• Nie Znaleziono Wyników

Determinanty nabywania ubezpieczeń przez samorządy gminne w Polsce - Biblioteka UMCS

N/A
N/A
Protected

Academic year: 2021

Share "Determinanty nabywania ubezpieczeń przez samorządy gminne w Polsce - Biblioteka UMCS"

Copied!
13
0
0

Pełen tekst

(1)

8 1 , 9 ( 5 6 , 7$7 , 6   0 $ 5 , $ (   & 8 5 , (  6 . à 2 ' 2 : 6 . $ /8%/,1±32/21,$

92/;/9,,, 6(&7,2+ 

8QLZHUV\WHW(NRQRPLF]Q\Z3R]QDQLX.DWHGUD8EH]SLHF]HĔ

-$&(./,62:6.,0$5&,1:2-7.2:,$.

'HWHUPLQDQW\QDE\ZDQLDXEH]SLHF]HĔ

SU]H]VDPRU]ąG\JPLQQHZ3ROVFH

'HWHUPLQDQWVRIWKHEX\LQJRILQVXUDQFHE\WKHORFDOJRYHUQPHQWVLQ3RODQG

6áRZDNOXF]RZHGHWHUPLQDQW\XEH]SLHF]HQLHRFKURQDXEH]SLHF]HQLRZDVDPRU]ąGJPLQQ\

.H\ZRUGVGHWHUPLQDQWVLQVXUDQFHLQVXUDQFHFRYHUDJHORFDOJRYHUQPHQW

:VWĊS

1DĞZLHFLHSU]HSURZDG]RQRZLHOHEDGDĔGRW\F]ąF\FKF]\QQLNyZ GHWHUPLQDQW  SRS\WXQDXEH]SLHF]HQLD&]\QQLNLWHSRG]LHORQRQDF]WHU\JUXS\HNRQRPLF]QHGH- PRJUDILF]QHVSRáHF]QRNXOWXURZHRUD]VWUXNWXUDOQH>%HGQDUF]\NV±@

: QLQLHMV]\P DUW\NXOH ]DSURSRQRZDQR DXWRUVNL SRG]LDá GHWHUPLQDQW QDE\ZDQLD

XEH]SLHF]HĔSU]H]VDPRU]ąG\JPLQQHZ3ROVFHREHMPXMąF\SLĊüJUXS URG]DMyZ W\FK

F]\QQLNyZHNRQRPLF]QHSUDZQHKLVWRU\F]QHRUJDQL]DF\MQRNXOWXURZHVSRáHF]QH

'HWHUPLQDQW\HNRQRPLF]QH

,GHQW\ILNDFMDF]\QQLNyZUHDOL]DFMLU\]\ND

'HWHUPLQDQWD WD VWDQRZL JUXSĊ F]\QQLNyZ R FKDUDNWHU]H RELHNW\ZQ\P NWyUH

ZSá\ZDMą QD SUDZGRSRGRELHĔVWZR PDWHULDOL]DFML U\]\ND .RQVHNZHQFMą MHJR UHD- OL]DFML MHVW ]DLVWQLHQLH V]NRG\ ORVRZHM Z PDMąWNX JPLQ\ V]NRGD U]HF]RZD F]\VWD

(2)

 -$&(./,62:6.,0$5&,1:2-7.2:,$.

VWUDWDILQDQVRZD OXERERZLą]HNZ\SáDW\RGV]NRGRZDQLDSU]H]JPLQĊ]DZ\U]ąG]RQą

RVRELHWU]HFLHMV]NRGĊ

=GDU]HQLDORVRZH]DJUDĪDMąFHJPLQLH

=GDU]HQLDORVRZHVWDQRZLąEH]SRĞUHGQLą VSUDZF]ą SU]\F]\QĊUHDOL]DFMLU\]\ND

LGODWHJRPXV]ąSRGOHJDüU]HWHOQHMLGHQW\ILNDFMLLRFHQLH0RJąRQHSU]\EUDüSRVWDü

• VLáSU]\URG\ QSKXUDJDQRJLHĔSRZyGĨ 

• G]LDáDĔRVyEWU]HFLFK NUDG]LHĪUDEXQHNZDQGDOL]P 

• ]GDU]HQLDSUDZQHJR QLHNRU]\VWQH]PLDQ\SU]HSLVyZSUDZDQSQDáRĪHQLHQD

JPLQĊRERZLą]NXZ\NRQ\ZDQLD]DGDĔQLHSRĪąGDQ\FKSU]H]WHQSRGPLRW 

• SURFHVyZHNRQRPLF]Q\FKVSRáHF]Q\FKSROLW\F]Q\FK

=DNUHVDNW\ZQRĞFLJPLQ\ZUHDOL]DFML]DGDĔSXEOLF]Q\FK

$NW\ZQRĞüJPLQ\Z]DNUHVLHUHDOL]DFML]DGDĔSXEOLF]Q\FKVWDQRZL]DJURĪHQLH

GOD MHM RJyOQHM V\WXDFML PDMąWNRZHM SRQLHZDĪ JHQHUXMH U\]\NR RGSRZLHG]LDOQRĞFL

F\ZLOQHM

6DPRU]ąG\JPLQQHIXQNFMRQXMąZFHOXZ\NRQ\ZDQLD]DGDĔSXEOLF]Q\FK:]ZLą]- NX ] Z\]QDF]HQLHP JPLQ\ MDNR SRGVWDZRZHM MHGQRVWNL VDPRU]ąGX WHU\WRULDOQHJR

Z3ROVFH>DUWXVW.RQVW\WXFML53]NZLHWQLDU']81USR]@

PXVLDáDRQD]RVWDüZ\SRVDĪRQDZ]DVyE]DGDĔLNRPSHWHQFMLRGSRZLHGQLRZLĊNV]\

RG SR]RVWDá\FK MHGQRVWHN VDPRU]ąGX WHU\WRULDOQHJR -HM ]QDF]HQLH MHVW GRGDWNRZR

Z]PDFQLDQHSU]H]GRPQLHPDQLHQDMHMU]HF]]DGDĔZV\VWHPLHVDPRU]ąGXWHU\WR- ULDOQHJR ]JRGQLH]DUWXVW.RQVW\WXFML53 WM]DUyZQRQDV]F]HEOXORNDOQ\P

JPLQD±SRZLDW  MDN L UHJLRQDOQ\P JPLQD±ZRMHZyG]WZR  >1LHZLDGRPVNL 

V±@

*PLQDUHDOL]XMHSU]HGHZV]\VWNLP]DGDQLDZáDVQHF]\OL]DGDQLDSXEOLF]QHVáX- ĪąFH]DVSRNDMDQLXSRWU]HEZVSyOQRW\JPLQQHM:\UDĪDMąRQHVDPRG]LHOQRĞüJPLQ\

G]LDáDQLH Z LPLHQLX ZáDVQ\P L QD ZáDVQą RGSRZLHG]LDOQRĞü  D LFK ]DNUHV MHVW

RJUDQLF]RQ\Z\áąF]QLHXVWDZRZR G]LDáDQLH]JRGQLH]XVWDZDPLLZUDPDFKXVWDZ 

=DGDQLDZáDVQHVWDQRZLąRLVWRFLH VHQVLH VDPRU]ąGXWHU\WRULDOQHJR>%RURGR

V±@3RQDGWRJPLQLHPRJąE\üZGURG]HXVWDZ\SU]HND]DQHGRZ\NRQ\ZDQLD

]DGDQLD]OHFRQH EĊGąFHUyZQLHĪ]DGDQLDPLSXEOLF]Q\PL MHĪHOLZ\QLNDWR]X]D- VDGQLRQ\FKSRWU]HESDĔVWZD

3R]DZ\NRQ\ZDQLHPSU]H]JPLQĊ]DGDĔZáDVQ\FKOXE]OHFRQ\FKZJUDQLFDFK

RNUHĞORQ\FKSU]H]SU]HSLV\SUDZDJPLQDPRĪHUHDOL]RZDü]DGDQLDQDSRGVWDZLHSR- UR]XPLHĔ]RUJDQDPLDGPLQLVWUDFMLU]ąGRZHMSRZLDWDPLOXEZRMHZyG]WZDPL=NROHL

]LQQ\PLJPLQDPLPRĪH]DZLHUDüSRUR]XPLHQLD>DUWXVW8VWDZ\RVDPRU]ąG]LH

 3RG]LDáQD]DGDQLDZáDVQHL]OHFRQHZSURZDG]RQ\]RVWDáZDUW.RQVW\WXFMLDSRZLHORQ\ZDUW

8VWDZ\]GQLDPDUFDURVDPRU]ąG]LHJPLQQ\P WHNVWMHGQROLW\']8]USR] 

(3)

JPLQQ\P@RUD]WZRU]\ü]ZLą]NLPLĊG]\JPLQQH>DUWXVWWHMXVWDZ\@SU]\F]\P

WDNDZVSyáSUDFDPRĪHSROHJDüQDSU]\MPRZDQLD]DGDĔGRZ\NRQDQLD ]ZLĊNV]HQLH

U\]\NDRGSRZLHG]LDOQRĞFLF\ZLOQHM OXELFKRGGDZDQLX ]PQLHMV]HQLHU\]\NDRGSR- ZLHG]LDOQRĞFLF\ZLOQHM :\NRQDZFDPL]DGDĔ]]DNUHVXJRVSRGDUNLNRPXQDOQHMPRJą

E\üWDNĪHRVRE\IL]\F]QHRVRE\SUDZQHOXEMHGQRVWNLRUJDQL]DF\MQHQLHSRVLDGDMąFH

RVRERZRĞFLSUDZQHMNWyU\PUHDOL]DFMD]DGDĔSRZLHU]RQD]RVWDáDZGURG]HXPRZ\

>DUW8VWDZ\RJRVSRGDUFHNRPXQDOQHM@

,VWRWQH]QDF]HQLHPDSRG]LDá]DGDĔ ]DUyZQRZáDVQ\FKMDNL]OHFRQ\FK QDREOL- JDWRU\MQHRUD]IDNXOWDW\ZQH2REOLJDWRU\MQRĞFL]DGDQLDSU]HVąG]DXVWDZDQDWRPLDVW

RSRGMĊFLX]DGDĔIDNXOWDW\ZQ\FKGHF\GXMąSRV]F]HJyOQHJPLQ\SU]\F]\P]DGDQLDWH

PXV]ąVáXĪ\ü]ELRURZ\PSRWU]HERPZVSyOQRW\>-ĊGU]HMHZVNLV±@7\P

VDP\PJPLQDGHF\GXMąFRSRGMĊFLXRNUHĞORQHMG]LDáDOQRĞFLZSá\ZDQDU\]\NR

:DVSHNFLHIXQNFMRQDOQ\P]DGDQLDVDPRU]ąGXJPLQQHJRPRĪQDVNODV\ILNRZDü

ZF]WHUHFKJUXSDFKGRW\F]ąFHLQIUDVWUXNWXU\WHFKQLF]QHMLQIUDVWUXNWXU\VSRáHF]QHM

SRU]ąGNX L EH]SLHF]HĔVWZD SXEOLF]QHJR RUD] áDGX SU]HVWU]HQQHJR L HNRORJLF]QHJR

>'ROQLFNLV@

2ERNG]LDáDQLDRFKDUDNWHU]HJRVSRGDUF]\P DGPLQLVWUDFMDĞZLDGF]ąFD JPLQD

PDSUDZRZV\WXDFMDFKZ\UDĨQLHZSUDZLHSU]HZLG]LDQ\FKGRZ\NRU]\VWDQLDIRUP

RFKDUDNWHU]HZáDGF]\P>1LHZLDGRPVNLV±@'RSU]HMDZyZZ\NRU]\VWDQLD

ZáDG]WZDSXEOLF]QHJRSU]H]JPLQĊ]DOLF]DVLĊZ\GDZDQLHGHF\]MLDGPLQLVWUDF\MQ\FK

RUD] XFKZDODQLH DNWyZ SUDZD PLHMVFRZHJR 8Z]JOĊGQLHQLH WHJR IDNWX PD LVWRWQH

]QDF]HQLHGODRFHQ\U\]\NDHZHQWXDOQ\FKURV]F]HĔRGV]NRGRZDZF]\FKZREHFJPLQ\

SRQLHZDĪVNXWNLEáĊGyZZ]DNUHVLHF]\QQRĞFLZáDG]WZDSXEOLF]QHJRPDMąFKDUDNWHU

przede wszystkim czystych strat finansowych (SXUHHFRQRPLFORVV 

&KDUDNWHUPLHQLDNRPXQDOQHJR

5RG]DMLFHFK\SRVLDGDQ\FKVNáDGQLNyZPLHQLDPRJąPLHüZSá\ZQDGHF\]MĊ

GRW\F]ąFą]DZDUFLDXEH]SLHF]HQLDSRQLHZDĪ

• SULRU\WHWHPMHVWRFKURQDPLHQLDR]QDF]HQLXNOXF]RZ\PGODUHDOL]DFML]DGDĔ

SXEOLF]Q\FK

• ]HVSyáFHFKIL]\F]Q\FK3SRVLDGDQHJRPLHQLDVWDQRZLF]\QQLNU\]\NDPDMąF\

ZSá\ZQDSUDZGRSRGRELHĔVWZRUHDOL]DFML]GDU]HQLDORVRZHJR KD]DUGIL]\F]Q\ 

>0LFKDOVNLV±@

= ]HVSRáX F]\QQLNyZ VWDQRZLąF\FK KD]DUG IL]\F]Q\ V]F]HJyOQHJR ]QDF]HQLD

QDELHUD ORNDOL]DFMD ] XZDJL QD ZLHONRĞü REV]DUX QD NWyU\P ]QDMGXMH VLĊ PLHQLH

NRPXQDOQH3UDZGRSRGRELHĔVWZRZ\VWąSLHQLDQLHNWyU\FK]GDU]HĔORVRZ\FK]DJUDĪD-

 3RGHMPRZDQLH ]DGDĔ IDNXOWDW\ZQ\FK VNXWNXMH ]ZLĊNV]HQLHP U\]\ND RGSRZLHG]LDOQRĞFL F\ZLOQHM

DWDNĪH Z]DOHĪQRĞFLRGNDWHJRULL]DGDQLD NRQLHF]QRĞFLąSRQLHVLHQLDLQZHVW\FMLU]HF]RZ\FKNWyUHVWDQRZLą

ZDUWRĞFLSRGOHJDMąFHRFKURQLH

3 7DNLFKMDNNRQVWUXNFMDLSU]H]QDF]HQLHRELHNWXVSRVyEZ\NRU]\VWDQLDPLHQLDURG]DM]DEH]SLHF]HĔ

ORNDOL]DFMD

(4)

96 -$&(./,62:6.,0$5&,1:2-7.2:,$.

MąF\FKJPLQLH]DOHĪ\RGMHMORNDOL]DFML'RW\F]\WRV]F]HJyOQLH]GDU]HĔRFKDUDNWHU]H

SU]\URGQLF]\P SRZRG]LHKXUDJDQ\GHV]F]HQDZDOQH 

=QDF]HQLHF]\QQLNDJHRJUDILF]QHJRMDNRHOHPHQWXRFHQ\U\]\ND]QDF]ąFRZ]URVáR

SU]HGHZV]\VWNLPQDVNXWHNSRZRG]L]ODWL.OLHQFL]WHUHQyZ]DOHZRZ\FK

DNW\ZQLHSRV]XNXMąRFKURQ\XEH]SLHF]HQLRZHMMHGQDNĪHVSRW\NDMąVLĊ]QHJDW\ZQą

VHOHNFMą]HVWURQ\]DNáDGyZXEH]SLHF]HĔ>-ĊGU]HMF]\NV@

:\NRU]\VWDQLHVXEVW\WXF\MQ\FKPHWRG]DU]ąG]DQLDU\]\NLHP

2ERZLą]HN GEDáRĞFL R VWDQ PLHQLD NRPXQDOQHJR PRĪH E\ü VSHáQLDQ\ SU]H]

ZGURĪHQLHPHWRG]DU]ąG]DQLDU\]\NLHPLQQ\FKDQLĪHOLXEH]SLHF]HQLH*PLQDPRĪH

VLĊJDü LZU]HF]\ZLVWRĞFLVLĊJD SU]HGHZV]\VWNLPSRIL]\F]QHPHWRG\NRQWUROLU\]\ND

ZFHOX]DSRELHJDQLDLRJUDQLF]DQLDV]NyGVSRZRGRZDQ\FKSU]H]]GDU]HQLDORVRZH

$WUDNF\MQRĞüLQQ\FKPHWRG]DU]ąG]DQLDU\]\NLHP]DOHĪ\RGNRV]WXZGURĪHQLD

LVNXWHF]QRĞFL-HGQDNĪHQDOHĪ\QDGPLHQLüĪHQLH]DZV]HVWDQRZLąRQHDOWHUQDW\ZĊ

Z]JOĊGHPXEH]SLHF]HQLD1DSU]\NáDGRNUHĞODQHSU]H]XEH]SLHF]\FLHOLPLQLPDOQH

Z\PDJDQLDGRW\F]ąFH]DEH]SLHF]HQLDPLHQLDSU]HGV]NRGąVWDQRZLąZDUXQHN]DZDUFLD

XPRZ\XEH]SLHF]HQLDOXEZDUXQNXMąZ\SáDWĊRGV]NRGRZDQLD

2ERZLą]HNUHGXNFMLU\]\NDQLHNLHG\ZSURVWQDNáDGDXVWDZRGDZFD,VWQLHMąSU]H- pisyNWyUHUHJXOXMąRERZLą]HNZGURĪHQLDRNUHĞORQ\FKG]LDáDĔSUHZHQF\MQ\FKOXE

UHSUHV\MQ\FKZRGQLHVLHQLXGRRELHNWyZEXGRZODQ\FK:\NRQDQLHWHJRRERZLą]NX

VSUDZG]DQHMHVWSU]HGHZV]\VWNLPQDHWDSLHILQDOL]DFMLSURFHGXU\RGGDQLDRELHNWyZ

EXGRZODQ\FKGRXĪ\WNRZDQLD2ELHNWQLHVSHáQLDMąF\Z\PRJXSRVLDGDQLDRGSRZLHG- QLFK]DEH]SLHF]HĔSU]HFLZSRĪDURZ\FKQLH]RVWDMHGRSXV]F]RQ\GRXĪ\WNRZDQLD

6WRSLHĔLQWHUZHQFMRQL]PXSDĔVWZRZHJRZ]DNUHVLHUHVW\WXFMLV]NyGNDWDVWURILF]Q\FK

,QJHUHQFMDXVWDZRGDZF\ZILQDQVRZDQLHUHVW\WXFMLV]NyGNDWDVWURILF]Q\FKPD

FKDUDNWHUGRUDĨQ\LMHVWXZDUXQNRZDQDV]F]HJyOQLHQLHNRU]\VWQ\PLRNROLF]QRĞFLDPL

QS Z QDVWĊSVWZLH SRZRG]L Z 3ROVFH Z ODWDFK  RUD]  XFKZDORQR XVWDZ\

ZVSRPDJDMąFH-67ZOLNZLGDFMLV]NyG>SRU5yĪ\FNLVQ@7DNĪHZURNX

 QD VNXWHN SRZRG]L Z RNUHVLH PDM±F]HUZLHF XFKZDORQR XVWDZĊ R ZSDUFLX

ILQDQVRZ\PSRV]NRGRZDQ\FKQDVNXWHNSRZRG]LOXERVXQLĊFLDVLĊ]LHPL>8VWDZD

]GQLDF]HUZFDURV]F]HJyOQ\FK«']81USR]]SyĨQ]P@

 $UW  8VWDZ\ R VDPRU]ąG]LH JPLQQ\P RUD] Z RGQLHVLHQLX GR JPLQQHJR ]DVREX QLHUXFKRPRĞFL

DUWXVWZ]Z]DUWXVW8VWDZ\]GQLDVLHUSQLDURJRVSRGDUFHQLHUXFKRPRĞFLDPLWHNVW

MHGQROLW\']8]U1USR]

 1S8VWDZD]GQLDOLSFDU3UDZREXGRZODQH WHNVWMHGQROLW\']8]USR] ZUD]

]DNWDPLZ\NRQDZF]\PL

(5)

'ODMHGQRVWHNVDPRU]ąGXWHU\WRULDOQHJR6SU]HZLG]LDQ\]RVWDáPLQSUHIHUHQF\MQ\WU\E

L]DNUHVXG]LHODQLDGRWDFMLFHORZ\FKQDOLNZLGDFMĊV]NyGWMQDRGEXGRZĊLUHPRQW\

]QLV]F]RQHMLQIUDVWUXNWXU\NRPXQDOQHMPLQGUyJPRVWyZNáDGHNSU]HSXVWyZV]Nyá

SU]HGV]NROLRUD]LQQ\FKEXG\QNyZXĪ\WHF]QRĞFLSXEOLF]QHM'RWDFMDZ\QRVLáD

SRQLHVLRQ\FK NRV]WyZ RGEXGRZ\ >3RV]NRGRZDQH« @ ħUyGáHP ILQDQVRZDQLD

E\á\ĞURGNLUH]HUZ\FHORZHMEXGĪHWXSDĔVWZD

'RVWU]HJDMąFSR]\W\ZQHDVSHNW\G]LDáDĔOHJLVODF\MQ\FKLZVSDUFLDILQDQVRZHJR

GOD-67PRĪQDVWZLHUG]LüĪHLQLFMDW\Z\WDNLHPRJąVWDQRZLüĨUyGáRSDV\ZQRĞFL-67

Z]DNUHVLH]DU]ąG]DQLDU\]\NLHPZW\PZ\NRU]\VWDQLDXEH]SLHF]HĔ-HGQDNĪHSRPRF

ILQDQVRZDSROVNLHJRU]ąGXQLH]DZV]HPDFKDUDNWHUVXEVW\WXF\MQ\ZREHFXEH]SLH- F]HQLDJRVSRGDUF]HJR'RĞZLDGF]HQLDZVND]XMąĪHZDUXQNLL]DNUHVWDNLHMSRPRF\

]QDQHVąRVWDWHF]QLHGRSLHURSR]DMĞFLX]GDU]HQLDV]NRGRZHJR NDWDVWURILF]QHJR 

6NXWHF]QRĞüRFKURQ\XEH]SLHF]HQLRZHM

6NXWHF]QRĞü VSUDZQRĞü RFKURQ\XEH]SLHF]HQLRZHM7 stanowi obiektywny wymiar NRU]\ĞFL Z\QLNDMąF\FK ] SRVLDGDQLD XEH]SLHF]HQLD 'HWHUPLQDQWDWD MHVW NV]WDáWR- ZDQDSU]H]VWURQĊSRGDĪRZąF]\OL]DNáDG\XEH]SLHF]HĔDOHZSá\ZDQDSRS\WQD

RFKURQĊXEH]SLHF]HQLRZą%DGDQLHSU]HSURZDG]RQHZUDPDFKSURMHNWXÄ=DU]ąG]D- QLH U\]\NLHP Z G]LDáDOQRĞFL MHGQRVWHN VDPRU]ąGX WHU\WRULDOQHJR ]H V]F]HJyOQ\P

XZ]JOĊGQLHQLHPU\]\NDNDWDVWURILF]QHJR´8Z\ND]DáRĪHSU]HNRQDQLHRVNXWHF]QRĞFL

RFKURQ\ XEH]SLHF]HQLRZHM VWDQRZLáR GHWHUPLQDQWĊ QDE\FLD XEH]SLHF]HQLD PLHQLD

ZEDGDQ\FKJPLQ

3R]LRP]DVREQRĞFLILQDQVRZHMVDPRU]ąGXJPLQQHJR

8VWDOHQLH ZáDĞFLZHM SURSRUFML Z\GDWNyZ ELHĪąF\FK RUD] LQZHVW\F\MQ\FK MHVW

NRPSURPLVHPSRPLĊG]\GąĪHQLHPGRXWU]\PDQLDLVWQLHMąFHJRPDMąWNXDUR]EXGR- ZąLQIUDVWUXNWXU\6NáDGNDXEH]SLHF]HQLRZD]DOLF]DQDMHVWGRZ\GDWNyZELHĪąF\FK

7\PF]DVHPGąĪHQLHGRDEVRUSFMLIXQGXV]\XQLMQ\FKZ\PDJD]DUH]HUZRZDQLDZEX- GĪHFLHĞURGNyZQDZNáDGZáDVQ\ZLQZHVW\FMĊ0RĪHWRVWDQRZLüSU]\F]\QĊFLĊFLD

QLHNWyU\FKZ\GDWNyZELHĪąF\FKOXELFKQLHSRZLĊNV]DQLD9=GUXJLHMVWURQ\Z]URVW

6 'DOHMZVNUyFLH-67

7 6SUDZQRĞüRFKURQ\XEH]SLHF]HQLRZHMR]QDF]D]GROQRĞüGRSRNU\FLDV]NRG\6SUDZQRĞüMHVWW\PZLĊN- V]DLPPQLHMV]DMHVWUyĪQLFDSRPLĊG]\VWDQHPPDMąWNRZ\PSU]HGSRZVWDQLHPV]NRG\DVWDQHPPDMąWNRZ\P

SRZ\SDGNXXEH]SLHF]HQLRZ\P]XZ]JOĊGQLHQLHPX]\VNDQHJRRGV]NRGRZDQLD>%DQDVLĔVNLV@

8 %DGDQLHSU]HSURZDG]RQHZUSU]H]8QLZHUV\WHW*GDĔVNLZHZVSyáSUDF\]4XDOLIDFW%DGDQLD

5\QNRZHL'RUDG]WZR6S]RRQDSUyELHJPLQ

9 :URNXZ\GDWNLLQZHVW\F\MQHVWDQRZLá\Z\GDWNyZEXGĪHWyZJPLQ EH]PLDVWQDSUDZDFK

SRZLDWX GODSRUyZQDQLDZUXG]LDáWHQZ\QLyVá>]D*86%DQN'DQ\FK/RNDOQ\FK@

(6)

98 -$&(./,62:6.,0$5&,1:2-7.2:,$.

LQZHVW\FMLU]HF]RZ\FKPRĪHVNXWNRZDüQDE\ZDQLHPRFKURQ\XEH]SLHF]HQLRZHMGOD

QRZHJRPLHQLD

3U]\F]\QĊ RJUDQLF]DQLD Z\GDWNyZ QD XEH]SLHF]HQLD PRĪH VWDQRZLü UyZQLHĪ

SU]\]QDQLHSLHUZV]HĔVWZDILQDQVRZDQLDLQQ\FKSRWU]HEELHĪąF\FKWDNLFKMDNSRPRF

VSRáHF]QDF]\RĞZLDWDRUD]QDNáDGDQLHQDJPLQĊNROHMQ\FKREOLJDWRU\MQ\FK]DGDĔ

ZáDVQ\FKOXEXVWDZRZR]OHFRQ\FK

&HQDRFKURQ\XEH]SLHF]HQLRZHM

:DKDQLDZ\VRNRĞFLVNáDGNLXEH]SLHF]HQLRZHMSU]\EUDNX]PLDQ\SR]RVWDá\FK

GHWHUPLQDQWQDE\ZDQLDRFKURQ\XEH]SLHF]HQLRZHMZSá\ZDMąQDZLHONRĞüSRS\WXQD

RFKURQĊ XEH]SLHF]HQLRZą $WUDNF\MQRĞü XEH]SLHF]HQLD MDNR PHWRG\ ]DU]ąG]DQLD

ryzykiem FHWHULVSDULEXVVSDGDZUD]]HZ]URVWHPFHQ\XEH]SLHF]HQLDDXEH]SLH- F]DMąF\VNáDQLDVLĊNXSRV]XNLZDQLXLQQ\FKPHWRGNRQWUROLOXEILQDQVRZDQLDWHJR

U\]\ND>.RZDOHZVNLV@

:DKDQLDFHQ\RFKURQ\XEH]SLHF]HQLRZHMZ\QLNDMą]LVWQLHQLDF\NOXXEH]SLHF]H- QLRZHJR1DÄWZDUG\P´U\QNXVSDGDSRGDĪRFKURQ\XEH]SLHF]HQLRZHM VNáRQQRĞü

XEH]SLHF]\FLHOLGRXEH]SLHF]HQLDGDQHJRSU]HGPLRWXXEH]SLHF]HQLDZRNUHĞORQ\P

]DNUHVLH DMHMFHQDLUHQWRZQRĞüURVQą1DÄPLĊNNLP´U\QNXSRGDĪRFKURQ\XEH]SLH- F]HQLRZHMZ]UDVWDDFHQDLUHQWRZQRĞüVSDGDMą>0DQLNRZVNLV±@:SR- VWĊSRZDQLDFKZVSUDZLH]DPyZLHQLDSXEOLF]QHJRVDPRU]ąG\JPLQQHSRZLQQ\GąĪ\ü

GR]DZLHUDQLDZID]LHU\QNXÄPLĊNNLHJR´GáXJRWHUPLQRZ\FKXPyZXEH]SLHF]HQLD

WMFRQDMPQLHMGZXOHWQLFK DZID]LHU\QNXÄWZDUGHJR´±GZXQDVWRPLHVLĊF]Q\FK

'HWHUPLQDQW\SUDZQH

:\EyUIRUPRUJDQL]DF\MQRSUDZQ\FKG]LDáDOQRĞFLVDPRU]ąGXJPLQQHJR

:\EyU IRUP\ RUJDQL]DF\MQRSUDZQHM PD LVWRWQH ]QDF]HQLH GOD RFHQ\ U\]\ND

RGSRZLHG]LDOQRĞFL F\ZLOQHM MHGQRVWHN RUJDQL]DF\MQ\FK IXQNFMRQXMąF\FK Z VWUXN- WXU]HVDPRU]ąGXJPLQQHJR*PLQDQLHSRQRVLRGSRZLHG]LDOQRĞFL]D]RERZLą]DQLD

LQQ\FKJPLQQ\FKRVyESUDZQ\FK>DUWXVW8VWDZ\RVDPRU]ąG]LHJPLQQ\P@

1DWRPLDVW]DF]\QQRĞFLIDNW\F]QHZ\NRQ\ZDQHSU]H]MHGQRVWNLRUJDQL]DF\MQHJPLQ\

QLHSRVLDGDMąFHRVRERZRĞFLSUDZQHMRGSRZLHG]LDOQRĞüSRQRVLJPLQD

 =REEDGDQLDSU]HSURZDG]RQHQDU\QNDFK]DJUDQLF]Q\FKZVND]XMąFHQDQHJDW\ZQ\ZSá\ZZ]URVWX

FHQ\QDSRS\WQDRFKURQĊXEH]SLHF]HQLRZą>%HGQDUF]\NV±@

(7)

,QWHUZHQFMRQL]PSDĔVWZRZ\Z]DNUHVLHSROLW\NLXEH]SLHF]HQLRZHMJPLQ\

,QWHUZHQFMRQL]P SDĔVWZRZ\ Z G]LHG]LQLH XEH]SLHF]HĔ SU]HMDZLD VLĊ SU]HGH

ZV]\VWNLPZHZSURZDG]DQLXXEH]SLHF]HĔRERZLą]NRZ\FKLSU]\PXVRZ\FK'HWHU- minanta prawna w postaci przymusu ubezpieczeniowego jest efektem aktywnej poli- W\NLXEH]SLHF]HQLRZHMSDĔVWZD Z\NRU]\VWDQLHMHJRZáDGF]\FKIXQNFML >+DQGVFKNH

 V ±@ 7DND LQJHUHQFMD Z JRVSRGDUFH U\QNRZHM MHVW DNFHSWRZDOQD MHĞOL

RGE\ZD VLĊ Z LQWHUHVLH RJyáX VSRáHF]HĔVWZD RUD] LVWQLHMH SU]\]ZROHQLH VSRáHF]QH

Z\QLNDMąFH ]H VWDQX ĞZLDGRPRĞFL VSRáHF]QHM  QD WHJR W\SX G]LDáDQLD >:LHWHVND

VQ@:\NRU]\VWDQLHSU]\PXVXXEH]SLHF]HQLDSRZLQQRRJUDQLF]\üVLĊGR

PLQLPXPSRQLHZDĪLQJHUXMHZVZRERGĊNRQWUDNWRZąVWURQLWR]DUyZQRZV\WXDFML

ZSURZDG]HQLDXEH]SLHF]HĔRERZLą]NRZ\FKMDNLLQQ\FK OĪHMV]\FK IRUPRERZLą]NX

]DZDUFLDXPRZ\XEH]SLHF]HQLD>0RJLOVNLV±@5yĪQHSU]\SDGNLSU]\PXVX

XEH]SLHF]HQLRZHJRGRW\F]ąWDNĪHJPLQ\

=NROHLSU]\NáDGHPSRĞUHGQLHMLQJHUHQFMLSDĔVWZDZSROLW\NĊXEH]SLHF]HQLRZą

JPLQMHVWDUW8VWDZ\RVDPRU]ąG]LHJPLQQ\PQDNáDGDMąF\QDRVRE\XF]HVWQL- F]ąFHZ]DU]ąG]DQLXPLHQLHPJPLQ\RERZLą]HNV]F]HJyOQHM]DSRELHJOLZRĞFLLGED- áRĞFL RNUHĞODQH PLDQHP V]F]HJyOQHM VWDUDQQRĞFL :SURZDG]HQLH WDNLHJR Z\PRJX

PDRJUDQLF]\üOXEZ\HOLPLQRZDüU\]\NR]ZLą]DQH]SRGHMPRZDQLHPG]LDáDOQRĞFL

JRVSRGDUF]HM SU]H] JPLQĊ >1LHZLDGRPVNL  V @ Z FHOX XWU]\PDQLD VWDQX

PDMąWNRZHJR QD Z]JOĊGQLH VWDá\P SR]LRPLH -HGQ\P ] QDU]ĊG]L SR NWyUH PRĪH

VLĊJQąüJPLQDZUHDOL]DFMLWHJRFHOXMHVWXEH]SLHF]HQLH

%DGDQLHSU]HSURZDG]RQHZUDPDFKSURMHNWXÄ=DU]ąG]DQLHU\]\NLHPZG]LDáDO- QRĞFLMHGQRVWHNVDPRU]ąGXWHU\WRULDOQHJR]HV]F]HJyOQ\PXZ]JOĊGQLHQLHPU\]\ND

NDWDVWURILF]QHJR´Z\ND]DáRĪHJPLQZVND]DáRZ\PyJSUDZQ\MDNRSU]\F]\QĊ

ubezpieczenia mienia komunalnego

'HWHUPLQDQW\KLVWRU\F]QH

Ä=DOHĪQRĞüRGĞFLHĪNL´

.RQFHSFMD Ä]DOHĪQRĞFL RG ĞFLHĪNL´ RSLHUD VLĊ QD F]\QQLNX F]DVX MDNR SXQNFLH

RGQLHVLHQLDLVSURZDG]DVLĊGRVWZLHUG]HQLDĪHREHFQHLSU]\V]áHVWDQ\GDQHJRPLHM- VFD SURFHVyZ]DFKRG]ąF\FKZGDQ\PPLHMVFX VąIXQNFMąQLHJG\ĞSRGMĊW\FKGHF\]ML

OXE]DLVWQLDá\FKG]LDáDĔ=PLHQQRĞüSURFHVyZ]DFKRG]ąF\FKZGDQ\PPLHMVFXMHVW

SRGSRU]ąGNRZDQDMHJRWUDMHNWRULLUR]ZRMRZHM.RQFHSFMDWDVWDQRZLSU]HMDZGHWHU-

 8EH]SLHF]HQLD RGSRZLHG]LDOQRĞFL F\ZLOQHM SRVLDGDF]\ SRMD]GyZ PHFKDQLF]Q\FK XEH]SLHF]HQLD

SU]\PXVRZHRVRERZHQDFXG]\UDFKXQHN

 7HQZ\QLN]DVNDNXMHSRQLHZDĪXEH]SLHF]HQLHPLHQLDNRPXQDOQHJRQLHMHVWRERZLą]NRZHDQLSU]\- PXVRZH

(8)

 -$&(./,62:6.,0$5&,1:2-7.2:,$.

PLQL]PXKLVWRU\F]QHJRSRQLHZDĪNOXF]RZH]QDF]HQLHSU]\SLVXMHVLĊZQLHMWHPX

FRE\áRQDSRF]ąWNX>.XFLĔVNLV±@

.RQFHSFMDÄ]DOHĪQRĞFLRGĞFLHĪNL´WáXPDF]\GZDPHFKDQL]P\

 +LVWRU\F]Q\UR]ZyMXEH]SLHF]HĔQD]LHPLDFKSROVNLFK GDOHNLKRU\]RQWF]D- VRZ\ ZSá\ZDQDZVSyáF]HVQąSROLW\NĊXEH]SLHF]HQLRZąVDPRU]ąGyZJPLQ- Q\FK7HJRW\SXGHWHUPLQDQWDMHVW]EOLĪRQDGRWUDG\FML5R]ZyMXEH]SLHF]HĔ

QDMG\QDPLF]QLHMSRVWĊSRZDáQD]LHPLDFKSUXVNLFK>6DQJRZVNLV±@

:Sá\Z QD REHFQLH SURZDG]RQą SROLW\NĊ XEH]SLHF]HQLRZą PDMą G]LDáDQLD

SRGHMPRZDQH Z W\P ]DNUHVLH Z QLHGDOHNLHM SU]HV]áRĞFL EOLVNL KRU\]RQW

F]DVRZ\ :SU]\SDGNXXEH]SLHF]HQLDVDPRU]ąGXJPLQQHJR]DOHĪQRĞüWDND

SU]HMDZLDVLĊZSRZLHODQLXSURJUDPXXEH]SLHF]HQLRZHJRZGURĪRQHJRZSU]H- V]áRĞFLHZHQWXDOQLH]XZ]JOĊGQLHQLHPDNWXDOL]DFMLSU]HGPLRWXXEH]SLHF]HQLD

:GURĪRQ\ZF]HĞQLHMSURJUDPVWDMHVLĊZ]RUFHPFRPRĪHVNXWNRZDüSR]RVWD- ZLHQLHPSR]DXEH]SLHF]HQLHP]DJURĪHĔNWyUHSRMDZLá\VLĊSyĨQLHM%DGDQLH

SU]HSURZDG]RQH Z UDPDFK SURMHNWX Ä=DU]ąG]DQLH U\]\NLHP Z G]LDáDOQRĞFL

MHGQRVWHNVDPRU]ąGXWHU\WRULDOQHJR]HV]F]HJyOQ\PXZ]JOĊGQLHQLHPU\]\ND

NDWDVWURILF]QHJR´Z\ND]DáRĪH

– QDZ\NZ\QLNDMąF\]ZF]HĞQLHMV]\FKG]LDáDĔVWDQRZLáSU]\F]\QĊ]DZDUFLD

XEH]SLHF]HQLDPLHQLDZEDGDQ\FKJPLQ

– SU]HQLHVLHQLHUR]ZLą]DĔ]GRW\FKF]DVRZ\FKXPyZXEH]SLHF]HQLDSU]\NRQ- VWUXNFMLDNWXDOQHJRSURJUDPXXEH]SLHF]HQLD]RVWDáR]DVWRVRZDQHZ

EDGDQ\FKJPLQ

'RW\FKF]DVRZ\SU]HELHJV]NRGRZ\

6NáRQQRĞü GR ]DZDUFLD XPRZ\ XEH]SLHF]HQLD SU]\ RNUHĞORQHM VNáDGFH EĊG]LH

W\PZ\ĪV]DLPZLĊNV]HZDUWRĞFLRZRV]NRG\ZPLHQLXOXEURV]F]HQLD]W\WXáXXEH]- SLHF]HQLDRGSRZLHG]LDOQRĞFLF\ZLOQHMRGQRWRZDáVDPRU]ąGJPLQQ\ZSU]HV]áRĞFL

3RS\WQDRFKURQĊXEH]SLHF]HQLRZąPRĪH]RVWDüMHGQDNQLH]DVSRNRMRQ\JG\ĪSR]LRP

V]NRGRZRĞFL MHVW XZ]JOĊGQLDQ\ SU]H] XEH]SLHF]\FLHOL SU]\ WDU\ILNDFML VNáDGNL

DQLHU]DGNRVWDQRZLSU]\F]\QĊRGPRZ\]áRĪHQLDRIHUW\

=EDGDQLDSU]HSURZDG]RQHJRZUDPDFKSURMHNWXÄ=DU]ąG]DQLHU\]\NLHPZG]LD- áDOQRĞFLMHGQRVWHNVDPRU]ąGXWHU\WRULDOQHJR]HV]F]HJyOQ\PXZ]JOĊGQLHQLHPU\]\ND

NDWDVWURILF]QHJR´ Z\QLNDĪHEDGDQ\FKJPLQZVND]DáRZ\VRNLHRGV]NRGRZDQLD

MDNRSU]\F]\QĊXEH]SLHF]HQLDPLHQLDNRPXQDOQHJR

 &HQDRFKURQ\XEH]SLHF]HQLRZHMVWDQRZLMHGQą]GHWHUPLQDQWHNRQRPLF]Q\FK

(9)

'RW\FKF]DVRZHGRĞZLDGF]HQLDZNRQWDNWDFK]U\QNLHPXEH]SLHF]HQLRZ\P

-DNRĞü UHDOL]DFML ZF]HĞQLHMV]\FK XPyZ XEH]SLHF]HQLD JPLQ\ SU]H] ]DNáDG\

XEH]SLHF]HĔPRĪHVWDQRZLüSRGVWDZĊGHF\]MLRQDE\FLXRFKURQ\XEH]SLHF]HQLRZHM

,VWRWQHVąUyZQLHĪGRĞZLDGF]HQLDZNRQWDNWDFK]LQQ\PLLQVW\WXFMDPLU\QNXXEH]- SLHF]HQLRZHJRSU]HGVWDZLFLHODPLXEH]SLHF]DMąF\FK EURNHU]\NDQFHODULHRGV]NRGR- ZDZF]HSUDZQLF\ RUD]LQVW\WXFMDPLRFKURQ\LQWHUHVyZXEH]SLHF]RQ\FK U]HF]QLN

XEH]SLHF]RQ\FK.1)82.L. 

'HWHUPLQDQW\RUJDQL]DF\MQRNXOWXURZH

'HWHUPLQDQW\RUJDQL]DF\MQRNXOWXURZHVWDQRZLąJUXSĊF]\QQLNyZRFKDUDNWHU]H

VXELHNW\ZQ\PNWyUHZSá\ZDMąQDSRVWU]HJDQLHGHWHUPLQDQWRELHNW\ZQ\FK.RQFHQWUX- MąVLĊQDRVREDFKNWyUH]DMPXMąVLĊ]DU]ąG]DQLHPU\]\NLHPZVDPRU]ąG]LHJPLQQ\P

)XQNFMHVSUDZRZDQLDZáDG]\

,PSOLNDFMH SROLW\F]QH WM SRGHMPRZDQLH GHF\]ML ] SRGWHNVWHP SROLW\F]Q\P

PRJą]GRPLQRZDüZ]JOĊG\F]\VWRHNRQRPLF]QH>:LOOLDPV-U6PLWK<RXQJ

V ±@ 'RW\F]\ WR WDNĪH ]DU]ąG]DQLD U\]\NLHP L SROLW\NL XEH]SLHF]HQLRZHM

1D SU]\NáDG PRĪH GRMĞü GR NXPRWHUVWZD SU]\ Z\ERU]H RIHUW\ XEH]SLHF]HQLD RG

SRĞUHGQLNDXEH]SLHF]HQLRZHJR]ZLą]DQHJR]RNUHĞORQąRSFMąSROLW\F]QąDZNRQVH- NZHQFMLGR]DSáDW\]DZ\ĪRQHMVNáDGNL3RQDGWRSURFHV]DU]ąG]DQLDU\]\NLHPPRĪH

]RVWDü]DNáyFRQ\SU]H]SROLW\F]QHGHF\]MHSRGHMPRZDQHZVNXWHNSUHVMLVSRáHF]QHM

>-DVWU]ĊEVNDà\VNDZD-DQRZLF]/RPRWWV±@

(IHNWQDĞODGRZQLFWZD

:LHG]DRVyEGHF\]\MQ\FK Z]DNUHVLH]DU]ąG]DQLDU\]\NLHP RSROLW\FHXEH]- SLHF]HQLRZHM SURZDG]RQHM SU]H] LQQH MHGQRVWNL VDPRU]ąGX WHU\WRULDOQHJR PRĪH

SRFKRG]LüSU]HGHZV]\VWNLP]GZyFKĨUyGHáREVHUZDFMLSRVWĊSRZDĔSU]HWDUJRZ\FK

na ubezpieczenie RUD] Z\PLDQ\ SRJOąGyZ QD VSRWNDQLDFK Z UDPDFK RUJDQL]DFML

VWRZDU]\V]DMąF\FKMHGQRVWNLVDPRU]ąGXWHU\WRULDOQHJR

%DGDQLHSU]HSURZDG]RQHZUDPDFKSURMHNWXÄ=DU]ąG]DQLHU\]\NLHPZG]LDáDO- QRĞFLMHGQRVWHNVDPRU]ąGXWHU\WRULDOQHJR]HV]F]HJyOQ\PXZ]JOĊGQLHQLHPU\]\ND

NDWDVWURILF]QHJR´Z\ND]DáRĪHEDGDQ\FKJPLQXEH]SLHF]\áRPLHQLHNRPXQDOQH

Z]RUXMąFVLĊQDLQQ\FKJPLQDFK

 'RNXPHQW\SU]HWDUJRZHVąGRVWĊSQHQDVWURQLHLQWHUQHWRZHM%LXOHW\QX=DPyZLHĔ3XEOLF]Q\FK

(10)

 -$&(./,62:6.,0$5&,1:2-7.2:,$.

,QG\ZLGXDOL]DFMDZNRQVWUXRZDQLXSRMĊFLDU\]\ND

'HWHUPLQDQWDWDED]XMHQDXMĊFLXU\]\NDMDNRNRQVWUXNWX*PLQDMDNRÄV]WXF]Q\´

SRGPLRWU\]\NDSRVWU]HJDU\]\NR>]REà\VNDZDV±@SRSU]H]RVRE\

ELRUąFHXG]LDáZ]DU]ąG]DQLXU\]\NLHPZNRQWHNĞFLHZ\]QDZDQ\FKSU]H]WHRVRE\

ZDUWRĞFLRUD]LVWQLHMąF\FKGHWHUPLQDQWRELHNW\ZQ\FK:]DNUHVLH]DLQWHUHVRZDQLD

SURFHVX]DU]ąG]DQLDU\]\NLHP]QDMGXMąVLĊZ\áąF]QLHVWDQ\SRVWU]HJDQHMDNRU\]\NR

3RVWDZ\ZREHFU\]\ND

1DSU]HELHJSURFHVX]DU]ąG]DQLDU\]\NLHPLZ\EyUPHWRGNRQWUROLZSá\ZPDMą

RVRE\GHF\]\MQHZ]DNUHVLH]DU]ąG]DQLDU\]\NLHP NLHURZQLNMHGQRVWNLRUJDQL]DF\MQHM

JPLQ\ZyMW]HVSyá]DU]ąG]DQLDU\]\NLHPEURNHU]\XEH]SLHF]HQLRZL 

2VRE\ XF]HVWQLF]ąFH Z SURFHVLH ]DU]ąG]DQLD U\]\NLHP Z JPLQLH SUH]HQWXMą

RNUHĞORQH SRVWDZ\ ZREHF U\]\ND QD NWyUH ZSá\ZDMą QDVWĊSXMąFH F]\QQLNL >.R- ZDOHZVNLLLQQLV@

• VWDáHRVRERZRĞüVWUXNWXUDHPRFMRQDOQD

• UHODW\ZQLHVWDáH HZROXXMąFH LQWHOLJHQFMDGRĞZLDGF]HQLHĪ\FLRZHRGG]LDá\- ZDQLHSUDZQH QSSU]\PXVSUDZQ\ QDZ\NL

• zmienne: stan wiedzyZSá\Z\]HZQĊWU]QH ĞURGRZLVNRURG]LQD XZDUXQNR- ZDQLD VSRáHF]QHJRVSRGDUF]HNXOWXURZH GRUDĨQHSRWU]HE\ EH]SLHF]HĔVWZD

ERJDFWZD SR]RVWDáHF]\QQLNL]HZQĊWU]QH PRGDQDĞODGRZQLFWZRUHNODPD

G]LDáDQLDPDUNHWLQJRZH 

3RVWDZ\ZREHFU\]\NDSUH]HQWRZDQHSU]H]GHF\GHQWyZZ]DNUHVLH]DU]ąG]DQLD

U\]\NLHPZSá\ZDMąQDRNUHĞOHQLHDSHW\WXQDU\]\NRZVDPRU]ąG]LHJPLQQ\P>]RE

-DVWU]ĊEVNDV±@$SHW\WQDU\]\NRRNUHĞODLORĞüLURG]DMU\]\NDMDNLH

RUJDQL]DFMDMHVWVNáRQQDSRQLHĞüOXEXWU]\PDü>-DVWU]ĊEVNDV@*UDQLFD

U\]\NDDNFHSWRZDOQHJRVWDQRZLEDULHUĊ]DVWRVRZDQLDPHWRG]DU]ąG]DQLDU\]\NLHP

ZW\PXEH]SLHF]HQLD

 5\]\NRMHVWSU]\V]á\PPRĪOLZ\PVWDQHPU]HF]\QHJDW\ZQLHRFHQLDQ\PSU]H]GDQ\SRGPLRW>0L- FKDODNV±@

 $ZHUVMDGRU\]\NDW\FKVDP\FKRVyESRGHMPXMąF\FKGHF\]MĊQDZáDVQ\UDFKXQHNLZLPLHQLXRUJD- QL]DFMLPRĪHE\üUyĪQD>]RE:LOOLDPV-U6PLWK<RXQJV@

 2VRE\ZUDĪOLZHQDU\]\NREĊGąEDUG]LHMVNáRQQHGRQDE\ZDQLDRFKURQ\XEH]SLHF]HQLRZHMQDU]HF]

VDPRU]ąGXJPLQQHJRQLĪRVRE\ SUDFRZQLF\ UHSUH]HQWXMąF\SRVWDZĊRERMĊWQRĞFLQDU\]\NROXELJQRUDQFML

U\]\ND>]RE.RZDOHZVNLLLQQLV±@

 6WDQZLHG]\RXEH]SLHF]HQLDFKNV]WDáWXMHĞZLDGRPRĞüXEH]SLHF]HQLRZąNWyUDSR]ZDODQDUDFMRQDOQH

NRU]\VWDQLH]RFKURQ\XEH]SLHF]HQLRZHM>]RE6]XPOLF]V±@

(11)

'HWHUPLQDQWDVSRáHF]QD

'HWHUPLQDQWDVSRáHF]QDQDE\ZDQLDRFKURQ\XEH]SLHF]HQLRZHMZ\QLND]XNLH- UXQNRZDQLD G]LDáDOQRĞFL VDPRU]ąGX JPLQQHJR QD QLHSU]HUZDQH L PRĪOLZLH SHáQH

]DVSRNDMDQLHSRWU]HEZVSyOQRW\VDPRU]ąGRZHM3RQDGWRXEH]SLHF]HQLHPRĪH]DSR- ELHJDüSRZVWDZDQLXGáXJRWUZDá\FKVWDQyZVSRáHF]QLHQLHDNFHSWRZDQ\FK

'HWHUPLQDQWDVSRáHF]QDQDZLą]XMHGRXMĊFLDU\]\NDZNRQWHNĞFLHVSRáHF]Q\P

:HGáXJ'.RUHQLNU\]\NRZG]LDáDOQRĞFL-67PRĪQD]GHILQLRZDüMDNRPRĪOLZRĞü

QLHRVLąJQLĊFLD ZZDUXQNDFKQLHSHáQHMLQIRUPDFMLRSU]\V]áRĞFL ]DPLHU]RQHJRFHOX

UR]XPLDQHJRMDNRÄ]DEH]SLHF]HQLHGREURE\WXSRGPLRWRZL]ELRURZHPXMDNLPMHVWOR- NDOQDVSRáHF]QRĞüZZ\QLNXNUHRZDQLDZáDĞFLZHJRUR]ZRMXVSRáHF]QRHNRQRPLF]QHJR

ZSU]HVWU]HQLORNDOQHMUHJLRQX´>.RUHQLN.RUHQLNV±@

=DNRĔF]HQLH

:\F]HUSXMąFDLGHQW\ILNDFMDPRĪOLZ\FKSU]\F]\QQDE\ZDQLDRFKURQ\XEH]SLH- F]HQLRZHMSU]H]VDPRU]ąG\JPLQQHXáDWZLDZVND]DQLHGHWHUPLQDQWQDE\ZDQLDXEH]- SLHF]HĔSU]H]NRQNUHWQ\VDPRU]ąG6LáDRGG]LDá\ZDQLDSRV]F]HJyOQ\FKF]\QQLNyZ

PRĪHE\üERZLHPUyĪQDZSRV]F]HJyOQ\FKJPLQDFK

:DUWR RGQRWRZDü ĪH F]ĊĞü GHWHUPLQDQW PD VSHF\ILF]Q\ FKDUDNWHU SRQLHZDĪ

Z\QLND]SXEOLF]QHJRFKDUDNWHUXG]LDáDOQRĞFLSURZDG]RQHMSU]H]MHGQRVWNLVDPR- U]ąGXWHU\WRULDOQHJR

%LEOLRJUDILD

 %DQDVLĔVNL$7HRULDXEH]SLHF]HĔZVRFMDOL]PLH3DĔVWZRZH:\GDZQLFWZR(NRQRPLF]QH:DU- V]DZD

 %HGQDUF]\N7+:Sá\ZG]LDáDOQRĞFLVHNWRUDXEH]SLHF]HQLRZHJRQDZ]URVWJRVSRGDUF]\:\GDZ- QLFWZR8QLZHUV\WHWX0DUFLL&XULH6NáRGRZVNLHM/XEOLQ

 %RURGR$6DPRU]ąGWHU\WRULDOQ\6\VWHPSUDZQRILQDQVRZ\:\GDZQLFWZR3UDZQLF]H/H[LV1H[LV

:DUV]DZD

 'ROQLFNL%6DPRU]ąGWHU\WRULDOQ\.DQWRU:\GDZQLF]\=DNDP\F]H.UDNyZ

 Ä']LHQQLN*D]HWD3UDZQD´3RV]NRGRZDQHSU]H]SRZyGĨVDPRU]ąG\]DQLPGRVWDQąSLHQLąG]H

PXV]ąRV]DFRZDüVWUDW\U

 *86%DQN'DQ\FK/RNDOQ\FK

 +DQGVFKNH-3RMĊFLHWUHĞüL]DVDG\SROLW\NLXEH]SLHF]HQLRZHM±UR]ZDĪDQLDQLHW\ONRPHWRGROR

JLF]QH>Z@76DQJRZVNL UHG 6WXGLDXEH]SLHF]HQLRZH:\GDZQLFWZR$NDGHPLL(NRQRPLF]QHM

Z3R]QDQLX3R]QDĔ

 -DVWU]ĊEVND0$SHW\WQDU\]\NRMHGQRVWNLVDPRU]ąGXWHU\WRULDOQHJR>Z@-*OLQLHFND(-XFK- QLHZLF]76RZLĔVNL0:UyEOHZVND UHG 3UDZRILQDQVRZHZREHFZ\]ZDĔ;;,ZLHNX:\- GDZQLFWZR&H'H:X:DUV]DZD

(12)

 -$&(./,62:6.,0$5&,1:2-7.2:,$.

 -DVWU]ĊEVND0à\VNDZD.-DQRZLF]/RPRWW0=DU]ąG]DQLHU\]\NLHPZNRQWUROL]DU]ąGF]HM

MHGQRVWHNVDPRU]ąGXWHU\WRULDOQHJR>Z@:6XáNRZVND UHG 8EH]SLHF]HQLDJRVSRGDUF]HLVSR

áHF]QH:\EUDQH]DJDGQLHQLDHNRQRPLF]QH2ILF\QD:\GDZQLF]D:ROWHUV.OXZHU:DUV]DZD

 -ĊGU]HMF]\N , ,QZHVW\FMH RFKURQQH Z RJUDQLF]DQLX VNXWNyZ U\]\ND SRZRG]L ± UROD SUHZHQFML

Ä:LDGRPRĞFL8EH]SLHF]HQLRZH´QU

 -ĊGU]HMHZVNL/*RVSRGDUNDILQDQVRZDVDPRU]ąGXWHU\WRULDOQHJRZ3ROVFH:\EUDQH]DJDGQLHQLD

2ILF\QD:\GDZQLF]D%UDQWD%\GJRV]F]±*GDĔVN

 .RUHQLN'.RUHQLN66WRVXQNLVDPRU]ąGRZREDQNRZHDUR]ZyMVSRáHF]QRHNRQRPLF]Q\ZSU]H

strzeni:\GDZQLFWZR&H'H:X:DUV]DZD

 .RZDOHZVNL(0RJLOVNL::)XFKV'6HUZDFK03UDZRXEH]SLHF]HĔJRVSRGDUF]\FK2ILF\QD

:\GDZQLF]D%UDQWD%\GJRV]F]±7RUXĔ

 .XFLĔVNL.,VWRWDQDXNHNRQRPLF]Q\FK>Z@0HWRGRORJLDQDXNHNRQRPLF]Q\FK'\OHPDW\LZ\

]ZDQLD..XFLĔVNL UHG :\GDZQLFWZR'LILQ:DUV]DZD

 à\VNDZD.:SRV]XNLZDQLXRSW\PDOQHJRSRMĊFLDU\]\NDZVWDQGDUG]LH]DU]ąG]DQLDU\]\NLHP

=DU]ąG]DQLHL)LQDQVHQUF] :\GDZQLFWZR8QLZHUV\WHWX*GDĔVNLHJR*GDĔVN

 0DQLNRZVNL3:\EUDQHFHFK\PRUIRORJLF]QHF\NOLXEH]SLHF]HQLRZ\FKZ3ROVFHZODWDFK±

Ä:LDGRPRĞFL8EH]SLHF]HQLRZH´QU

 0LFKDODN-5\]\NRVSRáHF]QHDRFKURQDXEH]SLHF]HQLRZD±NLONDSURSR]\FMLQLHRUWRGRNV\MQ\FK

>Z@ - +DQGVFKNH UHG  6WXGLD XEH]SLHF]HQLRZH :\GDZQLFWZR 8QLZHUV\WHWX (NRQRPLF]QHJR

Z3R]QDQLX3R]QDĔ

 0LFKDOVNL75\]\NRZG]LDáDOQRĞFLF]áRZLHND>Z@-0RQNLHZLF] UHG 3RGVWDZ\XEH]SLHF]HĔ

W0HFKDQL]P\LIXQNFMH:\GDZQLFWZR3ROWH[W:DUV]DZD

 0RJLOVNL::8EH]SLHF]HQLDRERZLą]NRZHZSROVNLPV\VWHPLHSUDZQ\PÄ3UDZR$VHNXUDF\MQH´

QU  

 1LHZLDGRPVNL=,VWRWDVDPRU]ąGXWHU\WRULDOQHJR>Z@=1LHZLDGRPVNL UHG 6DPRU]ąGWHU\WR

ULDOQ\8VWUyMLJRVSRGDUND2ILF\QD:\GDZQLF]D%UDQWD%\GJRV]F]±:DUV]DZD

 5yĪ\FNL3-HGQRVWNLVDPRU]ąGXWHU\WRULDOQHJRZREHFILQDQVRZDQLDVNXWNyZSRZRG]L>Z@0$GD- PRZLF] UHG 8EH]SLHF]HQLDJRVSRGDUF]H±ZLHĞLUROQLFWZR:\GDZQLFWZR6**::DUV]DZD

 6DQJRZVNL7 UHG 8EH]SLHF]HQLDJRVSRGDUF]H:\GDZQLFWZR3ROWH[W:DUV]DZD

 6]XPOLF]7$WU\EXW\ĞZLDGRPRĞFLLSU]H]RUQRĞFLXEH]SLHF]HQLRZHMÄ5R]SUDZ\8EH]SLHF]HQLR- ZH´QU

 8QLZHUV\WHW *GDĔVNL Badanie Ä=DU]ąG]DQLH U\]\NLHP Z G]LDáDOQRĞFL MHGQRVWHN VDPRU]ąGX

WHU\WRULDOQHJR]HV]F]HJyOQ\PXZ]JOĊGQLHQLHPU\]\NDNDWDVWURILF]QHJR´ 11 

 8VWDZD]GQLDPDUFDURVDPRU]ąG]LHJPLQQ\PWHNVWMHGQROLW\']8]USR]

 8VWDZD]GQLDOLSFDU3UDZREXGRZODQHWHNVWMHGQROLW\']8]USR]

 8VWDZD]GQLDVLHUSQLDURJRVSRGDUFHQLHUXFKRPRĞFLDPLWHNVWMHGQROLW\']8]U

1USR]

 8VWDZD]GQLDF]HUZFDURV]F]HJyOQ\FKUR]ZLą]DQLDFK]ZLą]DQ\FK]XVXZDQLHPVNXWNyZ

SRZRG]L]PDMDLF]HUZFDU']81USR]

 :LHWHVND 6 ,QVW\WXFMD RERZLą]NX Z XEH]SLHF]HQLDFK RGSRZLHG]LDOQRĞFL F\ZLOQHM PDMąWNRZR

RVRERZ\FK >Z@ 6 :LHWHVND UHG  8EH]SLHF]HQLD :\GDZQLFWZR 8QLZHUV\WHWX 0DULL &XULH-

6NáRGRZVNLHM/XEOLQ

 :LOOLDPV-U&$6PLWK0/<RXQJ3&=DU]ąG]DQLHU\]\NLHPDXEH]SLHF]HQLD:\GDZQLFWZR

1DXNRZH3:1:DUV]DZD

(13)

'HWHUPLQDQWVRIWKHEX\LQJRILQVXUDQFHE\WKHORFDOJRYHUQPHQWVLQ3RODQG

The article categorizes the determinants of the buying of insurance by the local governments in 3RODQG'LYLVLRQSUHVHQWHGLQDUWLFOHLQFOXGHVREMHFWLYHDQGVXEMHFWLYHIDFWRUV$XWKRUVGLYLGHGHWHUPL- QDQWVLQWRILYHJURXSVHFRQRPLFOHJDOKLVWRULFDOFXOWXUDORUJDQL]DWLRQDODQGVRFLDO,WLVZRUWKQRWLQJ

that some of the determinants have specific nature as it results from the public nature of the activities FDUULHGRXWE\ORFDOJRYHUQPHQWXQLWV

7KH LPSDFW RI SUHVHQWHG IDFWRUV PD\ YDU\ LQ WKH GLIIHUHQW ORFDO JRYHUQPHQWV &RPSUHKHQVLYH

identification of possible determinants of the buying of insurance coverage by the local governments PDNHVLWHDV\WRLGHQWLI\WKHGHWHUPLQDQWVRIWKHEX\LQJRILQVXUDQFHE\DSDUWLFXODUJRYHUQPHQW

Cytaty

Powiązane dokumenty

Celem niniejszego opracowania jest próba identyfikacji i analizy wielkości oraz miejsc realizacji popytu na usługi związane z organizacją konferencji na podstawie

Okazało się także, że w 2014 roku na liście najważniejszych pro- duktów eksportowych Polski znalazło się co prawda tyle samo grup dóbr i usług, w handlu którymi Polska

kodeks p raw a kanonicznego w ym aga sześcioletnich studiów przygotow aw czych do k ap łań stw a, rozłożonych na dw a lata filozofii i cz te ry la ta

that the selection of the examined coals represents different coal ranks and correspondingly different coking properties, from coal with the highest rank from Jas-Mos coal mine

m ało pociągające dla pisarzy; dla sw ych otw arcie pam fletow ych utworów dobierali inne — aluzyjne lub ironiczne nazw ania (np.. P u zyna utożsam ił pam flet z

Instrukcje, wytyczne, okólniki dyrektora Departamentu V MBP dotyczące działań przeciwko Kościołowi katolickiemu w latach 1945–1953 [Instructions, Guidelines, Memoranda of

The sentiment of the article is defined (whether there are more positive or negative state- ments, what are the dominant values for the given article), a frequency list of the words

a) initial state – up to the 1980s and 1990s: desert steppe, where very large herds of sheep were grazed (weeds – triple arrow); b) several years after: the cessation of grazing due