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B pa3BKTHH 9THX HayK. n p o tjie c c o p y , AOKTopy reoAoro-MHHepaAOTH- 'lecKHX HayKB. IF
B aT ypnny npucBoeHa CTaAHHCKan npeMHH nepBofi CTeneHH 3a HCCAeAOBaHHH b oÖAacra neTporpa(j)HH ocaAOAHbix nopoA.PaöoTa
B. n.
BaTypHHa AaëT b pyKH coBeTCKHx reoAoroB u HH>KeHepoB, BeAymHx pa3pa6oTKy MecTopoxiAeHHH noAe3Hbix HCKonaeMbix, HOBbie Me- t o a h nporH03a, ocoßeHHO b oÓAacra npoMbiuiAeHHOH neifiTeHOCHOCTK.CTaAHHCKHx npeMHH yAOCToeHbi reoAorHqecKHe HCCAeAOBaHHH, cBH3aHHbie c HoHCKaMH >KeAe3opyAHbix, M apranneBbix, ö o kckto bhx MecTopojKACHHii, a TaKHce HCCAeAOBaHHH reoA ornqecK oro crpoeHHH oTAeAbHbix pañoHOB Hamen cTpaHbI.
BOAbLUHe ycneXH ACCTHTHyTH B OÔAaCTH CeAbCK0X03HHCTBeHHbIX HayK.
6 IIEPEÆOBAH
CoBCTCKaH HayKa pa3pemaeT BaKHeñm ne npoöjieM bi pacTHTejibHHX pecypcoB,
nonB,
cejiem H H cejibCK0X0 3HHCTBeHHbix KyjibTyp, OTKpbiBaeT nepen npaKTH- K3MH cejibCKoro x o3HHCTBa HOBbie B0 3M0JKH0CTH emë ôojiee ôbicTporo noÂ'bëMa cejibCKoro x o3HHCTBa b Hauiefl CTpaHe, nojiyneHHH b h c o k h x ypox<a- 6B, pa3BHTHH XiHBOTHOBOnCTBa.K pynH bix pe3yjibTaTOB 3a noc.ne.HHee BpeMH HocTHrjia MenHHHHCKaíi HayKa. CrajiHHCKHMH npeMHHMH oTMeneHbi bstom ro n y HOBbie p a ß o ra coBeT- CKHx ynëHbix no H3yneHnio 3jiOKanecTBeeHbix o n y x o jie ñ (p a ö o ra neHCTBH- TejibH oro HJieHa AxaneMBH m c hhh h h c kh x HayK CCCP A.
J \ .
TnMoifieeBCKoro), no anamocTHKe, npocJiHjiaKTHKe h jieneHHio TpaxoMbi, no BOCCTaHOBHTejibHoft XH pyprnn.XapaKTepHOH OCOÔéHHOCTbIO COBeTCKOH HayKH, B TOM HHCJie H paÔOT, y^OCTOeHHblX B 3T0M TOHy C.TajlHHCKHX npeMHÔ, HBJIHeTCH IMiyÔOKaH CBH3b C nOTpeÔHOCTHMH napOÂHOro X03HHCTBa. OcodeHHO HpKO 3Ta CBH3b npOHB- JiaeTCH b BbiaaromHxcH H3o6peTeHHHX, KopeHHux TexHHnecKHX ycoBepmeH- CTB0B3HHHX, yHOCTOeHHblX CTajIHHCKHX npeMHH. CoBÊTCKHe H3 0ÔpeTaTejlH, Kai< noKa3biBaiOT O rajiinrcKH e npeMnn sToro roñ a, co3aaioT Bcë HOBbie n HOBbie npHÔopbi, nBiirasi H ayxy h TexHHKy Bnepën. CoBeTCKHe HHJKeHepbi paôoraiOT Han peineHiieM caMbix aKTyajibiibix npoßjieM HaponHoro xo3HHCTBa.
npeM H io nepBOH CTeneHH n o jiy m u ia rp y rin a HHJKenepoB-ropHHKOB 3a Bbinaio- mnecH p a ß o ra no BoccTaHOBjieHHio ÜOHÔacca. CoBeTCKHe to p h h k h, npoHBjiHfl TBopnecKyio HHHHHaTHBy h H3oßpeTaTejibHOCTb, npeonojieBan ßojibm ne Tex- HHHeCKHe TpynHOCTH, B KOpOTKHe CpOKH BOCCT3HOBHJIH OCHOBHOH LUaXTHblîi cfjoRn «EcecoiO3H0H KonerapKH». CrajiHHCKyio npeMHio nepBoñ CTenenn nony- HHJia rp y n n a HHxceHepoB 3a co3naH«e cepun m o ih h u x motopob, HeoßxonnMbix Hjih npoKaTHbix uexoB BoccTaHaBjiHBaeMbix MeTajuiyprHHecKHX ruraHTOB.
HoBbie 3aMeqarejibHbie p a ß o ra ocymecTBjieiHbi cobctckhmh yneHbiMii h Huxce- HepaMH b oÔJiacTH KopeHHoro ycoBepuieHCTBOBaHHH mctohob nojiynem isi HecfiTenponyKTOB, hto oßecnenHBaeT 3HanHTejibHoe pacnmpeHne pecypcos BblCOKOKaneCTBeHHblX 6eH3HH0B.
BnecTHineñ neMOHCTpauHeñ rjiy ß o K o ö cbhsh TBopnecKoñ p a ß o ra co- BeTCKHX H3 0 6peTaTejieñ, KOHCTpyKTOpOB C nOTpeÖHOCTHMH HapOÄHOrO X0 3HH- CTB3 HBJIHeTCH TOT (JiaKT, HTO C0 3naHHbie COBeTCKHMH HHJKeHepa MH HOBbie MaiUHHbl H MeX3HH3MbI y>Ke paßOTaiOT B UiaXTaX, Ha 3aBOnaX, K0JIX0 3HbIX nojiHX, noM oran ycKopeHHio BbinojineHHH nocjießoeHHOÖ nHTHJieTKH.
BH^Hoe MecTO cpenn npeMHpoßaHHbix HaynHbix paßoT stopo ro ñ a 3a- HHM3ÍOT Tpynbl nO OTHejIbHblM oßjiaCTHM oßmeCTBeHHblX HayK. Cthjihh- CK3H npeMHH nepBoö CTeneHH npncyjKneHa aiianeM iiKy H. A. B o3HeceHcKO- My 3a BbinaiomnñcH HaynHbiñ Tpyn «BoeHHaH 3 k o h o m hk3 CCCP b nepnoH OienecTBeHHOH b o h h m». KHHra H. A. B o3HecencKoro naëT rJiyßoKHH ana- JIH3 3 3K0H0B p3 3BHTHH COBeTCKOH 3K0H0MHKH, OCOÖeHHOCTefl npOilBneilHH 3THx 3 3KOHOB b nepHOfl Boflubi, noKa3biBaeT orpoMHbie npeHMymecTBa coßeT- CKOft COHHanHCTHMCCKOH CH'CTGMbl X0 3HHCTB3, OCBemaeT OCHOBHblG BOHpOCbl
nocjießoeHHoro P3 3 bhthh cobctckoë sko h o m h kh.
Cepbë3Hoe 3HaneHHe nnn cobctckoh ncTOpunecKOH HayKH hmciot nccjie- noBanne aKaneMHKa B.
JX .
TpeKOBa «KpecTbHHe Ha PycH c npeBueÖLunx BpeMëH no X V II Bena», p a ö o ra axaaeMHKa H. C. ZlepncaBHHa no cjiaBHHO- BeneHHK) H HCTOpHH CJI3BHH, paÖOTa CTapUieTO HayHHOrO COTpyflHHKa JleHHH-IIE P E A O B A S 7
rp a ^c K o ro oTO&JieHHH HHCTUTyra ncTopHH ÄKaaeMHH HayK C C C P M . FI. Pht- KHHa «BaTbip CpbiM» 06 ocBOÓOAHTeAbHOM ABHarennH
K33axcKoro
HapoAa b KoHue X V I I I Bexa h A p y ra e p a ö o ra no HCTopnn, yAOCToeHHbie CTanHHCKHX npeMHñ.riocTaHOBAeHue CoBeTa mhhhctpob C C C P o npncy>KAeinin Ct3ah h c k h x npeMHH 3a BbiAatourHecH o t k p h t h íi, H3o6peTeHHH h KopeHHbie TexHHHecKHe ycoBepmeHCTBOBannH — saMenaTeAbiibiñ AOKyivienT, xapaKTepn3yiomHH pocT coBeTCKOH nayKH, tc x h h k h h KyAbTypbi. K Hayxe h TexriHKe npHoómaroTCH ECë HOBbie H HOBbie CAOH COBeTCKOñ HHTeAAHreHUHH. H a p a n y c HMeHaMH ynëHbix, H3BecTHbix BceMy M npy, noiiBnaioTCfl HMeHa Hamen cnaBi-iOH cobct- CKOH MOAOAÖ7KH. PaCTyT HayHHbie KaApbl B COBeTCKHX HaUHOHaAbHblX pecnyß- AHKax; s Tn KaApbT ynre AaioT cepbë3Hbie n a y n a n e Tpyzrbi n bhocht KpynHbin
BKA3A b coBeTCKyio HayKy.
Pa3BHTne coBeTCKofi HayKii, tc xhhkh h KyAbTypbi h a b t no nyTHM,
npeA"
HanepTaHHbiM bcahkoh napTnen JleHHHa — OraAHHa. EonpocaM HayKH n TexHHKH Bcë öoAbLue BHHMaHHH yueAHiOT riapTHHHbie opraHH3annn b HaynHo- HCCAeAOBaTeAbCKHx ynpe>KAeHH5ix, Ha (})a6pHKax, saBOAax, niaxTax, pyAHH- Kax. B npaKTHKy napTHÖHOH p a ö o ra n p o ra o bxo a h t oöcy>KAeHHe Ha n a p ra ñ - HblX Öiopo, napTHHHblX KOMHTeraX, napTHHHblX COÖpaHHHX CaMblX OCHOBHHX H 3JIo6oAHeBHbIX BOnpOCOB päSBHTHH HayKH II T6XHHKH.
* *
*
• Y cn e xn COBeTCKOñ HayKH sHanHTeAbHH. Ga m k o 6h a o 6h HenpaBHAbHo ycnoKanBaTbCH Ha 3t o m. BoAbmeBHCTCKan napTHH h CoßeTCKoe npaBHTejib- CTBO, Becb COBeTCKHH HapOA TpeßyiOT OT HayKH HOBHX HOCTHJKeHHH, HOBHX
noöeA.
CoBeTCKaa Hayna AOA>t<Ha b ÖAHJKanmHe t o a h npeB30HTn HayKy 3a- py6e>KHbix CTpaH na Bcex ynacTKax. 3to TpeöyeT AanbH eñinero noA^eMa HayraoH paöoTbi, ycxpaHeHHH eure HMeiorrrHXCH HeAOCTamoB b paöoTe Hayn- Ho-nceAeAOBaTeAbCKHX yupe>KAeHHH.CymecTBeHHbiM HeAociarKOM b opraHH3annn HaynHbix HCCAeAOBaHnn b pHAe CAynaen hbahctch paapbiB MerKAy CTeneHbio paspaôoTKH Bonpoca b hc- CAeAOBaTeAbCKHX OpraHH3amiHX H TpeÖOBaHHHMH, KOTOpbie npeAT^HBAHIOTCH AAH BHeApeHHH TOTO HAH KHOTO OTKpblTHH, H306peTeHHfl B >KH3Hb. MaCTO Ha- yHHO-nccAeAOBaTeAbCKHe opraHH3auHH cHHTaroT CBoro paßoTy 3aKOHneHHon, KoTAa HOBbiH nponecc, HOBan peaKuna HCCAeAOBaHbi Jiniub b npoöHpKax.
B
T3.KOM BHAe, eCTeCTBeHHO, npOMHUIAeHHOCTb He MOJKeT HCn0Ab30B3Tb pe3yAbT3Tbi TpyAa yuëHbix. JHah 6oAee m npoK oro HcnoAb30BaHHH aocthjkc- HHH COBeTCKOñ HayKH H TexHHKH HeOÖXOAHMO AOBOAHTb paÖOTbl B HayUHblX opraHH3anHHX ao noAynpoMbiuiAeHHbix MacurraöoB, a Tañare 3HauHTeAbHO yAynm nTb AeHTenbuocTb sKcnepHMeHTaAbHbix 6a3, nexoB h AaßopaTopun npeAnpHHTHH, KOTopne a o a>k h h npouoAHTb A onoA m neA buyio paöoTy HaA nepeAaHHbiM k peaAH3anHH OTiípnraeM h tcm caMbiM co3AaßaTb npeAnocbiAKH flAH ero ßbiCTporo BHeApeHHfl.B HauiHX HaynHO-HCCAeAOBaTeAbCKHX HHCTHTyTax, yqpe>KAeHHHx h By3ax ccTb eure paöoTHHKH, KOTopne He nyBCTByKJT oTBeTCTBeHHOCTH nepeA coßeT- ckhm HapoAOM, He BbinonninoT CBoero n a rp n o ra n e c K o ro AOAra. EcTb eruë HHCTHTyTH h HccAeAOBaTeAbCKHe opranH3annH, KOTopne 3a to a h CBoero
8 IIE P E H 0 I3 A ÍI
CymeCTBOBaHHH He AajIH CKOJIbKO-HH6y£b 3HaHHTeJIbHbIX paÓOT. üaJKe B xex opraHH3auHax, r ^ e OTAejibHbie rp y n n b i ynénbix yAocToeHbi Ct3jihhckhx npe- m h h, ecTb eme He M ajio HayHHbix pa6oTHHKOB, KOTopbie HHnero ne aa/m coBeTCKOH Hayxe h Texniiice.
K p yn u b ie HeaocTaTKH HiieiOT mccto b oójiacTH oSmecTBei-mbix nayK.
CpeflK padoT, yAocToenHbix GrajiHHCKOH npeMHH, HeT p a 6 o r no 4)hjioco4)h h. CoBercKne (Jmjiocotjjhi AOJirnubi jiHKBHAHpoBaTb oTCTaBanne b CBoeñ pa6ore, AOJIJKHbl CMejlO pa3pa6aTbIB3Tb aKTyaJIbHbie Bonpocbl MapKCHCTCKO-JieHHHCKOH c})Hjioeo(})HH, oóoSmaTb o iim t oSmecTBeHHoro pasBHTHH h aaHHbie coBpeMeH- iió h HayKH, BecTH pemHTejibHyío 6opb6y npoTim pacTJieHHoñ 6yp>Kya3HOií
HfleojiorHH.
O SpamaeT Ha ce6n BHKMaHne xaKm e tot clarar, hto paSoraHKH
Hanmx
nccjiejioBaTejibCKHX sKOHOMH'ie'CKHX hhcthtytob 3a nocae/m ee BpeMH He C03- fla jin cepbesHbix Haynubix TpyaoB no coBeTCKOH 3KOHOMHKe. Bh bu ih h Hhcth- TyT MHpOBOTO X03HHCTB8 H MHpOBOH nOJIHTHKH BbinyCTHJI pHfl HeMapKCHCTCKHX paÓOT, B KOTOpblX BOnpOCbl 3K0H0MHKH KanHTaJIHCTHHeCKHX CTpaH Tp a KTy ¡OT- ca e rro3HUHH 6vp>Kya3HOH MeTOAOJiormi. rie p e a 3Kohomhct3mh ctoht ce p b é i- Han 3a^ana cosaaHHs naynHbix TpyaoB no coBeTCKoñ SKOHOMHKe, o6o6m a¡o- m n x npaKTHKy connajincT unecK oro CTponTejibCTBa. SnoHOMncTbi aojdkhh AaTb mapKCHCTCKnn anajiH3 nponeccoB fla jib n e n m e ro yrjjyÓJieHHH o óm ero Kpn3nca KannTaJiH3Ma, pa3o6jianaTb 6yp>Kya3Hy¡o a n o jio re ra K y K anm ajincTH - necKoñ cncTeMbi xo3nficTBa.CoBeTCKHe HCTÓpHKH, AaBnme nenHbie Tpynbi no ncTopnn ApeBHero ne- pnoaa n cpeAKeBeKOBbs, HeaocTaTonno b h h m3hhh y /ie jin jin H3ynennio hcto- pnn noBoro BpeMenn. M a jio ca ejiajiH coBeTCKne hctophkh b o 6 jia c ™ H3yneHHH ncTopnn ccBeTCKoro nepnofla. Z lo jir coBeTCKHx ncropt-iKOB — SbicTpee jih k bh- JU-ipOBaTb 3TH HeaocTaTKH.
CoBercKan HayKa mweeT caMbie ójiai'anpnaTH bie ycjioB im a jih CBoero pa3EHTHH. CoBeTCKaa nayKa, noMorarouiaa ABHraTb Bnepéa TexHHnecKiiñ nporpecc, b cboko onepeab, onnpaeTcn Ha nepeaoByio, conHajiHCTmiecKyro MarepHajibHO-TexHHnecKyio 6a3y Harnero xo3HHCTBa, KOTOpaa ofíecnennBaeT Hamn Haymibie ynpexKaeHHH BceM HeoSxoAHMbiM coBpeMeHHbiM oSopyao-
B 3 H H e M .
Bam nbiM ycjiOBneM flBHmeHHH Bnepea cobctcroh HayKH HBjmeTCH coBMecTHaa TBopqecKan paóoTa cxapbix h m o jio a h x Haym m ix KaapoB. Mcto- pnn oTenecTBennon HayKH noKa3bmaeT, htoao c th h íc h h h Tex ynéHbix, KOTopwe He saSornjiHCb o BoenHTaHHH yneHHKOB, nacTO CBoaraiHCb Ha-HeT h n x pa6o- t h He n o jiy n a jiH fla jib H e ñ m e ro yc n e n m o ro pa3BHTHH h, HaoSopoT, rjiy ó o K n ñ c jie ^ b HCTopHH HayKH ocraBjiH jiH Te ynéHbie, KOTopbie HacTOHHHBo Bbipamn- Bajin yneHHKOB, totobi-u ih ce6e CMeny.
H a y n a b CoBercKOM Coi03e pa3BHBaeTCH nox 3naMeHeM ynenHfi MapKca — Snrejibca — JleHHHa — O rajiiiH a. CoBeTCKne. ynéHbie co3HaTejibHO npHMeimiOT Bceno6e>Kíiatoiu;ee opy>KHe MaTepHajiHCTHnecKOH anajieKTHKH.
PemeHHH U K B K n ( 6 ) no HaeojiorunecRUM BonpocaM eme Bbime noAHHJin SoeBOH napTHHHKH A y x COBeT'CKOH HayKH.
To b. A . A . JKmanoB b CBoéM BbiCTynjieHHH na cJmjiocotJmKoñ AHCKyccriH noAnepKHyji, hto 6opb6a M e *m y CTapMM h h o b m m, pa3BHTne ot HH3mero k BbicmeMy b
Harnea
CTpaHe nponcxoAHT b «c|3opMe k p h t h k h h caMOKpHTHKH,IIEPEÄOBAH 9
HBJiHromeñcH noÄJiHHHoä jB H x e y m e ñ CHJioH H arnero p33b h t h h, M orynHM u h- CTpyMeHTOM b p y n a x napTHH». 3to t M oryxH H HHcrpyMeHT x<H3HeHHO H eoöxo- Ah m coBeTCKOH HayKe. 3 a n o c jie ju e e BpeMH b p a je H ayjH bix HHCTHTyTOB Ha- HajiH npoBOflHTbCH TBopnecKHe oöcyjKÄeHHH 3aKOHHeHHbix paßoT, noflroTO ß-
•neHHbix h B b im e jm n x k h h i\ 3to B u e c jio oxcHBjieHHe b naynHyro paöoTy a pe- ajibHO noM oraeT pa3BHTHK> cobctckoh nayKH. Eure 6 o jie e innpoKoe pa3Bëp- TblBaHHe KpHTHKH H CaMOKpHTHKH Ö y je T CriOCOÖCTBOBaTb yCKOpeHHIO HayH-
Horo
hTexHHHecKoro nporpecca.
CoBeTCKHH naxpnoTH3M — M oryaaa jBH xeym aa cuna n a y a noro TBopae- CTBa. CoBeTCKHe ynëHbie rop ja r c a TeM, hto ohh HBJiaioTca aKTHBHHMH yaacT- HHK3MH CTpOHTeJIbCTBa KOMMyHHCTH'jeCKOrO OÖmeCTBa. BblCIHllH naTpHOTH- HecKHH j o j i r coBeTCKoro ya ë H o ro ■— fie33aBeTHO cjiyjKHTb CBoeñ coBeTCKoS PojHHe, CBoeMy H a p o jy , HeycTanHö öoporbca 3a npnopHTeT coBercKoñ nayicH.
n a rp hothheoK a a ro p jo c T b coBeTCKHX yaëHbix 3a CBoë BejiHKoe couna- JiHCTHHecKoe rocyjapcTBO , 3a coBeTCKyio n a y x y , CMejioe HOBaTopcTBO, k ko- TopoMy npHSbiBaeT coBercKHx yaëHbix n a p ra a JleH im a — CTajiHHa,— a a jio r flajibHeHuiHx HayaHbix o tkphthh, joctohhhx BejiHKoro coBeTCKoro H ap oja . *
*5ojILiueBłna N2 71.
IM eC TH a$I 3 ,aTI>I¿i TOM CoHHHeHMH
B. H. JleHHHa
J I . H j í b u n e e , 1
.O
ü u h k u uB meCTHaimaTbiH tom ueTBépToro m a a w m Comhhchhh B. R JleHMfla
boiiuih npoH3BefleHHH, naniicaHHbie 3a BpeMH c ceHTHdpn 1909 roAa no Ae- xadpb 1910 roAa.
OcnoBHoe coAep>KaHHe mecTHaAuaToro roMa CouHHeHHH B. H . JleHHHa cocTaBjmioT CTaTbn, noeBHméHHbie dopbde 3a napraio hoboto rana n napTHñ- HocTb, npoTHB BparoB napTHH — AHKBimaTopoB cnpaBa n «cjieBa». OcTpné
achhhckhx CTaTen odpameHo npoTHB a h k b h a3Topob — npaMbix npoTHBHHKOB napTHH, htak Ha3HBaeMbix 0T30BHCT0B — CKpbiTbix HeApyroB napTHH, a TaK-
>Ke npoTHB npnMHpenneB, npHKpbiBaBuinx tcx h A pyrnx onnopryHHCTOB. B
tom boiiuih cTaTbn, b KOTopbix Jleim n paaodAauaeT onnopTyHH3M b eBponeñ-
ckom paóoneM abhíkghhh, npeAaTeAbCKyio noAlmiKy. AHAepoB I I HHTepHauH- OHajia. 3HannTejibHoe Mecro 3aHHMaiOT p a dora, nocBnméHHbie H3yneHHio n
ododineHHio onbiTa peBOAiouHH 1905— 1907 toaob.
B mecrnaAnaTOM tomo nenaTaetCH BoceMb npoH3B€AeHHH, BnepBbie BKjnonénHbix b CommeHHfl B.
M . J
Iem-ma; doAbiiimiCTBO H3 hhx Taione no- CBHineHo dopbde npoTHB a h k b h a3topob. CpeAn BnepBbie BKAioqéHHbix b Co- BHHeHHH JleHHHa npoH3BeAGHnn — óojibuiaíi padoTa «KanHTajiHCTHnecKHH CTpOH COBpeM^HHOTO 3eMJieAejIHH».* * *
KaiKOBbl dblAH OCOdeH'HOCTH BKOHOMHqeCKOrO H nOAHTHHeCKOrO nOJTOKe-
hhh b CTpaHe a b napTHH b tot nepnoA, KorAa JlemiH padoTaji hba CTaTbHMH, cocTaBAHiomHMH coAepmaHHe njecTíiaAuaToro roMa?
ÍIocAe Tpéx jieT peBOAiou.nn (1905— 1907 to am) Pocchh nepejKHAa Tpn roAa dcMucuoro uepHocoTeBHoro pa3ryAa h ¡HacHAHH Hau HaponoM. Coeep-
ujh'B b 1907 ro u y tuk Ha3biBaeMbiñ Tp e tbemohbe khh nepesopoT, uapcKoe npaBHreAbCTBo CTaAO rpoMHTb noAHTHuecKHe h Apyrne opraHH3auuH npoAeTapHaTa, ccbiAam peBOAtounoHepoB Ha xaTopry, 3aTouaTb hx b TiopbMbi, K33HHTb. C OCOdOH CBHpenOCTbIO UapH3M OdpyiHHACH Ha dOJIbUieBHCTCKHe opraHH3auHH.
B. H . JleHHH, xapa¡KTepH3yn btot nepnoA, rincaA: «Eme CHAbHee ctha
raeT KanHTaAHCTOB Hau padouHMH, eme narAee de3 3aKOHHH h npoH3BOA na
nos hhkob b ropope h oeodeHHo b uepesHe, eme CBHpenee pacnpasa c dop- uaM« 3a CBodoAy, eme ñame CMeprabie r.asHM. RapcKoe n p a bh T€Abctb o, no- MemnKH h «anHTaAHCTbi demeHO m c t h j i h peBOArounoui-ibiM KAaecaM, h
npoAeTapnaTy b nepByio roAOBy, 3a peBOAioumo,— touho Toponncb BocnoAb- sosaTbCH nepepbiBOM MaccoBoñ dopbdu aah yunuTOJueHim cbohx BparoB» J
Kan hh h ene tobctbob a a a c TOAbin hhck a h peaKuan, xa« hh MpauHbi h
THJKeAbl dblAH Te TOAbl, dOAbmeBHKH TBÉpAO BepHAH B HeH3de>KHOCTb HOBOTO peBOAiouHO'HHoro noAT>éMa, ndo hh o ah a H3 3aAan peBOAiounn ue dbiAa pa3- pemeHa h npnqHHbi, Bbi3BaBiuHe peBOAioumo 1905 roAa, coxpannAH cboío ch-
ay. yBepetiHocTb doAbmeBHKOB noAHoeTbio onpaBAaAaeb. y>Ke c AeTa 1910 roua HaMeuaeTca hobmh nounéM padonero ABHmeHHH. «ÍIoAoea n o A H o r o
1B H. .íle h hh. Coq. T. 16, CTp. 325. 4-e hsa. B aajibHefimeM cchjikh na raecTHa- AuaTbiH tom CoqHHeHíiií B. H. JlaHMMa AaiOTCfl b TexcTe.
mECTHAÄUATMft TOM COHHHBIIHft B. H. AEHHHA 11
ro cn o flcm a nephocoteH ho ft pea«u,HH KOHHHAacb, ■—■ rwicajï b to t nepnoA JleHHH.-—HanHiiaercH noAdca hoboto noA'bÖMa. OpojieTapiiaT, o T C T y n a e - m n jj — x o t« h c öojibiiiHMH nepepbiBaMH — c 1905 no 1909 ron, coónpaeTCH c cHJiaMH h HanHiHaeT inepexonHTb b ha c t y n ae n he» (cTp. 327).
flepBoe
>Ke
Hana.no öopböbi, OTMenaji JleHHH, noKaaajio, hto * hbm Te CHjibi, «OTopbie noKOjieöajTH uapcKyio BJiacTb b 1905 roAy h KOTopbie pa3py- maT eë b rpHflym.eñ p c b o a k iiih h. H an ajiH noAHHMaracH M accu, a CHjia a b h- XieHHfl COiCTOHT HM€HHO B OTO MaCOOlBOCTO. «ÜHKaKHe npeCJIGflOBaiHHH, HHlKa- KHO pacnpaBbi ne MoryT ocTanoBHTb hbhjkghhh, pa3 noAUHAHCb m a c c m, pa3 HanajiH nioBejiiiTbCH m h a a h o h m... HHKaiKHe c h a m na aeiMjie ho ocTaHOBHi Mace, Koraa ohh noAHHMyTCsi» (erp. 328).Mto ó h opraHH30BaTb Maccbi ä jih hoboto peBOjnouHOHnoro HaTHCKa na caMOflepiKaBne, noAHirra hx Ha 6e33aBeTnyio, caMOoraepiKeHHyio öopböy npoTHB'TeMHbix c iu l peaKUHH, Ha noöeÄOHOCHyio peBojnoHHio, npojieTapnaTy HeoöxonH.via ßbuia noAAim no peBOAioiiHOHHaH, MapKCHCTCKan n a p ra a , naprasi HOBOTO THna.
riapTHIO B TOT nepHOÄ CTpeMHJIHCb paSpyiUHTb AHKBHAaTOpbl. Ohh OKa- SbiBajiHCb nocoÖHHKaMH uapH3Ma, höo H,apH3M b nepByro ro jio ß y CTapanca yHHHTOHiHTb MapKCHCTCKyiO napTHIO, HTOÖbl 06e3TJiaBHTb H 0Öe30py>KHTb npojieTapnaT. JlHKBHAäTopbi h bahahcb nocoÖHHKaMH öypx<ya3HH, höo ohh OTpaßjiHjiH npojieTapnaT haom HeßepHH b e ro c h a m, 3apa>KaAH xoAoncKHMH HueHKaMii oTpeneHHH ot reponnecKHX TpanmiHH 1905 ron a. C osnaBajiocb, T3KHM oßpa30M, eÄHHCTBO fleHCTBHH uapcKOTo npaBHTejibCTBa, 6yp>Kya3HH H JIIlKBH/iaTOpOB B ÖOpbÖÖ npOTHB MapKCHCTCKOH peBOAIOHHOHHOH napTHH.
JleiiHH nncaJi: «CTOJibinnn cj)H3HiiecKH, nojum eiicKH , BHceAHneft h KaTO-proft pa3pymaeT HeJieranbHÿio n a p ra io — jiHÓ epajibi npsiMO u ejiaioT to >Ke o rapni- toh nponaraH /ioH BexoBCKHX unen — He3aBHCHMiibi cpeAH couiiaA-AeMOKpaTOB KocBeiiHo coAeftcrayiOT pa3pymeHHio neAeraAbHoft napTHH, Kpana o6 eè
«OMepTBejIOCTH», OTK33bIBaHCb nOMOT3Tb eil, OnpaBAblBaH... y x o fl H3 Heë»
(cTp. 224).
q Toöbi coxpaHHTb n a p ra io h yKpen-HTb eë, JIchkh h CTaAHH, öoAbineßiHKH pasßepuyjiH peniHTeAbHyio 6opb6y npoTHB a h k bh ah t o p o b cnpaßa h «CACBa», pa3o6jia n a jm h rpoMHAH h x, cnjianH Bajin Bce AeftcTBHTeAbno napTHHHbie 3Jie- MeHTbi. «M bi oó-bHBjiaeM Tenepb,— n u c a ji J Iohhh,— caMyio peniHTeAbHyio h HenpiiMiipHMyro BOÖHy h AHKBHAaTopaM cnpaßa h AHKBHAaTopaM cjießa, pas- BpamaiouiHM paöonyio n a p ra io TeoperaneCKHM peBH3HOHH3MOM h Meman- CKHMH MeTOflaMH nOJIHTHKH H T3KTHKH» (CTp. 4 5 ). JleHHH paSBHCHHA, HTO AAH yCneillHOH ÖOpbÖbl npOTHB BparOB napTHH Hy>KHO nOMHHTb, HTO JIHKBH/ia- TopcTBO — He cjivnaHHoe HBiieHHe. JleHHH BCKpbiji coHHaubHbie h HAeHHbie KopHH jiHKBimaTopcTBa, noKa3a ji BCio ero BpeAHOCTb w in npoiieTapcK oro Äb h- IKeHHH, Hepa3pbIBHyiO CBH3b HfleOJIOTHH JIHKBHliaTOpCTBa C HÄeOJIOraeH KOHTppeBOjnouHOHHOH 6yp>Kya3HH, HSOÖJIHHHJI jiiiKBHAaTopoB KaK areHTypy 6y p H iy a3HH b paöoneM nBHiKeHHH.
H enpH M iipiiM aa 6opb6a JleHHua, öonbuieBHKOB npoTHB jiHKBHUaTopos Hanajiacb c caM oro BO3HHKH0BeHHH JiHKBHuaTopcTBa. XtyxoM 3toh öopböbj npoHHKHyTbi npoii3BeneHHH, BomefluiHe b mecTHaÄUaTbiH tom ConHHeHHH B. H . JleiiHHa: «Pa3ofÍJianeHHbie jiHKBHAaropbi», « ÍIpneM bi jiHKBHuaTopoB h napTHHHbie 3ananH öojibineBHKOB», «O neKOTopbix »CTonHHKax coßpeMeHHoro HÁeHHOTO pa36p0Aa», «TojIOC» JIHKBHUaTOpOB npOTHB napTHH (OTBeT « Tojio- cy Com iaji-ZleMO'KpaTa»)», «3aMCTKH nyöjiHUHCTa», «OTKpbiToe nncbiwo ko BceM couHaji-AeMOKpaTaM nap ra ïm aM » h p h a A p y rn x .
r.nyöoKaH Bepa b c h a m paßonero
KAacca,
b to, hto oh nocrpoiHT h o t- ctoht CBOio napTHio b öopböe npoTHB Bcex eë BparoB, npoHH3bmaeT npoH3Be- ÄeHHH JleHHua. «...riepeAOBbie paOonne,— nncaA JleHHH,— 6yAyT CTpoHTb hnocTpoHT peBOAHDUHOHHyio coHHaA-AeMOKpaTHnecKyio napraio b me c t e c TeMH, KTO XOH6T HM B 3T0M nOMOHb, n p O T H B TeX, KTO He XOHeT HAH IieCnO-
c o ß e H b 3TOM noMOHb» (cTp. 85). OmipaHCb na nepeAOBbix paßonnx, JleHHH
12 JI. Il.JILH'IEB, T. OBHHKHH
H CTajIHH nOCTpOHJlK H 3aKaJIHJTH nOflJIHHHO peBOJIfOflHOHHyiO MapKCHCTCKyiO napTHio,
napTHK)
hoboto Tiina, óojibmeBMCTCKyio n ap ra io.Üyxo.M BOHHCTByiomeñ ôojihmeBHCTCKofl napraHHocTH n p o H iiK iiy ra
Bee
npOH3B6H6HHH JleHHHa.B
3THX npOH3BefleHHHX JleHHH TpeÔOBajI, HTOÖbl napTHHHOCTb He TOJibKO n po B o srjia m a jia cb Ha cjiOBax, ho h npoBOfliiJiacb noBcenHeBHo Ha npaKTHKe, noflTBepiK flajiacb flejiaM H. « ...Hmchho noTOMy,—rOBOpHJI JleHHH,— HTO MbI OTCTHHBaeM napTHHHOCTb npHHHHIIHajIbHO, B HHT6- pecax niHpoKHx Macc, b HHTepecax hx ocBoöoncaeHHH ot bchkoto pona 6yp-
>Kya3Hbix BjiHHHHH, b H H T e p e c a x nojiHOH h n o jm e fiu ie fi hchocth KjiaccoBbix rpynnHpoBOK, hm chho n03T0My_ naM Haflo BceMH CHjiaMH floÖHBaTbcn Toro h exponíanm e cjieflHTb 3a t6m v htoöbi napTHHHOCTb 6bijia n e c j i o b o m TOJibKO, a n e Ji o M» (cTp. 4 7 ).
B
npoH3.BeneHHHX, naneHaTanubix b uiecTnanuaTOM TOMe:«0
cjipaKUHH CTOpOHHHKOB 0T30BH3Ma H ÖOTOCTpOHTeJIbCTBa», «B ecefla C neTepÖypFCKHMH ßojibuieBHKaMH», «rio3opHbiH npoßaji», «O rp y n n e «B nepëfl», «O (JjpaKUHH«BnepÖAOBIieB» Il flpyTHX,— JleHHH H306jIHHlIJI JIHKBHflaTOpCKyiO CyiUHOCTb (JjpàKHHH 0T3OBHÇT0B, BnepëflOBneB, noKa3aji, Kax ohh nbrraioTCH npoTauiHTb b cpefly paöonero Kjiacca n ofl jukhboh BbiBecKoii «npojieTapcK ofi çJihjioco- 4>h h» h «npojieTapcK oii KyjibTypbi» peaKUHOHiibie öypxiyasH bie unen, nbrra-
¡OTC5T noflHHHHTb nponeTapnaT 6yp>Kya3iioii H fle o flo n m h nojiHTHKe.
F jia B H b lH BflOXHOB H Te Jlb H OpraHH3aTOp (jip a K U H H OT30BHCTOB — B o rfla - HOB (MaKCHMOß) — 6bIJI HCKJIIOHÖH H3 piIflOB ÖOJIbUieBIIKOB emë B HIOHe 1909 ro fla . H o BorflanoB h e ro ctopohhhkh ne npeKpaTHJiH CBoefl anTHnap- THHHOM, nOflpblBHOH fleHTejTbHOCTH.
B aeKaöpe 1909 ro fla , no HHHUnaTHBe EorflanoBa h Ajiei<ciiHCKoro, oßpa- soBajiacb aHTHnapTHÖHan rpynna «Bnepëfl», b KOTopyro boiujih o tso bh c th, yjlbTHMflTHCTbl, ßorOCTpOHTejIH.
J le H H H H a 3 b iB a ji ö o rfla H O B C K y io r p y n n y c jip a K m ie ß K a p H K a T y p .H b ix ÖOJIbUieBHXOB, ( fip a K U H e fl «Ö O lK e C T B e H H b lX 0 T 3 0 B H C T 0 B » . lÜ T a O 4> paK H H H ,
no
B b ip a iK e H H K ) J le H H H a , COCTOHfl H3 H e n p H 3 H a H H b IX (JlHJIOCOCjlOB, O CM eH HHblX 6 o -
rocTpoHTejieß,
y n m i e n n b i x b a n a p x n c T C K O M n e flO M b ic jiH H höecuiaöaumofi
p e - BOJHOHHOHHOH C¡ipa3e 0 T 3 0 B H C T 0 B , 3 a o y fą B U IH X C H y jIb T H M ä T H C T O B . B c iO 3 T y p a 3 H O in ë p c T H y io n y ö jiH K y o Ó B e flH H H jio o f ln o — H eH aB H C Tb k ö o jib in e B H C T C K o ß r a 3 e T e « É Ip o jie T a p H H » , p y K O B O flH M o ß J le H H H H M , k ö o jib iu e B H C T C K O M y u e iiT p y , H e y c b in n o C T O H B m eM y H a e r p a m e H H T e p e c o BnapTHH,
n a e r p a n i e hhctoth M apKCHCTCKOH peBOJIIOHHOHHOH T e o p H H .B
CBoefl noapbiBHofl paö ore ctopohhhkh stoh (jipaK iinnrapH-öerajiH
k npHëMaM, xapaKTepHbiM ä jih onnopTyHHCTOB, BparoB napTHH,— cTpeMHJiHCb saTyuieiBaTb npHHmmHajibHbie pacxoiKAeHHH, 3aMOJinaTb H fleß im e cnopbi,■HOflMeHHTb HX O p r aH H3 a H H O H H bl MH KOH(J)JIHKTaMH, HpeflCTaBHTb fleJIO T3KHM OÖpa30M, HTO HX O Ö H J ie m H3JIHILIHeß JIHHHOH pC3KO'CTbIO, HCCnp3Be HJIHBO yCTpaiHHJlH H T. fl. H3BeCTHO, HTO nOflOÖHbie nipHÖMbl 6opb6bI npOTHB napTHH npHMOHHJiHCb eë sparaM H h no3fl,Hee.
Bparn
napTHH h H a p o fla — TpoiiKHCTbi, öyxapKHUbi h npoHaa neHHCTb — umpoKO Hcnoflb30BajiH sth npneMbi b CBoefl rnycHoß noflpbiBHOH fleHTejibHocra, «anpaßjieHHofi npoTHß napTHH h coseT- CKoro napofla.OcOÖeHHOCTb 0T30BHCT0B — «JTHKBHflaTOpOB H3H3HaHKy» — COCTOHJia B TOM, HTO OHH CBOK) JIHKBHflaTOpCKyiO CyiflHOCTb npHKpblBajIH «JieBOH» (j)p330H, h b n epnofl, Korfla oahoh h3 3aflan n a p ra n HBjiajiocb ncnojib30BaHHe Bcex JierajIbHblX B03M0JKH0CTeß, OtpßUaflH HeO'ÖXOflHMOCTb HCH0JIb30BaHHH 3THX JierajIbHMX B03M0>KH0CTeß, B OCOÖeHHOCTH TpHÖyHbl ToCyflapCTBeHHOß flyM bl, H KpHHaJIH 0 «ÖOeBblX flpyiK'HHaX» H T. n.
Pa3o6jianaH n c e B flo p e B O J n o iiH O H H b ie (})p a 3 b i ot3obhctob, JleHHH n o K a s a n , HTO «OT30BHCTCKHe n y C T O M e jIH » a a y H H J IH HeCKOJIbKO ÖOJIbUieBHCTCKHX J I0 3 V H - rO B , HO pO BHëXO HbKO B HHX HHHeTO He nO HHJIH; He riO H H JIII OCOÔeHHOCTPH T a K - THKH, K O T O pyiO 0 6 H 3 a H b I n p O B O flH T b peBOJHOHHOHHbie M apKCH'CTbl, yH H T b IB 3 H K O H K p e T H y io H C T o p H H e c K y K ) o ö c T a n o B K y — b fla H H O M c f ly n a e o ß c T a n o s K y p e - aiKUHH.
mECTHAZtUATBIÖ TOM COHHHEHHÜ B. H. AEHHHA 13
JleHHH rOBOpHJI, HTO Ha^O yMeTb BHAOH3MeHHTb TaKTHKy napTHH, npn- ßa.BJIHH KO B'Ce'M OCHOiBHbIM, BOeOÖIHHM, nepBOCTeoeHHMM H B a JK'He H1U HM 3ana- HaM peBOJiroiiHOHHOH comian-AeMOKpaTi-iH cneiiHcjiHHecKHe s a n a ra A a m io ro MoMOHTa, yMOTb paöoTaTb n a n «op»rHnajibHoö HCTopHHecKOH 3anaqeñ».
«OpHrHHajibHOH HCTop»qecKOH 3aA aqeä», « a n K o ro p o ft a o a j k h m ó h j ih toba a paßoTaTb öojibmeBHKH, öbiJia KaK pa3 3anana peßoniouHOHHoro ncnonbsoBa-
hhh TpHÖyiibi H yM bi.
^T O Hie f le j ia j ll l 0T30BHCTH? Ohm TBepAHAH OÖpblBKH CTapblX J I 0 3 y H r 0 B ,
ßepHbix a a h MHHyBiiiero nepnoAa h ne cooTBeTCTBOBaBiiiHX hoboh kctopune- CKOH OÖCTaHOBKe, HpOCTHO ÖOpOAHCb npOTHB HCn0JIb30B3HHfl TpHÖyHbl FoCy- flapCTBeHHOH HyMbl.
yjiHHÖHHbie JleHHHbiM, öojibiiieBH K aM H b OTXone ot MapKCH3M3, Borna-
hob h A p y rn e H arann oÓMaiibiBaTb n a p ra io , AHneMepHTb, 3aMeTaTb cneAbi, BHJIHTb, ÖHTb CeÓH B rp y A b H yTBep>KA3Tb, HTO OHH-Ae He 0T3 0BHCTM, HTO OT- 3 0BH3M HX UpeyBejIHHeH, p a3AyT H T. n. 3tOT MaHCBp JleHHH 3aKAeHMHA KaK He3yHTH3ą . Oh T pe ^oe aji hchocth, onpeAenëiiHOCTH, OTKpbiToro 3aHBjieHHH o CBOHx B3r.jiHAax. «...n p H K p b iT a H HpeHHan n y T a iiH iia ,— n u c a ji JleHHH,-— bo cto p a3 ß o jib tu e p a3B p a u ia e T n p o jie T a p n a T , bo cto p a3 ö o jib u ie BpeAHT n a p THH» (cTp. 26).
JleHHH B0 3M ym a jiC íi no3opHoñ nponoBéAbio 6orocTpo«TenbCTBa, KOTopyio OT30BHCTH BeJiH c noM ooibio 6yp>Kya3Hbix H3A3TejibCTB h b y ro n y 6ypx<ya3HH, CTapaBUiefiCH B KOHTppeBOAIOHHOHHblX IieJIHX OHCHBHTb peJIHFHIO, nOAHOBHTb
eë,
npHBHTb HapoAy.«riponoBSÄb 6 o ro c Tp o h T6A bc tb a npnoöpena n oa foM y oómecTBeHHbiñ, nojiHTHHecKHH xapa-KTep, — yK asbisaji JleHHH. — K a « b nepnon peBom om iii Uenosana h 3au;enoBana 6yp5Kya3-HaH npecca Haiióonee peTHBbix MeHbuieBH- Kob 3a hx KapeTojnoSne, t b k b nepnon KOHTppeBoniomni uejiyeT h 3an,eno- BbmaeT 6ypJKya3Haa npecca ßorocTpoHTeneö H3 cpenw — rnyTKa cKa3aTb!—
113 qieA bi MapKCHCTOB h nam e h3 .cpeflbi «ronce öoiibuieBHKOB» (cTp. 30).
JleHHH h G ra m m öecnom anHo pa3o6naraM ii jih k b h a3topob «cjießa», me- rOJTHßlUHX 3BOHKOH « peBOJUO U,HO!H HO H » (ppa30ÍÍ, OHHCTHJ1H OT HHX pH Abi nap
THH. K orna (ppaKUHa
«6ojkcjctb©h*hbi
x ot30Bhctos», pasoßnaräHHasi JleHHHbiM, ÖOAbUieBHKaMH H HSTHaHHaH H3 ÖOJIbmeBHCTCKHX pHflOB, CTana B3bIB3Tb K oÖbiBaTeAbCKOMy conyBCTBKio — «Hae-Ae hoc n p as en
ahbo o ô hac ah»,— JleHHH TßepAo hpeuiHTeAbHo 3aHBMji: «H« na
KaiKoenpHMHpeHiHe
m h ho h o h aÔîM»(exp. 40).
Bnco-eACTBHH JleHHH yKasbiBaji, hto b nepnoA pea-Rim« 113 Bcex pa3Ön- Tbix OnnO 3 H U HO H H bIX H peßOJUOUHOHHblX napTHH ÖOAbmeBHKH OTCTynHAH B HaHöoAbiueM nopHAKe, c HaHMeiibmHM ym epöoM a a h CBoeñ apMHH, c Han- OoAbHiHM coxpaHeHiHeM eë HApa, c HaiHMeHbiueH ACMopajiHaaïUHeS, c HanöoAb- meft cnoco'ÖHOCTbio BosoÖHOBHTb paöoTy HaHÖoAee rnnpoKo, npaBHAbHo h 3HeprHHHO. « H AOCTHiMiH 3Toro öoAbuieBHKH TOAbKO noTOMy, HTO éecnoipaAKo Pa3o6AaHHAK H BblTHaAH BOH peBOAIOHHOHepOB (ppaSbl^KOTOpbie He XOTeAH no- llHTb, HTO H3AO OTCTyOHTb, HTO HHAO yMeTb OTCTyOHTb* HTO HaflO O'ÔHSaTe.îIbHO HaynHTbCH AeraAbHo paöoTaTb e caMbix peaKuh o h h h x napjiaMeHTax, b cawbix Pe a m i hohh bix npocpeccKOHaAbHbix, KoonepaTHBHbix, crpa xoB bix h noAOÖHbix 0praHH3aifnHx» (B. H. J le h hh. Coh. T. X X V , CTp. 177. 3-e h3A-)-
B pnae n p o h 3 Be aen h ii, HanenaTamibix b mecraaAHaTOM TOMe Cohhh&hhS:
<<;Oaho h3 npenHTCTBHH napTHHHOMy eAHHCTBy», «OTKpbiTOe nucbMO ko eosm coilHaA-AeMOKpaTaM napTHHuaM»
HApyrnx,
— oTpaxveiia HenpHMHpHMan 6opb- 6a JleHHHa npoTHB h v a h TponK oro, BbicTynaBiuero BiiecTe c AHKBHAaropaMH“TpOTBB napTHH H M 3CK H p 0 B 3 BlUI e r O CBOÍO AHKBHAaTOpCKyK) CyiHHOCTb U€HT- PH3MOM, MHHMOH HOCj) p aKHHOH H OC T bK). BblCT.yna» B pOAH «npHMHpHTejIH» H
•UeroAHH nycTbiMH npHMHpeHqecKHMH cppasaM'ii, TponKHii c jiy x tH ji AUKBHAa- lopaiM h öopoACH npoTHB napTHH. JleHHH 3aK.neiiMHA ero KaK npHCJUKiioro a H®OKaTa AH KBH A a TOpO B II OT30BHCTOB. «IlpHMHpeHHeCKaH Cppasa B'eAHKGAen- WO nOHHTa AH.KBHA3TOpaMH H OT30BIHCT3MH II BCAHKOAenHO HCnOAbSOBaiia HMH PpOTHB napTHH,— nncaA JleHHH.— F epoii 3toh cppa3bi, Ip o n K iiii, ctba BnoAHe
14 n. HJTbHHEB, r. OEHHKHH
0C TGC TB e HÍH O TepOCM H inpHCHlK'HblM aÄBOKaTOM Jim K BH A ä TO pO'B H OT30BHCTOB, c KOTopbiMH oh hh b h
ë
m He corjiaceH TeoperamecKH h b o bcë
M c o rjia - C6H npaiKTHHecKH» (cup. 308).JleHiHiH, xapaiKTepHaya ino®eacuiHe Tpouuoro «am «Bejimiaftmee npecTyn- jiemme» (crp, 225), ymasbiBaji, hto oh no/wee h ape/tnee dTKpbiTbix JiHiKBiina- TopoB, Tax Kam oÓMaHbiBaeT paöoamx, kjihhhcł b CBoeíi HetfipaKUHOHnocTii, a, «a nene mejiHKOM nonaep>KHBaeT MeubmeBrnKOB-juiKBiiaaTopoß.
B HHBape 1910 roña coctohjich n-nenyM U K P C H P U . Oh ßbiJi cobbbh bo- npeKH JleHHHy ¡nprn coneñcTiBHH cxpbiTbix tpoukhctckihx aremTOB — KaMemeßa, SuüoübCBa, Pbi'KOsa. UepeBec na n, icny.\ie m¡viejim opHiMHipemneiCKme, Kojieôjiio- mmecfl sjieMeHTbi, h6o cocTaB U K k TOMy BpeMeHH H3MeHiuica b pe3yjibTarre apecTa pana óojjbiueBHKOB. KojieôjiioiuHMCH sjieMeHTaivi ynajiocb npoBecTB Ha njieHyMe anTHJieHHHCKHe pemeuHH.
JleHiBH n¡penynpe>Kflaji, hto penie h,hh ruienyMa G ynyx monojibaoBaubi jikk- BHflaTopaMm h hx riocoÔHHKaMH — T p o u kh*c T aw h — juin najibmeiiuieH GopbGbl npoTHB napTHH. Bh ih jio th-k, khik npeaBHflieji JlemuH. U o a m i hhb mue b peme- HHio njiemyMia U K , GojibineBHKH 3aKpbi.jiiH cboh opraH «npojieTapm ñ», MeHbiiie- BHKH >Ke npOHOJDKajHI H3HaiBaTb CBOH 4ipaKUHOHHbIH JtHiK B H A 3 T OpC KH H «POJIOC cou,Haji-fl6Mo¡KpaTa». noAJibiñ usypymumK T p ou x h ii, Hojnym® neHOKHyio non- / nepiKKy ot napTHH na H3Aai-me cboch ra3eTKH, npoAonmcan 6opb6y npoTHB
napTHH.
AHTHnapTHHHaa neaTCJibHocTb jinKBiinaTopoB nocne njienyM a lycmjiHjiacb.
P pyrina MeHbiueBHKOB-jiHKBHnaTopoB oÓBHBHJia caMo cytnecTBOBanme U K BpenHbiM; mecTHannaTb pyccKHx MeHbmeBHKOB BbicTynujiH c nHKBHAaTopcxHM MaHHijiecTOM; jie ra jib H b ifi rnyp na n MeHbiueBHKOB-JiHKBHAaTopoB «H am a 3apa», K o rop biH 'J Iohhh c npeBpenneM HasbiBan «Hamm noMom», BbicTynmn c 3aHBJieHmeM, hto «ex naipram xa« pejibHoñ m opramH30BaHHOH mepapxmH yqpejKneH.HH h nosTOMy Hejib3H-n,e jinKBHnmpoBaTb to, mero y ix e meT max opraHH30BaHHoro p en oro; MenbmeBHCTCKHH >xypHan «Bo3poH<AeHHe» oGm- hbhji peaKUHOHHOH yT oniiefi 6opb6y 3a BoccTaHOBjieHiie napTim . npoTHB n a p THH opraHH30Bajica HacTOHmmñ 3aroBop. JleHHH p a c x p u n btot 3aroBop h CTpaCTHo npH3biBaJi BCTaTb Ha 3aui,HTy napram. « 3aroß op npoTHB napTHH pacKpbiT,— nncan oh.— Bee, KOMy p o p o ro cymecTBOBaame P C Ú P n , BCTaHbTe na 3aim-iTy n a p ™ « !» (c rp . 145).
ß 6opb6e 3a
napraio paôoqeroxnacca,
npoTHBjimKBmnaTopoB m
hxnocoG- HHKOB HCTopHmeoKoe 3HaneHHe HMenn BbicTyiiuiaHiHH TOBapuma Cianuna. B HOMepe
11«Coumaji-UoMOKpaTa» 6biJia noMemena
CTaTbH TOBapuma CTajiHHa«UmcbMa c Kasxasa»;
bra3eTe
«BaxHHCKHH Upo/ieTapmS»—
CTaTbH«nap-
THHHblfl KPH3HC H H3UIH 3anaHH», «U3 napTHH» H np>THe, B KOTOpblX CO/iep- H iajiacb coKpym/HTejibHan xpiiTHKa JiHKBmnaTopoB, ocy>xn,aJiocb noBeneHHe nOCOÖHHKOB TpOUKH3Ma, TOBOpHJIOCb O HeO6XOflH¡VIOCTH JIHKBHniipOBaTb HC- HopMajibHoe nojioiKeHHe, co3naBmeec5i b SojibmeBHCTCKoii (jipaKm-iH BCjien- CTBHe npenaTejibCKoro noBeneHmsi KaMemeßa, 3HHOBbeBa, P bixosa. ToBapHim Ct3jihh BbinBHHyji OHepen,Hbie 3aaanH, Koropbie no3p,Hee 6bijm ocymecTBjieHfai UpaiKCKOH KomJjepemnHeH: co3biB oómenapTHHHoñ KOHtfiepeHUHH, H3naHHe jie ra jib H o ñ napTHHHofł ra3eTbi h co3naHHe H ejierajibH oro npaKTHmeexoro nap- THHHoro peiiTpa b Pocchh. ToB apnm Ct3jihh Hanëc coKpyiunTejibHbiH ynapOTKpbITbIM JIHKBHAaTOpaM, TpOHKHCTaM, 0T30BHCT3M.
n o c n e HHBapcKoro njieHyMa U K P C U P U 1910 ro ^ a 4)aKTHHecKH co3nan- CH aHTHnapTHHHblH ÖJIOK JIHKBHnaTOpOB, TpOUKHCTOB, OT3QBRCTOB — n03AHee,
b 1912 rony, oh nojiymHji Ha3BaHne aBrycTOBCKoro. 3tot6jiok, opraHH33TopoM Koroporo ébiji XpouKHH, oômenHHHji Bee aHTHÔojibmeBHCTCKHe, anTHnapTHH- Hbie ¡rpymnbi h TemeHHH, öopoBmmecH npoTHB JlenHHa, npoTHB SojibmeBHKOB.
«CojimnapHocTb y jinKBrnnaropoB h ot3obhctob b 3to.m othoiuchhh noji- vieñmaH, — nHcaji JTeHim; — hx 6 ji o k npQTHB op'ronoKcajibHoro 6ojibUieBH3- Ma... ecTb öeccnopHbiH (|)aKT; npencTaBHTejim nByx Kpañmx TemeHHÖ, onHrna- HOBo Bbípa>KiaíomHX nonaHHemiHie 6ypjKya3HbnM maea-M, onnHaKOBo anranap-
TIIF.CTHAOTATHił TOM COHHHEHHñ B. H. ItEHHHA 15
THHHblX, CXOÄHT'CH UejTHKOM B OBOCH aiHTHnapTHÍÍHOH nOAHTHKe, b ßopbße c ÔojIbineBHKaMH...» (CTp. 188).
B xoAe 6opb6bi c JiiiKBHnaTopaMH BnpoTHBOBec aHTHnapTHâHOMy ß noxy T p o iiK o ro co3B,ají‘CH napTHÍÍHbiñ 6jiok ctopohhhkob coxpaHeHHH n y x p e n n e in ia H'ejierajibHoñ nponeTapOKOH napTHH. B btot 6a o k b x o a h a h ßonbiuieBHKH bo rnaee c JleHHUbiM h Heßonbuioe hhcao meHbiuebhk o b - n a pth h hcb bo rna se c tljieXaHOBbJM. Flou BJIHHHHeiM »enpHMBpBMOH ÖOpbßbl fiOAbllieBHiKOB HIpOTHB JiHKBHnaTopoB IlnexaHOB bto t nepHOA, ocTaßancb b pane BonpocoB Ha MeHb- WeBHCTC'KHx nosHunax, noBepnyn b cTopony napraftHOCTH,- ßbiinen H3 penaK- UHH MeHbllieBHCTCKOrO HHTHTQMHHKa «O6lH,eCTBeHH0e PBHJKeHne B Pocchh B Haqajie X X sexa», B bicTyniiji c panoM CTaTeft n p o m ß a h k bha a Topos h c i a j i noßiiBaTbca corjiauieHHH c ßonbiiieBHxaMH. JleHHH ripHnaji npeuJiojKenne Iln e - xaHoßa, h öojibmeBHKH 3aKjnoHHJin BpeMeHiHbiH c o [03 c MeHbiueBHiKaiMH-nap- THHIiaMH ÄJIH ßopbßbl npOTHB JIHKBHAaTOpOB. TaKTIlKa ÖJIOKa ÖOJIbmeBHKOB c MëHbmeBHKaMH-napTHHixaMH ixenHKOM ö bijia noAAep>KaHa TOBapumeM CTajIHHblM, HaXOÄHBIUHMCH B TO BpeMH B CoAbBblHerOÄCKOH CCblAKe. B nHCbMC b H K n a p ra li TOBapHm Ct h a h h rm caji:
« n o MoeMy MneiiHto jihhmb ß n o x a (JIchhh — FInexaHOB) 6ahhctbch ho
npaBHjibH afl: 1) OHa, h T o n b xo o n a , oToeaaeT aeftCTBHTejibHbiiM HHTcpecaM pa - 6o t h b Po cch h, Tpeßyiom H M onnoneHiHH s c e x aísh ctbhtc jibho napTHHHbix sne- MeHTOs; 2) OHa, h to a b k o o n a , ycKOpaeT rapouecc ocbo6o jk a©hh h n e ra n b H b ix opra«H 3au«ñ H3-noA rn ë T a a h kbhaa top ob , Bbipbnąan h m v M e ix A y paßoHHMii- MenM1I6BHk3Mh h AHKBHAaTopaMH, pacceHEaH h yÔHBaa nocneAHHX. Boipbßa 3a BJIHHHH0 ¡B AeraAbHblX OpraHH3aü,HflX HBAaeTCH 3AOßOH AHH, HeOÔXOAHMblM B ranoM Ha n y r a k eospoiKAeHH io napTHH, a ÛJIOK cocTaBnneT c ahhctbchho© CpeACTBO AJIH OHHmeHHH T3KHX OpraHH3ailHH OT MyCOpa AHKBHAaTOpCTBa»
(C
oh. T.
2, CTp. 2 0 9 ).B 3T0M ;«e nncbMe TOBapnm Cth a h h saKAeiłMHJi a h k b h a3topckhh Tpou- khctckhh 6nox x a x T y x jiy io ßecnpimiiHnHOCTb, maHHnoB'cxyK) aM ajibraM y Pa3H0p0AHbIX npHHIlHnOB H npH3bIBaA ÔOAbUieBHKOB K ÔeCnOUiaAHOH 6opb6e C âTHM aHTHnapTHHHblM ÖAOKOM.
B A aroA apa i6opb6e JleHHHa h CTaAKHa «a Aßa 4>p0HTa, ÔAaroAapH npoBe- AewHK) CBoeoöpaaiioH TaKTHKH cahhoto A p o n ía c na c xaiHOBOKOh rp yn n o ñ
M
e H b AI6BIH K OiB - Il a p TH H HCB 6 OA b ill CB HKH KOCTCIICHHO BblTCCHHAH A HK BH A 3 TOpO B H3 pa3AHHHbIX yueAeBUIHX AeraAbHblX 0praHH3ailHH, 3aBOëBbIB3AH Ha CBOÏO CTopoHy paôoHHX H3 MeHbuieBHCTCKHx opraHH3au,nö.B «3aMeTKax nyÔAHUHCTa» J Ichhh pacKpbiA noAOiKeHHe b P C Ü P n , cao-
>KHBnieecii nocAe auBapcKoro nAeHyivia U.K P C / I P n , noA se p r ôecnom aAHoii Kpi-ITHKO npaMblX H CKpblTblX AHIKIB H A 3 TO pOB, p 3 3 OÓA 3 HH A THyCHyiO pOAb T p o iiK o ro Ha nAenyMe h nocne riAenyMa. JleHHH copBaA M acxy c Tax na3biBa- eMbix «npHMHpenueB», noxasaB, hto «na AeAe ohh iiocoÔhhkh AHKBHAaTopoB H 0T30BHCT0B, Ha AeAe OHH yTAyÖAHKDT He COUHaA-AeMOKpaTHieCKyK) paÔOTy, a YKpenAfHOT hmchho yKAOHCHHa o t nee, yKpenAaiOT hmchho 3a o, bpcmchho npana ero, 3aTpyAHaa HCueAeHiie ot Hero» (CTp. 197). JleHHH 3aKAeHMHA JïHKBHAaTOpOB H HX nOCOÔHHKOB KaK nOAHTHHeCKHX LOaHTa>KHCTOB, noKa3aA, liTo He Ha riAeuyMe, a nocAe nero HaaaAacb AeficTBHTeAbHaH onucTKa napTHH OT aHTHnapTHÍÍHblX SAeMeUTOB.
XapaKTepH3ya ooAO>KeHHe b napTHH nocne nneHyMa, .JleHHH rmean: «To, tîto npoH'CXOAHT b napTHH nocne nneHyMa, «e ecTb Kpax napTHHHoro oÓBenH- Heima, a ecTb nanano oßbCAHHeiiaH Tex, k to AeikTBHTenbHO MOiKeT h xoneT paßoTaTb b napTHH h no-napTHÜHOMy, ecTb Hanano ohhctkh AeñcTBHTenbHO napTHHHoro ßnoxa ßonbmeBHKOB, napTHHueB-MeHbuieBHKOB, HauHOHanoB, HecjipaKUHOHHbix conHan-AeMoxpaTOB, ot BpaxíAeÓHbix napTHH peneraTOB, ot nonyAHßepanoB h rioAyanapxHCTOB» (CTp. 203— 204 ).
B « 3 a iM e T K a x n y ß A H U H C T a » J Ichhhin o c T a B H A n e p e n ßonbiiieBh kamh 3ana- 1ih n o C T poH T C A bC T B y n a p T H H . 3th 3 a A a n H J le H H H B H A e n bt o m, htoóm « H a n p a - fciiT b Bee y c H A H H H 3 C H C TeM aTH M ecK oe, n e y K A O H H o e , B c e c T o p o H iie e h y n o p H o e HCn0 A b 3 0 B3 HHe BCeX H BCHHeCKHX A e r a A b H b lX B0 3 M 0 >KH0 C T e íi, HTOßbl C O Ö lip a T b
