Od upadku Muru Berlińskiego do pierwszego Pawilonu
Romskiego na weneckim Biennale – od świata Ágnes Daróczi do świata
Daniela Bakera
S
NąGSU]\FKRG]ąÄQRZLURPVF\DUW\ĞFL´",GODF]HJRWHUD]"*G\SRUD]SLHUZV]\VSRWNDáHPZLHONąDQJLHOVNąDUW\VWNĊURPVNą'HODLQH/H%DV
ZODWDFK;;ZPyZLáDPLĪHF]XMHVLĊZLQQDSRQLHZDĪQLH]URELáD
Z\VWDUF]DMąFRGXĪRGODVZRMHJROXGX=DZV]HRGSRZLDGDáHPĪH5RPRZLH
SRWU]HEXMąSUDZG]LZ\FKDUW\VWyZLSURIHVMRQDOLVWyZZHZV]\VWNLFKG]LH- G]LQDFKDMXĪZWHG\G]LDáDOL&\JDQLHNWyU\FKJáyZQąVSHFMDOL]DFMąE\áR
SRPDJDQLHLQQ\P2GÄQRZDURPVNDV]WXND´]DMĊáDFHQWUDOQHPLHM- VFHZHXURSHMVNLHMSROLW\FHURPVNLHM&RWDV]WXNDPRĪHXF]\QLüGODOXG]L"
,ZMDNLPVHQVLHMHĞOLZRJyOHWDQRZDV]WXNDPyZLQDPRZVSyáF]HVQ\P
GRĞZLDGF]HQLX&\JDQyZ5RPyZ:ĊGURZFyZ"7ZLHUG]ĊĪHPRĪHRQDWR
XF]\QLüW\ONRZWHG\MHĞOLQLHWREĊG]LHMHMZáDĞFLZ\PFHOHP
:V]\VWNLH WHNVW\ REUD]\ L PX]\ND ]ZLą]DQH ] 5RPDPL1 SRZVWDáH
Z;,;ZLZLĊNV]RĞüW\FKSRZVWDá\FKZ;;ZVąDXWRUVWZDJDG]LyZQLH-
1.LPVą5RPRZLH&\JDQLH:ĊGURZF\",GODF]HJRRQWRORJLF]QDLHSLVWHPRORJLF]QD
QLHSHZQRĞüSU]HQLNDMąFDWRĪVDPRĞFLW\FKJUXSSURZDG]LGRWDNLFKG]LZDF]Q\FKWU]\F]Ċ- ĞFLRZ\FKHW\NLHWNWyUHPDMąVWDQRZLüNRPSURPLVPLĊG]\NU\W\NRZDQ\PLSRMHG\QF]\PL
RNUHĞOHQLDPL".ODV\F]QDV\QWH]DKLVWRU\F]QDSU]HGVWDZLRQDSU]H]$QJXVD)UDVHUDidem
Dzieje Cyganów:DUV]DZDVXJHUXMHĪHPDP\GRF]\QLHQLD]SRSXODFMąSRFKRG]H- QLDLQG\MVNLHJRNWyUDSRF]ąZV]\RG,;ZUXV]\áDZNLHUXQNX(XURS\SU]\QRV]ąF]HVREą
LQG\MVNLMĊ]\N=ELRURZRĞüWDXOHJáDIUDJPHQWDFMLZZ\QLNXSU]HĞODGRZDĔZ;9±;9,Z
ZUH]XOWDFLHF]HJRVWDQRZLąMąREHFQLHJUXS\UyĪQHMZLHONRĞFLIXQNFMRQXMąFHZUDPDFK
NXOWXUUR]PDLW\FKNUDMyZHXURSHMVNLFK7DPJG]LHSRSXODFMDURPVNDE\áDEDUG]RPDáD]R- VWDáDDOERZFKáRQLĊWDSU]H]ORNDOQąPQLHMV]RĞü]DMPXMąFąVLĊÄKDQGORZ\PQRPDG\]PHP´
5RPyZNWyU]\SU]HGVWDZLDOLURPVNąV]WXNĊMDNRV]WXNĊOXGRZą'RSLHUR
Z;;ZSRMDZLDMąVLĊURPVF\WZyUF\±SLVDU]HLDUW\ĞFL±NWyU\FKUHSUH- ]HQWDFMHURPVNLHJRĪ\FLDE\á\MHGQDNF]ĊVWRNU\W\NRZDQHSU]H]JDG]LyZ
MDNRQLHUHSUH]HQWDW\ZQH´3UDFHZVSyáF]HVQ\FKURPVNLFKLQWHOHNWXDOLVWyZ
LDUW\VWyZVąF]ĊVWRNU\W\NRZDQHZRGQLHVLHQLXGRF]HJRĞRFKDUDNWHU]H
]ELRURZ\P WUDG\F\MQ\P L SRZWDU]DOQ\P QD]\ZDQHJR ÄIRONORUHP´ OXE
ÄV]WXNąQDLZQą´MDNJG\E\ZV]\VWNLHPXFRMHVWZ\WZDU]DQHSR]DWUDG\FMą
PXVLDáRNRQLHF]QLHEUDNRZDüDXWHQW\F]QRĞFL
%\üPRĪHQDMZDĪQLHMV]ąRVREą]QDMGXMąFąVLĊZ]ZURWQ\PSXQNFLH
PLĊG]\IRONORU\VW\F]QąSU]HV]áRĞFLąDZVSyáF]HVQDURPVNąV]WXNąSUH]HQ- WRZDQąZUZ3DZLORQLH5RPVNLPSRGF]DVZHQHFNLHJR%LHQQDOHMHVW
GUÈJQHV'DUyF]L]%XGDSHV]WX3RVWXGLDFKSUDFXMąFZZĊJLHUVNLP0LQL- VWHUVWZLH.XOWXU\MDNRPáRGD5RPNDE\áD]PXV]RQD]DMPRZDüVLĊUDF]HM
NXOWXUąQLĪSROLW\NąLZ]ZLą]NX]R¿FMDOQąU]ąGRZąSROLW\NąDV\PLODFML
RUJDQL]RZDáDZ\VWDZ\WDNMDNE\ZV]HONDURPVNDV]WXNDE\áD]GH¿QLFML
ÄQDLZQD´'RSLHURSRUPRJáDMąQD]\ZDüSRSURVWXÄV]WXNą´/HF]
ZSU]\JRWRZ\ZDQ\FKSU]H]QLąZ\VWDZDFKQDZHWSRXSDGNXNRPXQL]PX
URPVNDV]WXNDE\áDSRSURVWXV]WXNąNWyUHMSU]HGPLRWHPE\OL5RPRZLH
OXE Ä:ĊGURZFyZ´ DOER WHĪ QLH ]GRáDáD MHM ]DVWąSLü 1LHNWyUH JUXS\ WDNLH MDN DQJLHOVF\
&\JDQLH±Romanichale]DFKRZXMą]DUyZQRWRĪVDPRĞüURPVNąMDNL:ĊGURZFyZ6áRZR
Ä&\JDQ´GypsyMHVWWUDNWRZDQHMDNRUH]XOWDWQLHZLHG]\(XURSHMF]\NyZRSRFKRG]HQLX
5RPyZLWROHURZDQHOXEDNFHSWRZDQHSU]H]W\FKRVWDWQLFK6\QWH]DWD]RVWDáDSRGZDĪRQD
]DUyZQRSU]H]PyZLąFHSRURPVNXJUXS\NWyUHQLHRNUHĞODMąVLĊMDNR5RPRZLHWDNLHMDN
QLHPLHFF\6LQWLLSU]H]XF]RQ\FKRRULHQWDFMLUDG\NDOQLHNRQVWUXNW\ZLVW\F]QHMWDNLFKMDN
:LP:LOOHPVidemIn Search of the True Gypsy: From Enlightenment to Final Solution
/RQGRQZHGáXJNWyUHJRV\QWH]DWDVWDQRZLLGHRORJLĊVWZRU]RQąQDED]LHSUDF\+H- LQULFKD*UHOOPDQQDidemHistorischer Versuch über die Zigeuner betreffend die Lebensart und Verfassung, Sitten und Schicksale dieses Volks seit seiner Erscheinung in Europa, und dessen UrsprungZ\G*|WWLQJHQZFHOXSU]HGVWDZLHQLDUR]PDLW\FKJUXS]PDU- JLQDOL]RZDQ\FKMDNRMHGQHMUDV\WDNDE\GDáRVLĊMHZSLVDüZUDP\SROLW\NLQRZHJRSDĔ- VWZD7RSRGHMĞFLHMHVW]NROHLNU\W\NRZDQH]DUyZQRSU]H]NRQVHUZDW\ZQ\FKOLQJZLVWyZ
SRGNUHĞODMąF\FK]DVDGQLF]ąUROĊMĊ]\NDURPVNLHJRMDNLSU]H]PQLHMUDG\NDOQHIRUP\UH- ZL]MRQL]PXKLVWRU\F]QHJRSURSRQRZDQHSU]H],DQD+DQFRFNDidemOn Romani Origins and Identity: Questions for Discussion>Z@$GULDQ0DUVKL(OLQ6WUDQGUHGGypsies and the Problem of Identities – Contextual, Constructed and Contested /RQGRQRUD]
$GULDQD0DUVKDL(OLQ6WUDQGMZZHGáXJNWyU\FKUG]HĔXĪ\WNRZQLNyZMĊ]\NDURPVNLHJR
VWDQRZLOLSRWRPNRZLHZLHORNXOWXURZHMGRZRG]RQHMSU]H]+LQGXVyZPLOLFMLVWZRU]RQHM
Z;,ZSU]H]*KD]QDZLGyZNWyU]\SRGRWDUFLXGR$QDWROLLLQD%DáNDQ\ZSLVDOLVLĊZVWH- UHRW\S &\JDQyZ Z\WZRU]RQ\ Z %L]DQFMXP Z ]ZLą]NX ] ZF]HĞQLHMV]\PL LPLJUDQWDPL
],QGLL'RPDPL=áRĪRQRĞü]PLHQQRĞüL]UyĪQLFRZDQLHSHUVSHNW\ZVąSU]HWRRGVDPHJR
SRF]ąWNXLPPDQHQWQąF]ĊĞFLąDXWRGH¿QLFML5RPyZ&\JDQyZ:ĊGURZFyZLNDĪGHXSURV]- F]HQLHWHMV\WXDFMLSURZDG]LQDPDQRZFH
ÈJQHV'DUyF]LAutodidakta Cigány Képzömüvészek II. Országos Kiállítása %XGD- SHVW
MDNR ]QDMGXMąFD VLĊ QD PDUJLQHVLH PQLHMV]RĞü 1DJOH Z SU]HFLąJX RVWDW- QLFKF]WHUHFKODWV]WXNDURPVND]DF]ĊáDPyZLüRĞZLHFLHZRJyOH0DRQD
ZVRELHSRWHQFMDáDE\VWDüVLĊÄNODV\F]Q\P´ZNáDGHPZNXOWXUĊĞZLDWRZą
WDNLPMDN3DUWHQRQFKRUDáJUHJRULDĔVNLQLHPLHFF\URPDQW\F\F]\EUą]\
]%HQLQX,FKRGG]LDá\ZDQLHQLHMHVWFDáNRZLFLHXQLZHUVDOQHQLH]DZV]HWHĪ
NODV\ND]DZV]HSR]RVWDMHNODV\NąDNDĪG\WZRU]\VZRMąZáDVQąOLVWĊRELHN- WyZX]QDQ\FK]DNODV\F]QHUyĪQąRGLQQ\FK$OHQLHNWyUHG]LHáDV]WXNLRG- G]LDáXMąQLHW\ONRZNRQWHNĞFLHZNWyU\P]RVWDá\VWZRU]RQHOHF]ZMDNLĞ
VSRVyE]SRZRG]HQLHPZ\MDĞQLDMąQDUUDFMĊRLFKWZyUFDFKOXG]LRP]LQQ\FK
NXOWXULLQQHJRF]DVX
-HĞOLFKFHP\]UR]XPLHüMDNWRVLĊG]LHMHZMDNLVSRVyEQLHNWyUHZ\- WZRU\DUW\VW\F]QHMDNRV\VWHP\SRZLą]DQ\FK]HVREąV\PEROL]QDF]ąF\FK
SU]\FLąJDMąZLĊFHMXZDJLQLĪLQQHZyZF]DVPXVLP\Z]LąüSRGXZDJĊMHG- QRF]HĞQLHDKLVWRULĊUR]ZRMXNDĪGHJRV\VWHPXV\PEROLF]QHJRLEVSR- áHF]Q\NRQWHNVWZMDNLPV\VWHPWHQMHVWREHFQLHXĪ\ZDQ\
5R]ZDĪDQLDRURPVNLHMV]WXFHZL]XDOQHMVąRZLHOHPQLHM]DDZDQVRZD- QHQLĪWHGRW\F]ąFHURPVNLHMPX]\NLNWyUDE\áDSU]HGPLRWHPUHÀHNVML(X- URSHMF]\NyZRGF]DVyZ/LV]WD3OXEURPVNLHMOLWHUDWXU\NWyUD±DF]NROZLHN
U]DG]LHMG\VNXWRZDQDQLĪPX]\ND±]DF]ĊáDZRVWDWQLFKODWDFKSU]\FLą- JDüXZDJĊNU\W\NyZ40DPQDG]LHMĊĪHNUyWNL]DU\VGHNRQVWUXNFMLHXURSHM- VNLFKDQDOL]PX]\NLURPVNLHMMDNRRG]ZLHUFLHGOHQLDSU\PRUGLDOQHMHVHQFML
HWQLF]QHMLSURFHVX]DVWĊSRZDQLDLFKSU]H]NU\W\F]Q\PRGHOVSRáHF]Q\NWy- U\ZLąĪHWZyUF]RĞüPX]\F]Qą]IXQNFMDPLVSRáHF]Q\PLPRĪHGRVWDUF]\ü
Z]RUXGODLQWHUSUHWDFMLUR]NZLWDMąF\FKRVWDWQLRV]WXNZL]XDOQ\FKXSUDZLD- Q\FKSU]H]5RPyZ&\JDQyZ:ĊGURZFyZ
,VWQLHMąWU]\]DVDGQLF]HNRQWHNVW\XWZRUXPX]\F]QHJRGRPRZ\NR- PHUF\MQ\LUHOLJLMQ\:V]\VWNLHLVWRW\OXG]NLHPDMDZVZRLFKGRPDFKMDNąĞ
PX]\NĊJG\SRJZL]GXMHP\SU]\SUDF\OXEQXFLP\VRELHELRUąFSU\V]QLF
XSUDZLDP\PX]\NĊGRPRZą:LĊNV]RĞüOXG]LG]LHOLWĊPX]\NĊ]HVZRLPL
URG]LQDPLNRá\VDQNDMHVWSLHUZRWQ\PGRĞZLDGF]HQLHPNXOWXURZ\P=GD- MHP\VRELHVSUDZĊĪHQLHNWyU]\]QDVZ\NRQXMąPX]\NĊOHSLHMQLĪLQQLMH- VWHĞP\QDZHWJRWRZLSáDFLüLP]DWRĪHPRĪHP\LFKVáXFKDüLZWHQVSRVyE
QDURG]LáDVLĊPX]\NDSURIHVMRQDOQD0X]\NDGRPRZDLSURIHVMRQDOQDSR]R- VWDMąZFLąJáHMLQWHUDNFMLWRFRVRELHSRJZL]GXMHP\ZWUDNFLH]P\ZDQLDQD- F]\ĔF]ĊVWRMHVWXWZRUHPNWyU\ZáDĞQLHVá\V]HOLĞP\ZUDGLX3URIHVMRQDOQL
NRPSR]\WRU]\]NROHL]QDQLVą]HNVSORURZDQLDPX]\NLOXGRZHMZSRV]XNL- ZDQLXLQVSLUDFML-HGQDNRSUyF]W\FKGZyFKPRW\ZDFML±]DGRZROHQLDVLHELH
3*DERU%RURVGypsy Music: The Musician Rroma (Romungre) of Hungary and the
„Onslaught” of the Second Reform *UHHQZLFK
45DMNR'MXULFDie Literatur der Roma und Sinti(GLWLRQ3DUDEROLV%HUOLQ
L]DGRZROHQLDLQQ\FK±LVWQLHMHWHĪWU]HFLDNWyUąMHVW]DGRZROHQLH%RJDOXE
WHĪMHĞOLZąWSLP\ZMHJRMHMLVWQLHQLHVáXĪHQLHMDNLHMĞWUDQVFHQGHQWQHM]DVD- G]LH0RW\ZDFMDWDSURZDG]LGRV\QNUHW\F]Q\FK]ZLą]NyZL]DVNDNXMąF\FK
LQQRZDFMLNWyUHPRĪHP\REVHUZRZDüJG\URPVF\PX]\F\Z\ZRG]ąF\VLĊ
]UyĪQ\FKWUDG\FMLJUDMą]HVREąSRGF]DVZLHONLFKPLĊG]\QDURGRZ\FKNRQ- JUHVyZ]LHORQRĞZLąWNRZFyZDE\Z\WZRU]\üDWPRVIHUĊVSRWNDQLDF]áRZLH- ND]ERVNRĞFLąNWyUDE\ZDWDNVDPRZFLąJDMąFDMDNFKRUDáJUHJRULDĔVNLF]\
Msza czasu wojny+D\GQD
0RĪQDZ\UyĪQLüWU]\ZLHONLHREV]DU\SRZLą]DQ\FK]HVREąJHRJUD-
¿F]QLHWUDG\FMLURPVNLHMPX]\NL%OLVNRZVFKRGQLDLEDáNDĔVNDPX]\ND
5RPyZ L 'RPyZ 2EV]DU SyáQRFQ\ REHMPXMąF\ ZĊJLHUVNą ÄPX]\NĊ
F\JDĔVNą´URV\MVNąÄPX]\NĊF\JDĔVNą´LÄMD]]0DQXV]yZ´)ODPHQFR
]DUyZQRZZHUVMLNODV\F]QHMMDNSRSRZHM
:V]\VWNLH RQH RG]ZLHUFLHGODMą FLąJáą WUDG\FMĊ SURIHVMRQDOQHJR PX- ]\NRZDQLDSU]HND]\ZDQHJR]SRNROHQLDQDSRNROHQLH]D]Z\F]DM]RMFD
QDV\QDOXEEUDWDQNDDOHWHĪF]DVHP]PDWNLQDFyUNĊSU]H]NLONDVWXOH- FL5RPVF\PX]\F\XĪ\ZDMą]D]Z\F]DMSRGREQ\FKLQVWUXPHQWyZGRW\FK
NWyUHVąXĪ\ZDQHSU]H]PLHMVFRZ\FKQLHF\JDĔVNLFKDUW\VWyZDF]NROZLHN
5RPRP]GDU]DVLĊSRVáXJLZDüQLPLUyZQLHĪZWHG\JG\Z\V]á\RQH]SR- ZV]HFKQHJRXĪ\FLD0XV]ąWHĪ]QDOHĨüQLHF\JDĔVNąSXEOLF]QRĞüNWyUDE\- áDE\VNáRQQDLPSáDFLü
7\ONRGZDRVWDWQLH]Z\PLHQLRQ\FKREV]DUyZVSRWNDá\VLĊ]]DLQWHUH- VRZDQLHPHXURSHMVNLFKPHORPDQyZZNODV\F]Q\PRNUHVLHVWXGLyZURPR- ORJLF]Q\FKZ;,;LSRF]ąWNDFK;;ZDZ\MDĞQLHQLDUDG\NDOQ\FKUyĪQLF
PLĊG]\QLPLRGZRá\ZDá\VLĊGRJXVWyZORNDOQHMQLHF\JDĔVNLHMSXEOLF]QR- ĞFL:;;ZWDSURIHVMRQDOQDURPVNDPX]\ND]RVWDáDSU]HGVWDZLRQDZQH- JDW\ZQ\PĞZLHWOHZSRUyZQDQLX]QLHLQVWUXPHQWDOQ\PLSLHĞQLDPLOXGRZ\- PLXERJLFKLPLJUDQWyZ]JUXS\VlachNWyU]\RSXĞFLOL5XPXQLĊJG\]QLH- VLRQRWDPQLHZROQLFWZR5RPyZ>ZGUXJLHMSRáRZLH;,;Z±SU]\SWáXP@
7UDG\F\MQHVWXGLDURPRORJLF]QHDĪGRSUDF\.DWDOLQ.RYDOFVLNXZDĪDá\WH
RVWDWQLH]DNZLQWHVHQFMĊSUDZG]LZHMURPVNLHMPX]\NLEĊGąFHMSU]HFLZLHĔ- VWZHPVNRPHUFMDOL]RZDQ\FKSURGXNFML]DZRGRZ\FKURPVNLFKPX]\NyZ
7DNLSRJOąGMHVW]DVDGQLF]REáĊGQ\LLJQRUXMH]DUyZQRRVLąJQLĊFLDKLVWR- ULLMDNLVRFMRORJLL5RPRZLH]JUXS\VlachQLHUHSUH]HQWXMąRU\JLQDOQHMNXO- WXU\ZĊJLHUVNLFK5RPyZRomungreDZMHV]F]HPQLHMV]\PVWRSQLXKLV]SDĔ-
.WyUHF]ĊVWRVąRNUHĞODQHMDNRÄJ\SV\ORULVP´]DUyZQRSU]H]DXWRUDQLQLHMV]HJRWHN- VWXMDNLSU]H]LQQ\FKG]LDáDMąF\FKZWHMZąVNLHMVSHFMDOQRĞFLZQDZLą]DQLXGRQD]Z\
*\SV\/RUH6RFLHW\]DáRĪRQHJRZUWRZDU]\VWZDQDXNRZHJRNWyUHDXWRUQLQLHM- V]\FKVáyZSU]H]SyáVZRMHJRĪ\FLDNU\W\NRZDá]DQLHFKĊüGRSU]\]QDQLDVLĊGRMHJRUDVL- VWRZVNLHJRG]LHG]LFWZDLNWyUHJRRLURQLRMHVWREHFQLHVHNUHWDU]HP
.DWDOLQ.RYDOFVLNVlach Gypsy Folk Songs in Slovakia %XGDSHVW
VNLFKGitanos.XOWXURZHWUDMHNWRULHW\FKJUXSUR]G]LHOLá\VLĊSU]HGZLHNDPL
7UDG\FMHPX]\F]QH5RPyZ]JUXS\VlachVWDQRZLąORNDOQ\ZDULDQWEOLVNRZ- VFKRGQLHMPX]\NL&HVDUVWZD2WRPDĔVNLHJRLQLHPDMąSXQNWyZVW\F]Q\FK
]SRGOHJDMąF\PLNODV\F]Q\PRGG]LDá\ZDQLRPVW\ODPLZĊJLHUVNLFKRomun- greLURPVNLFKPX]\NyZ]5RVMLDWDNĪHLQQ\FKORNDOQ\FKRGSRZLHGQLNyZ
WDNLFKPX]\F]Q\FKWUDG\FMLE\ZVSRPQLHüW\ONRF\JDĔVNLMD]]0DQXV]yZ
NWyUHJRWUZDáąLQVSLUDFMąMHVWWZyUF]RĞü'MDQJR5HLQKDUGWD
2F]\ZLĞFLH ZV]\VWNLH WH VW\OH XSUDZLDQLD PX]\NL ]QDMGRZDá\ VLĊ
ZFLąJáHMLQWHUDNFML]QLHF\JDĔVNLPRWRF]HQLHP5RPVF\PX]\F\XĪ\ZDOL
W\FKVDP\FKSRZV]HFKQLHGRVWĊSQ\FKLQVWUXPHQWyZDWDNĪHW\FKNWyUH
]DFKRZDOL]LQQ\FKPLHMVFLLQQ\FKF]DVyZ8F]\OLVLĊWHĪPX]\NLNWyUD
SR]ZDODáDLP]DUDELDüQDLFKQLHF\JDĔVNLHMSXEOLF]QRĞFL&]\R]QDF]DWRĪH
QLHPDDXWHQW\F]QHMURPVNLHMF\JDĔVNLHMPX]\NLDW\ONRSHZQHIRUP\GH- JUDGDFMLSLHUZRWQ\FKQDURGRZ\FKVW\OyZPX]\F]Q\FKMDNWZLHUG]LOLQDFMR- QDOLVW\F]QLWHRUHW\F\NXOWXU\Z;,;Z":ĪDGQHMPLHU]H1LHPDF]HJRĞ
WDNLHJRMDNSLHUZRWQDDXWHQW\F]QDPX]\NDQDURGRZD0X]\NDMHVW]]DVD- G\]GROQDGRRGG]LDá\ZDQLDSRQDGJUDQLFDPLQDURGRZ\PLLHWQLF]Q\PL
:V]\VF\WZyUF]\PX]\F\]DSRĪ\F]DMąPRW\Z\LWHFKQLNLVNąGW\ONRVLĊGD
*G\FKFHP\SU]HGVWDZLüV\WXDFMĊZNWyUHMVLĊZáDĞQLH]QDMGXMHP\OXEWH]
QDQLąRGSRZLHG]LHüXĪ\ZDP\NDĪGHJRQDU]ĊG]LDLPRW\ZXNWyUHWHPX
VáXĪ\]DPLDVWNRQW\QXRZDüWUDG\FMĊNWyUHMZąWNL]GH¿QLFMLUHSUH]HQWXMą
UDF]HMSU]HV]áRĞüQLĪWHUDĨQLHMV]RĞü
7D]DVDGDWZyUF]HJRSU]HNV]WDáFHQLDVWRVXMHVLĊWDNGRPX]\NLMDNLGR
OLWHUDWXU\&]\SRWĊSLDP\6]HNVSLUD]DWRĪHZSURZDG]LáGRDQJLHOV]F]\]Q\
VáRZD]DSRĪ\F]RQH]WX]LQDLQQ\FKMĊ]\NyZ]DPLDVWWU]\PDüVLĊDQJORVD- VNLHJRVáRZQLFWZD&KDXFHUD"$OER]DWRĪHVZHIDEXá\WZRU]\áQDSRGVWD- ZLHVWDURĪ\WQ\FKNURQLNLSUDFKLVWRU\NyZ"1LH
6]HNVSLUWRVURNDNWyUD]ELHUDUR]ELWHNDZDáNLOXVWHU]ZV]\VWNLFK]QD- Q\FKVRELHF\ZLOL]DFMLDE\]EXGRZDüEá\V]F]ąF\FROODJHRG]ZLHUFLHGOD- MąF\QDV]ąSRNDZDáNRZDQąLQLHVSyMQąOXG]NąQDWXUĊZWDNLVSRVyENWyU\
]PLHQLDQDV]HGXV]H,ZáDĞQLHWHQQDMEDUG]LHMHNOHNW\F]Q\]SLVDU]\XZD- ĪDQ\MHVW]DQDMEDUG]LHMDQJLHOVNLHJR
2U\JLQDOQRĞüQLHELHU]HVLĊ]QRZRĞFLWHFKQLNLF]\PDWHULDáX2U\JL- QDOQRĞüWRXPLHMĊWQRĞüSRVáXJLZDQLDVLĊGREU]H]QDQ\PLPHWRGDPLLPR- W\ZDPLWDNDE\SRZLHG]LHüFRĞQRZHJRGDüQDPFRĞFRX]QDP\]D]QD-
)UDVHUop. cit
%RURVop. cit
:áąF]QLH]romani
2F]\ZLĞFLH GOD 1LHPFyZ MHVW WR Ä8QVHU 6]HNVSLU´ 1LHSU]\SDGNRZR MHJR G]LHáD
WáXPDF]\VLĊWDNGREU]HLMHVWRQSLHUZV]\PDQJLHOVNLPGUDPDWXUJLHPWáXPDF]RQ\PQD
romani
F]ąFHDF]HJRZF]HĞQLHMQLH]QDOLĞP\0X]\NDRSRZLHĞFLLSLHĞQL5RPyZ
&\JDQyZ:ĊGURZFyZVąRU\JLQDOQHLDXWHQW\F]QHSRQLHZDĪF]\QLąVZ\P
SU]HGPLRWHPLFKĪ\FLHL]DSRPQLDQąSU]H]QLH&\JDQyZKLVWRULĊDQLH
GODWHJR ĪH WU]\PDMą VLĊ F]\VWRĞFL WUDG\FML MDN WR ]DXZDĪ\OL :LOOLH 5HLG
L'RQDOG%UDLG11ZVZRLFKSROHPLNDFK]HV]NRFNLPLIRONORU\VWDPLNWyU]\
FKFLHOL ]UHGXNRZDü NXOWXUĊ V]NRFNLFK :ĊGURZFyZ L SRWUDNWRZDü Mą MDNR
SRGW\SZáDVQHM
: SRQLĪV]HM DQDOL]LH ZVSyáF]HVQHJR URPVNLHJR UXFKX DUW\VW\F]QH- JRQLHURV]F]ĊVRELHSU]HWRSUHWHQVMLGRRU\JLQDOQRĞFL6WDUDPVLĊMHG\QLH
]DVWRVRZDü WHQ URG]DM LQVSLURZDQHM VRFMRORJLą SHUVSHNW\Z\ Z NWyUHM RG
ODWSRGGDZDQRDQDOL]LH]QDF]HQLHURPVNLHMPX]\NLDRGU±URP- VNLHMOLWHUDWXU\$WDNĪHE\üPRĪHFLHV]\üVLĊZáDVQ\PV]F]ĊĞFLHPMDNR
JDG]LRLFDáNRZLW\DPDWRUMHĞOLFKRG]LRHVWHW\NĊV]WXNSODVW\F]Q\FKNWyU\
]QDOD]áVLĊZHZáDĞFLZ\PPLHMVFXLF]DVLHE\REVHUZRZDüMHGHQ]NOXF]R- Z\FKPRPHQWyZWHJRUXFKXLMHJRZL]MLVSRáHF]QHMZ*UHHQZLFKZODWDFK
±
-HĞOLSU]\MU]\P\VLĊV]WXFH5RPyZ&\JDQyZ:ĊGURZFyZ]FDáHM(X- URS\NWyUDZNRĔFXU]RVWDáD]HEUDQDQDZLUWXDOQHMZ\VWDZLHRQOLQH
SU]H]2SHQ6RFLHW\,QVWLWXWHDMHV]F]HEDUG]LHMZ\ERURZLSUDFGR3DZL- ORQX5RPVNLHJRQDZHQHFNLP%LHQQDOHZUZyZF]DVPRĪHP\]R- EDF]\üFRQLHMHVW]DVNRF]HQLHPĪHWRJáyZQHWUDG\FMHHXURSHMVNLFKV]WXN
SODVW\F]Q\FK RVWDWQLFK ODW GRVWDUF]DMą PDWHULDáX VHPLRW\F]QHJR GOD
ZVSyáF]HVQHMV]WXNLURPVNLHMDQLHMDNDĞDUFKDLF]QDV]WXNDOXGRZD]ZLą- ]DQD]QDPLRWRZ\PĪ\FLHPZRGOHJáHMSU]HV]áRĞFL1DSU]\NáDGQHRNODV\- F\]PSRZVWDá\MDNRF]ĊĞüUHQHVDQVXZ;9,ZLHF]QHM(XURSLHZ\ZLHUD
FLąJá\ZSá\ZSRSU]H]VZHXFLHOHĞQLHQLHZWUDG\FMLUHDOL]PXVRFMDOLVW\F]QH- JRNWyU\]GRPLQRZDáE\á\EORNNRPXQLVW\F]Q\LXNV]WDáWRZDáZLHOXDUW\- VWyZ](XURS\:VFKRGQLHM0RGHUQLVW\F]QDUHDNFMD]NRĔFD;,;LSRF]ąWNX
;;ZZ\WZRU]\áDV]HURNąJDPĊJDWXQNyZLVW\OyZNWyUHVą]ELRURZRWUDN- WRZDQHMDNRÄV]WXNDQRZRF]HVQD´WUDNWRZDQDMDNRRSR]\FMDNODV\F\]PX
LZFLąĪRGF]DVXGRF]DVXNU\W\NRZDQDMDNRQLH]UR]XPLDáD]GHJHQHURZDQD
OXERNURSQD±QLHW\ONRSU]H]NRPXQLVWyZLFREDUG]LHM¿OLVW\ĔVNLFKVRFMDO- GHPRNUDWyZOHF]WDNĪHSU]H]IDV]\VWyZLSUDZLFRZ\FKSRSXOLVWyZ
5yĪQLFDPLĊG]\W\PLGZLHPDWUDG\FMDPLXOHJáD]DPD]DQLXRGF]DVX
XSDGNXNRPXQL]PXZ(XURSLHZULZUD]]SRZVWDQLHPZVSyáF]HVQHM
11:LOOLH5HLGScottish Gypsies/Travellers and the Folklorists'RQDOG%UDLGThe con- struction of identity through narrative: folklore and the Travelling people of ScotlandRED
WHNVW\Z7KRPDV$FWRQ*DU\0XQG\UHGRomani culture and Gypsy identity +DW¿HOG
7LPHD -XQJKDXV .DWDOLQ 6]HNHO\ UHG Meet Your Neighbours: Contemporary Roma Art from Europe %XGDSHVW
V]WXNLpublicznejZNWyUHMPRĪQDGRVWU]HFLFKRVWURĪQHSRMHGQDQLH$QWKR- Q\*RUPOH\L7UDFH\(PLQVą]UR]XPLDOLD]DOLF]DMąVLĊGRV]WXNLZ\VRNLHM
:]DMHPQH]ZLą]NLZVFKRGQLRL]DFKRGQLRHXURSHMVNLFKDUW\VWyZQDOHĪą- F\FKGRJUXS5RPyZ&\JDQyZ:ĊGURZFyZPRĪQDWUDNWRZDüMDNRF]ĊĞü
WHJRSURFHVXDWZyUF]HQDSLĊFLDPLĊG]\QLPLMDNRHOHPHQWWUDQVFHQGHQFML
PHWRG\DUW\VW\F]QHMZ]ELRURZ\PSU]HND]LH±SRZVWDMąFHM]ELRURZHMSHU- FHSFMLV\WXDFML5RPyZ&\JDQyZ:ĊGURZFyZZG]LVLHMV]HM(XURSLH
:SUDZG]LHW\ONRF]WHUHFKDUW\VWyZZ\VWDZLáRVZHSUDFHSRGF]DV]RU- JDQL]RZDQHMZUQD8QLYHUVLW\RI*UHHQZLFKZ\VWDZ\Second Site
LOXVWUXMąRQHZLHOH]HZVND]DQ\FKSRZ\ĪHMWHQGHQFML]ZáDV]F]DMHĪHOLFKR- G]L R NRQWUDVW PLĊG]\ ¿JXUDW\ZQ\P UHDOL]PHP MHG\QHJR ZVFKRGQLRHX- URSHMVNLHJR5RPDLPRGHUQL]PHPLQQ\FKDUW\VWyZ:\VWDZDWDSRZVWDáD
Z]ZLą]NX]SODQRZDQ\PQDUORQG\ĔVNLP0LĊG]\QDURGRZ\P&\- JDĔVNLP)HVWLZDOHP)LOPRZ\P132GSRF]ąWNXNOXF]RZąNZHVWLąZSOD- QRZDQLX WHJR IHVWLZDOX E\á SUREOHP MDN GDOHFH UHSUH]HQWDFMH 5RPyZ
&\JDQyZ:ĊGURZFyZVąNRQWURORZDQHSU]H]QLH&\JDQyZQDZHWZWHG\
JG\&\JDQLH]QDMGXMąVLĊ]DNDPHUą=DUyZQRSXEOLF]QRĞüMDNLSU]HP\Vá
¿OPRZ\JHQHUDOQLHXZDĪDMąĪHRLOH¿OPQLHSRVáXJXMHVLĊVWHUHRW\SHP&\- JDQyZQLHMHVWZRJyOHX]QDZDQ\]D¿OPF\JDĔVNL
0DPZUDĪHQLHĪHDUW\ĞFL]DMPXMąF\VLĊV]WXNDPLSODVW\F]Q\PLEĊGą- F\]DUD]HP5RPDPL&\JDQDPL:ĊGURZFDPLQLHVąRJUDQLF]HQLZSRGRE- Q\VSRVyE0RJąRGQRVLüVLĊGRVWHUHRW\SyZ±OHF]QLHPXV]ą:]ZLą]NX
]W\PSRZVWDáDLGHDZ\VWDZ\SUDFX]QDQ\FKDUW\VWyZNWyU]\WDNVLĊVNáD- GDVąUyZQLHĪ5RPDPL&\JDQDPL:ĊGURZFDPLQLHPLDáDWRE\üZ\VWDZD
V]WXNL F\JDĔVNLHM OHF] V]WXNL NWyUD F]\QL VZRLP SU]HGPLRWHP ZV]HONLH
PRĪOLZH]DJDGQLHQLDLQWHUHVXMąFHDUW\VWyZ:\EUDQ\PLDUW\VWDPLE\OLDO- EDĔVNL5RP)HUGLQDQG.RoLGZyFKDQJLHOVNLFK&\JDQyZ±5RPDQLFKD- OyZ'DQLHO%DNHUL'HODLQH/H%DVRUD]LUODQG]NL:ĊGURZLHFPDMąF\WDN- ĪHKXJRQRFNLHNRQHNVMHURG]LQQH'DPLHQ/H%DVNWyU\FKSUDFE\áHPRG
GDZQDDGPLUDWRUHP
.LHG\]DSURVLáHPW\FKDUW\VWyZE\VWZRU]\OLZ\VWDZĊ14QD8QLZHUV\- WHFLH*UHHQZLFK]GHF\GRZDQLHQLHFKFLDáHPDE\E\áDWRZ\VWDZDRVSUD- ZDFK&\JDQyZ5RPyZ:ĊGURZFyZ0LDáDWRE\üZ\VWDZDRZV]\VWNLP
137KRPDV$FWRQ*UDFH$FWRQUHGSecond Site /RQGRQ
143RZLQLHQHPGRGDüĪHZ\VWDZDWDE\áDPRĪOLZDMHG\QLHG]LĊNLDWHFKQLF]QHPX
GRĞZLDGF]HQLX.HOO\2¶5HLOO\ZyZF]DVNXUDWRUNL6WHSKHQ/DZUHQFH*DOOHU\QD8QLZHUV\- WHFLH*UHHQZLFKDWDNĪH*UDFH$FWRQPRMHMFyUNLREHFQLHSUDFXMąFHMMDNRDGPLQLVWUDWRU- NDNROHNFML0HWDO/WGL1DWKDQLHOD+HOSEXUQDNXUDWRUDJDOHULLZ0DVFDOOV6FKRROZ.HQW
DWDNĪHEZVSDUFLX$GYLVRU\&RXQFLOIRUWKH(GXFDWLRQRI5RPDQLDQG2WKHU7UDYHOOHUV
ZNWyU\P]DVLDGDPZZ\VRNRĞFLIXQWyZJUDQWRZLRG6RXWK*UHHQZLFK&XOWXUDO2S- SRUWXQLWLHV)XQGZZ\VRNRĞFLIXQWyZLIXQWRPRWU]\PDQ\PRG$UWV&RXQFLO
FRXZDĪDMąRQL]DZDĪQH%\OLWR]DZRGRZLDUW\ĞFLNWyU]\]URELOLNDULHU\
SRPLPRLVWQLHMąF\FKXSU]HG]HĔZREHF&\JDQyZ1LHNWyU]\]W\FKNWyU]\
NXSRZDOLLFKREUD]\QLHZLHG]LHOLRLFKSRFKRG]HQLX1LHE\OLRQLEHQH¿- FMHQWDPLSR]\W\ZQHMG\VNU\PLQDFMLQLHF]HUSDOLNRU]\ĞFL]E\FLD&\JDQD- PLQLHE\OLÄDUW\VWDPLF\JDĔVNLPL´ZZLĊNV]\PVWRSQLXQLĪ'DYLG(VVH[
MHVWÄF\JDĔVNLPPX]\NLHP´%\OLSRSURVWXDUW\VWDPLNWyU\P]GDU]\áRVLĊ
WHĪE\ü&\JDQDPL
-HGQDNĪHNLHG\]HEUDOLVLĊUD]HPVWDáRVLĊMDVQHĪHG]LHOąZVSyOQHGR- ĞZLDGF]HQLHFRZ\WZRU]\áRPLĊG]\QLPLV\QHUJLĊ'DQLHO%DNHUZ\P\ĞOLá
W\WXáZ\VWDZ\Second SiteJUĊVáyZ]ZLą]DQą]HVWHUHRW\SHPZUyĪHQLD
SU]HPLHV]F]DQLDVLĊZSU]HVWU]HQLLRGPLHQQHMSHUFHSFML7\WXáZ\VWDZ\
ZMĊ]\NXURPVNLPEU]PLDáAvere Yakha±OXEWavver YoksZDQJLHOVNLP
GLDOHNFLHMĊ]\NDURPVNLHJR±GRVáRZQLHµ,QQH2F]\¶
:DUXQNLHP GR¿QDQVRZDQLD Z\VWDZ\ E\áR ĪH DUW\ĞFL SRSURZDG]ą
ZDUV]WDW\GODXF]QLyZPLHMVFRZ\FKV]NyáZW\PGOD&\JDQyZ5RPyZ
:ĊGURZFyZNWyU]\E\OL]DV]RNRZDQLZLG]ąF&\JDQyZ5RPyZ:ĊGURZ- FyZMDNRQLEĊGąF\FK]DZRGRZ\PLDUW\VWDPL5RPVND*UXSD:VSDUFLD
]/RQG\QXSU]\ZLR]áDQDZ\VWDZĊUyZQLHĪXFKRGĨFyZURPVNLFK1DFLVN]H
VWURQ\RUJDQL]DFMLHGXNDF\MQ\FKL]U]HV]DMąF\FK:ĊGURZFyZ]LQQ\FKPLHM- VFRZRĞFLVSRZRGRZDáĪH$UWV&RXQFLOSU]\]QDáQDPJUDQWQDSRZWyU]HQLH
Z\VWDZ\Z/HHGVZVLHG]LELH7UDYHOOHU(GXFDWLRQ6HUYLFHZ$SSOHE\SRG- F]DVQDMZLĊNV]HJRZ$QJOLLF\JDĔVNLHJRWDUJXNRĔVNLHJRLZ0XVHXPRI
(DVW$QJOLDQ/LIHZ6WRZPDUNHWZKUDEVWZLH6XIIRON
:\VWDZDE\áDZLHONLPVXNFHVHPRGELáDVLĊHFKHP]DJUDQLFąDMHMND- WDORJVWDáVLĊHJ]HPSODU]HPNROHNFMRQHUVNLP7HNVW\SU]\JRWRZDQHSU]H]H
PQLHLLQQ\FKDXWRUyZVWDá\VLĊF]ĊĞFLąDQWRORJLLZNDWDORJXZLUWXDOQHMZ\- VWDZ\URPVNLHMV]WXNLSU]\JRWRZDQHMSU]H],QVW\WXW6SRáHF]HĔVWZD2WZDU- WHJRNDWDORJX5RPVNLHJR3DZLORQXQDZHQHFNLP%LHQQDOHZU
LNDWDORJXSUDVNLHJR%LHQQDOHZW\PVDP\PURNX7RFRP\]URELOLĞP\
QDQLHZLHONąVNDOĊ,QVW\WXW6SRáHF]HĔVWZD2WZDUWHJRSRZWyU]\áQDSR]LR- PLHHXURSHMVNLP7UyMNDDUW\VWyZXF]HVWQLF]ąF\FKZZ\VWDZLHSecond Site
]QDOD]áDVLĊZĞUyGXF]HVWQLNyZ5RPVNLHJR3DZLORQXQDZHQHFNLP%LHQQD- OH6WDOLVLĊF]ĊĞFLąZL]XDOQHMJUDPDW\NLV]WXNLZVSLHUDMąFHMZLHORNXOWXUR- ZRĞü
-XQJKDXV6]HNHO\op. cit
7LPHD-XQJKDXVUHGParadise Lost – The First Roma Pavilion%XGDSHVW
7KRPDV$FWRQRefusing Exclusion>Z@*LDQFDUOR3ROLWLLLQUHGGlocal and Out- siders: Connecting Cultures in Central Europe: Catalogue of the Prague Biennale 3 3UD- JXH
7KRPDV$FWRQBuilding a new common gaze: lessons from the new English Roma/
Gypsy/ Traveller art UHIHUDWZ\JáRV]RQ\Z0RQWHKHUPRVR&XOWXUDO&HQWUH9LWRULD
.ROHNFMDMapping the InvisibleSRND]XMH]ZLą]NLSRPLĊG]\REUD]D- PL]FDáHM(XURS\DPRĪHLĞZLDWDZNWyU\FKXMDZQLDVLĊZSá\ZZVSyá- F]HVQHM Z\REUDĨQL DUW\VW\F]QHM QD VSRVyE SUH]HQWDFML 5RPyZ -HGQDNĪH
ZVSyáF]HVQDV]WXNDURPVNDUHSUH]HQWRZDQDSU]H]Z\ZLDG]'DQLHOHP%D- NHUHPLVSUDZR]GDQLH]ZHQHFNLHJR%LHQQDOH]DMPXMHMHGQąWU]HFLąUD]HP
]U]HPLRVáHPLDUFKLWHNWXUąVHNFMLSRGW\WXáHP.UHDW\ZQDSRP\VáRZRĞü
NWyUDMHVWMHGQą]SLĊFLXVNáDGDMąF\FKVLĊQDNVLąĪNĊDSRĞZLĊFRQ\FKKLVWRULL
LPLJUDFMRPSUDZRPF]áRZLHNDVNUDMQHPXXEyVWZXLWRĪVDPRĞFLURG]LQ- QHMDZLĊFNRQZHQFMRQDOQ\PWHPDWRP]NWyU\PL5RPRZLHVąQDMF]ĊĞFLHM
ZLą]DQLZPHGLDFK%\üPRĪHMHGQDNG]LHáD'DQLHOD%DNHUD]EXGRZDQH
]NDZDáNyZOXVWHUPyZLąQDPĪHV]WXNDPRĪHXF]\QLüURPVNLHF\JDĔVNLH
Ī\FLHZSHáQLZLG]LDOQ\P3RNDZDáNRZDQH]QLHNV]WDáFRQHWUDG\F\MQHPR- W\Z\NWyUH]DSHáQLDMąMHJRSRVUHEU]DQHSRZLHU]FKQLHXND]XMąQLHREHFQRĞü
OXG]NLFKSRVWDFLZWUDG\F\MQ\FKURPVNLFKGHNRUDFMDFK1LHPRĪQDMHGQDN
LFKVIRWRJUDIRZDüSRPLMDMąFZáDVQHZQLFKRGELFLH
7U]HEDZ\UDĨQLHSRZLHG]LHüĪHFLDUW\ĞFLQLHVWDUDMąVLĊE\üÄF\JDĔVNL- PLDUW\VWDPL´DQLF]HUSDüSU]\ZLOHMyZ]HVZRMHMF\JDĔVNRĞFL:VSyáF]HVQD
URPVNDV]WXNDSUH]HQWRZDQDQDZ\VWDZDFKMHVWF]ĊVWRQLHGRVWĊSQDGODWUD- G\F\MQ\FKJXVWyZZLG]yZQLH]DOHĪQLHRGWHJRF]\Vą5RPDPLF]\JDG]LD- PLSRQLHZDĪVWDQRZLZ\]ZDQLHGODLFKRF]HNLZDĔ]DPLDVWMHNRPIRUWRZR
SRWZLHUG]Dü1LHPDF]HJRĞWDNLHJRMDNÄZURG]RQ\URPVNLGXFK´ZáDĞFLZ\
W\PDUW\VWRPWHJRW\SXUDFMRQDOL]DFMHQDOHĪąGR]G\VNUHG\WRZDQ\FKUDVL- VWRZVNLFKQDUUDFMLKLVWRULLLWRĪVDPRĞFL
5RPVF\DUW\ĞFLSU]HMPXMąWHPRW\Z\LWUHQG\NWyUHVąLPSRWU]HEQH
-HĞOLSRMDZLDVLĊVWHUHRW\SRZ\VW\OF\JDĔVNLWRNDĪG\PRĪHE\ü*\SV\.LQJV
OXE*RJRO%RUGHOOR±DOHZáDĞFLZLHGODF]HJRQLH"3RWRF]QHGRĞZLDGF]HQLD
L]ZLą]DQH]QLPLQRZHQDUUDFMHVSRW\NDMąVLĊ]LQWHUDNW\ZQ\PLUHDNFMDPL
6ąRQHF]ĊĞFLąSU]HNV]WDáFHĔKLVWRU\F]QHMQDUUDFMLSRW\PMDNXSDGHNPXUX
EHUOLĔVNLHJRSRJU]HEDáVWDU\SRU]ąGHNSU]HVWU]HQQ\7\PFRVLĊOLF]\MHVW
SU]HND]NWyU\PMHVWVDPDV]WXNDQLHMHMSRVáDĔF\:RVWDWHF]Q\PUDFKXQ- NXHWQLF]QRĞüDUW\VW\MHVWVSUDZąQLHLVWRWQą
7áXP6áDZRPLU.DSUDOVNL
/XF\2UWDUHGMapping the Invisible: EU-Roma Gypsies/RQGRQ
/,7(5$785$
$&7217$&721*UHGSecond Site $GYLVRU\&RXQFLOIRUWKH(GXFDWLRQRI
5RPDQ\DQGRWKHU7UDYHOOHUV/RQGRQ
$&7217Building a new common gaze: lessons from the new English Roma/
Gypsy/ Traveller artUHIHUDWZ\JáRV]RQ\Z0RQWHKHUPRVR&XOWXUDO&HQWUH9L- WRULD
%2526*Gypsy Music: The Musician Rroma (Romungre) of Hungary and the
“Onslaught” of the Second Reform 0 $ 7KHVLV 8QLYHUVLW\ RI *UHHQZLFK
*UHHQZLFK
%5$,''The construction of identity through narrative: folklore and the Travel- ling people of Scotland>Z@7$&721*081'<UHGRomani culture and Gypsy identity 8QLYHUVLW\RI+HUWIRUGVKLUH3UHVV+DW¿HOG
'$52&=,$Autodidakta Cigány Képzömüvészek II. Országos Kiállítása (WKQR- JUDSKLF0XVHXP%XGDSHVW
'-85,&5Die Literatur der Roma und Sinti (GLWLRQ3DUDEROLV%HUOLQ
)5$6(5$Dzieje CyganówWáXP(./(.273DĔVWZRZ\,QVW\WXW:\GDZQL- F]\:DUV]DZD
*5(//0$11+Historischer Versuch über die Zigeuner betreffend die Leben- sart und Verfassung, Sitten und Schicksale dieses Volks seit seiner Erscheinung in Europa, und dessen UrsprungZ\G-RKDQQ&KULVWLDQ'LHWHULFK*|WWLQJHQ
+$1&2&.,On Romani Origins and Identity: Questions for Discussion>Z@
$0$56+(675$1'UHGGypsies and the Problem of Identities – Conte- xtual, Constructed and Contested ,%7DXULV/RQGRQ
-81*+$8676=(.(/<.UHGMeet Your Neighbours: Contemporary Roma Art from Europe 2SHQ6RFLHW\,QVWLWXWH%XGDSHVW
-81*+$867UHGParadise Lost – The First Roma Pavilion 2SHQ6RFLHW\
,QVWLWXWH%XGDSHVW
.29$/&6,..Vlach Gypsy Folk Songs in Slovakia ,QVWLWXWHIRU0XVLFRORJ\RI
WKH+XQJDULDQ$FDGHP\RI6FLHQFHV%XGDSHVW
0$56+$675$1'(UHGGypsies and the Problem of Identities – Contextu- al, Constructed and Contested ,%7DXULV/RQGRQ
257$/UHGMapping The Invisible: EU-Roma Gypsies%ODFN'RJ3XEOLFD- WLRQV/RQGRQ
5(,':Scottish Gypsies/Travellers and the Folklorists>Z@7$&721*081- '<UHGRomani culture and Gypsy identity8QLYHUVLW\RI+HUWIRUGVKLUH3UHVV
+DW¿HOG
:,//(06:In Search of the True Gypsy: From Enlightenment to Final Solu- tion )UDQN&DVV/RQGRQ
Thomas Acton
.$7$5(%(5/Î1(%$55$1*(6427(/,3(1ڻ,.$-Ê.+72
5520$123$9,Ñ12$1',%,(11$/$'5,9(1Ê&,$±.$7$5(
$*1(6'$52&=,642681'$/ڻ,.('$1,(/%$.(5(642681'$/
2DYWzURVLNDYHOHüKDQGHVTLHYROFLDNDULQJRGRPELSHQHUURPDQHGRPEHQșH
NDGDODGURQDNKOLSHQEXWLYDUGLNKOԁQVlVVlUHIzONRGRPELSQDVTHUHSUH]HQWjFLH
WKDMNDGDODVLDNDQDSURIHVLRQjOHGRPEDNDGDOHQTLEXWӿQDQDMOHVQLqNKNRQqNFLD
SXPDUHDYWRURQHQTHHWQLFLWHWDoD2DYWzURNHUHODQDOu]HNULWLNDQHVSDORNRQFqSWR
VlURüDüXWQLSHQGURGRPELSHQMRYVLNDYHORLVLSHQHYHUYHUHGRPELNDQHNULVLQH- QTsURGUHEXWӽHUURPDQHGRPEHQșHWKDMDJRUӽUHOVlUMHNKHGRPEHVTLHWQLFLWqWD
QDQDMLPSRUWDQWQRDMDNDQXWQLJHQHUjFLDPDĞNlUHUURPDQHGRPEHQșHݤDODYULNDWDU
MHNKHHWQLNDQHGRPELSQDVTLVWuJPD
Thomas Acton
)5207+()$//2)7+(%(5/,1:$//727+(),567520$
3$9,/,21$77+(9(1,&(%,(11$/(±)5207+(:25/'2)$*1(6
'$52&=,727+(:25/'2)'$1,(/%$.(5
7KHDXWKRUSUHVHQWVWKHHYROXWLRQRIWKHDWWLWXGHWRZDUGVWKHDUWRI5RPDDUWLVWV
ZKRLQWKHSDVWZHUHRIWHQSHUFHLYHGDVUHSUHVHQWDWLYHVRIDIRONDUWDQGZKRDUH
QRZSURIHVVLRQDODUWLVWVZKRVHZRUNRIWHQGRHVQRWKDYHDQ\FRQQHFWLRQZLWKWKH
HWKQLFLW\RIWKHLUDXWKRUV7KHDXWKRUFULWLFDOO\DQDO\VHVWKHFRQFHSWRIDXWKHQWLFLW\
LQDUWE\SRLQWLQJRXWWKHSUHVHQFHRIGLYHUVHDHVWKHWLFWUDGLWLRQVLQWKHZRUNVRI
5RPDDUWLVWVDQGFRQFOXGHVWKDWWKHHWKQLFLW\RIDQDUWLVWLVXQLPSRUWDQWDQGWKH
FRQWHPSRUDU\JHQHUDWLRQRI5RPDDUWLVWVKDVHVFDSHGWKHVWLJPDRIDQHWKQLFDUW