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Bariery w obszarze implementacji innowacji w przedsiębiorstwie – próba analizy i syntezy na przykładzie badań empirycznych

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Academic year: 2021

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1$35=<.Ê$'=,(%$'$Í(03,5<&=1<&+ THE BARRIERS TO THE IMPLEMENTATION OF INNOVATION IN THE ENTERPRISE – AN ATTEMPT OF

ANALYSIS AND SYNTHESIS ON THE EXAMPLE OF EMPIRICAL RESEARCH

Summary

Barriers may prevent initiation of the innovation process and interrupt implementation of innovation in enterprises. The article presents the main barriers of innovations deployment in Polish enterprises and consists of three parts. In the first section author describes barriers and brakes of innovation available in empirical studies. The second part contains identification of main barriers of the innovation. The third part presents suggestions facilitating overcome brakes.  8ZDJLZVWÌSQH 3URFHVLPSOHPHQWDFMLLQQRZDFMLZSU]HGVLÖELRUVWZLHPRÔHXOHFZ\GÊXÔH QLXOXEQDZHWPRÔH]RVWDÐSU]HUZDQ\ZSU]\SDGNXSRMDZLHQLDVLÖU¿ÔQHJRW\SX EDULHU3U]HGVLÖELRUVWZDVÌ]PXV]RQHGRLFKLGHQW\ILNDFMLRUD]HOLPLQDFML5R] SR]QDQLHKDPXOF¿ZSR]ZROLQDXQLNQLÖFLHVWUDWERZLHPEUDNUHDNFMLZ]ZLÌ] NX]SRMDZLHQLHPVLÖEDULHUPRÔHZSÊ\ZDÐQDREQLÔHQLH]\VNXZ\SUDFRZDQH JRSU]H]SU]HGVLÖELRUVWZRRUD]MHJRNRQNXUHQF\MQRÎÐ &HOHPQLQLHMV]HJRDUW\NXÊXMHVWLGHQW\ILNDFMDQDMF]ÖÎFLHMZ\VWÖSXMÌF\FKED ULHUXQLHPRÔOLZLDMÌF\FKZSURZDG]DQLHLQQRZDFMLMDNU¿ZQLHÔZS¿ÒQLHMV]\P HWDSLHKDPXMÌF\FKZGUDÔDQLHQRZDWRUVNLFKUR]ZLÌ]DØZSROVNLFKSU]HGVLÖELRU PJUGRNWRUDQW8QLZHUV\WHWX(NRQRPLF]QHJRZ.UDNRZLH

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(10)

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Literatura

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