• Nie Znaleziono Wyników

View of Partycypacja polityczna w Polsce

N/A
N/A
Protected

Academic year: 2021

Share "View of Partycypacja polityczna w Polsce"

Copied!
26
0
0

Pełen tekst

(1)

Political Preferences

Preferencje polityczne

10/2015

Redakcja naukowa: Robert Alberski Zbigniew Widera Katowice 2015

(2)

Rada Naukowa:

SURI GU KDE 5RPDQ %lFNHU 8QLZHUV\WHW 0LNRáDMD .RSHUQLND Z 7RUXQLX 3ROVND  SURI GU KDE 7DGHXV] *RGOHZVNL 8QLZHUV\WHW 0LNRáDMD .RSHUQLND Z 7RUXQLX 3ROVND  SURI GU KDE ,ZRQD -DNXERZVND%UDQLFND 8QLZHUV\WHW :DUV]DZVNL 3ROVND  SURIGUKDE6ODYRPLU0DJiO 8QLZHUV\WHWĞZ&\U\ODL0HWRGHJRZ7UQDZLH6áRZDFMD  SURI GU KDE -R]HI 0DW~ã 8QLZHUV\WHW ĞZ &\U\OD L 0HWRGHJR Z 7UQDZLH 6áRZDFMD  SURI GU KDE /LERU 3DYHUD :\ĪV]D 6]NRáD +DQGORZD 3UDJD &]HFK\  SURI GU KDE 'DQD3HWUDQRYi 8QLZHUV\WHWĞZ&\U\ODL0HWRGHJRZ7UQDZLH6áRZDFMD SURIGUKDE 2OJD3URNRSHQNR 6XPVNL8QLZHUV\WHW1DURGRZ\8NUDLQD SURIGUKDE7HUHVD6DVLĔVND.ODV 8QLZHUV\WHW -DJLHOORĔVNL Z .UDNRZLH 3ROVND  SURI GU KDE -HU]\ 6LHOVNL 8QLZHUV\WHW 6]F]HFLĔVNL3ROVND GU0DUFMDQQD$XJXVW\Q 8QLZHUV\WHWZ+XOO$QJOLD SURI-DQD*DOHUD 0DW~ãRYi 8QLZHUV\WHWĞZ&\U\ODL0HWRGHJRZ7UQDZLH6áRZDFMD  .ROHJLXPUHGDNF\MQH GUKDE$JQLHV]ND7XUVND.DZD UHGDNWRUQDF]HOQD PJU0DFLHM0DUPROD VHNUHWDU] GUKDE5REHUW$OEHUVNL UHGDNWRUWHPDW\F]Q\V\VWHP\L]DFKRZDQLDZ\ERUF]H  GUKDE'DQXWD3OHFNDSURI80. UHGDNWRUWHPDW\F]Q\LGHQW\¿NDFMHSROLW\F]QH  GUKDEàXNDV]7RPF]DN UHGDNWRUWHPDW\F]Q\SDUWLHSROLW\F]QH  GUKDE=ELJQLHZ:LGHUDSURI8( UHGDNWRUWHPDW\F]Q\PDUNHWLQJSROLW\F]Q\  GUKDE:DOGHPDU:RMWDVLN UHGDNWRUWHPDW\F]Q\V\VWHP\SDUW\MQH  PJU3U]HP\VáDZ*U]RQND UHGDNWRUVWDW\VW\F]Q\  3URMHNWRNáDGNL-DURVáDZ:LFKXUD :HUVMDSLHUZRWQDF]DVRSLVPDSDSLHURZD 5HFHQ]HQFL

GU KDE $JQLHV]ND .DVLĔVND0HWU\ND SURI 8-. Z .LHOFDFK 8QLZHUV\WHW LP -DQD .RFKDQRZVNLHJRZ.LHOFDFK GUKDE0DFLHM'U]RQHN 8QLZHUV\WHW6]F]HFLĔVNL GUKDE -DFHN6XU]\Q 8QLZHUV\WHWĝOąVNLZ.DWRZLFDFK SURIGUKDE+DQD3UDYGRYi 8QLZHUV\WHW ĞZ&\U\ODL0HWRGHJRZ7UQDZLH6áRZDFMD SURIGUKDEďXGPLODýiE\RYi 8QLZHUV\WHW ĞZ&\U\ODL0HWRGHJRZ7UQDZLH6áRZDFMD GUKDE-XOLiQD0LQiULNRYi 8QLZHUV\WHWĞZ &\U\ODL0HWRGHJRZ7UQDZLH6áRZDFMD  ‹&HQWUXP,QQRZDFML7UDQVIHUX7HFKQRORJLLL5R]ZRMX)XQGDFMD8QLZHUV\WHWXĝOąVNLHJR Katowice 2015

:\GDZFą F]DVRSLVPD MHVW ,QVW\WXW 1DXN 3ROLW\F]Q\FK L ']LHQQLNDUVWZD 8QLZHUV\WHWX ĝOąVNLHJRRUD]&HQWUXP,QQRZDFML7UDQVIHUX7HFKQRORJLLL5R]ZRMX)XQGDFMD8QLZHUV\WHWX ĝOąVNLHJR 3DWURQDWQDGSURMHNWHPVSUDZXMą3ROVNLH7RZDU]\VWZR1DXN3ROLW\F]Q\FKRUD]7RZDU]\VWZR ,QLFMDW\Z1DXNRZ\FK ISSN: 2083-327X 'UXN5(0$5ZZZUHPDUVRVQRZLHFSOHPDLOZ\GDZQLFWZR#UHPDUVRVQRZLHFSO

(3)

63,675(ģ&,

:VWĊS ... 7 Waldemar Wojtasik 8QLZHUV\WHWĝOąVNLZ.DWRZLFDFK3ROVND

3ROVNLZ\ERUFDZSHUVSHNW\ZLHPRGHOXJáRVRZDQLDUHWURVSHNW\ZQHJR ... 9 àXNDV]7RPF]DN 8QLZHUV\WHW6]F]HFLĔVNL3ROVND :\ERUF\SROVNLFKSDUWLLSROLW\F]Q\FKZREHFSUREOHPXUR]ZDUVWZLHQLD VSRáHF]QHJR ... 23 $JQLHV]ND7XUVND.DZD 8QLZHUV\WHWĝOąVNLZ.DWRZLFDFK3ROVND &]\QQLNJRVSRGDUF]\MDNRSUHG\NWRU]DFKRZDĔZ\ERUF]\FK ... 37 .DUROLQD7\EXFKRZVND+DUWOLĔVND 8QLZHUV\WHW:DUPLĔVNR0D]XUVNL Z2OV]W\QLH3ROVND 3DUW\F\SDFMDSROLW\F]QDZ3ROVFH ... 51 5REHUW$OEHUVNL 8QLZHUV\WHW:URFáDZVNL3ROVND

Danuta Plecka 8QLZHUV\WHW0LNRáDMD.RSHUQLNDZ7RUXQLX3ROVND

2E\ZDWHOVNLHNRPSHWHQFMHSROLW\F]QHDZ\EUDQHPRW\Z\SRGHMPRZDQLD GHF\]MLZ\ERUF]\FK ... 71 0DJGDOHQD0XVLDá.DUJ 8QLZHUV\WHW$GDPD0LFNLHZLF]DZ3R]QDQLX3ROVND

*áRVRZDQLHHOHNWURQLF]QHMDNRDOWHUQDW\ZQDPHWRGDXF]HVWQLF]HQLD

ZZ\ERUDFKRSLQLH3RODNyZ ... 87 Maciej Marmola 8QLZHUV\WHWĝOąVNLZ.DWRZLFDFK3ROVND

6SRáHF]QHSRVWU]HJDQLHLQVW\WXFMLrecall i weta ludowego w warunkach

polskich ... 109 $JQLHV]NDàXNDVLN7XUHFND .DWROLFNL8QLZHUV\WHW/XEHOVNL-DQD3DZáD,,3ROVND

3RSDUFLHNDQG\GDWDSU]H]OLGHUDSDUWLLDGHF\]MHZ\ERUFyZ

(4)

Agata Olszanecka-Marmola 8QLZHUV\WHWĝOąVNLZ.DWRZLFDFK3ROVND 5HNODPDQHJDW\ZQDLZL]HUXQNRZDZRGELRU]HSROVNLHJRHOHNWRUDWX ... 133 7RPDV]2OF]\N 8QLZHUV\WHW:DUV]DZVNL3ROVND 6LáDFHOHEU\WyZZNDPSDQLLZ\ERUF]HM ... 147 -DQLQD.RZDOLN 8QLZHUV\WHW-DQD.RFKDQRZVNLHJRZ.LHOFDFK3ROVND 'HPRNUDFMDORNDOQDDLGHDRJUDQLF]HQLDOLF]E\NDGHQFMLZyMWyZ EXUPLVWU]yZ SUH]\GHQWyZPLDVW ... 159 'RPLQLN6]F]HSDĔVNL 8QLZHUV\WHW5]HV]RZVNL3ROVND :\EyURSFMLF]\RVRE\"'HWHUPLQDQW\]DFKRZDĔZ\ERUF]\FKPLHV]NDĔFyZ ZRMHZyG]WZDSRGNDUSDFNLHJRZZ\ERUDFKGR3DUODPHQWX(XURSHMVNLHJR ZUZĞZLHWOHEDGDĔHPSLU\F]Q\FK ... 177 Summaries ... 195

(5)

,QWURGXFWLRQ ... 7 Waldemar Wojtasik 8QLYHUVLW\RI6LOHVLDLQ.DWRZLFH3RODQG

3ROLVKYRWHULQWKHSHUVSHFWLYHRIUHWURVSHFWLYHYRWLQJPRGHO ... 9 àXNDV]7RPF]DN 6]F]HFLQ8QLYHUVLW\3RODQG 3ROLVKSROLWLFDOSDUWLHVYRWHUVDQGVRFLDOVWUDWL¿FDWLRQSUREOHP ... 23 $JQLHV]ND7XUVND.DZD 8QLYHUVLW\RI6LOHVLDLQ.DWRZLFH3RODQG (FRQRPLFIDFWRUDVDSUHGLFWRURIYRWLQJEHKDYLRXU ... 37 .DUROLQD7\EXFKRZVND+DUWOLĔVND 8QLYHUVLW\RI:DUPLDDQG0D]XU\LQ 2OV]W\Q3RODQG 3ROLWLFDOSDUWLFLSDWLRQLQ3RODQG ... 51 5REHUW$OEHUVNL 8QLYHUVLW\RI:URFáDZ3RODQG

Danuta Plecka 1LFRODXV&RSHUQLFXV8QLYHUVLW\LQ7RUXĔ3RODQG &LYLOSROLWLFDOFRPSHWHQF\DQGFKRVHQUHDVRQVZKHQWDNLQJ

electoral decisions ... 71 0DJGDOHQD0XVLDá.DUJ $GDP0LFNLHZLF]8QLYHUVLW\LQ3R]QDĔ3RODQG

(OHFWURQLFYRWLQJDVDQDOWHUQDWLYHPHWKRGRISDUWLFLSDWLRQLQWKHHOHFWLRQV± RSLQLRQVRI3ROHV ... 87 Maciej Marmola 8QLYHUVLW\RI6LOHVLDLQ.DWRZLFH3RODQG

7KHVRFLDOUHFHSWLRQRIUHFDOODQGSHRSOH¶VYHWRDPRQJ3ROLVKHOHFWRUDWH ... 109 $JQLHV]NDàXNDVLN7XUHFND 7KH-RKQ3DXO,,&DWKROLF8QLYHUVLW\RI/XEOLQ 3RODQG

Support the candidate by the party leader and the decisions of voters.

(OHFWRUDOVWXG\ ... 121

&217(176

(6)

Agata Olszanecka-Marmola 8QLYHUVLW\RI6LOHVLDLQ.DWRZLFH3RODQG 1HJDWLYHDQGYLVXDODGYHUWLVLQJLQWKHUHFHSWLRQRI3ROLVKHOHFWRUDWH ... 133 7RPDV]2OF]\N :DUVDZ8QLYHUVLW\3RODQG 7KHVWUHQJWKRIFHOHEULWLHVLQWKHHOHFWLRQFDPSDLJQ ... 147 -DQLQD.RZDOLN 7KH-DQ.RFKDQRZVNL8QLYHUVLW\LQ.LHOFH3RODQG /RFDOGHPRFUDF\DQGWKHLGHDRIWHUPOLPLWVYRLWV PD\RUV ... 159 'RPLQLN6]F]HSDĔVNL 8QLYHUVLW\RI5]HV]yZ3RODQG 6HOHFWLQJWKHSHUVRQ"'HWHUPLQDQWVRIYRWLQJEHKDYLRULQKDELWDQWVRIWKH 6XEFDUSDWKLDQ9RLYRGHVKLSLQHOHFWLRQVWRWKH(XURSHDQ3DUOLDPHQWLQ in the light of empirical research ... 177 Summaries ... 195

(7)

Ä3ROLWLFDO3UHIHUHQFHV´1R '2,P¿JVKDUH

.DUROLQD7\EXFKRZVND+DUWOLęVND

8QLZHUV\WHW:DUPLęVNR0D]XUVNL3ROVND

3$57<&<3$&-$32/,7<&=1$:32/6&(

Abstract:

%DVLQJ RQ UHVHDUFK FDUULHG RXW RQ D UHSUHVHQWDWLYH JURXS RI 3ROHV DV SDUW RI D QDWLRQDO UHVHDUFK SURMHFW FDOOHG Ä3ROLWLFDO SUHIHUHQFHV $WWLWXGHV,GHQWLWLHV %HKDYLRXUV´LWFDQEHFRQFOXGHGWKDWUHVSRQGHQWVWKHPRVWRIWHQSRLQWH[SUHVVLQJWKHLU EHOLHIVWKURXJKSHWLWLRQV  ORFDOLQLWLDWLYHV  DQGGHPRQVWUDWLRQV   5HVHDUFKVKRZVWKDWPHQPRUHIUHTXHQWO\WKDQZRPHQH[SUHVVWKHLURSLQLRQV WKURXJKSHWLWLRQV  ORFDOLQLWLDWLYHV  DQGGHPRQVWUD WLRQV  ,QKDELWDQWVRIYLOODJHVDQGWRZQVRYHUWKRXVDQGSHRSOH ZHUHQHDUO\WZRWLPHVPRUHDFWLYHWKDQFLWL]HQVRIPHGLXPVL]HGYLOODJHV+DYLQJ DWOHDVWDVHFRQGDU\VFKRROHGXFDWLRQGH¿QLWHO\LQFUHDVHVSHRSOH¶VDFWLYLW\ DSSUR[  PRUHWKDQKDYLQJDYRFDWLRQDOHGXFDWLRQ DSSUR[ ([SUHVVLQJYLHZV LVDOVRGHSHQGHQWRQDJHEHFDXVH\RXQJHUSHRSOHGRLWPRUHIUHTXHQWO\WKDQHOGHU RQHV7KHPRVWLQGLFDWHGZHUHLQGLYLGXDOVLQWKHDJHJURXS  PRUH UDUHO\DOWKRXJKLQFRPSDUDEOHSURSRUWLRQVSHRSOHDJHGDQGZKLOHLQ WKHQH[WDJHJURXSVWKDWDFWLYLW\GURSVVLJQL¿FDQWO\3HRSOHDJHGDQG WKHPRVWZLOOLQJO\WDNHSDUWLQGHPRQVWUDWLRQV3HRSOHDJHGVLJQSHWLWLRQV DQGHQJDJHLQORFDOLQLWLDWLYHV$PRQJFLWL]HQVLQWKHDJHRIDQGPRUHWKHUHLV not evident diversity in the forms of participation.

7KHGL൵HUHQFHVLQWKHEHKDYLRXURISHRSOHZLWKYDULRXVYLHZVDUHDOVRKLJK OLJKWHG7KRVHZKRGHFODUHWKHPVHOYHVDVOHIWZLQJSUHIHUSHWLWLRQV  DJDLQVW ORFDOLQLWLDWLYHV  DQGGHPRQVWUDWLRQV  &HQWULVWYRWHUVWKHPRVWRIWHQ FKRRVHSHWLWLRQV  DJDLQVWORFDOLQLWLDWLYHV  DQGGHPRQVWUDWLRQV   And people who declare themselves as right wing mainly indicate local initiatives   DJDLQVW SHWLWLRQV   DQG GHPRQVWUDWLRQV   %XW WKRVH FLWL]HQV ZKRFRXOGQRWGHWHUPLQHWKHPVHOYHVWKHPRVWRIWHQGHFLGHWRSHWLWLRQV   DJDLQVWORFDOLQLWLDWLYHV  DQGGHPRQVWUDWLRQV  7DNLQJXQGHUFRQVLGH UDWLRQGHFODUHGSROLWLFDOYLHZVWKHUHDUHQRVLJQL¿FDQWGL൵HUHQFHVZKHQLWFRPHV WRPHPEHUVKLSLQSROLWLFDOSDUWLHVWUDGHXQLRQVQRQJRYHUQPHQWRUJDQL]DWLRQV

(8)

<ĂƌŽůŝŶĂdLJďƵĐŚŽǁƐŬĂͲ,ĂƌƚůŝŷƐŬĂ DQGORFDODVVRFLDWLRQV*UHDWHUGLVSURSRUWLRQVDUHKLJKOLJKWHGZKHQFRPSDULQJ EHORQJLQJWRGL൵HUHQWW\SHVRIRUJDQL]DWLRQV5HJDUGOHVVRIWKHRSLQLRQVWKHPRVW SRSXODUDUHORFDODVVRFLDWLRQVIROORZHGE\QRQJRYHUQPHQWRUJDQL]DWLRQVWUDGH XQLRQVDQGWKHOHDVWSROLWLFDOSDUWLHV ,QFRQFOXVLRQLWFDQEHVDLGWKDWWKHSROLWLFDOSDUWLFLSDWLRQLQ3RODQG FOHDUO\LQGLFDWHVZKRLVPRUHIUHTXHQWDQGZKRLVPRUHVHOGRPZLOOLQJWREH DFWLYHLQWKLVDUHD,WVHHPVWREHDQLPSRUWDQWFOXHIRUWKRVHZLVKLQJWRWDNH H൵HFWLYHDFWLYLWLHVWRLQFUHDVHWKHLQYROYHPHQWRIFLWL]HQV

Key words:

SROLWLFDOSDUWLFLSDWLRQ3RODQGORFDOLQLWLDWLYHVGHPRQVWUDWLRQVSHWLWLRQV

Wprowadzenie

$NW\ZQRĞü RE\ZDWHOL Z Ī\FLX SXEOLF]Q\P MHVW LVWRWą GHPRNUDFML ,FK]DDQJDĪRZDQLHPRĪHSU]\ELHUDüUyĪQHREOLF]D1DMSRZV]HFKQLHMV]ąPLDUą MHVWXG]LDáZJáRVRZDQLX-HGQDNQLHPQLHMZDĪQ\PSR]QDZF]RREOLF]HPMHVW ZáąF]DQLHVLĊZG]LDáDOQRĞüLQVW\WXFMRQDOQąSRSU]H]F]áRQNRVWZRZSDUWLLSROL W\F]QHM]ZLą]NDFK]DZRGRZ\FKRUJDQL]DFMLSR]DU]ąGRZHMF]\VWRZDU]\V]HQLX ORNDOQ\P:DUWRUyZQLHĪ]ZUyFLüXZDJĊQDSDUW\F\SDFMĊZ\UDĪRQąSRSU]H] SRGSLV\ZDQLHSHW\FMLXG]LDáZGHPRQVWUDFMDFKRUD]LQLFMDW\ZDFKORNDOQ\FK *áyZQ\PFHOHPRSUDFRZDQLDMHVWXND]DQLHSRZ\ĪV]\FKIRUPSDUW\F\ SDFMLSROLW\F]QHMZNRQWHNĞFLHSáFLZLHNXZ\NV]WDáFHQLDPLHMVFD]DPLHV]NDQLD MDNLGHNODURZDQ\FKGHF\]MLZ\ERUF]\FKRUD]SRJOąGyZ3RF]\QLRQHUR]ZDGHNODURZDQ\FKGHF\]MLZ\ERUF]\FKRUD]SRJOąGyZ3RF]\QLRQHUR]ZD ĪDQLDSR]ZROąQDZ\FLąJQLĊFLHZQLRVNyZGRW\F]ąF\FKSRSXODUQRĞFLSRV]F]H JyOQ\FK W\SyZ SDUW\F\SDFML SROLW\F]QHM Z]JOĊGHP ZVND]DQ\FK ]PLHQQ\FK 3RF]\QLRQH REVHUZDFMH PRJą ]RVWDü Z\NRU]\VWDQH MDNR ZSURZDG]HQLH GR GDOV]\FK EDGDĔ QDG SU]\SDGNLHP 3ROVNL OXE MDNR PDWHULDá SRUyZQDZF]\ ZVWRVXQNXGRLQQ\FKSDĔVWZ:QLRVNLPRJąE\üWDNĪHSU]\GDWQHGHF\GHQWRP SROLW\F]Q\PMDNRZVND]yZNDGRXNLHUXQNRZDQHMPRELOL]DFMLRE\ZDWHOLZFHOX ]ZLĊNV]HQLDLFKSR]LRPXSDUW\F\SDFMLSROLW\F]QHM

3DUW\F\SDFMDSROLW\F]QDMDNRSUREOHPEDGDZF]\

3DUW\F\SDFMD SROLW\F]QD RE\ZDWHOL PRĪH SU]\ELHUDü UyĪQH REOLF]D : QLQLHMV]\P RSUDFRZDQLX XZDJD VNXSL VLĊ QD GZyFK W\SDFK SDUW\F\SDFML 3RSLHUZV]HSRSU]H]Z\UDĪDQLHZáDVQHMRSLQLLZSRVWDFLSRGSLV\ZDQLDSHW\FML XG]LDáX Z GHPRQVWUDFMDFK RUD] LQLFMDW\ZDFK ORNDOQ\FK 3R GUXJLH SRSU]H] F]áRQNRVWZRZRUJDQL]DFMDFKWDNLFKMDNSDUWLDSROLW\F]QD]ZLą]NL]DZRGRZH RUJDQL]DFMDSR]DU]ąGRZDVWRZDU]\V]HQLHORNDOQH

(9)

WĂƌƚLJĐLJƉĂĐũĂƉŽůŝƚLJĐnjŶĂǁWŽůƐĐĞ

5yĪQHREOLF]DSDUW\F\SDFMLSROLW\F]QHMZ3ROVFH]DUyZQRZNRQWHNĞFLH WHRUHW\F]Q\PMDNLHPSLU\F]Q\P]RVWDá\MXĪZSHZQ\PVWRSQLX]DV\JQDOLĪZSHZQ\PVWRSQLX]DV\JQDOLSHZQ\PVWRSQLX]DV\JQDOL ]RZDQH ZH ZF]HĞQLHMV]\FK SXEOLNDFMDFK >7\EXFKRZVND+DUWOLĔVND  @ :VSyáF]HVQH SRGHMĞFLD EDGDZF]H L PHWRGRORJLF]QH MDN L EDGDQLD SRV]F]HJyOQ\FKSU]\SDGNyZVąUyZQLHĪFRUD]V]HU]HMG\VNXWRZDQHQDáDPDFK OLWHUDWXU\ DQJORMĊ]\F]QHM >9HUED 1LH  %DUQHVHW DO  'XFK  'DOWRQ,QJOHKDUW&DWWHUEHUJ%DUQHV%HUQKDJHQ 0DUVK(NPDQ$PQn/DPSULDQRXYDQ'HWK@

3U]HGVWDZLDQH Z SRZ\ĪV]\FK SXEOLNDFMDFK W\SRORJLH L NRQNOX]MH ] SU]HSURZDG]DQ\FK EDGDĔ QDG SDUW\F\SDFMą SROLW\F]Qą FR QLH ]DVNDNXMH XND]XMą EUDN MHGQRP\ĞOQRĞFL Z GH¿QLRZDQLX L SRVWU]HJDQLX WHJR ]MDZLVND 3RQDGWRZOLWHUDWXU]HSU]HGPLRWXVWRVXMHVLĊUyĪQRURGQHRNUHĞOHQLDJG]LHGR QDMSRSXODUQLHMV]\FK]DOLF]DVLĊRSUyF]SDUW\F\SDFMLSROLW\F]QHMSDUW\F\SDFMĊ RE\ZDWHOVNą ]DDQJDĪRZDQLH SROLW\F]QH DNW\ZQRĞü SROLW\F]Qą /LF]HEQRĞü W\SRORJLLLNODV\¿NDFMLQLHSR]ZDODQDSHáQąSROHPLNĊQDáDPDFKQLQLHMV]HJR RSUDFRZDQLD:DUWRMHGQDNSU]\ZRáDüGZLHSUyE\XSRU]ąGNRZDQLDJáyZQ\FK NRQFHSFMLGRW\F]ąF\FKWHJRWHPDWX =DUyZQRYDQ'HWK>@MDNL(NPDQL$PQn>@VWDUDMąVLĊZVND]Dü QDJáyZQHDVSHNW\NODV\¿NDFMLRPDZLDQHJRSUREOHPX3U]\F]\PFRZ\GDMH VLĊQDMEDUG]LHMZDUWRĞFLRZHRSUyF]ZVND]DQLDQDUyĪQHW\S\SDUW\F\SDFMLSROL W\F]QHMGRNRQXMąUyZQLHĪLFK]REUD]RZDQLDSU]\SRPRF\SU]\NáDGyZ 7DEHOD.RQFHSFMHSDUW\F\SDFMLSROLW\F]QHM .RQFHSFMH 7\S\LSRZV]HFKQLHXĪ\ZDQHterminy partycypacji politycznej 3U]\NáDG\]DFKRZDĔ 'H¿QLFMH minimalistyczne  .RQZHQFMRQDOQD ,QVW\WXFMRQDOQD ']LDáDQLD]RULHQWRZDQHQDHOLW\ )RUPDOQDSDUW\F\SDFMD *áRVRZDQLH .RQVXOWDFMHEXGĪHWRZH &]áRQNRVWZR ZSDUWLDFKSROLW\F]Q\FK .RQWDNW\]SROLW\NDPL 'H¿QLFMH ukierunkowane &HOU]ąG SDĔVWZR 1LHNRQZHQFMRQDOQD 1LHLQVW\WXFMRQDOQD 3URWHVW 3RGSLV\ZDQLHSHW\FML 'HPRQVWUDFMH Blokowanie ulic Zadanie: SUREOHP\ VSRáHF]HĔVWZR =DDQJDĪRZDQLHRE\ZDWHOVNLH 3DUW\F\SDFMDVSRáHF]QD Wolontariat 3XEOLF]QHDNFMH VSRáHF]QH 'H¿QLFMH motywacyjne  'RVDGQDSDUW\F\SDFMDSROLW\F]QD =LQG\ZLGXDOL]RZDQHDNFMH ZVSyOQRWRZH .RQVXPHU\]P SROLW\F]Q\ %RMNRW\ ħUyGáRYDQ'HWK

(10)

<ĂƌŽůŝŶĂdLJďƵĐŚŽǁƐŬĂͲ,ĂƌƚůŝŷƐŬĂ

.ODV\¿NDFMH ]DZDUWH Z 7DEHOL  L  XND]XMą RGPLHQQH SRGHMĞFLD GR SRVWU]HJDQLD WHJR SUREOHPX :DUWRĞFLRZH MHVW ZVND]DQLH QD WHUPLQRORJLĊ SDUW\F\SDFMLSROLW\F]QHMRGQRV]ąFHMVLĊGRNZHVWLLLQVW\WXFMRQDOQD±QLHLQVW\ WXFMRQDOQDNRQZHQFMRQDOQD±QLHNRQZHQFMRQDOQDSDUW\F\SDFMDRE\ZDWHOVND± SDUW\F\SDFMDSROLW\F]QDIRUP\LQG\ZLGXDOQH±]ELRURZHOHJDOQH±QLHOHJDOQH 5yĪQRURGQRĞüSU]HVáDQHNSR]ZDOD]DWHPQDOLF]QHLZFLąĪG\QDPLF]QHSUyE\ XFKZ\FHQLDWHRUHW\F]Q\FKUDPSDUW\F\SDFMLSROLW\F]QHM 7DEHOD.RQFHSFMDSDUW\F\SDFMLRE\ZDWHOVNLHMLSROLW\F]QHM 3DUW\F\SDFMDRE\ZDWHOVND 3DUW\F\SDFMDSROLW\F]QD 6SRáHF]QH ]DDQJDĪR wanie (troska) =DDQJDĪR wanie RE\ZDWHOVNLH G]LDáDOQRĞü Formalna partycypacja polityczna Aktywizm (pozaparlamentarna partycypacja polityczna) Legalne/poza-parlamentarne SURWHVW\OXE G]LDáDQLD Nielegalne SURWHVW\OXE G]LDáDQLD F or my i n d yw id u al n e Zainteresowanie sprawami VSRáHF]Q\PL LSROLW\F]Q\PL 3RVWU]HJDQLH SROLW\NLMDNR ZDĪQHMVIHU\ Ī\FLD 'REURF]\QQRĞü Dyskutowanie ELHĪąF\FK SUREOHPyZ SROLW\F]Q\FK ĝOHG]HQLH SURJUDPyZ LQIRUPDF\MQ\FK ZUDGLRL79 GRW\F]ąF\FK polityki 8G]LDá w wyborach SRZV]HFKQ\FK i referendach 8ELHJDQLHVLĊ OXESHáQLHQLH XU]ĊGyZ SXEOLF]Q\FK )LQDQVRZH wspieranie partii SROLW\F]Q\FK LRUJDQL]DFML %RMNRW\ 3LVDQLHSHW\FML 5R]GDZDQLHXORWHN SROLW\F]Q\FK 1LHSRVáXV]HĔVWZR obywatelskie 3ROLW\F]QLH motywowane DWDNLQDZáDVQRĞü SU\ZDWQą )RU P\] EL RU RZ H 3U]\QDOHĪQRĞü do grup ]RULHQWRZDQ\FK na nacisk VSRáHF]Q\ ,GHQW\¿NRZDQLH VLĊ]LGHRORJLą OXESDUWLą SROLW\F]Qą Wolontariat i praca VSRáHF]QD 3UDFD GREURF]\QQD QDU]HF] VSRáHF]QRĞFL ORNDOQHM $NW\ZQRĞü ZRUJDQL]DFMDFK lokalnych Bycie F]áRQNLHP partii SROLW\F]QHM RUJDQL]DFML EąGĨ]ZLą]NX ]DZRGRZHJR $NW\ZQRĞü w tego typu LQVW\WXFMDFK =DDQJDĪRZDQLH w nowe ruchy VSRáHF]QH 8G]LDá ZGHPRQVWUDFMDFK VWUDMNDFKLLQQ\FK SU]HGVLĊZ]LĊFLDFK ]ZLą]DQ\FK ]WHPDW\Ną SROLW\F]Qą 8G]LDáZDNDFMDFK ]ZLą]DQ\FK ]QLHSRVáXV]HĔ stwem obywatelskim Sabotowanie ruchu drogowego lub NROHMRZHJR .RQIURQWDFMH ]RSRQHQWDPL ]XĪ\FLHP SU]HPRF\ ħUyGáR>(NPDQ$PQn@

(11)

WĂƌƚLJĐLJƉĂĐũĂƉŽůŝƚLJĐnjŶĂǁWŽůƐĐĞ

2SUyF]X]DVDGQLHQLDWHRUHW\F]QHJRREUDQ\SU]H]DXWRUNĊSXQNWZLG]HQLD QDZ\EUDQHSU]HMDZ\SDUW\F\SDFMLSROLW\F]QHMMHVW]ELHĪQ\]EDGDQLDPLHPSL U\F]Q\PL SU]HSURZDG]RQ\PL QD SU]\NáDG]LH LQQ\FK SDĔVWZ 6SRĞUyG ZLHOX ]QLFKZNRQWHNĞFLHLGHLQLQLHMV]HJRRSUDFRZDQLDZDUWRSU]\ZRáDüQDVWĊSXMąFH NRQNOX]MH3U]\NáDGRZR6WRFNHPHU>@ZVZRLFKEDGDQLDFKZVND]DáQD ZSá\ZWDNLFKF]\QQLNyZMDNZ\NV]WDáFHQLHJáRVRZDQLHZZ\ERUDFKXF]HVW QLF]HQLHZRUJDQL]DFMDFK]ZLą]DQ\FK]HVSRáHF]HĔVWZHPRE\ZDWHOVNLPRUD] EUDNLHP]DGRZROHQLD]U]ąGyZQDXG]LDáRE\ZDWHOLZERMNRWDFKGHPRQVWUD FMDFKRUD]SRGSLV\ZDQLXSHW\FML1DWRPLDVWZVSyOQHEDGDQLD0HORL6WRFNHPHUD >@GąĪ\á\GRXND]DQLDUHODFMLPLĊG]\ZLHNLHPDWU]HPDW\SDPLSDUW\F\ SDFMLSROLW\F]QHMELRUąFSRGXZDJĊJáRVRZDQLHGHPRQVWUDFMHLSRGSLV\ZDQLH SHW\FML:VND]XMąRQLĪHPáRGVLJáRVXMąU]DG]LHMQLĪVWDUVL]DĞF]ĊĞFLHMELRUą XG]LDáZG]LDáDQLDFKEH]SRĞUHGQLFKWDNLFKMDNGHPRQVWUDFMHF]\SRGSLV\ZDQLH SHW\FML1LĪV]ąDNW\ZQRĞüSROLW\F]QąRVyEVWDUV]\FKSRWZLHUG]DMąWDNĪHLQQH EDGDQLD>-HQQLQJV0DUNXV@

6WRFNHPHU L &DUERQHWWL >@ EDGDMąF ]DOHĪQRĞü PLĊG]\ QLHNRQ ZHQFMRQDOQąSDUW\F\SDFMąSROLW\F]QąDNRQVROLGDFMąGHPRNUDFMLQLH]QDOHĨOL ]ZLą]NyZ PLĊG]\ QLPL -HGQDNĪH %HUQKDJHQ L 0DUVK >@ ZVND]XMą QD UyĪQLFHRGQRĞQLHPQLHMV]HMDNW\ZQRĞFLSROLW\F]QHMRE\ZDWHOLZNUDMDFKSRVW NRPXQLVW\F]Q\FK Z VWRVXQNX GR XVWDELOL]RZDQ\FK GHPRNUDFML ,QWHUHVXMąFH Z\QLNLEDGDĔSRND]XMąĪHZZLHOXSU]\SDGNDFKSU]HVáDQNLVSU]\MDMąFHSDUW\ F\SDFML SROLW\F]QHM Vą UyĪQH GOD REX JUXS SDĔVWZ:REHF QLQLHMV]HM DQDOL]\ ZDĪQHMHVWĪHSU]HNRQDQLDOHZLFRZHPDMąLVWRWQH]QDF]HQLHZSRGHMPRZDQLX SURWHVWyZZSDĔVWZDFK]DFKRGQLFK1DWRPLDVWSUDZLFRZHZ\UDĨQLH]PQLHM V]DMąWDNą]DOHĪQRĞüQD]DFKRG]LH]DĞ]ZLĊNV]DMąQDZVFKRG]LH

.HUQ 0DULHQ L +RRJKH >@ ZVND]DOL LĪ NU\]\V HNRQRPLF]Q\ SRZRGXMąF\ Z]URVW EH]URERFLD VSU]\MD ]ZLĊNV]HQLX SR]LRPX QLH]LQVW\WXVSU]\MD ]ZLĊNV]HQLX SR]LRPX QLH]LQVW\WX FMRQDOL]RZDQHM SDUW\F\SDFML SROLW\F]QHM 3RQDGWR LFK EDGDQLD SRWZLHUG]Lá\ ĪH]QDF]HQLHRGJU\ZDZLHN PáRGVLF]ĊĞFLHM Z\NV]WDáFHQLH Z\ĪV]HF]ĊĞFLHM  RUD]SáHü PĊĪF]\ĨQL±F]ĊĞFLHMLQVW\WXFMRQDOQH]DĞNRELHW\±QLHLQVW\WXFMR QDOQHIRUP\SDUW\F\SDFML 

=DWHP MHGQ\P ]H VWDOH SU]HZLMDMąF\FK VLĊ ]DJDGQLHĔ MHVW ZLHN SáHü LZ\NV]WDáFHQLH=PLDQDVWUXNWXU\ZLHNRZHMVSRáHF]HĔVWZDZ3ROVFHL]ZLĊN V]DQLH VLĊ G\VSURSRUFML PLĊG]\ RVREDPL PáRG\PL L VWDUV]\PL EĊG]LH PLDáR VZRMHNRQVHNZHQFMHZZ\PLDU]H]DFKRZDĔSROLW\F]Q\FK7\PVDP\PNZHVWLD ZLHNX VWDMH VLĊ NOXF]RZ\P HOHPHQWHP EDGDĔ QDG REHFQ\P RUD] SU]\V]á\P NV]WDáWHPSROLW\NL:\GDMHVLĊ]DWHPĪHZ\PDJDRQDEOLĪV]HJRRSLVX

:EDGDQLDFKQDGRPDZLDQ\P]MDZLVNLHPLVWRWQHMHVW]ZUyFHQLHXZDJL QDSRMĊFLH$3& DJH±SHULRG±FRKRUW 7ULDGDZLHNX ZLHNRGXURG]HQLD  RNUHVX ODWD  L NRKRUW URN XURG]HQLD  VWDQRZL NOXF]RZ\ SXQNW Z SUyEDFK

(12)

<ĂƌŽůŝŶĂdLJďƵĐŚŽǁƐŬĂͲ,ĂƌƚůŝŷƐŬĂ

JáĊEV]HJR ]UR]XPLHQLD ]DOHĪQRĞFL PLĊG]\ ZLHNLHP D LQQ\PL NZHVWLDPL QS SDUW\F\SDFMą Z\ERUF]ą SU]HNRQDQLDPL SROLW\F]Q\PL IUHNZHQFMą Z Z\ERUDFK SRG]LHODQ\PL SRJOąGDPL (IHNW NRKRUW\ Z\VWĊSXMH ZyZF]DV JG\MHGQD] QLFKRGQRVLVLĊGRXQLNDOQHJR]HVWDZXGRĞZLDGF]HĔVRFMDOL]D F\MQ\FKRGUyĪQLDMąFMąRGLQQ\FKNRKRUW><DQJ/DQG@=DWHPVNXSLDMąF VLĊQDPRGHOX$3&Z\QLNLUyĪQLąVLĊZ]DOHĪQRĞFLRGGRMU]DáRĞFLMHGQRVWHN HIHNW VWDU]HQLD VLĊ OXE F\NOX Ī\FLRZHJR  ZV]\VWNLFK RVyE HIHNW GDQHJR RNUHVX ZLHNXMHGQRVWHN HIHNWNRKRUW\ ><DQJ/DQG:LQVKLS +DUGLQJ'LQDV6WRNHU@6WRVRZDQLH$3&ZEDGDQLDFKQDGSRGHM PRZDQLHPGHF\]MLSROLW\F]Q\FKQLHMHVWQRZ\P]MDZLVNLHPZQDXNDFKSROL W\F]Q\FK/LF]QHEDGDQLDZVND]XMąQDUyĪQLFHZ]DFKRZDQLDFKZ\ERUF]\FK RVyEZ]DOHĪQRĞFLRGZLHNX :HGáXJ*RHUUHVD>@LVWQLHMąFRQDMPQLHMF]WHU\UyĪQLFHZSDUW\ F\SDFML SROLW\F]QHM PLĊG]\ JUXSDPL ZLHNRZ\PL GOD NWyU\FK RVRE\ VWDUV]H ]DFKRZXMąVLĊZSROLW\FHLQDF]HMQLĪPáRGV]H6ąQLPL±SRSLHUZV]H±HIHNW JHQHUDFMLSROLW\F]QHM SROLWLFDOJHQHUDWLRQHৼHFW :]ZLą]NX]W\PLĪRVRE\ VWDUV]H QDOHĪą GR LQQHJR SRNROHQLD SROLW\F]QHJR Z Z\QLNX WHJR XNV]WDá WRZDQH]RVWDá\LQQHSUHIHUHQFMHSROLW\F]QHNWyUHPDMąZSá\ZQDGRNRQ\ZDQLH Z\ERUyZ SROLW\F]Q\FK 3R GUXJLH REVHUZXMHP\ HIHNW VSRáHF]QRHNRQR PLF]Q\ VRFLRHFRQRPLF FRKRUW HৼHFW  'RĞZLDGF]HQLD VSRáHF]QRHNRQR PLF]QH QS HGXNDFMD PDMą EH]SRĞUHGQL ZSá\Z QD XG]LDá Z Ī\FLX SROL W\F]Q\P SRQLHZDĪ ZSá\ZDMą QD SUHIHUHQFMH XF]HVWQLFWZD L SUHG\VSR]\FMH GRXG]LDáX3RWU]HFLHPDP\GRF]\QLHQLD]HIHNWHPF\NOXĪ\FLD OLIHF\FOH HৼHFW 6WDUVLOXG]LHVąQDLQQ\PHWDSLHF\NOXĪ\FLD±VSRáHF]QLHL¿]\F]QLHFR SU]HNáDGDVLĊEH]SRĞUHGQLRQDSRGHMPRZDQHGHF\]MHSROLW\F]QH3RF]ZDUWH ZUHV]FLHPRĪQDZ\UyĪQLüHIHNWLQG\ZLGXDOQHJRVWDU]HQLD LQGLYLGXDODJHLQJ

HৼHFW  2VRE\ VWDUV]H PDMą ZLĊFHM GRĞZLDGF]HĔ Z XF]HVWQLFWZLH RUD] Vą

EDUG]LHMVNáRQQHGRSU]HVWU]HJDQLDQRUPVSRáHF]Q\FKRNUHĞODMąF\FK]DFKR ZDQLDZGDQHMV\WXDFML

5R]SDWUXMąF NZHVWLĊ SDUW\F\SDFML RVyE Z UyĪQ\FK NDWHJRULDFK ZLHNRZ\FK ZDUWR ]ZUyFLü XZDJĊ Z MDNLP ]DNUHVLH GHWHUPLQDQW\ Z\ERUX SDUWLLUyĪQLąVLĊ]SRNROHQLDQDSRNROHQLH6WąGMHGQ\P]LVWRWQ\FKDVSHNWyZ ]ZLą]DQ\FK ] ZLHNLHP RUD] ]DFKRZDQLDPL Z\ERUF]\PL MHVW QDVWĊSRZDQLH NROHMQ\FKJHQHUDFMLZ\ERUFyZ>0LOOHU/\RQV$OH[DQGHU+RRJKH @2GQRĞQLHLGHRORJLLZĞUyGRVyEVWDUV]\FKDNFHQWXMHVLĊSU]HGHZV]\VWNLP Z]URVW ZDUWRĞFL L SUHIHUHQFML ]ZLą]DQ\FK ] NRQVHUZDW\]PHP >7LOOH\ (YDQV @ 1DWRPLDVW ZUD] ] SRVWĊSXMąFą ]PLDQą JHQHUDF\MQą RVyE JáRVXMąF\FK GRVWU]HJD VLĊ Z SHZQ\P VWRSQLX SU]HZDUWRĞFLRZDQLH Z VWURQĊ VSRáHF]QHJR OLEHUDOL]PX PáRGV]\FK NRKRUW >'DQLJHOLV &XWOHU  7LOOH\  @ 1DOHĪ\MHGQDN]DXZDĪ\üLĪEDGDMąFRVRE\VWDUV]HPDP\GRF]\QLHQLD]ZLĊNV]ą

(13)

WĂƌƚLJĐLJƉĂĐũĂƉŽůŝƚLJĐnjŶĂǁWŽůƐĐĞ

VWDELOQRĞFLą SRJOąGyZ DQLĪHOL X RVyE PáRG\FK =DWHP SRGHMPXMąF EDGDQLD GRW\F]ąFHSRVWDZL]DFKRZDĔZ\ERUF]\FKQDOHĪ\XZ]JOĊGQLü]PLHQQRĞüF\NOX Ī\FLDRUD]VNXWNLVWDU]HQLDVLĊ>1HXQGRUI1LHPL@

-HGQ\P]NLHUXQNyZREVHUZDFMLEDGDZF]\FKZNRQWHNĞFLHZLHNXMHVW IUHNZHQFMD Z\ERUF]D >%KDWLL +DQVHQ D %KDWLL +DQVHQ E %KDWWL +DQVHQ:DVV.RQ]HOPDQQ:DJQHU5DWWLQJHU@7UHQG\WHZVND]XMą MHGQDNRZRĪ LĪ PáRG]L Z\ERUF\ JáRVXMą U]DG]LHM QLĪ RVRE\ VWDUV]H >2(&' @ : SU]\SDGNX VWDU]HQLD VLĊ VSRáHF]HĔVWZ PRĪH WR PLHü QLHEDJDWHOQH ]QDF]HQLH=DĞZĞUyGSRMDZLDMąF\FKVLĊZ\MDĞQLHĔG]LHMHVLĊWDN]SRZRGX QLHZLHONLHJR]DLQWHUHVRZDQLDSROLW\NąPQLHMV]HMZLHG]\QDWHPDWSROLW\NLRUD] EUDNXSRF]XFLDRERZLą]NXXG]LDáXZJáRVRZDQLX>)UDQNOLQDWDO7RSI %ODLVDWDO:DVV@&KRüGDMHVLĊ]DXZDĪ\üLRSLVDü]PLDQ\ ]DFKRG]ąFHZSU]HSLVDFKZ\ERUF]\FKXZ]JOĊGQLDMąFHREQLĪHQLHZLHNXZ\ERU F]HJRPDMąFHQDFHOXPRELOL]DFMĊLVRFMDOL]DFMĊSROLW\F]QąPáRGV]\FKSRNROHĔ XPRĪOLZLDMąFQSJáRVRZDQLHRGURNXĪ\FLDMDNZ$XVWULL>:DWWHQEHUJ :DJQHU-RKDQQ.ULW]LQJHU=HJORYLWV$LFKKRO]HU@

7\P VDP\P QD SRGVWDZLH SU]\ZRáDQHM OLWHUDWXU\ SU]HGPLRWX PRĪQD ZVND]Dü ĪH SDUW\F\SDFMD SROLW\F]QD MHVW EDGDQD SU]HGH ZV]\VWNLP Z NRQWHNĞFLH JáRVRZDQLD FR MHVW SRSXODUQ\P L VWDá\P HOHPHQWHP EUDQ\P SRGXZDJĊ-HGQDNĪHPRĪQDWDNĪHRGQDOHĨüSU]\NáDG\EDGDĔRGQRV]ąF\FKVLĊ GR LQQ\FK SU]HMDZyZ DNW\ZQRĞFL ]ZLą]DQ\FK ] SRGSLV\ZDQLHP SHW\FML F]\ XG]LDáHPZGHPRQVWUDFMDFK6WDOHSU]HZLMDMąF\PVLĊZąWNLHPMHVWFKDUDNWHU\ VW\NDLQG\ZLGXDOQDRVyELSUyE\]QDOH]LHQLD]DOHĪQRĞFLPLĊG]\SáFLąZLHNLHP F]\Z\NV]WDáFHQLHPZNRQWHNĞFLHSDUW\F\SDFMLSROLW\F]QHM

3UREOHPDW\NDEDGDĔ

%LRUąF SRG XZDJĊ GRW\FKF]DVRZH UR]ZDĪDQLD QDG SDUW\F\SDFMą SROL W\F]Qą SRQLĪV]D DQDOL]D ZSLVXMH VLĊ Z SUREOHPDW\NĊ EDGDĔ 3U]\ F]\P ]HZ]JOĊGXQDSU]\MĊWH]PLHQQHMDNLQLHEDGDQ\GRW\FKF]DVZW\PZ]JOĊG]LH SU]\SDGHN3ROVNLSURSRQXMHLQQ\]HVWDZNU\WHULyZEUDQ\FKSRGXZDJĊ

3R SLHUZV]H S\WDQLD GRW\F]\á\ GHNODUDFML GRW\F]ąF\FK SDUW\F\SDFML SROLW\F]QHM SRSU]H] SRGSLV\ZDQLH SHW\FML XG]LDá Z GHPRQVWUDFMDFK RUD] LQLFMDW\ZDFK ORNDOQ\FK F]áRQNRVWZR Z SDUWLL SROLW\F]QHM ]ZLą]NDFK ]DZR GRZ\FKRUJDQL]DFMDFKSR]DU]ąGRZ\FKVWRZDU]\V]HQLDFKORNDOQ\FK

$QDOL]XMąF SRZ\ĪV]H SU]HMDZ\ SDUW\F\SDFML SROLW\F]QHM Z]LĊWR SRG XZDJĊF]\QQLNLLQG\ZLGXDOQHWDNLHMDNSáHüZLHNZ\NV]WDáFHQLHRUD]PLHMVFH ]DPLHV]NDQLD 3RQDGWR XZ]JOĊGQLRQR ]UyĪQLFRZDQLH Z NRQWHNĞFLH GHF\]ML Z\ERUF]\FK WDNLFK MDN SU]\QDOHĪQRĞü GR SRV]F]HJyOQ\FK HOHNWRUDWyZ RUD] VDPRRNUHĞOHQLDLGHRORJLF]QHJRQDRVLOHZLFDFHQWUXPSUDZLFD

(14)

<ĂƌŽůŝŶĂdLJďƵĐŚŽǁƐŬĂͲ,ĂƌƚůŝŷƐŬĂ

=DWHP ]ZUyFRQR XZDJĊ NWyUH SU]HMDZ\ SDUW\F\SDFML SROLW\F]QHM Vą QDMEDUG]LHMSRSXODUQHSUHIHURZDQHSU]H]RVRE\RGDQHMFKDUDNWHU\VW\FHSUHIH URZDQHSU]H]SRV]F]HJyOQHHOHNWRUDW\SDUWLLSROLW\F]Q\FKSUHIHURZDQHSU]H] RVRE\ GHNODUXMąFH VLĊ Z]JOĊGHP RVL OHZLFDFHQWUXPSUDZLFD SUHIHURZDQH SU]H]SRV]F]HJyOQHJUXS\ZLHNRZH 3RVWDZLRQRV]HUHJKLSRWH]EDGDZF]\FKNWyU\FKVSUDZG]HQLHSR]ZROL QDSRVWDZLHQLHWH]RSR]LRPLHLVSHF\¿FHSDUW\F\SDFMLSROLW\F]QHMZ3ROVFH +0ĊĪF]\ĨQLF]ĊĞFLHMQLĪNRELHW\DQJDĪXMąVLĊZZ\PLHQLRQHIRUP\SDUW\ F\SDFML SROLW\F]QHM + 0áRGVL F]ĊĞFLHM QLĪ VWDUVL DQJDĪXMą VLĊ Z Z\PLH QLRQHIRUP\SDUW\F\SDFMLSROLW\F]QHM+2VRE\]Z\ĪV]\PZ\NV]WDáFHQLHP F]ĊĞFLHMDQJDĪXMąVLĊZZ\PLHQLRQHIRUP\SDUW\F\SDFMLSROLW\F]QHM+2VRE\ ]ZLĊNV]\FKPLDVWF]ĊĞFLHMDQJDĪXMąVLĊZZ\PLHQLRQHIRUP\SDUW\F\SDFMLSROL W\F]QHM+2VRE\RUyĪQ\FKSRJOąGDFKDQJDĪXMąVLĊZLQQ\VSRVyEZZ\PLH QLRQHIRUP\SDUW\F\SDFMLSROLW\F]QHM ']LĊNLZHU\¿NDFMLSRVWDZLRQ\FKKLSRWH]PRĪOLZHVWDQLHVLĊQDV]NLFR ZDQLHZVWĊSQHJRREUD]XRVRE\NWyUDF]ĊVWRDQJDĪXMHVLĊZZ\UyĪQLRQHIRUP\ DNW\ZQRĞFLSROLW\F]QHM

:\QLNLEDGDĔ

'RQDMEDUG]LHMSRSXODUQ\FKIRUPQDOHĪ\Z\UDĪDQLHRSLQLLSRSU]H]SHW\FMH   LQLFMDW\Z\ ORNDOQH   RUD] GHPRQVWUDFMH   :LGDü ]DWHP ĪHSLVDQLHSHW\FMLRUD]LQLFMDW\Z\ORNDOQHVąSUDNW\NRZDQHSU]H]RNRáRSLąWą F]ĊĞüUHVSRQGHQWyZ]DĞXG]LDáZGHPRQVWUDFMDFKEUDáRGZDUD]\PQLHMRVyE 8Z]JOĊGQLDMąFVSHF\¿NĊSRV]F]HJyOQ\FKIRUPZ\UDĪDQLDRSLQLLPRĪQD Z\FLąJQąü QDVWĊSXMąFH ZQLRVNL 0ĊĪF]\ĨQL F]ĊĞFLHM   QLĪ NRELHW\  GHNODUXMąZ\UDĪDQLHRSLQLLSRSU]H]SHW\FMHUHVSRQGHQFLF]ĊĞFLHMPLHOL Z\NV]WDáFHQLH Z\ĪV]H   QLĪ ĞUHGQLH   OXE ]DZRGRZH   F]\SRGVWDZRZH  QDMF]ĊĞFLHM]DPLHV]NXMąZVLH  LPLDVWDSRZ\ĪHM W\VPLHV]NDĔFyZ   :NRQWHNĞFLHLQLFMDW\ZORNDOQ\FKVSRĞUyGRVyEGHNODUXMąF\FKWHQVSRVyE Z\UDĪDQLDRSLQLLZLĊNV]RĞüVWDQRZLąPĊĪF]\ĨQL  RVRE\PDMąFHZ\NV]WDá FHQLHZ\ĪV]H  OXEĞUHGQLH  RVRE\]DPLHV]NXMąFHZLHĞ   :\UDĪDQLHRSLQLLSRSU]H]GHPRQVWUDFMHGHNODUXMHUHVSRQGHQWyZ 6SRĞUyG QLFK F]ĊĞFLHM F]\QLą WR PĊĪF]\ĨQL   QLĪ NRELHW\   QDMZLĊFHM MHVW RVyE ] Z\NV]WDáFHQLHP ĞUHGQLP  ]DPLHV]NXMąF\FK PLDVWDSRZ\ĪHMW\VPLHV]NDĔFyZ  

(15)

WĂƌƚLJĐLJƉĂĐũĂƉŽůŝƚLJĐnjŶĂǁWŽůƐĐĞ 7DEHOD:\UDĪDQLHRSLQLLDSáHü 0ĊĪF]\ĨQL Kobiety 3HW\FMH   ,QLFMDW\Z\ORNDOQH   'HPRQVWUDFMH   %LRUąFSRGXZDJĊSRV]F]HJyOQH]PLHQQHEDGDQLDXND]XMąLĪPĊĪF]\ĨQL F]ĊĞFLHM QLĪ NRELHW\ Z\UDĪDMą RSLQLĊ SRSU]H] SHW\FMH L LQLFMDW\Z\ ORNDOQH D]ZáDV]F]DELRUąXG]LDáZGHPRQVWUDFMDFK:SU]\SDGNXGZyFKSLHUZV]\FK UyĪQLFDZ\QRVLRNSXQNWyZSURFHQWRZ\FK]DĞZSU]\SDGNXGHPRQVWUDFML MHVWWRSRQDG 7DEHOD:\UDĪDQLHRSLQLLDPLHMVFH]DPLHV]NDQLD :LHĞ Miasto do W\VLĊF\ PLHV]NDĔFyZ Miasto W\VLĊF\ PLHV]NDĔFyZ 0LDVWR W\VLĊF\ PLHV]NDĔFyZ Miasto SRZ\ĪHM W\VLĊF\ PLHV]NDĔFyZ 3HW\FMH      ,QLFMDW\Z\ORNDOQH      'HPRQVWUDFMH      =ZUDFDMąFXZDJĊQDPLHMVFH]DPLHV]NDQLDWRSDUW\F\SDFMDSROLW\F]QD Z\UDĪRQDSRSU]H]Z\UyĪQLRQHIRUP\XND]XMHLĪQDMF]ĊĞFLHMNRU]\VWDMą]QLFK PLHV]NDĔF\ ZVL RUD] GXĪ\FK PLDVW 1DWRPLDVW RVRE\ ]DPLHV]NXMąFH PLDVWD PDáHLĞUHGQLHQLHDQJDĪXMąVLĊZVWRSQLXSRUyZQ\ZDOQ\PGRZVLRUD]QDMOLF] QLHMV]\FK PLHMVFRZRĞFL 1DMPQLHM DNW\ZQL Vą PLHV]NDĔF\ PLDVW OLF]ąF\FK VRELHRGGRW\VPLHV]NDĔFyZ 7DEHOD:\UDĪDQLHRSLQLLDZ\NV]WDáFHQLH %H]

Z\NV]WDáFHQLD 3RGVWDZRZHJLPQD]MDOQH Zawodowe SROLFHDOQHĝUHGQLH :\ĪV]H

3HW\FMH     

'HPRQVWUDFMH     

,QLFMDW\Z\

lokalne     

'DQH SRND]XMą Z\UDĨQLH LĪ SR]LRP SDUW\F\SDFML SROLW\F]QHM MHVW ]ZLą]DQ\]Z\NV]WDáFHQLHP,PZ\ĪV]HZ\NV]WDáFHQLHW\PF]ĊĞFLHMRE\ZDWHOH DQJDĪXMąVLĊZSLVDQLHSHW\FMLGHPRQVWUDFMHRUD]LQLFMDW\Z\ORNDOQH:\UDĨQą JUDQLFą MHVW SRVLDGDQLH Z\NV]WDáFHQLD FR QDMPQLHM ĞUHGQLHJR JG\Ī GXĪH

(16)

<ĂƌŽůŝŶĂdLJďƵĐŚŽǁƐŬĂͲ,ĂƌƚůŝŷƐŬĂ

G\VSURSRUFMH Z\VWĊSXMą PLĊG]\ Z\NV]WDáFHQLHP ]DZRGRZ\P D ĞUHGQLP RN  SXQNWyZ SURFHQWRZ\FK  FR QLH MHVW WDN Z\UDĨQH Z RGQLHVLHQLX GR UyĪQLFĞUHGQLH±Z\ĪV]H RNSXQNWyZSURFHQWRZ\FK 

:\UDĪDQLHRSLQLLMHVW]DOHĪQHRGZLHNXJG\ĪF]ĊĞFLHMF]\QLąWRRVRE\ PáRGHQLĪVWDUV]H1DMZLĊFHMF]\QLWRRVyEEĊGąF\FKZSU]HG]LDOHZLHNRZ\P ODWD]DĞZSRGREQ\FKSURSRUFMDFKQDWRPLDVWZNROHMQ\FK JUXSDFKZLHNRZ\FKDNW\ZQRĞüZ\UDĨQLHVSDGD

0RĪQD WDNĪH GRVWU]HF ]UyĪQLFRZDQLH GRW\F]ąFH SUHIHURZDQ\FK DNW\ZQRĞFL Z SRV]F]HJyOQ\FK JUXSDFK ZLHNRZ\FK 1DMPáRGVL QDMFKĊWQLHM ELRUą XG]LDá Z GHPRQVWUDFMDFK 2VRE\ Z ZLHNX  SRGSLVXMą SHW\FMH RUD]DQJDĪXMąVLĊZLQLFMDW\Z\ORNDOQH:JUXSLHDNW\ZQRĞüUR]NáDGD VLĊ SUDZLH UyZQRPLHUQLH 1DWRPLDVW GOD RVyE Z ZLHNX  QDMF]ĊĞFLHM Z\ELHUDQą IRUPą SDUW\F\SDFML MHVW GHPRQVWUDFMD 2VRE\ VWDUV]H NWyUH GHNODUXMą Z\UDĨQLH QLĪV]\ SR]LRP ]DDQJDĪRZDQLD MHĪHOL MXĪ GHF\GXMą VLĊ QDSRGMĊFLHUyĪQ\FKIRUPDNW\ZQRĞFLWRQLHZ\ND]XMą]QDF]QHJR]UyĪQLFR ZDQLDZW\PZ]JOĊG]LH

:\NUHV:\UDĪDQLHRSLQLLDZLHN

3RGVXPRZXMąFWĊF]ĊĞüLELRUąFSRGXZDJĊSRZ\ĪV]H]PLHQQHPRĪQD Z\FLąJQąü QDVWĊSXMąFH ZQLRVNL 3DUW\F\SDFMD SROLW\F]QD Z\UDĪRQD SRSU]H] SRGSLV\ZDQLHSHW\FMLXG]LDáZGHPRQVWUDFMDFKRUD]LQLFMDW\ZDFKORNDOQ\FK MHVW]DOHĪQDRGSáFLZLHNXZ\NV]WDáFHQLDRUD]PLHMVFD]DPLHV]NDQLD0D]DWHP VZRMą VSHF\¿NĊ L SR]ZDOD ZVND]Dü ĪH PRGHORZR F]ĊĞFLHM VZRMH RSLQLH Z\UDĪDMą PĊĪF]\ĨQL PLHV]NDĔF\ ZVL RUD] PLDVW SRZ\ĪHM  W\V PLHV] NDĔFyZ PDMąF\ Z\NV]WDáFHQLH Z\ĪV]H OXE ĞUHGQLH D WDNĪH RVRE\ PáRGV]H F]ĊĞFLHMQLĪVWDUV]H

(17)

WĂƌƚLJĐLJƉĂĐũĂƉŽůŝƚLJĐnjŶĂǁWŽůƐĐĞ

7\PVDP\PPRĪQDSU]HMĞüGR]DJDGQLHĔ]ZLą]DQ\FK]SDUW\F\SDFMą SROLW\F]Qą Z RGQLHVLHQLX GR ]DFKRZDĔ Z\ERUF]\FK Z\UDĪRQ\FK Z JáRVR ZDQLXQDSRV]F]HJyOQHXJUXSRZDQLDSROLW\F]QHZZ\ERUDFKGR3DUODPHQWX (XURSHMVNLHJRRUD]VHMPLNyZZRMHZyG]WZZURNX 7DEHOD5R]NáDGLORĞFLRZ\LSURFHQWRZ\RGSRZLHG]LQDS\WDQLH Ä&]\Z\UDĪDáD3DQLNLHG\NROZLHNVZRMąRSLQLĊSRSU]H]SHW\FMHXG]LDá ZGHPRQVWUDFMDFKLQLFMDW\Z\ORNDOQH´ZSRV]F]HJyOQ\FKHOHNWRUDWDFK ZZ\ERUDFKGR3DUODPHQWX(XURSHMVNLHJRZURNX 3HW\FMH7$. 'HPRQVWUDFMH7$. ORNDOQH7$.,QLFMDW\Z\ N 1RZD3UDZLFD -DQXV]D .RUZLQ0LNNH LORĞü 19 18   procent 30 29 41 100 3ODWIRUPD Obywatelska LORĞü 42 15 43 100 procent 42 15 43 100 3ROVNLH Stronnictwo Ludowe LORĞü 8 2 8 18 procent 44 12 44 100 3UDZR

L6SUDZLHGOLZRĞü procentLORĞü 4142 18 4142 10098 6RMXV]/HZLF\ 'HPRNUDW\F]QHM ±8QLD3UDF\ LORĞü 15 12 14 41 procent 36 30 34 100 ,QQD LORĞü 23 11 18 52 procent 44 21 35 100 Nie JáRVRZDáHP DP procentLORĞü 5445 2924 3731 120100 1LHSDPLĊWDP LORĞü 12 9 12 33 procent 36 28 36 100 'DQH]WDEHOLRGQRV]ąFHVLĊGRHOHNWRUDWyZ]Z\ERUyZGR3(XND]XMą ĪHQDMF]ĊĞFLHMZ\UDĪDQLHRSLQLLSRSU]H]SHW\FMHGHNODUXMąHOHNWRUDW\36/   32L3L6  U]DG]LHM6/'83  L-.0  8G]LDáZGHPRQVWUDFMDFK MHVW QDMSRSXODUQLHMV]\ ZĞUyG ]ZROHQQLNyZ 6/'83   RUD] -.0   ]GHF\GRZDQLHU]DG]LHMZĞUyGZ\ERUFyZSR]RVWDá\FKSDUWLLZW\P]ZáDV]F]D 36/  1DSRGREQ\PSR]LRPLHNV]WDáWXMHVLĊRGVHWHNRVyEGHNODUXMąF\FK XG]LDáZLQLFMDW\ZDFKORNDOQ\FK*áRVXMąF\QDXJUXSRZDQLDLQQHQLĪZVND]DQH RUD]QLHJáRVXMąF\QLHUyĪQLąVLĊ]QDF]QLHRGJáRVXMąF\FKQDZVND]DQHSLĊüSDUWLL 1DWRPLDVW GDQH ] WDEHOL  GRW\F]ąFH HOHNWRUDWyZ ] Z\ERUyZ GR VHMPLNyZZRMHZyG]NLFKVXJHUXMąĪHSHW\FMHSUHIHUXMąQDMF]ĊĞFLHMZ\ERUF\ NRPLWHWyZ UHJLRQDOQ\FK   U]DG]LHM JáRVXMąF\ QD LQQH SDUWLH  

(18)

<ĂƌŽůŝŶĂdLJďƵĐŚŽǁƐŬĂͲ,ĂƌƚůŝŷƐŬĂ

]ZáDV]F]D-.0L6/'  8G]LDáZGHPRQVWUDFMDFKQDMF]ĊĞFLHMZVND ]\ZDQ\ E\á SU]H] Z\ERUFyZ LQQ\FK SDUWLL   RUD] -.0   QDMPQLHMZĞUyG36/  =GHF\GRZDQLHZ\UyĪQLDVLĊHOHNWRUDW36/   ZNRQWHNĞFLHLQLFMDW\ZORNDOQ\FK1LHJáRVXMąF\QLHUyĪQLąVLĊ]QDF]QLHRG HOHNWRUDWyZZ\UyĪQLRQ\FKXJUXSRZDĔ

=DWHPHOHNWRUDW\SRV]F]HJyOQ\FKSDUWLLZ\ND]XMą]UyĪQLFRZDQLHMHĪHOL FKRG]LRSUHIHURZDQHIRUP\SDUW\F\SDFMLSROLW\F]QHM]DĞVSyMQRĞFLąEH]Z]JOĊGX QD URG]DM Z\ERUyZ 3R SLHUZV]H SRGSLV\ZDQLH SHW\FML QLH MHVW SUHIHURZDQH SU]H] Z\ERUFyZ XJUXSRZDĔ OHZLFRZ\FK RUD] -.0 =DĞ Z\UDĨQLH F]ĊĞFLHM ZVND]XMą RQL XG]LDá Z GHPRQVWUDFMDFK JG]LH QDMU]DG]LHM F]\QLá WR HOHNWRUDW 36/1DWRPLDVWEUDNMHVWZ\UDĨQ\FKUyĪQLFRGQRĞQLHLQLFMDW\ZORNDOQ\FK 7DEHOD5R]NáDGLORĞFLRZ\LSURFHQWRZ\RGSRZLHG]LQDS\WDQLH Ä&]\Z\UDĪDáD3DQLNLHG\NROZLHNVZRMąRSLQLĊSRSU]H]SHW\FMHXG]LDá ZGHPRQVWUDFMDFKLQLFMDW\Z\ORNDOQH´ZSRV]F]HJyOQ\FKHOHNWRUDWDFK ZZ\ERUDFKGRVHMPLNyZZRMHZyG]WZZURNX 3HW\FMH7$. 'HPRQVWUDFMH7$. ORNDOQH7$.,QLFMDW\Z\ N 1RZD3UDZLFD -DQXV]D .RUZLQ0LNNH LORĞü 15 13 19 47 procent 32 28 40 100 3ODWIRUPD Obywatelska LORĞü 37 20 41 98 procent 38 20 42 100 3ROVNLH Stronnictwo Ludowe LORĞü  2 19 37 procent 43 5 52 100 .RDOLFMD3UDZR L6SUDZLHGOLZRĞü ±3ROVND5D]HP -DURVáDZD*RZLQD ±6ROLGDUQD3ROVND Zbigniewa Ziobry LORĞü 39  43 98 procent 40 16 44 100 .RDOLFMD 6RMXV]/HZLF\ 'HPRNUDW\F]QHM± /HZLFD5D]HP LORĞü 12 9 17 38 procent 32 23 45 100 .RPLWHWORNDOQ\ regionalny LORĞü 25 8 18 51 procent 49 16 35 100 ,QQD LORĞü 17  10 43 procent 40 37 23 100 Nie JáRVRZDáHP DP procentLORĞü 4546 2425 2829 10097 1LHSDPLĊWDP LORĞü 8 4 4  procent 50 25 25 100

(19)

WĂƌƚLJĐLJƉĂĐũĂƉŽůŝƚLJĐnjŶĂǁWŽůƐĐĞ

.ROHMQ\P]DJDGQLHQLHPMHVWGHNODURZDQHSU]H]SRV]F]HJyOQHHOHNWRUDW\ F]áRQNRVWZR Z UyĪQHJR W\SX RUJDQL]DFMDFK :ĞUyG RE\ZDWHOL FR ZLGDü QD SRGVWDZLHGDQ\FKZWDEHOLNWyU]\Z]LĊOLXG]LDáZZ\ERUDFKGR3(GRSDUWLLSROL W\F]Q\FKQDMF]ĊĞFLHMQDOHĪąZ\ERUF\-.0  ]GHF\GRZDQLHU]DG]LHM6/'  'R]ZLą]NyZ]DZRGRZ\FKQDMF]ĊĞFLHMGHNODUXMąSU]\QDOHĪQRĞüZ\ERUF\ 36/   FKRü PRĪH G]LZLü QLVNL Z\QLN 6/'   ĩDGHQ ] Z\ERUFyZ -.0 QLH ZVND]Dá F]áRQNRVWZD Z ]ZLą]NDFK ]DZRGRZ\FK 'R RUJDQL]DFML SR]DU]ąGRZ\FK SR]D QLVNLP RGVHWNLHP Z\ERUFyZ 3L6   QDOHĪ\ RNRáR Z\ERUFyZSR]RVWDá\FKXJUXSRZDĔ:ĞUyGQLHJáRVXMąF\FKGRSDUWLLQDOHĪ\ FKRü]GHF\GRZDQLHF]ĊĞFLHMZVND]XMąQDD¿OLDFMHGRRUJDQL]DFMLSR]DU]ą GRZ\FK  OXEVWRZDU]\V]HĔORNDOQ\FK  (OHNWRUDW3L6  ZGXĪHM PLHU]HDQJDĪXMHVLĊZG]LDáDOQRĞüVWRZDU]\V]HĔORNDOQ\FK 7DEHOD5R]NáDGLORĞFLRZ\LSURFHQWRZ\RGSRZLHG]LQDS\WDQLH Ä&]\MHVW3DQ3DQLF]áRQNLHPSDUWLLSROLW\F]QHM]ZLą]NyZ]DZRGRZ\FK RUJDQL]DFMLSR]DU]ąGRZ\FKVWRZDU]\V]HĔORNDOQ\FK´ZSRV]F]HJyOQ\FK HOHNWRUDWDFKZZ\ERUDFKGR3DUODPHQWX(XURSHMVNLHJRZURNX 3DUWLD SROLW\F]QD 7$. =ZLą]HN ]DZRGRZ\ 7$. 2UJDQL]DFMD SR]DU]ąGRZD 7$. 6WRZDU]\V]HQLH ORNDOQH7$. N 1RZD3UDZLFD -DQXV]D .RUZLQ0LNNH LORĞü 9 0 8 10 27 procent 33 0 30 37 100 3ODWIRUPD Obywatelska LORĞü  12 19 18 55 procent 11 22 34 33 100 3ROVNLH Stronnictwo Ludowe LORĞü 2 10 1  19 procent 10 53 5 32 100 3UDZR

L6SUDZLHGOLZRĞü procentLORĞü 38 135 197 2260 10037 6RMXV]/HZLF\ 'HPRNUDW\F]QHM ±8QLD3UDF\ LORĞü 5 5 8 10 28 procent 18 18 28 36 100 ,QQD LORĞü 2 2 7 10 21 procent 10 10 33 47 100 Nie JáRVRZDáHP DP procentLORĞü 114 239 2811 1538 10039 1LHSDPLĊWDP LORĞü 2 7 5  20 procent 10 35 25 30 100

(20)

<ĂƌŽůŝŶĂdLJďƵĐŚŽǁƐŬĂͲ,ĂƌƚůŝŷƐŬĂ 7DEHOD5R]NáDGLORĞFLRZ\LSURFHQWRZ\RGSRZLHG]LQDS\WDQLH Ä&]\MHVW3DQ3DQLF]áRQNLHPSDUWLLSROLW\F]QHM]ZLą]NyZ]DZRGRZ\FK RUJDQL]DFMLSR]DU]ąGRZ\FKVWRZDU]\V]HĔORNDOQ\FK´ZSRV]F]HJyOQ\FK HOHNWRUDWDFKZZ\ERUDFKGRVHMPLNyZZRMHZyG]WZZURNX 3DUWLH SROLW\F]QH 7$. =ZLą]NL ]DZRGRZH 7$. 2UJDQL]DFMH SR]DU]ąGRZH 7$. 6WRZDU]\V]HQLH ORNDOQH7$. N 1RZD3UDZLFD -DQXV]D .RUZLQ0LNNH LORĞü 8 0   20 procent 40 0 30 30 100 3ODWIRUPD Obywatelska LORĞü 7 9 19 17 52 procent 13 17 37 33 100 3ROVNLH Stronnictwo Ludowe LORĞü 0 12 3 12 27 procent 0 44 12 44 100 .RDOLFMD3UDZR L6SUDZLHGOLZRĞü ±3ROVND5D]HP -DURVáDZD*RZLQD ±6ROLGDUQD3ROVND Zbigniewa Ziobry LORĞü 4 4 8 25 41 procent 10 10 20 60 100 .RDOLFMD 6RMXV]/HZLF\ 'HPRNUDW\F]QHM± /HZLFD5D]HP LORĞü 4  9 10 29 procent 14 21 31 34 100 .RPLWHWORNDOQ\ regionalny LORĞü 5 4 8 11 28 procent 18 14 29 39 100 ,QQD LORĞü 1 3 3 5 12 procent 8 25 25 42 100 Nie JáRVRZDáHP DP LORĞü 3 8 9 10 30 procent 10 27 30 33 100 1LHSDPLĊWDP LORĞü 1 4 1 1 7 procent 14 58 14 14 100

:ĞUyG RE\ZDWHOL NWyU]\ Z]LĊOL XG]LDá Z Z\ERUDFK GR VHMPLNyZ ZRMHZyG]WZFRREUD]XMHWDEHODGRSDUWLLSROLW\F]Q\FKQDMF]ĊĞFLHMQDOHĪą Z\ERUF\-.0  FRLQWHUHVXMąFHQLNW]JáRVXMąF\FKQD36/QLHSRWZLHUG]Lá SU]\QDOHĪQRĞFLGRSDUWLLSROLW\F]QHM=NROHLZ\ERUF\FLQDMF]ĊĞFLHM]D]QDF]DOL DNFHVGR]ZLą]NyZ]DZRGRZ\FK±36/  3RQRZQLHHOHNWRUDW3L6   ]QDF]ąFRDQJDĪXMHVLĊZG]LDáDOQRĞüVWRZDU]\V]HĔORNDOQ\FK 0DP\]DWHPZLGRF]QHUyĪQLFHPLĊG]\HOHNWRUDWDPLSDUWLL]DĞVSyMQH PLĊG]\ HOHNWRUDWDPL W\FK SDUWLL Z UyĪQ\FK Z\ERUDFK 'R SDUWLL SROLW\F]QHM QDMF]ĊĞFLHMSU]\QDOHĪąZ\ERUF\-.0-HGQDNFLVDPLSU]HMDZLDMą]HURZH]DLQ WHUHVRZDQLHF]áRQNRVWZHPZ]ZLą]NDFK]DZRGRZ\FK2GZURWQLHQLĪZ\ERUF\

(21)

WĂƌƚLJĐLJƉĂĐũĂƉŽůŝƚLJĐnjŶĂǁWŽůƐĐĞ 36/NWyU\FKSUDZLHSRáRZDZVND]XMHWDNąRGSRZLHGĨ:\ERUF\3L6Z\UyĪ QLDMąVLĊ]NROHLZ\VRNLPVWRSQLHP  ZáąF]DQLDVLĊZDNW\ZQRĞüVWRZD U]\V]HĔORNDOQ\FK 7DEHOD5R]NáDGLORĞFLRZ\LSURFHQWRZ\RGSRZLHG]LQDS\WDQLH Ä&]\Z\UDĪDáD3DQLNLHG\NROZLHNVZRMąRSLQLĊSRSU]H]SHW\FMHXG]LDá ZGHPRQVWUDFMDFKLQLFMDW\Z\ORNDOQH´ZNRQWHNĞFLHGHNODURZDQ\FK SRJOąGyZSROLW\F]Q\FK 3HW\FMH7$. 'HPRQVWUDFMH7$. ORNDOQH7$.,QLFMDW\Z\ N Lewica LORĞü 54  49 139 procent 39  35 100 &HQWUXP LORĞü 40 14 27 81 procent 49 17 34 100 3UDZLFD LORĞü 84 48 100 232 procent  21 43 100 1LHZLHP QLHSRWUD¿ĊRNUHĞOLü LORĞü  14 23 73 procent 49 19 32 100 ,QWHUHVXMąF\P]DJDGQLHQLHPMHVWWDNĪH]ZLą]HNPLĊG]\SR]LRPHPSDUW\ F\SDFMLSROLW\F]QHMDVDPRRNUHĞOHQLHPVLĊMDNRRVRE\RSRJOąGDFKOHZLFRZ\FK FHQWURZ\FKOXESUDZLFRZ\FKFRXZLGDF]QLDMąGDQHZWDEHOL:\UDĪDQLH RSLQLL SRSU]H] SHW\FMH QDMF]ĊĞFLHM GHNODUXMą RVRE\ R SRJOąGDFK FHQWURZ\FK RUD]QLHSRWUD¿ąFHVLĊRNUHĞOLü  U]DG]LHMOHZLF\  LSUDZLF\   8G]LDáZGHPRQVWUDFMDFKF]ĊĞFLHMGHNODUXMąRVRE\RSRJOąGDFKOHZLFRZ\FK  QLĪSUDZLFRZ\FK  F]\FHQWURZ\FK  8G]LDáZLQLFMDW\ZDFK ORNDOQ\FKQDMF]ĊĞFLHMZ\ND]XMąZ\ERUF\SUDZLFRZL  U]DG]LHMOHZLFRZL   F]\ FHQWURZL   0RĪQD ]DWHP VWZLHUG]Lü SHZQH UyĪQLFH PLĊG]\ ]DFKRZDQLDPL OXG]L R SRV]F]HJyOQ\FK SRJOąGDFK 2VRE\ GHNODUXMąFH VLĊ MDNROHZLFRZHSUHIHUXMąSHW\FMH  SU]HGLQLFMDW\ZDPLORNDOQ\PL   RUD]GHPRQVWUDFMDPL  :\ERUF\FHQWURZLQDMF]ĊĞFLHMZ\ELHUDMąSHW\FMH   SU]HG LQLFMDW\ZDPL ORNDOQ\PL   RUD] GHPRQVWUDFMDPL   =DĞSUDZLFRZLZVND]XMąJáyZQLHLQLFMDW\Z\ORNDOQH  SU]HGSHW\FMDPL  RUD]GHPRQVWUDFMDPL  1DWRPLDVWRVRE\QLHSRWUD¿ąFHVLĊRNUHĞOLü QDMF]ĊĞFLHM GHF\GRZDá\ VLĊ QD SHW\FMH   SU]HG LQLFMDW\ZDPL ORNDOQ\PL  RUD]GHPRQVWUDFMDPL  

(22)

<ĂƌŽůŝŶĂdLJďƵĐŚŽǁƐŬĂͲ,ĂƌƚůŝŷƐŬĂ 7DEHOD5R]NáDGLORĞFLRZ\LSURFHQWRZ\RGSRZLHG]LQDS\WDQLH Ä&]\MHVW3DQ3DQLF]áRQNLHPSDUWLLSROLW\F]QHM]ZLą]NyZ]DZRGRZ\FK RUJDQL]DFMLSR]DU]ąGRZ\FKVWRZDU]\V]HĔORNDOQ\FK´ZNRQWHNĞFLH GHNODURZDQ\FKSRJOąGyZSROLW\F]Q\FK 3DUWLH SROLW\F]QH 7$. =ZLą]NL ]DZRGRZH 7$. 2UJDQL]DFMH SR]DU]ąGRZH 7$. 6WRZDU]\V]HQLH ORNDOQH7$. N Lewica LORĞü 10 12 21 25  procent 15 18 30 37 100 &HQWUXP LORĞü 5 11 12 17 45 procent 11 24 27 38 100 3UDZLFD LORĞü 13 13  42 94 procent 14 14 28 44 100 1LHZLHP

QLHSRWUD¿ĊRNUHĞOLü procentLORĞü 135 14 187 1333 10039 %LRUąF SRG XZDJĊ GHNODURZDQH SRGJOąG\ SROLW\F]QH ]REUD]RZDQH ZWDEHOLWRQLHZLGDü]QDF]ąF\FKUyĪQLFMHĪHOLFKRG]LRSU]\QDOHĪQRĞüGRSDUWLL SROLW\F]Q\FK ]ZLą]NyZ ]DZRGRZ\FK RUJDQL]DFML SR]DU]ąGRZ\FK F]\VWRZD U]\V]HĔORNDOQ\FK:\UDĨQHG\VSURSRUFMHXZLGDF]QLDMąVLĊZSU]\SDGNXSRUyZ QDQLD SU]\QDOHĪQRĞFL GR SRV]F]HJyOQ\FK W\SyZ RUJDQL]DFML =GHF\GRZDQLH QDMEDUG]LHM SRSXODUQH Vą VWRZDU]\V]HQLD ORNDOQH RUJDQL]DFMH SR]DU]ąGRZH ]ZLą]NL ]DZRGRZH D QDMPQLHM SDUWLH SROLW\F]QH (ZHQWXDOQH UR]ELHĪQRĞFL PRĪQD]DXZDĪ\üPLĊG]\RVREDPLNWyUHRNUHĞOLá\VZRMHSRJOąG\QDRVLOHZLFD FHQWUXPSUDZLFDDW\PLNWyUHWHJRQLH]URELá\8W\FKGUXJLFKGRPLQXMą]ZLą]NL ]DZRGRZHRUD]VWRZDU]\V]HQLDORNDOQH

3RGVXPRZDQLH

6SRĞUyG WU]HFK Z\UyĪQLRQ\FK IRUP SDUW\F\SDFML SROLW\F]QHM UHVSRQ GHQFL QDMF]ĊĞFLHM ZVND]\ZDOL Z\UDĪDQLH RSLQLL SRSU]H] SHW\FMH   LQLFMDW\Z\ORNDOQH  RUD]GHPRQVWUDFMH   3R]LRPSDUW\F\SDFMLSROLW\F]QHMZ3ROVFHMHVWSRZLą]DQ\]HZV]\VWNLPL VSRĞUyGXZ]JOĊGQLRQ\FK]PLHQQ\FK%DGDQLDXND]XMąLĪPĊĪF]\ĨQLF]ĊĞFLHMQLĪ NRELHW\Z\UDĪDMąRSLQLĊSRSU]H]SHW\FMH ± LQLFMDW\Z\ORNDOQH ± RUD]GHPRQVWUDFMH ± ,VWQLHMHUyZQLHĪ]DOHĪQRĞü PLĊG]\PLHMVFHP]DPLHV]NDQLDJG\ĪRNRáRGZDUD]\F]ĊĞFLHMDNW\ZQRĞüZVND ]\ZDOLPLHV]NDĔF\ZVLRUD]PLDVWSRZ\ĪHMW\VPLHV]NDĔFyZQLĪĞUHGQLHM ZLHONRĞFL PLHMVFRZRĞFL .ROHMQ\P LVWRWQ\P SR]\W\ZQ\P F]\QQLNLHP MHVW SR]LRPZ\NV]WDáFHQLDJG\ĪSRVLDGDQLHZ\NV]WDáFHQLDFRQDMPQLHMĞUHGQLHJR ]GHF\GRZDQLH]ZLĊNV]DSRGHMPRZDQLHDNW\ZQRĞFL RN QLĪZSU]\SDGNX

(23)

WĂƌƚLJĐLJƉĂĐũĂƉŽůŝƚLJĐnjŶĂǁWŽůƐĐĞ

RVyERZ\NV]WDáFHQLX]DZRGRZ\P RN :\UDĪDQLHRSLQLLMHVW]DOHĪQH WDNĪHRGZLHNXJG\ĪF]ĊĞFLHMF]\QLąWRRVRE\PáRGV]HQLĪVWDUV]H1DMZLĊFHM ZVND]DĔGRW\F]\áRRVyEEĊGąF\FKZSU]HG]LDOHZLHNRZ\PODWDU]DG]LHM ±FKRüZSRGREQ\FKSURSRUFMDFK±OXG]LHZZLHNXLQDWRPLDVW Z NROHMQ\FK JUXSDFK ZLHNRZ\FK DNW\ZQRĞü Z\UDĨQLH VSDGD 0RĪQD WDNĪH GRVWU]HF ]UyĪQLFRZDQLH GRW\F]ąFH SUHIHURZDQ\FK DNW\ZQRĞFL Z SRV]F]H JyOQ\FK JUXSDFK ZLHNRZ\FK 2VRE\ Z ZLHNX  RUD]  QDMFKĊWQLHM ELRUąXG]LDáZGHPRQVWUDFMDFK2VRE\ZZLHNXSRGSLVXMąSHW\FMHRUD] DQJDĪXMąVLĊZLQLFMDW\Z\ORNDOQH:ĞUyGRVyEPDMąF\FKODWLZLĊFHMQLH XZLGDF]QLDVLĊ]UyĪQLFRZDQLHZIRUPDFKSDUW\F\SDFML

.RQFHQWUXMąFVLĊQDSDUW\F\SDFMLSROLW\F]QHMZNRQWHNĞFLHHOHNWRUDWyZ SRV]F]HJyOQ\FK SDUWLL GRVWU]HJDP\ ]UyĪQLFRZDQLH MHĪHOL FKRG]L R SUHIH URZDQH IRUP\ SDUW\F\SDFML SROLW\F]QHM 3R SLHUZV]H SRGSLV\ZDQLH SHW\FML QLH MHVW SUHIHURZDQH SU]H] Z\ERUFyZ XJUXSRZDĔ OHZLFRZ\FK RUD] -.0 =DĞZ\UDĨQLHF]ĊĞFLHMZVND]XMąRQLXG]LDáZGHPRQVWUDFMDFKFR]NROHLQDMU]D G]LHM F]\QLá HOHNWRUDW 36/ 1DWRPLDVW EUDN MHVW Z\UDĨQ\FK UyĪQLF RGQRĞQLH LQLFMDW\ZORNDOQ\FK'RSDUWLLSROLW\F]QHMQDMF]ĊĞFLHMSU]\QDOHĪąZ\ERUF\-.0 -HGQDN SU]HMDZLDMą RQL ]HURZH ]DLQWHUHVRZDQLH F]áRQNRVWZHP Z ]ZLą]NDFK ]DZRGRZ\FK2GZURWQLHQLĪZ\ERUF\36/NWyU\FKSUDZLHSRáRZDZVND]XMH WDNąRGSRZLHGĨ:\ERUF\3L6Z\UyĪQLDMąVLĊ]NROHLZ\VRNLPVWRSQLHP   DNW\ZQRĞFLZVWRZDU]\V]HQLDFKORNDOQ\FK

8ZLGDF]QLDMą VLĊ UyZQLHĪ UyĪQLFH PLĊG]\ ]DFKRZDQLDPL RVyE RSRV]F]HJyOQ\FKSRJOąGDFK2VRE\GHNODUXMąFHVLĊMDNROHZLFRZHSUHIHUXMą SHW\FMH   SU]HG LQLFMDW\ZDPL ORNDOQ\PL   RUD] GHPRQVWUDFMDPL  :\ERUF\FHQWURZLQDMF]ĊĞFLHMZ\ELHUDMąSHW\FMH  SU]HGLQLFMD W\ZDPL ORNDOQ\PL   RUD] GHPRQVWUDFMDPL   =DĞ SUDZLFRZL ZVND]XMą JáyZQLH LQLFMDW\Z\ ORNDOQH   SU]HG SHW\FMDPL   RUD] GHPRQVWUDFMDPL  1DWRPLDVWRVRE\QLHSRWUD¿ąFHVLĊRNUHĞOLüQDMF]Ċ ĞFLHM GHF\GRZDá\ VLĊ QD SHW\FMH   SU]HG LQLFMDW\ZDPL ORNDOQ\PL  RUD]GHPRQVWUDFMDPL  :LGDü]DWHPĪHZ\ERUF\RSRJOąGDFK FHQWURZ\FKSU]HMDZLDMą]DFKRZDQLDSRGREQHGRRVyENWyUHQLHSU]\SLVDá\ VLĊGRĪDGQHM]W\FKWU]HFKJUXS

%LRUąF SRG XZDJĊ GHNODURZDQH SRGJOąG\ SROLW\F]QH WR QLH ZLGDü ]QDF]ąF\FK UyĪQLF MHĪHOL FKRG]L R SU]\QDOHĪQRĞü GR SDUWLL SROLW\F]Q\FK ]ZLą]NyZ ]DZRGRZ\FK RUJDQL]DFML SR]DU]ąGRZ\FK F]\ VWRZDU]\V]HĔ ORNDOQ\FK:\UDĨQHG\VSURSRUFMHXZLGDF]QLDMąVLĊZSU]\SDGNXSRUyZQDQLD SU]\QDOHĪQRĞFLGRSRV]F]HJyOQ\FKW\SyZRUJDQL]DFML%H]Z]JOĊGXQDSRJOąG\ QDMEDUG]LHMSRSXODUQHVąVWRZDU]\V]HQLDORNDOQHQDVWĊSQLHRUJDQL]DFMHSR]D U]ąGRZH]ZLą]NL]DZRGRZHDQDMPQLHMSDUWLHSROLW\F]QH

(24)

<ĂƌŽůŝŶĂdLJďƵĐŚŽǁƐŬĂͲ,ĂƌƚůŝŷƐŬĂ 0RĪQD ]DWHP VWZLHUG]Lü ĪH F]WHU\ ] SLĊFLX SRVWDZLRQ\FK KLSRWH] ]RVWDá\]ZHU\¿NRZDQHSR]\W\ZQLH8]XSHáQLHQLDZ\PDJDKLSRWH]DGRW\F]ąFD ]DOHĪQRĞFLPLĊG]\ZLHONRĞFLąPLHMVFRZRĞFLDSDUW\F\SDFMąSROLW\F]Qą2VRE\ ]ZLĊNV]\FKPLDVWF]ĊĞFLHMZ\UDĪDMąVZRMąRSLQLĊQLĪ]PQLHMV]\FKMHGQDNĪH UyZQLHF]ĊVWRGHNODUXMąWDNLH]DFKRZDQLDPLHV]NDĔF\ZVLFRQLHE\áRSLHU ZRWQLHSU]HZLG]LDQH 3RGVXPRZXMąFPRĪQDVWZLHUG]LüĪHSDUW\F\SDFMDSROLW\F]QDZ3ROVFH Z\UDĨQLHZVND]XMHNWRF]ĊĞFLHMDNWRU]DG]LHMSRGHMPXMHDNW\ZQRĞüZW\P ]DNUHVLH :\GDMH VLĊ WR LVWRWQą ZVND]yZNą GOD RVyE SUDJQąF\FK SRGMąü HIHNW\ZQHG]LDáDQLDPDMąFHQDFHOX]ZLĊNV]HQLH]DDQJDĪRZDQLDRE\ZDWHOL

%LEOLRJUD¿D

%DUQHV6+HWDO  3ROLWLFDO$FWLRQ0DVV3DUWLFLSDWLRQLQ)LYH:HVWHUQ'HPRFUDFLHV /RQGRQ %HYHUO\+LOOV6DJH

%DUQHV 6+   7KH FKDQJLQJ SROLWLFDO SDUWLFLSDWLRQ RI SRVWFRPPXQLVW FLWL]HQV ³,QWHUQDWLRQDO-RXUQDORI6RFLRORJ\´YRO    %HUQKDJHQ30DUVK0  9RWLQJDQGSURWHVWLQJ([SODLQLQJFLWL]HQSDUWLFLSDWLRQLQROG DQGQHZ(XURSHDQ'HPRFUDFLHV³'HPRFUDWL]DWLRQ´YRO   4472. %KDWWL<+DQVHQ.0 D /HDYLQJWKHQHVWDQGWKHVRFLDODFWRIYRWLQJUHYLVLWLQJWKH UHODWLRQVKLSEHWZHHQDJHDQGWXUQRXWDPRQJ¿UVWWLPHYRWHUV³-RXUQDORI(OHFWLRQV3XEOLF 2SLQLRQ 3DUWLHV´YRO   

%KDWWL < +DQVHQ .0 E  7KH 3URFHVV RI 5HWLULQJ IURP WKH &LYLF 'XW\ RI 9RWLQJ

$QDO\]LQJ7XUQRXWDPRQJ(OGHUO\9RWHUV³-RXUQDORI(OHFWLRQV3XEOLF2SLQLRQ 3DUWLHV´ YRO    %KDWWL<+DQVHQ.0:DVV+  7KHUHODWLRQVKLSEHWZHHQDJHDQGWXUQRXW±FXUYLOLQHDU RUDUROOHUFRDVWHU"³(OHFWRUDO6WXGLHV´YRO   588593. %ODLV$*LGHQJLO(1HYLWWH11DGHDX5  :KHUHGRHVWXUQRXWGHFOLQHFRPHIURP" ³(XURSHDQ-RXUQDORI3ROLWLFDO5HVHDUFK´YRO    'DOWRQ5  &LWL]HQ3ROLWLFV3XEOLF2SLQLRQDQG3ROLWLFDO3DUWLHVLQ$GYDQFHG,QGXVWULDO 'HPRFUDFLHV:DVKLQJWRQ&43UHVV 'DOWRQ5  &LWL]HQ3ROLWLFVLQ:HVWHUQ'HPRFUDFLHV1HZ-HUVH\&KDWKDP 'DOWRQ5  &LWL]HQVKLSQRUPVDQGWKHH[SDQVLRQRISROLWLFDOSDUWLFLSDWLRQ³3ROLWLFDO 6WXGLHV´YRO    'LQDV(6WRNHU/  $JH3HULRG&RKRUWDQDO\VLV$GHVLJQEDVHGDSSURDFK³(OHFWRUDO 6WXGLHV´YRO 

'DQLJHOLV 1/ &XWOHU 6-   &RKRUW WUHQGV LQ DWWLWXGHV DERXW ODZ DQG RUGHU ZKR¶V

OHDGLQJWKHFRQVHUYDWLYHZDYH"³3XEOLF2SLQLRQ4XDUWHUO\´YRO   2449.

'XFK5  3DUWLFLSDWLRQLQQHZGHPRFUDFLHVRIFHQWUDODQG(DVWHUQ(XURSH&XOWXUDO

YHUVXVUDWLRQDOFKRLFHH[SODQDWLRQV>LQ@6+%DUQHV-6LPRQ HGV 7KHSRVWFRPPXQLVW citizen%XGDSHVW(UDVPXV)RXQGDWLRQ

(NPDQ -$PQn (   PoliWLFDO SDUWLFLSDWLRQ DQG FLYLF HQJDJHPHQW 7RZDUGV $ QHZ

W\SRORJ\³+XPDQ$൵DLUV´YRO   

)UDQNOLQ0DUNDWDO  (OHFWRUDO&KDQJH5HVSRQVHVWR(YROYLQJ6RFLDODQG$WWLWXGLQDO

(25)

WĂƌƚLJĐLJƉĂĐũĂƉŽůŝƚLJĐnjŶĂǁWŽůƐĐĞ *RHUUHV$  7KH3ROLWLFDO3DUWLFLSDWLRQRI2OGHU3HRSOHLQ(XURSH7KH*UH\LQJRI2XU 'HPRFUDFLHV%DVLQJVWRNH3DOJUDYH0DFPLOODQ +RRJKH0  3ROLWLFDOVRFLDOL]DWLRQDQGWKHIXWXUHRISROLWLFV³$FWD3ROLWLFD´YRO    331341. ,QJOHKDUW5&DWWHUEHUJ*  7UHQGVLQSROLWLFDODFWLRQ7KHGHYHORSPHQWDOWUHQGDQG WKHSRVWKRQH\PRRQGHFOLQH³,QWHUQDWLRQDO-RXUQDORI&RPSDUDWLYH6RFLRORJ\´YRO     -HQQLQJV.00DUNXV*%  3ROLWLFDOLQYROYHPHQWLQWKHODWHU\HDUV$ORQJLWXGLQDO VXUYH\³$PHULFDQ-RXUQDORI3ROLWLFDO6FLHQFH´YRO    .HUQ$0DULHQ6+RRJKH0  (FRQRPLF&ULVLVDQG/HYHOVRI3ROLWLFDO3DUWLFLSDWLRQ LQ(XURSH  7KH5ROHRI5HVRXUFHVDQG*ULHYDQFHV³:HVW(XURSHDQ3ROLWLFV´ YRO    .RQ]HOPDQQ/:DJQHU&5DWWLQJHU+  7XUQRXWLQ*HUPDQ\LQWKHFRXUVHRIWLPH /LIHF\FOHDQGFRKRUWHৼHFWVRQHOHFWRUDOWXUQRXWIURPWR³(OHFWRUDO6WXGLHV´ YRO    /DPSULDQRX,&RQWHPSRUDU\3ROLWLFDO3DUWLFLSDWLRQ5HVHDUFK$&ULWLFDO$VVHVVPHQW>LQ@ 'HPRFUDF\LQ7UDQVLWLRQ3ROLWLFDO3DUWLFLSDWLRQLQWKH(XURSHDQ8QLRQ.1'HPHWULRX HG %HUOLQ+HLGHOEHUJ6SULQJHU9HUODJ  /\RQV:$OH[DQGHU5  $7DOHRIWZRHOHFWRUDWHVJHQHUDWLRQDOUHSODFHPHQWDQGWKH GHFOLQHRIYRWLQJLQ3UHVLGHQWLDOHOHFWLRQV³-RXUQDORI3ROLWLFV´YRO    0HORD')6WRFNHPHU'  $JHDQGSROLWLFDOSDUWLFLSDWLRQLQ*HUPDQ\)UDQFHDQGWKH 8.$FRPSDUDWLYHDQDO\VLV³&RPSDUDWLYH(XURSHDQ3ROLWLFV´YRO   3353. 0LOOHU:(  7KHSX]]OHWUDQVIRUPHGH[SODLQLQJGHFOLQLQJWXUQRXW³3ROLWLFDO%HKDYLRU´    143.

1HXQGRUI$ 1LHPL 5*   %H\RQG SROLWLFDO VRFLDOL]DWLRQ 1HZ DSSURDFKHV WR DJH

SHULRGFRKRUWDQDO\VLV³(OHFWRUDO6WXGLHV´YRO 

2(&'   ©9RWLQJ´ LQ 6RFLHW\ DW D *ODQFH  2(&' 6RFLDO ,QGLFDWRUV 2(&' 3XEOLVKLQJ

6WRFNHPHU'  :KDWGULYHVXQFRQYHQWLRQDOSROLWLFDOSDUWLFLSDWLRQ"$WZROHYHOVWXG\ ³7KH6RFLDO6FLHQFH-RXUQDO´YRO   201211.

6WRFNHPHU ' &DUERQHWWL %   :K\ GR ULFKHU GHPRFUDFLHV VXUYLYH" 7KH QRQHৼHFW

RI XQFRQYHQWLRQDO SROLWLFDO SDUWLFLSDWLRQ ³7KH 6RFLDO 6FLHQFH -RXUQDO´ YRO

   237251.

7LOOH\-  3ROLWLFDOJHQHUDWLRQVDQGSDUWLVDQVKLSLQWKH8.³-RXUQDORIWKH 5R\DO6WDWLVWLFDO6RFLHW\´6HULHV$ 6WDWLVWLFVLQ6RFLHW\ YRO   121135. 7LOOH\ -   /LEHUWDULDQDXWKRULWDULDQ YDOXH FKDQJH LQ %ULWDLQ  ³3ROLWLFDO

6WXGLHV´YRO   

7LOOH\-(YDQV*  $JHLQJDQGJHQHUDWLRQDOHৼHFWVRQYRWHFKRLFH&RPELQLQJFURVV

VHFWLRQDODQGSDQHOGDWDWRHVWLPDWH$3&HৼHFWV³(OHFWRUDO6WXGLHV´YRO 

7RSI5  Beyond electoral participation>LQ@&LWL]HQVDQGWKH6WDWH.OLQJHPDQQ+' )XFKV' HGV 2[IRUG2[IRUG8QLYHUVLW\3UHVV

7\EXFKRZVND+DUWOLĔVND .   'HPRNUDFMD EH]SRĞUHGQLD QD SR]LRPLH ORNDOQ\P

&]\RE\ZDWHOHFKFąSDUW\F\SDFML"Ä3UHIHUHQFMH3ROLW\F]QH´QU

7\EXFKRZVND+DUWOLĔVND .   3DUW\F\SDFMD RE\ZDWHOVND QD SR]LRPLH ORNDOQ\P Ä3UHIHUHQFMH3ROLW\F]QH´QU 

9DQ 'HWK -:   $ FRQFHSWXDO PDS RI SROLWLFDO SDUWLFLSDWLRQ ³$FWD 3ROLWLFD´  YRO   

(26)

<ĂƌŽůŝŶĂdLJďƵĐŚŽǁƐŬĂͲ,ĂƌƚůŝŷƐŬĂ

9HUED61LH1  3DUWLFLSDWLRQLQ$PHULFD3ROLWLFDOGHPRFUDF\DQGVRFLDOHTXDOLW\ 1HZ<RUN+DUSHU 5RZ

<DQJ< /DQG .&   $JH ± 3HULRG ± &RKRUW $QDO\VLV 1HZ 0RGHOV 0HWKRGV DQG

(PSLULFDO$SSOLFDWLRQV%RFD5DWRQ&5&3UHVV7D\ORU )UDQFLV*URXS <DQJ</DQG.&  $PL[HGPRGHOVDSSURDFKWRWKH$JH±3HULRG±&RKRUWDQDO\VLVRI UHSHDWHGFURVVVHFWLRQVXUYH\VZLWKDQDSSOLFDWLRQWRGDWDRQWUHQGVLQYHUEDOWHVWVFRUHV ³6RFLRORJLFDO0HWKRGRORJ\´YRO   <DQJ</DQG.&  $JH±3HULRG±&RKRUWDQDO\VLVRIUHSHDWHGFURVVVHFWLRQVXUYH\V ¿[HGRUUDQGRPHৼHFWV"³6RFLRORJLFDO0HWKRGV 5HVHDUFK´YRO    :LQVKLS&K+DUGLQJ'-  $PHFKDQLVPEDVHGDSSURDFKWRWKHLGHQWL¿FDWLRQRI$JH ±3HULRG±&RKRUWPRGHOV³6RFLRORJLFDO0HWKRGV 5HVHDUFK´YRO   

:DJQHU 0 -RKDQQ ' .ULW]LQJHU 6  9RWLQJ DW  WXUQRXW DQG WKH TXDOLW\ RI YRWH

FKRLFH³(OHFWRUDO6WXGLHV´YRO    :DVV+  7KHHৼHFWVRIDJHJHQHUDWLRQDQGSHULRGRQWXUQRXWLQ)LQODQG ³(OHFWRUDO6WXGLHV´YRO    :DWWHQEHUJ03  ,V9RWLQJIRU<RXQJ3HRSOH"1HZ<RUN3HDUVRQ/RQJPDQ =HJORYLWV($LFKKRO]HU-  $UH3HRSOH0RUH,QFOLQHGWR9RWHDWWKDQDW"(YLGHQFH IRUWKH)LUVW7LPH9RWLQJ%RRVW$PRQJWR<HDU2OGVLQ$XVWULD³-RXUQDORI(OHFWLRQV 3XEOLF2SLQLRQDQG3DUWLHV´YRO   

Cytaty

Powiązane dokumenty

:WUöMNÈFLHSURVWRNÈWQ\PGïXJRĂÊMHGQHM]SU]\SURVWRNÈWQ\FKMHVWUöZQD]DĂGïXJRĂÊSU]H- FLZSURVWRNÈWQHM MHVW UöZQD  =DWHP WDQJHQV PQLHMV]HJR NÈWD RVWUHJR Z

QLH SRZLQQD RJUDQLF]Dü VLĊ GR SU]HSURZDG]HQLD EDGDĔ DOH SRZLQQD

3URFHV MHVW GZXHWDSRZ\ L NRĔF]\ VLĊ GRGDWNRZ\P Z\JU]HZDQLHP SLDQNL

religion, religious pluralism, religion in public space, religious minorities, European Court of Human Rights, religious holidays, exercise of religion 6áRZD

Dobór średnic przewodów, wyznaczenie strat ciśnienia, dobór wodomierza, filtra i zaworu antyskażeniowego.. Określenie wymaganego ciśnienia w miejscu przyłączenia

Z\ND]DQHM SU]\ Z\NRQDQLX ]DGD $NW\ZQRü VWXGHQWD RFHQLD SURZDG]F\ üZLF]HQLD ODERUDWRU\MQH 2SyQLHQLH Z RGGDQLX SURJUDPyZ PR*H SRZRGRZDü REQL*HQLH RFHQ\ ] üZLF]H

[r]

[r]