š‡Ž‘™‡•–‡ ‘‘‹  ‘’‡–‡ ‡Ǥ‹‰Š–‘—–‘ˆ–‡ȋͺͳΨȌ’‡‘’Ž‡‹ –Š‹••‡‰‡–Šƒ˜‡Ž‘™ȋ͵ͶΨȌ‘”˜‡”›Ž‘™ȋͶ͹ΨȌ‘™Ž‡†‰‡ƒ„‘—–‡ ‘‘›ǡƒ† ͺͻΨƒ”‡‘–‹–‡”‡•–‡†‹”ƒ‹•‹‰‘‡ǯ•‘™Ž‡†‰‡‹–Š‹•”‡•’‡ –Ǥ

(93) – ƒ„‡ƒ••—‡† –Šƒ– ƒŽ‘•– ƒŽŽ ’‡‘’Ž‡ ‹ –Š‹• •‡‰‡– ȋͻͺΨȌ †‘ ‘– Ž‘‘ ˆ‘” ‹ˆ‘”ƒ–‹‘ ƒ„‘—– ‡ ‘‘› ‘” „ƒ•ǡ ƒ† ͻͻΨ †‘ ‘– –ƒŽ ƒ„‘—– „ƒ• ‘” ‡ ‘‘‹  ‹••—‡•Ǥ ‹‰Š– ‘—–‘ˆ–‡ȋ͹ʹΨȌ†‘‘–—•‡ƒ›ϐ‹ƒ ‹ƒŽ•‡”˜‹ ‡•Ǥ–ƒ–‹•–‹ ƒŽŽ›•’‡ƒ‹‰ǡƒ’‡”•‘ ˆ”‘–Š‹••‡‰‡–‹•ˆƒ‹Ž‹ƒ”™‹–ŠͲǤͶ„ƒ‹‰’”‘†— –ȋ‘™•™Šƒ–‹–‹•ˆ‘”ƒ† Š‘™–‘—•‡‹–ȌǤ‘”‡–ŠƒŠƒŽˆ‘ˆ–Š‡’‡‘’Ž‡ȋͷͺΨȌ‹–Š‹••‡‰‡–‡˜ƒŽ—ƒ–‡–Šƒ– –Š‡”‡‹•ƒŠ‹‰Š”‹•–Šƒ–‹–Š‡ˆ—–—”‡–Š‡›‹‰Š–ƒ‡„ƒ††‡ ‹•‹‘•™Š‡—•‹‰. ͳͲ͹.

(94) ƒˆ‡ƒʹȋ͹ͳȌʹͲͳͺ. ”‘„Ž‡•ƒ†’‹‹‘•. –Š‡ „ƒ‹‰ •‡”˜‹ ‡•Ǥ ‘”‡‘˜‡”ǡ ͶͶΨ •ƒ› –Šƒ– –Š‡ †‡ ‹•‹‘• ‘ –Š‡ ƒ”‡– ‘ˆ –Š‡ ϐ‹ƒ ‹ƒŽ•‡”˜‹ ‡•ƒ”‡‡ƒ•›ƒ†ˆƒ•–ǡƒ†͸ͳΨ–”—•––Š‡‹”•‹ŽŽ•ƒ•”‡‰ƒ”†•—•‹‰–Š‡ ϐ‹ƒ ‹ƒŽ•‡”˜‹ ‡•Ǥ

(95) –Š‡•‘ ‹‘Ǧ†‡‘‰”ƒ’Š‹ ’‡”•’‡ –‹˜‡–Š‡•‡ƒ”‡–Š‡’‡‘’Ž‡ƒ‰‡† —†‡”ʹʹȋʹͷΨȌƒ†‘˜‡”͸ͲȋͶͷΨȌǢ™‹–Š‡Ž‡‡–ƒ”›‡†— ƒ–‹‘ȋʹ͵ΨȌǡŒ—‹‘”Š‹‰Š • Š‘‘Ž‡†— ƒ–‹‘ȋʹ͵ΨȌǡƒ†˜‘ ƒ–‹‘ƒŽ‡†— ƒ–‹‘ȋʹͻΨȌǤͶͶΨ‘ˆ–Š‡Ž‹˜‡‹–Š‡ ”—”ƒŽƒ”‡ƒ•‘”–‘™•™‹–Šƒ’‘’—Žƒ–‹‘‘ˆ—†‡”ʹͲȋͳͶΨȌǤ ‡™‡”–ŠƒŠƒŽˆ‘ˆ–Š‹• •‡‰‡–ȋͶͷΨȌ—•‡–Š‡

(96) –‡”‡–‡˜‡”›†ƒ›Ǣƒ†ǡƒ––Š‡•ƒ‡–‹‡ǡ͵ͶΨ†‘‘–—•‡ –Š‡

(97) –‡”‡–ƒ–ƒŽŽǤ ‡‰‡–ʹȄDz‹–‡”‡•–‡†dz ‘•–‹–—–‡•ͶͺΨ‘ˆ–Š‡‘Ž‹•Š•‘ ‹‡–›Ǥ

(98) –‹•”‡’”‡•‡–‡† „›–Š‡’‡‘’Ž‡™‹–ŠŽ‘™‡ ‘‘‹  ‘’‡–‡ ‡Ǥ ƒŽˆȋͷͳΨȌ‘ˆ–Š‹••‡‰‡–Šƒ•Ž‘™ ȋ͵ʹΨȌ‘”˜‡”›Ž‘™ȋͳͻΨȌ‘™Ž‡†‰‡ƒ„‘—–‡ ‘‘›ƒ†ϐ‹ƒ ‹ƒŽ•‡”˜‹ ‡•Ǣ͹ͻΨ ƒ”‡‘–‹–‡”‡•–‡†‹”ƒ‹•‹‰–Š‡‹”‘™Ž‡†‰‡ƒ„‘—–‡ ‘‘›ǤͷΨ‘ˆ–Š‹••‡‰‡– Ž‘‘ˆ‘”‹ˆ‘”ƒ–‹‘ƒ„‘—–‡ ‘‘›‘”„ƒ•ƒ–Ž‡ƒ•–ˆ”‘–‹‡–‘–‹‡ǡƒ†ͻ͹Ψ‘ˆ –Š‡†‘‘––ƒŽƒ„‘—–‡ ‘‘‹ ‹••—‡•‘–Š‡‹”‘™ƒ ‘”†Ǥ–ƒ–‹•–‹ ƒŽŽ›•’‡ƒ‹‰ǡ ƒ’‡”•‘ˆ”‘–Š‹••‡‰‡–‹•ˆƒ‹Ž‹ƒ”™‹–ŠʹǤ͵„ƒ‹‰’”‘†— –•ȋ‘™•™Šƒ–‹–‹• ˆ‘”ƒ†Š‘™–‘—•‡‹–ȌǤ‹š‘—–‘ˆ–‡’‡‘’Ž‡ȋ͸ʹΨȌ‹–Š‹••‡‰‡––Š‹–Šƒ––Š‡”‡‹• ƒŠ‹‰Š”‹•–Šƒ–‹–Š‡ˆ—–—”‡–Š‡›‹‰Š–ƒ‡„ƒ††‡ ‹•‹‘•™Š‡—•‹‰–Š‡„ƒ‹‰ •‡”˜‹ ‡•Ǥ ‘”Ͷ͵Ψ–Š‡†‡ ‹•‹‘•‘–Š‡ƒ”‡–‘ˆ–Š‡ϐ‹ƒ ‹ƒŽ•‡”˜‹ ‡•ƒ”‡‡ƒ•›ƒ† ˆƒ•–ǡƒ†͸͸Ψ–”—•––Š‡‹”•‹ŽŽ•ƒ•”‡‰ƒ”†•—•‹‰–Š‡ϐ‹ƒ ‹ƒŽ•‡”˜‹ ‡•Ǥ

(99) –Š‡•‘ ‹‘Ǧ †‡‘‰”ƒ’Š‹ ’‡”•’‡ –‹˜‡–Š‡•‡ƒ”‡–Š‡’‡‘’Ž‡ƒ‰‡†—†‡”ʹʹȋʹʹΨȌǡʹ͵Ȃ͵ͷȋʹʹΨȌ ƒ†͵͸ȂͶ͹ȋʹͳΨȌǡ™‹–Š‡Ž‡‡–ƒ”›‡†— ƒ–‹‘ȋ͵ʹΨȌǡƒ†™‹–Šϐ‹‹•Š‡†•‡ ‘†ƒ”› –‡ Š‹ ƒŽ‘”Š‹‰ŠǦ• Š‘‘Ž‡†— ƒ–‹‘ȋͶͳΨȌǤ͵͸Ψ‘ˆ–Š‡Ž‹˜‡‹–Š‡”—”ƒŽƒ”‡ƒ•‘” –‘™•™‹–Šƒ’‘’—Žƒ–‹‘‘ˆ—†‡”ʹͲǤȋͳͶΨȌǤ ‡™‡”–ŠƒŠƒŽˆ‘ˆ–Š‹••‡‰‡–ȋͶͺΨȌ —•‡–Š‡

(100) –‡”‡–‡˜‡”›†ƒ›Ǣƒ†ǡƒ––Š‡•ƒ‡–‹‡ǡʹͳΨ†‘‘–—•‡–Š‡

(101) –‡”‡–ƒ–ƒŽŽǤ ‡‰‡–͵ȄDz‡ ‘†Ǧ”ƒ–‡”•dz ‘•–‹–—–‡•͵ͲΨ‘ˆ–Š‡‘Ž‹•Š•‘ ‹‡–›Ǥ

(102) –‹•”‡’”‡•‡–‡† „›–Š‡’‡‘’Ž‡™‹–Šƒ˜‡”ƒ‰‡‡ ‘‘‹  ‘’‡–‡ ‡Ǥ™‘‘—–‘ˆ–‡’‡‘’Ž‡ȋʹͳΨȌ‹–Š‹• •‡‰‡–Šƒ˜‡Ž‘™ȋͳͺΨȌ‘”˜‡”›Ž‘™ȋ͵ΨȌ‘™Ž‡†‰‡ƒ„‘—–‡ ‘‘›ƒ†ϐ‹ƒ ‹ƒŽ •‡”˜‹ ‡•ǡ͸ͷΨƒ”‡‘–‹–‡”‡•–‡†‹”ƒ‹•‹‰–Š‡‹”‘™Ž‡†‰‡ƒ„‘—–‡ ‘‘›ǤͳͶΨ‘ˆ –Š‹••‡‰‡–Ž‘‘ˆ‘”‹ˆ‘”ƒ–‹‘ƒ„‘—–‡ ‘‘›‘”„ƒ•ǡ‘”–Š‡ϐ‹ƒ ‹ƒŽ•‡”˜‹ ‡• ƒ–Ž‡ƒ•–ˆ”‘–‹‡–‘–‹‡ǡƒ†ͻʹΨ‘ˆ–Š‡†‘‘––ƒŽƒ„‘—–‡ ‘‘‹ ‹••—‡•‘ –Š‡‹”‘™ƒ ‘”†Ǥ˜‡”›‘‡‹–Š‹••‡‰‡–—•‡•–Š‡ϐ‹ƒ ‹ƒŽ•‡”˜‹ ‡•Ǥ–ƒ–‹•–‹ ƒŽŽ› •’‡ƒ‹‰ǡƒ’‡”•‘ˆ”‘–Š‹••‡‰‡–‹•ˆƒ‹Ž‹ƒ”™‹–ŠͶǤ͵„ƒ‹‰’”‘†— –•ȋ‘™• ™Šƒ–‹–‹•ˆ‘”ƒ†Š‘™–‘—•‡‹–ȌǤ‘”‡–ŠƒŠƒŽˆȋͷͷΨȌ‹–Š‹••‡‰‡––Š‹–Šƒ– –Š‡”‡‹•ƒŠ‹‰Š”‹•–Šƒ–‹–Š‡ˆ—–—”‡–Š‡›‹‰Š–ƒ‡„ƒ††‡ ‹•‹‘•™Š‡—•‹‰ –Š‡„ƒ‹‰•‡”˜‹ ‡•Ǥ‘”‡‘˜‡”ǡͶͺΨ‡˜ƒŽ—ƒ–‡–Šƒ––Š‡†‡ ‹•‹‘•‘–Š‡ƒ”‡–‘ˆ –Š‡ϐ‹ƒ ‹ƒŽ•‡”˜‹ ‡•ƒ”‡‡ƒ•›ƒ†ˆƒ•–ǡƒͷͻΨ–”—•––Š‡‹”•‹ŽŽ•ƒ•”‡‰ƒ”†•—•‹‰–Š‡ ϐ‹ƒ ‹ƒŽ•‡”˜‹ ‡•Ǥ

(103) –Š‡•‘ ‹‘Ǧ†‡‘‰”ƒ’Š‹ ’‡”•’‡ –‹˜‡–Š‡•‡ƒ”‡–Š‡’‡‘’Ž‡ƒ‰‡† ͶͺȂͷͺȋʹͺΨȌǡ͵͸ȂͶ͹ȋʹͶΨȌƒ†ʹ͵Ȃ͵ͷȋʹ͵ΨȌǢ™‹–Šϐ‹‹•Š‡†•‡ ‘†ƒ”›–‡ Š‹ ƒŽ ‘”Š‹‰ŠǦ• Š‘‘Ž‡†— ƒ–‹‘ȋͶͶΨȌǡ˜‘ ƒ–‹‘ƒŽ‡†— ƒ–‹‘ȋͳͺΨȌ‘”Š‹‰Š‡”‡†— ƒ–‹‘ ȋʹʹΨȌǤ ͵͵Ψ ‘ˆ –Š‡ Ž‹˜‡ ‹ –Š‡ ”—”ƒŽ ƒ”‡ƒ• ‘” –‘™• ™‹–Š ƒ ’‘’—Žƒ–‹‘ ‘ˆ —†‡” ʹͲȋͳͳΨȌǡƒ†ͳ͸ΨŽ‹˜‡‹ ‹–‹‡•™‹–Šƒ’‘’—Žƒ–‹‘‘ˆ‘”‡–ŠƒͷͲͲǤ ‡™‡”–Šƒ –Š”‡‡Ǧˆ‘—”–Š•‹–Š‹••‡‰‡–ȋ͹ͲΨȌ—•‡–Š‡

(104) –‡”‡–‡˜‡”›†ƒ›Ǥ. ͳͲͺ.

(105) ƒˆ‡ƒʹȋ͹ͳȌʹͲͳͺ. ”‘„Ž‡•ƒ†’‹‹‘•. ‡‰‡–ͶȄDz‡ƒ†‡”•dz ‘•–‹–—–‡•͸Ψ‘ˆ–Š‡‘Ž‹•Š•‘ ‹‡–›Ǥ

(106) –‹•”‡’”‡•‡–‡†„›–Š‡ ’‡‘’Ž‡™‹–ŠŠ‹‰Š‡ ‘‘‹  ‘’‡–‡ ‡Ǥ‡˜‡‘—–‘ˆ–‡ȋ͹ΨȌ‹–Š‹••‡‰‡–Šƒ˜‡ Ž‘™ȋ͸ǤͷΨȌ‘”˜‡”›Ž‘™ȋͲǤͷΨȌ‘™Ž‡†‰‡ƒ„‘—–‡ ‘‘›ƒ†ϐ‹ƒ ‹ƒŽ•‡”˜‹ ‡•ǡ ͶͺΨ ƒ”‡ ‘– ‹–‡”‡•–‡† ‹ ”ƒ‹•‹‰ –Š‡‹” ‘™Ž‡†‰‡ ƒ„‘—– ‡ ‘‘›Ǥ ͵ʹΨ ‘ˆ –Š‹• •‡‰‡– Ž‘‘ ˆ‘” ‹ˆ‘”ƒ–‹‘ ƒ„‘—– ‡ ‘‘› ‘” „ƒ•ǡ ‘” –Š‡ ϐ‹ƒ ‹ƒŽ •‡”˜‹ ‡• ƒ–Ž‡ƒ•–ˆ”‘–‹‡–‘–‹‡ǡƒ†ʹͲΨ‘ˆ–Š‡–ƒŽ‘–Š‡‹”‘™ƒ ‘”†ƒ„‘—–„ƒ• ‘”‡ ‘‘‹ ‹••—‡•™‹–Š‘–Š‡”’‡‘’Ž‡Ǥ˜‡”›‘‡‹–Š‹••‡‰‡–—•‡•–Š‡ϐ‹ƒ ‹ƒŽ •‡”˜‹ ‡•Ǥ ƒŽˆ ‘ˆ –Š‡ ’‡‘’Ž‡ ȋͷͲΨȌ ‹ –Š‹• •‡‰‡– –Š‹ –Šƒ– –Š‡”‡ ‹• ƒ Š‹‰Š ”‹• –Šƒ–‹–Š‡ˆ—–—”‡–Š‡›‹‰Š–ƒ‡„ƒ††‡ ‹•‹‘•™Š‡—•‹‰–Š‡„ƒ‹‰•‡”˜‹ ‡•Ǥ ͸ʹΨ •ƒ› –Šƒ– –Š‡ †‡ ‹•‹‘• ‘ –Š‡ ƒ”‡– ‘ˆ –Š‡ ϐ‹ƒ ‹ƒŽ •‡”˜‹ ‡• ƒ”‡ ‡ƒ•› ƒ† ˆƒ•–Ǥ–ƒ–‹•–‹ ƒŽŽ›•’‡ƒ‹‰ǡƒ’‡”•‘ˆ”‘–Š‹••‡‰‡–‹•ˆƒ‹Ž‹ƒ”™‹–Š͸ǡʹ„ƒ‹‰ ’”‘†— –• ȋ‘™• ™Šƒ– ‹– ‹• ˆ‘” ƒ† Š‘™ –‘ —•‡ ‹–Ȍǡ ƒ† ͸͵Ψ –”—•– –Š‡‹” •‹ŽŽ• ƒ• ”‡‰ƒ”†• —•‹‰ –Š‡ ϐ‹ƒ ‹ƒŽ •‡”˜‹ ‡•Ǥ

(107)  –Š‡ •‘ ‹‘Ǧ†‡‘‰”ƒ’Š‹  ’‡”•’‡ –‹˜‡ –Š‡•‡ ƒ”‡–Š‡’‡‘’Ž‡ƒ‰‡†͵͸ȂͶ͹ȋ͵͸ΨȌǡͶͺȂͷͺȋʹͶΨȌƒ†ʹ͵Ȃ͵ͷȋͳ͸ΨȌǢ™‹–Šϐ‹‹•Š‡† •‡ ‘†ƒ”›–‡ Š‹ ƒŽ‘”‰‡‡”ƒŽ‡†— ƒ–‹‘ȋ͵ͷΨȌƒ•™‡ŽŽƒ•Š‹‰Š‡”‡†— ƒ–‹‘ȋʹͻΨȌǤ ʹ͵Ψ‘ˆ–Š‡Ž‹˜‡‹–Š‡”—”ƒŽƒ”‡ƒ•‘”–‘™•™‹–Šƒ’‘’—Žƒ–‹‘‘ˆʹͳȂͷͲȋʹͲΨȌǡ ƒ†ͳͺΨŽ‹˜‡‹ ‹–‹‡•™‹–Šƒ’‘’—Žƒ–‹‘‘ˆ‘”‡–ŠƒͷͲͲǤŠ”‡‡Ǧˆ‘—”–Š•‘ˆ–Š‹• •‡‰‡–ȋ͹͵ΨȌ—•‡–Š‡

(108) –‡”‡–‡˜‡”›†ƒ›Ǥ. 5. Summary Š‡–›’‘Ž‘‰‹ ƒŽ Žƒ••‹ϐ‹ ƒ–‹‘”‡˜‡ƒŽ‡†ˆ‘—”•‡‰‡–•‘ˆ ‘•—‡”•†‹˜‡”•‹ϐ‹‡†„› –Š‡ ‡ ‘‘‹  ‘’‡–‡ ‡ ’”‘ϐ‹Ž‡Ǥ Š‡ Žƒ–‡– Žƒ•• ‘†‡Ž ‡ƒ„Ž‡† ‹†‡–‹ϐ‹ ƒ–‹‘ ‘ˆ •—„–›’‡• ‘ˆ –Š‡ ‹–‡” ‘‡ –‡† ˆ‡ƒ–—”‡•Ǥ Š‹• ƒŽŽ‘™‡† ‘‡ –‘ Ž‡ƒ” –Š‡ •‘ ‹ƒŽ †‡–‡”‹ƒ–•‘ˆ–Š‡„ƒ•ǯ‡˜ƒŽ—ƒ–‹‘ǤŠ‡”‡•—Ž–•‘ˆ–Š‡Žƒ–‡– Žƒ••‘†‡Ž•ƒ› •‡”˜‡ –‘ „‡––‡” Ž‡ƒ” –Š‡ ‘’Ž‡š •‘ ‹ƒŽ ’Š‡‘‡ƒ ‘ –Š‡ ϐ‹ƒ ‹ƒŽ ƒ”‡– ƒ† •—’’‘”––Š‡ ‘—‹ ƒ–‹‘’”‘ ‡••ǤŠ‡‘„–ƒ‹‡†”‡•—Ž–•ƒŽŽ‘™‡†—•–‘”‡ˆ‡”–‘–Š‡ •‡Ž‡ –‡† ‰‡‡”ƒŽ‹œƒ–‹‘• ƒ† ‘’‹‹‘• ˆ— –‹‘‹‰ ‹ –Š‡ ’—„Ž‹  •’ƒ ‡Ǥ Š‡ •‘ ‹‘Ǧ †‡‘‰”ƒ’Š‹ ˆ‡ƒ–—”‡•ƒ•™‡ŽŽƒ•–Š‡’Žƒ ‡–Šƒ–ƒ ‘•—‡”‘ —’‹‡•‹–Š‡•‘ ‹ƒŽ •–”— –—”‡•ƒ”‡‹•—ˆϐ‹ ‹‡––‘‡š’Žƒ‹–Š‡‡˜ƒŽ—ƒ–‹‘•‘ˆ–Š‡„ƒ•Ǥ’‹‹‘•ƒ„‘—– „ƒ•ƒ”‡’‘‘”Ž› ‘””‡Žƒ–‡†™‹–Š–Š‡•‘ ‹‘Ǧ‡ ‘‘‹ •–ƒ–—•‘ˆ–Š‡ ‘•—‡”ǤŠ‡ ‡ ‘‘‹  ‘’‡–‡ ‡ ‹• ‘‡ ‘ˆ –Š‡ ‹’‘”–ƒ– ’”‡†‹ –‘”• ˆ‘”—Žƒ–‹‰ ‘’‹‹‘• ƒ„‘—–„ƒ•ǤŠ‡”‡‹•ƒ•–”‘‰”‡Žƒ–‹‘•Š‹’„‡–™‡‡–Š‡‡ ‘‘‹  ‘’‡–‡ ‡‘ˆ –Š‡ ‘•—‡”ƒ†–Š‡‘˜‡”ƒŽŽ‡˜ƒŽ—ƒ–‹‘‘ˆ–Š‡„ƒ•ǤŠ‡ ‘†‹–‹‘ˆ‘”Ž‘‰Ǧ–‡” ‹’”‘˜‡‡– ‘ˆ –Š‡ ‘’‹‹‘ ƒ„‘—– „ƒ• ‹• –Š‡ ‹ ”‡ƒ•‡ ‹ –Š‡ •‘ ‹‘Ǧ‡ ‘‘‹  •–ƒ–—•ƒ†ƒ•‹—Ž–ƒ‡‘—•‹ ”‡ƒ•‡‹–Š‡ ‘’‡–‡ ‡‘ˆ–Š‡„ƒ•ǯ —•–‘‡”•Ǥ. ͳͲͻ.

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