M E T A L LU R G IC A L ABSTRACTS
( G E N E R A L A N D N O N - F E R R O U S )
V O L U M E 2
(N ew Series)
E D IT E D B Y
G. SHAW SCOTT, M.Sc.
Se c r e t a r y
The
The Institute of Metals is not responsible either for the statements made or for the opinions expressed in the following pages
LONDON
PUBLISHED BY THE INSTITUTE OF METALS 36 VICTORIA STREET, LONDON, S.W .l
1935
Copyright] [Entered at Stationers' Hall
r ig h t o f P u b lic a tio n a n d o f T r a n s l a tio n is R e serv ed
Ó BIBLIOTEKA U â GŁÓWKA £
P. le i ¡is
EXTRACTS FROM T H E RULES
(MEMORANDUM AND ARTICLES OF ASSOCIATION.)
MEMBERS AND MEMBERSHIP
or ^udent Members™ ° f ^ Institute sha11 be Honorary Membere, Fellows, Ordinary Members be fdina7- M<nPbeJ.s 8baIi be of such ag« (not being less than twenty-one years) as shall either ? 0 time to fc,me the Council and/or provided in the Bye-laws. They shall be (а) persons engaged in the manufacture, working, or use of non-ferrous metals and alloys;
(б) persons of scientific, technical, or literary attainments, connected with or interested in theI metal trades or with the application of non-ferrous metals and alloys, or engaged in their scientific investigations.
a?m‘t*ed and retained as Student Members within such limits of age and ahall be eRher determiI>ed from time to time by the Oouncil and/or provided in the Bye-laws,
(fl) Students of Metallurgy; or
(6) pupils or assistants of persons qualified for ordinary membership, whether such persons are actually members of the Institute or not.
Student Members shall not be eligible for election on the Council, nor shall thev be entitled to Roll 7 “ eaVnf s o f f he Institute, or to nominate candidates for ordinary membership.
shiD shali be hv^the tW° ,cla?8e8’ aud a8 beroinafter provided, election to member- rover leaf! marked "A n tv, applications for membership shall be in writing in the form and such in oU cfr ’ t h ?therform as may from time to time be authorized by the Council, Institute! ppllcatlon mu8t be by the applicant and not less than three members of the pai(Lem^erShlP 8ha11 DOt begiD UDtil the entrance fee and flrst annual subscription have been the Oouncirinrpa n n li^ i i0^ri,lemberahipt ?! 0rdinary or Student Members shall be submitted to shall Ibe e x h i b i L n n ° t t ? aPProved applicants shall be placed on a list which Meciinc t t ¿ h f n I ® rary °f tbe Instltute for at least fifteen days immediately after the Council of Local Sections of °t he approTed; 0 °P‘e8 ° f s“«* lists shall be supplied to the Secretaries may Domtjme rij time be^rescribed 'by^h^Couimi™6111 8* &Dd &Dy otber marmer t0 members as maih^m wbriv?il°v r t “ «' oandidate whose name is so exhibited or notified to members shall be Shib ited Secretary within twenty-one days of the date when the list shall first be so havt'heo?U0bSe9vh*v °n the applications for membership of persons whose names shall e ltlt be™ 80 exblblted ?haH be further considered, and the Council may, in their absolute discretion,
»Vi™ ] applicants, and may refuse any application although previously approved without L °d 4° r SUC^ r.efusal- Non-election shall not necessarily prejudice the candidate for election concerned in any future application for election.
SUBSCRIPTIONS
.. Kui e 9-—Unless and until otherwise determined by the Council and/or provided in the Bye-laws i^ lT n e ia n n 1011 r ^ r 0rdl° ary Member shall be £3 3s. per annum, aud of each Student Member an Entraime Fee* of i f S ™ PSy Bntrance Pee of £2 2s- eacb and Student Members
« v„?Ulf S«s nd( ° r r8®ulatfPn.9 “ »F be made by the Council from time to time for the transference of Student Members from that status to that of Ordinary Members, including the fixing of an entrance and / or t h a y e i ^ o f n y 8such ° ' " * & BU“ “ the ° ° Uncil “ ay from time to time Proscribe, by Student Members 'D flling 8acb 8um’ 4ake into consideration the prior payment of entrance fees
Subscriptions shall be payable on election and subsequently in advance on July 1st in each year l°aws W18C “ determined from time to time by the Council and/or provided in the Bye-
DUTIES AND OBLIGATIONS OF MEMBERS
Rule 12.—Every member shall be bound :
(d) in flu e n c e of the I m ita t e !8 ^ ° bjeCt8’ PUrp°Be8' intere8t8' aDd (6) To observe the provisions of the Memorandum of Association of the Institute, the Articles
and the Bye-laws. »
(c) To pay at all times, and in the manner prescribed, such entrance fees on election such fees on transference from one class of membership to another, and such annual sub
scriptions as shall for the time being be prescribed.
(d) To pay and make good to the Institute any loss or damage to the property of the Institute caused by his wilful act or default.
« v®“!?,1.3-“ ? l eI I , Me?Jber,’.in S11 bi,8 professional relations, shall be guided by the highest principles of honour, and uphold the dignity of his profession and the reputation of the Institute.
ABSTRACTORS AND R E V I E W E R S
N.
Ag e e w,Met.Eng.
W . E . Al k in s, D .Sc.
Professor
J .H.
An d r e w,D.Sc.
W . E . Ba l l a r d.
Professor C. 0 .
Ba n n i s t e r,M.Eng., A.R.S.M.
Colonel N. T.
Be l a i e w,C.B.
B.
Bl u m e n t h a l,Dr.-Ing.
Captain B.
Br a n d t.J . C.
Ch a s t o n, B . Sc. ,A.R.S.M.
R. B.
De e l e y,B.Sc., A.R.S.M.
J . W.
Do n a l d s o n,D.Sc.
W.
En g e l,Dr.-phil.
U. R.
Ev a n s,M.A., D.Sc.
S.
Fi e l d,A.R.C.S.
R.
Ge n d e r s,M.B.E., D.Met.
Frhr. v.
Gö l e r,Dr.-Ing.
R o o s e v e l t G r i f f i t h s , M .Sc.
G. A.
Ha n k i n s,D.Sc., A.R.C.S.
M.
Ha n s e n,Dr.-phil.
E. S.
He d g e s,D.Sc., Ph.D.
H. W. G.
Hi g n e t t,B.Sc.Eng.
C. E.
Ho m e r,B.Sc., Ph.D.
A. W.
Ho t h e r s a l l,M.Sc.Tech.
E. R.
Ho w e l l.W.
Hu m e- Ro t h e rY ,M.A., Ph.D.
Z.
Ja s i e w i c z,M.S.
F . J o h n s o n , D .Sc.
Professor W.
M is A n g Y I ,Dr.-techn.
W. A. C.
Ne w m a n,B.Sc., A.R.S.M., A.R.C.S.
J . E .
Ne w s o n,M.Met.
E.
ÖHM AN.H. W.
L . Ph i l l i p s,B.A.
Ing. R.
Po s p i s i l.A. R.
Po w e l l.A. G.
R o b i e t t e , B .Sc. Ph o e b eM. C.
Ro u t h,B.Sc.
F.
Sa l t.K.
Sc h m i d t,Dr. sei. nat.
D. N.
Sh o y k h e t,Chem.Eng.
D. G.
So p w i t h,B.Sc.Tech.
Professor
J .F.
Sp e n c e r,D.Sc., Ph.D.
D.
St o c k d a l e,M.A., Ph.D.
H.
Sh t t o n,M.Sc.
J . S. G.
Th o m a s,D.Sc.
J . H.
Wa t s o n,M.C., B.Sc., Ph.D., A.R.S.M.
J .
We e r t s,Dr.-Ing.
S.
We r n i o k,Ph.D., M.Sc.
S. V.
Wi l l i a m s,B.Sc.
Capt. A. I.
Wy n n e- Wi l l i a m s,M.C., R.A.
M.
Zv e g i n t z o v,B.A., B.Sc.
S
y m b o ls a n dA
b b r e v ia t io n sU
s e d i nT
e x t. A. Angstrom units.
abs. absolute.
a.c. alternating current(s).
amp. ampère(s).
amp.-hr . ampère-hour(s).
A.W.G. American wire-gauge.
Bé. Baumé.
B. & S. Brown & Sharpe (gauge).
B.H.P. brake horse-power.
B.O.T. Board of Trade.
B.th.u. British thermal units.
B.T.U. Board of Trade unit.
B.W.G. Birmingham wire-gauge.
C. centigrade.
cal. calorie(s).
c.c. cubic centimetre(s).
eg- centigramme(s).
c.g.s. centimetre-gramme-second.
cm. centimetre(s).
cm .2 square centimetre(s).
cm .3 cubic centimetre(s).
coeff. coefficient(s).
const. constant(s).
c.p. candle-power.
C.T.U. centigrade thermal units.
cwt. hundredweight(s).
d density.
d.c. direct current(s).
dg. decigramme( s ).
diam. diameter(s).
dm. decimetre(s).
dm .2 square decimetre(s).
dm .3 cubic decimetre(s).
e.m.f. electromotive force(s) F. Fahrenheit.
ft. foot; feet.
f t .2 square foot.
f t .3 cubic foot.
ft.-lb. foot-pound(s).
gall. gallon(s).
grm. gramme(s).
H .-F. high-frequency.
H-ion. hydrogen ion.
H.P. horse-power.
H.P.-hr. horse-power hour(s).
hr. hour.
hrs. hours.
in. inch; inches.
in .2 square inch.
in.3 cubic inch.
in.-lb. inch-pound(s).
I.S.W.G. Imperial standard wire-gauge.
K. absolute tem perature (scale).
K.C.U. kilogramme-degree-centigrade heat unit ( = 3-97 B.th.u.).
kg- kilogramme(s).
kg.m. kilogramme-metre(s).
km. kilometre(s).
km .2 square kilometre.
kv. kilovolt(s).
kva. kilovolt-ampére(s).
kw. kilowatt(s).
kw.-hr. kilowatt-hour(s).
lb. pound(s).
L.-F. low-frequency.
m. metre(s).
m.2 square metre(s).
m.3 cubic metre(s).
m.amp. milliampere(s).
max. maximum.
mg. milligramme(s).
mm. millimetre(s).
mm.2 square millimetre(s).
mm.3 cubic millimetre(s).
m.m.f. magnetomotive force(s).
m/a millimicron.
m.v. miUivolt(s).
N . normal.
N.T.P. normal tem perature and pres
sure.
oz. ounce(s).
P.C.E. pyrometric cone equivalent.
p.d. potential difference.
P-P-m. parts per million.
R. Reaumur.
r.p.m. revolutions per minute.
sp. gr. specific gravity.
sq. square.
V.
volt(s).
va. volt-ampére(s).
w. watt(s).
w.-hr. watt-hour(s).
w.p.c. w atts per candle.
O
degree(s) (arc or tem perature).
r° per cent, wave-length.
V- micron.
w 1 millionth micron = 0-1 A.
n ohm.
/ minute of the arc.
// second of the arc.
< A < B denotes th a t A is less than B.
> A > B denotes th a t A is greater than B.
< negative of < ; A < B de
notes th a t A is not less than B.
< combination of < and = ; A < B denotes th a t A is equal to or less than B.
=/= is not equal to.
e identically equal to.
= approximately (or essentially)
equal to.
CONTENTS
I. Properties oi Metals, 1, 41, 89, 137, 197, 273, 333, 365, 413, 453, 497, 553, 655.
n . Properties of Alloys, 7, 50, 94, 145, 212, 279, 336, 370, 417, 461, 503, 568, 670.
III. Structure (Metallography ; Macrography ; Crystal Structure), 14, 56.
99, 156, 220, 284, 342, 378, 423, 467, 511, 585, 682.
IV. Corrosion, 17, 58, 102,158, 226, 291, 345, 381, 427, 470, 514, 595,
688, V Protection (other than Electrodeposition), 20, 61, 103, 163, 231, 296,
348, 385, 430, 472, 519, 599, 695.
VI. Electrodeposition, 21, 62, 105, 165, 235, 298, 349, 387, 432, 473, 524, 605, 700.
VII Electrometallurgy and Electrochemistry (other than Electrodeposi
tion), 22, 64, 169, 238, 302, 351, 388, 435, 475, 528, 608, 702.
VHI. Refining, 23, 106, 241, 388, 435, 475, 609, 704.
IX. Analysis, 23, 64, 106, 169, 241, 303, 352, 388, 435, 475, 528, 610, 705.
X. Laboratory Apparatus, Instruments, &c„ 26,
68, 108, 172, 245, 305, 354, 391, 437, 479, 531, 616, 712.
XI. Physical and Mechanical Testing, Inspection and Radiology, 27,
68, 109, 173, 246, 305, 354, 392, 438, 479, 532, 618, 713.
XII. Temperature Measurement and Control, 29, 69, 175, 249, 306, 357, 393, 440, 481, 533, 619, 716.
XIII. Foundry Practice and Appliances, 29, 70,112, 176, 250, 307, 357, 393, 440, 481, 534, 621, 716.
XIV. Secondary Metals : Scrap, Residues, &c., 72, 114, 179, 252, 395, 441, 482, 536, 626, 718.
XV. Furnaces and Fuels, 30, 72, 114, 179, 252, 308, 358, 395, 442, 482, 536, 626, 718.
XVI. Refractories and Furnace Materials, 31, 73, 115, 180, 255, 309, 359, 395, 443, 483, 537, 628, 720.
XVH. Heat-Treatment, 31, 73, 116, 180, 256, 309, 396, 445, 538, 629, 723.
X Vm . Working, 31, 74, 116, 181, 257, 309, 360, 396, 445, 483, 538, 629, 723.
XIX. Cleaning and Finishing, 32, 75, 118, 182, 259, 311, 360, 397, 446, 484, 539, 633, 726.
XX. Joining, 32, 75, 119, 183, 260, 312, 362, 397, 447, 485, 539, 634, 726.
XXI. Industrial Uses and Applications, 34, 78, 123, 185, 261, 314, 401, 448, 486, 541, 638, 731.
X X n. Miscellaneous, 37, 80,127, 189, 265, 317, 405, 452, 488, 543, 646, 739.
X X m . Bibliography, 37, 81, 127, 189, 265, 318, 406, 489, 544, 647.
XXIV. Book Reviews, 40, 87, 132, 192, 271, 323, 411, 492, 550, 651, 740.
PAGE
I n d e x ... 743
C O R R I G E N D A
23, line 10. For “ 826-827 ” read “ 825-827.”
24, „ 25. For “ Met. Abs., 1934,1, 605 ” read “ Met. Abs., 1934,1, 606.
50, „ 8.* For “ Aluminium-Zinc ” read “ Aluminium-Tin.”
51, „ 9.* For “ L. R. van West ” read “ L. R. van W ert.”
66, „ 20. For “ K am cham a” read “ K am eyam a.”
79, „ 26. For “ 2, 427^448 ” read “ 2, 4 2 2 ^ 4 8 .”
97, „ 30. F o r “ J. T. Wise ” read “ J. T. Eash.”
138, „ 8.* For “ Mercury ” read “ Magnésium.”
143, „ 14. For “ Rebinder ” read “ Rehbinder.”
148, „ 13. For “ H. Hoffmann ” read “ P. Hoffmann.”
181, 2. For “ 1935, 11, 10-13 ” read “ 1935, 10, 10-13.”
197, „ 25.* For “ Met. Abs., 1934,1, 288 ” read “ Met. Abs., 1934, 1, 285.’
216, „ 29. For “ Tamura ” read “ Tam aru.”
223, „ 1. For “ Brunovkiy ” read “ Brunovskiy.”
Far “ 193-220 ” read “ 195-220.”
225, „ 18.*
253, „ 12.* For “ C. H. Barker ” read “ G. H. Barker.”
266, „ 22. For “ C. Guia-Lollini ” read “ C. Giua-Lollini.”
283, „ 15. For “ Tamura ” read “ Tamaru.”
333, „ 17.* For “ F. Troube ” read “ F. Trombe.”
„ 16.* For “ 740-742 ” read “ 660-664.”
336, 2. After “ Yamaguchi ” add “ and Kôzô N akam ura; for “ BîdZ.
I.P.C .R. T o kyo ” read “ Rikwagaku-Kenkyü-jo Iho (Bull.
Inst. Phys. Chem. Res.).”
For “ Electrodepositors’ ” read “ Electroplaters’.”
For “ 99-99% ” read “ 99-85%.”
350, „ 24.
365, „ 3.
f t
„ 4. After “ as anodes” add “ For the production of métal of a purity exceeding 99-99%, the principle of 3 superimposed layers is utilized in electrolyzing a bath of aluminium and sodium fluorides and barium chloride.”
378,
f t2. For “ K ot6 ” read “ K ato.”
385,
f t5 * For “ Metallic Cementation. III.” read “ Metallic Cementa
tion. IV.”
415, 9f 13. For “ 173, 1-3 ” read “ 173, 1-31.”
469,
f t8. For “ 1159-1160 ” read “ 1158-1166.”
516,
f t28.* For “ Valinski” read “ Valensi.”
562,
ft23. For “Met. Abs., this vol., p. 293 ” read “ Met. Abs., this vol., p. 273.”
575,
f t16.* After “ Bull. B .N .F .M .R .A ., 1935, (80)” add “ [In French.]”
For “ A rthur E. Bonsu ” read “ A rthur E. Bousu.”
587,
f t19.*
595,
ft8.* For “ O. I. Ver ” read “ O. I. Vehr.”
f t
