8 30 AnPEJifl Nä 8
M O C K B R
H3¿iaTejibCTBO „n P rtB ftft“
1948
ílpoAerapuu ecex crpan, coedunnüTecb!
I E 0 P E T H ll E C K li ft M P.0J1HTS4HECKHH JHYPHAJl
U K B K R ( 6 )
XXV toa KSfl aim«
m 8 30 AfTPEJlR 1 9 4 8
AApec pcAaKUHH:
MocHBa, JleHMHrpaAtKoe uiocce, yn. „npaßflbi“ , 24
Ten. A 3-05-06
C o f l e p m a H M e
fIEPE,flOBA51 — PyKOBOiCTBO COUHajlHCTHHeCKHM COpeBHOBaHJieM—B3>K-
Heiiuiasi 3aaaaa napiHMHWx opraHH3au,Ho ... 1 H. «POMHHOB, J l . BblMKOB — r is iT H a A u a T b iH t o m C o 'iH H e H H ii
B. H. JleHHHa... 9 A. KA PABA EB — O aaJtbHefiweM yKpenaeHHH cejibCKOXo3n0cTBeHHoS
apie.m ... 28 B. XBOCTOB — MnpoBas new tb oó «HcTopuMecKoB cnpaBKC» Cob-
H H tp O p M Ô K jp O ... ^ 2
B. B B IX O B C K H H — 4>H.!îOCO(pCTByioiune MpaxoSecw (O tpHjiocoijsHH
aMcpuKaucKoro nepcoHajiH3ina)... 51 K P H T H K A H BHBJIHOrPA4>H51
JX. H B A H E H K O —K HToraM AHCKyccHH no KHHre B. M. Keapoaa
«SHreabc n ecTecTBO.3 Hanne» ... C6 H. Ü B O P K H H —Kh h t h, pa3o6aa4aiomne poab Monono.inii b noaroroBKe
BTOpOM M HpO BO H B O H H b l... 7 2
P y KOBO^CTBO COI^HaJIHCTHHeCKHM copeBHOBaHHeM— Ba^KHeÉmaM sa^a^a
napTHHHbix o p r a m a a ip i
BojibiueBHCTCKan napraa, BeAyman coBeTCKHti HapoA no h y ra k kommv- HH3My, noflHHJia Bcex TpyAamnxcn Ha 6opb6y 3a BOCCTaHOBJieHiie h pasBume HapoflHoro xosHHCTBa. IlapTHH Mo6HjiH30Bajia coBeTCKHx jnoAeñ Ha npeoAo-
•teHHe nocjieBoeHHbix TpyaHocrefi, Ha BunojiHeHHe h nepeBbinojiHenne nocjie- ßoeHHoro nHTHJieTHero njiaHa, Ha nenpeeraHHoe noBbimeHne TeMnoB xo3hm-
ctb€hhopo CTpoHTejibCTBa. ycneuiHoe BwnojiHeHHe njiaHa nepBbix AByx jict
I^THJieTKH HBJIHeTCH pe3yjlbTaTOM ÖOJIbLLieBHCTCKOro pyKOBOÄCTBa X03HHCT B6HHbIM CTpOHTejlbCTBOM, pe3yjIbTaTOM CaMOOTBepjKeHHOFO Tpyaa paÖOHHX.
kOJIX03HHKOB, HHTejlJIHreHUHH.
OnyöjiHKOBaHHbie HcaaBHO TocnjiaHOM C C C P aanHbie 06 HTorax BWnojiHeHHH rocyaapcTBeHHoro njiaHa BoccraHOBJieHHB a p33bhthh Hapoa- H'°ro x o 3HHCTBa C C C P 3a I KBapTaji 1948 ro a a CBHaeTejibcrnyiOT o hobom
n°ÄBÖMe Harnero xo3HiícTBa, o h o b h x ycn e xa x BceHaponHon öopböbi 3a BbmojiHeHHe nHTHJiexKH b 4 ro a a . 3th MaTepnajibi noKa3biBaiOT 3Ha<üiTejib- H°e yCKOpeHHe TeMlIOB X03HHCTBeHH0r0 paSBHTHB HO CpaBHCHHIO C npOLÜJlblM
°Ao m. BajioBan nponyKuusi Bceñ npoMbiimieHHocTu 3a I KBapTaji 1948 roa a yBejiHHHjiacb npoTHB I «BapTajia 1947 r oaa Ha 3 2 % , b to BpeMH Kan b
KBapTajie n p o u u io ro ro a a yBejinneHne npoayKUHH cocraBH jio 20% .
rioBbmieHHe reMnoB pocTa öhjio eine öojiee sHanuTejibHo no oraejibHbiM POH3BOACTB3IM. Tax, nponeHT npupocTa npoay-Kumi b I KBaptajie 1948 roaa
o n E P E ^ O B A íC
cocTaBjiHJi: no yrn io 20% npoTHB 4 % b I «Bapxane 1947 roAa, no qyryHy 36% npoTHB 10%, no npo«axy 43% npoTHB 6% , no unHKy 58%
npoTHB 6% , no TpaKTopaM 137% npoxHB 93% , no Macny pacTH- TeAbHOMy 51% npoTHB 4% , no Mbijiy 54% npoTHB 14% h t. a. Caxapa b
1 «Bapxane xe«ym ero roAa 6bi.no npoh3boaeno b 8,7 pa3a 6onbme, neM b
I KBápTane 1947 noAa. SHaqHTenbHo ycnniiAHCb TeMrthi BoecTanoBneHHH xoMHCTBa b panoHax, noABepraBumxcH o»Kynaii,Hn: nponMwuineHHOCTb ¡s bxhx
pañonax b I KBapTane 1948 roAa Aana npnpocT BanoBofi npoAyKnnn b 59%,
b to BpeMfl Kax b I KBapTane 1947 roAa npnpocT npoAyKUHn cocTaBHJi 29%.
OTJinqHTCJibHoH nepToñ xeKymero ro ñ a asnaexch x a « * e 6onee BticoKaa opraHH30B3HH0CTb b pa6oxe no BbiiíionHeHHio imana, qeM o, npomnoM rony- HecMOTpn Ha 3HaqHxenbHo noBbimeHHbiS nnaH, noAaBAHiomee 6onbinHHCTBO oxpacneñ npoMbimjieHHOCTH ero nepeBbmonHHex, b pe3yjibTaTe ñero n nnaH BbinycKa npoAyKnnn no ripoMbimneHHocTH b penoM nepeBbinonHeH.
Hxoeth I«Btapxana 1948 ro ñ a apno noKa3biBaioT Ba>Ki-¡eHn¡y¡o oeoSeimocTb COUHanHiCTHHeCKOH 9KOHOMHKH, a HMOHHO, HXO B CCCP pOCT IipOH3BOACTBa oonpoiBOJKAaeTCH pocxoM ónarococTOHHHH Hapona. 0 6 bxom roBOpnx, Hanpn- Mep, AaHHbie o po-cre xoBapoo6opoxa. Pocx npoH3BOACTBa npoAOBonbcxBeH- Hbix h npoMbiiuneHHbix xoBapoB aan BO3M0>«Hocxb pes«o yBennqnxb b
I «Bapxane 1948 roña xoBapoo6opox: nponaíKa x.ne6a B03pocna Ha 72%
no cpaBHeHHK) c I KBapxanoM 1947 roña, npoAa>«a c a x a p a — b 2,7 pa3a, Kpynbi, MaKapoHHbix h «OHAHxepcKBx H3AenHÍi— b 1 Vs pa3a, xnonnaxo6y- Ma>KHbix h ménKOBbix xKaHeñ — Ha 44% n x. A- rioKynarenbHaH citoco6- Hocxb coBexcKoro py6nn noBbicnnacb Ha 41%. PeanbHaa 3apa6oxHaa nnaxa yBenHHHnacb b cpenneM Ha 51%.
BajKHeHuiHM hcxohhhkom 3XHX H>cxopHqee«HX ycnexoB COBeXCKOrO Ha- pona HBJIHeXCH JKHBOXBOpHblíl COBeXCKHH naxpHOTH3M, HaXOAHHIHH CBOé Bbipa*eHHe b pa3BépxbiBaHHH HapoAHoii HHHmraxHBbi n caMOAOHxenbHocxH,
b C'OU,hanhcxhneckom copeBHOBaHHH h cxaxaHOBCKOM abhjkohhh. Kan h3bo-
cxh'O, b KOHHe npomnoro roña xpyAHuiHecn nameñ cxpanu no noqpiHy nenHHrpaAueB hoahhjih 3H3mh copeBHOBaHHH 3a BbinonHeHHe nHTiiner«H b
4 roña. B I «Bapxane reKym ero roña pa6onHe, «onxo3BHKH h HHxennHren- Hhh, noKaábiBan Bcé HOBbie h HOBbie o6pa3Hbi XBopqecKOH HHHUHaxHBbi, uih- Poko paaBepHynH Ha npeAnpnHXHHX, cxpoíiKax, b «onxo3ax, M T C h cobxo- sax couBanHCXHnecKoe copeBnoBarme 3a ycnemnoe BunonHemiie h nepeBbi- nonneHHe nnaHa 1948 roña — pernaiomero roña nocneBOCHUoñ nHxnnexKH.
BonbuieBHCxcKaH napran Bcerna BHAena b xpyAOBOM non^eMe napona rnaBHbiñ H'Cxohhhk ycnemHoxo BbinonueHHH nnanoB. ToBapHin CxanHH b
AOKnaAe 06 nxorax nepBoñ naxHnexKH, roBOpn 06 ochobhmx cnnax, o6ecne- HHBuiHx BbinonHCHHe nepBoro naiHAfeTHero nnana, y«a3biBan: «3xo, npemne Bcero, aKXHBHOCXb H CaMOOTBepjKCHHOCTb, 3HTy3Ha3M H HHHAHaXHBa MH.il- .JIHOHHblX Mace paÓOHHX H KOJIXO3HHKOB, pa3BHBIHHX BMeCXe C HHJKCHepHO-
xexHHAecKHMH CHnaMH Konoccanbuyio sHeprHio no pa3BopanHBaHHio couna- nucxHaecKoro copenhobahhh h lynapHHnecxBa. He mojkbx 6bixb comhchhh,
hto 6e3 Bxoro o6cxoHxenbcxBa Mbt Be MornH 6bi AoOnxbCH uenH, ne Mornn 6bi ABHHyxbca Bnepén hh Ha ruar» («Bonpocbi neHHHH3Ma», CTp. 396. 11 -e H3A-)-
M orynaH cana couKanHcxHqecKoro copeBHOBaHHH ABHrana BnepéA «a- uie xo3hhctbo b roAbi npeABoeHHbix nnxHnexoK, OHa noMorana HaM pernarb TpyAHeñmHe 3a,AaqH b xoabi OreqecxBeHHOH bohhbi. BojibmeBncxcKaH nap-
xhh H coBexcKoe npaBHxenbexBO b nocneBoeHHOM nnxHnexHeM nnaHe nocTa-
bhjik b «aqecxBe BaníHeñméH sapaqn «oOeeneqnxb BceMepHoe npHBneqeHii«
pa6oqnx, «pecxbHH h HHTennHreHHHii « neny ocymecxBneHHH naxHnexHero nnana na cohobo conHanHCTHqecKoxo copeBHOBaHHH, c xeM qxo6bi He xonb-
ko -BbinonHHxb, ho h nepeBbinonHHXb naxiinexHañ nnaH b o ce x a h o b ne hhh h
pa3BHXHH HapoAHoro ¡xo3HñcTBa». H xo rn nepBbix AByx jie r nnxHnexKH h
I «BapTana 1948 roña no«a3biBaioT, qxo couHanHcxHqecKoe copeBHOBaHHe HBnHOTCH (MoryqHM ABHraxeneM b o cc t a hob ne hhh h paaBHXHH xo3HñcTBa b
n E P E ü O B A ÍI 3
nocjieBoeHHoe BpeMH. OrpoMHan cujia couHajiHCTHuecKoro cc poB hob an hh
6buia HpKo npoaeMOHCTpapoBaHa ku k b npoMbiuiJieHHocTH, tbk h b cejibCKOM 'X03HHCTBe. H3B6CTHO, K3KHC Cepbë3Hbie TpyAHO'CTH nepÊÎKHBajIO CejIbCKOe X03HHCTB0 Hamen cTpaHbi noc,ne bohiibi; sth TpyunoCTH 6mjih ycyryöjieubi aacyxoH 1946 ro a a. BojibmeBHCTCKaH napraa noanuJia cobbtckoc KpecTbHH-
ctbo Ha npeoÄOJieHHe sthx TpyaHOCTeñ, BoopyucHJia ero hchoh nepcneKTH-
boh 6opb6bi 3a noaT>ëM cejibCKoro xoaaHCTBa, pa3BepHyjia couHaJiHCTHue- CKoe copeBHOB3Hne b aepeBHe. BbiaaiomHecH htoth SToro H3BecTHbi: b
1947 ro a y coBOTCKoe KpecTbHHCTBo AO'ÓHJiceb pesKoro noBbimeHUH ypo>Kaö-
hocth cejibCKOxo3HHCTBeHHbix KyabTyp, yBcjiHHeHHH o6m,ero c6opa xjieöoa Ha 58% no epaBHeHHio c 1946 roaoM, BbmojiHeHHa h nepeBbiiKwiHeHHH njiaHa xJieöonocTaBOK. Ha stoh ochobc CTajm bo 3 mo® hhmh otmchh KapTo- H6k Ha npoÄOiBioJibCTBiHe, CHHÄCHwe peH, noBbimełrae * h3hchhofo
ypOBHH Hapofla. CopHajiHCTHiqecKoe copeBHOBaníie Mace — oähh h3 B a *- HeñmiHx HCTOHHHKoiB ycKopermbix TeMHOB counajiHCTHnecKoro pacuiupee- Horo BO'CnpOH3BOaCTBa.
BenpecTaHHoc pa3BHTHe TBopuecKOH HHHunaTHBbi Mace — sto ocoöch- HocTb, BHyTpeHHe npiicymaa coBeTCKOMy oömecTBy. KanurajiHCTHuecKoe oßmecTBO, ocHOBaHHoe Ha sKcnaoaTauim TpyasnuHxcH, ucKaiouaeT KaKyio- JIH60 npOH3BOflCTBeHHVIO HHHUHaTHBy TpyJKeHHKOB. OCHOBOH ABHXíeHHfl STOÍÍ 3KOHOMHKH hbahiotch sKcnaoaTauHH h noaaBJieHHe TpyAflmnxcH, cjieÆOBa- TejibHo, yaymeHHe hx aKTHBHOCTH a caMoaeaTejibHocm OTooaa BHyipeHne orpaHiiqeHHbiH h npoTHBopeuHBbiH xapaicrep xo3HÖCTBeHHoro P33bhthh aoco- HHajIHCTHUeCKHX OÖmeCTB. CoiXHajIH3M, OCB060AHBUIHH TpyA OT 3KCnJI03Ta- Hhh, chhji nvTbi c TBopuecKOH aKTHBHOCTH MHjijiHOHOB, pacuHcraji aopory CaMOfleHTejlbHOCTH H HHHUHaTHBe TpyAHmHXCH H TeM CaMbIM OTKpblJI HCTOH- HHK ÖbICTpOrO H 6e3rpaHHHHOrO p33BHTHH npOH3BOAHTeAbHbIX CHA.
P a3BH TH e HHHUHaTHBbI T pyK e H H K O B CT8A0 n p H • COUHaJIH3Me He TOJIbKO BOSMOJKHbIM, HO H >KH3HeHHO HeoßXO flHM blM AOAOM: 0 6 3 STOPO COBCTCKaH SKOHOMHKa He MOJKeT BOOÖme JKHTb H paSBHBaTbCH. X iB H X iy m H M MOTHBOM PS3BHTHH KanHTaJIHCTHHeCKOrO inpOH3BOflCTBa HBA5HOÎCH npHÖblJIb H KOH'Ky- peHTHan 6 o p b 6 a KanHTajiHCTOB, KO Topbie b n o ro H e 3a ö a p b im a M H ycH A H - BaioT a K c ru io a T a m iK ) T p y a s n u n x c H . ,II,BH>KyiuHM m o t h b o m pa3BHTHH c o iin a - .jlHCTHqeCKOH 9K0H0M HKH HBJIHeTCH XiH3HeHHaH 3aiIH TepeC 0B 3H H 0C Tb MHJUIHO- HOB TpyxeeHHKOB B pa3BHTHH OÓmeCTBeHHOrO X03HHCTB3. S r a 3a H H T epecoB 3H - HocTb no po >K A a eT H e n c c a K a e M o e CTpeMJieHHe k y jiy n m e H H io MeTOAOB n p o H 3 - BOACTBa H nOBbimeHHfO npOH3BOAHTeAbHOCTH T p y A a , nOCTOHHHblH nOATiëM TBOpqeCKOH HHHUHaTHBbI, nH TaeM blH KaK M a T ep H a jIbH b IM , T3K H M O pajIbH bIM n o o iu p e n n e M c o CTopoH bi o ô iu e c T B a , r o c y u a p c T B a . C o u n a jiH C T H u e C K o e c o p e e - H O Bam ie T p y u H iu n x c H — s t o B a jK H e ô u iH H 3 3k o h cou na jiH C T H ue cK O H o p ra H H - 3atiH H T p y u a , sKOHOMHuecKHH 3 3k o h c o u H a jiH C T H u e c K o ro o ö iu e c T B a . P a3 B H - THe c o iiH a jiH C T H u e c K o ñ s k o h o m h k h HeMbiCAHMo 6e3 c o u n a jiH C T H u e c K o ro co- P efiH oB aH H fl, TOUHo T a x x e , kslk o h o H e M bicjiH M o , H a n p H M e p , 6e3 nJiaH H po- BaHHH.
3aKOHOMepHOCTH KaUHTajIHCTHUecKOH SKOIHOMHKH np0»3JIÎÏI0TCH CTHXHH- Ho. OHH BbicxynaioT, no Bbipa>KeHHio Surejibca, b «auecTBe n omoumueckhx no- BejiHTe.nen, ro-cnoacTByioiUHx n a n Bojiefl Jiioneii. 3aKOHOMepHocTH couna.uH- cTHUeCKOH SXOHOMHIKH HpO^BJlHIOTCH KaK 3aXOlIOMepHOCTH, H03HaHHbie JIIOAbMH I! co3HaTejibHO npuiMeHneMbie hmh b npouecee counaAHCTHuecKoro cTpouTejib- cTBa. 3 r o co3HaTejibHoe npiiMeHenne 3aK0H0MepH0CTeß oötuecTBeHHoro pas-
bhthu ocyuiecTBjineTCH Benymeß chjioíí counajiHcraueCKoro oömeCTBa — ßojibmeBHCTCKOH napTHeił. ÖTCioaa hcho, i<ai<oe >KK3HeHH6 Bax<Hoe 3HaueHHe '■MeeT pyKOBOAflmau neuTejibHOCTb napTHHHbix opraHHSauHH b pa3BëpTbma-
hhh TpyuoBoö aKTHBHOCTH Mace, couHajiHCTHueCKoro copeBHOBaHHH h CTaxa- WOBCKOro ABH/KeHHH.
riapT H H H O e pyKOBOiflCTBO COUHajIHCTHUeCKHM COpefilKOBaHHCM — STO ycjiO B H e, K O Topoe o ö e c n e u H B a e T n o jiK o e p a 3 B ë p T b iB a K u e Bcex T B op uecK H x
4 IIE P E flO B A H
B03M0JKH0CTeH OCBOdoJK/ieHHOro OOUHajIHCTHHeCKOrO Tpyfla. BojIbllieBHCT- CKaH napTHH HaMenaeT BajKHefiniH© 3aaami xo3H0CTBeHHoro CTpOHrejibCTBa
h Tew caMbłM iyKa3biBaer nyTb pa3BHTHa h npHjiomeimfl HapoaHbix chji. OHa noa.HHMaeT u opraHH3yeT Maccbi na BbinojmeuHe xo3HHCTBeHHo-nojiHTHHe- ci«ix 3aaaq. EojibuieBHCTCKaa napina noompaeT HHimnarHBy h caMooTBep- /KeHHocTb b Tpyae h BbicoKo noAHHMaeT repoeB coii.HajiHCTimecKoro Tpyaa, OKpyjKaa hx yBajKenneM h noneroM. KoMMyHHCTbi, intymne b aBaHrapae TpyaHmnxca, bhocht b hx noBceaHeBHyio padoiy ayx co3HaTejibHocTH h op- raHH3OBaHH0CTH.
H 3 caMofi npnponb] counajincTimeeKoro copeBHOBaHHH BbireKaioT ©aiK- Hefimne saaami napTHHtibix opraHiBaitHii no pyKOBoncTBy sthm BejMKHM abh- JKeHneM Mace.
TBopnecKaH aKTHBnocTb TpyżwmnxcH HenocpeacTBenHo 3aBncnT ot
ypOBHB HX C03H3TejIbH0CTH, OT nOHHMaHHH HMH OdmeHapOAHbIX HHTepeCOB.
rioaTOMy nepBefiimiM ycjioBneM pa3BHTHH comiaJincTmiecKoro copeBHOBaHHH, ero nponHbix n ,HJiHTejibHbix ycnexoB hbjih6tch BocnHTaTejibiiaH padoTa nap- TnfiHbix opraHH3auHH. CouHajincTunecKoe copeBHOBaHne Tpya,amnxcB He Mox<eT ycnemHO pa3BHBaTbcn de3 no/iuTHnecKon padora nap™« b Maccax,
h6o nocpeacTBOM nojihtuneckofi paóoTbi napnia BocnnibiBaei Maccbi b
ayxe coBeTCKoro naTpnoTH3Ma, yKpenjineT oomiajmcTUHeeKoe OTuomeHHe k
Tpyay H noHiiMaHiie odmeHapoaHbix HHTepecoB, pasimcHneT CMbicji 3aAaa, KOTopbie napTHH CTaBHT nepea CTpanoH b Kamabin ziaiiHbifi MOMem, a nx CBH3b C KO HeH HO fi Hauieft uejlbio — KOMMyHH3MOM.
BojibmeBHCTCKaa napTHH ncnojib3yeT Bce cpeacTBa HaeojiorHiecKofi pa- 6otw hj.ih nojiHTimecKoro npocBemeHHH Mace, a jin BocnHTaHHH hx b ayxe co unajiHCTmiecKoro, TBopnecKoro OTHOiueHHH k Tpyay, ajih nponaraim bi nepe- 40Bbix /tocTHmeHHfi Ha TpyttoBOM (jtpoHTe. CoBeiCKaa HjjeojioruH BnepBbie i;
HCTopnn BbicoKo nonHH.ria jnonefi Tpyaa Kan noaJiiiHHbix tbopuob Bcero odmę CTBeHKoro SoraTCTBa. Ha cjiym d y a e jiy KOMMymiCTHnecKoro BocnHTaHHH nap
THH nocrasHjia h raKHe cpeacTBa HaeojiormiecKOH padoTH, kbk jiHTepaTypa,
khho, TeaTp, Hso6pa3HTejibHoe HCKyccTBo, KOTopbie b 6yp>Kya3H0M odmecTBe BocneBaiOT sKcnjioaTaTopoB, npHHHncaioT h TpeTupyioT jnoaefi Tpyaa.
f HnHHHbiMH repoHMH dypx<ya3Horc ncKyccTBa h jiHTepaTypbi hbjihiotch
yflauiHBbie diisnecMeHbi, npeycneBaromne b saBHimHBaHHH npecca aKcnjioaTa-
uhh TpyrtHmHxcH hjih b KOHKypeHTHofi rpbi3He c dojiee cjiadbiMH npoTHBHH- K3MH Ha pblHKe. TepOHMH COBeTCKOro HCKyCCTBa HBJIHIOTCH naTpHOTbl COUHa- JIHCTHHeCKOH PoHHHbl, JHOZIH Tpyjta, C HX BJtOXHOBeHHbIMH nOaBHraMI-1, TBOpne-
ckoh HHimnaTHBofi. riapTHH ocynHJia 11 npeceKjia nonbiTKH 0TjiejibHbix ropo- JlHTepaTOpOB H306pa>KaTb COBeTCKHX Jlioaeii npHMHTHBHblMH, OTCTajIblMH H ManoKyjibTypHbiMH h BbicoKo noziHHjia jiynuiHe npoH3BeneHHH cobctckoto hc- KyccTBa, npocjiaBjiHiomHe Bejumyio >KHBOTBopHyto cn jiy coBeTCKoro naTpiio- TH3M3, nOKa3bIBaiOmHe AyX0BHblfi pOCT COBeTCKHX Jlioaefi — CTpOHTeJiefi HOBOTO oómecTBa, hx caMOOTBepmeHHbifi Tpya, 6biomyio kjiiohom TBopnecKyio hhh- HHaTHBy. C jie/iyn ¡yK33ahhhm napraa, onepancb na MHoroo6pa3Hbifi >KH3HeH- Hblfi OnbIT COB,eTC‘KHX JIIOJtefi, padOTHHKH COB6TCKOrO HCKyCCTBa C03aai0 T odpa3bi BejiHKofi BnewaTJiHiomefi chjih.
Sagana napTiifiHbix opraHH3auiHft 3aK,ni04?,eTCH bto m, HTodbi b CBoefi no- BCeflH6BHOH TteHTeJIbHOCTH nOJIHOCTblO H yMCJIO HCn0JIb3OiBaTb BC6 CpeflCTBa BocnHTaTejibnofi padoTbi. d ra padoTa dy/ieT Handojiee ycneuiHofi, ecjiH bch
OHa dy^er CBH3iaHa c sananaMH hhh, c noBceflueBHofi jKH3Hbio CTpaHbi a Kaw- aoro aaHHoro npeanpnHTHH. CaMo coitHajincTHnecKoe copeBHOBaHHe ecTb BejiHKan mKOjia KOMiMyHHCTHnecKoro BocnHTaHHH TpyaamHxcH. B nponecce COpCBHOBaHHH paCKpbIBaiOTCH IłOBbie, BblCOKHO MOpaJIbHbie KaHeCTBa COBeT- CKoro nejTOBeKa, yKperuiHeTCH h pa3BHBaeTCH counajincTHnecKoe OTHoaie- H«e k Tpyay, npeoaojieBaiOTCH OTCTa.abie B3rjinabi h npHBbiHKi-i. Ho sto 3a- MCiaTCjibnoe CBoficTBO copeBHOBaiiHH nojiHocTbio pacKpbiBaercH jmmb npH TipaBHJIbHOM nOJIHTIHieCKOM pyKOBOaCTBe HM, npH aKTHBHOH n0.nHTHK0-B0Cnll- raTejibHoft padoTe napT0praHH3amifi.
IIE P E /tO B A tf
Pa3BHTHe TBOp'ieCKOH aKTHBHOCTH TpynHUJ,HX'CH 33BHCHT Ta«>Ke OT Iipa- BHJibHoro npHMeHeHHH Bcex cpeacTB cTHMyjiupoBaHiiH, KOTopbie BbipaóoTajia npaKTHKa couHaancTHnecKoro cTpoHTejibCTBa. C ioaa othochtch n in m o e M ate- pnajibHoe cthmy jm pobahHe paSoranKOB npoMbuujieHHocxH h cenbCKoro xo- 3HHCTB3, KOTOpoe fl,QCTHraeTCH npaBHJIbHblM IipHMeHeHHeM COIl,HajIHCTHlíe ' choto npHHii,ana o n jia ra no xpyny. Cioaa othochtch xansce cncxeMa o6me-
ctbchhoix) noompeHHH TpynainHxca. 3 a BbinaiomHecH nocTHjKeHHa b Tpya©
coBexcKo© npaBHxejibCXBo npncBaHBaex 3Ba«He Fepoa Co h n a ji ner hnec hoto
Tpyaa, Harpaaíflaex opaeHaMH n MeaajiHMH CoBercKoro Coio3a. Ilepeno- BHKH npon3BoacTBa oKpyníaiOTCH nonéxoM n bc©o6ihhm yBajneHHeM. ílenaxb
h panno aenaioT mnpoKO h3Becthbimn HMeHa jironefi, ao&HBiHHXca bhookhx
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B npomjiOMi rony npaBHTejibCTBO CCCP onyójiHKOBajio yKa3 o tnpHCBoe-
hhh 3BaHHa repon CounajincTH'reeKoro Tpyaa h HarpajnaeHHH opaeHaMH n MenajiHMH CCCP 3a nojiyaenne bhcokhx ypojKaeB. 3tot yKa3 cbirpaji orpOMHyio pojib b pa3BHTHH connajincxnaecKoro copeBHOBaHHH n b 6opb6e 3a nofl-béM cejibCKoro xo3ancTBa. K nacTonmeiMy BpeMeHH xojibKO no cncxeMe MnHHCTepcTBa cejibcnoro xo3ancxBa CCCP SBanne Tepoa ConHajincrane- CKoro Tpyaa nojiynH.no ohojio nojiyxopa Tbican kojixo3hhkob, xpa kto p hctqb h apyrnx p a g O T H H K O B cejibCKoro xo3añCTBa. ,H,ecHTKH Tbican nepenoBHXoB counajincTHaecKoro 3eMJieaejiHH Harpa>KneHbi opaeHaMH h MeaajiHMH CCCP. 3th 3HaTHbie aionn oobctckoh aepeBHH nayx bo rjiaEe MacooBoro copeBHOBaHHH 3a aajibHenniHH MomHbiñ noatéM couHajiHCTHnecKoro 3eMJie- aejina.
napTHHHbie opraHH3anHH aoji>KHbi oóecneanTb npaBnjibHoe npHMeHeHne Bcex cpeacxB MaxepnajibHoro cxnMyjinpOBaHna xpyaa, cjieanxb 3a TeM, htoSh
Tpya jnoaen B03Harpa>Kaajica no aocTOHHCTBy, 6opoxbca nporaB MejiKOÓyp-
^yasH on ypaBHHnoBKH. CjieayeT noMHHTb, hto npaBHJibHoe n mnpoKoe npn- MeHeHne cnejibmHHbi aBjiaeica onHHM H3 ycjioBHn pasBHxna counajincTn- necKoro copeBHOBaHHH h ct a x a hobckoro aBHJKeHna. IlapTHHHbie opraHH3a- Uhh aojiacHbi aajiee HcnojibaoBaTb ace cpeacTBa odmecTBeHHoro oooiupe-
hhh camootBep>xeHhon h HHHunaxHBHoñ paSoTbi. KaJKabin 4>aKT npncBoe-
hhh 3BaHHH Tepoa Com-iajmcTHnecKoro Tpyaa, H arpaxneH iia opaeHaMH
hjih MeaajiHMH ecTb Sojibuioe coSbirae ana >kh3hh xoro hjih hhoxo KOJixo3a, npeanpHHTHH, pañoHa, oSnacxH. M ecrabie napraifríbie opraHH3annn aojx>KHbi BJHpoKo ncnojib30Baxb xaKoro pona (JxaKXbi aJin aajibHeñmero noa’té M a xp y- aOBOH aKXHBHOCTH pafíoHHX H KOJIXO3HHK0B, aJIH BOCnHXaHHH TpyaHHJ,HX'CH B cO'U,HajiHCTHHecKO'M ayxe, a ra BbipamnBaHiHH hobhx repoeB Ha (JjpoHTe Tpyaa.
HeouiojKHaa sanana napTHHHbix opraHH3au,HH — innpoRo pastacHATh ROJIXO3HH’KaM H K0.XXO3HHHaM HeaaBHO Ony&JIBKOBaHHblñ yK a3 npe3HanyMa BepxoBHoro CoBexa CCCP, ycxaHaBjiHBaiomHft Ha 1948 n 1949 roaw HOBbie noKa3aTejiH, npn BbinojiHeHnn Koxopbix pafíoTHHKH cejibOKoro xo3anCTBa nojiynaioT 3BaHne Tepoes CoanajincximecKoro Tpyaa h narpaxaaiopca op- TeaaMn h MeaaaaMH. PecTHbiñ, caMooTBepjKeHHbiíi Tpya oTKpbiBaeT nepen RajKabiM paSOTHHKO'M CeabCKOrO X03HHCTBa B‘0 3M0>KH0CTb 3aC.ay>KHTb BCe- HapoaHbin noneT n npHSHaHire.
Xa pa KxepH3ya npHpoay connaancTHaecKoro copeBHOBa ana, bnpothbobec KainHTaaHCTHnecKOH KOHKypeHnnn, TOBapnm CTajiHH yKaawBaa, nxo raaBHbiM npHHnnnoM copeBHOBaHHH HBaaeTca TosapHmecKaa noMoim» oxcTasiaHM co cTopoHbi nepeaoBbix, c tgm htoSh aoÓHTbca oómero iioa'feé.Ma. Beaymyro po«Xb 8 copeBHOBaHHH nrparox nepeaoBHKH npoH3iBoacTBa, CTaxaHoaubi, aaromne 8í>icoKne npoH3BoacTBeHHHe noKa3axean. Kopenb ycnexa CTaxaHOBCKoñ pa-
ootm ae>KHT npe>Kae Bcero b MacTepcKOM ocBoeHHH tcxhhkh, b yaynmeHHH 0praHH3auHH npoH3BoacxBa h.Tpyaa, b ycoBepmeHCTBOBaHnn MeToaoB Tpyaa 11 TexHonoran nponsBoacTBa, a sto b coBeTCKOM o6mecTBe aociynHo BceM PaSoHHM, n noTOMy cTaxaHOBcnoe asnaceHue iraeeT nponHyio ocHOBy aaa MaccoBoro pacnpocTpaHeHna.
6 riE P E jiO B A a
OnbiT nepejioBHKOB npoH3BoacTBa He pacnpoerpaHHeTCH caM no ce6e, caMOTëKOM. JIjih stoto TpeóyeTCH cepbë3Han o p r a hh3 aao p cka h paÔoTa napTHHHbix opraHH3au,Hfl. C t a x a hobcko e aBHHieHne noTOMy h npeBpaTHjiocb
b MaccoBoe RBFixemie, hto napTHH, TOBapam CîajiHH, BCKpbiB ero BejiHKoe 3HaqeHne b jkhoth Harnéft CTpaHbi, noaaepa<anH nepeaoBHKOB, noMoran hm
npeoAOJierb Bce nperpaabi h noBceflHOBHo 3a6oTHJincb o ero pacnpccTpaHe- HHH BuiHpb H BrayOb. TaM, rae napTHHHbie opraHHaauHH iiomhht 06 stom, 3aóoTHTCH o pacnpocTpaHeHHH nepeflOBoro onbua ,— thm Haanuo npeKpac- Hbie pe3yjibTaibi.
HMeeTCH, oah3ko, eipë He Maao cayqaeB, Koraa noHHH nepeaoBHKOB He noayqaeT noflaepxcKH h npH3Ha hhh. Tax, nanpHMep, Ha O'ôaacTHOH KOHcjiepeH- UHH ^lejiHÔHHCKOH napTHHHoS opraHH3aunn MHorne ÆeaeraTbi roBopnan 0
tom, hto oSkom h ero oxuejibi, paâKOMbi h ropKOMbi B K n ( 6 ) HeAOCTaToquo 3aHHMajiHCb BonpocaMH pyxoBOflCTBa co pe B h 0 b a h ne m , naoxo noflftepjKHBajiM nepeaoBHKOB. B pe3yabT3Te 3arjioxjio Ha IOjkhom ypaae 3aMeqaTeabHoe ABHJKeHHe, B03HHKinee no nonnny Eropa ArapKona, He noayqna aoajKHoro pacnpocTpaHeHHH onbir H3BecTHoro Been CTpaHe TexBoaora AaeKcaHapa ÎÎBaHOBa. KocHocTb h paBHoiiyiiiHe nyTeHCKHx hhhobhhkob 3axaecTHyaii HCHByfO HHHIIHaTHBy nepeflOBOTU M'aiUHHHCTa OÔJiaCTH TOB. KynpHHHOBa.
A napTHHHbie opraHH3aixHH HeanOnHCKofi oôaacra ne npauikn Ha noMoiub nepeaoBHKaMi, He noa,aep>KaaH hx b 6opb6e npoTHB kochocth, K0HcepBaTH3Ma
h paBHOÆyiHHH, He oôecnequaH pacnpocTpaHeHHH hx uemioft HHHHHaTHBu.
Kanyio pojib HrpaOT napTHHHan opraHH3auHH b pacnpocTpaHeHHH nepe- ÆOBoro onbiTa, noKa3biBaeT Taioxe npiiMep c nonyjiHpH3auHeH mctoziob pa- OoTbi CTaxanoBKH Hobo-I peÔeHHoS tfiaôpHKH rayxoBCKoro xjionnaTo6yMa>K- Horo KOMÔHHaxa tob. AnaHbCEvoH. O nbir tob. AHaHbeBOH, nepeineameft Ha CBepxTHnoBoe ynaoraeHne h oôcayjKHBaromeH 2400 BepeTëH bmccto 1920, 6bIJI HOJDKHblM 0Ôpa30M OHeHeH rOpOÆCKHM KOMHTeTOM napTHH: ropoaCKOH
ko MH Te t uiHpoKO nonyaHpH3HpoBaa 9 tot onbiT cpean padonnx a p yrn x npea- npHHTHH, h B «opOTKHH cpoK oh noayqna pacnpocTpaHCHHe Ha HCJIOM pnae npeanpHHTHH CTpaHbi. Ho Ha caMoâ HoBoTpeôeHHoË (JiaôpHKe ohbit tob. AHaHbeBOH BecbMa a,oaro He noayqaa pacnpocTpaHeHHH. Z lejio b tom, hto
MecTHbie napTHHuan h npo<}5coi03HaH opraHH3auHH He oueHHJiH Bcero 3Hane' HHH 3T0T0 OnblTa H He OKa3ajIH TOB. AHaHbeBOH aOJI>KHOH noaaep>KKH.
3th (JiaKTbi noKa3biBaiOT, Kanoe KoaoocaabHoe 3HaHernie HMeeT cBoeBpe- MeHHan noaaepjKKa HOBâTopo®, noMomb hm. Honoe noôejKaaeT, npoÔHBaeT ce6e aopory B 6opb6e CO CTapblM, C KOCHOCTbIO, KOHCepB3TH3MOM, HHHOB- HHHbHM paBHoayuiHeM. 3aaana napTH&Hbix oprannsauHn — BoprjiaBHTb 6opb6y nepeaoBHKOB npoH3BoacTBa, pacqumaTb a o p o ry HOBOMy, noaaep>KH- BaTb BCHKHH HeHHblH nOHHH.
rio a a e p * K y HonaTopoB npoH3BoacTBa nejibSH, ko neqno, noHHMaTb b
CMbICJie C03fl3HHH K3KHX-T0 OOOÔblX, TenjIHHHblX yCJIOBHH AJIH OflHHOHeK-pe- KopacMeHOB. riapTHH peuiHTeabHO ocyanaa TaKoro poaa npaKTHKy, 1160 3Ta npaKTHKa npoTHBopenHT ocHOBHOMy npHHHnny couHaancTHnecKoro copeBHO- BaHHH, OTropa>KHBaeT nepeaoBHKOB ot ochobhoh Macew paôoHnx. n o a a e p x - xa nepeaoBHKOB — sto 3aôoTa 0 tom, htoôh hx noHHH He 3araox, a noaynua uiHpoKoe pacnpocTpaHeHHe, htoôm npH hx homoihh noaHHMaaacb ochobh3H Macca paôoHHx.
^PÎ3 C3MOH HpHpoabl COpeBHOBaHHH K3K H C® p 6C T 2 H HOTO p3 3BHTHH TSOpHe- CKOH HHHHHaTHBbI M3CC BblTCKaeT HeOÔXOa H M OCTb BHHMaT€abHOTO HHaHBHay- aabHoro noaxoaa k KaacaoMy yqacrHHKy cop e bhob a h hh , HeoÔxoaHMocTb oopbObi c TpacfiapeTOM, 4)opMaaH3MOM. OopiMaansM. OeapaśaHHHoe, HHHOBHHHbe OTHomeHHe k aeay — 3aefiuiHH Bpar copeBHOBaHHH. BiopoKpaTy Baa<Hbi BHeilIHHH CTOpOHa, HOKa3HbI0 ycneXH. H o3TOMy OH HOBCeaHeBHyiO paÔOTy c aioabMH 3aMeHHeT aaMKHHCTpHpoBaHHeM, a 3aôoTy o pacnpocTpaHeHHH ne- peaoBoro onbiTa h o co3àaHHH npoqHbix ycnexoB — peKooaaMH oaHHoqeK h
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co>KâJieHHio, h no eue BpeMH oTaeabHbie xo3hhctb6hhhkh npHÔeraioT K flaBHO OCy>KÄÖHHbIM MÖTOaaM UITypMOBIUHHbl. ËCTb CaVHaH, KOr^a nOÂOÔ- Horo poaa tnpaKTHKy noaaepjKHBaan h HeKoxopue pyKOBoasurne paÔOTHHKH paftKOMOB napTHH. Ha napTunHoii KOHCpepennnn CîajiHHCKOH oôaacTHofl napT- opraHHaauHH yKa3MBaaocb, nanpHiMep, hto ceseperapb GB-epaaoBCKoro pawKÔ- iMaBKn(6)
rop. ManeeBKH tob. Ko3Jiob ca.w aasaji yKa3aHHH, Koropbie Ha Aejie noompHJiH uiTypMOBiuHHy b paôoxe rnaxT. napTHÜHbie opraHH3auHH H KOMMyHHCTbl He MO Ty T pàBHOflyiHHO npOXOAHTb MHMIO CpaKTOB ÔropOKpa- THneCKHX H3B-pameHHft B pyKO.BOflCTB© COpeBHOBaHHeM. OhmflOJÎJKHbl npeoao- JieBaTb Bce npenHTCTBHH Ha nyTH TBOpnecKOH HHHUHaTHBbi cob«tckhx Tpy- JKHHHKOB.B xoae 6opb6bi Macc 3a BbinojiHeHHe nHTHJieTKH counajiHCTHnecKoe co- peBHOBauHe h craxaHOBCKoe asHKCHHe c KaxtabiM anëM 3aBoëBbmaioT HOBbie ycnexH, no^HHMaioTCH Ha HOBbie CTyneHH; C KaacabiM anëM ynacTHHKH copeß- BblÆEHraiOT HOBbie, BhICOKOnpO!H3BOflHTeJIbHbie MeTOflbl pa-ÖOTbl, CBH- iieTejibCTByiouiHe o poexe aioacíí, o see 6oaee ryiyôoKOM ocBoeHHH TexHHKH.
BbICOKHe pe3yjIbTaTbI B CCtffbCKOM XQ3HHCTBe HOCTHrHyTbl TepOHMH CoUHajIH- CTHHiecKoro Tpyaa, nepeaoBHKaMH npoH3BO>acTBa, ÖaaroaapH MacxepcKOMy OBjiajeHHio arpoxexHHKOH, npaBHJibnoñ opraHH3au,HH h bmcokoh jHCUHiuiHHe Tpyaa.
Tob. Mohotob b aoKaaae o X X X roaoBiHHHe BejiHKoft OKTHÖpbCKofi co- UHajIHCTHH'RCKOH peBOJHOUHH POBOpHJI O HOBOM 3aMeHaTCabHOM HBJieHHH B C'OHHajmCTHHeCKOM CO p 8B HO B a H H H, 3aKJIIOHaiOLUeMCH B TOM, HTO oxaeabHbie paSoHHe ÖepyT Ha ce6a o6a3aTeabCTBa no aocpoHHOMy BbinojiHeHino roaoBbix njianoB n nHTHaeTKH b nejiOM. 3xo aBHH<eHHe coBepmeHno 3aKOHOMepHO b h- i'eKaeT na noTpeÓHocTii Macc »0HKpeTH3HpoBaTb cboh o6H3axeabCTBa no b m- H'OjIHeHHIO nHTHJIÖTKH. OHO OTpaJKaCT flajIbHeftlHHÖ KyjIbTypHO-TeXHH’ieCKHH pocT HaniHX paßonnx, kojixobhhkob, aaiom nä hm B03MO*HOCTb aocm raTb ÄJiHrejibHbix h npoHHbix ycnexoB. Ha napTHHHOH KonijiepeHnHH npoaeTap- 'CKoro pañona rop. Mockbm oTMenaaoeb, nxo b stom panoHe OKoao 3 twchh
CTaxanoBnes BbinojiHHjiH b 1947 ro a y no TpH n öoaee roaoBbix HopMw. He- peaKH (jjaiKTbi, Koraa CTaxanoBUbi y x e BbinoaHnan cboh narnaeTHne aaaaHHH.
3HaMeHareabHbiM HBaneTCH xanace apyroe aßHaieHne nepeaoBHKOB —
•®BiH*eH«e sa mpeepamèHae b cxaxaHOBCKiHe ueabix ynacxKOB npoiH3BoacTBa, HaqaToe no HHHimaTHBe HuKoaaa PoccHHCKoro, BacHann MaTpocoßa a apyrnx CTaxaHOBnes. y nac cennac y>Ke ecTb neMaao npeanpHHXHñ, rae CTaxaHOBCKHe ynacTKH HacnnibiBaioxcH aecHTKaMH. Tan, HanpHMep, Ha HoaoabCKOM MexaHHnecKOM 3aßoae HMeercH 40 c jihihhhm CTaxäHOBCKHX ynacTKOB. Ton ho Tax a<e no npasy mojkho HaaBaxb CTaxanoBCKHMn ueabiä Pna Koaxo30B, aoÔHBinnxcH b 1947 ro a y ncKaionHTeabHO íbmcokhx pe3yabTa-
to b. 3aecb connaancmnecKoe oopeBHOBaHHe n CTaxaHOBCKoe aßnaieHHe noa- HHMaroTca Ha 6paee BbicoKyro CTyneHb — ot CTaxaHOBCKoñ paßoTbi OTaeab- HHX paöorax H KO a XO 3 H H KO B BO CT a X 3 HO BC KO H, BbICOKOCaajKeHHOÖ H npOH3- soaHTeabHon paöoTbi öoabuiHx KoaaeKTHBOB.
n O H H T H O , HTO 3Ta HOBaH CTyneHb B COHHaaHCTHneCKOM COpeBHOB3HHH
‘^eaBBBaHeT H HOBbie, Öoaee BbICOKHe TpeÖOBaHHH K X03HHCTB6HHOMy H nap- THfiHoMy pyKOBoacTBy, K naaHHpoBaHHio h opraHH3auHH npoH3BoacTBa Ha nPeanpHHTHH b neaoM. Tenepb y>Ke HeaocTaTOHHO, htoóm paöonne naH Koa-
x03hhkh HMean naanoBbie 3aaaHHH annib Ha oanH aeHb,— ohh no npaßv
■rpeßyioT pa3paöoTKH ßoaee aanTeabHbix HHanBHayaabHbix naaHOB — Ha m¿- ChT. H.a ro a n aa>Ke na bck) nnrHaeTKy. Tohho Ta« >kr Tenepb yx<e aöcoaiOTHo aeTepnHMbi niTypMOBiriHHa, ßecnaanoBocTb, ßeonopaaoK Ha npoH3BoacTBe.
eaoBHeiMi ycneuiHoro pa3BëpTbiBaHHH connaancTHnecKoro copesHOBaHHH he-
“Ihiotch nopaaoK Ha npon3BoacTBe, pHTMHaHaa paöoTa npeanpHHTHa, exporas 4HcpHnaHHa n opraHH30BaHH0'CTb Ha bccx ynacTKax npoH3BoacTBa. Goixna- p^CTHnecKoe co pe b no b a hho HMcei cboch 3aaaneñ noBbimenne Kan KoannecT- BeHjibix, Tan n KanecTBeuHbix noKasaieaen b paöoie npeanpHHTnñ, cHHHienne
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CeÖeCTOHMOCTH npOÄVKUHH, 3KOHOMHK) HapOUHblX Cpe/I'CTB. BoJIblJUyiO pojlb lipH3B3HbI CbirpaTb B pa3BëpTbIB3HHH COUHajIHCTHqeCKOrO CopeBHOBaHHH npo(J)coio3Hbre opranH3aunH. U K BKI1(6) cthbht nepea oobctckiimh npocji- O0K)3aMH 3aaaqy mape pa3BHBaTb couHajiHCTHaecKO'e copsBHOBaHH© 3a b h- uojiHeHne naTHjiei'KH b qeTbipe ro.ua, pacnpocTpaHHTb onbiT HOBaiopoB npo- H3BoacTBa, npoHBJiHTb HeycTaHHyio 3aöory o itobbiui€hhh MarepnajibHoro u KyjibTypHoro ypoBHH >kh3HH paöoqHx h cjiyncamux.
f JiaCHOCTb — O.UHH H3 BaJKHeHIHHX npUHUHnOB COUHaJIHCTH'ieCKOrO co
peBHOBaHHH. Y cnexii h AocnH*eHHH b c ope bh o b3hhih nojiyqaioT eipë ßojibiuee 3H3MeHHe æjih oßmero nojubeMa npoHSBojiCTBa, ecjra ohh npe^aroTCH rjiacHO- CTH, aiapoKo ocBemafOTCH u nponaraHÄHpyioTCH b negara, Ha coßpaHHHx, b
XOiKjianax. HeaocTaTKH, BbiHBJinioiHHecH b npouecce copeBHOBaHHH, MoryT jie r- lqe ycTpaHHTbCH, ccjih ohh noÄBepraiOTCH oömecTBeHHOH kphthkc. OiiHaxo Ha npaKTHKe He H3>KHTbi eure cjiyqan, x o ra a TpeöoBaHne rjiacnocTH copeBHOBaHHH HrHopHpyeTCH. Ha pafłoHHOii napTHHHoñ KoinbepeHmiH CiajiBHCKoro paiíoHa rop. MocKBbi te jie r a ™ cnpaBeaJiHBo kphthkob3jih paííKOM napTiui aa to, HTO €>KeMieCHHHbie HTOTH COHHajIHCTHHeCKOrO copeBHOBaHHH B pa&OHe HOÄBO- flHTCH b ripHcyrcTBHH orpaHHHeHHoro Kpyra jihh, hto, KOHeqno, He cnocoó- CTByeT pa3BëpxbiBaHHio copeBHOBaHHH.
KoMMyHHCTbl B0JK3KH COpeBiHO'BaHHH. OHH He TOJIbKO nOJIHTHHeCKK npocBem aiO T M a c c u , MOÓHjiHayiOT hxT B opqecK yio aKTHBHocTb, ho hcaMH n a y r b a B a H ra pa e copeBHOBaHHH, n o x a s b iB a n jn iq H b iíi npHMep 6e33aBeTHoro c jiy - /Kc h h h HHTepecaM H apoaa, zioónsaH cb H enpepbiBHoro c ose pm ©hctibobbhhh
ripoH3BO^CTBa h Bcë HOBbix npOH3BO/rcTBeHHbix n o d e n . nosTOM.y n j ih y c n e x a copeBHOBaHHH BaiKHoe 3HaneHHe HMeeT t o, Kan paccTaBjieH bi n a p r a ii- Hbie cHJibi h3 paajiHHHbix pem aiom H X y q a c rK a x npoH3BOflCTsa. B CTajiHHCKoft OÔ^CTH (iJOHÔaec) — MlHOrOHHCJieHHaH napTHHHaa OpraHH3SUHH, HO JIHHIb 15,6% Bcex KOMMyHHCTOB 9T0H OpraHH3aH.HH HaXOÆHTCH B BaHÍHCHUieñ a m oojiacT H yrojibH O H npoMbimjieHHOCTH.
3a^aqa 3aKJiioHaeTCH b tom, htoôh HenpecTaHHo yjiyqmaTb paccTaHOBKy napTHHHbix CHJI Ha np0H3B0ACTBe, noBbimaTb aBaHrapanyio pojib KOMMymi- CTOB.
UK
B K n ( 6 ) npH3bIBaeT KOMMyHHCTOB H KOMCOMOJIbHeB dbITb «B nepBblX pnaax dopnoB 3a BbinojiHeHHe HHTHjieTKH b qerape ro a a, 3a hobmíí mouxhh5 no/iT>ëM xo3HHCTBa h KyjibTvpbi Hamen 0TqH3Hbi, 3a flajibHefimee ynpenae- HHe MorymecTBa CoBeTCKoro rocyaapcTBa!» ( H 3 npH3biB0B U K B K U (6) K 1 M an 1948 ro a a ).B Haqajie 1948 roña no Been CTpaH© npoxozuijiH pa3pa6oTKa h npHHHTHe 0'6H3aTejibCTB no BbinojiHeHHK) njiana pemaiomero roaa nHTHjieTKH TpyjiHuiH- MHCH ropowa h aepeBHH. Co Bceii o6cTOHTe.qbHocTbK) paßoqHe, kojixoshhkh
onpenejiHjiH KOHKperabie oßH3aTejibCTBa KajKZioro npêanpHHTHH h Kojixo3a, KajKZloro uexa h 3BeHa. KoHKperaocTb, aenoBUTOCTb, crp o n ifr yqëT chji h
B 0 3 MOÿKH OCTC H H B Me C TC C TCM CMejIOC Aep3aHHe XapaKTepH3yi0T IIpHHHTbie 0’6H3aTeJIbCTBa. Xo3HHCTBeHHbie pyKOBOflHTejIH H napTHHHbie OpraHH3aUHH npoBejiH b CBH3H c pa3pa6oTKOH o6H3arejibCTB ßojibuiyio paöoTy. U e jio Te- nepb B TOM:, HTOÔbl napTHHHbie OpraHH3aH,HH, pa3BHB3H TpyaOBOH 3HTy3H33M Mace, oôecneqH/TH BbinojiHeHHe npHHHTbix o6H3a'rejibCTB.
U K B K U (6 ) npH3biBaeT Bcex TpyAHiurixcH CoBeTCKoro Coi03a uinpe pa3BëpTbiBaTb couHajiHCTHqecKoe copeBHOBaHne 3a BbinojmeHHe nocjieBoeH- Hoft HHTHJieTKH b qeTbipe rojxa, 3a nocpoHHoe BbinojiHeHHe njiana TpeTbero, peuiaiomero ro^a nHTHjieTKH no BceM bhh3m npo^ynunn. Tpy^HmuecH CCCP c BooaymeBjieHHeM BocnpHHHMaiOT stot npn3biB. Hobhh non-bÖM TpyaoBOÔ 3KTHBH0CTH COBeTCKOTO HapOfla nOK33bIBaeT, K3K0H HeHCCHKaeMblH HCTOTHHK TBopqecKHX CHJI T3HTCH b couHajiHCTHHecKOH opraHH33HHH Tpyjia. H o 4JIH
toto htoôh Hcnojib30BaTb Bce HMeioiHHecH B03MOKH0CTH, TpeôyeTCH nenpe- CTaHHan aKTHBHan ÂeHTejibHOCTb HauiHx napTHiÎHbix opranH3aiiHH no pyKO- BOflCTBy BeJIHKHM JlBH>KeHHëM MaCC — COIIHajIHCTHqeCKHM CODeBHOBamieM.
I I f l T H a j D ( I í a T l > I H T O M C o h h h 6h h h B , H . J l e H H H a
H .
& 0M U H O 6, JI.
E u h k o gB nHT>HaAU,aTbIH TOM CoaHHeHHH BOIIIJIH npOH3B6fleHHH, HanH'CaHHbie B. H. JleHHHbiM’ b nepiróa c Mapia 1908 ro.ua no aBrycT 1909 roaa: CTaTbH, onyS.nHKOBaHHbie b rasexax «IilpoaeTapHH» h «Gounaji-ZleMOKpaT», AOKyMeH- ib i riaTOH (o6mepoccHHCKo{i) KOHcpepeHuiiH PC,HPn h coBemaHiia pacmnpeH-
hoh peaaKUHH «npcjieTapna».
3to 6bu¡ nepnoa pa3ryjia CTOjibinnHCKOH peaKUHH, Hanaao ¡Koxopoñ no- Jio>KeHo 6bijio TpeibeHioHbCKHM roe y a a pe tbchh bi m nepeBopoTOM (1907 roa), nepnoa, noraa napran ot npaMoñ peBoasomiOHHOH 6opb6u c uapH3MOM bbi- 'Hy>KaeHa 6bina nepenm «k oóxoanbiM nyrsiM 6opb6bi, k ncnoab30BaHHK3
Bcex h bchkhx aeraabHbix B03M0>KH0CTeH» ( C r a a n H ) .
Hapaay c «cecTOKHMH penpeccHHMH uapn3Ma npOTHB paóo'inx h
KpecTbffH, b stot nepHoa ycHanan Taione nacTynneHHe na paOoanñ KJiacc KanuTaaHCTbi: Ha cpaSprnox h 3aBoaax CHHncajiacb sapaóoTHaa naaTa h
yBeaHHHBaaacb npoaojrauiTeabHOCTb paSonero ana, man MaccoBbie y-Bo.nb- HeHMH paOoaux. B aepeBHe, rae uapcKoe npaBHTeabCTBo Hapaay c penpec-
chhmh h KapaieabHbiMH SKcneaHUHHMH nocnemHO coaaaaaao ce6e Ha ocHOBe seMeabHoro saxona ot 9 HoaOpa 1906 roaa onopy b Jinue KyaanecTBa, 3tot nepHoa xapaKTepH30!Baaca cnaaoM xpecTbHHCKoro ABsoKeHua h hobhm
ycHjieHHeM rnéra noMemnKOB. nopaJKeune peBoaiouHH 1905 roaa nopoanao pacnaa h pasao>KeHHe b cpeae BpeMeHHbix nonyTHH-KOB peBOJiiouHH, b ocoóeH-
hocth opean MeaKo6ypjKya3Hofi i-iHTeaanreHUHH.
BHeiiiHenoAHTHHecKoe noao/KenHe uapcKofi Poc.cun b stot nepnoa xapaKTepH30Baaocb B03pacTa»neM eé 33bhchmocth ot HHOCTpannoro HMne- pnaaH3Ma. H apaay c aaabHeftiHHM npoueccoM KOHuenTpan,HH npoMbimaeH-
hocth, poctom KamiTajiHCTH'iecKHx TpecTOB h CHHaHKaTOB, poc.TOM Koanne- CTBa K pynubix SaHKOB h ycnaenHeM hx poan b npoMbimaeHHOCTX!, b stot
nepnoa yBeanqnaca npnxoK HHocrpaHHbix nanuTaaoB b Pocchkd. Kann- Taan3M b Pocchh Bcé .éojibiue CTaHOBnaca MOHonoancTHqecKHM, HMnepnaan- CTunecKHM KannTaan3MOM.
B npoH3BeaeHnax, Boineainiix b 15-h tom CoanHerañ, JlemiH aaéT ra y - 6okhh 3Haan3 3KOHOMnqecKoro n noarm niecKoro noaoxeHna b Pocchh, onpeaeaaeT 3aaann óoabuieBHKOB b nepnoa CToabinnucKon peanunn n Beaer peniHTeabHyio 6opb6y npOTHB onnopTy»H3Ma — npoTHB MeHbinefiHKOB, jih k bh- aaTopoB, TpeSoBaBiunx yHHnTOjKeHna HeaeraabHon peBOjnomioHHOH napTnn npoaeTapnaTa, a Taione npoTHB anKBnaaTopcTBa «caesa» — npoTHB QT30BH-
ctob n yabTHMaTHCTOB. Pha paSoT JleHHHa, Bomeamnx b Í5 -h tom, nocBH- iUé.H pa3pa6orKe arpapHoro Bonpoca b Pocchh.
B 15-h tom Bornan Taxate npoH3eeaeHHH, b kotophx aasa JleHHHHM rjiyfíoK aa oueHKa MejKayHapoaHoñ oScTaHoiBKH Toro nepuoaa, BCKpbiBaiOTCH
hmnephaanct 11 ñecahe npoTHBopenHn, npriBeamne BnocaeacTBHH k nepBoft mh- poBoñ BOHHe, paaoSaanacTCH onnopTyHH3M, p a crya u ifi b pnaax 3anaaHoeBpc- nencKHx couna.n-aeMOKpaTHqecKHx napTHñ, h onpeaeaaioTCH saaann peBoaio- Uhohhhx MapKCHCTOB b 6opb6e npoTH B HMnepnaaHCTHnecKOH peaiíUHH, npo
THB MHAHTapH3Ma, npoTHB onnopTyHH3Ma na m€>k¿yhapoa:Hoñ apene. Hann- caHHbie b nepnoa pa3ryaa nepHocoTeHHOH peaKUHH, npoH3BeaeHHH JleHHHa, BoiueauiHe b i 5-8 to m, npoHHKHVTbi ero HenpeKaoHHoñ yBepeHHocTbio b Her¡3-
2. «Bo.ii-meBHKs Ne 8.
H. <£>OMHHOB, JL EbIHKOB
6e/KHocTH HOBoro peBojnou,HOHHoro nonbeMa, yBepeHHocTbio, ocHOBanHoñ Ha nOflJIHHHO HayHHOM, MapKCHCTCKOM aHajIH3e npOHCXOAHÜÎHX COÔbITHH npo- HHKHyTbi BepoH b peBojHouHOHHbie CHjibi paßonero Kjiaoca h TpynHmeroea
EojibiueBHKH bo rjiaBe c JlemiHbiM H CiajiHHbiM ôbijiH yBepeHbi b tom,
hto b uJiH>KaHLiiHH nepHon HacrynHT hobhh peBomouHomibiii nonbëM, h5o
npHHHHbi, nopo^HBHJHe peBOJiiOHHfo 1905 rona, ocTaßajmcb b cHJie; ochobhbib
3'dJiami peBojiiomia ne 6bi.au pa3peme«bi: caMonepHíaBue He ßbijio CBepray- TO, KpecTbHHCTBo He nojiym uio noMemHHbeń 3eMjiH, paôoHHe He n o jiy m m i
o-HacoBoro paöoaero æhh. j
Y x e B cjaTbe «Ha n pjM yio nopory», KOTOpoñ OTKpbiBaeTCH 15-h tom
CoHHHeHHH, JleHHH BecHOH 1908 ro a a n«ca.a:
„ «KpH3Hc Ha ocHOBe HeocymecTBjiëHHbix o6beKTHB«bix 3anaq 6yp>Kva3-
hoh peBojnopHH b Pocchh HeMsmyeM. 4HCT0-3K0HÔMHHecKHe, cneHHajibHo- (pHHaHcoBbie, BHyTpeHHe-nojiHTHHecKHe h BweuiHHe coöhthh, oôcTOHTejibCTsa
h nepHneTHH MoryT c«ejiaTb ero ocTpbiM. H napraa npojieTapnaTa,— BCTynHB Ha npHMyro n o p o ry co3naHHH KpeiiKoii HejierajibHoä c.-n. opra«H3aiuin, o6jia- ÄaromeH ôojiee MHoroHHCjieHHbiMH h ôojiee pa3Hooôpa3HbiMH opynHHMH jie- rajibHoro h nojiyjierajibH o ro bjihhhhh, ne.M npexi^e,— cyMeeT BCTpexHTb stot
KpH3HC oojiee noaroTOBjieHHoñ K peuiHTejibHOH 6oPb6e, neM b oKTHÔpe h ne- Kaope 1905 rona» .
riocjieayiom H ñ nepHoa nojinocTbio, xax hsibcctho, noaTBepaHji sto
npopoqecKoe yxasaHHe JleHHHa.
XapaKTepHCTHKy TpeTbeniOHbCKoro ■rocynapcTBeHHoro nepeBopoTa ana- JTH3 H3MeH6HHH, HpOHCUieÄIUHX B CTpa-He B HepHOfl peaKHHH, onpenejieHHe uJiHjKahiuhx sanan h T3KTHKH napTHH JleHHH naëT B npoiHSBefleHHHx: «Ha npHMyio nopory»,
«K
opeHKe pyccKOH peBOJHOUHH»,«O
«npnpone» pyccKofi peBo^iouHH», « 0 6 oueHKe Tenymero MOMema»,.«Ha nopory».B e a n 6 o p b 6 y n p o T H B p a 3 ¿ iH H H b ix n p o H B jie H H H o n rio p T y H H 3 M a b n a p T H H — npO TH B J IH K B H a a T O p O B , n p H M b lX npO THBHHKO B n a p T H H , H n p O T H B T a K H a 3 b IB B e - M b ix 0 T 3 0 B H C T 0 B , C K p b iT b ix e ë H p oTH B H H K O B , — J le H H H p a 3 o 6 jia H a e T J IH K B H fla - TOpCTBO M e H b lIie B H K O B , yH O pH O H HaCTOHHHBO ÔOpeTCH 3 a O O X paH eH H e H y n p e n jie H H e H e jie r a jib H u x ö o jib iu e B H C T C K H x o p ra H H 3 a u H H , c o B e p m a B u m x n o - BOpOT OT O TK pbITO H peBOJHOUHOHHOH Ö O pbÖbl C U,apH3MOM K O Ô XO AH blM n y T H M o p b ô b i 3 a e r o C B e p x e H H e , 3 a n o ß e n e H H e n o K o n n a ô y p jK y a s n o - n e M O K p a T H - n e cK O H p e B o jiio H H H , 3 a n e p e x o n k c o u n a jiH C T H n e c K O H p e B o jir o u n n . 3t h m a ie B o n p o c a M n o c B H in e H b i jie H H H C K H e .Ą O K yM e H T b i, O T n o c a m n e c H « Hh t o h f o ö m e - pOCCHHCKOfi) KO H'tpepeH UHH P C J 3 ,P H .
OnpeaejiHH ö^HHOHUiHe 3aaanH h TaKTHKy paöoqero KJiacca h ero nap
THH b 3TOT nepHoa, JleHHH npeíK^e Bcero BbiacHHeT Kjiaccosyio npnpo/iy nojiHTHnecKHx napTHH b cTpaHe, BbiHCHneT HHTepecbi h B33HMHoe nojio>KeHHe KJiacCOB B pyccKOH peBOJHOUHH, HÔO 6e3 3T0T0 «HeJIb3H, — K3K TOBOpHJI JleHHH, — CAejiaTb hh m ary Bnepëa b Aejie onpe^eneHHH ómxañumx sana q
h T3KTHKH nponeTapHaTa» (cTpi 26).
AHajiH3Hpyíj cymHocTb noJiHTHnecKoro nonoJKeHHH b cTpane b nepuon cToJibioHHCKOh peaKHHH, JleHHH OTMeqaji, hto rocyaapcTBeHHbiñ nepeBopoT
•3 HioHH 1907 roña h yqpe»neHHe I I I UyM bi 03Haqann OTKpbiToe 3aKpenjieHHe coi03a napH3Ma c nepHocoTeHHbiMH noMentHKaMH h BepxaMH topfobo- npoMHUuieHHOH 6yp>Kya3HH. «CaMonep>KaBHe, — nncan JleHHH, — nonpem- HeMy CTOHT,^Ka:K rjiasHbiH Bpar npojieTapnaTa h Bcefl neMOKparan. Ho 6hjio
6bi omHÓKoñ nyMa-Tb, hto oho ocTaëTca- npe>KHHM. Cto jihnhncKah «kohcth- rypHH» h CTOJibinHHCKaa arpapHaH nojiHTHKa 3HaMeHyioT hobhh 3Tari b pa3-
1 ß- J le H H H . Clon. T. 15, cTp. 7, 4-e H 3 j. B aa^bHeiímeM cchjikh na 15-íi tom
LOHHHeHHH ÄaHDTCH R TPKCTe. “
n a T H A O T A T B Iń TOM c o m i i h e h h h b5h. j i e h h h a 11
JIOJK&HHH CTaporo no^ynaTpHapxaJifcHoro, nojiynpenocTHUHecKoro u a p im ia , HOBbiH m ar no nyTii npeBpamemia ero b 6y p * y a 3Hyio HOHapxiHio» (cTp. ozu).
B cTaTbe « 0 6 ouenne TCKymero MOMema» Hemm, o6t>hchhh cymno'CTb
h 3HaneHiie arpapnoft hojiuthkh u,apn3Ma b sth t o a m, nncaji: «IlepeMeHa ar- papnoñ nojiHTHKH caMOAepmaBHH HMC6T npe3BbiqaHH0 6ojibinoe 3HaneHne AJm
«KpecTbHHCKOH» CTpaHbi, iKáK Pocen». O ía nepeMena ríe cjiynaíiHoeTb, He k o- Jieiöarme Kypca MHHHCTepcTB, ne ii3MbimjieHiie óiopoKpaTHii. HeT, 3to rjiy ö o - HaHiuHií «CABur» b CTopoHy a r p a p H o r o 6 o ha n a p t h 3 m a, b CTopony JiHóepajibHoñ (ib 3K0H0MHnecK0M cMbiiCJie cjioBa, t. e. = 6yp>Kya3iHoñ) iio jih- THKH B OÓjiaera KpeCTbHHCKHX n03eMeJIbHbIX OTHOUieHHH» (CTp. 245).
UapcKoe caMoa,ep>KaBHe, bbiH>y>kAeH ho e ynHTbiBaTb HHTepecbi «anHTa- .racTHHecKoro pa3Birrna Pocciih, ho CTpeMHCb b to x<e BpeMH oTCTOsrrb Tamm nyTb pa3BHTHH CTpanbi, KOTopbiñ coxpaHHJi 6bi rocnoacTByiomee nojKöxeHHe u aoxoam 3a noMeimiKaMH-KpenocTHHKaiMH, npoBOAHJio nojmxHKy jiaBHpo- EaHHH MeiKfly KJiacçoM KpenocTHiiKOB h npeflCTaBHTejiaMH KaniHTajia. B corase c KpenocTHHKaMH-noMein,HKaMH h BepxaMH ToproBO-npoMbimjieHHOH 6yp>Kya3HH uapH3M oöpyuiHjica c penpeccHHMH npoTHB coiiHajmcTHHecKoro npojieiapHaTa a AeMOKpaTmiecKoro KpecTbHHCTBa. HoTepaB Bepy b HaHBHyro npe^aHHOdb KpecTbHHCTBa MOHapxHH, n,apn3M BCTaji Ha nyTb paapymeHHH o6m,HHbi, 3aflaBinncb uejibio ueHoñ pa3opeHHH uiHpoHaHmHx Mace KpeerbHH- CTBa C03Ä3Tb aah c©6h B AepeBHe onopy B jraue KyjianecTBa. Ho 3Ta nojrn- THKa u,apH3Ma oßpeneHa öbijia na npoBaji; ona He Morjia h© npuBecxii « emë óojibineMy oóocTpeHHio Bcex npoTHBopemni b AepeBHe.
Kan H3BecTH0, 3a nepuofl c 1906 no 1915 id a H3 o6m,HHbi BHAejiHAOCb CBbime 2 MHJiJiHOHOB Ä0M0X03HeB-KyjiaK0B, a nojiomeHHe Maccu Majio- aeMejibHbix KpecTbHH n nepeBeriCKon deaHOTbi eme óojiee yxyumHJiocb. Kpe- CTbHHCTBo Boomno yöemAaAOCb, hto noxa cymecTByeT uapn3M, oho He mo-
>KeT nojiyHHTb noMemunbeñ 3eMjiH. Ha 3T0h noHBe u Ha noHBe CTOJiKHOBe- HHH OÖmnHHHKOB C XyTOpHHaMH yCHJIHJIO'Cb K p C C T b H HC KO© ABHH<eHHe B CTpaH©
npoTHB OOMeillHKOB H KyjiaKOB-XyTOpHH.
BcKpbiBaa 6ypHiya3'Ho-6oHanapTHCTOKHH xapaKTep arpapHon nojiHTHKH n,apH3Ma, /IeHHH nncaji, hto uapn3M « nm eî coio3a c ôoraTMMii KpecTbHHaMH, OTAasaa hm aepeBHio «a pa3rpa6jieHHe. CaM0Aep>KaBHe AejiaeT cynopom - Hbie ycHJiHH, HToöbi nocKopee cjioMaTb Bcë oömHHHo-HaAeAbHoe 3eMAeBJia- AeHHe h yxpenHTb HCKJiioHHTejibHo nacrayio no3eMejibHyio coßcTBeHHOcTb.
Taxan nojiHTHKa oöocTpHeT bo cto xpaT Bce npoTHBopeHHH KannTajiH3Ma
b AepeBHe h ycKopaeT pa3AejieHHe AepeBHH Ha HHHTomHoe MeHbmHHCTBo peaKUHOHepoB h peBOjnouHOHHyro npojieTapcKyio hnojiynpojieTapcicyio Maccy»
( d p . 293— 294).
B OpOTHBOBeC MeHbmeBHKüM, OTpHpaBLUHM B03MO>KHOCTb HOBOrO peBO- JiiOHHOHHoro noA'bëMa h cKaTHomHMCH k npe3pe«H0My KanHTyjmHTCTBy nepea cTOJibinHHCKHM pemHMOM, JIchkh Ha ocHOBe rjiyß oK oro aHajiH3a BHyTpunojiiiTH'ieC'Koro nojioJKeHHH b crpai-ie yKa3biBaji, hto HeHaöemeH hobmíí
nofl-bëM peßOjnouHOHHOH 6opb6bi. JTemm noAHëpKHBaji, hto sabana jihkbhas- Uhh caMOAepmaßHH h yHHHTomeHHH noMemimbe-KpenoeTHoro 3eM.jieBJiaAeHHH nonpemHeMy HB,imeTCH nepBeiimeH, rjiaBHofł sa^aneH peBOJironHOHHOH 6opb6bi.
B CBoeö CTaTbe «Ha Aopory» Jlem in nncaji: «B hobhx (})opMax h
HHbiM nyTÖM — HHoraa ropa3AO öojiee MeajieHHO, hcm m m 6m m ejiajm — peBo.riK)UHOHHbiH KPH3HC naABHraeTCH emë pa3, Ha3peßaeT cHOBa. UyiHTejib- naa paöoTa noaroTOBKH k HeMy öo.nee umpoKHX Macc, noaroTOBKH öojiee cepbe3Hoił, yHHTbiBaiom,eñ öojiee BbicoKiie h 6oAee KOHKperabie 3aaaHH, AojDKHa 6biTb BbiiiojiHeHa HaMH, h, neM yeneumee 6yAeT OHa BbinoAHena, TeM aepHee öyaeT noöeAa b hoboh 6opb6e» (cTp. 322).
BbinojiHHH 3TH yKasaHim JleHHHa, öojibmeBHKH HeycTaHHo sejm 6opb6y 3a coxpaHeHHe n yxpenjueHH© «ejierajibHbix napTHÖHbix opraHH3auHH, CTpon- JiH Heno Koji e 6 hmo npoHHoe Hejiera.ribHoe HApo peBOAropHOHHoro paóonero ABumeHHH, pacnpocTpaHHBmee «c boë sAHHHHe h nepe3 nocpeACTBO ÄyMbi,
T ? H. <ï>OMHHOB, H. B H H K O B
- X J (Cc°rp 36) ’ H B K00rrePa™ Bax- « B KyjibTypHo-npocBexHTejibHhix 06- PaCCTaH0BKy KJI3CCOBMX CHH B iiepHOH peaKU'HH, JleHHH yKa3biBaji, hto OHa b cBoeii ochobö ocxaëxca non >Ke, nxo ôbiaa h b nepnoa ntpBOH peßojifouHH. «BaaHMooTHomeHHe naaccoB b hx n oan xh ne cko ft rpvnnn- poBKe, nucaji JleHHH,— ocxaexcn tcm n<e, Kanoe xapaKxepHo jxm nepe- JKHToro nepnona npaMoii peBoatonnoHHon 6opbôbi Macc» (cxp. 320).
HecMorpH na o*ecTOHëH«bie y fla p u co cxoponti uapiiawa m ö o h h h
Kjidcc, pyKOBo^HMbii^ ÖojibuieBHKaMH, nonpeameMy bmcxvhL MeÁymeñ cn-
« n n a l P'eBOJ" ° UHOHHOH (>0Ph6c- COK>3HHKOM paÔOTOrO lOiaCCa, K3K H paHbUIC HUiMOCb XpyAHmeeCB KpeCTbflHCXBO, CXpeMHBUieeCfl K peBOJIIOPHOHHO-aeMO- K parH ieCK°M y arpapnoMy nepeßopoxy, k yHnnxoa<eHHio noiweinHHbero aeM- -xeBjiaaeHHH. «fpoMaziHoe ßojibuiHHCxBo KpecxbHHCxBa,— m icaa JIchuh — He CTPßMHTLC5i K TaK0My arpapHOMy nepesopoxy, kotoPmh yHHM-
tox<hji 6m nojiyKpenocxHHxecKoe aeMaeßaaneHne h koxoPmh HeocymecxBHM 6e3 CBep>K&HHH UapCKOH BJiaCXH» (TaM >Ke). y
c x n e S ^ S ? » 8 » arPaPHaH nojiHTHKa, oxMenaa JleHHH, Benëx amub k 060-
h™ ™ mÍ P ? gepeaHe Mejimy pasoprnoineñcn KpecxbHHCKon Maccofl L ? r i 3aKOH ° H,OHOp< f0JILK0 yCKOP»eT paBÂéffleHHe KpecxbHHCKHX ÍCXD 294, HeRnP ™ HPHM° - BPa>K^6Hbie H C03HaxejibH0-n0jiHxi«ecKHe chjim» . J B TO * e BPeMfl JiHÖepajibHaa 6y p * y a 3HH cxaHOBHjiacb b axox ne- PHOA Bce Öojiee KOHxppeBojiiouHOHHOH, sajcpenjiaa cßoto c/ieany c ubdhsmom
«JInöepajibHaH 6ypjKya3HH, nncaji JleH H H ,- c napxnefi k.-a b0P c Í v í x ™ ? M L Í COHTPPeBlOJlfOUHOHHblñ nyTb y>Ke ,TPH nePBbIX «PynHWX Bbl-
C B Pe'B0JII0IIHH’ nponoaniaex hxth no axoMy nyra eine a ríía rru e ftH>KaHCb C OKTH6PHCTaMH> H CBoefl uapHcxcKo-HanHOHajracxHn’ecKoö arHxauHen,— BupaxcatomeH pocx caMoco3HaHHH 6yp>Kya3HH, «an naacca — (xaMT^ e )CKH CJiy* HT CJiyx6y a6 cojiFOXH3My n Kp en octhhk a m - no Mein hk a m » u BcKpbiBan ncxophneckne nopun axofi KOHXppeBojnonnoHHocTH jraöepajib*
nnca^: P* ya3M B HH’ JIe™ H B CTaTfae <<K ,oueHKe Py<*K0.ft peBoaionnn»
a r n a n Í S e ^ í í ^ u HHCTB° C03aaj10 B n e P B blñ * e n e p n o n p y c c K o fi p e B o n ro n n n arpapHoe nBH*6HHe HeopaoHeHHO 6oaee cnjibHoe, onpeaeaëHHoe, nonnxn- X Í X B e K a ° 3 n ae ? n b H O e ’ lI 6 M B HPWMAymHx ß y p i K y a s H b i x peBomonnax nuunü JL' ^ TOM, HXO XOX CJIOH, KOXOpblH COCXaBJIHJI H^PO peBOJIIOnH- OHHOH neMOKpaxHH b Eßpone, — nexoßoe ropoacKoe peMecjio ropoacKan oypa<ya3Hn n Meanan ôypjKyasHH, — b Pocchh j o .d k h m 6 m a n noßepHyTb
\ KOHxppeBoaioHHOHHOMy aHÖepaaH3My. Co3HaxeabHocxb connaancmnecKoro
™ p p T^ f HaTa’ H/tyiuero pyxa 06 PyRy c M e*ayHaPOÄHoa apMHen connaan- cranecnoro nepeßopoxa b Eßpone, — KpanHan peBoaionnoHHocxb Mynama
U °n° BeT b,M rHeTOMA KpenocxHHKOB ao caMoxo oxnaHHHoroy noao- AemiH h ao xpeöoBannH KOHtJaicKannn noMeinnnnux 3eweab, — box Kanne oöcxonxeabCTBa ßpocnan pyccacnn anöepaansM ropasao cnabnee, new eBpo- neHCKiHH, B oöxjhxhh KOHTppeBoaionHH. Ha pyccKHH paöoxHii Kaacc noaxony i w £ , pH0H CHJI° “ m a 3aAaHa: C0XPaH«Tb xpaannnn peBoaronHonnoñ
« KOT°P °H cneujaT oxpenbcn HHxeaanrennHH n Meinancxso, passnm ynpenurb arn xpaamnun, ßneapaxb hx b coananne unipoKux Macc Hapoaa
a B H S n n r c i T ^ “ ?)171011161,0 n° Â’bëMa HeH36eJKHoro ÄeMOKpaxHHecKoro- 1 ayßoKO bbph B cnabi H peßoaionHOHHyio aHeprnio paöonero naacca oHHbie S r Í L ™ pa6° HiHß KJiacc PocCHH» BeAH sa c o L mhoÎ omhS oHHbie Maccbi KpecxbHHcxsa, cyMeex c necxbra ocymeciBHxb cboh peßoaio- nncHHbie aaaann. Bbipanon nenpeKaoimyio Bepy b cnabi pa6onero naacca n ero coioaHHKa - xpyaamerocH KpecxbaHCxsa,- JTennu nuca a, h x o'«nepaa*
KaMnaHHH Harnen 6ypa<ya3HOH peBoaronnn (1 9 0 5 -1 9 0 7 ro a u ) HeonpoBep- / vio aoKa3aaa noaHyio uiaxKocrb n KOHTppeBoaiomioHHocTb nauien öypmya-
r rflT H A O T A T H ñ TOSI C O H HHEHHÍI B. H. UT2HHHA _ 13
3hh, noKa3ajia cnocoÓHQCTb Harnero íipojieTapnaxa 6biib b o >k n é m no6e- Aohochoh peBOjiK)u,HH, nonasana criocoSHoexb neMOKpaximecKHX Mace Kpe- CTbHHCiBa noMOHb npojieTapHaTy cnejiaTb 3Ty peBOjnounio noóenouocHOH»
(cTp. 36 S ).
Beeb naJibHeíimnH xon HCTopHHeeKoro paaBHTHH uejiHKOM nonTBepnHJi reHHaxibHbiii jighhhckhh aHajiH3 nojiHTHHecKoro nojioíKeHHH h paccTaHOBKH KJiaCCOBblX CUJI B PoCCHH. OpOUlJlO HCMllOrO BpEMeHH, H B PoCCHH HauajTCH HoBbiñ peBOJiiouHOHHbiH nofl'beM, «OTOpbiH npHBén b KOHeHHOM caéTe k no6ene Haa. uapH3MOM b cfiespajie 1917 roña, a 3axeM h k CBepyKeHHfO KamirajiHáMa
■B pe3yjibTaTe noSenui Bejimcoft O k. x a ó p l c koh 00 u h a jih c th uee kc xi peBOJHOUHH.
* *
B npoH3BenenHHX, BomenmHX b 15-ft tom CouHHeHHM, JleHHH Ha ocHoae aHann3a nojnmmecKoro nonoHíemiH b crpaHe b nepiion CTOJibinnHCKOH peaKUHH naéT pnpenejieHHe 3anau h paapaóaxbiBaeT TaKTHKy napTHH b H3Me- HHBIHHXCH yCJIOBHHX. fíopbÓbl.
Fiocne nopa>KeHHH peBOJiiou.Hn 1905 roña ocuoBuaa uojiHTHuecKaH uejib SojibUieBHCTCKOH napxHH ocTasajiacb, kbk H3BecTHQ, xa * e , u io h b
1905 ro n y : cBeprHyTb uapH3M, noBecTii no KOHua 6yp>Kya3Ho-neMOKpaTn- ueeKyio peBOJiiouHK), riepeím i k couHajiHCXHuéoKoñ peBOJHOtum. «Ho T a K T H K a napTHH He Moma,— KaK noAuépKHBaeTca b «KpaTKOM uypee HCTópHH B K n ( 5 ) » ocxaBaxbCH xoñ me caMOH, uto b nepHon nonbéMa pe-
sojuouhh 1905 roña. Henos« 6bino, uanpHMep, b fijiHJKañmee. BpeMH npH3bi- Baxb Maccbi k BceoSmeñ nojihthheckoh crauKe hjih k BoopymémioMy BoecTa-
hhk), noroMy uto hajum o 6h ji ynanox peBOjnouHOHHoro ABHmeHHH, orpoM- Haa ycTaJiocTb pafíonero Kjiacca, cepbé3Hoe ycnjieHHe peaKUHOUHbix KjiaccoB.
riapxHH He Morjia He cmixaxbca c hoboh ofícxanoBKOíi. TaKTHKy Hacxynne-
hhh HyHCflO' 6biJio aaMeHaxb xükthkoh oóopoHbi, xaKTHKoñ coSupauHa chji, T3KTHKOH OTBOAH KanpOB B noniXOJIbe H paÓOXbl napTHH H3 nonnojlba, TBKTII-
koh coneTa.HHH HejierajibHoñ paOoTbi c pa6oTóñ b jierajibHbix paóonHX opra- HH3aUHHX».
3aMeHHB B HOBOH OÓCTHHOBKe TaKTHKy HaCTynJieHHH T3KTHK0H OfíopOHbl, TaKTHKOH coueTaHHH Hejiera JibHoft paóoTbi c paSoxoft bpa3JiHHHbix jierajibH b ix opraH H sam iax, hbjihbiijhxca KaK 6bi npHKpbiTiieM AJia nonnojibH bix opraHH3a- UHÍi H epenCTBOM HX CBH3H C MSCCaMH, 60JIbLU€BHKH, p y K O B O Ji, H M bie JleHHHblM H CTajIHHblM, ynopHO H iHaCTOÍIHHBO rOTOBHJIH CHJIbl K HOBOMy peBOJHOUHOH- HOMy non'bSMy.
Onuoñ H3 Ba/KHeHLUHX, OCHOBHHX 33naU napTHH, KaK yKa3bIBajI JleHHH, HBjiHjiocb ripe>Kne Bcero pa30ÓJiaueHHe nepen luhpokhmh HaponHbiMH Macca- MH neHCTBHTejibHoñ cyiUHOCTH nojiHTHkH uapcKoro caMonepiKaBHa H p33bHC • HeHHe peBOJitouHOHHOH pojin paóouero Kjiacca Kan Kjiacca-rereMOHa, pyKO- BOnamerO neMOKpaTHMeCKHM KpeCTbHHCTBOM.
«PyccKHH npojieTapHax, — nncaji JleHHH, — MonceT ropnHTbca TeM, uto b 1905-m rony non ero pyk0bo n ctbom Hamxa paóoB npeepaTEJiacb BnepBbie B Hananaromyio Ha uapH3M paTb mhjijihohob, b apMHio peBOjiiouHH. H tot
* e npojiexapnaT cyMeex Tenepb BbinojiHHTb BbinepxíaHHO, ctohko, Tepne- Jihbo pafíoTy BocnHxaHH» h nonroTOBKH hobhx KanpoB óojiee MoryueH PeBOJHOUHOHHOñ CHJIbl» (CTp. 3 2 2 ).
B cBoeií CTaTbe «Llejib fíoptóbi npojiexapHaxa b nameft peBojnouHH»
JleHHH nonBepraeT peuiHTejibHoñ KpiiTHKe onnopTyHHCTHuecKHe H3Mbimne-
hhh nynbi TpouKoro, KOTopbiií BKyne c. MaproBbiM oTpHuan peBOJiiouHOHHbie B03MOJKHOCTH KpeCTbHHCKOrÓ nBHHíeHHH, OTpHUaJI B03MOHCHOCTb COK)3a pa- Soqero KJiaeca c iKpecTbHHCTBOM. JleHHH nonuépKHBaji, uto kmchro cok)3 pa- Souero Kjiaoca c TpynamHMca KpecTbaHCTBOM aBJiaeTca 3ajioroM no6enbi PycCKOfi peBOJHOUHK,
