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IlE P E flO B A fl — TeopAecKan CHJia MapKcn3Ma-jieHHHH3Ma . . . . . . 1 TpmmaTHJieTHe KOMMyHHCTHnecKOH napTHH K u T a a ...8 A. J IE O H T b E B — KJiaccHHecKHH Tpyji, B. H. JleHHHa 06 HMnepHaJ!H3Me 14 A. M H K O B A B A — Hobmh nyrb coBercKoro si3biK03H a H n si... 28
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B. n P O K O O b E B — BojibiueBHKM MypniaHa b 6opb6e 3a iioät>öm pbißHOH
n p O M b l l U J l e H H O C T H ... a u
<P. 51KOBJ1EB —• O napTHÖHOM y n § T e ... 47 K O H C y jlb T A U ,H fl
B. B A T b lP E B — Pojib KpeflHTa b napoflHOM xo3nflcTBe CCCP . . . . 53 K P H T H K A H E H E flH O r P A O H fl
fl,. B JIA E O H — UeHHaa paöoTa o nncaTejiHX-paflHmeBuax...64 n . >KHJ1HH — BoJibiue BHHMaHHa 3anpocaM arH TaTopoß ...69 B. 4 E f l P A K O B — 3axaT MHpoBoro KanHTaaH3Ma... 73
T ß o p ^ i e c K a i i c r n i a M a p K C H 3 M a - j i e H H H H 3 M a
Hapofl.bi Hamefl PoflHHbi h cTpaH HapoflHoñ .aeMonpaTHH, nepeflOBbie^jiio- flH KanHTaJIHCTH9eCKHX CTpaH OTMeliaiOT, KaK ÖOflbUIOe COÖblTHe B HfleilHOH
>KH3HH, rOflOBUIHHy Tpyfla H. B. CTajiHHa «OTHOCHTeJIbHO MapKCH3Ma B H3bl- K03HaHHH» u nocJie/iyiomHx ero paöoT: «K HenoTOpbiM BonpocaM H3bino3Ha-
H H 5 1 » H «OtBGT TOBapHIiraM», COCTaBHBIUHX KHHry «MapKCH3M H BOnpOCbl H3bl-
K03HaHHH». 3th Tpyflbi npoH3BejiH KopeHHOH nepeßopoT b HayKe o H3bine h
flaJiH MoryanH tojihok pa3BHTHio Bcero HaynHoro no3HaHHH.
Tpyztbi H . B. CTajiHHa no H3bino3HaHHio HMeroT orpoMHoe 3HaneHne b CTpoHTeflbCTBe KOMMynH3Ma b CCCP, b CTpoHTejibCTBe connajiH3Ma b CTpa- Hax HapoflHon neMOKpaTHH, b 6opb6e TpyflH m nxcfl nanHTajiHCTHHecnoro Mnpa 3a ocBOÖojKfleHHe ot n ra HMnepna^H3Ma.
PeHnajibHbie CTajiKHCnne Tpynbi no BonpocaM H3bino3HaHHH — o6pa3en TBopnecKoro MapKCH3Ma. Ohh nona3HBaiOT, Kan narro pernaTb Bonpocbi HayKH b Hepa3pbiBHon cbhsh c npanranoñ, c 3aflanaMH paöonero KJiacca, ocBoöoflHTejibHoro ABH>KeHii5i TpyflHmnxcn. Ohh npri3biBaiOT paöoTHirnoB Bcex oöjiacTen 3Hann5i CMejio flßnraTb Bnepëfl riayny, ôecnomaflHO iicnope- HHTb flOrMaTH3M, HanëTHHHeCTBO, ÖOpOTbCH npOTHB Bcex H BCHKHX npOBB- JieHHH h bjihhhhh 6yp>nya3H0H HfleofloruH b Hayne, jiHTepaType, HcnyccTBe^.
C HCKJironnTejibHon chjioh TOBapnui, C rajiH H normepKHyji TBopnecKini xapaKTep MapKCH3Ma nan HayKH, ero BpajKrreÖHOCTb BcnnoMy rrorMaTH3My:
«Mapi<cn3M ecTb Hayna o 3aKonax pa3BHTHH npnporrbi h oßmecTBa, Hayna o peBOJnonHH yrn e ie u H b ix n sncnjiyaTHpyeM bix Macc, Hayna o noöerre couh-
ajiH3Ma bo Bcex cTpaHax, Hayna o cxpoHxejibcxBe KOMMVHHCTH^ecKoro oómecTBa. MapKCH3M, Kai< HayKa, He Moxíex CTOHTb Ha oahom Mecxe,— oh
pa3BHBaeTCH h coBepmeHCTByeTCH. B cboSm pa3BHTHH MapKCH3M He Moncei He OÓOramaTbCH HOBblM OnbITOM, HOBbIMH 3H3HHHMH, CJieflOBaTejIbHO, ot- AejibHbie ero cpopMyjibi h BbiBo/tbi He MoryT He H3MemixbC5i c xeaenneM Bpe- MeHH, He MoryT ee 3aMeHHXbCH hobmmh (JiopMyjiaMH h BbiBOAaMH, cooxBex- CTByKDUIHMH HOBblM HCTOpHHeCKHM SaAaHaM. MapKCH3M He npH3HaeT HensMeHHbix bmboaob h cpopMyA, o6H3aTejibHbix ajih Bcex anox h nepuoAOB.
MapKCH3M HBJiaeTCH BparoM bchkoto AorMaxHSMa».
B 3TOÍÍ xapaKTepncTHKe Bbipa>KeH m o r óojiee neM CTOJieTHero pa3BH-
thh MapKCH3Ma h oxpaxíeHbi ero coBpeMeHHbie 3aa,aHH b dopbóe 3a no6eAV KOMMyHH3Ma. 3xh 3aAaHH MapKCHCxcKoñ HayKH onpeACJieHbi xoBapHmeM CxajiHHbiM b Hepa3pbiBHOH CBH3H c peBOJHOii,HOHHOH 6opb6oH paóoqero KJiacca, xpyAHin,HxcH Mace.
MapKCH3M-jieHHHH3M BcerAa Bé.n HenpHMHpHMyio 6 opb6y npoxHB Aor- MaxH3Ma. y>xe ochobohojioíkhhkh MapKCH3Ma M apire h SH rejibc Bcxpexti- jiHCb c nonbixKaMH H3BpaxHXb MapKCH3M nyxéM npeBpameHHsi ero oxAejib- Hbix nOJIOJKeHHH B OKOCXeneJIbie AOFMbl. BopHCb C H3BpameHHHMH C03A3H- HOH HMH nepeAOBOH peBOJiiOHHOHHOH XeopHH, MapKC H 3HreJIbC 33HBJIHJIH, hxo hx xeopHH — ríe AorMa, a pyKOBOACXBo k AeñcxBHio, oxcxaHBaJin peBOJiio- HHOHHO-KpHXHHeCKHH, XBOpHeCKHH AyX CBOeTO yneHHH.
OchOBaxejiH h boxkah Harnea napxiiH — JleiiHH i-i CxaJiHH — HeycxaHHO BocnnxbiBajiH napxHio b Ayxe xBopaecKoro MapKCH3Ma. Eme b nepBbix cbo-
hx paóoxax JleHHH yKa3biBaji, aro Hex HHaero omHÓoanee, aeM paccMaxpn- Baxb noJiojKeHHH MapKCH3Ma Kan Heaxo HeH3MeHHoe, pa3 HaBceraa AaHHoe.
MapKC, m icaji JleHHH, 3ajiojKHji jin u ib KpaeyroJibiibie khmhh xoh HayKH, koxo- pyio MapKCiicxbi ao jihíhh pa3pa6axbiBaxb AaAbme bo Bcex HanpaBJiemiHX.
JleHHH XI CxajIHH HeOAHOKpaXHO nOAHepKHBajIH HepaSpbIBHyiO CBH3b MapKCH3Ma c npaKXHKOH MaccoBoro peBOJiionnoHHoro a b iiík c h k h. Ohh pa3- rpoMHJiH AorMbi onnopxyHHexoB I I H urepuam ioHajia, BbixpaBJiHBUiHX H3 MapKCH3Ma ero peBOJiionHOHHoe coAepmaHHe, ero MexoA — MaxepHajiHCXnae- cKyio AHajieKTHicy. ÜOABepraH yHHaxo>Ka¡oui,eñ KpnxHKe «AorMaxnaecKHH Map-
kch3m» MeHbLueBiiKOB, xoBapHiH CxaJiHH b 1920 roAy oxMeaaji, HXO OHH oSbiHHO orpaHHHHBajiHCb BHeuiHHM npH3H3HHeM MapKCH3Ma; He yMen HJIH He xíejiaíi BHiiKiryxb b cymecxBo MapKCH3Ma, He yMea iijih He mejiasi npe- XBOpHXb ero B >KII3Hb, OHH ÍKHBbie H peBOJIIOHHOHHbie nOJIOJKeHHÍI M3pKCH- 3Ma npeBpamajiH b MépxBbie, minero He roBopumne (JjopMyjibi. Cboio Aen- xejibnocxb ohh ocHOBHBajiH He Ha onbixe, He Ha yaéxe npaKXHHecKofi paóoxbi, a Ha uuxaxax H3 M apnca. yKa3aHHH h AHpeKXiiBbi ohh aepnaJiii ríe H3 aHajni3a jkhboh AeñcxBiixejibHOCXH, a H3 aHajiorm i h ncxopmiecKHX napajijiejieñ. Pl3BpaineHHe MapKcii3Ma MeHbuieBHKaMii, onnopxyHHCxaMH I I HHxepHanHonajia orpa m a jio hx npeAaxeJibcxBo ACJia pa6oaero KJiacca.
JleHHH h CxajiHH c0 3AajiH h Bocnuxajiii napxHio HOBoro xana, napxnio OoAbuieBHKOB, cxoflm yio na noHBe xBopnecKoro MapKCH3Ma. Ohh pa3Biijin MapKCH3M npHMei-mxe.xbHO k ycjioBHHM hoboh anoxii — anoxii HMnepuajiH- 3Ma h npoJiexapcKiix peBOJiiouriH,— onpeAeJiHJin nyxn h cpeACXBa oeyme- CXB.XeHHH MapKCH3M3 B HOBOH OÓCXaHOBKe. IlapXHH JleHHHa CxajIHHa aepnaex AHpeKXHBbi h yKa33HHH He H3 HcropHaecKHX aHajiorHÜ h napajuie- ,neü. a H3 H3y'ieHHH OKpy>Kaionj.HX ycjiOBHÜ; b CBoeü AeHxejibHocxn OHa onn- paexca He Ha mixaxbi h H3peaemiH, a Ha onux Mace, npoBepHH KaxiAbiñ
cboíi m ar na onbixe, yaacb Ha cbohx o u ih ó io x, yna A pyrnx expoHxeAbexBV
hoboh JKH3HH. ÜMeHHO noaxoMy y napxiiH JleHHHa — CxajIHHa cjiobo hh- KorAa He pacxoAHXca c AejioM; OHa cjieAyex yicasaHino M apnca o xom, hxo
saAana MapKCiicxoB — He xojibko o6x>sicHHXb Mnp, ho h H3MeHiixb ero.
Hmchho noaxoMy yneHue MapKCH3Ma coxpaHHex y Harneñ napxiin nojiHO- cxbio CBOIO peBOJHOUHOHuyio xBopaecKyio ciuiy. «...MapKCHCX Ao.x>KeH yqHXbi- Baxb JKIIByiO }KH3IIb, XOHHbie (JiaKXbl deÜCTBUTC jlbHO CTU, a He npoAO.x>Kaxb uenJiHXbCH 3a xeopnio Bqepamnero a h h...» yam i JlemiH.
riE P E flO B A H 3
JleHHii öecnomaÄHO pa30ÔJiaAHA AorMbi CyxaHOBbix, KayTCKHX h npo-
ahx «repoeB» I I U m epuam on aJia, yTBepjKAaBuiHX, ato Pocchh hkoóh
«He /io3pejia» ao cou,HajiH3Ma, ato y Heë HeT «sKonoMHqecKHx npe,unocbiJioK coiiHajiH3Ma», 1ito y nee Hei- HeoöxoAHMoro «ypoBHH KyjibTypu» h t. n. BceM 3THM yqëHbiM jiaxeHM KannTa.nH3Ma 6biJia coBepmeHHo HeAocTynHa Mbicjib o TOM, ATO, KaK nOKa3aA JleHHH, «npH oßmeö 3aK0H0MepH0CTH pa3BHTHH BO BCeH BceMupHOH HCTopHH HHCKOJibKo ne HCKAionaioxcH, a, HanpoTHB, npeAHOAa- raioTCii oTjtejibHbte nojiocbi pa3BHTHH, npeACTaBAsnomfie cBoeo6pa3ne jihoo
(})OpMbI, JIHÖO nOpHAKa 3T0T0 p33BHTHH». POCCHH, a eiH,ë ÖOAee CTpäHbl Bo- CTOK3, Kax h npeABHAeA JleHHH, noKasajiH h noKa3HBaiOT sto CBoeoópa3He, B nopaAKe h (JiopMax pa3BHTHH, oöroHHH KanHTaJiHCTHqecKHe CTpaHbi 3anaAa>
KHqainHecfl cßoeft 3armiBaiom,eH h pa3AaraiomeñcH «u,HBHJiH3au,HeH».
Bopbßa 3a TBopqecKHÖ MapKCH3M, npoTHB MepTBiiipero AorMaTH3Ma cxa- HOEHTCH OCOÖeHHO B3>KHO'H B nepejIOMHbie nepHOAbl HCTOpHH, KOTAa XOÄ eë ycKopaeTCii, kotah TpeßyeTCH öbicTpaa h TOAHan opueHTannfl b caoähoh h
ÖblCTpO H3MeH51K3UI,eHCH OÖCTaHOBKe, KOTAS, 110 BbIp3>KeHHK) JleHHH3, IlOHB- AHeTCH noxpeÖHocTb «noBceMecTHoro h ao kohua npoAyMaHHoro co3H3hhh
BCeMH KO M M y H HCT a M H BCeX CTpaH HeOÖXOAHMOCTH ÖblTb MaKCHMaAbHO eu6- KUMU B CBOeft TaKTHKe».
BeAHKHe BOJKAH h yHHTeJiH paßoqero KAacca .JleHHH h Cthahh asah
BeAHHaflniHe o6pa3Hbi TBopqecKoro pa3BHXHH MapKCHCTCKoñ HayKH b ycAO- BHHX 3HOXH HMHepHaA«3Ma H npOAeTapCKHX peBOAIOU,HH. Ohm pa3BHAH AHa- AeKTHHeCKHH H HCTOpHAeCKHH MaTepHaAH3M, SKOHOMHACCKyiO TeopHK) Map- KCH3M3, TeopHK) HayAHOTO KOMMyHH3Ma, OÔOTaTHAH M3pKCH3M HOBOH, SaKOH- AeHHOH TeopHeft COHHaAHCTHAeCKOH peBOAiOHHIH, AOK333AH B03M0JKH0CTb no6eAM counaAH3Ma nepBOHanaAbHo b oahoh, otäsabho b3htoh CTpaHe.
J Ichhh h Ct3ahh BcecTopoHHe pa3BHAH yqeHHe o AHKTaType npoAeTapaaTa Kax TAaBHOM opyAHH npoAeTapCKoß peBOAiourra, opyAHH npeoßpa30BaHHH KanHTaAHCTHAecKoro oÓmeCTBa b KOMMyHHCTHAecKoe; ohh o6ochob3Ah nono-
>KeHHe O TOM, ATO CoB6TbI HBAHÏOTCH HaHAyALUeH TOCyA3pCTB6HHOH (j)OpMOH AHKTaTypbi npoAeTapnara. JleHHH h CTaAHH co3A3ah h pa3pa6oTaAH yqeHHe o peBOAfOUHOHHOH napTHH paöoAero KAacca Kax pyKOBOAHmeö CHAe b 6opb6e 3a noöeAy npoAeTapcKOH peBOAiouHH, xax pyKOBOAHmen h HanpaBAHromeö CHAe couKaAHCTHASCKoro oöipecTBa, KaK BAOxHOBHTeAe h opra®H3aTope Boex noöeA coHHaAHSMa. JleHHH h Ct b a iih onpeACAHAH nyTH h MeTOAbi CTpÓH- TCAbCTBa COHI-iaAH3Ma B yCAOBHHX KaniHTaAHCTHAeCKOTO OKpyJKeHHH H Boopy-
>khah Me>KAyHapoAHbiH npoACTapnaT, ero KOMMyHHCTHAecKHH aßaHrapA hoboh
TeopneH, CTpaTeraeñ h t3kthkoh peBOAiouHOHHOH ßopbßbi b cooTBeTCTBHH C HOBOH HCTOpHACCKOH OÖCTaHOBKOH.
PeHHaAbHbiH npoAOAHcaTeAb AeAa B. H . JleHHHa H . B. Cthahh TBOp- AeCKH pa3BHA BCë yAeHHe MapKCH3Ma-AeHHHH3Ma — AeHHHCKyiO TeopHK) COHHa- AHCTHAeCKOH peBOAK)H,HH H AHKTaTypbi IlpOAeTapHaTa, AeHHHCKyK) TeopHK) O B03M05KH0CTH HOCTpoeHHH C0H,H3AH3Ma B OAHOH CTpaHC, OnpeAeAHA nyTH H MeTOAbi nOCTpOeHHH COHHaAHCTHAeCKOrO OÖmeCTBa, HHAyCTpnaAHSaUHH CTpaHbi H K0AAeKTHBH3an,HII CeAbCKOTO X03HHCTB3. ToBapHIH Ct3AHH oßoCHO- BaA B03MO>KHOCTb nOCTpOeHHH KOMMyHH3M3 B CCCP « B TOM CAyAaC, 6CAH coxpaHHTCH KanHTaAHCTHAecKoe OKpyxíeHHe, pa3paßoTaA Bonpoc o nyTiix nocTeneHHoro nepexoAa ot copHaAH3Ma k K0MMyHH3My. ToBapHip Cthahh
co3AaA 3aKOHAeHHyro TeopHK) cou,HaAHCTHAecKoro rocyAapCTBa, A0Ka3aA ne- oßxoAHMocTb coxpaneHHH rocyAapcTBa npn KOMMyHH3Me b tom CAynae, ec ah ßyneT npoAOA>K3Tb cymecTBOBaTb KanHTaAHCTHAecKoe oKpyjKenHe.
H. B. Cthahh BOopy>KHA napTHK) h cobctckhö napoA BeAHAecTBeHHon npo- rpaMMOH HOCTpoeHHH KOMMyHH3Ma b Hamen CTpaHe.
yqeHHe MapKCH3Ma-AeHHHH3Ma BCeCHAbHO, nOTOMy ATO OHO BepHO.
FIpaBHAbHOCTb h Bceno6e>KAaiomaH CHAa MapKCH3Ma-AeHHHH3Ma noA- TBepXiAeHbl npaKTHKOH PGBOAIOHHOHHOH Öopbßbl COTeH MHAAHOHOB TpyASI- mnxcH b Hamen CTpaHe h bo bcgm MHpe. FIoa 3HaMeHeM MapKCH3Ma-AeiiH- HH3M3 noßeAHAa BeAiiKan OKTHÖpbCKaa counaAHCTHAecKaH peBOAromin,
OTKpblBLUaSI HOByiO sp y B HGTOpHH qeAOBeueCTBa. H oA 9THM 3H3MeHeM H3- poÄH CCCP, pyKOBOflHMbie napTueñ JleHUHa — OraAHHa, nocTpoiiAH couh- a jiH3M h yBepeHHO HAyT BnepëA, k KOMMyHH3My. TßopqecKaH CHAa MapKCH- 3Ma-JiennHH3Ma iipKO npoHBAHeTCH b ycn exa x ciponTejibCTBa cou.najiH3Ma b CTpaHax HapoÄHOH AeMOKpaTHH, b HCTopiiqecKOH noßeAe BeAHKoro KiiTaii- cKoro HapoAa, CTpoíimero HOByro, cBoßoAHyio >KH3Hb, AoßHBaiom,erocH óbiCTporo nporpecca bo Bcex oöJiacTHX xo3HHCTBa h KyjibTypbi.
CoBpeMeHHaa nojipca HCTopuqecKoro pa3BHTHH xapaKrepH3yeTCH p a c iy - mHM oöocipeHHe.M ßopbßbi Aßyx Jiarepeñ: Jiarepa MHpa, aeMOxpaTHH h couua- jiH3Ma, c oahoh CTopoHbi, h Aarepn KMnepnaJiH3Ma — c a p y ro fi. B stoh ßopbße Bcë ßoAee HaAAaMbisaioTCH c ham HMnepi-iajiH3Ma, KpenuyT cham Jiarepa Mupa, AeiwoKpaTHii h couHajiH3Ma, BoarjiaBJiHeMoro Cobctckhm Cok)30m — ohaotom M u p a h cboBo am HapoaoB. riopa>KeHHe HMnepnaAHSMa h noßeua KOMMyHH3Ma HeH3ÖeXKHbl. K0MMyHH3M, yK33bIBajl JleHHH, BbipaCTaeT peUIHTeJIbHO H3 Bcex CTOpoH oömecTBenHOH JKH3HH, pocTKH ero ecTb peiuHte.abHO noB cioiiy: ecAii 6yp>Kya3H53 c ocoßoß TiuaTejibHOCTbio 3aKpbiBaeT oahh h3 b h x o a o b, poctkh HOBo ro ÄBH>xeHHH Haxo/iHT A p y ro fi BMXOA, HHorAa caMbiß HeOJKHÆaHHblH.
>Ka3Hb ôepëT CBoë. H arne BpeMH BofiAëT b HCTopiuo, Kai< repoHuecKaa snoxa ßopbßbi 3a noßeAV KOMMyHH3Ma.
BeJiHKne >KH3iieyTBep>KflaiomHe HAen MapKCH3Ma-JieHHHH3Ma baoxhob-
ahiot jiarepb Mupa, AeMOKpaTHH 11 counaAH3Ma b ero ßopbße npoTHB jia re p íi HMnepHajiHCTHqecKOH peaxuHH h bohhm. HMnepiiaAH3M HecëT qeAOBeqecTBy CMepib h pa3pymenHe. CouHaAHSM 03HaqaeT oßHOBAeHiie h B03po>KAeHHe qejiOBeqecTsa, BecHy ero oeBoßoxcAeHHH. OepeAOBbie ßopubi paßoqero KJiacca Bcex CTpaH bhaht b MapKCH3Me-jieHHHH3Me KOMnac, nyTeBOAHyio 3Be3Ay b
ßopbße 3a ocBoßojK/xeHHe ot KanuTaAHCTHuecKoro paßcTBa. Tenepb yx<e m h a-
jikohu TpyÄHmHxcH noHHMaioT, KaKoe rpOMaAHoe, noncTHHe peiuaioiuee^3Ha- qeHHe aah cyAeß paßoqero KJiacca u Bcero qejioßeqecTBa HMejia Ta ßopbßa 3a TBopqecKHH MapKCH3M h ero pa3BHTne, KOTopyro JleHHH h Cthahh BejiH c nep BblX IliarOB CBOeß peBOAIOUHOHHOfi AGHTeJlbHOCTH.
B «KpaTKOM Kypce HCTopuH B K n ( ß ) » b KauecTBe BajKHefimero hcto- pirqecKoro yp oxa noAnepKHBaeTCH, uto napTHH ßoAbiueBHKOB «He cyM ejia ßbi noßeAHTb b O x ia ß p e 1917 roAa, ecAH ßbi ee nepenoßbie xaApbi He oBJia- AeJiir Teopueä MapKCH3Ma, ec/iH ßbi ohh He HayqujiHCb cMOTpeTb na 3Ty Teopmo, Kax Ha pyKOBOACTBO k a sh c tbh io, ecJin ßbi ohh He HayqiuiHCb ABHraTb BnepeA MapKCHCTCKyio Teopnio, o ß o ram aa ee hobwm onbiTOM KJiaccoBOH ßopbßbi npojieTapHaTa». HMeHno noTOMy, mto JleHHH h CTajiHH ABHHyjiH BnepëA MapKCHCTCKyio xeopnio h BOopyxiHJin eio ßojibineBHCTCKyio napTHK), napTHH CMor.aa npHBecTH paßoqHH KJiacc, TpyAHiUHXCH k BejinnaH- UIHM, BCeMHpHO-HClOpHqeÇKHM noßeflaM K0MMyHH3M3.
riocTpoeHHDe b CCCP couHajiHCTHqecKoe oßmecrBo pa3BHBaeTCH no n y ra K KOMMyHHSMy HH OCHOBe BejIHKHX HA6H JleHHHa - CraJIHHa. MapKCH3M- AeHHHH3M HBJIHeTCH HayHHOH OCHOBOH pyKOBOACTBa X0 3HHCTBeHHbIM H KyAb- TypHblM CTpOHTeAbCTBOM H AßAOM KOMMyHHCTHHSCKOrO BOCnHT3HHH TpyAH- mHXCH. nosTOMy Haina napTHH npHAaëT BeAHqañuiyio BaJKHOCTb h 3HaneHHe AaAbHeHineMV pa3BHTHIO TeOpHH H MapKCHCTCKO-AeHHHCKOMy BOCnHTaHHIO KOMMVHHCTOB, KaApOB BCeX OTpaCACH napTHHHOH H TOCyAapCTBeHHOH paOOTbl.
TOBapHIU CraAHH yqHT TBOpqeCKOMy OBAaAëHHIO MapKCH3MOM-JieHHHH3- MOM. OßAaAeTb MapKCHCTCKO-AeHHHCKOH TeOpiieH, rOBOpHT TOBapHIU CxajiHH, — 3TO He 3HaqiiT 3ayqiiTb Bce e ë cjiopMyAbi h b u b o a b i h uenAHTbcn 3a KaXiAyiO ßyKBy 3THX cJlOpMyA H BblBOAOB. PTOßbl OBAaAeTb MapKCHCTCKO- jk'Hhhckoh Teopueü, H.y>KHo npejKAe Bcero vcBOHTb cymecTBo stoh Teopnn h HayquTbCH noAb30'B3TbCH eio npn pemeHHH npaKTHqecKHx BonpocoB peBOAio- UHOHHoro ABHaceHHH b pa3AiiqHbix ycjiOBHHX KJiaccoBOH ßopbßbi npoAeTapna- Ta. OßAaAeTb -reopueñ MapxcH3Ma — sHaqiiT n p e * A e Bcero noHHTb cBH3b ot- AeAbHblX nOAO>KeHHH MapKCH3Ma C TeMH yCAÓBHHMH, B KOTOpUX OHH B03HHK3- AH, pa3paßaTbiBajiHCb h npHMeHHAHCb, h, TAaBHoe, yMeTb TBopqecKH npiiM e- HHTb IIOAO>KCHHH MapKCH3Ma-AeHHHH3Ma B HOBblX yCAOBHHX.
n E P E flO B A H 5
GrpOHTejibCTBO kom My hh 3 m a b Harnea cTpaHe npn o6m n jio tuapoqaHm ae Maccbi K a3yqeHHio MapncacTcno-AeHaHCKoa TeopHH. O ßjiaaeTb 3anoHaMH CTpoHTejibCTBa KOMMyHH3Ma — H acym aaa 3aAaaa TBopuoB HOBoro oómecTBa.
I loóe.’ia OKTHÓpbCKoñ peBOJnouHH b Poccaa, noóeaa cou,naj]H3Ma b CCCP Harjifl/uio noKa3ajin BceMy TpyAameMyca qeAOBeqecTBV, «k neMy BeAëT MapKCH3M h HTO MÔ3K6T 03HaaaTb ero noöena...» (Ctcuiuh). H TpyAHmaeca Bcero Mapa noTHHyjiHCb k MapncacTCKO-AeaHHcnoMy yaemno, BbipaacaH sthm CBoë npH3naHHe toto, hto Mapnca3M-AeHHHH3M — hx yqeHHe, ax 3H3m h. M.apKCH3M-JieHHHH3M ceaaac H3yqaroT MHjiJiHOHbi JiKDASH bo Bcex CTpaHax
Mapa.
BßHAy HeóbiBajioro emë b acTOpna pacnpöcTpaHeHaa MapncH3Ma ero pa3pa6oTKa u nponaraHAa cAeAaAHCb HCKAtoqHTeAbHO oTBeTCTBeHUbiM a c a o m. T ojibKO Tanaa nponaraHAa MapncH3Ma-AeHHHH3Ma, noTopaa paccM arpusaeT e ro nan pa3BHBaromeeca yqeHae, nocTOHHao yqHTbiBaeT ero CBH3b c riCTOpa- qeCKOfí OÖCTaHOBKOft, C nOTpeÓHOCTHMH COBpeMeHHOH anOXH, MO>KeT AaTb HCTHHBoe ncHHMaHHe A yxa u cymecTBá Mapnca3Ma, HayqaTb TBopqe- CKOMy npHMeHeHHfo ero k >k h3Hh. ToAbno H3yqeaae a pa3paóoTKa TeopiiH MapKCH3Ma B OpraHHHeCKOH CBH3H C nOTpeÔHOCTaMIl peBOJIK)UHOHHOH npaK- th kh coxpaHHioT ero TBopqecnyio c a jiy a rapam apyiO T ot AorMaTaqecnoro ero Hci<a>KeHHH.
Tpya H. B. CîajiHHa «Mapnca3M a Bonpccbi a3bino3HaHaa» — 3aMeaa- TejibHbiH o6pa3eu TBopqecnoa pa3pa6oTna MapncacTcnoa Teopaa b Hepa3- pblBHOH CBH3H C HaCyfflHblMH 3aAaqaMH CTpOHTeJIbCTBa KOMMyHH3Ma — A3A M oryqaa TOJiqOK pa3BHTino Bcex HayK. Ho b m íí noAneM aayqaoa m licah
npoHBJiaeTCH b ycnexax nepeAOBoa coBercnoa Hayna, b ojkhbjiöhhoh 6opb- 6c MHeHHH B CaMblX pa3JIHqHbIX OÓJiaCTHX 3H3HHH: B MaTeMaTHKe, aCTpOHO- MHH, reoAoraa, cj3H3HKe, x h m h h, óhoaothh, ncaxOAoraa, cjjaAococfjaa, HCTopaa, nojiHTaqecKOH 3K0H0MHH h A pyrax ecTecTBeHHbix a o6inecTBeHHbix Haynax.
npo A B iim ea ae coBeTCKoro oómecTBa k K0MMyHH3My nopo>KAaex HO Bbie noTpeÔHOCTH, CT3EHT HOBbie 3aAaqa, oTKpbiBaeT mapoKoe nonpatae AJ1H pa3BHTHH BCeX OÓJiaCTCH ri03HaHHH, AAH CMejIblX Aep3aHHH aayqHOH Mbl- ejiH. H ayn a MO>neT ycneuiHO ABaraTbca BnepëA roAbno b tom CJiyqae, ecJin ona 6yAeT hath b Hory c a<H3Hb¡o a coAeñcTBOBáTb BceMepuoMy pa3BHTHio npOH3BOAHTeJIbHbIX CHA, TeXHHKH, 3AeKTpHC¡)HKaUHH, MexaHH33HHH H 3BT0Ma- TiisauHH npoH3BOACTBa, ycoBepmeHCTBOBaHHio TexHOAOraqecnax npoueccoB.
npHxoAHTCH, oAHano, oTMCTHTb, HTO MHorae aayqabie paôoTHHKH eme He nocneBanjT 3a öbiCTpbiMii TCMiraMH CTpoHTeAbCTBa noMMyHH3Ma, aeAocTa- ToqHo c.MeAo h peuiHTeAbHO BeAyT pa3pa6oTny npoÖAeM, nocTaBAeHHbix ne- peA hhm h npanTHKOH, >KH3Hb¡o. Tan, b oÖAacTH oßuxecTBeHHbix Hayn CAaóo pa3pa6aTbiBaioTCH MHorne anTyaAbHbie Bonpocbi Teopnn coBeTcnoro oßmecT- Ba h rocyAapcTBa, npoÖAeMbi nepexoAa ot couHaAH3Ma n noMMyHH3My. Co- 3A3HHe MaTepHaAbHO-TexHHqécnoS 6a3bi KOMMyansMa, pasBaTae npoa3BOAa- TeAbHWX CHA H COUHaAHCTHqeCKHX npOH3BOACTBeHHbIX OTHOUJeHHH, CTHpaHHe KAaccoBbix pa3Aaqaa — sth h MHorae Apyrae Bonpocbi eme ayiyT CBoeä TAyßonoä a EcecTopoHaea pa3pa6oTna co CTopoabi Harnax aayqHbix paöoT- HHKOB.
MapnCH3M-AeHHHH3M HCXOAHT H3 TOFO, HTO B p33BHTHH AIOÓOTO o6me- CTBeHHoro CTpoá rAaBHyro a onpeAeaaioiáyio poAb arpaeT npoH3BOACTBO. ripo- H3B0ACTB0 onpeAeAaeT a pacnpeAeAeHae. Meacay TeM b aaiaea (pHAOco^cnoa H 3KOHOMaqecKoa AHTepaType a b nenaroraaecnoa npam ane BCTpeqaioTca nonbiTna cac aaTb ynop b pa3pa6oTne npoöAeM nepexoAa n noMMyHH3My Ha pacnpeAeAeHHH a paccMaTpaBaTb pacnpeAeAeHae b oTpuBe ot pa3BHTaa npo- H3B0AHTeAbHbIX CHA, nOBblUieHHH npOH3BOAHTeAbHOCTH TpyAa, C03ASHHH H30- 6hahh npoAyKTOB,— nopoae roBopa, b OTpbiBe ot 3aAaqa co3AaHaa MaTepa- aAbHO-TexHHqecnoa 6a3bi K0MMyaa3Ma. Tanoa «pacnpeAeAeHqecno-noTpeóa- TeAbCKHH» nOAXOA k npOÖAeMaM CTpoHTeAbCTBa K0MMyHH3Ma HBAaeTCa BpeA-
h h m, aHTHMapncacTCKHM, nopoa<AaeT HenpaBHAbHoe noHHMaHae 3anoHOMep- HocTea cTpoaieAbCTBa noMMyHH3Ma. Bonpocbi pacnpeAeAeHHH HMeiOT Baac-
Hoe 3HaueHHe, ho ohh hbahiotch ne o c h o b h h m h, He onpeACAHiomHMH, a npo- H3Bo/i,HbiMH: hto6m nepeñTH K KOMMyHHCTHqecKOMy npHHm iny pacnpeAe/ie- HHH, HaAO AOCTHTHyTb T3K0T0 BblCOKOrO ypOBHH pa3BHTHH npOH3BOAHTeAbHbIX c h a, KOTopbiñ oöecneHHT H3o6HJiHe npeAMeTOB noTpeÖJiemiH. IlpaKTHKa CTpOHTeJlbCTBa K0MMyHH3M3 06H3bIB3eT BCeCTOpOHHe pa3pa6aTb!BaTb nOJlH- THHeCKyiO 3KOHOMHIO" COUHajIH3Ma, Bonpocbl yKpenjieHHH H pa3BHTHH 3KOHO- MîmecKoro 6a3Hca cotmaAHSMa, coHHaAHCTHqecKoñ coóctbcuhocth, phsbhthh counajiacTiniecKOH h3a c tp o h kh, coruiaAHCTiiqecKHX noAUTHnecKHX, npaBOBbix, MOpaAbHblX, (flHAOCOCjlCKHX, XVAO>KeCTBeHHbIX B3TJ15ÎAOB H COOTBeTCTByiOIH,MX hm yapejKASHHH, bcch cucTeMbi conHaAHCTHqecKoro rocyAapcTBa.
CoBeTCKOMy HapoAy Hyxcubi TpyAH, ocBemaioniHe aKTyajibHbie Boopocbi
coixHaAHCTHqecKoro rocyAapcTBa h npaßa, p o jib rocyAapcTBa h npaßa b CTpOHTeJlbCTBe KOMMyKH3Ma , B yKpenAeHHH H P33BHTIÍH COUHaJIHCTHHeCKOrO 6a3HCa, COUHaAHCTHHeCKOH COÔCTBeHHOCTH H B KOMMyHHCTHqeCKOM B0CnHT3- HHH TpyAfiiHHXCH. ü ep eA paöoTHHKaMH b oßjiacTH coBeTCKoro npaßa ctoht öojTbmne 3aAanH b pa3paöoTKe TeopeTHqecKHx npoöjieM , KOTopbie BbiABHra- KDTCH npaKTHKOH COBeTCKOTO 3aKOHOA3TeAbCTBa, pa3paÖOTKOH KOAeKCOB no pa3HbiM oTpacAHM coBeTCKoro npaßa. A MOKAy TeM b noc.neAHHe roAbi Ha 9TH TeMbi He noHBHAoc.b uh OAHOH oparaKaAbHOH paöoTbi. BMecTO SToro ne- KOTopbie paöoTHHKH b oójiacTH npaßa n p e A n o n m a m 33HHMaTbCH cxoA acra- necKHMH cnopaMH, nanpHMep, o to m, htó h3ao CHHTaTb npaBOBHMH ynpejKAe- h h h m h: ynpe>KAeHHH rocyAapcTBa, KOTopbie h3A31ot 3aKOHbi h cacaht 3a hx npOB€AeH'HeM B }KH3Hb, HAH TOAbKO COBOKynHOCTb 33KOHOB?
H a hobom m o ihho m noAßeMe naxoAHTCH cou.uaAHCTHHecKan AHTepaTypa H HCKyCCTBO. CoBeTCKHe HHCaTeAH H AeHTeAH HCKyCCTBa B CB0HX npOH3BeAe- hhh x 3anenaTAeßaiOT HOByio, s n o x y b xch3HH Harnero HapoAa h Bcero qeAO- BeqecTBa. JlHTepaTypoBeAbi h HCKyccTBOBeAbi npn3BaHbi oöoömHTb orpoMHHH onbiT pa3BHTHH AHTepaTypbi h HCKyccTEa. /XaAbHeHinan pa3pa6oTKa TeopHH COHHaAHCTHqeCKOH KyAbTypbx, 3THKH H 3CT6THKH, TAyÖOKOe paCKpblTHe 3aK0- HOMepHocTefi pasBHTHH couHaAHCTHnecKOH KyAbTypbi noMOA<eT namriM nnca- TeAHM h xyA0>KHHKaM c eme óoAbineñ chaoh 0Tpa3HTb cpeACTBaMH AHTepa
Typbi, KHH0, JKHBOnHCH, My3bIKH, CKyAbnTypbl, apXHTCKTypbl BeAHHHe BCCHa- POAHOH 6opb6bI 3a T0p>KeCTB0 K0MMyHH3M3.
CoBeTCKHe yqëHbie a o a x œ b i AoÖHTbca noAHoro npeoAOAeriHH omnßoK h
nyTaHHUbi, KOTopbie 6m a h BHeceHbi b Hayny «Teopueñ» H. fl. M appa. 3to
B03M0AÍH0 AHIHb Ha OCHOBe rAyÖOKOH MapKCHCTCKOH pa3paÖ0TKH HCTOpHH napoAOB, hx KyAbTyp h H3MK0B, pacKpbiTHH HCTOpHHecKoro npouecca o6pa- 30BaHHH H KOHCOAHAanHH COUHaAHCTHHeCKHX HaUHH CCCP, paSBHTHH HX KyAbTyp H H3MK0B B npOUeCCe CTpOHTeAbCTBa C0miaAH3Ma H KOMMyHH3M3.
CTpOHTeAbCTBO K0MM_yHH3Ma CT3BHT HOBbie SaASHH nepeA COBeTCKHMH (£)H- AOCO(|)aMH. Pa3pa6oTKa Bonpocoe AHaAëKTHqecKoro h HCTOpHuecKoro MaTe- pH3AH3Ma HMeeT ßoAbuioe 3HaqenHe a a h noriHManHH saKOHOMepHocTeñ nepe- XOAa OT C0H,HaAH3Ma K K0MMyHH3My. TpyA H. B. CTaAHHa «MapKCH3M H BO-
rip O C b l H3bIK03HaHHH» yqHT TOMy, KaK HaAO pa3BHB3Tb H KOHKpeTH3HpOB3Tb
caMbie oömHe noAoxceHHH AnaAeKTHqecKoro h HCTopnqecKoro MaTepHaAH3Ma, yrAyöAHTb bcö Hayquoe no3HaHHe, pa3pa6aTbißaTb Bonpocu MapKCHCTCKoñ AHaAeKTHKH Ha MaTepHaAe KOHKpeTHbix HayK. ToAbKO TaKaa pa3paßoTKa c})H- aoco4)ckoh TeopHH BOopy>KaeT coßeTCKHX ynëHbix MapKCHCTCKrjM AHaAeKTnqe- CKHM MeTOAOM, 0Ka3bIBaeT HM nOMOLUb B Öopbße C HAeaAH3M0M, CO BCHKOTO pOAa peaKHHOHHbIMH TeopHH MH 6yp>Kya3H0H 4)HA0C0(J)HH.
HeOÖXOAHMbIM yCAOBIieM pa3BHTHH MapKCHCTCKOH TeopHH, nOBbimeHHH HAeHHO-TeoperaqecKoro ypoBHa HainHx KaApoB hbahctch ßopböa c npoHB- AeHHHMH ByAbrapH3aiiHH, AoraaTH3Ma h HaqëTHHqecTBa. TaAMyAH3M h na- qëTHHqecTBo npim ecA ii HeMaAUH BpeA He t o a lk o b (Jhiaococ^hh, ho h b riCHXOAorHH, neAaroTHKe h b TeopHH npaßa. Pa3BHTHe Bcex OTpacAeñ nayKH nomAO 6bi ropasAO ycnemnee, ecAH 6bi cnemraAHCTbi paspaöaThiBaAH Teopmo B Hepa3pbIBH0H CBH.3H C npaKTHKOH, C nOTpeÖHOCTHMH p33BHTHH COHHaAHCTH' qecKoro oßiyecTBa, ecAH 6bi BeAacb ôoAee nocAeAOBaTeAbnaH h eenpHMHpH'
IlE P E flO B A fl 7
Man 6opb6a npoTHB nonuTOK HaqeTHHKOB u TajiMyÆHCTOB yBecra HayqHyio Mbicjib b aeôpH öecnjiOÄHbix cxojiacTHqecKHX paccy>K,a,eHHH.
HexoTopbie HauiH HayqHbie paôoTHHKH Bcë emë orpaHHHHBaroTCH nepe- CKa30M yxce HeoAHOKparao onyöJMKOBaHHbix 4>aKTOB, He AaBaH npa stom h h o b u x TeopeTHHecMHx oöoömeHHH. XyaocoHHe pswa paöoT, noHBJiflromHxcH B neqara, a Taioxe mhothx /jHccepTanHH— pe3yjibTaT He3HaHHa SoraTefim eii COBeTCKOH ÂeïïCTBHTejIbHOCTH H HeyMCHHH 06oÖIH,aTb HOBbie HBJieHHH B pa3- bhthh coBeTCKoro oömecTBa.
TßopqecKaa ciwejiocTb b nocTaHOBKe h pememiH h o b h x npoßjieM o6ec- nequBaeTCH JiHiub b tom cJiyqae, ecJin HayqHbiH paöoTHHK, oBjia/ieBan Teopnen MapKCH3Ma-JieHHHH3Ma, BMeCTe C TeM H3yqaeT >KH3Hb, (JiaKTbl, OTHOCHIHHeCH K pa3pa6aTHBaeMOH hm HayqHoñ npoôjieM e. í>aKTbi — sto B03ayx yqëeo- ro, Memo CK33aji BejiHKHH pyccKHH yqeHbiñ M. FI. FlaBJioB, ÄOÖaBJijia npn 3TOM, HTo OAHHX cjDaKTOB, KOHeHHO, M ajio,— HeoßxoÄHMO hx TeoperaqecKoe o6o6meHHe h oÔBHCHeHHe. Tojibko npHMeHeHHe MapKCHCTCKo-JieHHHCKOH Teo- pHH k H3yqeHHio HOBoro MHorooôpa3Horo 4>aKTHtieCKor o M arep na jia onpejre- JiHeT TBOpqecKyio nocTaHOBKy h ruioÆOTBopHoe peuiem-ie h o b h x npoôJieM Teo- pHH H npaKTHKH CTpOHTeJIbCTBa KOMMyHH3M3.
SjieMeHTbi HaqëTHHqecTBa h TajiMy,n,H3Ma HMeiOT MecTO h b npeno.ua- B3HHH, BCJieACTBHe qero y nac h noHBJunoTCH HHOiyia T axoro pofla «Teopera- k h», KOTopbie, 3ayqnB OT^ejibHbie (£)0pMy.nbi h noJio>KeHHH MapKCH3Ma, ne noHHMaioT hx CMbicjia h He yMeiOT npHMeHHTb TeopHio b npaKTHqecKOH paôoTe.
3 a jia q a napTHHHHX opraHH3auHH HayqHO-HCCJie^OBaTejibCKHx yqpexweHHH H By30B COCTOHT B TOM, HTOÔbl BOCHHTblBaTb Kazipbl B £ y x e TBOpqeCKOTO Map- KCH3M3, npHB,neKaTb hx k paapaôoTKe aKTyajibHbix npoöJieM, ôopOTbca npoTHB BCHKHX nOnbITOK OTpbIBa TeOpiiH OT npaKTHKH. napTHHHbie OpraHH33HHH npH3BaHbi cnocoôcTBOBaTb co3flaHHîo Taxon o6c t3h o bkh, KOTopasi oôecneqn- Bajia 6bi nJioAOTBopuyiO 6opb6y m h chkh h CBoôo/iy k p h t h k h bo Bcex o ô jia - cthx HayKH. EtapTHHHbie opraHH3auHH â o jih îh m ÆaBaTb peujHTejibHbiH OTnop nonbiTKaM 3a>KHMa k p h t h k h, noAnepjKHBaTb nepe^oBoe, yMeTb OTJinqaTb no/i- JiHHttyro H ayxy h no,iyiHHHbix HOBaTopoB ot jixtenayK H h JUKeHOBaTopoB b Hayxe. KjJHTHKa h caMOKpHTHKa — sto BaxŒeSiuaH 3aK0H0MepH0CTb h a b h- Hiym an c iu ia pasBHTHH coBercKoro oömecTBa h COBeTCKOH nayKH. Bopbßa MHeHHH b HayKe, cBo6o.ua flHCKyccHÎi, iuHpoKoe o6cy>K^eHHe aKTyajibHefliHHx HayqHbix npoôJieM na ocuoBe ôojibuieBHCTCKOH k p h t h k h h c3m o k p h t h k ii npn- 3BaHbi flB H rarb Bnepë^ HayKy, oôoram aTb eë HOBbiMH ÆaHHbiMH.
riapTHH JleHHHa— CTajIHHa — STO napTHH nOÆJIHHHblX HOBaTOpOB, TBOp- UOB HOBoro, KOMMyHHCTKqecKoro oöuiecTBa; hmchho nosTOMy OHa Bcer/ia ycneuiHo pem ajia h p em ae r HCTopnqecKHe 3a,naqH, nocTaBJieHHbie nepea Heß rpaHflH03HbIM CT3JIHHCKHM njiaHOM CTpOHTeJIbCTBa KOMMyHH3M3 B HaUieH CTpaHe.
napTHH K irra a ___________
BejiHKHñ KHTañcKHH HapoÄ, TpyjiHiHHeca Bcex crpaH OTMenaiOT Tpnjma- THjieTne KOMMyHHCTHBecKoñ napTHH K m aa, npome/uneH cjiaBHbiñ nyTb 6opb- 6bi h noöea.
KoMMyHHCTHHecKan napTHH K m a n B03i\naBHjia HanHOHajibHO-ocBoßojiH- TejibHyio 6opb6y KHTañcKoro Hapona h npHBena k noóene aHTHHMnepnaJiHCTH- necKOH h aHTiicjjecniajibHoñ peBOjnouHH. KuTaS CTaji He3aBHCHMbiM, cboooæ- HbiM rocyaapcTBOM, Hąpó/tHOH pecnyóJiHKoń; BnepBbie b hctophh KHTañcKHH Hapo^ CTaJI X03HHH0M CBOOH CTpaHbl.
n o 6e.ua KHTañcKoíi peBOjirouHH c orpoMHoñ chjioh noÆTBepÆHjia BejiHKoe Me>KflVHapoAHoe 3HaneHHe OKTHÔpbCKOH çoiiHaJiHCTHHecKOH peBOjnouHH b
POCCHH, OTKpblBUieH HOByiO 3py B HCTOpHH HejIOBeHeCTBa H flaBUieH TpyÄB- mHMCH Bcex -CTpaH BAoxHOBJiHiomHH npHMep 6opb6bi 3a HOByiO >KH3Hb. CaMa no6e.ua kht3hckoh peBOjnouHH CTajia bo3mo>khoh ójiaronapa yTBepjKfleHHro couHajiH3Ma b CCCP; oHa cTajia bo3mo>khoh b pe3yjibTaie toto, hto Cobbt- CKan ApMHH pa3rpoMHJia thtjigpobckhh cj)ainH3M h anoHcrañ HMnepnajiHSM.
KoMMyHHCTHHecKaH napTHH KHTan, oTKpbiBinaH KHTañcKOMy Hapony nyTb
k couHaJiH3My, B CBoen jreHTejibHOCTH onupaeTCH Ha Teopnio MapKCH3Ma- Jie'HHHH3Ma h Ha rnraHTCKHH onbiT 6oJibuieBHCTCKOH napTHH. HcTopanecKne ycneXH KHTaHCKOH peBOJIIOUHH, ÄOCTHrHyTbie nofl pyKOBOilCTBOM KOMMyHHCTH- necKOH napTHH KHTan, hbjwiotch hobhm TpnyMt^OM Bceno6e>Kflaiomero yne- HHH MapKCH3Ma-JieHHHH3Ma, CBRneTejibCTBOM ero MeaijyHapoÄHoro xapaKTepa.
BejiHKHe bo>käh h ynHTejm TpynnmHxcn JleHHH h Ct3jihh ynejinjiH orpoM- Hoe BHHMaHHe ocBoßonHTejibHOH 6opb6e KHT'añcKOro Hapo.ua, paccMaTpHBan eë nan cocTaBHyio nacTb MexeayHaponHoro peBOJirouHOHHoro nBHXieHHH. B Tpy- Aax B. H. JleHHH a h H. B. CTajiHHa naHbi OTBeTU Ha caMbie HacymHbie bo- npOCbl p33BHTHH KHTaHCKOH peBOJIIOHHH.
JleHHH naMeTHji nyTH ocBo6o>KjieHHH TpyflHtuHXCH Mace A3HH H3-non Hra HMnepHajiH3Ma h yKa3biBan, hto nojir MOKnyHapoflHoro paóonero KJiacca — 0Ka3aTb BceMepHyio noMomb peBOjnonHOHHOH 6opb6e KOJiOHHajibHbix Hapo^OB.
rio,n.HepKHBaH 3HaneHHe KHTan h Bcero KOJioHHajibHoro MHpa b 6opb6e npoTHB HMnepHajiH3Ma, B. H . JleHHH nucaji: « Hcxoä 6opb6bi 33bhcht, b ko- HenHOM cneTe, ottoto, hto Pocchh, Hhæhh, KHTan ht. n. cocTaBjinioT raraHT- CKOe ÖOJIbIHHHCTBO HacejieHHH. A HMeHHO STO 60JIbUIHHCTB0 HaceJieHHH H BTH- THBaeTCH c HeoßbinaHHOH ßucTpoTOH b nocneÄHHe roflbi b 6opb6 y 3a cboö
OCBOÖOJKneHHe, TaK HTO B 3T0M CMblCJIC He MO>KeT ÖblTb HH TeHH COMHeHHH
b tom, KaKOBo 6y.neT oKOHHaTejibHoe pemeHHe mhpoboh 6opb6bi. B btom
CMbicne OKOHHaTejibHan no6ena couHanH3Ma Bnojme h 6e3ycji0BH0 oßecne- neHa».
ToBapHm CT3JIHH pa3paß0TK0H BOnpOCOB KHT3HCK0H: peBOJUOUHH BHëc BbinaiOLUHHCH BKJiaa B MapKCHCTCKO-JieHHHCKyiO TeOpHK). PaSOÖJianaH Tpon- KHCTOB h npyrHx npe^aTejieH nejia npojieTapnaTa, areHTOB HMnepHanH3Ma, nbiTaßuiHxcH 3aryÖHTb KHTaflcKyro peBojnonHio, TOBapHui Ct3jthh reHHajibHO onpeAëJiHJi xapaKTep, nepcneKTHBbi h ÄBKncymne chjih kht3hckoh peBOJiKJUHH.
AnajiH3 h npe^BHaeHHe TOBapama CTajiHHa nojinocTbio noÄTBepniAenbi bcbm
X0ÄOM HCTOpHH.
T P H flH A T H ilE T H E K O M M Y K H C T H H E C K O H IIA P T H H K H TA H 9
B CBOHX npOH3BefleHHHX, nOCBKUieHHblX KHTaiO, TOBapHUI CtBJIHH 0 6 0CHO- Baji cTpaierHHecKHe h TaxTHaecxne npHHnnnbi, caeaya KOTOpbiM x h t3hcxhh
npojiCTapn¿T á ëro aßarirapa — xoM'MVHHCTH'iecxaa napTHH — npuneaH na- poÄHbie Macew KHTaa k noóeae. PeBoaionna b KHTae, yxa3biBaa TOBapnm CíajIHH, HBJlHeTCH COeaHHeHHeM flByX nOTOKOB peBOJIIOUHOHHOrO aBHJXeHHH
j.bh>k€hhsí npoTHB (jmoaaabHbix nepemiiTxoB h jXBH>KeHHH npoTHB HMnepna- JiH3Ma — h aojiJXHa 6yaex npHHHTb rayöoxo HapoaHbiñ h apxo HauHOHajibHbiñ xapaKTep, yrayóaaacb m ar 3a uiaroM, aoxoaa ao OTnaaHHbix c x b3tok c HMne- pnajiH3MOM, noTpacaa caMbie ochobh nMnepnajiH3Ma bo bcem MHpe. Xapax- TepH3ya peBOjiiouHOHHoe aBHxxeHxe b KHTae, TOBapnm G ranan roBopan, hto
«KHTañcKaH peBOJiiouHfl, öyayan peBonxmHen óypHíyasHO-aeMOxpaTHnecxoH, HBjiaeTca BMecTe c tcm HanHOHanbHO-ocBOÖoaaTenbHOH peBOJiiouneñ, HanpaB- JieHHoñ CBOHM cctphöm npoTHB rocnoacTBa ay>Ke3eMHoro HMnepaanH3Ma
b KHTae».
K B. CTajiHH TpeóoBaji cipororo paannneHHa Me>xay peBOjnoiXHeS
b cTpaaax HMnepHanHCTHneckHX, b cTpaHax, yrHeTaiomHx apyrae Hapoabi, 11 peBOJIIOIiHeñ B CTpaHax XOnOHHanbHblX H 3aBHCHMbIX, B CTpaHax, TepH5HU,HX HMnepuaJiHCTHHecKHH rHët a p y ra x rocyaapcTB.
GrajiHHCKHe yxa 3aHHH o HeoöxoaHMocTH o6a3aTenbHoro ynëTa HauHo- HajibHO-ocoöeHHoro h HanHOHanbHO-cnenHcJmnecxoro b xa>xaoS crpaHe CbirpajTH onpeaenatomyx} pojib npH BbipaöoTxe xoMMyHHCTHnecxoH napTHeñ KHTaa cBoeñ cTpaTerHH h t3kthkh.
B TBOpaecKOH pa3pa6öTxe BOnpocoB xHTancxon peBonioiMH Ha óasé MapKCH3Ma-JI€HHHH3Ma, B OCyiH€CTBJieHHH MapKCHCTCKO-JieHHHCKOTO pyKOBOÄ"
CTBa KOMMyHHCTHaecKOH napTHeñ KHTaa Bbinatomaaca pojib npHHaane>XHT HCnbITaHHOMy BOÿKÂIO KOMMyHHCTHHeCKOH napTHH KHTaa TOBapHmy M ao EHe-ayuy.
MapKCHCTCKO-jieHHHCKaa T e o p n a Boopyaauia KHTañcxyio xoMMyHHCTH- TecKyio napTHK) m o ih h h m, nenoóeaHMbiM HaeñHbiM opyacHCM. «M u,— rmcaji Mao U,3e-ayH,— ßnaroaapHbi Mapxcy, SHrenbcy, JleHHHy h CíanHHy, aaB- uíHM HaM opyame. 3toopyjxae — He nyneMëTbi, a MapxcH3M-neHHHH3M».
OnbiT öojibmeBHCTCKOH napTHH, Becb HcropHnecxHH nyTb napTHH JleHHHa — CTajiHHa HBHJiHCb o6pa3uoM ana xoMMyHHCTHnecxoñ napTHH Kn- Taa. «HcTopna B K n ( 6 ) , — nacan M ao U.3e-ayn,— ecrb bh c iiih h cHHTe3, bhc- mee oöoömeHHe xoMMyHHCTHnecxoro aBH>xeHHa bo bccm MHpe 3a nocneaHHe
cto nex, eÄHHCTBeHHbiH bo BcëM MHpe nojiHoneHHbiH oßpaseu. eaHHCTBa TeopHH
h npaKTHKH. Ha npHMepe toto, xax JIchhh h CTanHH cBa3ajiH oßinae^Teope- THMeCKHe HCTHHbl MapKCH3MB C KOHKpeTHOH np3KTHK0H OxTHÖpbCXOH P&BO- JIKOHHH H aa 9T0H OCHOBC pa3BH.TH MapXCH3M, Mbl MO/KCM HayHHTbCH TOMy, Kan HaM cneayeT paôoTaTb y ceóa b Kmae».
UeHTpaabHblH KOMHTeT KOMMyHHCTHHeCKOH napTHH KHTaa non pyKOBoa-
ctbom M ao U,3e-ayHa yMeji b caMWX cjiohíhhx ycjioBHHx HaMeaaTb npaBHjib- Hyio noaHTHnecxyio jihhhio. KoMMyHHCTHaecKaa napraa KHTaa pa3rpoMHjia onnopTyHHCTOB pa3JiHHHbix MacTeii, H3THaaa hs cbohx paaoB xannTynaHTOB, nana coxpymHTeabHbiß oTnop xax ^orMaraxaM , HcxoaamnM h3 aöcTpaxTHbix 4>OpMÿjI H He VHHTblBaiOmHM XOHXpeTHOH OÖCTaHOBXH, Tax H BMnnpHxaM, npe-
HeöperaiomHM nepeaoBOH peBomouHOHHOH TeopneH.
KoMMyHHCTHaecxaa napTHa KHTaa, B03rjiaBjia-eMaa TOBapnmeM Mao U,3e-ÄyHOM, pyKOBoanaa BOopyjxëHHon ôopbôoH xHTaöcxoro Hapoaa npo
THB BOopyjxëHHOH KQHTppeBOjnouHH. B xoae stoh öopböbi napTHa BbixoBajia BeaHxyx) apMHio xHTaßcxoro Hapona, oaep/xaBmyx) èaecTamyro noöeay Haa o6"beaHHeHHbiMH cHaaMH roMHHaaHOBCxoH peaxunH h aMepHxaHO-anraHHCxoro H M nepH aaH S M a.
MapxcHCTCXO-aeHHHCxaa Teopna, npHMenaeMaa b xonxpeTHbix ycaoBHax KHTaa, ca y*H T pyxoBoacTBOM b cTpOHTeabCTBe hoboto rocyaapcTBa — Kh- T3HCK0H HapoaHOH pecnyöaHKH.
Emë B 1926 roay TOBapnux Caanan, pacxpbiBaa xapaxTep xht3hcxoh pe- BoaionHH, c reHHaabHOH nD03opaHB0CTbio onpeaeana, hto «öyaym aa peßo-
jiio u H O H H a 'ii BjracTb b KHTae ô y A e T b oôihëm H a n o M in ia T b n o C B o e M y x a p a K - T e p y T a K y K ) B J ia c T b , o K O T o p o ń y H a c r o B o p a j io c b b 1 9 0 5 m a y , t. e. mto- H H Ô y flb Bpone n e M O K pa T H H e cK O H ÂHKTaTypu npojieTapiiaTa h K p e c îb H H C T B a , c T o il, o f lu a K o , p a 3 H H ii,e ñ , mto sto Ô y A e T B ^ a e T b a H T H H M H e p H a jiH C T H M e c K a H .n o npeHMymecTBy.
9to ôyae-T BJiacTb nepexoAHan k HeKasHTajuicTHMecKOMy hjih, TOMHee, K COHHajIHCTHMeCKOMy pa3BKTH10 KHTaH».
riojiojKeHH e TOBapHina CTajiHHa o xapaKTepe peBOjnoiiHOHHOH bjiscth b KHTae uejiHKOM h nojm ocTbio noHTBep/iHJiocb. ycTaHOBjieHHaa b pe3yjibTaTe paarpoMa aHTHHapoAHoro na HKaimjHCTCKoro penoiMa rocyaapcTBeHHan BJiacTb npeacTaBjiaeT coôoh AHKTaiypy napoAHOH AeMOKpaiHH, ochoboh KOTopoft HBJineTCH C0103 paôonero KJiacca h KpecrbHHCTBa.
OómaH nporpaMMa HapoAHO-nojiHTHnecKoro KoncyjibTaTHBHoro coBeTa KHTaa niacHT: «ÜHKTaTypa napoAHoii AeMOKpaTHii b KHTae hbjihctçh ro c y - jiapcTBeHHOH BjiacTbio H apoA H oro AeMOKpaTiinecKoro enHHoro cfipoHTa paôo
Mero KJiacca, KpecTbHH, MejiKoîi ôyp)i<ya3HH, HaiiHOHajibHOH ôypx<ya3HH h npo- MHX naTpHOTHMeCKHX HeMOKpaTHMeCKHX 3JieMeHT0B, OCHOB3HHOH Ha C0IO 3e paÔOMHX H KpecTbHH H pyKOBOAHMOH pâÔOMHM KJ13CC0M».
JlHKTarypoH HapoAHOÎi AeMOKpaTHH p vko bo ah t paôonHH KJiacc. E ro pyKOBOizcTBo oôecneMHBaeT coananne neoôxoAHMbix npejxnocbijioK a a h rpa- iiy m e ro nepexoAa k CTponTejibCTBy couHajiH3Ma.
ToBapHiu Ct3jihh HeonHOKpaTHO pa3x>HCHHJi pemaiomee 3HaMeHHe rereMO- HHH paÔOMSTO KJiacca B peBOAIOUAIOHHOH ÔOpbÔe B KOJIOHHHX H 33BHCHMbIX cipaHax. B 6ecea.e co CTyneHTaMH yHHBepcHTeTa hmchh CyH Hî-cena, oTBenaii na Bonpoc o t q m, mto 'rpeôyeTca ajih Toro, htoôm oojierMHTb KHTañcKOMy ripojieTapnaiy pojib bo>k a h, pojib rereMOna B 6yp>Kya3HO-AeMOKpaTHHeeKOH peBOJlïOHHH, TOBapHUI Ct3JIHH rOBOpHJi:
« Üjih 3Toro TpeôyeTCH, npewAe Bcero, mtoôm KHTafrcKan KOMnapran npeACTaBjiHjia cnjioMÔHHyio opraHH3amiio paôonero KJiacca co CBoeñ nporpaiw- MOH, co CBoeñ njiaTt}iopMOH, co CBoeñ coSctbchhoh opraHH3auHeñ, co CBoeñ COÔCTBeHHOH JIHHHeñ».
KoMMVHHCTHMeCKaH napTHH KHTaH HeyCT3HH0 ÔOpOJiaCb 3a eAHHblíí flCMO- KpaTHMeCKHH (jipOHT, npOTHB HMIiepHajIH3Ma, H B X0A6 aHTHHHOHCKOH, aHTHHM- riepHajiHCTHMecKOii ôopbôbi cyMejia co3AaTb ero. OHa CTajia npH3HaHHbiM py- KOBOAHTejieM KHTaficKoro HapoAa- 3a BpeMH cyuiecTBOBaHHH HapoAH oii pecnyôjiHKH AHKTaTypa HapoAHoñ AeMOKpaTHH b KiiTae yxpem uiacb, nauHo- HajIbHblH eflHHblH aHTHHMIiepHaJIHCTHMeCKHH <j)pOHT eUJ,ë ÔOJlbHie CHJ10THJ1CH nOA pyKOBOACTBOM KOMMyHHCTHMeCKOH napTHH.
B CBoeñ AeHTejibHOCTH KOMMyHHCTHnecKaH napTHH onnpaeTCH Ha Mac- coBbie opraHH3amiH paôoMHX, KpecrbHH h Bcex TpyAHinuxcH. KHTancKHe npoij)- cô!03b! HacMHTbiBaiOT CBbiuie 5 ,5 MHJiJiHOHa MJieHOB, BceKHTaHCKaH (JieAepa- HHH moaoacjkh — ôojiee 7 mhjijihohob MJienoB (b tom MHCJie CBbirne 3 ,6 m h ji- JIHOHa MJieHOB HoBOAeMOKpaTHMeCKOrO C0103a M0A0Aë>KH), IKeHCKHe C0IO3bI—
ôojiee 31 MHJiJiHOHa mji€ho b, KpecTbHHCKne coio3bi — ôojiee 1 0 0 mhjijihohob MJieHOB, KoonepaTHBbi — okojio 3 0 mhjijihohob mjichob.
KoMMyHHCTHMecKaH napTHH K iiT an, BcerAa npoBOAHBmaH nojiHTHKy paB- HOnpaBHH, ApyjKÔbl H COTpyAHHMeCTBa HapOAOB, BOBJieKJia B eAHHblH A,eMO- KpaTHMeCKHH (jip O H T HailHOHaJIbHbie MeHbUIHHCTBa, COCTaBJIHIOIUHe OKOJIO
’ / 10 HacejieHHH C T p a H b i. flojiHTHKa TecHeñineñ cbh3ii c MaccaMH, nojiHTHKa Ha- poAHoro eAHHCTBa, ripoBOAHMan KOMMyHHCTHMeCKOH riapTHeä, oôecneMHBasT noôeAbi KHTaHCKoro Hapona.
HapoAHan AeMOKpaTHH b KHTae ocyuxecTBAHeT arpapH yio pecbopMy, yirpenAHeT coio3 paôonero KAacca h KpecTbHHCTBa, BOBAeKaeT b aKTHBHyio nOAHTHMeCKyiO >KH3Hb COTHH MHAAHOHOB AIOAeH, npOBOAHT 3K0H0MHMeCK0e BoccTaHOBAeHiie h HHAycTpnaAH3airHio CTpaHbi, BeAëT ôopbôy 3a yirpenAeHHe M pacuiupeHHe ochob oóuiecTBeHHofl coóctbchhocth, noBbiiueHHe >KH3HeHHoro ypoBHH TpyAHinuxcH, nposeAeHiie KyAbTypHoñ peBOAiouHH. HapoAHan AeMO
KpaTHH opraHH3yeT oôopoHy Khtah ot HMnepnaAHCTHMecKOH arpeccHH.
T P H flIIA T H J IE T H E K O M M yH H C T H H E C K O H IIA P T H H K H T A fl 11
B n a ro n a p a yneHino MapKCH3Ma-jieHHHH3Ma npaBHjibno nocTaBJieH pa3- pemeH KOMMyHHCTimecKOH napraeS K m a a BaiKHeHiniiii Bonpoc KHTaiicKOH pcBojiioiiHH -—- a rp a p H b ii Bonpoc. KoMMymicTHnecKaa napTHH BeJia HenpiiMH- PHMyio 6opb6y npoxnB Tex, kto HenooneniiBan 3HaneHHH anTiicjieonaAbHOH PCBOAIOIIHH, KTO He IIOHHMaJl, HTO OIIOpOH HMnepiiaJIłl3Ma B KjiTae HBAHeTCH Kjiacc noMemuKOB, 3aiiHTepecoBaHHbifl b otctbaocth Hapona h cnocoOcTBy-
■OUJ.HH 3aKa6ajieHMio cTpaiibi HMnepHaJiHCTaMH. B xoa,e arpapH ofi pecjiopMbi npOHCXonHT jniKBHuaiiHH noM em nnbero 3eMjieBJianeHHH. K BecHe TeKyinero ron a 3eMejibHaa pecJiopMa 6bijia npoBeaena b pafiOHax c oOluhm HacenemieM B 290 MHAAHOHOB HejIOBeK H3 400 MHAAHOHOB CejIbCKOTO HaOejICHHH. B 3 H a l IH -
TeiibHOH qaeTH cTpaHbi m h a a h o h h 6e33€MejibHbix h MaJioseMejibHhix Kpecib- hh yxe nojiyHHJiH 3eMjiio, oTaópaHiiyio y noMemiiKOB.
TaKHM o6pa30M, arpapnan petjiopMa AHKBHAHpycT ciiCTeMy (JjeonajibHoro seMJieBjianeHiiH, ynpa3AHneT noMemHKOB KaK Kjiacc, bboaht ciiCTeMy Kpe- CTbHHCKOrO 36MJieBJiajieHHH. OHa KOpeHHbIM O0pa3OM HSMeHHeT OOOTHOHieHHe nojiHTHnecKiix. chji b KHTae b nojib3y ACMOKpaTHH, ynpennaeT coio3 paóonero Kjiacc a h TpynoBoro KpecT b hhe tba non, p y koboactbom pafionero Kjiacc a.
ArpapHan pecjiopMa co3AaeT ycnoBHH a a h pa3BHTHH npoH3BOAHTenbHbix chji
CTpaHbi, a a h ee hhnycrp h a jih3 a m m.
ripHBecTH cTpaHy k counajiH3M y ii KOMMyHH3My — KOHennaa uejib k o m- MyHHCTHnecKOH napTHH K m a a . OnnaKO KOMMyHHCTHnecKaa napTHH, ynHTbiBan CBoeo6pa3He oficTanoBKii b CTpane, TOJibKo hto ocBoSoniiBinefica ot kojiohh- ajibHofl 3aBHCHMOCTH, ne CT3BHT nepen cofiofi 3anany HeMeAneHHOii jiHKBiina- Uhh Kanm ajiH3M a: ona ripoBOAHT noJiHTiiKy orpaHHneHHH KanuTaJiHCTiinecKiix 3JieM€HT0B. «Ho-cjie Toro, — TOBopHT M a o H,3e-Ayn, — khk mbi co3nanHM npo- U B e iaioinyio naiiHOHajibHyio SKOiiOMHKy h KyjibT ypy, nocJie tojo, nan co3pe- K)t Bce ycjionHH, h nocne toto, Kax sto óvaćt oaoOpeno Been cTpanoH, m h b cBoeM HeyKJioHHOM a b io k c h h ii Bnepen BCTyniiM b hobvio sp y counaAH3Ma».
KoMMyHHCTHHecKaa napran KiiTan, ornipancb na onbiT CCCP 11 cTpaH HapoAHOH neMOKpaTHH, ycneuiHO npeononeBaeT TpyAHOCTH rocynapcTBeHHoro, XOSHHCTBeHHOrO H KyjIbTypHOTO CTpOHTeJIbCTBa. B HapOAHOM X03H&CTBe Kh- Tan Bce óonee Benymyio poAb nrpaeT rocyAapcTBeRHbifi ceKTop. B pyxax ro- cynapcTBa OnaronapH KontJiHCKaiiHH KanHTana KOMnpanopcKOH 6yp>Kya3HH HaxoAHTCn Bce BaiKHeflnine óaHKH, Bce x<ejie3Hbie Aoporn, B03AyurabiH TpaHC- nopT ii 3HainiTejibHaH nacTb iwopcKoro n aBTOModHJibHoro TpaHcnopTa, a TaK-
>Ke Bce BaiKneSiiiHe npeAnpHUTiia ropHon h thikcjioh npoMbiuiAeHHOCTH, 3Ha- HHTejibHaa nacTb jierKcft npoMbiuiAeHHOCTH u óÓAbiuafl nacTb BHeiHHeft Top- TOBAH. B Hanaae 1950 rona npeAnpHHTUH rocyAapcTBeHHoro ceKTOpa n a n a m o koao 90% Bcero npoH3BOACTBa c tb a h, 78% SAeKTposHeprnH, 70% ao ó h h h
yrAH, 50% nyryHa, 70% MauiHH, 50% tc kcth jih. Co3AaiOTCH rocynapcTBeimbie o6pa3iiOBbie npeAnpiiHTHH b ceAbCKOM xo3aScTBe, ocHameHHbie TpaKTopaMH, KOMÓaHHaMH H ApyrHMH MaUIHHaMH, nOCTynHBIHHMH H3 CoBeTCKOrO Coi03a;
sth o6pa3HOBbie xo3HHCTBa pacnpocTpaHHiOT cpenn KpecTbHH nepenoBbie Me- TOAbl BeACHHH CeAbCKOTO X03HliCTBa.
KHTaftcKaH HapoAnaa pecnyómiKa, onHpaacb Ha OpaTCKyio noMomb Co- BeTCKoro Coio3a, AoOnAacb 3HanHTeAbHbix ycnexoB. BoccTaHaBAHBaeTca npo- MbiuiAeHHOCTb. M norne OTpacAH npoMbiiHAeHi-iocTH BbinoAHHioT h nepeBbmoA- HHIOT np0H3B0ACTBeKHbie nAanbi. B CeBepo-BocTOHHOM K rnae npon3BOACTBO nyryna h ct3AH B03pocAO b 1950 ro n y no cpaBHeHHio c 1949 toaom 6oAee neM b 4 pa3a. BoccTaHOBAeiibi h AeScTByioT hohth Bce >KeAe3Hbie nopora Ma- TepnKOBOH nacTH KHTan, ctpohtch HOBbie >KeAe3Hbie Aoporn.
H a ocHOBe pocTa npoH3BOAHTeAbHOCTH Tpyna SHanuTeAbHo ynymunnacb łKii3Hb pa6onero KAacca h TpyAamerocH KpecTbHHCTBa KHTaa. Bo3poH<AeHiie CTpaHbi h yAynuieHiie ÓAarococToaHHH TpyAamHXCH npoaBAHCTCH b orpoMHoft Tare napona k KVAbType. Okoao 20 mhaahohob KpecTbHH h Oonee noAyTopa mhaahohob paOoHHX oóynaeTca b 1951 rony b uiKOAax no AHKBHAauHH Herpa- MOTHOCTH. B HeCKOAbKO pa3 BOSpOCAO KOAHHeCTBO I1IKOJI H TeXHHKyMOB.
Oahhm 113 peiuaioiiiHx c})aKTopoB, odecneiHBaramiix no/n>ëM HapoAHoro xo3HHCTBa, HBJiHeTCH umponoe narpnotHnecKoe TpyuöBoe cdpeBHOBaHHe. Kom- MyHHdbi MOÖHJiHsyiOT Macew Ha aajibiieHiuee y-nymnenne p a dora, Ha aocth-
>KeHiie HOBbix ycnexoB b xo3HÎicTBeHHOM h KyjibTypHOM cipoméJibCTBe. Kom- MVHHCTbi — yaapHHKH npoH3BOACTBa, opraiiH3aTopbi KOonepaTHBHoro nBnme-
hhh b aepeBHe. Thchhh kommvhhctob h nepeaoBbix padonnx BbiABHHyTbi Ha pyKOBOUHiuyio padOTy b nanecTBe AnpeicropoB 3aBonoB, HanajibHHKOB nexoB, HaMaJTbHHKOB >KeJie3H0A0p0>KHb!X CTaHUHH, ÍUipCKTOpOB rOCyaapCTBeHHblX cejibCKHx X03HHCTB, padoTHHKOB rocynapcTBeHHoro annapaia. B pe3yabTäTe iHHpoKoro BbiuBHJKeHiiH phaobhx padoanx h KpecibHH Ha pyKOBOAHinyio pa- doTy emë doAbine onpenjia CBH3b napTHH c MaccaMH.
KOMMyHHCTHHeCKaH napTHH KHTaH, pyKOBOaCTByHCb JieHHHCKO-CTaJIHH- CKHM yneHHeM o napran, HBJiaeTca ncwiHHHbiM aBaHrapixoM padonero KJiacca, ero doeBbiM imadoM. OHa ynopHO h HacTOHHHBO OBJiaaeBaJia h OBJiaaeBaeT dOJIbUieBHCTCKHM CTHJieM padOTbl, yHHJiaCb H yHHTCH BbipadaTbIBaTb JI03yHrH Ha ocHOBe TinaiejibH oro anajiH3a KOHKpeTHbix BiiyTpeHHiix h MOKAyHapoAHbix ycJioBHH, npoBepaeT cboh jio3yH ni b orHe dopbdbi.
HcTopHH KOMRiyHHCTHHecKOH napTHH KHTaa — 3T0 Hcropna npeBpaine-
hhh eë b MaocoByro naprnio. B 1921 rony, k 1 Cbe3Ay napTHH, b Hen coctoh- jio Menee 50 nejioBeK, b 1924 roay, k IV cbe3Ay, eë HiiaieHHocTb B03pocjia Ao thchhh nejioBeK. B 1937 roAy, k nanajiy aHTHanoHCKon bo hhh, OHa Ha- CHHTbiBajia OKOJio 40 TbicHH HJieHOB. PyKOBo/iH dopbdon HapOAHbIX Mace npo- THB anoHCKoro HMnepiiajiH3Ma, KOMnapraa b 1945 roAy, k V I I cT>e3ay, aoBejia HHCJieHHOCTb CBOHX pHflOB AO 1 200 TbICHH HeJIOBCK. 3a nepHOfl dopbdbi npOTHB arpeccHH aMeprnoHCRoro iiMnepHajiH3Ma h roMHHAaHOBCKon peaKUHH KOMMy- HHCTHHecKaa napraa KnTaa Bbipocjia emë dojibine; bcchoh 1951 roAa ancJieH- HoCTb eë panoB A ocraraa 5,8 MHJiJinoHa ne-noBen.
B BejiHKOH ocBodoflHTejibHOH dopbde KHTancKoro HapoAa BbiKOBajnicb HcnbiTaHHbie naApbi pyKOBOAHTeJieñ. Boikab HapoAHbix Mace KnTaa Mao Ll,3e-ÄyH npH3biBaeT KHTañcKHx KOMMyHHCTOB cjie^OBaTb yaennio M apnca — 3Hrejibca — JleHHHa — CTajiHHa, Béera decnomaAHyio dopbdy c yKJioHaMH, KpenHTb apym dy c BejiHKHM cobctckhm HapoAOM. M ao U,3e-AyH nncaji:
«...ToJIbKO npH H3JIHHHH JIHHHH CTaJIHHCKOXO pyKOBOACTBa, TOJIbKO npH HajlH- HHH nOMOmH CTaJTHHa MOÍKHO H3daBHTbCH OT ÖeACTBHH, HOIblTbiBaeMblX aejio- BeaecTBOM... KnTancKnn HapoÄ niiTaeT caMbie HCKpeHHHe jnodoBb h yBanieHne
k CTaJiHHy h flpymdy k CoBeTCKOMy Coi03y. HnnaKaa npoBOKamia pacKOJia, jioiKb h KjieBeTa He HapymaT 3Ty Apymdy h JnodoBb».
KHTañcKaa KOMMyHHCTnnecKaa napraa HeycTaHHo BocnnraiBaeT cboii
Kaapbi b Ayxe kphthkh h caMonpiiTHKH, b Ayxe >Kejie3HOH npoJieTapcKon ahc- iiHnjiHHH. ToBapnm M ao Lbe-AyH roBopHT: «...Bca napTHH, zuia Toro, hto- dbi npeojiojieTb dioponparasM h aBTopHTapii3M h yupenHTb cbh3h Memuy nap- THeñ h HaponoM, ÄoaniHa b xoAe ocymecTBJieHHH pa3JTHHHbix 3aAan, a He b
OTpbiBe ot HHx npoBecTH b mHpoKOM MacmTade HaeoaorHHecKoe nepeBocnn- Tanne nyîëM H3yaeHHa pana TpyaoB, od3opa CBoeií padoTbi, aHaJiH3a odcia- HOBKH, pa3BëpTbIBaHHH KpHTHKH H CaMOKpilTHKH H T. A-, AAH TOTO, HTOdbl nO- BblCHTb HAeOJlOrHieCKHH H nOAHTHHeCKHH ypOBeHb HapTHHHOTO 3KTHBa H BCeX HAeHOB napTHH, HcnpaBHTb omndKH b padoTe, dopoTbca c 3a3HañcTBOM n caMoycnoKoenHocTbio Tex, kto mhht ceda repoaMH».
XíajibHenmee oBAaAeHne MapKCHCTCKO-AeHHHCKon Teopnen KHTañcKHe KOMMyHHCTbi cHHTaiOT CBoeií BaJKHeHtuen 3aAaneH, BbinoAHeHne KOTopon ode- cneHHBaeT npaBHAbHOCTb pyKOBOACTBa MaccaMn, TecHyio CBH3b c HapoAOM, noATiÖM peBOAion.npHHoñ dAHTeAbHOCTH, BepnocTb npHHirnnaM npoACTapcKoro HHTepHaUHOHaAH3Ma.
B padoTe «O AHieraType HapoAHon AeMonparan» M ao U,3e AyH roBopnT:
«Mbi noAyHHAH AparoneuHbin onbiT, n ochobhum b stom onbiTe HBAHiOTca CAeAyromne Tpn cJjaKTOpa:
n a p ra a , odaaA aiom an AncunnAHHon, BOOpymeHuaa Teopnen M apxca, S m ejibca, JleiiHHa h C ia a n n a , HcnoAb3yiomaa mctoa c3mokphthkh h TecHO
T P H A U A T H A E T H E K O M M V H H C T H H E C K O H IIA P T H H K H TA H 13
CBH33HHaa C MaCCaMH", apMHH, pyKOBOAHMaa 3T0H IiapTHeH; ea'THbm (JjpOHT pa3AHHHbIX peBOJIIOIlHOHHblX CAOeB odüieCTBa H rpynn, pyKOBOAHMblX 3TOH napraeM,.. H a iu onbiT MomeT dbiTb cyMMHpoBaH cJienyionxHM o6pa30M: ah k- TaTypa HapoAHOH neMOKpaTHH, ocHOBaHHaa Ha coio3e pa6onHX h KpecTbHH, pyKOBo/iHMaH padoHHM KJiaccoM (nepe3 KOMMyHHCTHiecKyio napTtno). 3 ia
«HKTaTypa AOAxma SbiTb corjiacoBaHa c MemAyHapoAHbiMii peBOAiOHHOHHbi-
mh cmiaMH. 3to Hauia (JiopMyjia, Haui rjiaBHbiñ onbiT, Haiua rnaBHaa npo- rpaMMa».
rio c jie BejiHKoñ OKTaópbCKOH couHajiHCTHHecKoñ péBOJiiouHH nooeAa HapoflHO-ocBo6oflHTejibHoro ABHmeHHa b KnTae HBHJiacb hobhm CHAbHeifrHHM yAapoM no Bceñ cHCTeMe MHpoBoro HMnepH3AH3Ma h no BceM ruiaHaM ^HMne- puajiHCTunecKon arpeccnii. ToBapniu CTajiHH yKasbiBaji, hto KamAbiH mai no nyTH k ocBodomAeHHio TaKoñ KpynHoñ CTpaHbi KOJioHuajibHoro Mupa, Kan KHTañ, «HBJiHeTca yAapoM napoBoro moaot3 no HMnepnaAH3My».
OnbiT KHT3HCKOH peBOAiOHHH HMeeT HeoneHHMoe 3HaneHHe ajih HapoAOB KOAOHnaAbHbix cTpaH, dopiomnxcH 3a cboio cBodoAy n nesaBHCHMOCTb. Hapo- Abl A3HH, B0 3rA3BAHeMbie BeAHKOH KHTañCKOH H3p0AH0H ACMORpaTHCH, BeAyT 6opb6y 3a cBoé ocBodojKAenne ot nra HMnepnaJiH3Ma.
Co3A3HHe KnTancKOH HapoAHon pecnydJiHKH eme óoAee yKpen.HAO chah
aHTHHMnepnaAHCTHnecKoro, AeMORpanmecKoro Aarepa. npoHHbifl aHTHHMne- pHaAHCTHH&CKHH C0IO3 M-e>KAy COBeTCKHM H KHTanCKHM HapOAaMH, Me>KAy AByMH caMbiMü KpyriHbiMH roeyAapctBaMH Ha 3eMHOM mape, npeepaTHA Aarepb Mapa, AeMORparan n con.naAH3Ma b BeAHHanmyio cnay.
flo ro B o p o Apy>n6e, coio3e n B3anMHon noMomn MemAy CoBeTCKHM Co- I0 3 0M h KnTancKOH HapOAHOH pecnyÓAHKOH, naBeKH yKpenHBiHHH Apymdy ABVX BeAHKIIX HapOAOB, CT3A B3>KHbIM (paKTOpOM B 6opb6e 3a MHp, npOTHB noA>KHraTeAeH hoboh bo hhh.
yrp03a MnpnoMy TpyAy KHTancKoro HapoAa, co3AaHHaa KpoBaBon arpec- cnen aMepHKaHCKnx HMnepHaAHCTOB b Kopee n npoBOKaiXHOHHHMH AencTBiia-
mh HMnepnaAHCTnnecKHX noAa<nraTeAen bo hhh, nodyAHJia thchhh KHTañcKHx AOÓpOBOAbHeB C OpyJKHeM B pyK3X BCT3Tb H3 3amHTy 3aB06BaHHH KHT3HCK0H
peBOAionHH, Ha saiimTy Mapa.
KHTaHCKHH HapoA 6e33aBeTHO SopeTca 3a MHp. I Ioa OdpameHneM Bce- MHpHoro coBeTa Milpa o 3aKAK>neHHH IlaKTa M apa MemAy naTbio bcahkhmh
AepmaBaMH noAnucaAHCb 6oAee 250 mhjijihohob rpajKAan Kht3hckoh napoA-
hoh pecnydAHKH. KHTañ eran nponHOH h Moryaen KpenocTbio MOKAyHapoA- Horo aarepa MHp a h AeMORparan.
C BeÁHKHMH nodeAaMH npnxoAHT reponaecRaa KOMMyHHCTHHecKaa nap- Tna Kn-raa k cBoeñ TpnAUaTOH roAOBmiiHe. KHTaHCXHe KOMMyHHCTbi bhcoro
AepmaT 3HaMa npoAeTapcKoro HHTepHauH0HaAH3Ma, paccMaTpiiBaa Aeao ocbo- óojKAeHna K n ia a , ero noAHTHHecKoro *yí SKOHOMHnecKoro pa3BHTHa k sk
HeoT"beMAeMyio nacTb odmeñ óopbdbi Bcex HapoAOB npOTHB HMnepHaAH3Ma, 33 MHp, AeMOKpaTHÍO H C0HH3AH3M.
CoBeiCKHe AIOAH OT Bceñ Ayuin menaiOT KHTaHCKOMy HapoAy h ero KOMMyHHcnmecKOH napTHH hobhx ycnexoB b cxpomeAbCTBe cbo&oahoh, npouBeiaiomeH HapOAHOH pecnyÓAHKH.
