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pa SoxaHbl npUHUHllbl ÖOAblUeBHCXCKOrO pyKOBOACXBa npOMblIUJieHHOCXblO.
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TOflaMH X03HHCTB6HH0TO pyKOBOACXBa, OTBeqafOIUHMH X pe 6 OB 3 H H fl M HOBOÖ o6ct3h o b kh, cjK»KHBiiieflcfl b pe3yjibxaxe noöeAbi nojiHxiiKH counajiHCTHqe- CKOfi HH,qyCTpHajIH3aU,IIH CTpaHbl H KOJUieKTHBH3aUHH CejlbCKOro X03BHCTBa.
B 3TOH peqn, Koxopasi HBJiaexcsi 3aMeqaiejibHbiM BKjiaAOM b pasBHXHe MapKCHCTCKoñ 3KOHOMnqecKoñ HayKH, TOBapam Ct3jihh rioAliepKHyji, hto npaBHJibHaa nojiHXHKa napxHH b oöJiacTii cxpOHxejibcxBa npoMbiimreHHoexH AOJT/KH3 6biTb noAKpenjieHa cooTBeTCTByromeñ opraHH3amiOHHOH paóoxoñ, ycHJieHueM xo3HMCxBeHHoro pyKOBOACTBa. Peqb xoBapnma C xajniH a Aaëx H3LLUIM XOSHHCTBeHHbIM KHApaM BepHblH KJIIOq K ycneiüHOMy peiUeHHK) CTO- HinHx nepeA h hm h saAaq.
Htobh BbinojiHennH nocjieBoeHHOH nsmuiexKH CBHAexejibcxBytox, qTO B npOMblLUJieHHOCTH CCCP He TOJlbKO AOCXHI’HyXbl BbICOKHe KOJIHqeCTBeHHbie noKa3aTejin, ho h npon30ixiAn cymecTBeHHbie KaqecTBeHHbie cabhxh, iio a h h- Maiomne npoH3BOACTBO H,a noByio cxyneHb. Fio CBoeiviy xexmiqecKOMy ypoBHio, no cjJopiviaM opraHH3aunH xpyAa, no TexHOJioran npoH3BOACTBa Haina npo- MbiiiiJieHHOcxb b 3HaqHX€JibHOH Mepe y * e He xa, qxo 6buia ao b o h h u, OHa m a rH yjia AajieKo BnepëA. 3 x o npeA^aBjiHex 6oJiee BbICOKHe xpeöoBaHHH
K pyKOBOACXBy npOMblUIJieHHOCXblO. X03HHCXBeHH0e pyKOBOACXBO AOJUKHO HeyKJioHHo yjiyqinaTbCH, oöecneqHBaxb Hanöojiee nojiHoe HcnoJib30BaHHe BeJiHKHx npeüMymecxB couHajincxHqecKOH o ko h o m h kh, eë HencqepnaeMbix BHyTpeHHHX p€3epBOB JXJlñ HeyKJIOHHOXO pocxa npOH3BOACXBa.
3a roAbi nocjieBoeHHoñ nnxHJiexKH ocymecxBJieHo AajibHeniHee nepe- Boopy>KeHHe Hameií npoMbimjieHHocxH Ha ocHOBe hoboh nepeAOBoñ xexHHKH.
HanpHMep, b yrojibHOM npOMbimjieHHocxn MexaHH3npoBaHbi Bce 'ocuoBHbie npopeccbi 3apy6KH, oxóohkh h AoexaBKH y r jia , Haqax nepeBOA u ia x x Ha KOMn- jieKCHyio MexaHH3aunio, BHeApaexca AHCTaHunomioe h aBXOMaxnqecKoe ynpasjieHHe MaiiiHHaMH h Mexa-HHSMaMH. B qepHoñ mct a jiji y p ru h b umpOKHx M acm xaóax npoBeAeHa MexaHH3auHH xpyAoëMKHX h xa>Këjibix paöox h aßxo- M3TH3anHH npoH3BOACTBeHHbix nponeccoB. B,®e TpeTH paHOHHblX rHApoaneK- Tpocxanm iH HMerox aBxoMaxH3HpoBa«Hoe ynpaBJieHne arperaxaivm. B jiecHOH npOMbim,neHHOCXH XOJIbKO 3a 1950 TOA o6x>ÖM MeXaHH3HpOB3HHbIX paöox yßejiHHHJiCH Ha 3aroxoBKe Jieca ßojiee qeM b 1,5 pa3a h Ha noAB03Ke .neea—
b 2,3 pa3a. H a cxponxeJibcxBe rHApo3JieKxpocxaHuiiö h xaHa^OB npHMeHHioxcH MoiHHbie SKCKaBaxopbi, KaJKAbin h3 Koxopbix 3aMeHHex xbicaqn 3eMJieKonoB.
r io npoMbiiHJieHHOCTH b uejioM cxaHoqflbiñ n a p x yBeJinnn/icH no cpaBHeHuro c 1940 roAOM öojiee mcm BAßoe 3a cqëx nosbix BbicoKonpon3BOAnxejibHbix CT3HKOB. B nojixop a pa3a B03poejia 3JieKxpoBoopy>KëHHOcxb xpyAa no pacqëxy aa OAHoro paôoqéro.
B 3XHX ycjioBHHx c ocoôoH ocTpoxoH Bcxaëx 3aAaqa npoH3BOAHxeAbHoro HCn0jXb30B3HHH TeXHHKH Ha K3>KAOM npeAnpHHTHH. E li;ë 20 JieT Ha3aA TOBapH.ui CxajiHH yKa3biBaji, qxo «MexaHH3auHH npoueccoB xpyAa HBJiHexca Ton hoboü AJin nac h peuiatoiąeCi chjioh, 6e3 Koxopoft hcbo3mo>kho BbiAepJKaxb HH HaniHX xeMnoB, hh hobbix MacuixaôoB npoH3BOACTBa». 3HaqeHne sxoh pem aiom eñ chjim b Hacxoauxee BpeMH HeH3iviepHMo B03pocjio. JXanbHeidwañ MexaHH3anHH npoueccoB xpyAa, npaBHjibHoe HonojibsoBaHne ManiHH h i\iexa- HH3M0B — Baavueñiiiee ycJioBne ye neum oro BbinojiHeHiia HapoAHOxo3HHCXBeH- Hbix njianoB, em,ë 6ojiee ÔbieTporo pa3BHTHH connajiHcxiiM ecKoro npon3BOA- CTBa. 3 x 0 OTHOCHXCH KO BC€M 6e3 HCKJIIOqeHHH OTpaCJIHM npOMblLUJieHHO-CXH, h b nepBVK) oqepeAb kt h k h m, x a x Jiecnaa h yrojibH a a. B Jiecuoft npoMbim.xeH- HOGTH rjiaBHOH npHHHHOH HeAOBbuiojiHeHHH 33AaHHH nHXHJiexHero nJiaHa no
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hocth rp y a a hbahctch npewae Bcero neyaoBjieTBopHTejibHoe Hcnojib30BanHe M exaH H S M O B . B yroJibHoft npoMbmiACHHocTH Aaneno He na riojmyro MomHOCTb PaÖOTaiOT T3KHe BbICOKOnpOH3BOÄHTeJIbHble MaiUHHbl, KaK yrOJIbHbie KOMOan- Hbi. HHTepeebi counajiHCTHHecKoro rocyaapcTBa TpeöyioT thkoh opraHH3au npoH3BOÄCTBa, KOTOpaa oöecneunAa 6bi Hanóojiee scjicJjeKTHBHoe ncnoJib3 0ba- Hue- Ka>KaoH MauiHHbi, Kaa<Aoro MexaHH3M3. „
B CBoeft peun «H oß aa oßcTaHOBKa —- HOBbie 3aaauH x o3sincTBeHHoro CTpoHTejibcuBa» TOBapHm CTajiiHH noKa3aji nepBOCTeneHHoe 3HaueHHe npa BHjibHOH opraHH3axi:HH rp y a a , npa KOTopoñ paóoune hm cah 6u bo3Mojkho<ct Ha Mecflua b Mec hu,, h3 KBapTajia b K B a p ia ji noAHHMaTb npoHSBOAHTejibHOCTb Tpvfla v jiy m iiâ T b Ka^ecTBO npojxyKUHH. OopMbi opraHM sam in ip y /ia He Heh to' H6H3MeHHoe, pas h HaBcefaa AaHHoe. >KH3Hb HenpepuBHo bhocht b opraHH3auHio Tpyaa cboh nonpasK« h HSMeHeHHH. Peub n a e r o t o m, htooh X03HH'CTBeHHHK UyTKO npHCJiyilIHBaJICH K TpeÔOBaHHHM >KH3HH, yUHTŁIBajl H npHMeHHJi aa npaKTHKe see to HOBoe, nporpeccHBHoe, uto noACxasbiBaeT CTaxaHOBCKHÍi O'IIbIT, AOCTHHíeHHH TiepeAOBH-KOB COUH3JTHCTHUeCKOTO COpeBHO- BaHHH. A AAH stopo HyjKHO H3CTOHUHBO «3yuaTb h rayöoKO oüoóm aTb cra xa - Hobckvk) npaKTHKy, njxaHOMepHo BueapHTb b npoH3BoacTBo jiy u m u e mcto,il h npHÖMbi CTaxaHOBCKOH paóoTbi, npHuëM ne TOJibico b M acurraoe npeanpuH- THH, HO H B M€3K3aßOÄCKOM H B MOKOTpaCJieBOM MaCIUTaoaX.
Bojibiuoro BHHM3HHH 3acny>KHBaeT onbiT npeAnpHHTHH MmiHciepcTBa íierKOH npoMbiniJieHHOCTH CCCP, rae nawßojiee npoHMOAHieAbHbie npneMbi rpyaa CTaxaHOBueB paaa Beaymnx np onecen h o6o6meHbi h y3aKOHeHbi b TexHOJioniH. HeMajiyro paöory no nayueHHio h oöoömeHino nepeaoBoro onbiTa B6AYT h Apyrne mhhhct e p ctb a, ho, k co*ajieHHio, pe3yjibTaTbi stoh paöoTbi HeflonycTHMO Me/yieHHo BHeapniOTCH b nponsBOACTBO. PeAb Mano OAoôpHTb h aasne peKOMeHAOsaTb Te hjiih HHbie Mexoabi hob aro p ob npoH3BOA- CTBa __ HX H3AO y33K0HHTb COOT B e TC TB y K3LU.HM H3MeH6HHeM TeXHOAOTHUeCKHX npoueccoB. Bes stopo npHMeneHne nepeaoBbix mctoaob Tpyaa ocTaetcH aenoM cyryöo aoöpoeojibHbiM: ripoHBHji xosHÍicTBenHbiH pyKOBoanTejib HHimna- THBV — xopoino, He npoHBHJi, paöoTaer no CTapnHKe, npHAepJKHBaeTCH cTa- pbix, yjKe onpoKHHyTUX CTaxaHOBCKOH npaKTHKon TexHOJiornuecKHX npouec- cob 'h cJjopM opraHH3auHH Tpyaa — c nero hhkto He cnpocHT.
B 1931 roA y, KorAa ochobhmm HeAocTaTKOM b opraHMsannn TpyAa 6bina o6e3JiHUKa oTcyTCTBne oTBeTCTBeHHOcm 3a M e x a H H 3 M b i, 3a CTaHK« n «HCTpy- MeHTbi TOBapnin, Ct b a h h y n a s b ie a j i: «H Aywaro, uto 6mjio 6bi ropa3AO n y u m e , eCAH 6bl H a n iH X03H H C T B eH H bie pVKO BO AHTeJIH, BM6 CT0 TOPO, UTOObI 3 3 HHM aTbCH peuaMH H 3 a k ji HH a h un mh , sacejiH Ha mcchu - A p yron , CKaxteM, Ha maxTe h a« Ha saBoae nayuHJiH 6bi Bce a bt3a h h «m caouh» opraHH3amiH Tpyaa, yi-iHUTO-
*HJIH 6bi T3M Ha Acne oöesJiHUKV H HOTOM pacnpocTpaHHAH 6 b l OHblT AaHHoro npeAnpHHTHH H a A p y m e npeAnpHHTHH. 3to 6h a o 6bi K y A a ^ y u m e , 3to 5u a o 6bi AeiiCTBHTeAbHOH 6opb6oñ npoTHB o6e3AHUKH, 6opb6oH 3a npaBHAbHyio, 6oiibuieBM'CTCKy¡o o p r a H H 3 au,HK) Tpyaa, 6opb6oñ sa npaBHJibiiyio p a c e ia H O B K y cha Ha npeAnpHHTHH».
y K a3aHne TOBapnina CiaAHHa 0 6 nayuennn u paenpocTpaHemm nepe- AOBOrO OHblTS C OCOÓOH CHAOñ 3ByUHT B H3U1II ÄHH, KOrAU np0H30U!AH K3Ue- CTBeHHbie 'H3MeHeHHH b pa3BHTHH npoMbHHAeHHOCTH, KorAa CTaxaHOBCKaa HHHunaTHBa onbiT nepeaoBHKOB hoctohhho bhocht nonpaBKH b opraHH3a- HHto TDVAa B TexHOAOFHuecKHe nponeccbi. Ot xoanncTBenHoro pyKOBOAHTeaa TpeöyroTCH rAyöoKoe H3yueHne nepeaoBoro onbiTa. noa.nnHHo óoAbuieBncTCKafl HacToñuHBOCTb B a e jie BHeapeHHH ero b npoH3B0ACTB0.
BajKHenuniMH BonpocaM« xo3Hhctbchhoto pyKOBOACTBa 6h a h h oexa- iotch cH H H íe H H e c e ó e c T O H M o c T H npoMbimaeHHOH n p o A y K n n n , y B e a n u e n n e HHyTpHnpoMbiiHJieHHbix HaKonneHufr, BHeapeHiie h yxpenneHne xo3pacuéia Bo Bcex 3B0Hbíix Hameü npoMbimjieHHOCTH. B 1931 ro a y TOBapmn C/raJUiH HOAUepKHYA HeOÖXOAHMOCTb paCtüHpHTb HCTOUHHKH HaKOnJlCHHH, AOOHTbCH Toro. uTobbi Haiua THHiënaH npoMbiuiaenHOCTb — h npe>KAC Bcero M aunm o-
4 riE P E flO B A H
CTpoetme — ne tojiłko p a ô o îa jia peHTaôeAbHO, ho h ÆaBajia HaKonAe b rocy/iapcTBeHHbiH ôioAmeT. 3 i a 3aAana 6 bijia ycneinno pemena. Ho ®bICTP c.
TeMribi pacuiHpeHHoro couHaAHCTHHecKoro BoenpoH3BOACTßa, rnraHTCKHe m uiTaôbi KanHTaJibHoro CTpoHTejibCTBa, coopyweHue rpaHAH03Hbix t h a p03'1®
rpocTaHij,nft h opocHTejibHbix CHCTeM TpeôyKDT AajibH éñm ero jJOCTa HaKon H HH BO Bcex OTpaCAHX npOMblUIJieHHOCTH, ASAbHeHUjeft MOÔHAH3aiXHH bc^
BHyTpHnpOMblLUJieHHblX peCypCOB. A AAH 3TOrO HeOÖXOÄHMO, KaK noAHëpKHy b pe30JiK)UHH X V I I I napTHHHOH KOHcjjepeHUHH no AOKJiaay to b. MaJieHKO >
«CHCTeMaTHHeCKH CHWKClTb CeÔeCTOUMOCTb 6bUiyCKCieMOÜ npodyKU/UU, BCHH CKH yxpenAHTb X03paCHëT, peUlHTejIbHO BblKOpHÖBblBaTb paCTOHHreJlbCTBO»-
CeôecTOHMocTb npoAyKHHii — ochobhoh noKa3aTejib, xapaKTepH3yiom H "
KanecTBo Bceii p a ô o ra npeAnpHHTHH. HeAb3a npaBHJibHO pyKOBOAHTb npeA ripHHTHeM, He 3Haa (jiaKTHHecKHx pacxoAOB Ha eAHHHuy h3Acahh no ochobhha 3JieMeHT3M ceôecTOHMOCTH, He HanpaBJiHH AeaTeAbHOCTb npeAnpiiHTHH iaKH- o6pa30M, HTOôbi BbinojiHHAHCb nJiaHbi no ceôecTOHMOCTH h npnôbiAHM.
B ueJioM Hama npoMbiaiJieHHOCTb BbinoJiHHJia 3aAaHne naTHAeraero onaHa no CHHJKeHHiO CeÔeCTOHMOCTH npOAyKUHH. SKOHOMHHeCKHe nOKa3aTeAH paOOTb npoMbiujJieHHOCTH nenpepbiBtio yAymnaiOTca. Tax, HanpuMep, oôopanHBae MocTb TOBapo-MaTepnaAbHbix uchhoctch n o npeAnpHHTHHM coiosubix npoMbiw- AeHHbIX MHHHCTepCTB B npOLHJIOM roA y yc-Kopmiacb na 5 ,1 % . Mockobckh npeAnpHHTHH M am icTepcTBa MauiHHOCTpoeHHH h npHÔopocTpoennH na n a # ' A y io Tbicnqy pyÔAen ocho bhhx cpeACTB BbinyCTHAH npoAÿKHHH Ha 32% ôoAb- me, M6M b 1949 roA y, MnHHCTepcTBa CTaHKOCTpoeHHH Ha 2 7 % , MuHHCTep- CTBa XHMHHeCKOH npOMblUJAeHHOCTH — Ha 13,6% . B UeAOM MOCKOBCKS npoMbiuiAeHHocTb, ycneuiHO BbinoAHHB 3aAaHHe rio chhjkchhio ceôecTOH M ocni, AaÁa b 1950 roA y 6oAee 1 MHAAnapAa pyÔAeü CßepxnAaHOBbix
HaKonAeHHH. „
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B CBH3H C BHßApeHHeM HOBOH TßXHHXH paÖOXa HO nOBblUieHHK) KBaAHCjlHKaUHH paôoHHX AOAJKHa «enpepbiBHo yAym naxbcn. Hxoöbi noßoe oßopyAOBanne CTaHKH MaUlHHH, MeXaHH3MbI, npHÓOpbl — HCnOAbSOBaAOCb Ha noAHyio Mom- HOCTb HeOÖXOAHMO nOMOHb paßOHHM H3yHHXb 3X0 OOOpyAOBaHHe, nOBbICHXb CBOH TexHHHecRHe 3H3HHH. Ocoßoe BH«MaHHe ny>KHO yAeAHTb HOBbiM paoo- HHM HeAaBHO npHUieainHM Ha npOHSBOÄCXBO, nOMOHb HM OBAaaeTb TeXHHKOH AeAa AOÖHTbCH BbinOAHßHHH H nepeBbinOAHeHHH HOPM BbipaOOTKH. xoro, Kax m Hpoxo 6 y *e x pa3BëpHyxa ceTb cTaxanoBcxHX iu x o a, xpyncKOB h xypcoB no noBbiuieHHK) XBaAinpaxauHH paôoHHX, xa x 6y*eT HaAa>xeHO HHAHBHAyaAb- Ho-6pnraÄHoe yneHimecxBo, b öoAbinoH Mßpe 3aBHCHx AanbHeHinee yAymneHHe HCnOAbSOBaHHH XeXHHKH, 3aBHCHX TCMnbl pOCT3 np0H3B0ACTBa.
8 n E P E A O B A H
Xo3HHCTBeHHbie ttaapbi, BbipameHHH© h BocmiTaHHbie napTHeâ JleHHHa — CîaJIHHa, HBJISIOTCH 30JI0TŁIM (pOHflOM COBeTCKOrO FOCyflapCTBa. 3th Kaüpbl HeH3wepHMo BbipocjiH h npoaoJiJKaiOT eenpecTaHHO pacTH b HaeiiHO-noJiHTH' necKOM h aejioBOM oTHomeHHHX. 3a#aqa napraHHbix opraHH3aiiHH — neycTaH- Ho noBbiiuaTb ypoBCHb m a p kghctcko-ji e hhhckoh noaroTOBKH sthx KaapoB, yaHTb hx coqeTaTb b cBoeä npaKTHnecKOH padoTe Mory'mñ peBOJifouHOHHwá pa3Max C HaCTOHHHBOH ÄeJIOBHTOCTblO dOJIbHieBHCTCKHX CTpOHTeJieií.
HíOÓbl C qeCTbfO BbinOJIHHTb CBOH 3aiiaHH, X03HHCTBeHHbIH paÖOTHHK He Mo>KeT 3aMbiKaTbcH b cBOfo cneuHajibHocTb, a a o jm e H HeycTaHHo OBJiaae- BaTb MapKCHCTCKO-jieHHHCKOH Teopneft. ToBapnm OrajiHH yKa3biBaeT: «JleHH- Heu He MOiKeT dbITb TOJIbKO CneUHaJIHCTOM OdjIlodOBaHHOH HM OTpaCJIH Hay- KH,— OH ÆOJOKeH ÓbITb BMeCTe C TeM nOJIHTHKOM-OÖmeCTBeHHHKOM, JKHBO HH- TepecyromHMCH cyaböoH cBoeñ CTpaiibi, 3HaKOMbiM c 3aKOH3MH odmecTBeHHoro pa3BHTHH, yMeromHM n0JIb30B3TbCH 3THMH 3aKOH3MH H CTpeMHLLIHMCH dbITb aKTHBHbIM yHaCTHHKOM nOJIHTHHeCKOTO pyKOBOHCTBa CTpaHOH».
Ot KajKAoro xo3HHCTBeHHHKa ceiniac, KaK HHKoraa, ip e ö y e ic a ycBOHTb ÖOJIblUeBHCTCKHH CTHJIb pyKOBOACTBa, KOTOpOMy yHHT TOBapHIU CîaJiHH: pyKO- BOAHTb He «Booñnie», He «c B03ayxa», a KOHKpeTHo, npeaM erao, noaxoaiiTb K K a *^O M y Bonpocy c r p o io aejioabiM odpa30M, BxoaHTb b TexHHKy aeaa, BHHK3Tb B ÄßTajIH fle jia , BHHK3Tb B «MeJIOHH», h6o H3 «MejIOHeñ» CTpOHTCH BejiHKHe a e jia . Ham a K aapu ^ojijkhm HeycTaHHo noBbiiuaTb ypoBeHb cbohx TeXHHHeCKHX 3H3HHH H SKOHOMHHeCKOH nOUTOTOBKH, H3CT0HHHB0 OBJIH^esaTb MapKCHCTCKO-jieHHHCKOH SKOHOMHHeCKOH TeOpIieH.
IlapTHHHbie opraHH3anHH äojd kh bi noMoraTb xo3HHCTBeHHHKaM OBJiaae- BaTb dOJIbLUeBHCTCKHM CTHJieM pyKOBOÆCTBa, BeCTH CHCTeMaTHHeCKVIO paÖOTy no HaeHHo-nojiHTHnecKOMy BocnHTaHHio KaapOB, mapę h CMe/iee pa3BëpTbisaTb KpHTHKy h caMOKpHTHKy, AOÔHTbCH aajibHeHinero yKpenjieHHH rocyAapcTBeH- HOH ÆHCiiHnjiHHbi bo Bcex 3BeHbHx xo3HHCTBeHHbix opraHH3auHH. 3aB0ACKHe napTopraHH3auHH aojixcHbi noJiHOCTbio HcnoJib3osaTb npe^ocTaBJieHHoe mm
Y cTaBOM B K F I(6) npaBO kohtpojih aeHTejibHocTH aaMHHHCTpauHH npeanpHfl- THH. H3BecTHO, HanpiiMep, HTO rocyAapCTBO b njiaHOBOM nopnaxe ripeaocTas- jiHeT MHHHCTepcTBaM, a MHHHCTepcTBa paonpeaejiHioT no npeanpiiHTHHM MaTepHaJibHbie <})OHabi, odecnenKBaioiuHe HopMajibHyio padoTy npeanpHimni, BbmojiHeHHe h nepeBbinojiHeHHe njiaHOB. HaxoaiiTCH, oaHaxo, Taxiie xo3hh- CTBeHHHKH, KOTopbie odMaHbiBaioT rocyaapcTBo, npHnncbisaioT k or-ieny o BbinojiHeHHH njiaHa to, nero hct b aeHCTBHTeabHOCTH, aaioT 3aBbiineHHbie 3anBKH Ha cbipbë, MaTepnaabi, TonjiHBo, aaeKTposHepnno, co3aaioT b ueaiix nepecrpaxoBKH MHoroMecHHHbie h Aa>Ke MHoroJieTHHe sanacbi. Heodxo^HMO co Been pemHTejibHocTbio npeceKaTb Jiiodbie nonbiTKH HapyineHHH rocyjap- CTBeHHblX HHTepeCOB.
JXjih coBeTCKHx jno^eń n e r HHnero Bbirne HHTepecoB coiuiajiHCTuqecKoro rocy^apCTBa. >-IecTHOCTb b OTHOineHim rocyaapcTBa — HenpeMeHHoe KanecTBO X03HHCTBenH0r0 pyKOBOÄHTeJIH. CoBeTCKHH X03HHCTBeHHHK — CJiyra COLUiaj'H- CTHnecKoro rocyaapcTBa, c jiy ra Hapo^a.
Penh TOBapnina CTajiHHa Ha coBemaHHH xoshhctböhhhkob 23 moHii 1931 rofla ynHT nauiH X03HHCTBeHHbie Ka^pbi Bcer/ia CMOTpen> Bnepëx, yunT TOMy, HTO MeToabi pyKOBOflCTBa ecTb iKHBoe ae.no, KOTOpoe HenpecTaHiio pas- BHBaeTCH h coBepiueHCTByeTCH. Bceraa, bo Beeil CBoeñ aenTejibHOCTH pyKO- BOaCTBOBâTbCH yKa33HHHMH TOBapHUJ,a CîaJIHHa — 3HaHHT HATH B HOry C >KH3HbIO, dbITb Ha ypOBHe Tex BbICOKHX TpedoBaHIIH, KOTOpbie npea-bHBJIHIOT HaUIHM X03HHCTBeHHbIM KÜÄpaM 3aA3HH KOMMyHHCTHHeCKOrO CTpOHTejlbCTBa.
B b I A a í O I H , H H C H B K J i a A B p a S B H T H e H C T o p u ^ e c K o r o M a i e p M a , n H 3 M a
0 . K o n c m a u m u n o e
MapKCH3M HBJIHeTCH TBOpHeCKOH peBOAIOUHOHHOH HayKOH. Oh B03HHK H paaBHBajicH B 6opb6e npoTHB HAeajiHSMa h MeTa(J)H3HKH 6 y p *y a 3 H b ix $haoco- tj)OB 3KOHOMHCTOB, COHHOJlOrOB, npOTHB AorM I I MHTepHauHOHajia. M aT epiia JiHCTHHecKan AHajieKTHKa — TeopeTHHecKoe ocHOBaHue MapKCHSMa ne Tep- Hht Himero 3acTOHHoro, uorMaTHuecKoro, oTopBaHHoro ot h<h3h h. a TeopHH He AorMa, a pvkoboactbo k AeñcTBHio, yHHAH M apKc h dHrsJibC.
MapKCH3M — opyAHe peBOJirouHOHHoro npeo6pa30BaHHH Mupa h HeooxoAHMO AojDKeH pa3BHB3TbCH h oóoraiuaTbca HOBbiM onbiTOM b xoae SToro npeoopa- 30BaHHH. Bot uto BcerAa noAuépKHBaiOT JleHHH h CiaJiHH, pa3o6jianaH Aonviu I I HHTepHaim-oHa.ua, 6HHya TaJiMyAHeroB h HanéTHHKOB, oipuB aiom H X TeopHrO OT npaKTHKH, uenjiHiomHXCH sa 6yKBy MapKCUSMa h H3MeHHiomHX ero cym e- ctbv ero MeTOuy 3th y K 33aHHH h m€1ot ocoóeHHO Ba>KHoe sHaueHHe A-i COBpeMeHHOH peBOAIOUHOHHOH 3H0XH, K0TA3 HCTOPHH ABHJKeTCH C HeBHAaHHOH
P a H e C T P o X ™ B O KOMMyHHSMa B CCCP, CtpOHTeAbCTBO C0UHaAH3M3 B
c rp a iia x HapoAHOH AeMOKpaTHH, paaBHTHe MHpoBoro pa6 oqe^
pOCT H a U H O H a A b H O -O C B O Ó O A H T e J Ib H O rO A B H > K e H H H B K O A O H H a A b H b lX H 3 3 B H C H m m x CTpaHax, 6opb6a garep a MHpa, AeMOKpaTHH h counaAHSMa npoTHB g a repa MeaKAyHapoAHoñ HMnepuaAHCTHHecKOH peaKUHH h b o h h h CTaBaT nepeA
MapKGHCTCKOH HayKOH BCe HOBbie Bonpocbl. „OOT3TI
p «MapKCH3M,— nHUieT TOBapHm C ia jiH H , ecTb HayKa o 3ai<0Hax pa3BH-
t h h HPHpoAbi h oómecTBa, HayKa o peBOAiouHH yrHeieH H bix h 3KcnAyaTHpye-
Mbix Mace Hayxa o noóeAe comiaJiH3Ma b o Bcex CTpaHax, HayKa o crpoHTeJib- CTBe KOMMyHHCTHaecKoro oómecTBa. MapKCH3M, Kan HayKa ríe MOJKeT CToaib Ha o a h o w MecTe — o h pa3BHBaeTca h coBepineHCTByeTca» .
B M3PKCHCTCK0H TCOpilH oSoSlUCH HCTOpHieCKHH OHblT peBOAIOUHOHHOrO paSoaero abh jkphhh Bcex CTpaH, onbrr noóeAOHOCHoro cxpoHTejibCTBa couna- AH3M3 B CCCP, OnblT peBOAKDUHOHHOrO HaUHOHaAbHO-OCBOOOAHTejIbHOrO ABHJKeHHa. MapKCH3M AaéT eAHHCTBeHHO BepHyro, HayaHO oóocHOBaHuyro nporpaM M y 6opb6bi Bcero nporpecciiBH oro aeaoBeaecTBa 3a Mnp, 3a Me>KAy- HaDOHHOe eAHHCTBO TpyAHIUHXCH, 3a C0UHaAH3M.
p T o B a p n m C T a A H H , o c y m e c T B A H H pyKOBOACTBO e rp o n te A b C T B O M K O M M y- HH3 M 3 TBO paeC K H p a 3 B H B 3 eT M apK C H C TC KyK) H a y K y o 3 a K 0 H a X J>a3BHTHH o o - m e c T B a — H C T o p u a e c K H H M a T e p H a jiH 3 M . Bc h n o A H T H K a n a p T H H 6 o A b iu e B H K O B , H a n p a B A íH o m a H p a s B H T H e c o u n a A n c x H a e c K o r o o f i i u e c r f i a k K ^ M y H H S M y , CTpOHTCH H a OCHOBe 3 3 K0 H 0 B, O TK pbIT bIX MapKCHCTCKOH H a yK O H . T p y A
H B C ia A H H a « M a p K C H 3 M H B o n p o c b l H 3 b IK 0 3 H a H H H » — BeA H K H H B K .naA B c o - K p o B H iu H H u y M 3 PKCH3 M 3 . B 3 T 0 M rc H u a J ib H O M x p y A e n o c T a B J ie H H h p e u ie H b i H o B b ie H a y a H b ie n p o Ó A e M b t, B b iA B H H y T b ie p a s B im ie M o fíiu e c T B e H H O H >k h3hh h c a M o ñ H a y K H 0 6 o ó m e c T B e .
B T p v A e « M a p K C H 3 M h Bonpocbl H 3 b iK 0 3 n a H H H » pasBHBaroTCH A a A b m e no-
J io jK e H H H oaóoTbi M. B. CTaAHHa «O AHaAeKTHaecKOM h HCTopuaecKOM Ma- TepHaAH3Me», B o m e A U ie ñ b «KpaTKHH i : y p c hctophh B K T I(6 ) » . B stoh p a 6 o ie 1 M. Ctoauh «MapKCH3M h Bonpocbl a3biK'3HaHHH». rocnoaHTH3r.aT. 1950, CTp, 54 55.
P on nocneayrowHX ccbwsax cTpaHHUbi yKa3biBa:oTCH b rexcTe.
10 ® . KO H C TA H TH H O B
T O B a p iim Ct3jihh & a n r e n n a jib H o r jiy ó o K o e , u e A o c r a o e , C T p o H H o e H3AO>KeHHe H BCeCTOpOHHee p a 3 B H T H e MapKCHCTCKO-AeHHHCKOH (f)HAOCO(})CKOft H a y K H — flH a jie K T H 'ie c K o r o h H C T O p iiA e c K o ro M a T e p H a jiH 3 M a , o x a p a K T e p H 3 0 B a ji ochob-
H b ie A e p r a i M a p K C H C T C K o ro H H a J ie K T H M e c K o ro M eT O A a h M a p K C H C T C K o ro 4>ti-
A o c o c jic K o r o M 3 T e p H a J !H 3 M a , n o K a s a J i c a h h c t b o A H a A e n r a n e c K o r o h H C T o p iiA e - c K o r o M a T e p iia jiH S M a , hx 3 H a 'ie n n e aah n p a K T H A e c K o ii ae H T e jib H O C T H MapKCHCTGKOH Iia p T H H . 3jie C h p a 3 B H T b I A a A b U ie n0J10>KeHHH HCTOpHBeCKOrO M a T e p H 3 J lH 3 M a OÖ O Ö m eCTBeHHO M ÖblTHH II C 0 3 H a H H Il, A 8 H r jiy Ö O K IlH a H a jlH 3 y c j i o B i i i i M aT e p H a .nb H O H >kh3hh o ö m e c T B a , n o K a 3 a H a p o jib c n o c o ö a n p o H 3 B O A - CTBa K a K o n p e A e J iin o m e ö chah b c iic T e M e y c A O B H ii M a T e p H a jib iio f t >kh3HH,
pO Jlb KJiaCGOBOli 6 o p b 6 b I B p a 3 B H T H II O Ó m eC TBa, 0 X a p a K T 6 p iI3 0 B a H b ! HCTOA- HHKH npOHCXO>KA6HHH H p O Jlb H A d ! H nO AHTHAeCKHX y A p ö K A C H H H , OCOÖeHHO
nepeAOBbix HAeñ h hoboh bahcth b nepiioAbi peBOAiOHHH.
B Tpyae «MapKCHSM H Bonpocbl H3bIK03HaHHH» BejIHBaHIUHH MbICAHTeAb Harnero BpeMeiiH oöoraraA AHaAeicraAecKiiii h iiCTopiiAecKHii MarepHajiH3M pa3paÖOTKOH MapKCHCTCKHX OCHOB H3bIK03HaHHH, MapKCIICTCKOH TeOpilH O npO- HCXOIKAeHHH H pOAH HSblKa B OÖmeCTBeHHOH ÎKH3HH, B pa3BHTHH OÖUieCTBa, pa3BHJi Aajibiue MapKCHCTCKyio Teoprno 6a3nca h HaACTpoñKii, TeopHio coBei- CKoro couHajiHCTHqecKoro oómeerea. M. B. Ct3jihh noKa3aji 3Aecb cneuHcjiH- qecKoe bahhhhc KJiaccoB h KjiaccoBoñ 6opb6bi Ha pasAHAHbie oómecTBeHHbie HBJieHHH, yrJiyÖHB TeM CaMbIM nOHHMaHHC ABHCTBHH 33KOHOB eAHHCTBa H 6opb6bi npoTHBO'nojio>KHOCTeH 11 nepexoAa KOAHAeCTBCHHbix H3MeneHHH b Ka- qecTBPHHbie b aHTaroHHcraAecKOM h b HeaiiTaroHHCTHAecKOM oömecTse, oxapaKTepH30Baji hobhh ran CKaAKOB h peBOAioioiH b ycAOBHHX coseTCKoro coiiHajiHcranecKoro CTpoa, CKaAKOB, npoHcxoAHiiiHx 6e3 B3pHBa, nyTëM nocTe- neHHoro HaKonACHHH hoboto KanecTBa h nocrenenHoro OTMHpaHHH eraporo KanecTBa. McKAiOAHTeAbHo bcahko HaynHoe öoraTCTBO, CKOHueHTpHpoBaHiioe
b a tom reHHajibHo-M TpyAe, AaßmeM MoryAHÖ toamok pa3BHraio bcbx orpacjieñ HaynHoro no3H3HHH.
M b l OC T3 HO B H M C H AHUJb Ha p H A e OCHOBHblX BOnpOCOB HCTOpHMeCKOTO
MaTepH3AH3Ma, pa3pa6oTaHHUx b TpyAe H. B. CraAHHa «MapKCH3M h B o n p o c b l H 3 b IK 0 3 H a H H H » .
B 3T0M T p y A e B ne pB b ie b A H T e p a T y p e MapKCH3Ma A a H a BcecTO- poHHHH p a3p a6oTK a MapKCHCTCKHX o c h o b H3biK0 3H3HHH. B n e p B b ie b HayKe c TaKOH HeCpaBHeHHOH CH.JIOH H rAyÖHHOH paC K pblT bl 3aKOHbI B03HIlKH0BeHHB H p a3BHTHH H3bIK a, KaK OÖmeCTBeHHOrO HBAeHHH, OTHOUieHHe H3H K3 K n p o H3- BOACTBy, 6a3H cy, H aA C T poiÍK e, e r o p o A b b o B cex o Ö A a c ra x o ó m e cT B e H H o ñ JKH3HH. C neuHcjbiiAecKHe o c o ö e H H o c ra H3biK a, O T A H na to m ne e r o o t A p y r u x OÖmeCTBeHHblX HBAeHHH, yAHT T O B a p iim Ct3AHH, COCTOHT B TOM, ATO H3MK o ö c A y iK H B a e T o ö m e c T B o , KaK cpeACTBo o ß m e H iin a io a c h.
Pa3ÖHB ByAbrapHyio, nceBAOMapiccucTCKyio Teopnio M a p p a o H3biKe KaK HaACTpOHKe, O «KAaCCOBOCTH» ÍI3bIKa, H. B. Ct3AHH nOKa3aA, ATO B OTAHAHe OT HaACTpOHKH H3blK CBH3aiI C npOH3BOACTBeHHOH ACHTeAbHOCTblO AeAOBeK3 HenocpeACTBenno, h He TOAbKO c npoH3BOACTBeHHon, h o h co b c h k o h h h o h fl.en- TeAbHocTbio AeA0B€i<a bo Bcex cijiepax oöinecTBeHHoü >k h3HH — o t npoHSBOA- CTBa Ao 6a3Hca, o t 6a3Hca a o naACTpoHKH.
5l 3bIK HBAHeTCH H e 0 6 X O A H M bl M CpeACTBOM BbIpaA<eHHH MbICAH, OÖMeHa MbicAHMH, cpeACTBOM, noMoraiom’HM HaAaA’HTb coBMecrayio TpyAOByro aea- TeAbHOCTb, npoH3BOACTBo MaTepnaAbHbix ÖAar, KOTopoe h ecTb to pemaromee
h cnemnjiHAecKoe, ato npejKAe Bcero OTAHAaeT AeAOBeKa ot »hbothwx. C B03HHKH0BeHH€M npOH3BOACTB3 B03HHKaeT CaM AeAOBeK, AeAOB6AeCKOC oömecTBO. npeKpameHHe npoh3boactba ßeAÖT k rnöeAH oßmecTBa.
H3 noTpeÓHocTeñ o ß m e c T B e n H o ro npoH3BOACTBa h b npopecce b t o t o npo- H3BOACTBa B03HHKaCT H paSSHBaeTCH 3ByKOBOH H3HK, AA6HO pa3A eA bH aH peAb, K3K cpeACTBo OÖMena MbICAHMH M O K A y AIOAbMH, 33H H M 3IOLU,H MII CH npOH3-
BbMAIOmHHCfl B K J IA fl B P A 3 B H T H E HCTOPHHECKOrO M ATEPHAJIH3MA 11
bouctbom. CoBMecTHan npoH3BOflCTBeHHaa fleaie^bH ocTb Jiro^eñ, hjih o6m e- CTBeHHOe npOH3BO/lCTBO, HeB03M0>KHa 6e3 OÓMeiia MbICAHMH. «B 9TOM CMblC- Jie, — nrniieT TOBapaui Ct3j i h h h s h k, 6yAVMii opynneM ofim eiiH a, aBJiaeTCH BMecre c TeM opyAiieM 6opb6bi h pa3BHTi-ia oómecTBa» (CTP- 2 3 ).
JÍ3HK, T3KHM o6pa30M, o S fm n cbohm B03HHKH0B6HH6M npe>KAe Bcero noipeÓHOCTaM npo n 3BOACTBa. H BMecTe c TeM asbiK, i<ai< cpeacTBO oomeHHa MéJkay ■jnoAbMH, caM a ru ia e tca o ah h m H3 HeoóxoflHMbix ycAOBHH, AeJiaromHX B03M0JKH0H coBMecTiiyio AeHTeAbHOCTb AioAeñ, npejKAe Bcero hx oOmecxBeH-
Hoe npOH3BOACTBO. . _ .
513HK c caMOTO nanaAa B03HHKa€T i<ai< 3ByKOBOH asbiK. T an nasbiBaeMbin
«a3HK jKecTOB», no teopHH M appa hko6h npeAiuecTBOBaBiuiiH 3ByKOBOMy, He Mor CAyiKHTb HHKOTAa C a M OCTOa Te A bH bl M CpeACTBOM OÓmeHHH, a 6bIA AHLUb BCHOMoraTeAbHbiM npn sByKOBOM asbine. OxHorpacjiHfi He suaeT hh oahoto caMoro oTCTaAoro napoAa, 6vAb oh fla?Ke 6oAee nepBoSbiTHbiM^ new, HanpH-
Mep, aBc.TpaAHHUbi hjih 0rHe3eMeAbUbi n po u iA o ro Bexa, KOTopbin lie oSa b a s a 6bl SByKOBOH peHblO.
« 3 ByKOBOH H3bIK,— HHIueT M. B. CT3JIHH,— B HCTOpHH He.JTOBeHeC.TB3 HB- AaeTca oahoh 113 Tex c h a, KOTOpbie noMorAH a io a h m BbiACAiiTbca hs jkhbotho- ro M ilpa, oó'beAHHHTbca b oómecTBa, paseHTb CBoé MbiiiiAemie, opraHH30BaTb oómecTBeHiioe npou3BOACTBO, bccth ycn eu m yio 6opb6y c c h a b m h npiipoA H h ACHTH ao xo ro nporpecca, KOTopbiñ m h HMeeM b nacToamee BpeMa» (CTp. 4 o ).
T o B a p i im Ct3a h h n o x a s a A , hto a 3 b ix n a Bcex s i a n a x e r o P83bhthh — ot a 3 b iK a p o A O B , n A e M é H , hapoA H O C T e ñ 11 BHAOTb ao H 3 b iK a n a m io n a A b H o r o — H B A a e T c a a s b iK O M 0 6 lucha p o ahbi m . Oh n o x a s a A A a .n e e , hto b o ó m e c T B e , p a 3 - AeA eH H O M Ha a H T a ro H H C T H n e c K H e K A a c c H , npn na jihhhh H a iíH O H a A b H o ro iH e T a , K o r A a C K p e m H B a H H e a 3 b iK 0 B n p o n c x o A H T b n o p a A x e 6 o p b 6 b i 3 a ro c n o A C T B O OAHOrO H3 H3 B1KOB, nO Ó eAH BU IH H H 3blK C O XpaH aC T CBOH rp a M M flT H H e C K H H C T pO il II OCHOBHOH CJIOBapHbTH (jlO H A, O Ó O ra m a H CBOH C A O B a pH blH C0CT8B 3 3 CHeT HO- 6 e x < A é H H o ro n a b in a , h n p o a o A w a e T p a a B iiB a T b c a n o B H y T p e iiH H M s a x o n a M CBOerO p a 3 BHTHH, B T 0 B p e M H K 3 K A p y r O H H3bJK T e p ilC T CBOC K3H eC TB0 H OT MH - p a e T . n o s T O M y n p n c n p e m H B a H H H He n p o H C x o A H T o ó p a s o e a H H H itoboto s a b in a , H TeM 6 o A e e BHe3 a n H 0 , n y T é M B 3 p b iB a , n y T é M hsmkoboh p e B O A io u iiH , n a n y T - B e p > K A aA H M a p p h e r o y n e H H K H .
CoBepmeHHO HHbie yCAOBHH AAH paSBHTHH HamiOHaAbHHX H3MK0B CAO-
>K3tch nocAe noóeAbi c o im a A im ia bo bccám Miipe, xorAa HaunoHaAbHbiH rHeT gvAeT BCTOAy yHHHTOAíen h xorA a pa3BHTiie h CBofíoAHoe B3aiiMHoe oooram e- Hlie H3bIKOB 6yAyT npOHCXOAHTb B nOpHAKe Apy>KeCTBeHHOrO COTpyAHHHeCTBa.
«3Aecb,— yKa3blBaeT H . B. Ct8a h h,—m h 6yAeM HMeTb AeAo He c AByMH H3bi- K3m h, 113 KOTopbix oahh TepnHT nopaweHHe, a A p y ro ii b h x o a h t 113 6opbObi no6eAH'reAeM, a c cothstmh n a u n o n a jib iib ix 5i3biKOB, H3 kotopm x b pe3yAbTaie AAHTeAbHOrO BKOHOMHHeCKOrO, HOAHTHHeCKOrO H KyjIbTypilOrO COTpyAHHHeCTBa HamiH 6yAyT BbiACAHTbCH CHaHaAa nanfionee oCoraméHHbie eAHHbie 30Ha.nb- Hbie H3biKii, a noTOM 30Ha.nbHbie H3biKii coAbTOTCH b OAHH o6u ih h me>KAyHapOA- HblH H3bIK, KOTOpbTH, KOHeHHO, He ÓVAeT HH HeMeUKHM, HH pyCCKHM, HIT HHT AHH- CKHM a HOBblM H3HK0M, BOÓpaBIUHM B Ce6n JIVHIHHe SAeMCUTbl HaUH0H8AbHblX H 3 0HaAbHbix H3HK0B» (cTp. 5 3 - 5 4 ) . 3tot reHHaAbHbiü n po rn os O iipeaejiaer nporpaM M y AeHTeAbHocth k o m m y h h crHHecKiix napTiik ecex CTpaH b oo.nacni paSBHTHH HailHOHaJlbHblX H3HKOB 11 KyAbTyp, B00py>KaeT KOMMyHHCTOB neno- 6eAHMbiM opyxaieM b 6opb6e co bchkoto poAa peaKUHOHHbiMH, paciiCTCKHMH, HMnepiiaAHCTHHeCKHMH B3r.TIHAaMH H aCCHMHAHTOpCKOñ HOAHTHKOH B OTHO- tUeHHH yrHeTéHHblX HailHH, HX H3bIKOB IT KyAbTVp.
XapaKTepH3yH cneuHc})iiHecKHe ocofíeHHOCTH H3bii<a xai< oómecTBeHHoro HBAeHHH. H . B. Ct3AHH pa3BHA AaAbllie MapKCHCTCKy» TeopHTO o 6a3Tice 11
HascTpoñKe. „
K axoe MecTO 3annMaeT 3Ta npoÓAeMa b iicTopimecKOM MaTepHa.nH3Me h xaiioe 3HaHeHiie eñ npiiAaBaA M a p x c , ocoóeHHo apKo bhaho 113 ero 3HaMe-
12 ■D. K O H C TA H TH H O B
HHTOrO npeflllCJIOBHH K «K KpHTHKe nOJIHTHtieCKOfi 9KOHOMHH». Mapuc C03Ä3JI MaTepHajiHCTH^ecKoe noHHMamie hctophh, b h a c iih b 113 Bceñ coBOKyn- HOCTH OÔmeCTBeHHblX OTHOUieHHH M aiepiiajlbH bie, 9K0H0MHUeCKHe OTHOUieHHH K3K OCHOBHbie, COCTaBJIHIOmHe peajlbHblH 6a3HC OÖmeCTBa, Haa KOTOpbIM B03- BbimaeTCH n ojim im e cK a a h ropHAHuecKaa HaACTpośiKa u KOTopoiwy cootbct- CTByioT onpe^ejieHHbie (JiopMbi odmecTBeHHoro co3H3h h h. Pa3BHBaa Map- KCHCTCKyio Teopmo 6 a3Hca h HancipoHKH, JleHHH h CTajiHH pa 3p a 6 aTHBaAH 3Ty TCOpHK) B CBH3H C aH3AH30M 3aKOHOMepHOCTeH yHHUTOJKeHHH KaUHTa- JIH3Ma H 3aKOHOMepHOCTeft nOCTpoeHHH COUH3JlH3Ma. JleHHH H C iajlH H nOKa- 3ajiH, KaK H3MeHeHHH b 6a3Hce KanHT3JiH3Ma — CMeHa cboöoahoh KOHKypeH- IIHH rOCnOflCTBOM KanHTaJIHCTHHeCKHX MOHOnOJIHH — BbI3B3JlH H ^BbI3bIB3K)T H3MeHeHHH B HaACTpOHKC KanHTaJIH3Ma, npHBejIH K nOJIHTHHeCKOH peaKIlHIl, OTKa3y ot 6ypn<ya3HOH AeMOKpaTHH h n e p e x o A y k o tk ph t o h TeppopucTuue- CKOH HHKTaType, k (j3aiHH3My b pane KanHTaAHCTHuecKHX crpaH.
B Tpyuax, nocBamëHHbix coBeTCKOMy oômecTBy, JleHHH h C ia jiim ot- KpbTJlH 33KOHOMepHOCTH C03A3HHH H pa3BHTHH COUHaAIlCTHUeCKOTO 6a3HCa h ero HancTpoñKH.
Bo Bcex rp y A a x JleHHHa h C iajiH H a aHajiH3 oômecTBeHHbix 3aKOHOMepHO- CTeñ Bcerjia asötch non yrjiOM 3peHHH 33Bhchmocth HaacxpoHKH ot 6a3Hca, npHHÔM Bceraa yuHTbiBaeTca aKTHBHaa p o jib HaACTpoÔKH b oômecTBeHHOH
>KH3HH, B paaBHTHH OÔUieCTBa. B CTajIHHCKOM TpyAÊ «O HHajieKTHHeCKOM H HCTOpHUeCKOM MaTepHaAH3Me» KpaCHOH HHTbIO npoxoAHT Bbiaejiemie H3 BCefl COBOKynHOCTH OÔmeCTBeHHblX OTHOUieHHH 9K0H0MHHeCKHX, npOH3BOA"
CTBeHHblX OTHOUieHHH KaK OCHOBHbTX, OnpefleJTHKHUHX HBJieHHH HaACTpOeHHOTO nopaflKa, onpeAe.naiom,HX pa3BHTHe H fleii h yupeJKAeHHH. I lp n 3tom TOBapnm Ct3J1hh Bcer/ia npoBOAHT pa3AHUiie M em ^y peaKUHOirabiMH HAeaiwH, T eo pH H M H H yupeiKHeHHHMH, 3aiU«maK)m.HMU OTlKHBaiOIUHH CTpoft H BbipaHcaiomHMH HHTepeCbl OT>KHBaiOIUHX KJiaCCOB, H nepeaOBHMH, peBOJIIOU,HOHHbIMH HaeHMH h yupe>KAeHHHMH, BbipaJKarouiHMH CTpeMJieHHH h ueJiH nepeaoBbix oôuiecTBeH- Hbix cHJi. n o cymecTBV, 9to h ecTb xapaKTepucraKa pojiH HancTpoHKH, KaK CTapOH, KOTOpaa 3aUJ.HUiaeT OTlKHBaJOLUHH CTpOH H OTlKHBaiOIUHe KJiaccbi, TaK h hobo'h HaflCTpoiiKH, co3AaiomeHCH B xoae peBOJTROUHH, B npouecce jih k b h- A a un ii CTapbix oömecTBeHHbix nopaAKOB h tjiopMHpoBaHHH h ynpoaeH iia ho- BblX np0H3B0flCTBeHHbIX OTHOUieHHH.
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ń o p SKOHOMHUeCKHM CTpOeM 0 6lU,eCTBa MapKCHCTbl nOHHMaK)T COBOKynHOCTb HCTOpHUeCKH OnpepejIÖHHblX npOH3BOPCTBeHHblX OTHOUieHHH. B 6a3HC BXOjaT h OTHomeHua pacnpeaeJieHua, oóycjiOBjieHHbie oTHOiueHHaMH coöcTBeHHOCTii, H OTHOUieHHH OÖMeHa B Tex OÖUieCTBaX, B KOTOpblX cnocoô npOHSBOÂCTBa oôycJioBJiHBaeT oÔMeH nponyKTOB bmccto hx npaM oro pacnpeaejieHHH.
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yKa3bIBaa, UTO 6a3HC — STO 3KOHOMHUeCKHH CTpoft OÖmeCTBa Ha A3HI10M 9Tane ero pa3BHTua, TOBapuiu; Cth a h h TeM caMbiM noAuëpKHBaeT, uto Ka>K- A3H oômecTBeHHar. (JiopMauna HMeeT cboh, HCTOpHUeCKH OUpeAeAëHHblH 9K0- HOMHUeCKHH 6a3HC, CBOH 9K0H0MHUÆCKHH CTpOH, KOTOpblH HaAO paCCMaTpHBaTb
