The Journal of the Institute of Metals and Metallurgical Abstracts, November 1947; The Journal of the Institute of Metals, Vol. 74, Part 3; Metallurgical Abstracts : general and non-ferrous, Vol. 15, Part 3 - Digital Library of the Silesian University of

INSTITUTE OF METALS

i r

and

METALLURGICAL ABSTRACTS

In this Issue : PAGE

1114. A Study o f Process Variables in the Produc­

tion o f A lum inium Pow der by Atomization.

/ . S. Thompson . . . . . 101

1115. T he Surface Tension and Density o f L ead- A ntim ony and Cadm ium -A ntim ony Alloys.

H. T. Greenaway . . . . . 1 3 3 1116. 1947 A utum n L ectu re: T he M etallurgical

Resources o f Scotland. G. Wesley Austin . 149

C opyright

N O V E M B E R 1947

Entered at Stationers' Hall

EFCO-VIRGO DESCALING PROCESS

for STEEL and ALLO Y STEELS

Why not spend less money—do less work fo r better results and more production!

L E S S W O R K

L E S S M O N E Y

T h e p ro c e ss is v e r y sim p le , T h e e q u ip m e n t re q u ire d is a sa lt bath, w a t e r q u e n c h t a n k and b r ig h t d ip t a n k (w e a k a cid).

S ca le b r e a k in g an d s a n d b la s t in g is e lim in a te d an d t h e r e is n o a u x ilia r y e q u ip m e n t t o be o p e r a te d .

B a se m e ta l lo ss is p ra c tic a lly e lim in a te d . A c id c o n s u m p t io n is lo w and t h e sp ac e re q u ire d f o r t h e p la n t c o m p a r e d w it h o r d in a r y p ic k lin g is m u c h less.

B E T T E R R E S U L T S T h e w o r k has a s u p e r io r su rfa c e fin ish — u n e tc h e d a n d b rig h t . T h e r e is n o p it t in g o r o t h e r d im e n ­ sio n a l losses.

M O R E P R O D U C T I O N F aste r p ic k lin g c y c le s— m in u te s in ste ad o f h o u rs.

T h e r e is less h a n d lin g.

•jc S e n d for m o re d e ta ile d inform ation r e g a r d in g the e q u ip m e n t a n d how to a d a p t e x is tin g p ic k lin g

e q u ip m e n t to’ the E F C O - V IR G O Pro cess.

ELECTRIC RESISTANCE FURNACE CO. LTD.

Associated Companies:— E LE C T R IC F U R N A C E Co. Ltd., E L E C T R O -C H E M IC A L E N G IN E E R IN G Co. Ltd.

N E T H E R B Y , Q U E E N S R O A D W E Y B R I D G E , S U R R E Y

T e l e p h o n e : W e y b r i d g e 3 8 1 6 U U ' \ \ T e le g r a m s : Resista fur, W e y b r i d g e

Y o u r e le c t r o d e p o s it io n p r o b le m

m

I t is our business to offer you a free and un­

biased source o f advice and assistance wherever n ickel and its alloys may be used with ad­

van tage. W e maintain one of the finest research lab oratories in the country and our in- form ation services are second to none. Our technical staff are always willing to make

r

personal calls to share their knowledge with

y o u . Take advantage o f this service : we c a n draw on a wealth of

experience—on your behalf.

m ay be

no p ro b lem t o us

THE MONO NICKEL COMPANY LTD

Grosvenor House, Park Lane, London, W .l 9/Mft

a

^{i i i}

By means of radiography you can look into the heart of castings, welds and assem­

blies . . . detect flaws that might otherwise remain hidden.

Radiography is also a design tool. Safeguarded by the X -ray test, designers can use less metal with equal safety — achieve better design with economy in material.

C A N IN D U S T R IA L R A D IO G R A PH Y HELP Y O U ?

A booklet with this title, outlining some of the industrial applications of radiography, will be sent free on request to

K O D A K L t d .

DEPT, 539, K O D A K HOUSE, K IN G SW A Y , L O N D O N , W.C.2

IV

unanimously , to keeP pace

■oduction only way

schedule is

alloy conforms to + ensile Strength Mazak. This

sections hardness esse.n

thereby saving

;= e x c e l l e n t ,

machining l i t t l e or

f l u i d i c

and even comp 01

temper;

F O R P R E S S U R E D I E - C A S T I N G

fan ^ALLOY

F O R F O R M I N G A N D B L A N K I N G D I E S

i m p e r i a l s m e l t i n g c o r p o r a t i o n l i m i t e d

17 DOVER S T R E E T . L ONDON. Ml

V

EDGAR A LLEN ’S m ade

S T E E L C A S T IN G S T O O L S T E E L S P E R M A N E N T M A G N E T S

C U T T IN G T O O L S

( C a r b i d e , B u t t - W e l d e d , etc.)

S T A IN L E S S and H E A T - R E S IS T IN G S T E E L S M IN IN G - D R IL L S T E E L S

A L L O Y C O N S T R U C T I O N A L S T E E L S C R U S H I N G and G R I N D I N G M A C H I N E R Y

C E M E N T - M A K IN G P L A N T S R O T A R Y K IL N S and D R Y E R S C O M P L E T E G R A V E L P L A N T S

O u r rep res en ta tive s fr eq u e n t ly find them sel ve s confro nted with on e o r oth er. It isn't th at w e d o n ’t mak e o u r p r o d u c ts know n W e do. B u t w e mak e s o many things that in the se days of pap er s h o r t ­ age w e ca n ’t a d v e r t i s e all o f the m all the tim e. So people fo r g e t ! This a d v e r t i s m e n t is a r e m i n d e r , and if y o u w a n t still m o r e detail of w h a t w e make, w r i t e fo r o u r g u i d e t o E D G A R A L L E N P R O D U C T S t o —

E D G A R A L L E N & CO, L IM IT E D .

IM PER IA L STEEL W O R K S !-SH EFFIELD S

vi

S ervice— H om e or Export B oosts E xport Orders H asten s H om e Production T he B ack bone o f Iron , Steel

or A lioy Products

H in d M etal I n g o ts m e e t y o u r n eeds for a n y th in g and e v e r y ­ th in g in m e ta l. H in d M etal is a lw a y s up to standard specifi­

c a tio n and in all cases w here R efined Iron , G un M etal, N on - ferrous or A lu m in iu m A llo y I n g o ts are called for, H in d su p p ly th e rig h t grade a t th e righ t tim e — ju st w hen y o u w a n t it— w h eth er in G reat B rita in or O verseas. In Y ork sh ire, L a n ­ cash ire, B irm ingh am or L ondon areas w e d eliv er w ith in 24 hours.

C onsult u s on y o u r produ ction prob lem s— w e can su p p ly th e answ er for h o m e or ex p o rt.

REFINED IRON, GUN METAL, NON-FERROUS AND ALUMINIUM ALLOY INGOTS

, _

^{g s g}

E . H I N D ( S O U T H B A N K ) L T D . , S O O T H 8 A N K - 0 N - T E E S , Y O R K S H I R E

Vll

C O P P E R ’S C O N T R I B U T I O N

1 4 5 0

^{b . c .}

Casting o f copp er and its alloys has been practised for at least y o o o years.

A painting o f about 145^0

^{b . c .}

w hich depicts the casting o f co pp er doors fo r the T em ple at Karnak still exists.

1 5 4 0 A t about this tim e, heavy copp er w ire was draw n by w a ter p o w er, the operator sitting in a sw inging seat and grippin g the w ire w ith his tongs every tim e they w ere returned by the revo lving crank.

T 1 7 0 0 P ow er-driven copp er and brass ro llin g m ills w e re introduced into B ritain at about the end o f the 1 7th cen tu ry, and the old m ethod o f producing strip and sheet by battery was slow ly superseded.

1 9 4 7 A n uninterrupted How o f copper from the m olten phase to the end-product was fo r long a dream o f inventors. N o w , sem i-fabricated form s are being produced on a com m ercial scale, by continuous casting.

1 9 5 0 In metallurgical progress, copper will play as full a part in the future as it has played in the past. It may help to solve you r own problems. The services o f the Copper Development Association are at your disposal. Write to Rendais Hall, Radlett, Herts. (Radlett 5 616)

C O P P E R D E V E L O P M E N T A S S O C I A T I O N

How

Rem iniscent o f a Roman chariot, th is typ e o f pony m ilk float was first used in 1880. Its carrying capacity was tw o 17-gallon churns.

b e c a m e . . .

A present-day m ilk delivery van used by The Midland Counties Dairy Ltd., Birm ingham — ligh t, speedy and h ygienic. The body is built of Noral alum inium alloy and weighs only 4 cw t, 63 lbs.

P rogress in d e s ig n h a s g o n e h a n d in h a n d w ith t h e d e v e lo p m e n t o f lig h t m etals. E sp e c ia lly is th is n o tic e a b le in th e field o f tra n sp o rt, w h er e a lu m in iu m h a s lo n g c o n tr ib u te d to th e s o lu tio n o f a g rea t m a n y v ita l p ro b lem s— p r o b le m s o f w e ig h t, str e n g th , c o rr o sio n , fa b r ica tio n , p e r ­ fo rm a n ce a n d m a in te n a n c e .

F or, w h a tev er th e p r o b le m , a lu m in iu m e m e r g e s as th e g r a n d c o -o r d in a tin g m e d iu m p o s se ssin g th o s e u n iq u e p r o p e r tie s n e c e s sa r y to g iv e su b s ta n c e to n e w id eas. W h a t g rea ter sp u r c o u ld t h e c r ea tiv e m in d d e sir e ?

m m m m m m m m

The largest distributors o f A lu m in iu m a n d its A lloys in the B ritish E m p ire

T H E A D E L P H I , S T R A N D , L O N D O N , W . C . 2

--- An A L U M IN IU M L IM IT E D C om p a ny ---

i x

M U L L A R D - B . T . L .

P O T E N T I O M E T R I C T I T R A T I O N A P P A R A T U S

A n e n t ir e ly n e w in s t r u m e n t f o r p o t e n t io m e t r ic t it ra t io n s , an o u t s t a n d in g fe a tu re o f w h ic h is th e in c o r p o r a t io n o f an e le c tr o n beam in d ic a to r as an in d ic a tin g d e v ic e in place o f a n e e d le g a lv a n o m e te r .

The co m p o n e n ts a re :

T IT R A T IO N U N I T

c o m p ri s e s a he av y cas t iron stand fit ted w i t h t w o b u r e tt e s, e l e c t r o d e ho ld er s , a u t o m a ti c s t ir r i n g , hot p la te, and “ Magic E y e ” balance indicator.

PO T E N T IO M E T E R U N IT.

A p o t e n t i o ­ m e t e r o p e r a t i n g f r o m A . C . mains w i t h a ran ge fr o m 0 t o 1600 m v „ s en si tive t o 2 mv.

A ls o p r o v id e d w i t h s en sitivity s w i tc h , p olarisin g c u r r e n t s w i tc h , and a c ath od e ray t u b e indi cator.

ELECTRODES.

Five i n t e rc h an g ea b le e l e c t r o d e s , e.g., t w o platin um , and on e each t u n g st e n , calo m el , and h y d r o g e n , p e r ­ m ittin g the use o f v a r io u s e l e c t r o d e c o m ­ binations.

★ The a p p a ra tu s m a y be used for all types of o x id a tio n -re d u ctio n a n d a c id -a lk a li titrations, a n d in a lim ited m a n n e r for ce rta in p H d eterm inatio ns.

BAIRD & TATLOCK ( L o n d o n ) LTD.

Scientific Instrum ent M akers

14-17 ST. CROSS STREET, LO NDO N , E.C.I

X

c o u d X - h a y c ÿ ju a lit y ,

The fluorescent m ethod o f c ra c k detection, involving the im pregnation o f the ca stin g s with a fluorescent m aterial a nd their subsequent exam ination in ultra violet light, constitutes a useful supplem ent to X -r a y inspection. The application o f this m ethod to a light alloy ca sting is show n above.

T h e rad iological exa m in a tio n o f eastin gs, origin ally developed to m eet th e requirem ents o f th e aircraft industry for h ig h ly -stressed lig h t a llo y com p on en ts, h as lo n g sin ce been esta b ­ lish ed on a rou tin e basis. Our ow n very com pletely equipped radiological departm ent h as been in operation for m ore th a n ten years . . . Other in d ustries h a v e n ow co m e to r eco g n ise the v a lu e o f th is penetratin g supple­

m entary in spection service and , by specifying 44 X -ra y qu ality ” , h a v e been able w ith a dvan tage to extend th eir use o f non -ferrou s castin gs and reap th e fu ll a d van tage o f lig h t a lloys in their d esign s . . . S u b stan tial sa v in g s ca n also be m ade by th e radiological ex a m in a tio n o f castings ca llin g for a considerable am ou n t o f m a ch in in g : hidden fa u lts are discoverable b e f o r e the ca stin g reaches the m a ch in e shop— n o t on the la st operation.

& C O M P A N Y L I M I T E D

MIT©

DEPTFORD & CHARLTON. London Cff ces : OCEANIC HOUSE, 1a COCKSPUR STREET, LONDON, S.W.1.

M CKECHNIE

m e t a l t e c h n i q u e

en su res un iform com position o f m etal, m eta l- lu rgically controlled to ex a ctin g standards, supplied in th e m o st conven ient form . T he M cK ech n ie range o f non -ferrou s ingots covers th e needs o f th e fou ndry, and conform s to B .S .I.

req uirem ents. G unm etal— Phosphor Bronze—

A lu m in iu m B ronze— M anganese B ronze— Brass

— A ntifriction M etal.

M c K E C H N IE B R O T H E R S L T D ., Rotton P a rk Street, B irm ingham , 16 Phone: Edgbaston 3581 (7 lines)

B ranches: LO N D O N — 62 B ro o k S tre e t, W .l. P h o n e ; M ayfair 6182/3/4. L E E D S — P ru d e n tia l B uildings, P a rk Row. P h o n e : Leeds 23044. M A N C H E S T E R — 509/513 C orn E xchang e B u ild­

in g s, 4. P h o n e : B la ck friars 5094. N E W C A ST L E -O N -T Y N E — 90 Pilgrim S tre e t. P h o n e : N ew castle 22718.

B o lc o n ’s C o p p e i P r o d u c t s c o m p ly w it h all re le v a n t B r i ­ tis h St a n d a rd s p e c i­

fic a tio n s an d m a n y o t h e r H o m e , C o l o n ­ ial an d F o re ig n G o v t , r e q u ire m e n ts.

TH OM AS BOLTON & SONS LTD. Estab. 1783

H E A D O F F I C E : W I D N E S . L A N C S . T E L E P H O N E W I D N E S 2022 L o n d o n : 168. R e g e n t S tre e t. W . l . T e le p h o n e R e g e n t 64 2 7 -8 -9 C V S —101

T h o m a s B olto n <& S o n s Ltd. m a n u ­ fa ctu re C o p p e r a n d C o p p e r A llo y s in the fo rm o f W ire, S tra n d , Sheet, S trip , Plates, B a rs, R od s, Tubes, Se ctio n s, M a c h in e d P a rts, etc.

W rite fo r B olto n Pu b lica tion N o . 120

x i i

C H A N G IN G T O E L E K T R O N

Y o u r first s te p is to c o n s u lt F . A . H u g h e s &

C o m p a n y L td ., w h o c a n h e l p y o u w ith fu r th e r in fo rm a tio n . T h e r e ’s n o t a lo t of d if f e re n c e b e tw e e n th e h a n d lin g o f ELEKTRON a n d th a t of o th e r lig h t­

w e ig h t a llo y s , b u t th e r e is a tr e m e n d o u s im p r o v e ­ m e n t in th e r e s u lts y o u o b ta in o n c e y o u c h a n g e to ELEKTRON. W rite to M e ta ls D e p a r tm e n t.

and welds as easily as steel

or alum inium

W e ld e d tu b u la r chair, m a d e in

ELEKTRON AM.

503 S heet M aterial, w ith riv e te d seat.

IZ

j

LEKTRON is w elded by standard oxy- acetylene equipment and the technique em­

ployed is similar to that adopted for aluminium alloys, although special fluxes and welding rods (readily obtainable) should be used.

Owing to its comparatively low melting point, low latent heat of fusion and low specific gravity, the amount of heat requ ired to w eld ELEKTRON is less than with most other metals that are welded. On the other hand, the fact that the thermal conductivity of ELEKTRON is low er than that of aluminium means that heat is con­

centrated under the welding flame and welding can be carried out more rapidly.

The latest technique is A rgonarc Welding, in which Argon—an inert gas—is passed through the torch and acts as a shroud to protect welds from contamination b y atmospheric oxygen and nitrogen. A rgonarc w elding rem oves the fear of corrosive after-effects, as no fluxes are used.

F . A . H U G H E S & C O . L T D • A B B E Y H O US E • L O N D O N N . W . l

L I 1 3 2 3 C

Xlll

P I P E COUPLINGS

ELECTRICALLY H EATED P R E SSU R E H EARS

CONTINUOUS FIL M RECORDING CAMERAS A ND EQ U IPM EN T FOR CATHODE R A Y

OSCILLOGRAPHY, ETC.

We undertake the Design, Development and Manufacture o f any type o f Optical

— Mechanical — Electrical Instrument.

Including Cameras for special purposes.

A vim o L im ite d , Taunton, E ngland ' Telephone Taunton 3634 .

Briftol Fafhi

j i ■» a •***>£, ■

fJ* ■**» t ** Mll • g,

The site

«/ Bedminster Smelting Wnrk^s from a print dated

1 7)4.

TODAY

Capper Pass are all ship-shape and carrying on their productions o f T in A llo ys fo r solder manufacture ; 99-99 per cent. Pure T in suitable fo r alloys, collapsible tubes, pure T in coatings, T in oxide and other specialised T in products ; and Pig Lead.

THEY

require as raw materials all grades o f T in Ores and T in and Lead bearing Residues, Slags, Ashes and D rosses and w ill welcom e offers from any part o f the W orld. T hey specialize in treating exceptionally com plex and lo w grade materials.

C A P P E R P A S S & S O N L T D

B e d m i n s t e r S m e l t i n g W o r k s , B r i s t o l .

x i v

Continuous Production Heat Treatment

BIRLEC LTD., T Y B U R N RD., E R D IN G T O N , B IR M IN G H A M 24 150 installa­

tions throughout the world are daily proving the reliability, economy and consistent high performance of Birlec mesh belt conveyor furnaces in continuous, arduous produc­

tion heat treatment.

I. C lo se -m e sh c o n v e y o r belt h a n d le s p a rts o f w id e ly v a ry in g s h a p e s a n d size s.

2. P aten ted s e lf-c o m p e n sa tin g d rive m a in t a in s m in im u m belt s t re ss a n d m a x im u m belt life.

3. F le xib le b elt-sp eed c ontrol p e rm its co rre c t tre atm e n t o f v a r y in g typ es o f w ork.

4. S t a n d a r d ise d fu rn a c e s iz e s fro m 2 5 to 1,500 lb. p e r h ou r p ro d u ctio n cap ac ity.

5. S t a n d a r d ise d g e n e ra to rs for all typ es o f n o n -o x id isin g atm o sp h e re .

X V

LEW IS’S

EU S to n 4 2 8 2 (5 lines)

S C I E N T I F I C B O O K S Select stock of books on M E T A L L U R G Y and

A LL IE D SUBJECTS

Please state interests when writing

LEWIS LENDING LIBRARY

Scientific and Technical

A N N U A L S U B S C R IP T IO N from :

O N E G U IN E A

Prospectus post free on application

H. K. LEWIS & ^{Co. Ltd.}

LONDON : 136, G O W E R S T R E E T

SOZOL (1924) LTD.

“ ANALOID” (Regd)

system of

RAPID A N A L Y S I S

(M e t a llu r g ic a l)

N E W D E S C R IP T IV E BO O K L ET

N o . 336.

Entirely re-written, giving several new methods and many im provem ents in exist­

ing “ A n a lo id ” methods.

Sent post free on request to

RIDSDALE & CO., LTD.

M etallurgical Chem ists 234 M a r t o n R oad , M I D D L E S B R O U G H

BUREAU OF ANALYSED SAMPLES, LTD.

N e w Standard Samples:

B.C.S. No. 233 Perm anent M agnet A llo y

11% Ni, 7 % Al, 5 % Cu, 2 4 % Co.

B.C.S. N o. 230 Cast Steel

0 -0 0 7 % N, 0-14% Ni, 0 -4 6 % Cr,

0-17% Mo, 0 0 8 5 % Cu.

B.C.S. N o. 229, 0 - 6 % Silicon Steel 0 - 5 9 % Si.

Send fo r latest list N o . 337 sh ow in g 15 carbon steels, I I alloy steels, 7 cast irons, 7 fe rro alloys, 9 non- fe rro u s alloys, 2 o re s and 8 pure reagents and metals to 234 M a r t o n R o a d , M id d le s b r o u g h .

x v i

A w e b of silk and a metal, both a sou rce of w o n d e r to m any, and having this in co m m on — lightn ess and great strength.

“ D U R A L U M I N ” the light metal alloy— a t h ird the w e igh t of steel yet as stron g, easy to w o rk and in am ple su p p ly — has p ro ved its w o rt h to B ritish in d u stry in a great variety of ways. O u r w ide ex pe rie n ce is gladly at y o u r service ; w rite to :—

J A M E S B O O T H & C O M P A N Y L I M I T E D , B I R M I N G H A M , 7

E L E C T R O N I C C O N T R O L

HIGH A C C U R A C Y

RESISTANCE THERMOMETER CONTROLLER

FOR C REEP

T E ST S, ETC.

T h i s i s a p u r e l y e l e c t r o n i c c o n t r o l l e r g i v i n g a n o u t p u t p r o p o r t i o n a l to t h e d e v i a t i o n o f t h e t e m p e r a t u r e f r o m t h e d e s i r e d v a l u e . I t o p e r a t e s u p to 800° C . w i t h a p l a t i n u m r e s i s t a n c e - t h e r m o m e t e r . S e n s i t i v i t y o n e p a r t i n 5 0 0 0 .

P r i m a r i l y d e v e l o p e d to c o n t r o l t h e t e m ­

p e r a t u r e o f c r e e p t e s t s p e c i m e n s , t h e S U N V I C R E S I S T A N C E T H E R M O M E T E R C O N T R O L L E R i s s u i t a b l e f o r h i g h a c c u r a c y w o r k w i t h i n t h e r a n g e c o v e r e d b y p l a t i n u m a n d n i c k e l r e s i s t a n c e t h e r m o m e t e r s . F o r d e t a i l s , p l e a s e r e q u e s t t e c h n i c a l p u b l i c a t i o n R T 10/50.

S U N V I C C O N T R O L S L T D . , Stanhope H o u se, Kean S treet, L ondon. W .C .2.

T A S / S C I I7 x v ii

QU i ~Ł.

^{N o . 4}

" B e r t 9 y ? ? $ r . ’ . . B 0 » 4 °b M r - ® i f n g i n e e r i n g g g

p u ^ a e n f q 0 l v i n g s e t a t o u t 3 ^ l e r Q S m

c o r r o s i o P , t h e t r o p i c s

M r. Bigtiffin sq u ared u p to th e m ic ro p h o n e w ith the a ir o f a m a n sh o u ld erin g th e w hite m a n ’s en tire bu rd en .

“ I have been o u t E a st 35 y ea rs,” he said . “ I have b u ilt in sw am p s th a t w an ted d rain in g an d ju n g les that h ad to be cleared , a n d w herever I ’ve built, 1 have had to reck o n w ith co n d itio n s o f heavy rain s live m o n th s o u t o f twelve. C o rro sio n has alw a y s been o n e o f o u r biggest bu g b ears, a n d it w asn’t un til a few years ago we discovered a satisfacto ry m e th o d o f dealing with it. M eta l C o atin g s. T h a t’s w hat we use now adays.

S prayed in situ by th e B ritish w ire pro cess.”

“ J u s t how d o y ou sp ray i t ? ” asked th e an n o u n cer.

“ W ith a M eta llisa tio n P is to l,” replied M r. BigtifTin em p h atically . “ T h a t P isto l has m ean t as m uch to us as a 15" g un to the N a v y .”

W r it e to Metallisation Lim ited for booklets and information.

Contracting : Pear Tree Lane, Dudley.

M etal Spraying Plant:

Sales Office : Barclays Bank Chambers, Dudley.

M w .7 0.

E S T A B L I S H E D 18 72 ON A D M IR A L T Y . A .I.D A N D W A R O FF IC E L IS T S

m & ^k a ^ltd .

Metoi M erchants. Smelters, and Alloy M anufa cturers

[ P A M & 3 I A ® , © ŁA §© @ W , (E.D

and at 87 ST. V I N C E N T ST.. G L A S G O W , C.2 x v iii

The fly overcomes

^g

(short for gravity) by means of suction pads on its feet which enable it to stay upside down on the ceiling.

What can we humans do to overcome

^g

? We can go a long way towards it by not always beginning with the traditional materials but by thinking in terms of lightness and exploring the great possibilities in the new light alloys that have been developed by H.D.A. Next time you have a production problem . . .

HI GH

m a k e 1 i g li t w o r k o f w i t h D U T Y A L L O Y S

H I G H D U T Y A L L O Y S L I M I T E D , S L O U G H , B U C K S .

I N G O T S , B I L L E T S , F O R G I N G S A N D C A S T I N G S I N ‘ H I D U M I N I U M ’ A L U M I N I U M A L L O Y S (R egd. tra d e m ark)

b x ix

Lead working machinery

R o llin g M i l l s for w idths up to 14 feet.

Roll d ow n to 2£ pounds per square yard w ithout doub ling o r sticking. Largest needs only four operators to melt, cast, roll, cut and coil. W ard -Le o n ard drive gives shockless reversal.

H y d r a u l ic P re ss e s for making pipes, glazing bar covers, w ind ow lead wire, lead bends, traps, syphons, etc.

H y d r a u l ic C r a n e s for changing rams and containers in hydraulic presses.

L e a d P ip e C o ile r s for light, medium and heavy section pipes.

Lead M e l t in g P o ts for supplying pipe and cable presses. Capacities up to 60 cwts. Suitable for coal, coke o r gas.

THE ECLIPSE TOOL CO. LINWOOD NR. G L A S G O W PH0NES:80,81 ELDERSLIE. CRAMS'- REID, LINW OOD, RENFREWSHIRE.

NON-FERROUS CASTINGS

Fully approved by Admiralty and A.I.D.

specialised k n o w ­ ledge is offered to you in castings of PHOSPHOR BRONZE, GUNMETAL, A L U M I N I U M , M A N ­ GANESE-BRONZE, and in A L U M I N I U M , B R O N Z E which pos­

sesses a Tensile strength of 45 tons per sq. in.

Also:

‘ B I R S O ’ C hill Cast Rods and

Tubes, Centrifugally Cast

W o rm -W h e e l Blanks, Finished Propellors and Precision Mac­

hined Parts, Ingot Metals, etc.

B

89

C

T.M.BIRKETT &S0NS LT.° Hanley, STAFFS.

‘PHONE : S T O K E - O N - T R E N T 2 1 8 4 -5 - 6 . ' 'GRAMS'- BIRKETT, HANLET.

X X

with which Alum inium and A lum in iu m A llo y s can be spun, pressed or stamped into accurate components • Successful machine form ing demands material with close tolerances and consistent properties • British A lu m in iu m sheet, strip and circles provide this consistency and cover the full range o f m anufacturing requirements. W e shall be pleased to advise on their use for any application.

j f f l f f / t e f /te f f i i / a r e tr/Y // f f i/'iY Y i/t- s /f iw it/ie /w i

TH E BRITISH A LU M IN IU M CO LTD i K j SALISBURY H OUSE LO N D O N EC2

©

138-156

x x i

i i i g h

T E M P E R A T U R E M E A SU R E M E N T

★

B A K E R L O N G L I F E Platinum v. Platinum /Rhodium Therm ocouples are m ade to conform to N .P .L . standards o f purity and accuracy.

Both 10 % and 1 3 % R hodium /Platinum v. Platinum Couples in the usual diameters can be supplied from stock. Special sizes can be m ade quickly to order.

A ll C ouples are thoroughly tested and guaranteed to agree within ± 1°C . with standard calibration curves at any tem perature up to 1200 °C .

B A K E R P L A T IN U M L IM I T E D , 52, H igh H olborn , Lon don , W .C .l.

C h a n cery 8711.

*N

The “ SERVICE” model

microscope, designed

and built to give a life­

time of efficient w ork,

c o m b in in g ease of

m a n ip u la tio n w ith

precision of movement

and absolute rigidity.

x x ii

THE IDEAL METHOD FOR SU RFACE H A R D E N IN G

SMALL PARTS

The illustrations sh o w sm all typew riter p e g s c a s e h a r d e n e d in

cyanide.

Precision control of case

Uniformly high hardness

F o r d e t a i l s o <

' C a s s e i ' H e a t -

T r e a f m e n t S a l t s

a n d S a l t B a t h

F u r n a c e s c o n s u l t

Excellent toughness

I M P E R I A L

N O B E L H O U S E

EMICAL INDUSTRIES LTD.

L O N D O N , 5.W .1

x x iii

Whats the Answer?

THINK

^{O F}

^{I R O N}

^AMD

^{S T E E L} THINK

OF THE DAMP AND ACID LADEN ATMOSPHERE-OF SALT WATER ACTION AND OF THE CORROSION AND WASTAGE CAUSED THEREBY

OF THEIR EXPOSURE TO S U C H

ATTACK AND OF THEIR

P R O T E C T I O N

a g a i n s t i t

i f CORROSION ^{IS YOUR} PROBLEM

MELLOZING ^{IS THE ANSWER}

<ME TAL SPRAYING P R O C E S S )

n iE llO U U E S . O M P A N Y L O N D O N

I M I T E D

OLDHAM

A L S O D E P O T S IN A LL P A R T S

IN Z I N C A L L O Y — “ M A Z A K ” O F C O U R S E !

X X I V

Steel gets its face lifted

H ig h quality steel, such as is required for D ro p Forgings, must be free from the defects which appear in the surface o f the ingot, bloom, slab or billet during the process o f manufacture. Oxy-Acetylene H and Deseaming enables individual imperfections o f any depth to be re­

moved, either before or after rolling operations, with a greater degree o f precision than is possible with pneumatic chipping and in one tenth o f the time— giving a faultless finish with an incalculable saving in man hours and machine time. Just one o f the many ways in which B.O.C. processes are aiding production in the Steel Industry !

THE BRITISH OXYGEN COMPANY LTD

L O N D O N A N D B R A N C H E S

X X V

DAMAXI NE

P H O S P H O R BRONZES

. P roduced un d er th e strictest supervision, test and control from selected raw materials. T o B.S.I.

and all official specifications.

THE MANGANESE BRONZE &BBASS CO. I/TD

HAXDFORD WORKS, IPSW IC H T E L E P H O N E I P S W I C H 2 1 2 7 T E L E G R A M S " B R O N Z E I P S W I C H "

A range o f high-class alloys for bronze bearings to m eet general and special requirem ents, supplied in th e form o f chillcast solid and cored rods and in ingots and castings.

x x v i

THE JOURNAL OF THE INSTITUTE OF METALS

--- N O V E M B E R 1947--- ---

Contents

P A G E

In stitu te N e w s a n d A n n o u n c e m e n ts . . - • • • x x ix

O th er N e w s . . . . . . . . . . . x x x v iii

L o c a l S e c tio n s N e w s

A p p o in tm e n ts R e q u ir e d a n d V a ca n t

1 1 1 4

. A S tu d y o f P ro c es s V a ria b les in th e P r o d u c tio n o f A lu m in iu m P o w d e r b y A to m iz a tio n . B y J . S . T h o m p s o n . . . t o t

1 1 1 5

. T h e S u rfa ce T e n s io n a n d D e n s it y o f L e a d -A n tim o n y and

C a d m iu m -A n tim o n y A llo y s. B y H . T . G re e n a w a y . .

1 33

i n

6

.

1947

A u tu m n L e c tu r e : T h e M e ta llu r g ic a l R e so u rc es o f

S c o tla n d . B y G . W e s le y A u stin . . . . . 14 9

M eta llu rg ica l A b stra cts . . . . . . . . . 97

I N D E X

Allen, Edgar, & Co., Ltd.

A lm in, Ltd.

A lum inium U nion, Ltd.

Avim o, Ltd. . . . . Baird & Tatlock (Lond on), Ltd Baker Platinum, Ltd.

Barnard, H. B., & Sons, Ltd.

Bausch & Lom b Optical Co., Ltd.

Beryllium Sm elting Co., Ltd.

Birkett, T. M., & Sons, Ltd. . Birlec, Ltd. . . . . Bolton, Thos., & Sons, Ltd. . Booth, James, & Co., Ltd.

Bow en Instrum ent Co., Ltd.

B risto l’s Instrum ent Co., Ltd.

British A lu m in iu m Co., Ltd., The British Gas Council

British Insulated C a lle n d e r’s Cables.

British O x y g e n Co., Ltd., The British Rototh e rm Co., Ltd., The Bureau of Analysed Samples, Ltd.

Capper Pass & Son, Ltd.

C o o ke T ro u g h to n & Sim m s, Ltd.

C o p p e r D evelopm ent A ssociation

T O A D V E R T I S E M E N T S

P a g e Page

Ilford, Ltd. • • • • • ' T7

Im perial Chem ical Industries, Ltd. . . . xxiii Im perial Chem ical Industries (M etals) Co., Ltd. — Imperial Sm elting C o rp o ratio n , Ltd. . . v

International A lloys, Ltd. —

International Electrolytic Plant Co., Ltd., T he. —

X X V I I I X X V xviii X V i

D e rb y & Co., Ltd. (O u tsid e b a ck cover) Earle B ourne & Co., Ltd. . . . . —

Eclipse T ool Co., T he x x

Electric Furnace Co., Ltd. . . . . —

Electric Resistance Furnace Co., Ltd.

{ In s id e fro n t cover) Entores, Ltd. . . . {O utside b a c k cover) Fisher & Ludlow, Ltd.

Foster Instrum ent Co., Foyle, W . & G., Ltd.

Ltd. .

G allenkam p, A. & Co., Ltd.

G ibbons Bros., Ltd.

Heffer, W ., & Sons H ig h D u ty A lloys, Ltd. . Hind, E. (South Bank), Ltd.

H o lro yd , John, & Co., Ltd.

H ughes, F. A., & Co., Ltd.

Johnson, M atthey & Co., Ltd.

Kod ak, Ltd.

Lewis, H. K., & Co., Ltd.

Llew ellyn Ryland, Ltd . . . .

M c G ra w -H ill Publishing Co.

M cK echnie Bros., Ltd. . . . . Manganese B ronze & Brass Co., Ltd., The Mellow es & Co., Ltd. . . . . Metallisation, Ltd.

M in istry of Fuel & Pow er M ond N ick e l Co., Ltd., The M ullard W ire le ss Service Co., Ltd., The

N o rt h e rn Alu m in iu m , Co., Ltd.

Park & Paterson, Ltd. . . .

Ridsdale & Co., Ltd. . . . Sheffield Sm elting Co., Ltd., T he . Siem ens-Schuk ert (G reat Britain), Ltd. . Sozol (1924), L t d ...

Spear & Jackson, Ltd. . . . . Stone, J., & Co., Ltd. . . . . Sunvic C o n tro ls, Ltd. . . . .

Tyseley Metal W o r k s , Ltd. .

Vinten, W ., Ltd. . . . . .

W a tso n , W ., & Sons, Ltd.

W ig g in , H enry, & Co., Ltd. . W ild -B arfie ld Electric Furnaces, Ltd.

W o lv e rh a m p to n D ie-C asting Co., Ltd. . X I I xxvi . x x iv . xviii { In s id e b a ck cover) iii

x x v ii

:

,

m I

¡ i t .

m C

The W orld’s largest m an­

ufacturing, m arketing and contracting group concerned with electrical transmission and distribution, radio and telec o rn m u n ic a tio n equ i p - inent.

B R I T I S H I N S U L A T E D C A L L E N D E R ’S C A B L E S L I M I T E D N O R F O L K - H O U S E . N O R F O L K S T R E E T , L O N D O N . W . C . 2

i S I ' 1 Ssi .

x x v iii

T H E IN S T IT U T E OF M ETA LS

P resident :

C o lo n e l P. G . J. G U E T E R B O C K , C .B ., D . S . O . , M . C . , T .D ., D .L ., J.P., M .A ., A . D . C , S e cre ta ry a n d Editor o f P u b lica tion s :

L ie u t .- C o lo n e l S. C . G U I L L A N , T .D .

A ssista nt Editor : A ssista nt Secreta ry :

M a j o r W . G . A S K E W , M . C . M a j o r R. E. M O O R E A d m in istrative a n d Editorial Offices : Telephone : 4 G R O S V E N O R G A R D E N S , L O N D O N , S . W . I S L O A N E 6233

I N S T I T U T E N E WS A N D A N N O U N C E M E N T S

E L E C T IO N O F F E L L O W S

T h e C o u n c il has u n a n im o u s ly e le c te d th e fo llo w in g P a st-P re sid e n ts to b e F e llo w s, in rec o g n itio n o f th eir e m in e n t ser v ices to the In stitu te :

C e c i l H e n r y D e s c h , D . S c . , P h .D ., H o n .L L .D ., F .R .S . L i e u t e n a n t - C o l o n e l S i r J o h n G r e e n l y , K .C .M .G ., C .B .E ., M .A .

E L E C T IO N O F H O N O R A R Y M E M B E R S

T h e C o u n c il has u n a n im o u s ly e le c te d th e fo llo w in g to be H o n o r a ry M em b er s o f th e In stitu te , in r e c o g n itio n o f th e v e ry d istin g u ish e d serv ices th at th e y h a v e r en d ered to s c ien ce and th e n o n -fer ro u s m eta ls in d u stry .

P r o f e s s o r P i e r r e A n t o i n e J e a n C h e v e n a r d , O fficier de la L é g io n d ’H o n n eu r, M em b r e d e l ’In stitu t de F ra n ce, D ir ec te u r S c ien tifiq u e d e la S o ciété d e C o m m e n tr y -F o u r c h a m b a u lt et D e c a z e v ille.

P r o f e s s o r S i r G e o f f r e y T a y l o r , M .A ., D .S c ., D .C .L ., F .R .S ., Y arrow R esea rch P ro fesso r o f th e R oyal S o c ie ty , C am b rid ge.

J o h n F a i r f i e l d T h o m p s o n , P h .D ., E x e cu tiv e V ic e -P r e s id e n t a n d D ir ec to r, T h e In tern a tio n a l N ic k e l C o m p a n y , In c.

V IS IT O R S T O A U S T R A L IA

T h e C o u n c il o f th e A u stralian In stitu te o f M eta ls has k in d ly o ffered to h elp m e m b er s o f th e In stitu te o f M eta ls w h o m a y be v isitin g A u stralia in th e fu tu re, b y p r o v id in g in fo r m a tio n regarding m eta llu rg ica l a ctiv ities, s u g g e s tin g v isits o f in terest, and e ffe c tin g in tr o d u c tio n s to m e m b er s o f th e A u stra lia n In stitu te w h o have sim ila r in terests. T h e H o n o r a ry F ed era l S ecreta ry o f th e A u s ­ tralian In stitu te o f M eta ls is M r. R . S. R u sse ll, B .S c ., c /o T h e B roken H ill A sso c ia te d S m e lte r s P ty ., L td ., C o llin s H o u se ,

360

C o llin s S treet, M elb o u rn e, C

1

.

T h e C o u n cil o f th e In stitu te has e x p r e ssed its ap p reciation o f th is offer. M em b er s w h o d esir e to avail th e m se lv es o f it sh o u ld g iv e th e S ecreta ry o f th e In stitu te fu ll particu lars regardin g th eir v is its a n d so m e g u id a n ce as to th e ir in terests.

X X IX

S Y M P O S IU M O N IN T E R N A L ST R E SSE S IN M E T A L S A N D A L L O Y S

T h e s y m p o s iu m , w h ic h w a s r e fe r re d to in d e ta il in o u r S e p te m b e r issu e (p p . x x ix —x x x ii) , w a s h e ld in L o n d o n o n 1 5 a n d 1 6 O c to b e r 1 9 4 7 . T h i r t y - s i x p a p e r s w e re p re s e n te d an d v a lu a b le d is c u s sio n s to o k p la c e . A n o ta b le fe a tu re o f th e m e e tin g w a s th e la rg e a tte n d a n ce th a t w a s m a in ta in e d th ro u g h o u t th e s e ssio n s, o v e r 3 0 0 m e m b e rs a n d v is ito r s b e in g p re se n t.

T h e c o n v e rs a z io n e h e ld o n th e e v e n in g o f 1 5 O c to b e r w a s v e r y s u c c e s s fu l, a n d so m e in te re s tin g e x h ib its — in c lu d in g a film o f S i r L a w r e n c e B r a g g ’ s b u b b le m o d e l— w e re sh o w n .

T h e p a p e r s c o n tr ib u te d to th e s y m p o s iu m , to g e th e r w it h a r e p o rt o f th e d is c u s sio n s , w ill b e p u b lis h e d as a s p e c ia l v o lu m e . T h e p r ic e o f th e b o o k a n d a p p r o x im a te d a te o f p u b lic a tio n w ill b e a n n o u n c e d la te r, b u t in th e m e a n tim e it is r e q u e s te d th a t all w h o m a y d e s ire to p u r c h a se th is v o lu m e w ill n o t ify th e S e c r e ta r y to th a t e ffe c t, i f th e y h a v e n o t a lre a d y d o n e so o n th e r e p ly fo r m w h ic h w a s s e n t to th em .

T h e s u p p ly o f a d v a n c e c o p ie s o f th e p a p e r s is e x h a u s te d . P R O F E S S IO N A L Q U A L IF IC A T IO N S

R e v e r s in g a ru le th a t h as b e e n in fo r c e f o r m a n y y e a r s , th e C o u n c il h a s d e c id e d th a t, in a d d itio n to r a n k , h o n o r ific d is tin c tio n s a n d u n iv e r s it y d e g re e s , th e re m a y n o w b e p r in t e d , in th e I n s t it u t e ’s p u b lic a tio n s , s u c h le tte rs d e n o tin g m e m b e rs h ip o f

qualifying

b o d ie s as are d e s ire d b y a u th o rs a n d o th e r c o n tr ib u to r s . M e m b e r ­ s h ip o f n o n -q u a lify in g b o d ie s w ill n o t b e in d ic a te d .

J O IN T L IB R A R Y

M e m b e r s r e sid e n t in th e U n it e d K in g d o m a re re m in d e d th a t th e y m a y b o rr o w b o o k s o r p e r io d ic a ls fr o m th e J o i n t L ib r a r y , o n a p p lic a tio n to th e L ib r a r ia n .

T h o s e w h o d e sire th e m sh o u ld a p p ly to th e L ib r a r ia n , J o i n t L ib r a r y , 4 G r o s v e n o r G a r d e n s , L o n d o n , S . W . i , to b e r e g u la r ly s u p p lie d w ith th e p r in te d c o p ie s o f th e “ A d d itio n s to th e L ib r a r y ” .

C e r ta in b o o k s a n d p e r io d ic a ls w h ic h a re n o t r e c e iv e d in th e L i b r a r y are o b ta in a b le fo r m e m b e rs , o n lo an , fr o m o th e r so u rce s.

A B S T R A C T IN G A N D R E V IE W IN G

T h e E d it o r re q u e s ts th a t a u th o rs o f p a p e r s p u b lis h e d in th e m o r e o b sc u re p u b lic a tio n s , w h ic h m a y n o t b e r e g u la r ly a b s tra c te d in

M etallurgical Abstracts,

s h a ll se n d to th e In s titu te c o p ie s o f th e ir p a p e r s — w h e re o f m e ta llu r g ic a l in te re s t— fo r a b s tr a c tin g , a n d fo r s u b s e q u e n t filin g in th e J o i n t L ib r a r y .

A u t h o r s o f b o o k s s u ita b le fo r n o tic e a re also r e q u e s te d to a rra n g e fo r r e v ie w c o p ie s to b e s e n t to th e E d it o r b y th e ir p u b lis h e r s.

A U T U M N M E E T IN G P H O T O G R A P H S

M e m b e r s m a y o b ta in c o p ie s o f th e p h o to g ra p h s ta k e n at th e G la s g o w A u t u m n M e e tin g fr o m th e p h o to g r a p h e rs , as d e ta ile d b e lo w :

Group Photograph :

N o r t h e r n P r e s s P h o to A g e n c y , L t d ., 29 W a te rlo o S tre e t, G la s g o w , C .2 . (P r ic e s , 8 i X 61 in ., 10 s . 6

d.

e a c h ; 1 5 X 1 2 in ., 1 7 s . 6

d.

e ac h .) X X X

Dinner and Loch Lomond Photographs :

S c o ttis h S t u d io s an d E n g r a v e r s , L t d ., 19 6 C ly d e S t r e e t, G la s g o w , C . i . ( P r ic e 3s. 6

d.

e a c h .)

R E M IT T A N C E S O F M O N E Y F R O M A B R O A D

I t is re q u e s te d th a t w h e n re m itta n c e s o f m o n e y are m a d e fr o m a b ro a d , in p a y m e n t o f s u b s c r ip t io n s o r fo r p u b lic a tio n s , a c o v e r in g n o te s h a ll b e s e n t

clearly stating the name o f the sender

a n d th e p u r p o s e fo r w h ic h th e m o n e y is se n t.

C h e q u e s a n d I n te rn a tio n a l M o n e y O rd e rs are fr e q u e n t ly r e c e iv e d b e a r in g n o in d ic a tio n o f th e n a m e o f th e s e n d e r o r o f th e p e r s o n o r firm to w h ic h th e g o o d s a re to b e d e s p a tc h e d .

M e m b e r s w h o s e fir m s s e n d c h e q u e s , & c ., o n th e ir b e h a lf a re a lso r e q u e s te d to e n su r e th a t, in a c o v e r in g n o te , it is c le a r ly sta te d f o r w h o m th e m o n e y is re m itte d .

M E M B E R S H IP A D D I T I O N S

T h e u n d e rm e n tio n e d 1 2 O r d in a r y M e m b e r s a n d 1 1 S t u d e n t M e m b e r s w e r e e le c te d o n 1 5 O c to b e r 19 4 7 :

O rd in a ry Mem bers

C h a u m e l l e , P ie r r e R o g e r , M a n a g e r , C e n tr e o f D o c u m e n ta tio n fo r th e F r e n c h Ir o n a n d S t e e l I n d u s t r y , 1 2 ru e d e M a d r id , P a ris 8e, F r a n c e .

C h i l t o n , L e o n a r d V in c e n t , M . A . , M a n a g e r , I n te llig e n c e D e p a r t ­ m e n t, T h e B r it is h A lu m in iu m C o m p a n y , L t d ., S a lis b u r y H o u s e , L o n d o n W a ll, L o n d o n , E .C . 2 .

C o l l i e r , T h o m a s W illia m , P r o d u c t io n M e ta llu r g is t, T h o m a s B o lto n a n d S o n s , L t d ., F r o g h a ll, S t o k e - o n - T r e n t , S t a ffo r d ­ sh ire .

F i n l a y , W a lt e r L e o n a r d , B . S . C h . E . , M .E n g ., R e s e a r c h M e t a l­

lu r g is t , R e m in g to n A r m s C o m p a n y , B r id g e p o r t , C o n n ., U . S . A .

G u y , P r o fe s s o r A lb e r t G la s g o w , D . S c . , A s s o c ia te P r o fe s s o r , M e c h a n ic a l E n g in e e r in g D e p a r t m e n t, N o r t h C a r o lin a S ta te C o lle g e , R a le ig h , N o r t h C a r o lin a , U . S . A .

H i s c o c k , W a lt e r G e o r g e , P h .D ., B .S c . , G e n e r a l M a n a g e r , N a tio n a l S m e ltin g C o m p a n y , L t d ., A v o n m o u th , B r is to l.

M o r g a n , S t e p h e n W illia m K e n n e t h , B .S c . , A . R . S . M . , M a n a g e r , R e s e a r c h D e p a r t m e n t, N a tio n a l S m e lt in g C o m p a n y , L t d ., A v o n m o u th , B ris to l.

N e l s o n , F e r g u s o n R o s s , B .S c . , M e t a llu r g is t , A r m s t r o n g S id d e le y M o t o r s , P a rk s id e W o r k s , C o v e n t r y , W a r w ic k s h ire .

R a m a C h a r , T . L . , P h .D ., M . S c ., I n d u s t r ia l C h e m is t a n d O ffic e r- in -C h a r g e , B u r e a u o f I n d u s t r ia l a n d S ta tis tic a l In fo r m a tio n , I n d ia n I n s titu te o f S c ie n c e , B a n g a lo r e , In d ia .

V i o d e , J e a n A lfr e d A u g u s te , P o w d e r M e ta llu r g is t, 1 7 ru e C o lle tte , P a r is 1 7 ® , F r a n c e .

W a t k i n s o n , H e r b e r t H e n r y , O ffic e r - in -C h a r g e , M e ta llu rg ic a l T e s t H o u s e , A . I . S . T e s t C e n tr e , M id d le E a s t.

x x x i

W i l k i n s o n , R o b e r t G e o ffr e y , B .S c . , D e p u t y C h i e f M e ta llu r g is t, M a g n e s iu m E le k tr o n , L t d ., C lift o n Ju n c tio n , M a n c h e s te r .

Student Mem bers

A l l a r d , R o b e r t W illia m , B .S c . , S t u d e n t o f M e ta llu r g y , K i n g ’s C o lle g e , U n iv e r s it y o f D u r h a m , N e w c a s t le - o n - T y n e .

B a r t l e t t , W illia m L e s lie , B .S c . , S t u d e n t o f M e ta llu r g y , U n iv e r s it y C o lle g e , C a r d iff.

B e l l a m y , R o y G r a h a m , B .S c . , S t u d e n t o f M e ta llu r g y , U n iv e r s it y C o lle g e , C a r d iff.

C a u l f i e l d , K e n n e t h W illia m , M . S c ., R e s e a r c h M e ta llu r g is t, T i n R e s e a r c h In s titu te , F r a s e r R o a d , G r e e n fo r d , M id d le s e x . G r i e v e , A la n , B .S c . , S t u d e n t o f M e ta llu r g y , U n iv e r s it y C o lle g e ,

C a r d iff.

M a c k , K e n n e t h A le x a n d e r , B .S c . , S t u d e n t o f M e ta llu r g y , U n i ­ v e r s ity C o lle g e , C a r d iff.

T i p l e r , H e d le y R o y , B .M e t ., A s s is ta n t E x p e r im e n ta l O ffic e r in M e ta llu r g ic a l R e s e a r c h , N a tio n a l P h y s ic a l L a b o r a t o r y , T e d d in g to n , M id d le s e x .

T o m a l i n , P e te r F r a n k , B .S c . , M e ta llu r g is t, M e tr o p o lita n -V ic k e r s E le c t r ic a l C o m p a n y , L t d ., T r a ffo r d P a rk , M a n c h e s te r . U p t o n , J o h n C h a rle s , B .S c . , T e c h n ic a l O ffic e r ( M e t .) , Im p e r ia l

C h e m ic a l In d u s tr ie s , L t d ., B illin g h a m D iv is io n , B illin g h a m , C o . D u r h a m .

V a r l e y , J o h n H e n r y O liv e r , S t u d e n t o f M e ta llu r g y , T h e U n i ­ v e r s ity , B ir m in g h a m .

Y e o m a n s , D o n a ld E r ic , S t u d e n t o f M e ta llu r g y , T h e U n iv e r s it y , B ir m in g h a m .

P E R S O N A L IT IE S

Dr. C. H. Desch

D r . C e c il H e n r y D e s c h , F . R . S . , w h o h a s b e e n e le c te d a F e llo w o f th e In s titu te o f M e ta ls , w a s b o rn in L o n d o n in 18 7 4 , a n d w a s e d u ­ c a te d at B ir k b e c k S c h o o l, K in g s la n d ; F in s b u r y T e c h n ic a l C o lle g e ; U n iv e r s it y C o lle g e , L o n d o n ( D .S c .) ; a n d W u r z b u r g U n iv e r s it y ( P h .D .) . I n 19 0 2 h e jo in e d th e M e ta llu rg ic a l D e p a rtm e n t at K i n g ’s C o lle g e , L o n d o n , a n d in 19 0 9 w a s a p p o in te d L e c t u r e r in M e ta llu r g ic a l C h e m is tr y at G la s g o w U n iv e r s ity , at w h ic h h e re m a in e d u n til th e e n d o f th e 1 9 1 4 - 1 8 w a r. H e w a s th en a p p o in te d P r o fe s s o r o f M e ta llu r g y at th e R o y a l T e c h n ic a l C o lle g e , G la s g o w , a p o s itio n w h ic h h e h e ld u n til 19 2 0 , w h e n , on th e d ea th o f P r o ­ fe s s o r J . O . A r n o ld , h e s u c c e e d e d to th e C h a ir o f M e t a llu r g y at S h e ffie ld U n iv e r s ity .

In 1 9 3 1 D r . D e s c h v is ite d th e U n it e d S ta te s , w h e re h e w a s G e o r g e F is h e r B a k e r L e c t u r e r at C o r n e ll U n iv e r s ity , a n d in 1 9 3 2 w a s a p p o in te d S u p e r in te n d e n t o f th e D e p a rt m e n t o f M e t a llu r g y a t th e N a tio n a l P h y s ic a l L a b o r a t o r y , T e d d in g t o n , w h e re he re m a in e d u n til h is r e tire m e n t in 19 3 9 . M o r e r e c e n tly D r . D e s c h h as b e e n c lo s e ly c o n n e c te d w ith th e iro n a n d ste e l in d u s tr y . H e w a s a p p o in te d to th e B o a r d o f D ir e c t o r s o f M e s s r s . R ic h a r d T h o m a s a n d C o m p a n y , L t d ., in 19 4 3 , to d ir e c t th e re se a rc h a n d d e v e lo p ­ m e n t a c tiv itie s o f th a t fir m , b u t, o n th e a m a lg a m a tio n o f th e

x x x i i

C o m p a n y w it h M e s s r s . B a ld w in s , L t d ., in 19 4 5 , h e r e sig n e d h is d ir e c t o rs h ip a n d h as sin ce b e e n a s s o c ia te d w ith th e W h ite h e a d Ir o n a n d S t e e l C o m p a n y ,

L t d .

D r . D e s c h w a s P r e s id e n t o f th e In s titu te o f M e ta ls fr o m 1 9 3 8 to 19 4 0 . H e w a s e le c te d a F e llo w o f th e R o y a l S o c ie t y in 1 9 2 3 , w a s P r e s i­

d e n t o f th e F a r a d a y S o c ie t y fr o m 19 2 6 to 19 2 8 , a n d h as b e e n P r e s id e n t o f th e Iro n a n d S t e e l In s titu te sin ce 19 4 6 . H e w a s a w a rd e d th e In s titu te o f M e ta ls ( P la ti­

n u m ) M e d a l in 1 9 4 1 ; th e B e s s e m e r G o ld M e d a l o f th e Ir o n a n d S te e l In s titu te in 1 9 3 8 ; an d re c e iv e d th e h o n o r a ry L L . D . d e g re e o f G la s g o w U n iv e r s it y . H e w a s re c e n tly e le c te d a C o r ­ re s p o n d in g M e m b e r o f th e F r e n c h A c a d e m y o f S c ie n c e .

H e d e liv e r e d th e E i g h ­ te e n th M a y L e c t u r e to th e In s titu te o f M e ta ls in 19 2 8 o n “ T h e C h e m ic a l P r o p e r ­ ties o f C r y s t a l s ” (

jf . Inst.

M etals,

19 2 8 , v o l. 3 9 ), a n d is th e a u th o r o f n u m e ro u s p a p e r s o n m e ta llu r g ic a l a n d c h e m ic a l s u b je c ts , s e v e n o f w h ic h are p u b lis h e d in th

e Jo u rn al o f the Institute o f Metals.

I n 1 9 1 4 an d 1 9 1 9 , r e s p e c t iv e ly , h e p re s e n te d th e F i r s t a n d S e c o n d R e p o r t s to th e B e ilb y P r iz e C o m ­ m itte e o n “ T h e S o lid ific a tio n o f M e ta ls fr o m th e L iq u id S t a t e ” (.

J . 'I n s t . M etals,

1 9 1 4 , v o l. 1 1 , a n d 1 9 1 9 , v o l. 2 2 ). H e is also th e a u th o r o f s e v e ra l b o o k s, in c lu d in g h is “ M e t a l lo g r a p h y ” , “ In te r- m e ta llic C o m p o u n d s ” , “ T h e C h e m is tr y o f S o lid s ” , a n d (w ith F . C . L e a ) “ C h e m is t r y o f C e m e n t an d C o n c r e te ” .

Lieut.-Colonel Sir John G reenly

L ie u t .- C o lo n e l S i r J o h n H e n r y M a itla n d G r e e n ly , K . C . M . G . , C . B . E . , M . A . , w h o h a s b e e n e le c te d a F e llo w o f th e In s titu te o f M e ta ls , w a s b o rn o n 25 J u l y 1 8 8 5 , a n d is th e s e c o n d so n o f th e la te E . H . G r e e n ly , J . P . , D . L . , o f T i t l e y C o u r t , H e r e fo r d s h ir e , a n d S a r a h , d a u g h te r o f th e la te L ie u t .- G e n e r a l B o w e s F o s te r .

E d u c a te d at C h a rt e rh o u s e a n d T r i n i t y C o lle g e , O x fo r d , w h e re h e g r a d u a te d , h e w a s tr a in e d as a C iv il E n g in e e r . C o m m is ­ sio n e d in 19 0 6 in th e H e r e fo r d s h ir e R e g im e n t ( T . F . ) , h e w a s p r o m o te d C a p ta in in 1 9 1 2 , a n d s e r v e d in th e 1 9 1 4 - 1 8 w a r , b e in g a p p o in te d to b e a S t a f f C a p ta in a n d B r ig a d e M a jo r in 1 9 1 6 , p r o ­ m o te d to L ie u t .- C o lo n e l in 1 9 1 7 , an d tw ic e m e n tio n e d in d e ­ s p a tc h e s . H e w a s A s s is ta n t C o n t r o lle r o f I n s p e c tio n o f M u n itio n s o f W a r at th e M in is t r y o f M u n itio n s fr o m 1 9 1 6 to 1 9 1 9 . In 1 9 1 9 h e w a s m a d e a C . B .E .

I n 1 9 2 0 h e w a s a p p o in te d J o i n t M a n a g in g D ir e c t o r o f M e s s r s . W illia m F o s t e r , P a s c o e , G r e n f e ll an d C o m p a n y , c o p p e r m a n u ­

x x x i i i

fa c t u r e r s a n d s m e lte rs o f L o n d o n a n d S w a n se a , an d s u b s e q u e n tly J o i n t M a n a g in g D ir e c t o r o f M e s s r s . B r it is h C o p p e r M a n u fa c t u r e r s ,

L t d . H e jo in e d th e B o a r d o f M e s s r s . B a b c o c k a n d W ilc o x , L t d ., in 19 2 9 , a n d b e c a m e C h a ir m a n o f th e E x e c u tiv e C o m m itte e a n d D e p u t y C h a ir m a n o f th e C o m p a n y in 1 9 3 2 , a n d C h a ir m a n in 1 9 3 7 . H e is also a D ir e c t o r o f o th e r C o m p a n ie s .

S in c e 1 9 3 7 S i r J o h n h as b e e n C h a ir m a n o f th e B r itis h N o n - F e r r o u s M e ta ls R e s e a r c h A s s o c ia tio n , in w h ic h p o sitio n h e h as g iv e n o u tsta n d in g s e rv ic e to th e in d u s tr y . H e h a s a lso h e ld n u m e ro u s o th e r p o sitio n s o f e m in e n c e in th e fie ld s o f sc ie n c e an d in d u s tr y . H e w a s C h a ir m a n o f the C o a l- B u r n in g A p p lia n c e s J o in t C o n s u lta tiv e B o a r d in 19 3 6 ; a m e m b e r o f th e A d v is o r y C o u n c il to th e C o m m itte e o f th e P r i v y C o u n c il fo r S c ie n t ific a n d In d u s tr ia l R e ­ s e a rc h fr o m 1 9 3 7 to 19 4 3 ; a m e m b e r o f th e In d u s tr ia l A d v is o r y P a n e l to th e A i r M in is t r y fr o m 1 9 3 8 to 19 3 9 ; C h a ir m a n o f th e P rim e M in is t e r ’ s A d v is o r y P a n e l o f In d u s tr ia lists on R e a rm a m e n t fr o m 19 3 8 to 1 9 3 9 ; C o n t r o lle r - G e n e r a l o f th e B r itis h S u p p ly B o a r d in C a n a d a a n d th e U n it e d S ta te s , 1 9 3 9 - 1 9 4 0 ; D e p u t y C h a ir m a n an d A d m in is tr a to r , F ir e P r e v e n tio n E x e c u tiv e , 1 9 4 1 - 19 4 5 ; a m e m b e r o f th e F ir e P r e v e n tio n (O p e ra tio n a l) C o m m itte e ( M in is t r y o f H o m e S e c u r ity ), 1 9 4 1 - 1 9 4 5 ; m e m b e r o f th e F u e l R e s e a r c h B o a r d , 1 9 4 2 - 1 9 4 7 ; m e m b e r o f th e A d v is o r y P a n e l to th e M in is t e r o f R e c o n s tr u c tio n , 19 4 2 ; C h a ir m a n o f th e B ric k s A p p e a l T r ib u n a l ( M in is t r y o f W o r k s ), 1 9 4 2 - 1 9 4 5 ; m e m b e r o f th e F u e l an d P o w e r A d v is o r y C o u n c il ( M in is t r y o f F u e l an d P o w e r), 1 9 4 4 - 1 9 4 6 ; M e m b e r o f C o u n c il o f th e B r itis h C o al U tiliz a tio n R e s e a r c h A s s o c ia tio n , 1 9 3 8 - 1 9 4 6 ; V ic e - P r e s id e n t o f th e C o a l U tiliz a tio n J o i n t C o u n c il, 1 9 4 5 - 1 9 4 6 ; a n d is a M e m b e r o f C o u n c il o f th e B r itis h W e ld in g R e s e a r c h A s s o c ia tio n ; a M e m b e r o f th e In s titu tio n o f M e c h a n ic a l E n g in e e r s , th e In s titu te o f F u e l, an d th e In s titu tio n o f E n g in e e r in g In s p e c tio n , a n d a F e llo w o f th e In s titu tio n o f M e ta llu rg is ts .

I n 1 9 4 1 , h e w a s c re a te d a K n ig h t C o m m a n d e r o f th e M o s t D is t in g u is h e d O rd e r o f S t . M ic h a e l a n d S t . G e o rg e .

S i r J o h n w a s P r e s id e n t o f th e In s titu te o f M e ta ls fr o m 19 4 2 to 19 4 4 , a n d is also a P a s t -P r e s id e n t o f th e In s titu te o f F u e l, th e In s titu tio n o f E n g in e e r in g In s p e c tio n , an d th e C o m b u s tio n A p p lia n c e M a k e r s ’ A s s o c ia tio n ( S o lid F u e l) .

I n 19 4 6 h e w a s a w a r d e d th e In s titu te o f M e ta ls (P la tin u m ) M e d a l in r e c o g n itio n o f h is o u tsta n d in g s e rv ic e s to th e in d u s tr y . A s a P a s t -P r e s id e n t h e re m a in s a M e m b e r o f th e C o u n c il, w h ic h th u s c o n tin u e s to b e n e fit fr o m h is a d v ic e a n d in sp ira tio n .

x x x iv