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BTOpyro B )].118JieKTe, TpeTblO B )1(8proHe, 'łeTBepTyIO B H3bIKe )l(eHl.l\HH no OTHOllleHHIO K H3bIKY MY)l('łHH, IlHTYIO B pe'łH MOJIO)].e)l(H no OTHOllleHHIO K pe'łH B3pOCJlblX H T.)].. TaKHM o6pa30 M, 3KCnpeCCHBHOCTb He HBJI HeTCH TOJlbKO <p e H O M eH O M CTHJIH CTH'ł e C-I Eonee no,npo6Ho CM. Tofović 2004a, 2004b.
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B
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3. C yw.ecTBYlOT ,li.Ba THna cpyHKI..\JilOHaJibHO-CTHJIJilCTJillleCKOH 3KCnpe CCHBH0CTH: BHyTpeHHSISI <l>C3 Jii BHelllHSISI <l>C3. BttyTpeHHSISI <l>C3 SIBJISleTCSI 3KCnpeCCHBH0CTblO, xapaKTepHOH ,ll.JISI onpe,ll.eJieHH0r0 <l>C, a BHeWHSISI <l>C3 B03H HKaeT npJil 11cn0Jib30BaHJi!Jil e,ll.Ji!HHI..\ 0,ll.Horo <l>C B ,ll.pyroM <l>C [HanpHMep, Bbipa)l(eHJilH CBOHCTBeHHbIX ,ll.JISI Oq>HQH8JibHO-,ll.eJIOBOro CTHJISI ( O <l> C ) B n y 6JI H I..\ Jil CT Jil l{eCKOro CTHJISI (TI <l> C ) B q> O p M e TaK . H8 3 . K8HQeJrnpH3MOB].
1ITo KacaeTCSI BHyTpeHHeił <l>C3, K8)1(,ll.bIH <l>C 0TKpbIT ,ll.JISI TOH HJIH Ji!HOH CTeneHH 3KCnpeCCHBH0CTH. ,,3KcnpeCCHBHbie Sl3blKOBbie cpe,ll.CTBa CTporo He 3aKpenJieHbl 38 0T,ll.eJibHbIMJil CTHJISIMH [ . . . ]" (MacJIOBa:
1 997: 22).
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3KcnpeCCHBHOCTb <l>YHK1.1HOH3flbHbl CTHneił paCCM3TPHBaeT Tofović2002.
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3KCnpecCHBHOM <j>aKTope B pa3BHTHH <!>YHKl.lHOHanbHblX CTHneil CM. 3TKHH
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cpe.u.cTB, 1160 3KCnpeccmo 0Ha nony•rneT 611aro.u.apS1 oco6bIM ycTaHOBKaM Y'-!aCTHHl<0B KOMMYHHKaU.HH." (MacJIOBa
1997: 23).
4.
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3 O
no3Ttt1-1ecKOM o6pa3e CM. Ćović1989.
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A.
ErroKa, cep6CKHX - MoM'-IHJIO Hacrnc11eBH'-la, MHJIOllla U:pHHHCKoro 11 ,np.). 113 TPeX BHAOB 1136bITO'-IHOCTH (Ko,nosoił, CTPYKTYPHOH 11 BpeMeHHOH) B JI<I>C npe,ncTaBJieHa KO,[l;OBaH (C03HaTeJibHOe BHeCeHHe JIHlllHHX 3JieMeHTOB) 11 CTPYKTypHaH (ynoTpe6JieHHe ,nonoJIHHTeJihHhIX, aJibTepHaTl1BHhIX HJil1 3anaCHhIX 3HaKOBhIX Cl1CTeM B cpopMe ,n;y6n11poBaHHH, TpexKpaTHOro HCnOJih-30BaHHH H T.n.). C TaKHMl1 IlOMexaMl1 norry'-l aTeJih 6opeTCH .UBYMH cnoco6aMH: a ) eCJIH HBJIHlOCTH HeOC03HaHHhl MH, OH CTapaeTCH HX npeo,n;oneTh H ycTpaHl1Th, 6) ecrr11 HBJIHlOTCH npe,n;HaMepeHHhIMl1, 6opb6anpeBpaI.QaeTCSI B 3CTenPłeCK0-3MOI.ViOHaJibHOe OTHOI1Iem1e, nopmKJ],aIOI.Qee 3KCnpeCCl1BHOCTb.
B
06011x crry'łaSIX B03Hl1KaeT nponrreHHbIM npou,ecc BOCnp11S!Tl1SI. Ha 6a3e 3aKOJ],11pOBaHHbIX noMex B03Hl1KaeT 3aTpyJ],HeHHaSI cpopMa, neaBTOMaT113aU,11SI 11 o6MaHyToe 0)1(1,1)],aHHe. Ecrr11 Mepoił KOJIH'łeCTBa 11HcpopMau,1111 C'łl1TaTb Mepy HeonpenerreHHOCTl1 coo61.QeH11S1 (3Hrpon1111), ee HenpeJ],CKa3yeMOCTl1 11 Op11rHHfilfhHOCTl1 (MOJib1966),
TOr)],a Jl11TepaTypHblM TeKCT CTaHOBMTCSI 6orree 3KCnpeCCHBHbIM, Korna coo6I.QeHMe 6brnaeT 6onee HeonpenerreHHbIM, HenpeJ],CKa3yeMbIM 11 op11r11HaJibHhIM.Jl <t>C MO)l(eT 11MeTb nOJI0)1(11TeJibHYIO 11 OTp11u,aTeJibHYIO 1136bITO'łHOCTb. TIOJIO)l(l1TeJibHaSI 1136bJTO'łHOCTb B03HMKaeT C03HaTeJibHblM noBTOpOM B u,eJISIX nOJ],'łepK11BaHl1SI ceMaHTl1'łeCKOH 11ttcpopMau,1111 , a TaK)l(e B u,eJISIX yc11rreHl1SI Ha)],e)l(HOCTl1 KOMMYHl1KaTl1BHOro npou,ecca. OTp11u,aTeJibHaS1 1136bITO'łHOCTb nOSIBJIS!eTCSI np11 HeOC03HaHHbIX, HeHy)l(HbIX 11 He3CTeTl1-'łeCKl1X noBTOpax OJ],Hl1X 11 Tex Te e)],11Hl1U, (crroB, Bbipa)l(eHl1H, KOHCTpyKU,1111.).
B
JI<t>C BepOS!THOCTb nOJI0)1(11TeJibHOH 1136bITO'łHOCT l1 SIBJIS!eTCSI MaKCl1-MaJibHOM , B TO BpeMSI KaK M l1HM MaJibHa B03MO)l(HOCTb nOSIBJieHl1 SI OTp11u,aTeJibHOH 1136bITO'łHOCTl1.B
nrratte rr11Hei1.ttoi1. 3Kcnpecc11BHOCT11 JI<t>C BbIJ],errS110TcS1 ,u.Ba cyI.QecT- BeH HbIX SIBJieHl1SI: (a) CTl1Jil1CTl1'łeCKl1e cjmrypbl (o KOTOpbIX y)l(e pe'łb rnna), (6) p11TMl13aU,11SI 11 p11cpMOBKa B n0331111 p11TMl1'łeCKH 11CTTOJib3YIOTCSI Ba)l(Hei1.rn11e CJIOBa TaK, 'łTO 11X CTaBSIT Ha rocno.u,cTBYIOI.Q11X n0311U,11SIX, KaKl1M SIBJIS!eTCSI B 'łaCTHOCTl1 KOHeu, CTHXa (11HTeHU,MOHaJibHhlM noBTOp 3BYKOB 11Jil1 HX CO'łeTaHl1M, rreKCeM, rpynn CJIOB B KOHU,e CT11xa)5.5. IIy6JIHI.{11CTl1Ka npeJ],CTaBJIS!eT co6oi1. Cl1JlbHOe cpe.U,CTBO arnTaU,1111 11 nponaraHJ],bl. Otta cyI.QeCTBeHHO BJil1SleT Ha cj:lopM11poBaHl1SI 061.QeCTBeHHOro MblllIJieHl1SI, B3rJISIJ],OB Ha M11p. TaK KaK C ee noMOI.QblO ocyI.QeCTBJIS!eTCSI MOI.QHOe B03.U,eMCTBl1e B TOM CMbICJie, 'łTO y6e)l(J],aeTCSI nony'łaTeJib B 11CTl1HHOCTb 11 Ba)l(HOCTb coo6I.QeHH SI , B 3TOM BH.U,e .u,eS1TeJibHOC T l1 npo11cxo.u,11T OTKpbITaSI 11Jll1 CKpbITaSI 11H.U,OKrp11HaU,11SI Ha nOJil1Tl1'łeCKOM, 11.u,eorror11 q ecKoM , pen11r1103HOM ... nrratte. OcHOBHaSI cpyttKU,11SI TI <t> 11ttcpopMa u,110HHaS1. OHa rocno.u,cTByeT BO Bcex no.u,cTMJISIX 11 )l(aHpax. <l>yHKU,11SI B03.U,eHCTBl1SI, TO'łHee ar11TaU,l10HHO-nponaraH.U,l1CTKaS1 oco6eHHO npOS!BJIS!eTCSI B nOJil1Tl1'łeCKl1X KOMMeHTap11S!X 11 )l(attpax. O6e SIBJIS!lOTCSI cocTaBHOM 'łaCTblO KOMMyH11KaT11BHOH cpyttKu,1111.
B
CHny Toro, 'łTO B II<t>C5 06
JKCnpeCCHBHOCTHJI<l>C
CM. Eq>HMOB196 1 ,
3yMTOB1 97 1 ,
Macnosa1997,
TToKpOBCKaSI1992, Tosović 2002.
156
Pu<JHjJepe1-tL{UaJ11-to-11eKmaJ1b1-ta51 3Kcnpeccue11,ocmb 6PAHK0 T0W0B114
Ot.J:eHh B3)1(Hh!M HBJUieTCH CTpeMneHJ-1e o6pa�aTb BHl1M3Hl1e Ha TO, o t.J:eM coo6�aeTCH, Ot.J:eHh t.J:aCTO 11cnonh3yeTCH ceHcau.110HHhlH MeTO,lJ. nO,l1.3t.J:11 l1Hq>OpMau.1111.
B
3Tl1X u.enHX CJiy)l(aT o6pa3Hble 11 11306pa311TeJihHhie cpe,ll.CTBa (TpOnhI 11 qrnryphl). l·fHor,lJ.a B03HHKaeT npHMOe 06pa�eH11e K t.J:11TaTemo, cnywaTemo, 3p11Temo , 33,ll.aIOTCH cyrreCTl1BHbie 11(n11) npOBOKaU.110HHhie BOnpOChl. .5IpK11M npOHBJieHl1eM TaKoro np11eMa HBITHIOTCH Bhl3h!B3l0�11e 3aroJIOBKl1 11 nO,l1.3aronOBKl1 C He06bJt.J:HhlM 11 t.J:3CT0 napa,l1.0KC8JihHhlM CO,l1.ep)l(aH11eM. Co3HaTeJibHhie OTCTynneHl1H OT mnepaTypHOH HOpMbl B „OpTO,ll.OKCHhIX" TeKCTax orpaH11t.J:eHhl, noTOMY t.J:TO 6onblliaH t.J:aCTh TeKCTOB 11MeeT TOIThKO pecpepeHU.113JihHYIO <pyHKU.1110.B
8H8Jil1H1'-!eCKl1X, oco6eHHO B 11Hq>Op MaTl1BHhIX, TeKCTaX T3Kl1e OTCTynneHl151 HBITHIOTCH HapyweH11eM CTl1JI11CTl1 t.J:eCKl1X HOpM ,l1.3 HHOr0 <l>C. O,lJ.H aKO n11Tep aTypH o-no6 n11-U.l1CTl1t.J:eCK11e TeKCThl 3TO n03BOITS!lOT.Tip11
n o M O �l1 11 Hq>Op M aTl1BHOro n o,l1.CTl1ITH (c Bh!COKl1 M ypoBHeM ocp11u.11aJihHOCTl1) ny6JI11KYIOTCH l1Hq>OpMau.1111 06 aKTyanhHhlX co6hITl1HX. Mx OCHOBHaS! 33,ll.at.J:a HCHO 11 KOp0TKO coo6�11Th o KaKOM-H116yL(h co6bITl111. 3ToT noL(CTl1Jih no He3Kcnpecc11BH0CT11 L(aneK OT JI<l>C, a 6rr1130K K H<l>C 11 O<l>C. OH o6naL(aeT CTaHL(aprnoił cTpyKTypoił, 11 o6bit.J:HO cocTOl1T 113 KOHKpeT11311py10�eJ;i 11 ,lJ.OnOJIHS!IO�eH t.J:8CTeH, T. e. CO,l1.ep)l(11T Tp11 cerMeHTa: t.J:TO, rL(e 11 KaK np01130llIJIO.B
11H<pOpM8U.110HHhlX TeKCTax nOHBJUleTCH 0611n-11e cpaKTorpacp11t.J:eCKOro MaTep11ana, KOTOpb!H ,l1.aB11T JII06y10 3KCnpeCCl1IO. )];pyroti n0L(CTl1Jih aHaJil1Tl1t.J:eCKl1H npecne,lJ.yeT u.eJib npeL(CTaBl1Th, ou.eHl1Th , npOKOM MeHT11pOBaTb onp eL(eJieHHOe HBneH11e, 11 OTITl1t.J:aeTCH 6oraTOH 3KCnpeCCl1BHOCThlO. )KypHaJil1CTCKl1e aHaJil13hl HBJIHIOTCS!, OL(H3KO, Ot.J:eHh pa3ITl1t.J:HhIMl1 OT cyx11x ,li.O Ot.J:eHb 3KCnpeCCl1BHhIX.AHaJil1Tl1t.J:eCKl1H nO,l1.CTl1Jih 6Jil130K K Hayt.J:HOMY cnoco6y Bhipa)l(eHl1H, HO orn11t.J:aeTCH 6onee MHrKOH 11 peAyu.11poBaHHOH apryMeHTau.11eił. C J_(pyroti CTOpOHhl, OH 6oJibllle, '-leM 11Hq>OpM3U.110HHhIH o6na,l1.aeT CBOHCTB3Ml1 n11T epaTypHo-ny6n11u.11cT11t.J:eCKOro, npe)l(,ll.e Bcero 3MOU.110HanhHOCThlO 11 3KC npeCCl1BHOCThlO. 3TMM, OL(H8KO, OTJil1t.J:aeTCH OT co6CTBeHHO Hayt.J:HOro noL( CTMITH . TipMt.J:MHa B TO M, t.J:TO T3K11Ml1 TeKCT3Ml1 aBT0p He o6pa �aeTCH cneu.11an11cTaM n o ,l1.8HHOH o6naCTl1, a BCeM noTeHI.(113JihHhIM t.J:11TaTenHM 11 cnywaTeJI H M , 11 B u.enHx y c 11 n e H 11 H B H l1 M a H M H , 6onee n erKoro 11 BTTe'-laTJIHIO�ero nOHMM3Hl1H CMHrt.J:aeTCS! Hayt.J:HOCTh, a yc11n11BaeTCH 3KCnpe CCMBHOCTh. AHaJIMTl1t.J:eCKMH n0,l1.CTl1ITh L(aJieK OT co6CTBeHHOro Hay'-IHOro 11 y'-le6Horo nOL(CTl1JI51, HO O'-leHh 6Jil130K K Hay'-IH0-nonynHpHoMy. OcHOBHOe,
'łTO 11x c6nm1<aeT 3TO nonym1p113aQ11S1. OHa )Ke KaK pa3 11 Tpe6yeT 3KCnpeCCHBHOCTl1.
I10,D;0 6Hy10 Cl1TyaQHIO Mbl Ha61110,D;a e M B Jll1TepaTypHo-ny61111-Ql1CTl1'-leCKOM no,D;CTl111e, xapaKTepHOM AJlSI O'-lepKOB, penopTa)l(eH, cpenheTO HOB 11 T. n. Cxo,D;CTBO B TOM, 'łTO H 3,D;eCh )KypHaJll1CT c6JlH)KaeTCSI C aBTOpOM ,D;pyroro <I>C, Ha 3TOT pa3 C n11caTeJ1eM: )KypHaJ111CT no,D;Hl1MaeTCSI Ha)]; npocpeCCHOH3JlbHOH OpHeHTaQl1eH 11 BXO)J;HT B BO)];hl 3CTeTH4eCKOro OCMbl cnemrn co6hITHH 11 SIBJleHl1H, 6rraro,D;apsi 'łeMy B03HHKaeT B03MO)KHOCTb C03,D;aHl1SI 6onee CHJibHOH 3KcnpeCCHl1.
OJJ:Hl1M 113 11CT04HHKOB 3KCnpeCCHBHOCTl1 IT <I>C SIBJlSleTCSI MHO ro- 3Ha 'łHOCTb. Ho 3,D;eCh B03Hl1l<aIOT orpaHl1'łeHHSI, TaK KaK O Ha TPe6yeT w11pHHbl, KOTOpyJO He npe,D;oCTaBJlSleT 3TOT CTl1Jlb. TeKCTbl B ra3eTax 11 )KypHanax OTHOCHTeJlhHO He60JlbW11e no pa3Mepy 11 Tp e6y10T SICHOro, TO'łHOrO Bbipa)KeHJ,fSI . IilHq>OpMaQ110HHhle )KaHpbl o6na,D;aIOT Bb!COKOH CTeneHh YHH<pl1KaQl1H 11 wa6JIOHl13aQ1111, no3TOMY 3KCnpeCCl1SI CBOAHTCSI K MHHl1MyMy. AHaJIHTH'łeCKl1e TeKCTbl SIBJlSIIOTCSI 6onee WHpOKl1MH 11 6onee pa3H006pa3Hb!MH, HO He HaCTOJibKO, 'łT06hI 3KCnpeCCHBHOCTb 6hrna B 60JibWeH CTeneHl1 npe,D;CTaBJieHa. CaMOH 6oraTOH n on11ceMaHTH'łeCKOH 3Kcnpecc11BHOCThIO o6na,D;aeT JIHTepaTypHo-ny6JIHU:HCTl14eCKl1H no,D;CTHJib (oqepK11, penopT3)1(11, cpeJibeTOHhl, nyTeBb!e 3an11CKl1 11 T.,D;.). MHor03Ha'łHOCTb oco6eHHO npOS!BJISleTCSI B can1pH'łeCKHX H IOMOp11CTl1'łeCKHX )KaHpax. BTOpb!M Ba)KHb!M 11CTO'-IHl1l<OM 3KCnpeCCl1BHOCTb IT<I>C SIBJlSleTCSI CHHOHl1Ml14HOCTb. B 11CnOJib30BaHl1H CHHOHl1MOB BhI,D;eJISleTCSI Jll1Tep,aTypHo-ny6rr11Ql1CTl1'łeCKl1H no,D;CTHJlb. B OCTaJlbHb!X nO,D;CTl1JlSIX (HHq>OpMaTHBHOM H aHanHTl1'łeCKOM) CHHOHl1MH3aU:HSI orpaHH'łeHa: 11cnOJlh30B3HHe apxaH3MOB, pa3rOBOpHb!X e,D;11HHQbl nO'-ITH HCKJIIO'łeHa, npe)K)];e Bcero nOTOMY, 'łTO y 3Tl1X no,D;CTHJleH OCHOBHaSI q>YHKU:11SI nepe,D;a'ła l1Hq>OpMau:1111, a He B03,D;eHCTBl1e Ha 3MOQ11H. AHTOHHMl1SI TaK)Ke npe,D;CTaBJlSleT B3)KHyJ0 OCHOBY )J)UI C03)];3HHSI 3KCnpeCCHBHOCTl1, XOTSI B IT<I>C npeo6na,D;aeT He3KCnpeCCHBHaSI aHTOHHMHSI. OMOHl1Ml1'łeCKaSI 11 napo HHMH'łeCKaSI 3KCnpeCCHBH0CTb cna6o npe,D;CTaBJleHbl B IT<I>C.
IT<I>C co CBOl1 M H Jil1TepaTypHo-ny6rr11QHCTl14 eCKl1 M l1 )K3 H p a M l1 (penopTa)KaM11, cpenbeTOHaMl1, 11 T.n.) 6111130K K Jll1TepaTypHblM TeKCTaM 11 MeHbWe BCero OTJll1'łaIOTCSI OT Hl1X, noCKOJibKY 3TO, B caMOM ,D;ene, He60JlbWl1e Jll1TepaTypHb!e pa60Tbl n o'łTl1 co BCeMl1 oco6eHHOCTSIMl1 HaCTOSII.l.{11X xy,D;O)KeCTBeHHblX TeKCTOB. B OCTaJibHb!X )KaHpax (11Hq>OpMaTl1B Hb!X 11 aHaJ1HTl1'łeCK11X) pa3Jll1'łl1SI no cpaBHeHl110 C npe,D;bIAYI.l.{11Ml1 6orree 3aMeTHbI: 11cn0Jlb30BaH11e apxal13MOB, pa3rOBOpHblX CJlOB n04Tl1 CBO)J;l1TCSI K
/(urjJrjJepeHijUGJIHO-JleKmGJlbHa.R 3KCnpeCCU6HOCmb 6PAHKO TOWOBH4
Hymo, npe)l()J,e Bcero 113-3a Toro, 'łTO OCHOBHa51 cpyHKQ1151 3Tl1X )l(aHpOB 11Hq>OpM11pOBaTh, a He B03)J,eHCTBOBaTh Ha 'łYBCTBa (ecn11 OHM 11 B03)J,eH CTBYIOT, TO TOnhKO B CMh!Cne arnTaQ1111 11 nponaraH)J,hI).
3KcnpeCCl1BHa51 neKCHKa (pa3rOBOpHb!e cnoBa, )l{aproHl13Mhl, apxaH3Mbl, )J,11aneKTl13Mbl 11 T. n.) B 11Hq>OpMaQl10HHbIX )l{aHpax OTHOC51TC51 nonHOCTblO K HecneQ11q>11'łeCKl1M e)J,11Hl1QaM.
B
TeKCTaX TaKoro T11na cyl..L{eCTByeT IlO'łTl1 TOflbKO )J,Ba nnacTa HeHTpanbHblH 11 TepMHHOnOrH'-łeCKHH. OCHOBHYJO '-łaCTb nocne)J,Hero cocTaBn51eT 061..L{eCTBeHHo-non11T11'łeCKa51 TepM11Honor1151. 11HcpopMaQ110HHbie )l(aHpbI )J,OBOnhHO CTaH)J,apT1130BaHbI, Kn1111rnpoBaHbI.y
aHanHTH'-łeCKl1X )l{aHpOB nyqru11e B03M0)1{HOCTl1 )J,fl51 HCnOnb30BaHl151 3KCnpecceM, O)J,HaKO, OHl1 He 51Bfl51IOTC51 Tl1nl1'1HbIMl1 cpe)J,CTBaMl1 TaKl1X TeKCTOB. TO'IHee, Bee 3aBl1Cl1T OT Toro, KaKOH TOH y attan113a OCTpbIH, yMepeHHbIH, cnoKOHHhIH, HeHTPanbHbIH 11 T.n. B noBce)J,HeBHbIX attan113ax Me)l()J,yHapO)J,HbIX, BHyTpeHHenon11T11'1eCKl1X, 3KOHOMl1'łeCKl1X, KYflbTYPHbIX 11 )J,pyr11x C06b!Tl1H npeo6na)J,aeT yMepeHHOCTb, 11 Il051Bn51eTC51 fll1Wb He6onbWHe OTCTynneHl151 OT CTaH)J,apTHOro cnoco6a 113flO)l(eHl1 51 . 3KcnpeCCl1BHa51 neKCl1Ka o6bI'IHO BCTPeqaeTC51 B KOMMeHTap1151X, He 0Tfll1'ła IOI..L{l1XC51 OCTpOTOH. Oco6eHHO 'łaCTO 3TO 6brnaeT, KOr)J,a BHOCl1TC51 3MOQHOHanbHa51 H OTa 11n11 Bwpa)l(e tt11e nonyqaeT onpe)J,eneHHYIO CTl1fl11CTl1'łeCKYIO TOHanbHOCTb (BbICOKonapHOCTb, 11pOHH'łHOCTh, KOMl13M 11 T. )J,.). B o6ocTpeHHbIX TeKCTax 11Cil0flb3YlOTC51 CMnhHbie, ,,y611HCTBeHHhie" cnoBa, Bbl3bIBaIOI..L{He COOTBeTCTBYIO�YlO 3KCnpeCCl1BHOCTb. 3TO oco6eHHO Ha6mo)J,aeTC51 B noneM11Ke. Ee OCHOBHa51 Qenh pa3o6na'łl1Tb npOTl1BHa51 11 y6e)J,11Th 'łl1TaTen51/cnywaTen51 B npaBl1JihHOCTh CBOMX B3rn51)J,OB. TaK KaK B ee OCHOBe ne)l(l1T KOH<pnl1KT, BbI6op cnoB BbICTynaeT B ero cpyHKQ1111, Il03TOMY 'łaCTO 11CilOflb3yeTC51 3KCnpeCCl1BHa51 neKCl1Ka. B n11TepaTypHo-ny6n11Ql1CTl1-'łeCKl1X TeKCTax aBTOp CTapaeTC51 MaKCl1ManhHO Kpac11BO, BHYWl1TenhHO 11 Bile'łaTn51JOI..L{e Bh!pa311Tb Mb!Cflb, 'łTO cnoco6cTByeT 11CilOflb30BaHl1JO 3KC npeCCl1BHhIX e)J,11Hl1Q. YnoTpe6neH11e pa3H006pa3HOH neKCl1Kl1 OTn11ąaeT CTl1nh oąepKOB 11 penopTa)l(a. )KaprOHHa51 neKCHKa B OCHOBHOM orpa Hl1'ł11BaeTC51 n11Tepa TYP HO-X y )J,O)l(eCTBeHHhIM IlO)J,CTl1neM6.6. �JI51 H<l>C xapaKTepHa CTPOra51 ceneKQl151 513hIKOBoro MaTep11ana, TaK 'łTO 6ónhwa51 'łaCTh 3KCnpeCCl1BHhIX e)J,11H11Q HMKOr)J,a He HCilOflh3yeTC51. ,,Hay'łHOe 113flO)l(ett11e paCC'łl1TaHO Ha nor11'1eCKOe, a He Ha 3MOQ110HanbHO 'łYBCTBeHHOe BOCilp1151Tl1e, Il03TOMY ttay'łHhIH CTl1flh np11 Bb16ope cpe)J,CTB
6 Eonbwe 06 3KcnpeccHBHOCTH TT<I>C CM. Mttwaeea 1 978, Tosović 2002.
«THOTeeT K pe'łeBblM cpe,n:CTBaM, mmieHHbIM 3MOl..(HOHaJibHOH Harpy3KH H 3KCnpeCCHBHblX KpacoK» [ .. . ]" (]3paH,n:ec
1 990: 1 36).
Xorn Hay'łHbJe TeKCTbl CTpeMHTCSI K 6e3ID!'łHOMY OTpa)l(eHHIO 06'beKTa, OHH BCe-TaKH ,n:onycKaIOT aBTOpCK YIO HH,[(HBH ,n:yaJibHOCTb, ,n:a)J(e CBOeo6pa3HYIO JIHpH'łHOCTb (MacJIOBa1 997: 23).
,[(JIH nOJIHCeMHH H<l>C He npe,n:ocTaBnS!eT TaKOH urnpHHbl, KaK JI<l>C, a OCHOBHOH JieKCH'łeCKHH 3anac Hay'łHbIX TeKCTOB c o CT a B JI SIIO T Tep M H H bi , H 3 BeCTH ble CB o e J;i O,[(H 0 3 Ha 'ł H O C Tb IO H He3KCnpeCCHBHOCTbIO. 3TOMY CTHJIIO He CBOHCTBeHHO Bbipa)J(eHHe, KOTOpoe MO)l(HO ,[(BOHHblM o6pa30M TTOHS!Tb . TaK KaK Hay'łHOe 113JIO)l(eHHe He HanpaBJieHO Ha cj) opMy, a Ha co,n:ep)l(aHHe , Sl3bIKOBbJe cpe,n:CTBa He B bJ,[(eJI SI JOTCH oco6oi1 3 K C n p eccHei17. ,, [ . . . ] Y T B ep)l(,n:eHHe o 6e3-3MOl..(HOHaJibHOCTl1 Hay'łHOro CTHJISI pe'łH HeCKOJibKO npe)J(,[(eBpeMeHHO. CKopee, npHX0,[(11TCH roBOpHTb O He113yąeHHOCTH paccMaTpHBaeMoro Bonpoca OTHOCHTeJibHO Hay'łHOro CTHJISI" (Jlann1 988: 96).
qeM Mbl 60JibUie y,n:ansieMCH OT co6CTBeHHO Hay•rnoro TTO,[(CTHJISI 11 npH6JIH)l(aeMCSI K yąe6HOMY J,j oco6eHHO Hay'łHO-nonyJIHpHOMY' BCe 60JibUie B03pacTaeT BepOHTHOCTb TTOSIBJieHHSI 3KCnpeCCl1BHOCTl1. IlpwrnHa B TOM, 'łTO yąe6HbJe noco6HH 11 TeKCTbl ,[(JISI nonynsipH3al(Hl1 HayKH Tpe6yIOT, 'łT06hI aBTOp 3aHHTepecoBan pel(HnHeHTa H KaK MO)l(HO 6onee o6pa3HO npe,n:cTaB11n npo6neMy.7 3KcnpeCCl1BHOCTb B Hayt.JH0M TeKCTe He 11CK11JO'laeTCJI, HO 0Ha cneump11t.JHa 11 M0)KeT 3aK11JOt.JaTbCJI B yKa3aHl111 Ba)KH0CTl1 11311araeMoro 11 Bbipa)KaTbCJI B 11Mn1111Ul1TH0H 111111 3Kcn1111U11TH0H 3aJIBKe 0TnpaB11Tem1 pet.J11 Ha o6beKTl1BHOCTb, Ha A0CT0BepH0CTb coo6LUaeMoro (ApH011bA
1973: 72-73). ,,
OAHaKO HayKa - 3TO He T011bK0 nornKa, HO TaKlKe 11CT0'lHl1K cn0)KHblX 3M0U11H.B
C03HaHl111 yt.JeHoro 11 11106oro t.Je11oeeKa, 0611aAaJOLUero A0CTaT0'lH0 BbIC0Kl1M ypoeHeM 3M0U110Ha11bH0H KY11hTYPbI, Hayt.JHble K0HUenu1111 11 qm11ocoq>cK11e 11CTl1Hbl 0Kpa weHbl 3M0U11JIMl1, K0T0pbie TpYAH0 on11caTb[ .. . ] Hayt.JHbie npeACTaa11emu1 11 <j>1111ocoq>CK11e 11CTl1Hbl -He T011bK0 npeAMeT n0Hl1MaHl1JI, HO 11 npeAMeT t.JYBCTB0B8HHJI. 1160 HeCM0TpJI Ha TO, 'lT0 cnoco6HOCTb eocnp11Hl1MaTb 11H<p0pM8U11JO 11 cnoco6HOCTb nepe)Kl1B8Tb 3M0U1111 npeACTaBJIJIJOT co6oił np0l1B11eHl1JI pa3Hb!X CT0p0H C03HaHl1JI, cyLUeCTBYeT K0ppe11JIU11JI Me)Key C0Aep)K8Hl1eM TOH 111111 11HOH l1H<pOpMau1111 11 xapaKTepoM 3MOU11H, K0T0pbie B C03HaHl111 t.Je11oeeKa accou1111py10TCll C 3TOH l1H<pOp Mau11eił. l1Hq>OpMaU11JI, B03Hl1K8JOLU8ll np11 eocnp11J1Tl111 BHewHero M11pa 111111 C0Aep)K81.U8l!Cll B KaKoił-111160 MblC1111, 11 3MOU110Ha11bHbIH aKK0MnaHeMeHT K 3TOH 11H<p0pM8U1111 - 0TAe11hHbie CT0p0Hbl eAJ,!H0ro ue11oro.K0Het.JHO, He BCJIK3JI 11H<pOpM8Ul1JI, B TOM 'll1C11e 11 Hayt.JH8JI, conp0B0)KA8eTCJI 3M0U11JIMl1. Hanp11Mep, B ceepHYTOH 11H<p0pM8U1111 (B pe<j>epaTe), B npaKTH'leCKOH cnpaB0'lH0H Hayt.JHOH l1H<pOpMau1111, B on11caHl1JIX TeXHH''leCKl1X YCTpOHCTB 11 npae11n nonb30B8Hl1ll 11Ml1 3M0U110Ha11bHblH 311eMeHT B0BCe 0TCYTCTBYeT, KpaiłHe peA0K 0H e Hayt.JH0-TeXHl1'leCKl1X CTaTbJIX (6paHAeC1 990: 1 36).
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Ilo3TOMY '-laCTO BCTpe'-laIOTCSI Bhipa3HTeJihHbJe 11 o6pa3Hhle cpe,n:CTBa, TpOTThl H qrnryphl. H<I>C CTpeMHTCSI K TO'-IHOCTH ,na)Ke QeHHOH MHOrQKparnoro TTOBTOpeHHSI. B 60Jih W H X TeKCTax npOHCXOAHT 6orree B bipa)KeHHOe CeMaHTH'-leCKOe pa3pSl)KeHHe, HO He B TOH Mepe, KOTopasi xapaKTepHa AJIS! Jl <I>C. Ba)KHeHWHM HOCHTeJieM o6pa3HOH 3KCnpeCCHBHOCTH SIBJIS!eTCSI Hay'-IHaSI Meracpopa. 0Ha npoTHBOCTOHT caMoMy THITH'-IHOMY nrracry H<I>C TepMHHaM. B TO BpeMSI KaK OHH SIBJTSIIOTCSI 06rr11raTOpHhlMl1 e.ro,rHHQaMH H<I>C, MeTacpophl HMeIOT cpaKyJibTaTHBHhlH xapaKTep. B Hay'-IHhlX TeKCTax HCTTOJTh3YIOTCSI o6pa3Hhle Ha3BaHHSI, HanpHMep, B TeOpHH xaoca 3qJqJeKm 6a6ot/KU, B <pH3HKe 3(/J(/JeKm myHHe/lR H T.n. B cpvt3HKe 3JieMeHTapHhIX YaCTHQ np11MeHS1eTCSI nepCOHH<pHKaQHSI (rrepeHOC '-leJIOBe'-leCKHX CBOHCTB Ha np11pOAHbie SIBJieHHSI) T H n a „ '-l a CT H Q hI p o J1Coa10mcJ1 H yMupa10m" 8 . C 11 H O H H M I1 '-l e CKYIO 3Kcnpecc11BHOCTh H<I>C npe.nonpe.nerrsiIOT crre.nyIOI.QHe cpaKTopb1 : I ) MarraS1 BepOSITHOCTh ynoTpe6rreHHSI e,n:HHHQ pa3JIB'-IH00 CTHJIBCTH'-leCKOH OKpaCKH, 2) HeH36e)KHOCTb TTOBTOpeHHSI,
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rocno,n:CTBYIQI.QaSI poITh TepMHHOB H crra6aS1 Cl1HOHHMH3aQHSI. B 3TOM CTHJie '-laI.Qe B cero HCIT0Jlh3YIOTCSI He3KCnpeCCHBHbie CHHOHHMhl. .LI:rr.si: Hero He xapaKTepHa 3KCnpeCCHBHaSI rreKCHKa (,D;HarreKTH3Mhl, )KaproHl13Mhl, 6paHHhie CJIOBa H T. n.), HO ecrrH OHH TTOSIBJlfilOTCSI, TO BhlCTynaIOT KaK a6COJTIOTHO HecneQH<pH'-IHbie e,n:HHHQhl. 1'fa-3a Bcero 3TOro Hay'-IHaSI CHHOHHMHSI OTJIH'-laeTCSI OAHoo6pa3HeM. EaJOBhie npHHQHnhI H<I>C Tpe6y10T, '-IT06h1, 6e3 3MOQHH (KOTOphie '-laI.Qe B cero Bhl3hJBaIOT 3KCnpeCCHBHhie CHHOHH MhI), MhICJib BhICKa3aTh SICHO, '-leTKO H rrorH'-IHO.8 „O,n:Ho 11 TO )l(e CJI0B0 nonepeMeHH0 yrrorpe6m1eTCll B pa3HblX JHaYeHHllX, pea.rr11Jal.(l1ll K0T0pbIX o6ycnoBJieHa K0HTeKCT0M. 3TO CKaJbIBaeTCll Ha BCeH CHCTeMe ceMaHTHYeCKHX 0THOWeHHH <«pH3H4eCKOfO ll3bIKa». CBl!Jb «0603HalJa eMoe - 060JHaYaromee» rrepecTaeT 6bITb )l(eCTK0 JaKperrneHHOH, rrpl!MOH H 0AH0JHalJHOH. B HeH IT0llBJJlleTCll JJieMeHT ycJI0BH0CTH, IT0CT0llHH0 0C0JHa aaeMOH H0CHTeJil!MH ll3bIKa. CornacHO xapaKTepHCTHKe B. rewJeH6epra, «3T0 ll3bIK, K0TOpbIH Bbl3bIBaeT B HaweM C0JHaHHH K0HKpeTHbie npe,n:cTaBJieHHll, HO BMeCTe C HHMH H omymeHHe, lJT0 rrpe,n:CTaaneHHll 3TH orpa)l(alOT JIHWb TeH,n:eHl.(HlO K ,n:eHCTBHTeJibHOCTH, a He CaMy ,n:eHCTBHTeJibHOCTb» .
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HayYH0e J,!JJI0)l(eHHe rronyyaeT WHpOKHH A0CTYIT MH0f0JHalJH0e CJI0B0, BbICTyrraromee a Ka'leCTBe JaBeA0M0 ycJI0BH0f0 HaHMeH0BaHHll. 3TO .n:aeT B03M0)1(H0CTb 6onee WHp0K0 HCIT0JlbJ0BaTb TaKHe o6pa3Hble cpe,n:CTBa, K0T0pbie B03HHKaIOT Ha rrepeceYeHHl1 rrpllM0f0 H rrepeH0CH0ro JHalJeHHll CJI0Ba, KaK, HarrpHMep, MeTacpopa" (Cnaaropo,n:cKall1980: 190-19 I ).
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npo.S1BJI.S1eTc.S1 ABOHHasi np11po.u:a 4>y1-1Ku:110HaJihHO-cT11n11cT11-q ecKo i-i 3KCnpeCCl1BHOCTH: C OAHOH CTOpOHbl ,O<l>C
OTJIH'łaeTC.SI onpe,n;eneHHOH CTeneHbłO 3KcnpeCCl1BHOCTl1 , C .u:pyroi-i ero 3JieMeHTbl CTaHOB.SITC.SI 3KCnpeCCHBHbIMl1 np11 11X 11CTTOJib30BaHl111 B ,n;pyr11x q>yHKU:110-HaJibHbIX CTHJI.SIX (B q>OpMe TaK Ha3. KaHu:enSip113MOB).B Cl1CTeMe q>yHKU:110HaJibHbIX CTl1JieH non.SlpHbie Il0311U:1111 3aHl1MałOT Jl<l>C
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3cTeT11'łeCKasi q>yHKU:HSI, rn11p111-1a 11 pa31-1006pa3tte nepBoro 11 CTaH,n;apTH30BaHHOCTb H He3KCnpeCCHBHOCTb BTOporo CTHJI.SI SIBJISlłOTC.SI OCHOBHbIMH ,AHq>q>epeHu:11aJibHbIMl1 np113HaKaMH. Ecn11 cyl.I.(eCTBeHHblH KOMTTOHeHT xy,AO)KeCTBeHHOro TeKCTa 3CTeTH'łHOCTb H 3KCnpeCCHBHOCTb, Y3HaBaeMOH xapaKTep11CTHKOH .u:enOBbIX, łOPHAH'łeCKHX H no.u:o6Hb!XTeKCTOB .SIBJIS!eTC.SI CTaH,u:apT113aU:11.SI H YHl1q>l1Kau:11si.
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HaCTOJibKOYHl1q>11U:HPOBaH, 'łTO HeKOTOpbie BH,U:bl MO)l(HO 3anOJIHSITb KaK KpOCCBOp,U:. XOT.SI .Sl3bIKOBa.SI YHHq>HKaU:H.SI .SIBJISieTC.SI OTpHU:aTeJibHbIM SIBJie1-111eM, OHa Hel136e)l(Ha B TaKOM THne o61.I.(eHl1.SI.
9 Eorree no.a;po6tto o Hay
1rnolł JKcnpecCHBHOCTH CM. KolKHHa 1 97 1 , rerrrrep 1 978,
M11rroBaH0Ba 1 976, Poraaa 1989, Tośović 2002.
/1,u(jJ(jJepeHt,fUaJlHO-JleKmaJlbliGJI. 3KCnpeCCUBHOCmb 6PAHKO TOWOBHY [ . . . ] ocjJHL1HaJ1bHO-,U.eJIOBbJe TeKCTbl, XOTJI H pacCYHTaHbl Ha B03,U.eHCTBHe, nO'łTH He co.u.ep)KaT 3KCnpeCCHBHblX e,U.HHHI..1 (B TPa.U.HI..IHOHHOM CM bi Cne CJIOBa). Cne1..11-1cjrnKa 3THX TeKCTOB onpe,u.eJilleTCJI 6onblllHM KOJIH'łeCTBO M THOH'łHbIX CHTya1..11-1i1, CTepeOTHOHOCTb KOTOpblX OTPa)((eHa Ha ypoBHe )((aHpa (3aJIBJieHHe, pacnHCKa H T . .u..) - B CTPYKType TeKCTa H B onpe.u.eneHHOH JieKCH'łeCKOH 3aKpenneHHOCTH. 11H.U.HBH.U.YaJibHOCTb aBTopa, C KOTOpOH conpll)((eHa 3KCnpecCHBHOCTb TeKCTa mo-6oro CTHJISI, XOTSI 1-1 B MeHbllleH CTeneHH, 'łeM B .u.pyrHX, npOllBJIJleTCSI 1-1 B ,u.eJIOBOM CTHJie, HanpHMep, Ja C'łeT 60JibllleH HJIH MeHbllleH HHTeJIJieKTyaJIH3al..lHH TeKCTa, ero norH'łHOCTH . YMepeHHOe H yMeCTHOe HapyUieHHe CTepeOTHnOB Sl3bIKa, CTPYKTypbl TeKCTa TaK)((e .u.aeT 3KcnpeCCHBHbIH 3cpcpeKT (MacJIOBa
1997: 22-23).
OcHOBHaH cj:>yHKQHH O<I>C coo6ll\eHHe 11 06lll,eH1-1e.Tpa.U. H I..I H O H H O a,U.M H H HCTpaTHBH O-,u.eno B O H Sl3bl K COOTHOCJIT TOJibKO C KOMMYHHKaTHBHO-HHcj)OpMal..lHOHHOH cpyHKL1Hei1 Sl3bJKa cjlyHKI..IHeH co06ll.leHHll.
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caM OM .u.ene B )((aHpax npHrnaUieHHJI, ofrbS!BneHHSI rocnO)J.CTByeT cpyHKLIHH C006ll.leHHJI.B
.u.pyrnx )((aHpax peanmyeTCSI H cpyHKLIHSI B03,U.eHCTBHJI, HanpHMep, B )((aHpax 3aKOHa, yKa3a, npHKa3a [ ... ] H cjlyHKLIHSI 06ll.leHHSI, npeo6na,u.a10ll{all B )((attpax .u.enoBoi1 nepenHCKH, .u.oroBopa (JiornHoBa1975: 7).
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CTapeBW851 JieKCl1Ka 51BJI51eTC51 )l(eJi aTeJibHOH HaCT0JlbK0, HaCK0JibK0 pa3r0B0pHa51 HJIH )J,I1aJieKTHa51. 3KcnpeCCHBHa51 MH0r03Ha'łH0CTb 0'łeHb cna6o npe)J.CTaBJieHa. 3TO T0)l(e 0TH0CI1TC51 K CHH0-Hl1MI1 'łeCKOH 3Kcnpecc11BH 0CT11, noToMy 'łT0 Bh16op B O<I>C cBe)J.eH K HeHTpaJibHOH 11 TepMHHOJIOrH'łeCKOH JieKCHKe ('łaUJ,e Bcero I1CTT0J1b3YIOTC51 CTI1JII1CTH'łeCKl1 HeMapK11p0BaHHbie Cl1HOHl1Mbl). IloBTOpbl He1136e)l(Hbl 11 'łaCT0 BCTpe'łaIOTC51. qTO KacaeTC51 aHTOHHMH'łeCKOH 3KCnpeCCI1BH0CTl1, 0Ha pewo 11cnonh3yeTcH1 0•JO
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OQlHl..(HaJlbHO-,!lenoBoił 3KCnpeCCHBHOCTH CM. TTyneHKO1988,
Tosović 2002.-
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8.
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O).1,HOBpeMeHHO HTTH nocne)],OBaTenbHO OTnpaBnSIIOT HnH npHHHMaIOT coo6w.eH HS!. T11nwrnasi cq>epa T3KOH KOMMYHHKaU,HH nOBCe)],HeBHOe o6w.eHHe, 'łaCTHbie pa3roBOpbl, HenpHHY)l(AeHHbie 6ece)],b1. H11 O)].HH Apyroił <l>C He HMeeT TaK Bbipa)l(eHHYJO KOMMYHHK3THBHyJO q>yHKU,HIO. ABTOM3TH3M 1-1 cnOHTaHHOCTb, xapaKTep HbJe )],TTSI Hero , npen SITCTBYIOT TIOHBneH HIO OCHOBaTenbHOH Y MCTBeHHOH H H3b!KOBOH nO)],rOTOBKH (COOTBeTCTBeHHO OCMbICneHHOH 3KCnpeCCHBHOCTH), TaK 'łTO KOMMYHHK3U.HSI np oTeKaeT HenpH H Y)l()],eHHO, CTIOHT3H H O , 1-1 co6ece)],HHKH o 6 bI 'łHO 3apaHee H e 3 H 3IOT, 'łeM OHa KOH'łHTCH. IlpH oq>opMneHHH P<l>C BO3HHKaeT u,eHTHOT, npem1TCTBYIOW.HH xopo w o TIO)].yMaTb, C)],enaTb KOppeKU,HIO, npoBeCTI-1 npoBepKy HCTO'ł HHKOB [.1 T . n . (rOBOpS!Ll.I,HH BbIHY)l()],eH O).1,HOBpeMeHHO AYM3Tb H rOBOpHTb). BO3MO)l(HOCTb TIO)].rOTOBKH npHBO)],MT K „rpy6oMy perrbeq>y" Bbipa)l(eHHSI H 3q>eMepHOH 3KCnpeCCHBHOCT H . :Vl 3-3a TeM aTH'łeCKOH W 11p 11 H bl , CTIO HTa H H O CTH 11 Henp11Hy)l()],eHHOCT11 B P<l>C 11cnon1:,3yroTcsi: crroBa pa3rrwrnoi1 3Kcnpecc1111.B
P<l>C norry'łaIOT 3H3'łl1TeJibHOe MeCTO 3neMeHTbl cou,11oneKTOB, npe)l()],e BCero )l(aproHa. P.51C SIBnsieTrn e)],MHCTBeHHbIM <l>C, npe)].cTaBnsi:10w.11M )1(11BYIO cpe)].y )],nSI ero e)],11Hl1U,.B
3TOM CTHJie cyw.ecTBYIOT SipKO Bbipa)l(eHHhlH KOHTpacT: KOHKpeTHaH pe'łeBaH peanH33U,HSI OTTTl1 'łaeTCSI He 6oraThl M neKCH'łeCKHM 3anaco M, a o6w.asi 6oraTCTBOM (Bcero eCTb TIOHeMHOry, 6on1:,we BCero HeHTpaJibHOH 11 pa3roBOpHOH neKCHKH, cna6o npe)].CTaBJieHbl TepM11Hbl H KH11)KHaSI neKCl1Ka, pe)],Kl1Ml1 SIBTTSIIOTCSI apxal13Mb1). B P<l>C C OXOTOH HCTTOnb3YlOTCSI cycpcp11KCbl cy6beKTl1BHOH ou,eHKl-1. Pa3rOBOp H bie )],ep11Bau,11OHHb!e MO)],eJIH cJiy)KaT )],nSI nepe)],a'łH 3MOU,HOHaJibHO-3KCnpeCCHB HOH ou,eHKH (TIOJI0)1(11TenhHOH 11 OTp11u,aTenbHOH) yMeHbllil1TeJibHO-Jiac KaTeJibHbie CJIOBa Bblp3)1(3IOT Be)l(nHBOCTb, 11HTl1MHOCTb, cpaMHTTbS!pHOCTb, a yBemi 'mTeJibHb!e CJIOB a OTTaJIKHBa H11e, OC)K,ll;eH11e, He,ll;OBOTTbCTB H e , npe3peHMe 11 T.n. HeKOTop1:,1e C'łHTalOT, 'łTO pa3rOBOpHaSI pe'łb B O BCex e e pa3HOBH)],HOCTSIX (co6CTBeHHOH pa3roBOpHOH, npOCTOpe'łHOH, )],11aneKTHOH) SIBJISleTCH B CHCTeMe q>yHKU,110HaJibHb!X CTl1JieH 6onee BCero 3KCnpeCCHBHOH H npHBO)],SIT TaKOH cpaKT:J{urprpepeHLfUaJIHO-/leKmaJlbH(JJl. 3KCnpeCCU6HOCmb
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BeKe cppaHl..(y3CKHH 11ccne,noBaTeJib .ll:10 Mapce n11can, '-!TO 3a OJJ.11H 6a3apHblH ,neHb Ha pb!HKe MO)l(HO ycJib!WaTb 60JibWe q>Hryp pe'-IH, '-leM 3a HeCKOJibKO 3ace,naHHH cppaHl..(Y3CKOH AKa,ne M H H . IlpH'-IHHa 6onbwow 3KcnpeccHBHocrn pa3roBOpHOH pe'-!H B TOM, '-!TO npH cnoHTaHHOH pe'-IH KOMMYHHKaTbl He ycneBalOT ee OCB060,nHTb OT KpawHeH cy6beKTHBHOCTH, HH,D,HBH,D,YaJibHOCTH (MacJIOBa1997: 23).
P<l>C 0TJIHtłaeTCSI urnp0KHM HC00Jih30BaHHeM CJI0B B nepeH0CH0M
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