• Nie Znaleziono Wyników

STUDIA Z PRAWA WYZNANIOWEGO Tom 18 – 2015

N/A
N/A
Protected

Academic year: 2021

Share "STUDIA Z PRAWA WYZNANIOWEGO Tom 18 – 2015"

Copied!
12
0
0

Pełen tekst

(1)

$ 5 7 < . 8 à <

STUDIA Z PRAWA WYZNANIOWEGO Tom 18 – 2015

ARTUR MEZGLEWSKI*

1

UTWORZENIE ORAZ REJESTRACJA

=:,Ą=.8:<=1$1,2:(*2

-$.235=(-$:<:2/12ĝ&,5(/,*,-1(-

-HGQ\P ] FHQWUDOQ\FK WHPDWyZ Z\]QDQLRZRSUDZQ\FK NWyU\ QLH

GRF]HNDá VLĊ ± MDN GRWąG ± SRJáĊELRQHM G\VNXVML GRNWU\QDOQHM MHVW

SUREOHPZ]DMHPQ\FKNRUHODFMLSRPLĊG]\ZROQRĞFLąUHOLJLMQąZDVSHN- WDFK LQG\ZLGXDOQ\P RUD] ZVSyOQRWRZ\P 6NąG VLĊ ELHU]H ZROQRĞü

NRĞFLRáyZLFRVWDQRZLMHMSRGVWDZĊ":MDNLVSRVyELQDMDNLHMSRGVWDZLH

ZVSyOQRW\UHOLJLMQHVWDMąVLĊSRGPLRWDPLSUDZLRERZLą]NyZZVIHU]H

SUDZDSXEOLF]QHJR"&]\LZMDNLP]DNUHVLHUHMHVWUDFMD]ZLą]NXZ\]QD- QLRZHJRVWDQRZLSU]HMDZX]HZQĊWU]QLHQLDZROQRĞFLUHOLJLMQHM"7DNLFK

QLHGRNRĔFDÄRGSRZLHG]LDQ\FK´S\WDĔMHVWZLHOH

Niniejsze opracowanie ma charakter jedynie przyczynkowy LZ]DPLHU]HQLXDXWRUDVWDQRZLüPD]DSURV]HQLHGRG\VNXVML-HJRFHOHP

MHVW GRNRQDQLH RFHQ\ SU]HSLVyZ GRW\F]ąF\FK UHMHVWUDFML ]ZLą]NyZ

Z\]QDQLRZ\FKRUD]XVWDOHQLHF]\RERZLą]XMąFHQRUP\ DWDNĪHVWRVR- ZDQDSUDJPDW\ND VWDQRZLąde facto JZDUDQFMHZROQRĞFLUHOLJLMQHM

.VSURIGUKDE:\G]LDá3UDZDL$GPLQLVWUDFML8QLZHUV\WHW2SROVNLXO.DWRZLFND

D2SROHHPDLODP#SUDZRQDGURG]HRUJSO

(2)

.25(/$&-(:2/12ĝ&,5(/,*,-1(-

INDYWIDUALNEJ I KOLEKTYWNEJ

: GRNWU\QLH SU]\MPRZDQ\ MHVW SRJOąG ĪH ]ZLą]NLZ\]QDQLRZH ±

MDNRRGUĊEQHSRGPLRW\±Z\SRVDĪRQHVąZXSUDZQLHQLDGRNRU]\VWD- QLD]ZROQRĞFLUHOLJLMQHMDLFKSRGVWDZRZąIXQNFMąMHVW]DEH]SLHF]DQLH

UHDOL]DFML XSUDZQLHĔ LQG\ZLGXDOQ\FK VZRLFK F]áRQNyZ

1

. Gwarantem W\FK XSUDZQLHĔ MHVW SDĔVWZR 3RGVWDZRZ\P SU]HMDZHP SRV]DQRZD- QLDSU]H]SDĔVWZRZROQRĞFLUHOLJLMQHMZZ\PLDU]HZVSyOQRWRZ\PVą

JZDUDQFMHZROQRĞFLNXOWX

2

.

W przepisach Konstytucji RP

3

QLH]RVWDáRNUHĞORQ\ZVSRVyEV]F]H- JyáRZ\ NDWDORJ XSUDZQLHĔ SU]\VáXJXMąF\FK SRV]F]HJyOQ\P NRĞFLR- áRPLLQQ\P]ZLą]NRPZ\]QDQLRZ\PFKRüSRV]F]HJyOQLDXWRU]\WDNL

NDWDORJZ\ZRG]ą]FDáRNV]WDáWXRERZLą]XMąF\FKSU]HSLVyZ

4

. Konstytu- FMDQDWRPLDVWZVSRVyEZ\UDĨQ\SU]\MPXMHLĪX]HZQĊWU]QLDQLHUHOLJLL

PRĪHGRNRQ\ZDüVLĊUyZQLHĪZIRUPDFKZVSyOQRWRZ\FK

5

.

1LHSRGHMPXMąFVLĊZW\PPLHMVFXDQDOL]\F]\ZV]\VWNLHXSUDZQLH- QLD ]ZLą]NyZ Z\]QDQLRZ\FK Z VIHU]H SXEOLF]QHM VWDQRZLą UHDOL]DFMĊ

ZROQRĞFLUHOLJLMQHMIRUPXáXMĊWZLHUG]HQLHĪHZROQRĞüUHOLJLMQDZDVSHN- FLHZVSyOQRWRZ\PNWyUąVNUyWRZRQD]ZDüPRĪQDZROQRĞFLąNRĞFLRáyZ

Z\Sá\ZD]LQG\ZLGXDOQHMZROQRĞFLUHOLJLMQHMF]áRQNyZGDQHMZVSyOQRW\

3RGVWDZą ĨUyGáHP WHMZROQRĞFLMHVWERZLHPJRGQRĞüRVRE\OXG]NLHM±

FRZ\QLNDZSURVW].RQVW\WXFML53 DUW :ROQRĞüUHOLJLMQD±ZVZRMHM

LVWRFLH±MHVW]DWHPSUDZHPSU]\VáXJXMąF\PMHGQRVWFHOXG]NLHM

6

:ROQRĞü

1

0LFKDá 3LHWU]DN 3UDZR Z\]QDQLRZH :DUV]DZD :\GDZQLFWZD 3UDZQLF]H 3:1

 

2

-y]HI .UXNRZVNL 3ROVNLH SUDZR Z\]QDQLRZH :DUV]DZD :\GDZQLFWZD 3UDZQLF]H

PWN 2000), 137.

3

.RQVW\WXFMD5]HF]\SRVSROLWHM3ROVNLHM]GQLDNZLHWQLDU']81USR]

]SyĨQ]P

4

+HQU\N 0LV]WDO Ä,GHD ZROQRĞFL UHOLJLMQHM´ Z 3UDZR Z\]QDQLRZH, red. Henryk 0LV]WDOL3LRWU6WDQLV] /XEOLQ6DQGRPLHU]:\GDZQLFWZR'LHFH]MDOQH 

5

+HQU\N 0LV]WDO Ä.RQVW\WXF\MQH JZDUDQFMH ZROQRĞFL VXPLHQLD L UHOLJLL´ Z $UWXU

Mezglewski, Henryk Misztal, i Piotr Stanisz, 3UDZR Z\]QDQLRZH :DUV]DZD &+%HFN

2011), 71.

6

0DUHN%LHOHFNLÄ:ROQRĞüUHOLJLMQD´Z/HNV\NRQSUDZDZ\]QDQLRZHJR±SRGVWD-

ZRZ\FKSRMĊüUHG$UWXU0H]JOHZVNL :DUV]DZD&+%HFN 

(3)

125

87:25=(1,(25$=5(-(675$&-$=:,Ą=.8:<=1$1,2:(*2

UHOLJLMQDZVSyOQRWRZDVWDQRZLMHG\QLHHPDQDFMĊZROQRĞFLLQG\ZLGXDO- QHM,VWQLHQLHLG]LDáDOQRĞüNRĞFLRáyZZ\QLND]LQG\ZLGXDOQHJRSUDZD

GR WZRU]HQLD NRĞFLRáyZ RUD] SUDZD GR F]áRQNRVWZD ZH ZVSyOQRWDFK

UHOLJLMQ\FK(PDQDFMDWDSU]HMDZLDVLĊWDNĪHZW\PĪHUHDOL]DFMDV]HUH- JXSU]HMDZyZZROQRĞFLUHOLJLMQHMPRĪOLZDMHVWMHG\QLHZHZVSyOQRFLH

ZVSyáZ\]QDZFyZ

3RZ\ĪV]HWZLHUG]HQLD±FRRF]\ZLVWH±Z\ZRG]RQHVąQDJUXQFLH

SUDZDSDĔVWZRZHJR ZW\PWDNĪHQDJUXQFLHSUDZF]áRZLHND DQLH

SUDZD NDQRQLF]QHJR 8]DVDGQLHQLH WHRORJLF]QH SUDZ L ZROQRĞFL

SRV]F]HJyOQ\FK ZVSyOQRW UHOLJLMQ\FK PRĪH ERZLHP SURZDG]Lü GR

RGPLHQQ\FKZQLRVNyZ

:2/12ĝû7:25=(1,$.2ĝ&,2àÏ:

-HVWU]HF]ą]QDPLHQQąĪHZROQRĞüGRWZRU]HQLDNRĞFLRáyZLLQQ\FK

]ZLą]NyZ Z\]QDQLRZ\FK QLH ]RVWDáD Z\DUW\NXáRZDQD expressis verbis Z NDWDORJX XSUDZQLHĔ Z\QLNDMąF\FK ] ZROQRĞFL UHOLJLMQHM

NWyU\ ]DZDUW\ ]RVWDá Z DUW  XVW  RERZLą]XMąFHM .RQVW\WXFML 53

:V]DN ZROQRĞü WD PD FKDUDNWHU XSU]HGQL L ZDUXQNXMąF\ Z VWRVXQ- NX GR V]HUHJX LQQ\FK ZROQRĞFL WDNLFK MDN SUDNW\NRZDQLH SXEOLF]- QHXF]HVWQLF]HQLHZREU]ĊGDFKSRVLDGDQLHĞZLąW\ĔLPLHMVFNXOWXLWS

3R]DRZąÄ]QDPLHQQRĞFLą´EUDNWHQQLHURG]LĪDGQ\FKNRQVHNZHQFML

SUDZQ\FKDQLWHĪLQWHUSUHWDF\MQ\FK3RZRáDQ\NDWDORJQLHPDERZLHP

FKDUDNWHUX HQXPHUDW\ZQHJR D XSUDZQLHQLH GR WZRU]HQLD ]ZLą]NyZ

Z\]QDQLRZ\FKPRĪQDZ\ZLHĞü]HZVND]DQHJRZ.RQVW\WXFMLSUDZD

GRÄSU]\MPRZDQLDUHOLJLLZHGáXJZáDVQHJRZ\ERUX´

7

. Uprawnienie do WZRU]HQLDZVSyOQRWUHOLJLMQ\FK]ZDQ\FKNRĞFLRáDPLLLQQ\PL]ZLą]- NDPL Z\]QDQLRZ\PL ]RVWDáR QDWRPLDVW XMĊWH Z NDWDORJX SRV]HU]R- Q\P±]DZDUW\PZDUWXVWDZ\]GQLDPDMDURJZDUDQFMDFK

ZROQRĞFLVXPLHQLDLZ\]QDQLD

8

.

7

7DGHXV] - =LHOLĔVNL Ä3RMĊFLH UHOLJLL Z\]QDQLD ]ZLą]NX Z\]QDQLRZHJR L NRĞFLRáD

Z.RQVW\WXFML5]HF]\SRVSROLWHM3ROVNLHM´ZPrawo i religiaWUHG7DGHXV]-=LHOLĔVNL

:DUV]DZDEZ 

8

7HNVWMHGQ']8]U1USR]]SyĨQ]P

(4)

$NW\ZQRĞüZ]DNUHVLHWZRU]HQLD]ZLą]NyZZ\]QDQLRZ\FK]QDMGXMH

VLĊSR]DREV]DUHPUHJXODFMLSUDZQ\FK±FRQDOHĪ\WUDNWRZDüMDNRMHGHQ

]HOHPHQWyZZROQRĞFLUHOLJLMQHM=DáRĪ\FLHOL]ZLą]NXZ\]QDQLRZHJR

QLHRERZLą]XMąĪDGQHUHJXá\Z]DNUHVLHRNUHĞOHQLDVWUXNWXU\RUJDQL]D- F\MQHMVLHG]LE\UHSUH]HQWDFMLNRPSHWHQFMLRUJDQyZSUDZLRERZLą]- NyZ F]áRQNyZ QRZR SRZVWDáHM ZVSyOQRW\ 0DMą GR QLHM ]DVWRVRZD- QLHMHG\QLHSU]HSLV\RNUHĞODMąFHJUDQLFHZX]HZQĊWU]QLDQLXZROQRĞFL

UHOLJLMQHMRNUHĞORQHZDUWXVW.RQVW\WXFML

3U]HSLV\ SUDZD SROVNLHJR SU]HZLGXMą ZSUDZG]LH GOD NRĞFLRáyZ

LLQQ\FK]ZLą]NyZZ\]QDQLRZ\FKRGUĊEQ\UHĪLPSUDZQ\5HĪLPRZL

WHPXSRGOHJDMąMHGQDNW\ONRWH]ZLą]NLZ\]QDQLRZHNWyU\FKV\WXDFMD

SUDZQD]RVWDáDXUHJXORZDQDZWU\ELHXPRZ\PLĊG]\QDURGRZHMEąGĨ

ZWU\ELHXVWDZ\EąGĨWHĪZWU\ELHDGPLQLVWUDF\MQ\P±SRSU]H]GRNRQD- QLH ZSLVX GR UHMHVWUX NRĞFLRáyZ L LQQ\FK ]ZLą]NyZ Z\]QDQLRZ\FK

SURZDG]RQHJR SU]H] PLQLVWUD ZáDĞFLZHJR GR VSUDZ Z\]QDĔ UHOLJLM- Q\FKRUD]PQLHMV]RĞFLQDURGRZ\FKLHWQLF]Q\FK:VSyOQRW\UHOLJLMQH

Z3ROVFHQLHSRGOHJDMąMHGQDNRERZLą]NRZLUHMHVWUDFML'RZROQDOLF]ED

OXG]LPRĪH]DáRĪ\üNRĞFLyáNWyU\PRĪHOHJDOQLHG]LDáDüQLHSRGGDMąF

VLĊSURFHGXU]HZSLVXGRUHMHVWUX:\]QDZF\GDQHMUHOLJLLPRJą±SR]D

W\P ± XUHJXORZDü V\WXDFMĊ SUDZQą VZRMHM ZVSyOQRW\ SU]\ Z\NRU]\- VWDQLXUHĪLPXSUDZQHJRSU]HZLG]LDQHJRGODVWRZDU]\V]HĔF]\IXQGD- FML±X]\VNXMąFZWHQVSRVyERVRERZRĞüSUDZQą=DVDGDWDQLHG]LDáD

Z SU]HFLZQ\P NLHUXQNX W]Q GR UHMHVWUX QLH PRJą ]RVWDü ZSLVDQH

WH RUJDQL]DFMH NWyUH QLH SRVLDGDMą FKDUDNWHUX ZVSyOQRW UHOLJLMQ\FK

]ZLą]NyZZ\]QDQLRZ\FK 

1LH XOHJD ZąWSOLZRĞFL LĪ SRGVWDZRZą UDFMą IXQNFMRQRZDQLD

]ZLą]NyZ Z\]QDQLRZ\FK Z VIHU]H SUDZD SXEOLF]QHJR MHVW ZROQRĞü

UHOLJLMQDSU]\VáXJXMąFDSRV]F]HJyOQ\PF]áRQNRPW\FKZVSyOQRW1LH

R]QDF]D WR ĪH ZV]\VF\ F]áRQNRZLH PXV]ą GHPRNUDW\F]QLH ]DU]ą- G]DüGDQ\PNRĞFLRáHPDQLWHĪQLHR]QDF]DĪHPXV]ąVLĊRQL]JDG]Dü

] SRV]F]HJyOQ\PL GHF\]MDPL RUJDQyZ XSUDZQLRQ\FK GR LFK UHSUH- ]HQWRZDQLD :\]QDZFyZ SRV]F]HJyOQ\FK ]ZLą]NyZ Z\]QDQLRZ\FK

áąF]\ SU]HGH ZV]\VWNLP credo, natomiast kwestie organizacyjne, Z W\P WDNĪH G\VF\SOLQD NRĞFLHOQD NUHRZDQD MHVW SU]H] RGSRZLHG- QLHRUJDQ\8F]HVWQLFWZRZ]ZLą]NXZ\]QDQLRZ\PMHVWGREURZROQH

LGRSyNLPyZLP\RUHODFMDFKZHZQĊWU]Q\FKZUDPDFKGDQHMZVSyOQR-

(5)

127

87:25=(1,(25$=5(-(675$&-$=:,Ą=.8:<=1$1,2:(*2

W\±GRSyW\GRPQLHP\ZDVLĊĪHNDĪG\]F]áRQNyZZVSyOQRW\UHDOL]X- MHVZRMąZROQRĞüUHOLJLMQąSRSU]H]IDNWSU]\QDOHĪQRĞFLGRRNUHĞORQHJR

wyznania.

35=(6à$1.,5(-(675$&-,=:,Ą=.8:<=1$1,2:(*2

:.217(.ĝ&,(5($/,=$&-,:2/12ĝ&,5(/,*,-1(-

3URZDG]HQLHSU]H]RUJDQSDĔVWZRZ\UHMHVWUX]ZLą]NyZZ\]QDQLR- Z\FK±Z]DOHĪQRĞFLRGSU]\MPRZDQHJRPRGHOXUHODFMLSDĔVWZRZR-

NRĞFLHOQ\FK±PRĪH]RVWDüSRWUDNWRZDQHEąGĨ]DHOHPHQWQLHSRWU]HE- QHM LQJHUHQFML SDĔVWZD Z VSUDZ\ ZHZQĊWU]QH ZVSyOQRW UHOLJLMQ\FK

EąGĨQDZHW]DSU]HMDZQDUXV]HQLDSU]H]SDĔVWZR]DVDG\ĞZLHFNRĞFL

EH]VWURQQRĞFL ĞZLDWRSRJOąGRZHM  *G\ MHGQDN SRV]F]HJyOQH ZVSyO- QRW\ UHOLJLMQH ± SRSU]H] UHMHVWUDFMĊ ± RWU]\PXMą XG]LDá GRVWĊS  GR

VIHU\ SXEOLF]QRSDĔVWZRZHM D Z V]F]HJyOQRĞFL GR XF]HVWQLFWZD

Z UHDOL]DFML ]DGDĔ SXEOLF]Q\FK SRGGDQLH VLĊ SURFHVRZL UHMHVWUDFML

PRĪQDFRQDMZ\ĪHMSRWUDNWRZDüMDNRIRUPĊSU]\ZLOHMXSROHJDMąFH- go na uczestnictwie w publicznym obrocie prawnym na specjalnych ]DVDGDFK=UHV]WąZUHĪLPLHSUDZQ\PRGQRV]ąF\PVLĊGR]ZLą]NyZ

Z\]QDQLRZ\FK QLHW\ONRZ3ROVFHDOHWDNĪHZLQQ\FKNUDMDFK ]DZDU- W\FK ]RVWDáR FDá\ V]HUHJ XUHJXORZDĔ NWyUH SRVLDGDMą FHFK\ SU]\ZL- OHMyZ =DOLF]\ü GR QLFK PRĪQD EUDN RSRGDWNRZDQLD SU]\FKRGyZ

SRFKRG]ąF\FK ] QLHJRVSRGDUF]HM G]LDáDOQRĞFL VWDWXWRZHM PRĪOLZRĞü

X]\VNLZDQLDGDURZL]QQDFHOHNXOWXRUD]QDG]LDáDOQRĞüFKDU\WDW\ZQą

RSLHNXĔF]ąRĞZLDWRZąLWS



7U]HEDVLĊMHGQDN]JRG]Lü]DUJXPHQWDPLGRNWU\Q\ĪHÄZSLV\ZD- QLH]ZLą]NyZZ\]QDQLRZ\FKGRRVREQHJRUHMHVWUXNRĞFLRáyZLLQQ\FK

]ZLą]NyZZ\]QDQLRZ\FK]DPLDVWGRZVSyOQHJRUHMHVWUXZUD]]LQQ\PL

RUJDQL]DFMDPL QSVWRZDU]\V]HQLDPL ´±QLHE\áR]DELHJLHPNRQLHF]- Q\P']LDáDOQRĞü]ZLą]NyZZ\]QDQLRZ\FK ZW\PWDNĪHG]LDáDOQRĞü

UHOLJLMQD PRJáDE\E\üSURZDG]RQDVNXWHF]QLHUyZQLHĪSU]\]DVWRVR-



6]HU]HM 7DGHXV] 6WDQLVáDZVNL )LQDQVRZDQLH LQVW\WXFML Z\]QDQLRZ\FK ]H ĞURGNyZ

SXEOLF]Q\FKZ3ROVFH /XEOLQ:\GDZQLFWZR.8/ 

(6)

waniu form organizacyjnych, typowych dla polskiego systemu prawne- JR VWRZDU]\V]HĔIXQGDFMLLWS

10

.

:NDWDORJDFK NRQVW\WXF\MQ\PLXVWDZRZ\P GRW\F]ąF\FKHOHPHQ- WyZ SU]HMDZyZ ZROQRĞFLUHOLJLMQHMQLHZ\ND]XMHVLĊMHGQDNexpres- sis verbisZROQRĞFLZ]DNUHVLHXUHJXORZDQLDE\WXSUDZQHJR]ZLą]NyZ

wyznaniowych. Czy zatem prawo do uregulowania bytu prawnego ]ZLą]NXZ\]QDQLRZHJRQDIRUXPSDĔVWZRZ\PMHVWHOHPHQWHPZROQR- ĞFLUHOLJLMQHM":\GDMHVLĊĪHMHVW*G\E\ERZLHP]DáRĪ\üĪHZROQRĞü

UHOLJLMQDNRĔF]\VLĊQDPRĪOLZRĞFL]DáRĪHQLD]ZLą]NXZ\]QDQLRZHJR

QDWRPLDVWX]QDQLHSRGPLRWRZRĞFLWDNLHMRUJDQL]DFML]HVWURQ\SDĔVWZD

MHVW W\ONR L Z\áąF]QLH SU]HMDZHP MHJR GREUHM ZROL ± R]QDF]DáRE\ WR

Z NRQVHNZHQFML UHGXNFMĊ XSUDZQLHĔ MHGQRVWHN OXG]NLFK GR UHDOQHJR

NRU]\VWDQLD]WHMZROQRĞFLZVIHU]HSXEOLF]QHMGRIRUP\LĞFLHNDGáXER- wej

11

6]NRGDMHGQDNĪHSU]\QDMPQLHMQDSR]LRPLHXVWDZRZ\PRZ\FK

JZDUDQFMLZVSRVyEZ\UDĨQ\QLHZ\DUW\NXáRZDQR

:SLVRZL GR UHMHVWUX SRGOHJDMą ± ]JRGQLH ] DUW  SNW  XVWDZ\

RJZDUDQFMDFKZROQRĞFLVXPLHQLDLZ\]QDQLD±NRĞFLRá\LLQQH]ZLą]NL

Z\]QDQLRZH]DNáDGDQHZFHOXZ\]QDZDQLDLV]HU]HQLDZLDU\UHOLJLM- QHMSRVLDGDMąFHZáDVQ\XVWUyMGRNWU\QĊLREU]ĊG\NXOWRZH±LVWQLHMąFH

ZFKZLOL]áRĪHQLDZQLRVNXRUHMHVWUDFMĊ

12

3UDZRGR]áRĪHQLDZQLRVNX

RUHMHVWUDFMĊQLHSU]\VáXJXMHMHGQDNVDPHPX]ZLą]NRZLZ\]QDQLRZH- PX±FKRFLDĪWRQDMHJRV\WXDFMĊSUDZQąEĊG]LHRGG]LDá\ZDüUR]VWU]\- JQLĊFLH Z SU]HGPLRFLH GRNRQDQLD OXE RGPRZ\ GRNRQDQLD ZSLVX

13

.

10

0DUHN 3OLVLHFNL Ä6WDQGDUG\ ĞZLHFNRĞFL SU]\ UHMHVWURZDQLX ]ZLą]NyZ Z\]QD- QLRZ\FK´ Z 6WDQGDUG\ EH]VWURQQRĞFL ĞZLDWRSRJOąGRZHM ZáDG] SXEOLF]Q\FK, red. Artur 0H]JOHZVNLL$QQD7XQLD /XEOLQ:\GDZQLFWZR.8/ 

11

=GDQLHP03OLVLHFNLHJRÄ]SXQNWXZLG]HQLDZROQRĞFLVXPLHQLDLZ\]QDQLDPRĪQD

WUDNWRZDü RVRERZRĞü SUDZQą MDNR XSUDZQLHQLH L JZDUDQFMĊ XSUDZQLHĔ SU]\VáXJXMąF\FK

ZVSyOQRFLH UHOLJLMQHM´ >WHQĪH :\]QDQLRZD RVRED SUDZQD Z SUDZLH SROVNLP :DUV]DZD

:\GDZQLFWZR1DXNRZH6HPSHU @]DĞÄXVWDQRZLHQLHUHMHVWUXNRĞFLRáyZLLQQ\FK

]ZLą]NyZZ\]QDQLRZ\FKZSURZDG]LáRGRSROVNLHJRSRU]ąGNXSUDZQHJRQRZHJZDUDQFMH

ZROQRĞFLVXPLHQLDLZ\]QDQLD´7HQĪHÄ6WDQGDUG\ĞZLHFNRĞFL´

12

:\QLNDWR]IDNWXLĪZDUXQNLHPGRNRQDQLDZSLVXMHVW]áRĪHQLHSU]H]ZQLRVNRGDZ- FyZ±ZUD]]ZQLRVNLHPRGRNRQDQLHZSLVX±GHNODUDFMLRXWZRU]HQLXNRĞFLRáDOXELQQHJR

]ZLą]NXZ\]QDQLRZHJR±]JRGQLH]DUWXVWDZ\

13

=RE%DUWRV]0DMFKU]DNÄ&KDUDNWHUSUDZQ\ZSLVXGRUHMHVWUX]ZLą]NyZZ\]QDQLR-

Z\FK´3U]HJOąG3UDZD:\]QDQLRZHJR  

(7)



87:25=(1,(25$=5(-(675$&-$=:,Ą=.8:<=1$1,2:(*2

:QLRVHNRUHMHVWUDFMĊVNáDGDFRQDMPQLHMVWXRVRERZDJUXSDRE\ZDWHOL

SROVNLFK SRVLDGDMąF\FK SHáQą ]GROQRĞü GR F]\QQRĞFL SUDZQ\FK DUW

XVWXVWDZ\ ZVWRVXQNXGRNWyU\FKGHF\]MDRUJDQXUHMHVWURZHJR

QLHZ\ZRáXMHĪDGQ\FKVNXWNyZ SRPLPRLĪZQLRVNRGDZF\SRVLDGDMą

IRUPDOQLHVWDWXVVWURQSRVWĊSRZDQLD

14

.

2GPRZDUHMHVWUDFMLPRĪHQDVWąSLüMHG\QLH]SRZRGXVSU]HF]QRĞFL

] SU]HSLVDPL XVWDZ FKURQLąF\FK EH]SLHF]HĔVWZR SXEOLF]QH SRU]ą- GHN]GURZLHPRUDOQRĞüSXEOLF]QąRUD]SRGVWDZRZHSUDZDLZROQR- ĞFL RE\ZDWHOVNLH 2ERZLą]XMąFH SU]HSLV\ QLH IRUPXáXMą QDWRPLDVW ]H

VWURQ\ UHMHVWURZDQ\FK ]ZLą]NyZ Z\]QDQLRZ\FK ĪDGQ\FK Z\PRJyZ

RFKDUDNWHU]HSR]\W\ZQ\P±SR]DSU]HVáDQNąRNUHĞORQąZDUWSNW

XVWDZ\RJZDUDQFMDFKZROQRĞFLVXPLHQLDLZ\]QDQLD

8]DVDGQLRQHRELHNFMHPXVLEXG]Lü]DUyZQRSU]\]QDQLHNRPSHWHQFML

ZáDG]RPĞZLHFNLPGRRNUHĞODQLDF]\GDQDGRNWU\QDPD]DFHOV]HU]H- nie wiary religijnej

15

 MDN WHĪ ]XSHáQD UH]\JQDFMD SDĔVWZD ] RNUHĞOD- QLD RGSRZLHGQLFK Z\PRJyZ RUJDQL]DF\MQ\FK SR VWURQLH ]ZLą]NyZ

Z\]QDQLRZ\FKNWyUHSRX]\VNDQLXZSLVXGRUHMHVWUXRWU]\PXMąVWDWXV

]ZLą]NXZ\]QDQLRZHJRUyZQRSUDZQHJRLXSUDZQLRQHJRGRDNW\ZQR- ĞFLZVIHU]HSXEOLF]QHM=DXZDĪ\üQDOHĪ\LĪZSUDZRGDZVWZDFKZLHOX

SDĔVWZHXURSHMVNLFKRERZLą]XMąSU]HSLV\NWyUHSU]\OHJDOL]DFMLE\WX

SUDZQHJR ]ZLą]NyZ Z\]QDQLRZ\FK QDNáDGDMą GRGDWNRZH Z\PRJL ±

ZW\PZV]F]HJyOQRĞFLZ\PyJUĊNRMPLWUZDáRĞFL

16

.

14

Zob. Wyrok WSA w Warszawie z dnia 12 lutego 2004, sygn. Akt I SA 152/03.

15

:RSLQLLZLHOXDXWRUyZGRRNUHĞODQLDUHOLJLMQHJRFKDUDNWHUXRUJDQL]DFMLXSUDZQLHQL

VąF]áRQNRZLHGDQHMZVSyOQRW\=RE3OLVLHFNLÄ6WDQGDUG\ĞZLHFNRĞFL´

16

2 UĊNRMPL WUZDáRĞFL ZSURVW PyZL SUDZR QLHPLHFNLH ] W\P ĪH Z SUDZLH W\P QLH

SU]HZLG]LDQR RGUĊEQHJR UHMHVWUX GOD ]ZLą]NyZ Z\]QDQLRZ\FK =ZLą]NL Z\]QDQLRZH

Z W\P NUDMX EąGĨ X]\VNXMą VWDWXV NRUSRUDFML SUDZD SXEOLF]QHJR EąGĨ ZSLV\ZDQH Vą GR

UHMHVWUXVWRZDU]\V]HĔOXEIXQGDFMLX]\VNXMąFRVRERZRĞüSUDZQąSUDZDSU\ZDWQHJR6]HU]HM

6áDZRPLU)XQGRZLF]2VRE\SUDZQHSUDZDSXEOLF]QHJRZSUDZLHQLHPLHFNLP /XEOLQ%8

.8/ PSVWHQĪHÄ3RGPLRWRZRĞüNRQVW\WXF\MQDRVyESUDZQ\FKSUDZDSXEOLF]QHJR

Z1LHPF]HFK´5RF]QLNL1DXN3UDZQ\FK  *HUKDUG5REEHUVÄ3DĔVWZR

LNRĞFLyáZ1LHPF]HFK´Z3DĔVWZRLNRĞFLyáZNUDMDFK8QLL(XURSHMVNLHM, red. Gerhard 5REEHUV :URFáDZ.RORQLD/LPLWHG :SUDZLHDXVWULDFNLPMDNRZ\PyJ

UHMHVWUDFML]ZLą]NXZ\]QDQLRZHJRZVSHFMDOQ\PUHMHVWU]HZ\PDJDVLĊÄ]DSHZQLHQLHXVWDQR-

ZLHQLDFRQDMPQLHMMHGQHMJPLQ\Z\]QDQLRZHM´±SU]H]FRUR]XPLHVLĊWDNąOLF]EĊF]áRQ-

NyZNWyUDJZDUDQWRZDáDE\WUZDáHLVWQLHQLHZVSyOQRW\=RE5LFKDUG3RW]L%ULJLWWH6FKLQ-

kele, 5HOLJLRQVUHFKW LP hEHUEOLFN :LHQ )DFXOWDV    Ä(NVSHUW\]D Z VSUDZLH

(8)

: NRQWHNĞFLH SRGMĊWHJR WHPDWX QDMLVWRWQLHMV]\P SUREOHPHP MHVW

WR ĪH RERZLą]XMąFH SU]HSLV\ QLH VDQNFMRQXMą Z VSRVyE MHGQR]QDF]- Q\Z\PRJXDE\ZQLRVNRGDZF\Z\ND]\ZDOLVZRMąSU]\QDOHĪQRĞüGR

UHMHVWURZDQHJR]ZLą]NXZ\]QDQLRZHJRFKRFLDĪ±]GDQLHP0:LQLDU- F]\N.RVVDNRZVNLHMLQWHQFMąXVWDZRGDZF\E\áR]DSHZQHDE\SRGSL- VXMąF\E\OLZ\]QDZFDPLGDQHMUHOLJLL1LH]RVWDáRWRMHGQDNZWHNĞFLH

XVWDZ\ Z\UDĨQLH Z\DUW\NXáRZDQH 7HJR URG]DMX Z\NáDGQLD SU]HSLVX

DUWXVWXVWDZ\]RVWDáDSU]\MĊWDSU]H]RUJDQUHMHVWURZ\:NRQVH- NZHQFML]DWHP]ZLą]HNZ\]QDQLRZ\PRĪH]RVWDü]DUHMHVWURZDQ\SU]H]

JUXSĊLQLFMDW\ZQąQLHZ\ZRG]ąFąVLĊVSRĞUyGMHJRF]áRQNyZ

17

.

UHMHVWUDFMLZVSyOQRWUHOLJLMQ\FKZ]JOĊGQLHLQQHMIRUP\ZSURZDG]DQLDW\FKSRGPLRWyZGR

REURWX SUDZQHJR Z Z\EUDQ\FK SDĔVWZDFK F]áRQNRZVNLFK 8QLL (XURSHMVNLHM Z\NRQDQD

SU]H]HNVSHUWyZSRZRáDQ\FKSU]H]3ROVNLH7RZDU]\VWZR3UDZD:\]QDQLRZHJR ´3U]HJOąG

3UDZD :\]QDQLRZHJR     : 5HSXEOLFH &]HVNLHM ZQLRVHN R SU]\]QDQLH

SUDZ V]F]HJyOQ\FK ]DUHMHVWURZDQHPX NRĞFLRáRZL OXE LQQHPX ]ZLą]NRZL Z\]QDQLRZHPX

]áRĪ\üPRĪQDJG\RG]DUHMHVWURZDQLDPLQĊáRFRQDMPQLHMODW±DSU]H]WHQF]DV]ZLą]- NLZ\]QDQLRZH]RERZLą]DQHVąGRVNáDGDQLDFRURF]Q\FKVSUDZR]GDĔ]HVZHMG]LDáDOQRĞFL

7HQ]NROHLZQLRVHNPXVLE\üSRSDUW\RU\JLQDOQ\PLSRGSLVDPLSHáQROHWQLFKRE\ZDWHOLDOER

FXG]R]LHPFyZ]SUDZHPVWDáHJRSRE\WXQDOHĪąF\FKGRXELHJDMąFHJRVLĊRWHSUDZD]ZLą]NX

Z\]QDQLRZHJRVWDQRZLąF\FKPLQLPXPSURPLORE\ZDWHOL5HSXEOLNL&]HVNLHM F]\OLRN

SRGSLVyZ Ä(NVSHUW\]D´:SUDZLHOLWHZVNLPX]QDQLHZVSyOQRWUHOLJLM- Q\FKPRĪHQDVWąSLüFRQDMPQLHMSRODWDFKRGLFKSLHUZV]HMUHMHVWUDFMLQD/LWZLH=RE

-RODQWD.X]QHFRYLHQHÄ3DĔVWZRLNRĞFLyáQD/LWZLH´Z3DĔVWZRLNRĞFLyáZNUDMDFK8QLL

(XURSHMVNLHMUHG*HUKDUG5REEHUV :URFáDZ.RORQLD/LPLWHG :5XPXQLL

]ZLą]NL Z\]QDQLRZH Z\VWĊSXMąFH R X]\VNDQLH VWDWXVX ]ZLą]NX Z\]QDQLRZHJR X]QDQHJR

PXV]ą Z\ND]Dü ĪH G]LDáDMą ]JRGQLH ] SUDZHP L QLHSU]HUZDQLH Z 5XPXQLL MDNR ]ZLą]HN

Z\]QDQLRZ\ FR QDMPQLHM RG  ODW RUD] PXV]ą SU]HGVWDZLü RU\JLQDOQą OLVWĊ F]áRQNRVWZD

REHMPXMąFąRE\ZDWHOLUXPXĔVNLFKPLHV]NDMąF\FKZ5XPXQLLZOLF]ELHFRQDMPQLHM

OXGQRĞFL RNRVyE =RE.U]\V]WRI2U]HV]\QD3RGVWDZ\UHODFMLPLĊG]\SDĔVWZHP

DNRĞFLRáDPLZNRQVW\WXFMDFKSDĔVWZF]áRQNRZVNLFKLWUDNWDWDFK8QLL(XURSHMVNLHM /XEOLQ

:\GDZQLFWZR.8/ 1D:ĊJU]HFKZDUXQNLHPX]QDQLDÄNRĞFLRáDGHQRPL- QDFMLOXEZVSyOQRW\UHOLJLMQHM´SU]H]SDUODPHQWMHVWZ\VWąSLHQLH]ZQLRVNLHPSRGSLVDQ\P

SU]H]FRQDMPQLHM MHGHQW\VLąF RVyE¿]\F]Q\FKRUD]VSHáQLHQLHV]HUHJXLQQ\FKNU\WH- ULyZDZW\PZ\ND]DQLHĪHGDQDZVSyOQRWDG]LDáDáDZVNDOLPLĊG]\QDURGRZHMSU]H]FR

QDMPQLHMODWOXEG]LDáDQD:ĊJU]HFKZ]RUJDQL]RZDQHMIRUPLHSU]H]FRQDMPQLHMODW

=REÄ(NVSHUW\]D´

17

1DSRGVWDZLHSRGSLVyZZQLRVNRGDZFyZNWyU]\QLHE\OLF]áRQNDPLUHMHVWURZDQHJR

]ZLą]NXZ\]QDQLRZHJRZSLVDQ\GRUHMHVWUXZ3ROVFH]RVWDá.RĞFLyá$QJOLNDĔVNL1DGPLH- QLü QDOHĪ\ LĪ UHMHVWUDFMD WHJR .RĞFLRáD GRNRQ\ZDáD VLĊ ZyZF]DV NLHG\ SU]HSLV\ XVWDZ\

Z\PDJDá\SRGSLVyZMHG\QLHZQLRVNRGDZFyZ-DNRZQLRVNRGDZF\SRGSLV\VZRMH]áRĪ\-

OLÄV\PSDW\F\´.RĞFLRáD$QJOLNDĔVNLHJR±Z\]QDZF\UyĪQ\FKZ\]QDĔSURWHVWDQFNLFK=RE

(9)

131

87:25=(1,(25$=5(-(675$&-$=:,Ą=.8:<=1$1,2:(*2

1LH]DOHĪQLHMHGQDNRGZROLXVWDZRGDZF\RUD]SU]\MĊWHMSU]H]RUJDQ

UHMHVWURZ\ SUDNW\NL ]ZUyFLü QDOHĪ\ XZDJĊ QD QDVWĊSXMąFą NZHVWLĊ

2E\ZDWHOH±]JRGQLH]DUWSNWXVWDZ\RJZDUDQFMDFK±NRU]\VWDMąF

]ZROQRĞFLUHOLJLMQHMPRJąWZRU]\üZVSyOQRW\UHOLJLMQH]ZDQHGDOHM

NRĞFLRáDPLLLQQ\PL]ZLą]NDPLZ\]QDQLRZ\PL:VSyOQRW\WH]DNáDGD- QHVąÄZFHOXZ\]QDZDQLDLV]HU]HQLDZLDU\UHOLJLMQHM´=DWHPLVWRWDWHJR

SUDZDSROHJDJHQHUDOQLHQDW\PLĪF]áRZLHNNWyU\SRVLDGDRNUHĞORQH

SU]HNRQDQLDUHOLJLMQH ZLHU]HQLD PRĪHZFHOXLFKZ\]QDZDQLDáąF]\ü

VLĊ ]H ZVSyáZ\]QDZFDPL RUD] WZRU]\ü IRUPDOQH VWUXNWXU\ ]ZLą]NL

Z\]QDQLRZH RUJDQL]XMąFZWHQVSRVyELOHJDOL]XMąFG]LDáDOQRĞüRVyE

SRVLDGDMąF\FKWHVDPHZLHU]HQLD-DNNROZLHNSUDZRSDĔVWZRZHPRĪH

GRSXV]F]DüPRĪOLZRĞüÄV\PSDW\]RZDQLD´]SU]HGVWDZLFLHODPLLQQ\FK

ZLHU]HĔWRMHGQDNWHJRURG]DMXZVSLHUDQLHQLHPDĪDGQHJR]DNRU]H- QLHQLDZZROQRĞFLUHOLJLMQHML]ZROQRĞFLWHMQLHZ\QLND=DWHPSU]HSLV

DUWXVW±MDNRSU]HSLVRFKDUDNWHU]HSURFHGXUDOQ\P±QLHPRĪH

ZWDNLHMIRUPLHRVWDüVLĊQDSU]\V]áRĞü-HJRLVWQLHQLHQLHPDERZLHP

ĪDGQHJRX]DVDGQLHQLDPDWHULDOQRSUDZQHJRLQLHPDĪDGQHJR]ZLą]NX

z uprawnieniem o jakim mowa w art. 2 pkt 1 ustawy o gwarancjach.

De lege ferenda QDOHĪ\ ]DWHP SRVWXORZDü DE\ ZQLRVHN R UHMHVWUDFMĊ

SRFKRG]LáRGZ\]QDZFyZF]\OLRGF]áRQNyZGDQHMZVSyOQRW\UHOLJLM- QHM3U]\UHDOL]DFMLWHJRSRVWXODWXPRJąMHGQDNSRMDZLüVLĊG\OHPDW\

NRQVW\WXF\MQHZ]ZLą]NX]GHNODURZDQ\PZDUWXVW.RQVW\WXFML

53SUDZHPGRQLHXMDZQLDQDĞZLDWRSRJOąGXSU]HNRQDĔUHOLJLMQ\FKOXE

wyznania.

WNIOSKI

, 7ZRU]HQLH ]ZLą]NyZ Z\]QDQLRZ\FK RUD] F]áRQNRVWZR Z ]ZLą]- NDFKZ\]QDQLRZ\FKVWDQRZLąSU]HMDZZROQRĞüUHOLJLMQHM

,, 6NRUR UHMHVWUDFMD ]ZLą]NX Z\]QDQLRZHJR MHVW IRUPą MHJR OHJDOL- ]DFML WR SURFHV WHQ VáXĪ\ SRV]HU]HQLX PRĪOLZRĞFL RGG]LDá\ZDQLD

0DáJRU]DWD:LQLDUF]\N.RVVDNRZVND3DĔVWZRZHSUDZRZ\]QDQLRZHZSUDNW\FHDGPLQL-

VWUDF\MQHM :DUV]DZD6FKRODU 

(10)

]ZLą]NXZ\]QDQLRZHJRZVIHU]HUHOLJLMQHMDW\PVDP\PSRV]HU]H- QLXPRĪOLZRĞFLZ]DNUHVLHNRU]\VWDQLD]ZROQRĞFLUHOLJLMQHM

,,,:ROQRĞü UHOLJLMQD NROHNW\ZQD PD VZRMą SRGVWDZĊ Z ZROQRĞFL

UHOLJLMQHM LQG\ZLGXDOQHM D WUHĞFLą SUDZD GR WZRU]HQLD ]ZLą]NyZ

Z\]QDQLRZ\FKXF]HVWQLFWZDZQLFKRUD]NV]WDáWRZDQLDLFKSR]\FML

SUDZQHM MHVW SUDZR GR RUJDQL]RZDQLD VLĊ RVyE R LGHQW\F]Q\FK

przekonaniach religijnych.

,9 1LH VWDQRZL SU]HMDZX ZROQRĞFL UHOLJLMQHM UHMHVWUDFMD ]ZLą]NX

Z\]QDQLRZHJRGRNRQDQDQDZQLRVHNÄV\PSDW\NyZ´GDQHMZVSyO- noty religijnej.

9 5HMHVWUDFMD ]ZLą]NX Z\]QDQLRZHJR ZLQQD E\ü GRNRQ\ZDQD QD

ZQLRVHN VDPHJR ]ZLą]NX Z\]QDQLRZHJR OXE QD ZQLRVHN F]áRQ- NyZWHMZVSyOQRW\7\ONRWDNDSURFHGXUDVWDQRZLüPRĪHSU]HMDZ

JZDUDQFMLZROQRĞFLUHOLJLMQHM

BIBLIOGRAFIA

%LHOHFNL 0DUHN Ä:ROQRĞü UHOLJLMQD´: /HNV\NRQ SUDZD Z\]QDQLRZHJR ±

 SRGVWDZRZ\FK SRMĊü UHG $UWXU 0H]JOHZVNL  :DUV]DZD

C.H.Beck, 2014.

Ä(NVSHUW\]D Z VSUDZLH UHMHVWUDFML ZVSyOQRW UHOLJLMQ\FK Z]JOĊGQLH LQQHM

IRUP\ZSURZDG]DQLDW\FKSRGPLRWyZGRREURWXSUDZQHJRZZ\EUDQ\FK

SDĔVWZDFK F]áRQNRZVNLFK 8QLL (XURSHMVNLHM Z\NRQDQD SU]H] HNVSHU- WyZ SRZRáDQ\FK SU]H] 3ROVNLH 7RZDU]\VWZR 3UDZD :\]QDQLRZHJR ´

3U]HJOąG3UDZD:\]QDQLRZHJR  

)XQGRZLF]6áDZRPLUÄ3RGPLRWRZRĞüNRQVW\WXF\MQDRVyESUDZQ\FKSUDZD

SXEOLF]QHJRZ1LHPF]HFK´5RF]QLNL1DXN3UDZQ\FK  

.UXNRZVNL -y]HI 3ROVNLH SUDZR Z\]QDQLRZH :DUV]DZD :\GDZQLFWZD

Prawnicze PWN 2000.

.X]QHFRYLHQH-RODQWDÄ3DĔVWZRLNRĞFLyáQD/LWZLH´:3DĔVWZRLNRĞFLyá

Z NUDMDFK 8QLL (XURSHMVNLHM UHG *HUKDUG 5REEHUV  :URFáDZ

Kolonia Limited, 2007.

0DMFKU]DN%DUWRV]Ä&KDUDNWHUSUDZQ\ZSLVXGRUHMHVWUX]ZLą]NyZZ\]QD-

QLRZ\FK´3U]HJOąG3UDZD:\]QDQLRZHJR  

(11)

133

87:25=(1,(25$=5(-(675$&-$=:,Ą=.8:<=1$1,2:(*2

0LV]WDO +HQU\N Ä,GHD ZROQRĞFL UHOLJLMQHM´ : 3UDZR Z\]QDQLRZH, red.

+HQU\N0LV]WDOL3LRWU6WDQLV]/XEOLQ6DQGRPLHU]:\GDZQLFWZR

Diecezjalne 2003.

0LV]WDO+HQU\NÄ.RQVW\WXF\MQHJZDUDQFMHZROQRĞFLVXPLHQLDLUHOLJLL´:

Artur Mezglewski, Henryk Misztal, i Piotr Stanisz, 3UDZR Z\]QDQLRZH

:DUV]DZD&+%HFN

Orzeszyna, Krzysztof. 3RGVWDZ\ UHODFML PLĊG]\ SDĔVWZHP D NRĞFLRáDPL

Z NRQVW\WXFMDFK SDĔVWZ F]áRQNRZVNLFK L WUDNWDWDFK 8QLL (XURSHMVNLHM

/XEOLQ:\GDZQLFWZR.8/

3OLVLHFNL0DUHNÄ6WDQGDUG\ĞZLHFNRĞFLSU]\UHMHVWURZDQLX]ZLą]NyZZ\]QD- QLRZ\FK´:6WDQGDUG\EH]VWURQQRĞFLĞZLDWRSRJOąGRZHMZáDG]SXEOLF]- Q\FKUHG$UWXU0H]JOHZVNLL$QQD7XQLD/XEOLQ:\GDZQLFWZR

KUL, 2013.

Plisiecki, Marek. :\]QDQLRZD RVRED SUDZQD Z SUDZLH SROVNLP:DUV]DZD

Wydawnictwo Naukowe Semper, 2013.

5REEHUV*HUKDUGÄ3DĔVWZRLNRĞFLyáZ1LHPF]HFK´:3DĔVWZRLNRĞFLyá

Z NUDMDFK 8QLL (XURSHMVNLHM UHG *HUKDUG 5REEHUV  :URFáDZ

Kolonia Limited, 2007.

3LHWU]DN 0LFKDá 3UDZR Z\]QDQLRZH :DUV]DZD :\GDZQLFWZD 3UDZQLF]H

3:1

6WDQLVáDZVNL 7DGHXV] )LQDQVRZDQLH LQVW\WXFML Z\]QDQLRZ\FK ]H ĞURGNyZ

SXEOLF]Q\FKZ3ROVFH/XEOLQ:\GDZQLFWZR.8/

:LQLDUF]\N.RVVDNRZVND 0DáJRU]DWD 3DĔVWZRZH SUDZR Z\]QDQLRZH

ZSUDNW\FHDGPLQLVWUDF\MQHM:DUV]DZD6FKRODU

=LHOLĔVNL 7DGHXV] - Ä3RMĊFLH UHOLJLL Z\]QDQLD ]ZLą]NX Z\]QDQLRZHJR

LNRĞFLRáDZ.RQVW\WXFML5]HF]\SRVSROLWHM3ROVNLHM´:Prawo i religia, WUHG7DGHXV]-=LHOLĔVNL:DUV]DZDEZ

THE ESTABLISHMENT AND REGISTRATION OF A RELIGIOUS DENOMINATION AS MANIFESTATION

OF RELIGIOUS FREEDOM

Summary

In this publication the author makes the following arguments. As the regis-

tration of a religious denomination in Polish law is a form of its legalization

E\EHFRPLQJDOHJDOHQWLW\WKDWSURFHVVEURDGHQVWKHLQÀXHQFHRIDUHOLJLRXV

(12)

denomination in the religious sphere, thereby broadening religious freedom.

The registration of a religious denomination made on the basis of an applica- WLRQIRUUHJLVWUDWLRQ¿OOHGE\³VXSSRUWHUV´RIDUHOLJLRXVFRPPXQLW\ LWKDSSHQV

PRUHWKDQRIWHQLQ3ROLVKUHJLVWUDWLRQRI¿FHV LVQRWDPDQLIHVWDWLRQRIUHOLJLRXV

freedom. Registration of a religious denomination must be undertaken at the request of the religious organization itself or at the request of members of this community. Only such a procedure could be a sign of guarantee of religious freedom.

7áXPDF]HQLH$QQD6LHUDG]ND:DZU\V]F]XN .H\ ZRUGV UHOLJLRXV IUHHGRP WKH UHJLVWUDWLRQ RI UHOLJLRXV GHQRPLQDWLRQV

State-Church relations, freedom of conscience and religion, churches and other religious denominations

6áRZD NOXF]RZH ZROQRĞü UHOLJLMQD UHMHVWUDFMD ]ZLą]NyZ Z\]QDQLRZ\FK

UHODFMH 3DĔVWZR ± .RĞFLyá ZROQRĞü VXPLHQLD L Z\]QDQLD NRĞFLRá\ L LQQH

]ZLą]NLZ\]QDQLRZH

Cytaty

Powiązane dokumenty

Let CX be the cone over a space X and CX ∨CY be the one-point union with two points of the base spaces X and Y being identified to a point.. The fundamental group of the

RG]ZLHUFLHGODMą ]DFKRZDQLH RUD] SR]LRP RVLąJQLĊW\FK XPLHMĊWQRĞFL Z

3.8 3RGF]DVRWZLHUDQLDREXGRZ\OXEGHPRQWD*XF] FL±]Z\MWNLHPV\WXDFML JG\ MHVW WR PR*OLZH U F]QLH ± PRJ ]RVWDü RGVáRQL WH HOHPHQW\ SU]HZRG]FH SUG 3RG QDSL FLHP PRJ UyZQLH* SR]RVWDZDü

Z\ND]DQHM SU]\ Z\NRQDQLX ]DGD $NW\ZQRü VWXGHQWD RFHQLD SURZDG]F\ üZLF]HQLD ODERUDWRU\MQH 2SyQLHQLH Z RGGDQLX SURJUDPyZ PR*H SRZRGRZDü REQL*HQLH RFHQ\ ] üZLF]H

[r]

Natomiast do mocnych stron przynależności do subkultury Emo zda- niem badanych należy: przykuwanie uwagi innych: „…jestem inna od wszyst- kich i  jestem z  tego powodu

the latter and Religious Studies is developing quickly and massively . Spatial themes rank among the prominent themes of Global Religious

It is grounded in both common and statute law and is altered from time to time by statute or by measure, a form of legislation initiated by the Church of England but requiring