M O C K B fl
H 3 A a T e n b C T B O „nP R B ß ,ft“
1S48
T E 0 P E T H H E C H H 8 H nOJIHTHHECKHÜ O T H A I1
UK BKn(6)
X X IV ron H3*aHHsa
( b ü b
Ifs 3
15 4>EB P A i l f ltapée pesaKUHM:
MocKBa, JleHWHrpaBtHoe uiocce, yn. „IlpaBAw“ »24
Ten. ać-C6-06
C o A e p m a H H e
I1EPE.HQBA51— TpHÄUaTb JieT CoBeTCKoñ ApiwHH...
0 6 onepe «BejiHKaji ApyiKÖa» B. MypaaejiH. IlocTaHOBJieHHe U .K B K n ( 6 )
ot 10 4>eBpajisi 1948 r ...
B. KPyÄKOB — Ctojicthg «Maim^ecTa KoMMyHHCTimecKoft napina» . P. TAK — TeopeTHBecKHe ochobbi «KoMMyHHCTHiecRoro MaHHifrecTa» . E. nABJIOB — K HCTopHH co3AaHHn «MaHwjjecia KoMiMyiwcTHiecKoft
n ap iH H » ... .... ...
K P H T H K A H B H B J lH O r P A 4 > H 5 1
K. E B fE H B E B — ÄonyMCHTbi o 6opb6e KHTaiicKofl KOMMyHHCTiwecKoß napTHH 3a CBo6oAHbifl u AeMOKpaTHqecKHÖ KHTaft . . . 88 H. ABOPKHH — HeMapKCHCTCKaa KHHra o npoMbiiuaeHHOCTH KanmaAH-
cTHiecKHx ctpaH . . . ... 74
T p u ß i j a T f e j i e T C o B e T C K o ñ A p m h h
23 <J)eßpajiH Texymero ro/ia HcnojiHneTcn TpiizuianiJieTHe reponnecKon, nOÖeflOHOCHOH CoBeTCKOH ApMHH — BepHOH H H3A6>KH0ñ 3aLU,HTHHU,bI COUHa- JIHCTHHeCKOH PoflHHbl.
Co3flaHHaa JleHHHHM h CîajiHHbiM, BbinecTOBaHHan SojibineBHCTCKOñ napTHeñ, Hama aoö^ecTHaa apMHH npouuia cjiaBHbiö nyTb ßopbßbi, oaepjKajia BejiHHañiHHe noße^bi, paßHbix KOTOpbiM Her bo Bceñ HCTopHH nejio- BenecTBa.
CoiBercKaH ApiraH c necTbio onpaB.aa.jia CBo-ë HCTopHqecKoe :Ha3Haire»He h no npaßy hbjihstch jnoÖHMbiM aeram eM coßeTCKoro Hapoaa. «Ben ee hcto- Phh HBjineTcn >KHBbiM npHMepoM repoH3Ma, 6e33aBerHoro cayx<eHHH Poanne h aodaecTHoro BbiniojineHiin CBoero bouhckoto »ojira. 3to ooo6e«Ho Hpxo npOHBHJlOCb B BblflalOIU'HXCH TIOÖeAaX, OaepJKaHHblX CoBeTCKOH Ap'MHeÜ B BeJiHKOH O îe h ec tb eHH'O h BOHHe. Poanna HBKoraa ne 3a6yaeT reponaecKHX
aea OBoeñ apMHH» (C t a a hh). ,
Hbme, b nocjieBoeuHbix ycaoBHHX, CoBeTCKan Ap m h h öaiiTeabHo oxpa- HHeT MHpubiH TBopnecKHH Tpya coBeTCieoro Hapoaa, HHTepecbi CoßeTCKoro rocyaapcTBa ot nocnraTeabCTB 3apy6ex<Hbix HMnepnaaHCTOB.
*
C03aaHHe HOBOH, nOflJIHHHO HapOÄHOH apMHH HBHJIOCb >KH3HŚHH0H Heoß- xoaiHMocTbK) a m CoBeTcxoro rocyaapcTBa. 3 i a HeoßxoaHMocTb onpeae-
2 IIE P E A O B A ä
AHAaCb K3K BHyrpeHHHMH, TaK H BHeiUHHMH yCAOBHHMH C0B6TCK0H CTpaHbl, HaxoAHiueficH b KannTajiHCTH'iecKOM oKpy>KeHHH. ApMHH HyxiHa 6buia Co- BeTCKOMy rocy^apcTBy KaK opyune 6opb6u TpyAJimHXcn npoTHB CBeprayrax BKCnJIOâTaTOpCKHX KJiaCCOB H npoTHB HanaA&HBH CO CTOpOHbl HHOCTpaHHblX HMnepnajiHCTOB.
n o c jie noßeflbi Bcahkoh OiKTaSpbćKofl couHaJiHCTHHecKoö peBOAiouHH, HecMOTpa Ha MHpHyio noAHTHKy ooseTCKOTO npaBHTeAbCTBa, npoTHB GoseT- CKOH Pocchh Hanajiocb* BoeHHoe HaiuecTBHe hhoçtpühhhx — HeMenKiix, a 3a- TeM aHrjiHÜCKHX, $paHiiy3CKHX, hitohckhx h aMepuKaHCKHx — HMnepnajiH- CTOB, BblCTynHBIUHX B ÖAOK6 C BHyTpCHHSfi KOHTppeB0AK)II,Hefi. Byp>Kya3HO- nOMemHH'bH KOHTppeBOJIPOUHH, CÖAQKHpOBaBlUHCb C HHQCTpaHHHMH HMIiepHa- JIHCT3MH, cTaBHJia ce6e uejibK) CBeprayTb BJiacTb paöoHHX h KpecTbHH, CHOBa HaaeTb Ha HapoAHbie Maccbi apMo noMemHHbe-KanHTajuiCTHHecKoro paôcTBa.
íIoaao npeaaßaa HaunoHajibHbie HHiepecu CTpaabi, noMeuxHKH h KanHTa- jiHCTbi roTOBbi SbuiH pacnpoAaTb Haiuy PoAHHy 3apy6cÄHbiM HMnepHajiHCTH- HeCKHM XHLUHHK3M, BHOBb npeßpaTHTb eë B nOAyKOAOHHIO HHOCTpaHHOFO Ka- HHTaAa.
Mroßbl OTCTOHTb 3aBQeBaHHH Bę.JIHKOH OXTHÖpbCKOH COItHaAHCTHHeCKOM peBOJHOUHH, OTCTOHTb nOAAHHHO HapOAHytO, COBSTCKyK) BA3CTb — BA3CTb paöoHHX h KpecTbHH, — HToSbi 3auiHTHTb HCsaBHCHMOCTb CTpaHbi h oöecne- HHTb yCAOBHH AAH CTpOHTejIbCTBa COUHajlHCTHTCCKOTO OÖIUeCTBa, HeOÖXO- AHMO ÖblJIO C03AaTb HOByiO, COBCTCKyiO, paÖOHe-KpeCTbHHCKyiO apMHK).
28 (1 5 ) HHBapn 1918 roAa JFeHHH noAnncaA AenpeT o5 opraHH3anna Paöone-KpecTbHHCKoß KpacHoß ApMHH. CoßeTCKaH ApMHH poAHAacb b
5opb6e npoTHB HeMenKHx OKKynanTOB, HanaBuinx TOTAa Ha MOjioAyio Co- BeTCKyio pecnyÖAHKy. B c|)eBpaAbCKHe ¿[hh ( 918 roAa b o>KecTOH«H- Hbix 60HX noA HapBoS h FIckobom nepBbie MOjiOAbie iioakh KpacHoß ApMHH AHAH peiiiHTeAbHbiH OTnop OTßopHHM HeweuKHM AHBH3HHM h nperpaAHAH He- M611KHM oKKynaHTaM nyTb k FleTporpaAy. ZFei-ib 23 cJæBpaAH 1918 r o A a - - Aeub oTnopa hcmcukhm OKKynaHTaM — ct3a ahöm po>k a6hhh CoBeTCKOîî ApMHH.
JleHHH h Ctaahh c BeAiHianmefi 3a6oToñ H aio6obwo pacTHjm CoBeTCKyio ApMHio, yxpepAHAH eë cham, 0praHH30BanH0CTb h AHcminAi-iHy, noBbimaAM ee noAHTHHecKyro oo3HaTeAbHCCTb, öoeßyio roTOBHOCTb. JleHHH h Ct8ahh
pyKOBOAHAH bccm AeAOM 3amHTbi MOAOAOH CoBeTCKOH pecnyÖAHKH. Toßapimi CT3AHH, ÖAHJKaHLHHH COpaTHHK JleHHHa, 6bIA HenOCpeACTBeHHbIM opraHH- 3aTopoM Bcex KpynHeÄaiHX noßeA CoaercKOH ApMHH. Toßapum Cthahh ywe
b roAbi rpaJKAancKOH bohhm 3aKAaAHBaA ochobh hoboö, coßeTCKOH bochhoh
HayKH, ocpoBbi caMoro nepeAOBoro b Mnpe coßeTCKoro BoeHHoro HCKyccTBa.
Py koboahm an JleHHHbiM h CTaAHHbiM, CoBeTCKaa Apmhh 0Aep»caAa cAaBHbie noöeAbi b toali rpa>KAaHCKOH b o h h h. OHa pa3ÖHAa KOHTppeBo- AiouHOHHbie noAHHma KoAHaxa, üeHHKHHa, IÜAeHHHa, BpaHreAH, BbiujHÖAa
boh h3 npeAeAOB Hamefl CTpaHbi HeMeuKHX, a bcaca 3a hhmh 3htahhckhx, c|jpaHUy3CKHX, HnOHCKHX H aMepHK3HCKHX HHTepBeHTOB.
rioöeAa, 0Aep>KaH«aH Cobctckoh ApMHeñ naA BnyrpenneS KOHTppeBo- AK)HHeH H HHOCTpaHHbIMH HHTepBeHT3MH, 03HaHaAa, HTO n e p B bl H B O O p y - K é n H b i H n o X 0 a c h JJ h M n e p h a ah 3 M a Ha Co b e tc ky fo
n E F B S Q B A H 3
C T p a H y 6 b i j i p a 3 6 h T, lu ja r a iiHocTparabix nMnepnajincTOB, paccun- TaHHbie Ha cBepjKeHHe CoBeTCKoñ BJiacxH u Ha 3aKa6ajieHne Haiueñ cxpaHbi, noTepnejiH nojiHoe KpymeHHe. E jiaroaap« stoh noßeae CoBeTCKau CTpaHa nojiyHHJia B03M0>KH0CTb nepeñTH k MnpHOMy couHajiHCTimecKOMy CTpoii- TejibCTBy.
*. *
*
Pa3BëpTbiBaB CTpoHTejjbctBO co ima jiHCTHHec koro oßmecTBa, cobctckhh
Hapoa, pyKOBoaHMbiH napTHpfl JleHiiHa— CTajiiina, Bcerua nponBJisui 6b,h- TejlbHOCTb no OTHOUJSHHJO K npOHCKHM BpaJKlieÖHOro KanHTa.UHCTHHeCKOrO OKpy>KeHHH. «EeperHTe oßopoHocnocoÖHOCTb Hauieö cTpanu h Hamen Kpac-
hoö apMHH, KaK 3eHHuy ona»,’— roBopnji J Ichhh. FbinojiHHH 3a3eTbi JleHHHa,
cobctckhö Hapoa non BounTejibCTBOM CrajiHHa HsycTaHHO yKperuiBJi oöopony CoBeTCKoro rocyuapcTBa, BceMepHO yciuiHsaji cbojo apMHio.
HMnepnajiHCTbi 3ana/ia h BocTOKa H3 kohih boh jie3Jin, H3ompHHCb b
ClBOHX noiyibix K03H5JX npOTHB GOBeTCXOTO G0K)3a, nblTaHCb COpaaTb MHpKOG couBajiHCTH'MecKoe cTpoHTejibCTBO b Haiueñ cTpane. ÆocTaTOUHio HanoMHHTb T3KHC cjjaKTbi, i<ai< narjibie npHTH3anuH HMnepnajinCTOB Ha reHy33CiKOÖ koh- cjjepeHUHH b 1922 ro a y, Kan npoBOKaiiHOHHbift yjibTiiMaTyM a h r jihhckoro m h- HHCTpa Ke peona >b 1923 ro u y, pa3puB AurJiHeñ uHiruiiOMaTHuecKHX h Topro- Bbix cHoiueHHH c CCCP b 1927 ro u y , hHonhpupob an hmh n'MinepnajiHCTaMH HacKOK KH'TañcKHx MiuiHxapKCTOB Ha CCCP b 1929 ro u y, npoBoxauH« huoh-
ckhx HMnepHajiucTOB b 1938— 1939 roaax, no3opHoe MioHxeHCKoe corjia- meiHßie AnrjiHH u Opanm-iu c r htji e po bck o h PepMaHHefi, aaKjuoH&HHoe hmh c
uejibio ho a t ojiK'Hy t b rHTJiepo'BneB k HanaaeHHio na CCCP.
HecMOTpa Ha Bce ko3Hh h npoBOKauHH HMnepnajiHCTOB, CoBeTCKiiñ Co- K)3 TB-ëpao H HeyKJiOHHO npoBoaiur nojiHTHKy Mapa. B 6opb6e 3a MHp CoseT- CKHfi C0103 onupajicH Ha pacTymee MorymecTBO CTpaHbi h cnjiy CoBeTCKoñ ApMHH.
Bjiaroaapa ocymecTBjieHHio Myapon jihhiih napTHH JlemiHa — C iaaiiH a Ha oouHajiHCTiniecKyio imaycTpHajiH3auHio cipaHbi h K0JiJieKTHBH3ai»no ceabCKoro xo3miCTBa CoBeTCKiiñ Cnio3 H3 cipaHbi cjiaôofi, He noaro- TOBjieHHoñ k oöopoHe, «npeapaTHacfl b CTpaHy Moryuyto b CMbicae oôopoHo- cnocoÔHOCTH, b CTpaHy, roTOByio ko bchkhm cayuaMHOCTHM, b CTpaHy, cnocoô- i-iyio npoii3BoaHTb b MacçoBOM MacuiTaße Bce coBpeMeiiHbie opyann o&opoHw
h cHaöaHTb hmh CBoio apMiuo b c jiy ia e HanaaeHiui H3BHe» (C t a a hh).
Ha ocHOBe nocTpoemiH couHaaH3Ma b nameñ cTpaHe B03HHKao h oKpen- ao MopaabHO-noaHTHaecKoe eamicTBO cobctckoto oômecTBa, oxpenaa Hepy- uiHMaH ôpaTCKan apya<6a napoaoB CoBeTCKoro Coio3a — aeram e Myapoñ aeiiHHCKo-CTaaiiHCKOH HamionaJlbHofl nojiHTHKii,— oxpen h pasBHJica jkhbo- TBOpHblfl COBerCKHH naTpi-IOTHSM HapoaHpIX Macc.
BoabuieBHCTCioH napTim noa pyKOBoacTBOM TOBapHuia CTaaHHa pas- rpoMiiaa noaabix BparoB Hapoaa — TpouKHCTCKO-ôyxapHHCKnx areiiTOB h
mniioHOiB 4)aui«3Ma, — nbiTaBLiiMxcH copeaTb jiefiHHCKO-cTajiHHCKHfi njian coiuiaancTimecKofl HHaycTpHaaH3auHn crpanw h KOJUieKTHBH3aiiHH ceab- CKoro xo3f>:cTBa, noaopBaTb oôopony Hameñ PoanHH, pa3opy>i:iiTb Haiu Ha- poa h oTaaTb ero b paôcTBO t^ainiiCTCKHM usBepraM. Pa3rpoM npeaaTeaeü
4 H E P E A O B A H
h H3MeHHHK0B Poahhh 03HaHaji, ato pacaéTbi (|)amH3Ma Ha «nHTyio KOAOHHy»
b namefl CTpaHe npoBajiHJiHCb.
yKa3biBan Ha onacHOCTb hoboh HHTepBenuHH co CTopoHbi BpaacflefíHoro KanHTajiHCTHHecKoro oKpy>KeHHH h npHauBaH BceMepHo y a p e n jia ib oSopono- onocoSHOCTb CCCP, TOfiapc-im CiajiMH BbipamaA nojinyio yBepeHHoCTb b tom,
ato coBeTCKiiH napcA h ero DOopyjK'eH'Hbie chjih oaepjKaT noS.eay aaa hho- CTpaHHoñ HHTepBeHUHeñ. ToBapHiu. CTajiim roBopmi, it o «CoBeTCKHH HapoA
h ero KpacHaa apMna ripn npaBHjibHoñ noJiHTHKe CoBeTCKoñ BjiacTH cyMeior jia rb HaAJiescamnH oxnop hoboh HHocTpanHoñ KanHTajiHCTHaecKOñ HHiep*
BeHIXHH T3K }Ke, K3K OHH AajIH OTIIOp HepBOH KanHtajTHCTHHeCKOH HHTepBeá-
uhh b 1918— 1920 ro /ia x » (« Hctophh BKPI(6). KpaTKHñ Kype», CTp. 262).
PeHuajibHoe npeflBHfleHHe TOBaprnua CrajiHHa nojmocTbío noATBepAH- oiocb BceM flajibHeñmHM xoaom coóhthh. CofiercKHH HapoA, pyKOBOAHMbiñ OojibmeBHCTCKoñ napTHeñ, pa3rpoMiui Bcex BparoB, noKymaBuiHXCH Ha CBoóoay h He3aBHCHMOCTb Hameñ Po a h h h.
C ajia CoBeTCKoñ ApMHH npoHBHjiacb yate b Tex coKpyuiHTejibHbix y/ta- pax, KOTOpbie OHa HaHecjia hitiohckhm npoBOKaTQpaM bohhh b 6ohx y o3epa Xacan, Ha XaoiXHH-rojie h b óonx c 6ejio<f)HHHaMH, AaB peuiHTejibHbiñ om op arpeccopaM, nocaraBiUHM Ha HHTepecbi CoBeTCKoñ CTpaHbi.
BejiHHañmyio, noHCTHHe BceMnpH0íiCTópHHecKy{0 noSeAy oflepacajia Co- BeTCKaa ApMHH b BejiHKoñ OieAecTBei-iHoñ Boíme 1941 — 1945 toaob.
HauiecTBue niTjiepoBCKoñ PepMaHHH h eé cooómHHKOB Ha CoBeTCKHÍ’i
C 0 1 0 3 npeACTaBJiHjio coSoñ BTopoñ (nocjie nepuoAa HHocrpaHi-ioñ BoenHoñ HHTepBenuHH e 1918— 1920 roAax) KpyiMieñuíHñ h o>k e ctoaeaiieñ¡i ikvi rioxoA
HMnepaajiHCTHHecKHx chji npoTHB CTpanbi no0eAHBmero cou.HajiH3Ma.
BoñHa, HaBH3aHH3H Hameñ crpaHe ruTjiepoBCKOH repMaHHeñ, 6buia ca- MOH JKeCTOK'Oñ « THJK'éAOH H3 B'CCX ©Ofi'H, KOTAa-AHÓO nepe>KHTbIX Hameñ Po-
ahhoh. B TeaeHHe Tpéx jieT CoBeTCKan ApMHH oahh ita oahh cpaaojia cb npoTHB HeMeuKo-cjoamHCTCKOü apMHH a HaHecjia n-iuiepoBuaM coKpyuiHTejib- Hbie yaapbi, npeapeiuHB no6eay Haa rnuiepoBCKofl repMaHHeñ. AHrjiHH h
G UIA OTKpbIJlH BTopoñ CppOHT üpOTHB riITJiepOBCKOH PepMaHHH TOJlbKO 3 1944 ro a y, Kor^a BbiHCHHjiocb, ato CoBeTCKHH C0103 b coctohhhh 6ea nOMOHlH C0I03HHK0B, CBOHMH CoScTBeHHbIMH CHJT3MH, OKKyiIHpOBaTb BCK) FepM3HHK) H OCymeCTBHTb OCBo6o>KA6HHe <J>paHU.HH. JXa H HOCJie OTKpbITHH BToporo (jopoHTa peuiaromne epaaceHHH npoHCxoaHJiH na coBeTCKO-repMaH-
ckom (ppoHT-e. CoBeTCKaa ApMHH nojiHOCTbK) pa3rpOMHJia rHTjiepoBCKyio apMHFO H BOApy3HJia 3H3MH no6eAbI HaA BepJlHHOM.
BejiHKan OTeaecTBeHHan BoñHa coBeTCKoro napo^a npoTHB rHTjiepoBCKoñ PepMaHHH aaBepuiHJiacb BejinnaHuieñ noóeAoñ. 3Ta noóeaa 03HaHajia, hto h
B T . o p p ñ h a t m c ¡k c a á H M n e p H a j i ' H 3 M a H a n e p B y i o b mh p e c o u n a j i H C T H H e c K y f O C T p a H y n o T e p n e j i n o p a >k e hh e.
«B roflbi rp a >ka a hckioh 'boh-hh KpacHaa ApMHH OTCTOHJia ot MHoroHHc- ACHHbix BparoB MOAOAoe coiRercKoe rocyaapcTBo. B b€A«khx 6htb3x Otchc ctbchuoh Bofnibi npoTHB HeMeuKoro HaixiecTBHH KpacHaa ApMHH cnacjia h£- poAw CoBeTCKioro Coio3a ot heMéuko-(pauihctckoro paScTBa, OTCTOHjia cbo- 6o a y h h e3 a© hchmioct b Hameñ PoAHHbi h n o iio rjia HapoAaM Euponbi cQpocHTb HeMenKoe uro» (C t a a hh).
Pemaíomyio poab cbirpaaa CoBeTCKaH ApMHH h b pa3rpOMe HMne-
n E P E jio B A a 5
puajiHCTmecKoñ HnoHHH. Cobctckhc BOHCKa b reqeHHe AByx neaejib pa3rpo-
mhjih KpynHyio nnoHCKyro KBaHTyHCKyro apMHio n ocBodonHJiH ot
nnoHCKHX HMnepHajiHCTOB MaHbq>xypHK), IO>KHbiñ CaxajrtiH, CeBepHyro Ko- peio h KypujibCKHe ocipoBa. CfpeMHTejibHoe HacrynjieHHe CoBeTCKoñ ApMHH h pa3rpoM ero HnoHCKoii KBaHTyHCKoñ apMHH BbmyAHJiH Í Iiiohhk) k
6e3oroBopoqHOH KanmyjiHUKH.
EceMHpHOHCTopHqecKHe nodenM, oaep>KaHHbie CoBeTCKoíi ApM iieii b
BOHHe npOTHB cjDaUJHCTCKOñ repM3H.HH H HMnepHaJIHCTHHeCKOH HnOHHH, noKa3ajin, hto CoBeTCKaa ApMHH HBJiHeica «nepBOKJiaccHoii apMHeñ Ha
rnero BpeMeHH, HMeromeñ Bnojme coBpeMeHHoe BOopy/KeHHe, onbiT- HeñuiHñ KOMaHjHbiH oociaB h BbicoKHe MopajibHo-CoeBbie KaaeciBa. He Hy>KHO 3a6bIBaTb, HTO KpaCHaH ApMHH HBJIHeTCH TOñ eaMOH apMHeñ, KOTOpaH ea rojroiBy pasdnjia repMaHCKyro apMHio, Bnepa eme HaBiOflHBuiyio y>xac Ha
apMHH ©apojréñoKHx rocyziapcTB... Flocjie djiecTHiuñx node,a KpacHofi A p MHH non. Mockboh h CTajinarpaflOM, non Kypcwow « EejiropoaoM, non Kne-
bom h KHpoBorpaaoM, noa Mhiickom h BodpyHCKOM, noa JleHHHrpanoM h
T ajummoiM, inoa ^1 -ccamh h JlbBOBOM, Ha Bhcjic h. H e m a h e, na Xlynae h Oaepe, noa Bei-roñ h BepjifHHOM, — nocjie Bcero a fo ro Hejib3H He npH3Harb, m o KpacHan ApMHH hbjihctch nepBOKJiaccHoñ apMHeñ, y Koropoñ mojkko 6b¡-
jio 6bi noy'iHTbCH MnoroMy» (C t a.ji hh).
* &
:fc
OcHOBa BejiHHaflmefl chjih CoBeTCKoñ Apmhh 3aKJiroqaeTCH b tom,
hto oHa HBJIHeTCH apMHeñ CoBeTCKoro coiiHajiHCTHHecKoro rocyaapcTBa, caMoro nepeaoBoro b Mi-ipe odmecTBenHoro cipon. «CouHajmcTHqecKHñ CTpoñ, nopo>KfléHHbiS OKTHdpbCKoñ peBOjrrouHeH, roBopaji TOBapnm CrajiiHH, — a a ji HameMy Hapoay ra Harnea apMHH B ejim yio ih «enpeoóopnMyro CHJiy».
B ycjioBHHX coBeTCKoro crpon KopeHHoe H3MeHeHHe npoH3omjio b caMofi npupoae apMHH. B KanHTajiHCTtmécKHx rocyaapcfB ax apMHH — aro opyflne
b pyxax rocnoflCTBytómHX KJiaccoB aan noaaBjieHHH TpyanmHxcH BHyrpH CTpaHbi, zuih 3axBaTOB, rpademeñ h noaaBjieHHH a pyrnx HapoaoB. 3th qep- Tbi apMHH KanHTajiHCTHqecKHX rocyaapCTB oco6eHno pe3i<o npoaBHjiHCb b niT- jiepoBCKoñ rpaSHTejibCKoñ, pasdoñiiHabeft apMHH, KOTopan yrHeTajia, nopa- dom ajia h c})H3HqecKH ncTpedaajia napoabi Emporra. 3Ty apMiiro npoKjiHHaror MHjyiHOHbi aioaeñ b EBpone, KoxopbiM ona npHHecjia Tamañirme cTpaaaHiiH.
B nocjieBoeHHbiH nepnoa HMnepHaaHCTbi CUJA, AurjiHH, OpaHiiim CTpe- MHTCH HCn0Jlb30BaTb CBOH BOOpy>KeHHbie CHJIbl flJIH TeX >Ke peaKU.HOHHbIX, rpadHTejibCKHX ueaeñ, hto h neMeu,KHe cjiauiHCTbi. Boncxa Ahtjihh b nocjie- BoeHHoe BpeMH 3anHTHaJiH ceda no3opHbiMH aeJiaMH b Epeunn, ErnnTe, Hhjio- He3HH, Hhjihh, rae ohii BunoanHiox naaaqecKHe cjjyHKUHH no noaaBJieHuro napoflHbix ABH>KeHHH. Ohh Hecyr c codo« paccipeabi MiipHoro HacejieHHH, BOCCraHOBJieHHe yrHeiaTejibCKHX pemHMOB, rocnoacTBO caMou CBHpenoii peaKUHH. AMepHKaHCKaH BpeHiiiHHa aKTHBHo noaaepxíHBaeT peaxuHOHHbie
chjih b KHTae, rpem-iH, yrpomaeT HHTepBeHuneH HiajibHHCKOMy Hapoay.
Mac™ (JipaHuy3CKOH apMHH BeavT dopbdy no noaaBJieHHio HaunoHajibHO- ocBodoaHfejibHoro flBii>KeHHH b H uao-K urae, a b caMon Oparrami ee npa-
t; H E P E /IO B A H
\ ... ... "■ ■" ■ BHTejin Hcnojib3yiOT BOOpyjKeHHbie ghjih hjih pacnpaB c paSontiMH a KpeCTbSIHaMH.
CoBeTCKan ApMHH ecTb nepBaa b Mnpe noaaHHHo HapoaHaa apMHa. aa- OiHinaioiuaa HHtepecu Hapoaa, CBa3aHHaa c HapoaoM caMbiMH TecHbiMH y3a-
m h. XapaF<xepH3ya Bawiiefimne ocoCchhocth CoBercKoft ApMHH, Tosapnm CrajiHn yKa3bfBa,n, qro Hama apMHa ecTb apMHa oGBoSomaeHHbix pafioqnx
h KpecTbHH, apMHa OKTaSpbCKofl peBdarouHH, apMHa CpatCTBa Mex<ay Hapo- aaMH eahigh ctpanbi, apMHa 3amHTbi CEoOoabi m He3aB®cnMocrH HapoaoB Hamefl CTpanw. B sthx ocoSeHHOCTax Cobgtckoh ApMHH 3aKjnoaeHa ee cHaa H HGCOKpyiHHMOCTb.
EooayiueBJieHHaa HaeeH 3am H ra CBoefl counajiHCTHaecKOH PoaHHbi, Co- BerCKaa ApMHa noKa3aaa HeBHaaHHbie b hctophh bohh My>KecTBo, cToSKocrb
h repoH3M. B M accoBO M repoH3M'e, npoaBjieHHOM cobgtckhmh bohh3mh b
OTeaecTBenHOH bohhg, cKa3aaacb BeaHKaa acHBonBopHaa cnjia coBGTCKoro narpHOTH3Ma.
B 6oax 3a CBoSoay h He3aBHCHM0CTb Haweft coBeTCKoft PoaHHbi repow- aecKH cpa>KajiHCb cbiHbi h aoaepH Bcex HapoaoB Cobgtckoto Coto3a bo raaBe C BeJIHKHM pyCCKHM HapoaOM, HBJIHIOmHMCH, KaK OTMeTHJl TOBapHIH CTajIHH, naH6ojiee Bbiaarouieftca HauHefi H3 Bcex HauHfi, BxoaamHX b cocras CoBer- CKoro Coro3a, h 3acay>KHBmHM b BoliHe o6mee npH3HanHe KaK pyKOBoaameH CHjibi CoBGTCKoro C o m a . Cpean coBeTCKHX bohhob, Harpaa<aeHHbix opaeHa-
mh h MeaajiaMH, HMeioTca bohhh 193 HauHOHajibHocTeH h HapoanocieH namea BeJIHKOfi PoaHHbl.
GoBercKHfl counajihcthhgckhh crpofi He ToabKo HSMenna npHpoay ap-
mhh, ho h C03aaa aaa He-e HeBHaaHHbifi paHee no cBoeft Kpenocin Tbia, o6et- nenHBaromHfi apMHio BceM HeoOxoauMbiM Boopy>KenHeM h cHa6»enHeM.
CoBeTCKaa Apmhh noSeanaa b OreqecTBeHHOH bohhg noTOMy, hto Becb coBeTCKHH Hapoa oi<a3aa eft MomHyio noaaepx<Ky. Baaroaapa TpyaoBOMy repoH3My coBeTCKoro paOonero Kaacca b xoae Boftnbi 6biao ycneuiHo aHKBH- anpoBaHO npeBOcxoacTBo Bpara b TaHKax, caMoaeTax. Onupaacb Ha MOry- mecTBO couHaaHCTHnecKOH HHaycTpHH, paSoHHH Kaacc CCCP aaa Cobgtckoh
A pMHH HaHjiyqmee Boopy>KeHHe: npeBocxoaHbie cKopocTHbie caM oaem —•
HCTpeSHTeaH, 6OM0apaHpOBm.HKH H IUTypMOBHKH, — HOBbie COBpeMeHHblG Mouufbie t3hkh, nepBOKaaccHyro raxeeayio, 3eHHiHyio h peaKTHBHyio apTHa- aeprno, r<pyniibie MHHOMeTbi, cKopocrpejbHbie nymKH. K kohiiv OreHecTBeH- HOii BOiiiibi CoBeTCKaa ApMHa HMeaa Soabrne, neM b MHpHoe BpeMa: apraa- aepHH — b 5 pa3, TaHKOB — b 15 pa3, caMoaeTOB — b 5 pa3. BeaHHaftmaa MOiub Cobgtckoh ApMHH ci<a3aaacb b Tex coKpyuiHTeabHbix yaapax, KOTopbie ona nanocHaa rHTaepoBCKofl aDMHH. B 3aKaioHHTeabHOM cpajKGHHH noa BepaimoM co CToponbi Cobgtckoh Ap-MHH yaacTBOBaao 41 000 CTBoaoB apTiiaaepHH h mhhomgtob, 8400 caMoaeTOB, 6oaee 6300 coBpeMGHHbix Tan-
kob npopbma. CoBeTCKaa ApMHa pa3rpOMHaa Bpara oreqecTBeHHbiM, coBer- CKHM OpyJKHeM, OTeHeCTBeTIHOH BOeHHOH TeXHHKoS, CoBeTCKOe KpeCTbHHCTBO, ontipaacb na MOHib KOax03Horo CTpoa, b Tpyanbix ycaoBHax bohhu CHa6>i<aao ConeTCKyro ApMHio h HaceaeHHe CTpanbi npoaoBoabCTBHeM, a npPMbimaen- HOCTb cbipbGM. CoBeTCKaa HHTeaaHTeHUHH npeaaHHO paSoTaaa Ha aeao 0 6 0- poiibi Hameg PoaHHbi,. HenpepuBHo coBepuiencTBya Boopy/Kenne CoBercKoft
n E F E A O B A H 7
ApMHH, TexHHKy M opraHHaaiiHio npoH3BoacTBa, aBHraa Bnepëfl coBeTCkyio Hayiîy h K yjibiypy.
B xone BejîHKOH OreaecTBeHHOH bohhh c hoboô chjioh CKa3ajiHCb Bce npeHMyuiecTBa cOBeTCKoft skohomhkh naa skohomhkoô KaniiTajiHCTHHeCKHx crpaH, bch MOinb counajiHCTHaecKOH npoMbimjieHHOCTH h KOjixo3Horo CTpoa.
CHJia CoBeTCKOH ApMHH COCTOHT B TOM, HTO OHa pyKOBOflCTByeTCH ca- MOH nepeaoBOH b MHpe cobgtckoh BoeHHOÜ CTparerHen h t3kthkoh, paspa- ÔOTaHHblMH BÊJIHKHM CîajIHHblM.
rio a BOÂHTejibcTBOM EepxoBHoro fjiaBHOKOMaHayiomero TeHepajiHC- CHMyca CoBeTCKOro CoK>3a TOBapnma CïajiHHa CoBercKaa ApMHH jEbipocjia b CHjibHVK), Mcwi-iyio h aaKajr&HHyio coBpeMeHHyro áptero, npeaso- uieamyîo epara c&ohm bohhckhm HCxyccTiBOM h Öoeßon TexHHKoñ. BejiHKHÖ CîajiHH — BaoxHöBHTejib h opraHH3aTOp CJiaBHMx nofíen CoBeTCKoß ApMHH — noÆHHJi Ha BejiHiaömyio Bbicoty cOBerCKoe Boennoe HCKycctBO, pa3BHji aajibiue CoBßTCKyio BoeHHyfö Hayxy.
«ToBapHUi CîajiHH pa3pa6öTaji nojio>KenHe o hoctohhho neßcTByiomHx cpaKTOpax, pemaiorüHX cykböy bohhh, 06 aKTHBHofi oßopone h 33KOHax KOHTpHaCTynJieHHH H HaCTyrmeHHH. O B3aHMO,HeHCTBHH pOÜOB BOHCK H öoe- BOÖ TeXHHKH B COBpeMeHHblX yCJIOBHHX BOHHbi, 0 pOJIH ÖOJlbUIHX Macc TaH- KOB h aBHauHH b coBpeMeHHoß boöhs, 06 apTHjijiepHH, Kan caMOM MoryneM pone BOHCK. Ha pa3Hbix STanax boöhh CTajiHHCKHfi reHHß HaxonHJi npa- BHjibHbie pemeHHH, riojinocTbio yHHTbiBaiomHe ocoßenHOCTH o6ct3Hobkh» («HochcJ) ßHccapHoHOBHH CîajiHH. KpaTKaa ÖHorpaiJiHH», c ip . 231).
C reHHajibHOH npoHHuatejibHocTbro pasranbiBaji TOBapHui CrajiHH njiakbi Bpara h OTpaxtaji hx. B cpaateHHax, KöTopbie Bejia CoBeTCKaa ApMHH, Bonjiomeubi BbiaatomnecH o6pa3u.bi BoeHHoro onepaTHBHoro HCKyccTBa.
TOBapHIH CîajiHH BOCnHTajI H BblABHHyjI Ha OTBSTCTBGHHbie nOCTbl HOBblS pyKOBOiinmne BoeuHbie Kanpu, BbiHecmne na cbohx HJieaax bck> THxeCTb
bohhh c FepMaHHen.
CoBercKHH napon h ero cjiaBHaa apMHH onepwajiH ncßeny Han BparoM noTOMy, m o pyKOBonamefl h Hanpaßjiaiomeit chjioiI CoßeTCKoro rocynapcTBa HBjiHeTCH napTHH JieHHH a— CïajiHHa, KOTopaa HeycTaHHo Kpennjia h KpenHT MorymecTBo nauieñ Poahhh h eë Boopy?KëHHbix chji, BO-cnurbiBajia h Bocnn- TbiBaeT Ham napon b nyxe BejiHKHX Hfleñ jieHHHH3Ma.
B nepHon BejîHKOH OTeaecTBeHHoß boöhh coseTCKHft Hapon erne Sojiee cnjioTHjica BOKpyr cBoefi poAHoß öojibuieBHCTCKoö naprHH, BOKpyr jiioÔHMoro
boh<ah — TOBapHuta CïajiHHa. BojibmeBHcrcKaa napraa, cnjibHaa CBoefi rjiy - ÔOHafilUeH CBH3bKJ C HapOAHblMH MaCCaMH, aBHJiaCb BnOXHOBHTejieM h opra- HH3aTopoM BcenapoAHoii 6opb6bi npoTHB cpaiiiHCTCKHX 3axBarHHK0B. OpraiiH- 3aropcKaa paôoîa napTHH coenHHHjia BoenHHo h HanpasHJia k oßmefi uejin Bce ycHjina coBeTCKiix jnoneft, hoahhhhb Bce chjih h cpencTBa CTpaHbi neny pa3rpoMa Bpara. KoMMyHHCTw h KOMCOMOJibUbi iujih b nepBbix panax ßopuoß na fjipoHTe öopböbi npoTHB HeMeuKO-^amucTCKHx saxBaTHHKOB, BnoxnoBJiaa BOHHOB CoBeTCKOÖ ApMHH, n0Ka3bIB3H 06pa3Hb! OTBaTH, My>KeCTB3, xpaßpo- CTH, caMooTBep>i<eHHocTH, yMeHba BoeBaTb. B nepHon Be.THKofi OreqecTBPH- HOH BOHHbi ßo.nbiueBHCTCKaa napTiia pa3T>acnajia coBercKHM bohh3m cMbicn
h uejiH BOHHbi, ynpenjiajia SoeBOH nyx, npHBHBajia hm öeccTpamne h nHcmin- JiHHy, BOcntiTbiBajia y hhx 6e33aBeTiiyio JiioöoBb k PoAHHe.
8 ITEPEJIOBAH
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ECH TpHJÍUaTHJieTHHST HCTOpHH CoBeTCKOH ApMHH CBHUeTCJIbCTBVeT, HTO oHa hoctohho BbinojiHHer CBoé HCTopHaecKoe HasHaaeHHe — 3auiHTy nepBoro
b MHpe CoBeTCKoro couHajiHCTHnecKoro rocyaapcTBa, aeaa hcthhhoh aeMO- KpaTHH h couHajiH3Ma ot noKyuieHHñ MMnepHajiH3Ma.
CoBetcKaa ApMHH nojib3yeTCH óecnpeaeabnoñ aioóoBbio TpyaHiHHXCH Hauieñ cTpaHbi, hx 6e3rpaHHHHoñ noaaepxcKoñ. CoBexcKaH ApMHH 3aBoeBaaa TaK?Ke CHMnaTHH cpe^H HapoaHbix Mace eBponeñcKHX CTpaH, KOTopbiM OHa npHHecjia H36aBjieHHe ot rHTjiepoBCKoro rHéxa. B to BpeMH Kax b CTpa- Hax, r a e 6 b im . hjih eme ociaiOTCH aHrjro-aMepHKaHCKHe Boñcna, Hacaxcaa- IOTCH peaKUHOHHbie pe>KHMbI H noaaBJIHIOTCH aeMOKpaTHHeCKHe CHJIbl, —
b CTpaHax, ocBo6ox<ziéHHbix CoBeTCKoñ ApMHeñ ot cjiamHCTCKoro Hra, Hapoabi CBepran nporHHBiiiHe peaicmioHHbie pex<HMbi, yapennaH cbok> He3a- BHCHMOCTb, C03HaaH yCJIOBHH flJIH paCHBeTa nOaaHHHOñ aeMOKpaTHH.
CoBeTCKan ApMHH hbhhctch HecoKpyatHMbiM oruioTOM aeMOKpaxHH hco- unaaH3Ma. Oea TBépao ctoht Ha CTpaxce MHpa, oKpyjKéHHan rjiyScKoñ jno- ÓoBbK) coBeTCKoro napoaa, mhjtjihohob xpyaHiHHXcH Bcex CTpaH. CBo6oaoaio- ÓHBbie Hapoabi cnpaBeajiHBO bh^ht b CoBeTCKoñ ApMHH o n o p y aejia M H pa,
cbohx cyBepeHHbix npaB u ne3aBHCHMOCTH.
rio6eaa, oaepxíaHHan Cobctcroh A pM H eñ b B e jiH K o ñ OreHecTBeHHOH
B O ñH e, aajia COiBeTC'K'OiMy Hapoay BOBMOXíK'OCTb BHOlBb m»pO¡KO pa3BepHyTb COHHajlHCTHHeCK'Oe CTpOHTejIbCTBO B ycaOBHHX MEp-HOrO BpeMeHH,
CTaaHHCKHH nOCJieBOeHHblñ nHTHJieTHHH njiaH BOCCTaHOBJieHHH H Aajlb- Heñmero P33bhthh HapoaHoro xo3hhctb3 pacKpbia nepea cobctckhm Hapo- BeJiHHecTBeHiHbie nepcneKTHSbi aajibHeñmero pacuaeTa Hameñ PoaHHbi.
CoBeTCKHH Hapoa, pyKoiS'oaHMbiñ napTHeñ Jlerarma — CraaHHa, ycnemno ocymecTBjineT naTHJieTHHñ naaH, aocraran hobmx h hobhx ycnexoB bo Bcex OTpaCJIHX HapOaHOPO X03HHCTBa H KyjIbTypbl.
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B npOHHOM M H p e H HeyKJIOHHO Ó opeTCH 3 a M H p H 6 e 3 0 n aC H 0 CTb H a p o a O B . C o
BeTCKHH CO K )3 He MOJKeT He npOHBJIHTb 6 flH TejIbH O C TH nO OTHOlUeHHK) K a r p e c - CHBHblM BO JKaejieHHHM CO CTOpOHbl B p a > K a e 6 HOrO, a H T H ae M O K p a T H H e - ckoto h H M n e p H a jiH C T H H e c K o ro j i a r e p n , B0 3 r jia B jiH e M o r o CHIA.
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tcm CBHpenee npoHBjiaeT oh ce0H Kan bo BHyTpeHHeñ, Tan h b MemayHapoa-
hoh nojiHTHxe. riocjieBoeHHbin nepnoa 03naMeH0BajicH Harjioñ 2*KcnaHCHOHHCT-
ckoh nojiHTHKoñ CUJA, BbipaHcaiomeH arpeccHBHbie BoeHHo-nojiHTHHecKHe njianbi aMepHKancKoro HMnepHajiH3Ma, CTpeMHmerocn k wHpoBOMy roenoa- CTBy. rioKa3aTeaeM hbho arpeccuBHoñ noaHTHKH CUJA, a T3K>Ke AuraHi?
hbjihkdtch cJiaKTbi coxpaHeHHH oóbeanHeHHoro aHrao-aMepHKaHCKoro BoeH- Horo mTa6a, CKoaaaHBaHHH bchkoto poaa 6aoKOB, HanpaBaeHHbix npOTHB CCCP H CTpaH HOBOH aeMOKpaTHH, orpoMHbie BOeHHbie oacxoabl C H IA H
n E P E J O B A H 9
AHrjiHH, jiHxopaaoqHoe cTpoHTejitcTBo BoeHHO-CTpaTerHqecKHx 6a3 bo Bcex qacTHx 3eMHoro mapa.
B'cë 3TO OÖH3bIBaeT COBeTCKHH Hapoa npOHIBJIHTb öaHTeabHOCTb no OTHomenmo k npoHcxaM HMnepnajincTOB h neycTaimo yxperuiHTb oöopoHo- cnocoÖHocTb CCCP.
B HOBbix ycjioBHHx, yKa3biBaeT TOBapmu CTajiHH, CoBeTCKan ApMHH aoji-
>kh3 öatiTejibHO oxpauHTb MKpHbiH co3naaTejibHHH Tpya coBeTCKoro Hapo,aa, naaëjKHO oöecnenHBaTb rocyaapcTBeHHbie HHTepecb! CoBeTCKoro Coio3a h
caejiaTb neaocTyniibiMH æjih BparoB pyöexiH Hamefi Po ah h u. SaaaneH Bcex BOHHOB C.OBeTCKOH ApMHH HBJIHeTCH HenpepbIBHOe COBSpmeHCTBOBaHHe CBOHX BOeHHblX H nOJIHTHneCKHX 3H3HHH, HeyCTaHHOe COBepmeHCTBOBaHHe BOeHHOrO MacrepciBa Ha ochobb rviyöoKoro H3yqeHHH onuTa BejiHKoñ OTenecTBeHHon BOHHbl.
CoBeTCKoe rocyaapcTBo nocjieaoßaTejibHo ocymecTEjmeT nojiHTHKy Ma
pa h MOKayHapoaiioro coTpyAHmiecTBa Ha aeMOKpaTHnecKHX Hanaaiax, pa- 3o6jiaqaH noaxínraieJieñ hob-oh bohíhh. yKpemieHHe MorymecTBa OoBeTCKO- ro rocyaapcTBa h ero BoopyxiëHHbix c h jí— cjiaBHoñ CoBeTCKoñ ApMHH — rjiaBHoe ye,rosne oóecneneHHH 6e3onacHOCTH Harneñ Poæhhm h MHpa bo bc€m MHpe.
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rio c T a H O B J ie H H e U K B K H ( 6 ) o t 1 0 (fje ß p a jiH 1 9 4 8 r .
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OcHOBHbie He^ocTaTKH onepbi KopeHHTcn npeacae Bcero b My3biKe onepbi.
My3biKa onepbi HeBbipa3HTejibHa, öejtHa. B Heñ HeT hh oähoh 3anoMHHaio- mefica MejionHH hjih apa«. OHa cyMÔypna a ÆHcrapMOHHHHa, nocTpoeaa Ha cnjioiHHbix flaccoHaHcax, Ha pejaym ax c jiyx 3ByKOCoaeTaHHHx. OT/iejibHbie crpoKH a cueH bi, npeTeHayromae Ha MejiOßaaHOCTb, BHesanHO npepuBaioTCH HeCTpOHHblM HjyMOM, COBSpHieHHO HyJKflblM HJIH HOpMajIbHOFO HejIOBeHeCKOTO c^yxa h aeacrByromHM Ha cjiym a ie jie a yrHeiarome. Mencuy My3biKajibHbiM conpoBOjKfleHHeM h pa3BHTHeM ÆeScTBHH Ha cueHe Her opraHiiaecKOH cbhsh. BoKajibHaa aactb onepu — xopoBoe, cojibHoe h aHcaMÔjieBoe neHne — npon3- 30naT yöoroe BneaauieHHe. B cnjiy Bcero 3Toro bo3mo* hocth opnecTpa a neßHOB ocTaîOTCH Heacnojib30BaHHbiMH.
KoMno3HTop He Bocnojib30BajicH ßorarcTBOM Haponnux Mejionnií, necen, naneBOB, TamioBajibHux a njincoBux mothbob, KoiopUMH ran ô o ra io Tsop- aecTBo napoaoB CCCP h, b aacTHOCTii, TBopaecTBO Haponos, HacejiniomHx CeBepHbm KaBKa3, rue pa3BëpTbiBaiOTca neñcTBiiH, H3o6pa>KaeMbie b onepe.
B norone 3a jio>khoh «opHrHHajibHOCTbio» My3biKH KOMno3HTop M ypa- ÂejiH npeHeôpër jiyamnMH TpaHHHHHMH h onbiTOM miaccuaecKOH onepbi Booôme, pyccKOH kji a c c h a ec koh onepbi b oco66hhocth, OTjiHaafomeñcn BHy- rpenHeñ conep>KaTejibHocTbfo, ôoraTCTBOM MejioHHii a mapoToa Haana30Ha, HapOHHOCTbfO, a3HUIHOH, KpaCHBOH, HCHOH MV3bIKajIbHOH (})OpMOH, CflejiaBUieH pyccKyro onepy jiyameíj, onepon b Miipe, jiioôhmum h nocTymiUM mapoKHM
cjiohm Hapo.ua >KaHpoM My3UKH.
I-icTopiinecKH cJjajibuiHBOH h acKyccTBeHHoñ HBjineTCH (Jiaôyjia onepu, npeTeHaypomafl Ha a3o6pa>KeHae ßopböbi 3a ycTaHOBjieHiie coBeTCKoa BjiacTH a flpy>i<6u aapoaoB na CeBepuoM KaBxaae b 1918— 1920 r.r. H3 onepbi co34aëTcn HeBepuoe npencTaBJieHHe, 6 y n io Taxue KaBKa3Ciaie Haponu, khk
rpy3BHbi a oceTHHbi, iiaxoHHjiacb b Ty anoxy bo Bpancfle c pyccKHM naponoM, aro HBjiaeTCH acTopaaecKH cjiajibuniBUM, ran Kax noMexoa HJin ycTaiioBjieHHH npyjK ôu HapoaoB b tot nepuon Ha CeBepHOM: KaBKa3e HBjisuiHCb HHrymn h
aeaeHiiu.
U K BI< ri{ 5) cHHTaer, hto npoBan onepu MypanenH ecTb peayjibTaT jioh<- floro a ryÔHTejibHoro ilJia TBopaecTBa coBercicoro KOMno3mopa (JiopMa^H- craaecKoro Pvth, Ha KOTOpuñ BCTaji. t. M ypaAejm.
OB OI1KPE «B E JIH K A S aP V aC B A » B. M y P A A E & H 11
KaK noKa3ajio coBemaHne AeaTejiefi cobctckoii My3biKH, npoBeaeHHoe
b U K B K n ( 6 ) , ripoBa-n onepbi M ypaAejin ne BBJiHerca nacrabiM cjiynaeM, a TeCHO CB33BH C HeSjiarOnOJiyHHblM COCTOHHHeM COBpGMGiBHOH COBeTCKOH My3blKH, C paCnpOCTpaHeHHeM CpeAH COBeTCKHX K0MI103HT0p0B cJ)OP'MajIH'CTH- necKoro HanpaBjieHHH.
Eme b 1936 roay, b cbh3hc noHBjieHHeM onepbi ZE IIIocTaKOBuna «Jle^n MaiíSeT M u e H C K o r o yesaa», b oprane U.K B K n (6 ) «ELpaBAa» 6buin noA- Bepmyrbi ocTpoń kphthkc aHranapoflirbie, tjjopMajiHCTnneoKHe H3BpameHHH
b T B o p n e c T B e ZE IIIocTaKOBHna ii pa3o6jianeH BpeA h onacHOCTb stoto H a -
npaejieHHH aah cyaeó pa3BHTHH cobctckoh My3HKH. «FIpaBAa», BbiCTynaB- uia« Tor^a no yKa3aHH¡o U K B K n (6 ), hcho ccjiopMyjrapoBajia TpeSoBaHHH,
K O T o p b ie n p e z rb H B jin e T k cbohm K O M n o 3 H T o p a M coBeTC KH H H a p o A -
HecMOTpsi na 3th npeaynpe>KAeHHH, a raione BonpeKH TeM yKa3aiiHHM, Kanne 6ł-uih ashki UeHTpajibHbiM KoMmeTOM BKEI(6) b ero peineHnax o íKypnajiax «3Be3Aa» u «JleHHHrpaA», o KHHOtfmjibMe «Bojibinan >KH3Hb», o penepTyape ApaMaTHnecKHX TearpoB a Mepax no ero yjiynnieiHHio, b co- BeTCKoñ My3biKe He 6buio npon3BeAeHo hhkbkoh nepecTpoHKH. OTAeAbHbie ycnexn neKoxopbix COBeTCKHX KOM¡no3HTopoB b oSuacra co3A3hhh hobhx
neceH, HauieAHinx npn3HanHe n umpoKoe pacnpocrpaHenne b HapoAe, b o6Aa- CTH C03A3HHH My3bIKH AJIH KHHO H T. A-, He MeHÍHOT 0 6lH,eñ KapTHHbl nOJIO- xceHHH. OeoSeHHO niioxo o6ctoht Aejio b oSahcth CHM(|)OHHHecKoro n onep- Horo TBopnecTBa. Penb haSt o KOMno3HTopax, npiiAep>KHBaiomHXCH (JiopMa- AHCTirnecKoro, aHTimapoAHoro HanpaBjieHHH. 3to HanpaBjieHHe nainjio CBoé HanSojiee nojmoe BbipaiKenne b npoH3BeAe«HHx Tai<nx KOMno3HTopoB, Kan T.r. XE niocraKOBHq, C. ripoKO(|)beB, A. XaqaTypan, B. ffleóajiHH, T. EIorioB, H. Mhckobckhh h AP-, b TBopnecTBe KOTopbix ocoóeHHo HarAHAHO npeA- , cTaBjieHbi (¡DopMaAHCTnqecKHe H3BpameHHH, aHTHAeMOKpaTHnecKHe Te«AeHU.HH
b My3biKe, qy>KAbie coBercKOMy HapoAy h ero xyAOHcecTBeHHbiM BKycaM.
XapaKTepHbIMH npHBHaKaMH TaKOÍÍ My3bIKH HBJIHeTCH OTpHU,aHIie OCHOBHblX npKHunnoB KjiaccHnecKoS My3biKH, nponoBeAb aTOnajibHocTH, AiiccoHánca n AHcrapMOHHH, HBJiHiomHxcfl HKoSbi BbipaxieHHeM «nporpecca» h «HOBaTOp- CTB3» B pü3BHTHH My3bIKajIbH0H (})OpMbI, OTK33 OT T3KHX BajKHeHUIHX OCHOB
My3b¡KajibHoro npoH3BeAeHHH, k3koh HBAaeTCH MejioAHH, yBAeneHHe cyiviSyp- HbiMH, HeBponaTHqecKHMH coqeTaHHHMH, npeBpamaioiAHMH My3biKy b Kano-
i})ohhio, b xaoTunecKoe HarpoMOiKAenne 3ByK0B. 3Ta My3biKa chabho OTAaer AyxoM coBpeMeHHoñ MOAepHHCTCKoñ Cyp>Kya3Hon My3biKH EBponbi h AMe- prncH, OTo6pa>KaiomeH Mapa3Mi 6yp>Kya3Hoñ KyAbTypbi, nojinoe orpnuanne MyabiKaAbHoro HCKyccTBa, ero TynHK.
C y iire C T B e H H b lM n p H 3 H 3 K O M (J)OpM3AHCTHHeCKOrO H a n p a B A e H H H HBAHeTCH T a K H íe O TKa3 OT nOAHCbOHHHeCKOH M y 3 b IK H H n e H H H , O CHO BblBaiO niHXCH Ha OA'HOBpeMeHHOM COneTaHHH H pa3BH TH H p H A a CaM OCTO HTeAbHHX M eA O AHHe- CKHX AHHHH, H y B A e q e H H e OAHOTOHHOS, yHHCOHHOH M y3bIK O H h n e H H e M , 3 a - q a c T y io 6 e 3 caob, hto n p e A C T a B A a e T n a p y m e H n e M H o ro r o A O C o ro M y 3 b iK a A b - H o - n e c e H H o r o c T p o a , C B O H C T B e n n o ro H a u ic M y H a p o A y , h BeAST k o ó e A H e H H io h
ynaAKy My3biKH.
nonupaa AynmHe TpaAHAHH pyccKoíí h 3anaAHon KAaccnnecKon My3bi-
kh, O T B e p ra n s t h’ rpaAHUHH, nax HKOdbi « y c r a p e B in n e » , «CTapoMOAHbie»,
«KOHcepBaTHBHbie», BbicoKOMepHO rpeTHpya KOMnoantopoB, KOTopue nbi-
12 OB O n E P E « B E J IH K A fl H P y jK B Ą » B. M y P A H E J IE
raro T C H n o ö p o c o B e c T H O o c ß a iiB a T b h p a 3 B H B a T b n p n e M b i K J ia c c H H e c K o ñ M y - 3bIKH , K a K CTOpOHHHKOB «npHM HTHBHOTO T p a flH H H O H a jlH 3 M a » H « 3 n H T 0 H C T B a » , M H o rn e c o B e r c K H e K 0 M H 0 3 H T p p b i, b n o r o H e 3 a v j io j k h o n o H H T b iM H O B a ro p - CTBOM, O T o p B a jiH C b b C B o e ä M y 3 b iK e o t 3 a n p o c o B h x y a o > K e c T B e iH H o ro B K y c a c o B e T C K o ro H a p o /ia , 3 a 'M K H y jm c b b y3KO M K p y r y c n e iiH a jiH C T O B h M y 3 b iK a jib - H b ix r y p M a ilO B , CHH3HJIH BblCO KyiO O Ö m eC TBeH H yiO pOJIb M y 3 b IK H H Cy3HJIH eë 3 H a q e H n e , o rp a H H H H B e r o y n o B jie T B o p e H H e M H 3 B p a m ë H H b ix B K y c o B a c ie T - CTByJOUlHX HH U H B H U yajIH C TO B .
< i> op M a jiH C T H H e cK o e H a n p a B J ie H H e b c o B e T C K o ö M y 3 b iK e n o p o flH ,n o c p e n n q a c r a C0B6TCKHX K 0 M II0 3 H T 0 p Ö B O flHOCTOpOHHee yB JieH eH H e CJIOHCHblMH (|)0 p M a M H H H C T p y M e H ta jIb H O H CHM(j)OHHHeCKOH ÖeCTeKCTOBOH M y3b IK H H n p e - H e 6 p e ? K H T e jib H o e O TH O uieH H e k TaKHM M y 3 b iK a jib H b iM > K a « p a M , K a x o n e p a , x o p o B a a M y 3 b iK a , n o n y jiH p H a a M y 3 b iK a . n n a n e S o jib u m x o p K e c x p o B , a m n a - pOHHW X H H CTpyM eHTO B, B O K a jIb H b lX a n c a M Ö n e H H T. fl.
B c ë a r o c H e H 3 6 e iK H o c T b fo B e u ë T k T O M y, h t o y rp a q H B a tO T C H o c h o b m BOKa jib H o ii K y.J ib T y p b i h a p a M a T y p r im e c K o r o M a c T e p c T B a h K O M n o 3 H T o p b i p a 3 y q H s a iO T C H m i c a i b u m H a p o n a , CBHfleTeJibCTBO M n e r o HBJineTCH t o t (})aK T , HTo 3 a n o c jie H H e e .B p e M H n e c o 3 fla H o h h o h h o h c o b c t c k o h o n e p b i, c t o- a m e ö Ha y p o B H e p y c c ic o ö o n e p H o ñ K jia c c H K H .
O T p b lB HGKOTOpblX fle H T e jie H COBeTCKOÖ M y 3 b IK H OT H a p O fla flO U lë jI HO t o t o, HTO b h x c p e f le n o jiy H H jia p a c n p o c T p a H e H H e r « H J ia a « T e o p a a » , b c n n y KOTOpOH HenO H H M aH H e M y3b IK H MHOPHX C O BpeM eHHblX COBeTCKHX K 0 M n 0 3 H - TOpOB HapO HO M OÓBHCHHOTCH T eM , HTO H apO H HKOÖbl « H e flO pO C » e illë HO nO HHM aH HH HX CJIOJKHOH M y 3 b IK H , HTO OH nOHMÖT e ë H e p e 3 CTOJieTHH H HTO He CTOHT c M y m a r b C H , o c jih HeKO TO pbie M y 3 b iK a n b H b ie n p o H 3 B e fle H H H He H a x o - HHT c n y m a T e n e H . 3 î a H a c K B 0 3 b H H flH B H fly a jiH C T H H e c K a H , b K o p n e rip O T H B o - H a p o H H a n T e o p n f l b e m e S o j i t u i e ñ C TeneHH c n o c o ö c T B O B a n a H e K O T o p b m k o m- nO SHTO paM H M y 3 b iK O B e H a M OTrO pO HHTbCH OT H a p o f la , OT KpHTHKH COBerCKOH o ß m e cT B e H H O C T H h 3aM K H yT b C H b CBOK) c K o p n y n y .
K y H b T H B H p O B a H H e B c e x 3THX H HM nO flO Ô H blX B3 r jI f lf lO B HaHOCHT B e jIH - H3HU1HH B p e H COBeTCKOMy M y 3 b IK a H b H 0 M y HCKyCCTBy. T e p n H M O e O THOuieHHe K 3THM B3THHHaM 0 3 H 3 H a e T p a c n p o c T p a H e H H e c p e n n f le n T e n e n coBeTCKOH M y 3 b iK a jib H 0 H K y H b T y p b i n y > K H b ix e ii T e H fle H iiH H , B e n y m H X k T y riH K y b p a 3 B H - THH M y3 b IK H , K. JIH KB H H ällH H M y 3 b IK a H b H 0 T 0 HCKyCCTBfl.
r io p o H H o e , a H T H H a p o H H o e , (jio p M a n H C T H H e c K o e H a n p a B J ie H H e b c o b o t c k o h M y 3 b iK e 0 K a 3 b iB a e T T a n n c e n a r y Ô H o e BjjH H H H e Ha n o n ro T O B ic y h B o c n iiT a H iie M O H O H bix K O M n o 3 H T o p o B b H a u iH x K O flc e p B a T o p H H X , h, b n e p B y io O H epeH b, b M o c k o b c k o h K O H c e p B a T O p iiH ( H H p e K r o p t. Uleöamm), r n e cJ jo p M a jiH C T iiH e - CKOe H a n p a B H e H H e H BjiaeT C H r o c n o H C T B y io u iH M . C T y n e f f r a M He n pH B H B aiO T y B a a c e H H e k n y n u iH M T p a f liim iH M p y c c K o ñ h 3 a n a flH 0 H K n a c c im e c K o f i M y 3 b iK H , He B O cn H T b iB a iO T b HHX J iio ô o B b k H a p o H H O M y T B o p n e c T B y , K fle M O K p a T H H e - C.KHM M y a b lK a jIb H b IM (b o p M a M . TBO pneC TBO MHOTHX BO CnilTaH H H K O B K O H c e p B a - TOpHH HBJIHeTCH C H enbIM nO flpaH C aH H eM M >'3bIK e ZI,. LIIo C T a K O B H H a , C. r i p o - K0(J)beBa h HP-
LIK BKrT(5) K O H C T aTH pyeT c o B e p m e H H o H e T e p n u M o e c o c T o a im e coBeTCKO H
My3blKaJIbHOÍÍ KpHTHKH. PyK0B0HaUiee nOJlOHCeHHe epeflH KPHTHKOB 3aHHMaiOT npOTHBIIHKH pyCCKOH peajIHCTHHeCKOH MySblKH, CTOpOHHHKH ynHHOHHOH, (JlOp-
OB O nE P E «B E JIH KA H flP y iK B A » B. M YPA.n.E.'IH 13
MajiHCTiiHecKOH M y3biKH. K a iK flo e onepeiflHoe inpoH3B-eäeHHe n p0K0$beB a, IIIocTaKOBHqa, Mh c k o b c k o t o, U le ó a jiH H a s t h k p h t h k h oS-bflBJiaiOT «h o b h m
3aBoeßaHHeM c o b c t c k o h m^ h k h» h c jia B o cjio B srr b o t o h My3biKe cy6i>eKTH- BH3M , K0H C T pyK T H B H 3M , K paË H H H H H flH B H fly 3 J IH 3 M , npOCjjeC'CHOHajIbHOe yC JlO lK - H0HHe H 3bIK a, T. e. HMBHHO TO, HTO flOJIJKHO ÓbíTb IK X U B eprH yTO KpH T H K e. B M e - CTO TOTO, HTOÖbl pa3Ö H Tb B p e flH b ie , H y iK flb l© npHHLUOTaM COUHaJIHCTHHeCKOFO p e a jiH S M a B 3 r jiH f lb i h T e o p H H , M y s b iK a jib n a n K pH T H K a c a n a c n o c o ß c T B v e r h x p a c n p o c T p a H e H H io , b o c x b3j ih h h o ó t jHb j ih h « n e p e flO B b iM H » T e x K 0 M n 0 3 H T 0 p 0 B , KO TO pbie p a 3 fle jIH K ) T B CBOeM T B O p 'ie C T B e J IO lK H b ie T B O p ^e C K Iie yCTaHOBKH.
M y 3 b iK a jib H a H x p a r a x a n e p e c i a j i a B b ip a x c a T b M HeHHe c o b c t c k o h o ô m e c T - B e H H o cT H , MHeHHS H a p o f la h n p e B p a T H jia c b b p y n o p O T fle flb H b ix KO M no3H TO - pOB. H e K O T O p b ie M y 3 b IK a jIb H b ie KPHTHKH, BMeCTO n p H H U H riH a jIb H O H o6 "b e K T H B - HOH KpH TH KH , H 3 -3 3 rtp H flT e jIb C K IIX OTHOUJ6HHH C T ajIH y r O /K fla T b H p a Ô O J ie il- CTBOBaTb n e p e f l t c m h h j ih h h h m h M y 3 b iK a J ib H b iM H J iH fle p a M H , b c h h c c k h n p e - B03H 0C H HX TBOpHGCTBO.
B c ë s t o o a H a n a e T , h t o c p e flH n a c r a o o B e T C K H x K O M n o 3 H T o p o B e m ë h g H3JKHTH n e p e * H T K ii 6 y p > K y a 3 H o n H f le o jio r H H , n u r a e M b ie B jiH H H iie M c o B p e - MeHHOH y n a flO H H o ft 3 a n a flH o e B p o n e H C K o ii h a M é p H K a H C K o n M y 3 b iK H .
L[K B K n (5 ) cqiiTaeT, h t o s t o Hebjiaronpimraoe nojiojKeHne Ha (f>poHTe
c o b c t c k o h My3biKH co3flajiocb b pe3yjibTaTe t o h HenpaBHjibHoâ j ih h h h b 0 6- jiacTH coBercKOH My3biKH, KOTopyro npoBOÆHJiH KoMHTeT no flejiaM HCKyccTB npn CoBeTe M h h h c t p o b CCCP h OprKOMHTex Coio3a coBercKHX k o m i i o3H-
TOpOB.
K o M H T e T n o f le jia M H C K yccT B n p n C o B e T e M h h h c t p o b CCCP (t. X p a n - neH KO ) H O p rK O M ÍIT S T C oK 33a COB6TCKHX K O M n03H TO pO B (t. X a n a T y p f lH ) B M e CTO TOTO, HTOÔbl p a 3 B H B 3 T b B COBCTCKOH M y 3 b IK e peajIH C TH H eC K O e H a n p a B J ie - HHe, 0 C H 0 B 3 M H KOTOpOTO HBJIHIOTCH n p H 3 H 3 H H e O rpO M H O H npOFpeCCHlBHOH p o jiH K J ia c c H n e c K o r o H a c jie f lc r a a , b o c o ô e H H O c ra T p a flH H H H p y c c K o ñ M y 3 B i- K a jib H Q H u iK O J ib i, H c n o jib 3 0 B a H H e S T o ro H a c jie f lc r a a h e r o f la jib H e t m e e p a 3 - BHTHe, c o n e T a H H e b M y 3 b iK e b h c o k o h c o n e p iK a T e jib H O c r a c x y a o x c e c T B e u H b iM COBepmeHCTBOM! M y 3 b lK 3 J Ib H 0 H (jlO p M b l, B p a B flH B O C T b H peajIH C TH H H O C Tb M y - 3 b iK H , e c r j i y ô o K a n o p r a H H n e c K a a CBH3b c H a p o flO M h e r o M y 3 b iK a jib H b iM h n e c e iiH b iM T B o p n e c r a o M , B b ic o K o e n p o c J je e c H O H a jib H o e M a c T e p c r a o n p n o a h o- B p e M e H H O ii n p o c T O T e h flO C T y n H Ö c ra M y 3 M K a jib H b ix n p o H 3 B e fle H H H , no c y r a n e jia n o o m p n jiH ^ o p M a jiH c r a n e c K o e H a n p a B jie H H e , nyacfloe co B e T C K O M y H a p o a y .
O p F K O M H T e T C o io 3 a c o B e r c K H X K 0 M n 0 3 H T 0 p 0 B n p e B p a r a jiC H b o p y f lH e r p y n n b i K O M n o 3 H T o p o B -c j3o p M a jiH C T O B , c r a j i o c h o b h h m p a c c a flH H K O M tp o p M a - jiH C T H n e c K H x H3 B p a in ,e H H H . B O p rK O M H T e T e c o 3 ^ a jia c b 3 a T X jia n a T M O c c jie p a , O T cyT C T B yiO T T B O p n ecK H © flH C K y c c H H . P yK O B O A H T eJiH O p rK O M H T e ra h r p y n n n - p y r o m n e c H B O K p y r h h x M y 3 b iK O B e flb i 3 a x B a jiH B a io T a n ra p e a jiH C T H n e c K H e , M o fl e pH h CT c k ii e npO H 3Befle.H H H , H6 3 a c jiy n iH B a K ) u iH e n o flfle p n c K H , a p a ô o r b i, O T jin n a io u iH e c n c b o h m p e a jiH c x n n e c K H M x a p a K T e p o M , c T p e M fle n n e M n p o f l o f l- H ia T b H p a 3 B H B 3 T b KJiaCCHHeCKOe HaCJieflCTBO , OÓHHBJIHIOTCn BTO pO C TeneU H bl- MH, o c T a io T c n h e3 a M e n en hl imh h T p e r n p y t o T c a . K o M n o 3 H T O p b i, K H n a m n e c H CBOHM «HOB a TOp CTB O M » , «apX H peBO flIO U H O H H O C TbIO » B o6.ïïaCTH M y 3 b IK H , B C B o e ß fleHTejibiiocTH b OprKOMHTeTe BbicTynaioT k?.k n o ô o p H H K H caMoro
14 OB OITEPE «B E JIH K A H flP y jK B A » B. M y P A flE J IH
orcTajioro n 3aTXJioro KOHcepB3TH3Ma, o6Hapy>KHBan BbieoKOMepHyio HeTep- niiMOCTb K MajiemiiHM npoaßjieHHHMi kphthkh.
U K BK11(6) cqHTaeT, hto Tanan oöeraHOBKa n Tanoe OTHomeHHe k 3a- JXanan cobctckoh My3biKH, KaKHe cJio>KHjincb b KoMHTeTe no flejiaM ncKyccTB npn CoeeTe Mhhhctpob CCCP n b OprKOMmeTe Coiosa coBercKux komho3h- TopoB, aajiee He MoryT 6bUb xepmiMbi, höo ohh nanocHT BejinnanniHH Bpefl pa3BHTHio coBeTCKoä My3biKH. 3a nocjieflHHe roflbi KyjibTypHbie 3anpocbi h
ypoBenb xyÄO>KeeTBeiiHbix BKycoB cobctckoto Hapoaa HeoSbinanno BbipocflH.
CoBeTCKHH HapOfl >KflëT OT K0Mn03HT0p0B BblCOKOKaneCTBeHHblX H HfleËHblX npoH3BeaeHHH bo Bcex >Kanpax —- b oôjiacTH onepHOË, CHM(f)OHnqecxoË My3bi- KH, .b neceHHOM TBopnecrBe, b xopoBon h TaHUOBajibHOH My3biKe. B Hameiî crpane KOMnoamopaM npeflOCTaBjieHH HeorpaHnneHHbie TBopneeiaie bo3mo>k- HOCTH H C03flaHbI BCe H606X0flHMbie yCJIOBHH flflH nOflJIHHHOrO paCUBeTa My3bIKajlbHOH KyjlbTypbl. COBCTCKI-ie KOMn03HTOpbI HMeiOT aynnrOpHK), KO- TOpOË HHKOraa He 3H3JI HH O fl H H Kôîvin03HT0p B npOIIÏflOM. BblJlO 6bl nenpo- cTHTeflbiio He Hcnojib30BaTb Bce a™ öoraTeömHe bo3mo>khocth h He Hanpa- BHTb CBOH TBopqecKHe ycHjiHH no npaBHflbHOMy peajiiicTHnecKOMy n y m
U K B K n ( 6 ) nocTaHOBjineT:
1. OcyflHTb t|)opMajmcTHqecKoe HanpaBjieHne b cobctckoh My3biKe; Kan aHTHHapoflHOe n Beflym.ee na flejie k jiHKBiiflanmi My3WKH.
2. n p e fljio fliH T b yn p a B jie H H io n p o n a ra H flb i h a rn T a u n n U K h Ko m h t c t v
no flejiaM ncnycciB flOÔHTbcn HcnpaBjieHHa n o flo flie n n n b cobctckoh My3biKe, flH KBH flannn yKaaaHHbix b H acToauiew nocTanoBjieHUH U K HeflocfaTKO B h o ô e c n e n e ru ifl ph3bhthh cobctckoh My3biKH b p e a fliicra n e cK O M HanpaBjieHHH.
3 . ripH3BaTb C O B e r C K H X K0Mn03HT0D0B npOHHKIiyTbCH C03HâHKêM BblCO- KHX sanpocoB, KOTopbie npefl'bSBjineT cobctckhh Hapofl K MyaHKajibHOMy TBopnecTBy, h, oTÔpocHB co CBoero n y m Bcë, hto ocjiaöjiH er Hamy My3HKy
h MernaeT eë pa3BHTino, oßecnenHTb Ta koh nofl^ëM TBopnecKOË paôoTbi, koto- pbifl ôbiCTpo flBHHCT anepëfl coBeTCKyio My3biKajibHyio KyjibTypy n npiiBeflêr
k co3flaHHio bo Bcex oôflacTHX My3biKa/ibHoro TSopnecTBa nojraoueHHbix, BbJCOKOKaqecTBeHHbix npoH3BefleHHË, flocTOËHbix coBeTCKoro Hapofla.
4. OfloôpnTb opraHH3au.noHHbie MeponpnHTHH cooTBeTCTByromnx n a p m i- Hbix h coBercKiix opraHOB, HanpaBjiCHubie Ha yjiyuuieHHe My3biKajibHoro aejia.
O r o J i e T H e « M a H H ^ e c r a
KoMMyHHCTHHeCKOH napTHH»
B.
Kpyo/CKOßi
«MaiiH(j)ecT KoMMVHHCTKqecKofi napTHH», onyßjiiiKOBaHHbiS Î00 jiot Ha- 3aA, b cj^eBpaAe 1848 roaa, BOSBecTHA noaBjieHíie nayaHoro couaajiHSMa
h nepBoñ nporpaMMbi MapKCHCTCKoñ napTHH, napTHH peBOjnounoHHoro npcwie- Tapnara. Hoßoe MiipoB033peHHe, H3Jid>KeHHoe b «MaHHiJiecTe», npeACTaBAHeT COÖOH peBO.mOnHOHHbîH nepeBOpOT B MHOTOBeKOBOH HCTOpHH paSBHTHH MH- POBOH 06lH,eCTBGHH0H MbICAH. «MapKC H SHTejIbC C.BOHM «MaHHIpeCTOM»
cosasah snoxy»,— nncaji TOBapnm C ra jin n . «MaHHcjjecr» — nepBbiñ AOKy- MeHT MapKCH3Ma, B KOTOpOM HÖTKO H ECHO, B AaKOHHHeCKH C>KaTOH (jíOpMe, KOaCHOpe'-MBO H y6e/THTejIbHO 6b!AO HSAOHíeHO peBOAIOUHOHHOe MHp0B033pe- Htie npojieTapnaTa, çtJjopMVAiipoBaHbi ero ÖAniKaHUiHe h ero Konerabie uejiH.
B «MaHHc{)ecTe» MerKAywapoAHbm npoAeTapnaT, TOJibKO emë BbixoAHBüiHH Ha apeHy KJiaccoBbix, rioAHTHnecKHx 6htb npoTHB sKcnAoaTaTopoB, n o jiyq n ji öoeßoe TeopeTHnecKoe opy/Kne, nporpaMMy 6opb6bi 3a ynHHTO/KeHHe Kann- Ta,íivi3Ma peBOjnouHOHHbiM nyrëM, sa cosAanne hoboto oémecTBa, npHimnnH- ajibHo OTjiinmoro ot Bcex npeAuiecTBy¡om.Hx oómecTBeHHbix (popMauHH, — oßmecTBa connajiHCTimecKoro.
«ManHcJiecT», b habhh yB m h íi 3Ty BceMHpHOHCTOpHqecKyjo SHAany* cpa3y :ive ocBeniA npoAeTapnaTy apio m cBeroM ero AajibHeñmHH h crop h n ec khü
n ytb
«MaHH(j)ecT KoMMynHCTHnecKOH napTHH» — nepBbin nporpaMMHbiñ a o- KyMeHT, o n p 6A e ahb ni h i-i pojib npoACTapnaTa Kan co3HAaTeji3 counaAHCTHHe- CKoro oömecTBa.
riepeAOBaa Teopnst, co3AanHaH MapncoM h SurejibcoM, oTpaKaromaH npaBAy JKH3HH, npHoópeaa npeo6pa3yiomee, opraHH3yioinee h Mo6HAH3yio- mee 3iiaqeHHe, craaa yneHHeM mhaahohob. 3to eAHHCTBeHHan TeopHH, koto- pan BbiAepxíaAa HcnbrraM e BpeiweHH, npoßepKy onbiroM, yAapw BparoB, pacnpocTpaHHAacb Binnpb h BrayCb, 3aBoeBajia ce6e noAHoe npaBo na x<H3Hb, OBAaAGAa MaccaMH h craAa MaTepHajibHoñ chaoh, HucnpoBepraiomen Bcë crapoe, ottkhbiucg cboh bck. MapKCHCTCKan TeopHH CTajia 3H3MeHeM, chmbo-
aom Bepbi paöonero K-nacca. «OecHb necHeñ Mapi<cH3Ma» — Tax H33B3a
TOBapiim Ct3AHH 3TO TeHHaAbHOe npOH3BeABHHe.
Cto AeT — AOCTaTOHHblH CpOIK, HT'OiSbl CyAHTb O >KH!3HeyT!Bep>KAaiOmeñ CiHJie MapKOHCTCKOH TCOp HH. 3a 3TO >B¡peMH MaipKOHSM CTOÖeA'OWOiCHO !BbIAepíK!aA H OTpa3HA MHOTOHHCAeHHbie yAapbl BparoB. MapKCHSM KOHKpeTH3HpOBaACH, oñoramaACH b xoAe óopbñbi sa ocso6o>KAeHHe npoAeTapnara, TBopnecKH pa3- BHBaACH Ha OCHOBe HOBOTO OOblTa H TeM C3MbIM CTaHOBHJICH BCe CHAbHee H Kpenne, 3aKaA5iACH h yxpenAHACH bmgcts ccaiw HM paöonHM kahccom.
B 1934 roAy na X V II CT>e3Ae 2 X 0 ( 6 ) TOBapmn Cthahh cnasaA:
«PoBopaT, a t o «a Sanajte b He®OTopbix rocyAapcTBax yx<e yHHHTOJKeii riapxcKSM. PoBiopíiT, h t o eno y hmatoïschaiö6 vato 6u 6 y pjK ya 3 ho - ha hitoh a ah - criHiqecKoe Tenenne, waabieaeiMoe {J>am«3MOM. 3 t o, k o ih ghho, nycraKH. Taix MoryT noQopHTb amiiubaioam, «e aHaiomne Hcvopm. MaipKCHi3M ecrb nayqHoe EbipajKeiHHe KOtpei-iiHbix HHTepecoB paGonero KJíacca. Ht o6m yHHWTOacHTb M a p -
KOH3M, «aAO y'HHHTOyKHTb paÖOAHH KA3CC. A yiHMATOACHTb pftÔOAHH K A 3 OC neß03Mo>Krio. Boaee 80 Aer nponiAO c t g x nop, i<ai< MapKCH3M BbicrynHA na
