Dutch
multifunctional
motorway
tunnel
Frank van der Hoeven
water
tunnel
Maastunnel river crossing 1930/40s
metro
Rotterdam
immersed tunnel 1960s
Nieuwmarkt
demolition
mayor Samkalden visits construction site metro 1970s
stop the
metro!
Amsterdam metro, 1970s
boring
tunnel
2nd Heinenoordtunnel 1990s
pro-underground
protesters
large scale infrastructure projects like Betuweroute 1990s
new breed
of tunnels
Sijtwende 1990/2000s
open landscapes
quality of life
business centre
compact city
multifunctional uses motorway tunnels emerging from 1990s on
open
landscapes
Green Heart tunnel HST 1990/2000s
14.87m
diameter
Green Hearttunnel: 9.0 km €900 mln
quality
of life
Sijtwende tunnel 1994/2003
hollow
dike
cost effective > groundwater
13
business
centre
Zuidas Amsterdam masterplan: 1996
compact
city
landtunnel Leidsche Rijn / master plan: 1994, completion: 2012
15 maxwan
larger city
wider road
Leidsche Rijn: 30.000 homes / A2: 2x5 lanes
safety
air quality/noise
multifunctional use
costs/benefits
considerations multifunctional motorway tunnels
masterplan
based on a fully covered A2 motorway tunnel18 maxwan
tunnel
safety
doubts about feasibility 1996
half-open
a typcial Dutch compromise, 1997
air quality / noise
costs/benefits
501+6 = €507m
466+10 = €476m
511+0 = €511m
investment A2 + lost revenue urban development = total, variants 2-3-5
transport € 323m
environment € 99m
city/region € 83m
total sum € 505m
Ministry of Transport, Ministry of Environment, Utrecht
case closed
covered tunnel over full length 1.6 km: 2006societal support!
design alternatives
safety/air/noise/€
long term strategy
highlights
landtunnel Utrecht
http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.tust.2010.03.005
multifunctional
tunnel RingRing
http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.tust.2010.11.001
this PDF-file was used as keynote at the Underground City Forum 2012
