What does the „state” mean? Basics of the contemporary poli cal division of the world. Changes in Europe.
What does the „state” mean? Basics of the contemporary poli cal division of the world. Changes in Europe.
Lesson plan (Polish) Lesson plan (English)
Link to the lesson
Before you start you should know
that the maps are created by cartographers;
that each map is generalised so as to present the most important issues from the presented scope;
how countries are distributed around the world;
that, apart from independent states, there are dependent and disputed territories.
You will learn
to explain what does the „state” mean;
to discuss changes in the political map of the world which occurred after 1989 and the reasons for those changes;
to describe changes in Europe.
Nagranie dostępne na portalu epodreczniki.pl Nagranie abstraktu
Write down your connotations of the word "state" below.
What does the „state” mean?
A political map shows the distribution of countries around the world – this is basic knowledge. A more detailed analysis reveals that the subject is slightly more complex. A state should have territory,
population, sovereign power, it should be recognised by other countries (de iure, i.e. officially, or de facto – unofficially, e.g. through trade contacts).
However, there may be certain complications, e.g. as a result of the civil war in the internationally recognised Somalia, there has been no government that could exercise power over the entire territory of that country since 1991. Somaliland which exists within the borders of Somalia meets the first three criteria, but is not recognised by any independent state. The situation is slightly better in the case of the Republic of China, better known as Taiwan, which lost its political importance in 1971 when the United States recognised the People's Republic of China.However, it is still very important in economic terms.
Another example is Kosovo, which is not even recognised by some EU countries and many UN Member States.
What does the „state” mean? Basics of the contemporary poli cal
division of the world. Changes in Europe.
Some territories are not states, but dependent territories or non‑independent territories. In Europe, for example, it is Gibraltar which is dependent on Great Britain. In the Caribbean, it is Martinique which belongs to France or Dutch Aruba. In the Pacific, there are Northern Mariana Islands which are
dependent on the United States.
The long and complex historical and political processes have complicated even the issue of borders of recognised territories. The Kaliningrad region, which represents 0.0009% of the territory of the Russian Federation and is separated from it by Lithuania, Latvia and Belarus, is an example of an exclave. Cabinda is separated from the mainland of Angola by the Democratic Republic of Congo
Meanwhile, San Marino is an enclave on the territory of Italy and Lesotho is an enclave on the territory of the Republic of South Africa.
The following maps show the changes in Europe.
The basics of the modern poli cal division of the world
At the end of the 19th century, the world's most powerful countries finally divided the lands (Berlin Congress). Hence, for example, we can notice the geometric borders in Africa.
Both World Wars resulted in significant shifts in borders, especially in Europe. In the 1960s and 1970s, numerous colonies declared independence in Africa, Asia, the Caribbean and the Pacific. In the 1980s there were few of them left.
When it seemed that the borders around the world had been determined (the documents on the Law of the Sea were also being worked on at the time), changes began in the most politically stable continent - in Europe.
Changes in Europe
After the Second World War, after defeating Nazi Germany, the leaders of the victorious empires agreed that the countries of Central and Eastern Europe, including Poland, would be subordinated to the USSR (the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics). Germany was also fragmented. At first, Germany was divided into occupation zones, but in 1949 two separate states were established. The eastern part – German Democratic Republic – was under the custody of the Soviet Union, while the western part – Federal Republic of Germany – was under the influence of the western empires (the United States, Great Britain and France).
In the 1980s, the nations dominated by the Soviet Union in the central‑eastern part of the continent began their march towards sovereignty. The first changes took place in Poland and triggered changes in the political map.
On the one hand, the reunification of Germany, divided in 1945 by decisions of the leaders of the United States, the Soviet Union and the United Kingdom, took place. On the other hand, the federal states, which mostly included nations with a strong sense of being different from each other or economically exploited, collapsed.
The Velvet Revolution led to the division of Czechoslovakia into the Czech Republic and Slovakia. The Czechs believed that Slovaks' development was at their expense, while Slovaks aspired to create an independent state.
Source: Krys an Chariza i zespół, licencja: CC BY 3.0.
Source: Krys an Chariza i zespół, licencja: CC BY 3.0.
Exercise 1
Put the names of countries on the map.
Exercise 2
Match the regions aspiring to independence with the states to which they belong.
Spain, France, United Kingdom, Belgium, Italy Catalonia
Padania Flanders
Scotland
Corsica
Summary
States should have territory, people, sovereignty and international recognition.
The number of states in the world is growing.
Decolonisation is a process of gaining independence by dependent territories.
The independence of a state does not always guarantee its development, as sometimes state independence may involve socio‑economic problems.
Keywords
nation, state, dependent territory
Glossary
enclave
Nagranie dostępne na portalu epodreczniki.pl Nagranie słówka: enclave
enklawa - aterytorium państwa A lub jego fragment w obrębie terytorium państwa B z punktu widzenia państwa B
exclave
Nagranie dostępne na portalu epodreczniki.pl Nagranie słówka: exclave
eksklawa - część terytorium państwa lub innej jednostki administracyjnej, położona w oddzieleniu od głównego jego obszaru, lecz na tym samym obszarze lądowym (przeważnie kontynent). Może być otoczona terytorium innego państwa lub jednostki administracyjnej, stanowi wtedy jednocześnie enklawę
referendum
Nagranie dostępne na portalu epodreczniki.pl Nagranie słówka: referendum
referendum - forma demokracji bezpośredniej, w której głosujący wyrażają swoją opinię o konkretnych propozycjach
state
Nagranie dostępne na portalu epodreczniki.pl Nagranie słówka: state
państwo - forma organizacji społeczeństwa mająca monopol na stanowienie i wykonywanie prawa na określonym terytorium. Ma zdolność do nawiązywania i utrzymywania stosunków dyplomatycznych z innymi państwami.
na on
Nagranie dostępne na portalu epodreczniki.pl Nagranie słówka: nation
naród - wspólnota o podłożu etnicznym, gospodarczym, politycznym, społecznym i kulturowym wytworzona w procesie dziejowym, przejawiająca się w świadomości swych członków.
Lesson plan (Polish)
Temat: Czym jest państwo? Podstawy współczesnego podziału politycznego świata. Przemiany w Europie.
Adresat
Uczniowie klasy VI szkoły podstawowej Podstawa programowa
VII Geografia Europy: położenie i granice kontynentu; podział polityczny Europy; główne cechy środowiska przyrodniczego Europy.
Uczeń:
2) przedstawia podział polityczny Europy oraz rolę Unii Europejskiej w przemianach społecznych i gospodarczych kontynentu.
Ogólny cel kształcenia
Uczniowie omówią podstawy podziału politycznego świata oraz zmiany na mapie politycznej Europy Kompetencje kluczowe
porozumiewanie się w językach obcych;
kompetencje informatyczne;
umiejętność uczenia się.
Kryteria sukcesu Uczeń nauczy się:
wyjaśniać czym jest państwo;
omówiać zmiany w układzie państw na mapie politycznej świata powstałe po 1989 roku oraz przyczyny tych zmian;
charakteryzować zmiany na mapie politycznej Europy.
Metody/techniki kształcenia aktywizujące
dyskusja.
podające
pogadanka.
programowane
z użyciem komputera;
z użyciem e‑podręcznika.
praktyczne
ćwiczeń przedmiotowych.
Formy pracy
praca indywidualna;
praca w grupach;
praca całego zespołu klasowego.
Środki dydaktyczne e‑podręcznik;
tablica interaktywna, tablety/komputery.
Faza wstępna
Prowadzący lekcję określa cel zajęć i wspólnie z uczniami ustala kryteria sukcesu.
Nauczyciel prosi uczniów o skojarzenia z pojęciem państwo. Za pomocą burzy mózgów uczniowie podają skojarzenia, które zapisywane są na mapie mentalnej tworzonej na tablicy interaktywnej.
Każda informacja jest szczegółowo interpretowana przez autora/ucznia.
Nauczyciel odtwarza nagranie abstraktu. Co jakiś czas zatrzymuje je, prosząc uczniów, by opowiedzieli własnymi słowami to, co przed chwilą usłyszeli. W ten sposób uczniowie ćwiczą słuchanie ze zrozumieniem.
Faza realizacyjna
Nauczyciel zadaje pytanie, co zadecydowało o współczesnym politycznym podziale świata?
Rozmowa. Nauczyciel odwołuje się do wydarzeń historycznych, które zadecydowały o politycznym podziale świata. Nauczyciel wyświetla z e‑podręcznika mapy Podział polityczny Afryki w 1913 roku i Dekolonizacja Afryki. Analiza mapy przez cały zespół klasy. Wyciągać wnioski.
Nauczyciel korzysta z mapy. Podaje przykład zjednoczenia i podziału krajów po upadku „żelaznej kurtyny”. Uczniowie analizują i wyciągają wnioski. Uczniowie wskazują Republikę Czeską i Słowację na mapie Europy. Kiedyś te państwa były jednym krajem - Czechosłowacją. Uczniowie poszukują informacji na temat przyczyn tej dezintegracji w zasobach Internetu. Nauczyciel podaje przykład Niemiec, które z kolei w czasie wielkich zmian politycznych połączyły się. Uczniowie szukają w Internecie informacji dotyczących powodów zjednoczenia Niemiec. Dyskusja.
Uczniowie utrwalają zdobyte informacje, omawiając je ze swoimi najbliższymi sąsiadami (metoda
„powiedz sąsiadowi”).
Nauczyciel wykorzystuje tekst abstraktu do pracy indywidualnej lub w parach według następujących kroków: 1) pobieżne przejrzenie tekstu, 2) postawienie pytań, 3) dokładne czytanie, 4) streszczenie poszczególnych części tekstu, 5) powtórzenie treści lub przeczytanie całego tekstu.
Faza podsumowująca
Nauczyciel prosi, aby uczniowie samodzielnie wykonali wskazane ćwiczenie interaktywne.
Praca domowa
Odsłuchaj w domu nagrania abstraktu. Zwróć uwagę na wymowę, akcent i intonację. Naucz się prawidłowo wymawiać poznane na lekcji słówka.
Wykonaj w domu notatkę z lekcji metodą sketchnotingu.
W tej lekcji zostaną użyte m.in. następujące pojęcia oraz nagrania
Pojęcia
enclave
Nagranie dostępne na portalu epodreczniki.pl Nagranie słówka: enclave
enklawa - aterytorium państwa A lub jego fragment w obrębie terytorium państwa B z punktu widzenia państwa B
exclave
Nagranie dostępne na portalu epodreczniki.pl
Nagranie słówka: exclave
eksklawa - część terytorium państwa lub innej jednostki administracyjnej, położona w oddzieleniu od głównego jego obszaru, lecz na tym samym obszarze lądowym (przeważnie kontynent). Może być otoczona terytorium innego państwa lub jednostki administracyjnej, stanowi wtedy jednocześnie enklawę
referendum
Nagranie dostępne na portalu epodreczniki.pl Nagranie słówka: referendum
referendum - forma demokracji bezpośredniej, w której głosujący wyrażają swoją opinię o konkretnych propozycjach
state
Nagranie dostępne na portalu epodreczniki.pl Nagranie słówka: state
państwo - forma organizacji społeczeństwa mająca monopol na stanowienie i wykonywanie prawa na określonym terytorium. Ma zdolność do nawiązywania i utrzymywania stosunków dyplomatycznych z innymi państwami.
na on
Nagranie dostępne na portalu epodreczniki.pl Nagranie słówka: nation
naród - wspólnota o podłożu etnicznym, gospodarczym, politycznym, społecznym i kulturowym wytworzona w procesie dziejowym, przejawiająca się w świadomości swych członków.
Teksty i nagrania
Nagranie dostępne na portalu epodreczniki.pl Nagranie abstraktu
What does the „state” mean? Basics of the contemporary political division of the world. Changes in Europe.
A political map shows the distribution of countries around the world – this is basic knowledge. A more detailed analysis reveals that the subject is slightly more complex. A state should have territory,
population, sovereign power, it should be recognised by other countries (de iure, i.e. officially, or de facto – unofficially, e.g. through trade contacts).
However, there may be certain complications, e.g. as a result of the civil war in the internationally recognised Somalia, there has been no government that could exercise power over the entire territory of that country since 1991. Somaliland which exists within the borders of Somalia meets the first three criteria, but is not recognised by any independent state. The situation is slightly better in the case of the
Republic of China, better known as Taiwan, which lost its political importance in 1971 when the United States recognised the People's Republic of China.However, it is still very important in economic terms.
Another example is Kosovo, which is not even recognised by some EU countries and many UN Member States.
Some territories are not states, but dependent territories or non‑independent territories. In Europe, for example, it is Gibraltar which is dependent on Great Britain. In the Caribbean, it is Martinique which belongs to France or Dutch Aruba. In the Pacific, there are Northern Mariana Islands which are
dependent on the United States.
The long and complex historical and political processes have complicated even the issue of borders of recognised territories. The Kaliningrad region, which represents 0.0009% of the territory of the Russian Federation and is separated from it by Lithuania, Latvia and Belarus, is an example of an exclave. Cabinda is separated from the mainland of Angola by the Democratic Republic of Congo
Meanwhile, San Marino is an enclave on the territory of Italy and Lesotho is an enclave on the territory of the Republic of South Africa.
The following maps show the changes in Europe.
At the end of the 19th century, the world's most powerful countries finally divided the lands (Berlin Congress). Hence, for example, we can notice the geometric borders in Africa.
Both World Wars resulted in significant shifts in borders, especially in Europe. In the 1960s and 1970s, numerous colonies declared independence in Africa, Asia, the Caribbean and the Pacific. In the 1980s there were few of them left.
When it seemed that the borders around the world had been determined (the documents on the Law of the Sea were also being worked on at the time), changes began in the most politically stable continent - in Europe.
After the Second World War, after defeating Nazi Germany, the leaders of the victorious empires agreed that the countries of Central and Eastern Europe, including Poland, would be subordinated to the USSR (the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics). Germany was also fragmented. At first, Germany was divided into occupation zones, but in 1949 two separate states were established. The eastern part – German Democratic Republic – was under the custody of the Soviet Union, while the western part – Federal Republic of Germany – was under the influence of the western empires (the United States, Great Britain and France).
In the 1980s, the nations dominated by the Soviet Union in the central‑eastern part of the continent began their march towards sovereignty. The first changes took place in Poland and triggered changes in the political map.
On the one hand, the reunification of Germany, divided in 1945 by decisions of the leaders of the United States, the Soviet Union and the United Kingdom, took place. On the other hand, the federal states, which mostly included nations with a strong sense of being different from each other or economically exploited, collapsed.
The Velvet Revolution led to the division of Czechoslovakia into the Czech Republic and Slovakia. The Czechs believed that Slovaks' development was at their expense, while Slovaks aspired to create an independent state.
States should have territory, people, sovereignty and international recognition.
The number of states in the world is growing.
Decolonisation is a process of gaining independence by dependent territories.
The independence of a state does not always guarantee its development, as sometimes state independence may involve socio‑economic problems.
Lesson plan (English)
Topic: What does the „state” mean? Basics of the contemporary political division of the world.
Changes in Europe.
Target group
6th‑grade students of elementary school Core curriculum
VII. Geography of Europe: location and boundaries of the continent; political division of Europe; main features of the natural environment in Europe.
Student:
2) presents the political division of Europe and the role of the European Union in the social and economic transformation of the continent.
General aim of education
The students will discuss the basics of political division of the world and changes on the political map of Europe
Key competences
communication in foreign languages;
digital competence;
learning to learn.
Criteria for success The student will learn:
explain what the state is;
discuss changes in the state structure on the political map of the world created after 1989 and the reasons for these changes;
characterize changes on the political map of Europe.
Methods/techniques activating
discussion.
expository talk.
programmed
with computer;
with e‑textbook.
practical
exercices concerned.
Forms of work
individual activity;
activity in groups;
collective activity.
Teaching aids
e‑textbook;
interactive whiteboard, tablets/computers.
Introduction
The teacher explains the aim of the lesson and together with students determines the success criteria to be achieved.
The teacher asks students to associate with the concept of the state. Students use brainstorming to give associations that are written on a mental map created on an interactive whiteboard. Every information is interpreted in detail by the author / student.
The teacher plays the recording of the abstract. Every now and then he stops it, asking the students to tell in their own words what they have just heard.This way, students practice listening
comprehension.
Realization
The teacher asks a question, what decided about the contemporary political division of the world?
Conversation. The teacher refers to historical events that decided about the political division of the world. The teacher displays from the e‑textbook maps Political division of Africa in 1913 and
Decolonization of Africa. Map analysis by the whole class team. Draw conclusions.
The teacher uses the map. He gives an example of the unification and division of countries after the fall of the „Iron Curtain”. Students analyze and draw conclusions. Students indicate the Czech Republic and Slovakia on the map of Europe. Once these countries were one country -
Czechoslovakia. Students are looking for information about the reasons for this disintegration in the Internet. The teacher gives an example of Germany, which in turn during the great political changes merged. Students search on the Internet for information on the reasons for German reunification.
Discussion.
The students consolidate the acquired information, discussing it with their nearest neighbors („tell your neighbor” method).
The teacher uses the text of the abstract for individual work or in pairs, according to the following steps: 1) a sketchy review of the text, 2) asking questions, 3) accurate reading, 4) a summary of individual parts of the text, 5) repeating the content or reading the entire text.
Summary
The teacher asks students to carry out the recommended interactive exercise themselves.
Homework
Listen to the abstract recording at home. Pay attention to pronunciation, accent and intonation.
Learn to pronounce the words learned during the lesson.
Make at home a note from the lesson using the sketchnoting method.
The following terms and recordings will be used during this lesson
Terms
enclave
Nagranie dostępne na portalu epodreczniki.pl Nagranie słówka: enclave
enklawa - aterytorium państwa A lub jego fragment w obrębie terytorium państwa B z punktu widzenia państwa B
exclave
exclave
Nagranie dostępne na portalu epodreczniki.pl Nagranie słówka: exclave
eksklawa - część terytorium państwa lub innej jednostki administracyjnej, położona w oddzieleniu od głównego jego obszaru, lecz na tym samym obszarze lądowym (przeważnie kontynent). Może być otoczona terytorium innego państwa lub jednostki administracyjnej, stanowi wtedy jednocześnie enklawę
referendum
Nagranie dostępne na portalu epodreczniki.pl Nagranie słówka: referendum
referendum - forma demokracji bezpośredniej, w której głosujący wyrażają swoją opinię o konkretnych propozycjach
state
Nagranie dostępne na portalu epodreczniki.pl Nagranie słówka: state
państwo - forma organizacji społeczeństwa mająca monopol na stanowienie i wykonywanie prawa na określonym terytorium. Ma zdolność do nawiązywania i utrzymywania stosunków dyplomatycznych z innymi państwami.
na on
Nagranie dostępne na portalu epodreczniki.pl Nagranie słówka: nation
naród - wspólnota o podłożu etnicznym, gospodarczym, politycznym, społecznym i kulturowym wytworzona w procesie dziejowym, przejawiająca się w świadomości swych członków.
Texts and recordings
Nagranie dostępne na portalu epodreczniki.pl Nagranie abstraktu
What does the „state” mean? Basics of the contemporary political division of the world. Changes in Europe.
A political map shows the distribution of countries around the world – this is basic knowledge. A more detailed analysis reveals that the subject is slightly more complex. A state should have territory,
population, sovereign power, it should be recognised by other countries (de iure, i.e. officially, or de facto – unofficially, e.g. through trade contacts).
However, there may be certain complications, e.g. as a result of the civil war in the internationally
recognised Somalia, there has been no government that could exercise power over the entire territory of that country since 1991. Somaliland which exists within the borders of Somalia meets the first three criteria, but is not recognised by any independent state. The situation is slightly better in the case of the Republic of China, better known as Taiwan, which lost its political importance in 1971 when the United States recognised the People's Republic of China.However, it is still very important in economic terms.
Another example is Kosovo, which is not even recognised by some EU countries and many UN Member States.
Some territories are not states, but dependent territories or non‑independent territories. In Europe, for example, it is Gibraltar which is dependent on Great Britain. In the Caribbean, it is Martinique which belongs to France or Dutch Aruba. In the Pacific, there are Northern Mariana Islands which are
dependent on the United States.
The long and complex historical and political processes have complicated even the issue of borders of recognised territories. The Kaliningrad region, which represents 0.0009% of the territory of the Russian Federation and is separated from it by Lithuania, Latvia and Belarus, is an example of an exclave. Cabinda is separated from the mainland of Angola by the Democratic Republic of Congo
Meanwhile, San Marino is an enclave on the territory of Italy and Lesotho is an enclave on the territory of the Republic of South Africa.
The following maps show the changes in Europe.
At the end of the 19th century, the world's most powerful countries finally divided the lands (Berlin Congress). Hence, for example, we can notice the geometric borders in Africa.
Both World Wars resulted in significant shifts in borders, especially in Europe. In the 1960s and 1970s, numerous colonies declared independence in Africa, Asia, the Caribbean and the Pacific. In the 1980s there were few of them left.
When it seemed that the borders around the world had been determined (the documents on the Law of the Sea were also being worked on at the time), changes began in the most politically stable continent - in Europe.
After the Second World War, after defeating Nazi Germany, the leaders of the victorious empires agreed that the countries of Central and Eastern Europe, including Poland, would be subordinated to the USSR (the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics). Germany was also fragmented. At first, Germany was divided into occupation zones, but in 1949 two separate states were established. The eastern part – German Democratic Republic – was under the custody of the Soviet Union, while the western part – Federal Republic of Germany – was under the influence of the western empires (the United States, Great Britain and France).
In the 1980s, the nations dominated by the Soviet Union in the central‑eastern part of the continent began their march towards sovereignty. The first changes took place in Poland and triggered changes in the political map.
On the one hand, the reunification of Germany, divided in 1945 by decisions of the leaders of the United States, the Soviet Union and the United Kingdom, took place. On the other hand, the federal states, which mostly included nations with a strong sense of being different from each other or economically exploited, collapsed.
The Velvet Revolution led to the division of Czechoslovakia into the Czech Republic and Slovakia. The Czechs believed that Slovaks' development was at their expense, while Slovaks aspired to create an independent state.
States should have territory, people, sovereignty and international recognition.
The number of states in the world is growing.
Decolonisation is a process of gaining independence by dependent territories.
The independence of a state does not always guarantee its development, as sometimes state independence may involve socio‑economic problems.
