• Nie Znaleziono Wyników

Widok Лингвостилистический аспект интерпретации эгоцентрических текстовых структур

N/A
N/A
Protected

Academic year: 2021

Share "Widok Лингвостилистический аспект интерпретации эгоцентрических текстовых структур"

Copied!
15
0
0

Pełen tekst

(1)

Hu1-t2eocmuJZucmu1.JecKuu acneKm

u1-tmepnpemaif,uu 320'lf,e1-tmpu1.JecKux

meKcmoebzx cmpyKmyp

EBf'EHH51 A. f'OH1IAPOBA

(

CaHKm-Il emep6yp2)

O;::i:HO H 113 x a p a KTepHbI X TeH.n:eHI . .{ 11 H B p a 3 B l1Tl111 COBpeM eHHOH Jll,fHrBHCTl1Kl1 MO)KHO C1-IHTaTh nOBhIWeHHhIH HHTepec 11ccne.n:0BaTeJieH K pa3Jil1'-1Hh!M cpopMaM npo.srnneHl151 B 513b!Ke ero YH11BepcaJibHOH op11eHTH­ poBaHHOCTl1 Ha CBoero C03;::i:aTeJI51 11 HOCl1TeAA - 'łeJIOBeKa. B Hay'łHOM 0611xo.n:e Jll1HrBHCTOB .n:ocTaTO'łHO npO'łHO yKpen11JIHCb TaK11e nOHHTl15l KaK anTponoueuTpHlM 11 JroueuTpHlM. Eonee Toro, no.sIBl1JIOCh .n:a)Ke HOBoe o6o3Ha 1IeH11e no.n:o6ttoro no,n:xo.n:a K 113yą eH1110 .sIBJieH11H 513hIKa, np11 K O T O p O M Bee 513bIK OBbi e npol..{eCCbl p a c c M a Tp 11B aIO T C .ll C n0311 1..{11H «npHCBOeHl151» 11 X 'łeJIOBeK O M , - aHmponoJI.UH28UCmUKQ. B o3Hl1KHYB Bcne.n:cTBJ.-le «nocTeneHHoił 11 sceoxsaTbIBaIOll(eił aHTponoopHeHTal..{1111 JIJ.-1H­ rB11cT11ąecK11x 11ccne.n:0BaHHH», aHTpOnOJil1HrBl1CTl1Ka «113yąaeT 513b!K C y'łeTOM TOH AOMl1H11pyIOll(e pOJIH, KOTopa.sI np11Ha,n:Jie)Kl1T nopo)K.n:a10ll(eMy 11 J.-1HTepnpeT11pyroll(eMy ero ąenoseKy» (XoM.sIKOBa 2002: 3-4).

Ecm1 cornac11TbC.ll C aBTOHOMHbIM CTaTycoM aHTpOnOJIHHrBHCTHKH KaK o6na CTH 513bI K 0 3HaHH51 , npe.n:naraIOll(eH HOBhie 11 ccne,n:0BaTeJihCKHe MeTO.ll:HKl1, XOTSI JTO MO)ł(HO no;::i:BeprHyTh onpe.n:eneHHhlM COMHeHJ.-1.llM, TaK KaK AJijl 513blK03HaHI-rn B l..{eJIOM 11 AJI.ll pOCCHHCKoro, B 'łaCTHOCTH, no CJIOBaM

,D,.H.

llIMeneBa, «HHKor.n:a He 6bIJIO Tru<oił c11Tyal..{1111, Kor.n:a 11ccne,n:0Banach 6bl 'XHMH'łeCKH 'łHCTa.sI ' CTpYKTypa 513hJKa, 11 .n:a)Ke BO speM eHa ysJie'łeHH.ll 'łHCTO CTpyKTypHblM H o n 11caHJ1j{Ml1 jl3b! K a 3 TH n oc n e,n:HHe B c er.n:a yp aBHOB eIIJHBaJIHCb 11c cne.n:0BaHH.llMH, Bhl.ll:BHr aIOll(l1 M l1 pO Jib

(2)

BeLJeCKOro cpaKTOpa MH 513bIKOBOH .uei1CTBl1TeJibHOCTl1, .ua 11 C3M11 BOJIHbl cTpyKTypan113Ma HB111111cb B 113BeCTHOH Mepe He1136e)l(HOH peaKQ11ei1 Ha BYJibrapHO-COQHOJIOrHLJeCKl1e pa60TbI» (lllMeJieB

1 989: 4-5),

TO cne.uyeT np113H3Tb np1rna,L(Jie)l(HOCTb K 3HTponoJIHHrBHCTl1Ke B nepByIO OLJepe}:(b Tex HCCJie,L(OBaHl1H, KOTOpbre nOCBHIJJ.eHbl TaK Ha3bIBaeMbIM 3roQeHTpHLJeCKl1M 513bIKOBbIM 11 peLJeBbIM e,L(HHHQaM, TO eCTb CJIOBaM H BbICKa3bIBaH11HM, HM eIO IJJ.11 M B C B O e H c e M a HT H K e 3 r O QeHTp 11 "1 eC K H e n p H 3 H a K l1 11 BbinOJIHHIOIJJ.11M cpyHKQHIO He TOJibKO YKa3 aHHH Ha rOBOPHI.U.ero, HO H Bbrpa)l(eHl151 ero M eHTaJibHO-nc11x11LJeCKl1X xapaKTepHCTHK . K aHTpO ­ nOJil1HTBl1CTHKe MO)l(HO OTHeCTH, HeCOMHeHHO, 11 11ccne}:(OB3HHH Tex yLJeHblX, KOTOpbie 113yLJaIOT npo6JieMbl aKTyaJIH3aQHl1 pa3Hb!X CTOpOH HOCl1TeJIH H3bIKa KaK «H3bIKOBOH JIHLJHOCTl1»

(f.M.

EornH,

IO.H.

KapaynoB,

M.II.

CycoB), ceMHOTHLJeCKHe H nparM aT11LJeCKHe acneKTbl cy61,eKTHO- 061,eKTHOH opraH113aQ1111 BbICKa3bIBaHHH

(H.,ll

ApynoHoBa,

E.C.

Ky6pHKOBa,

E.B.

Ila.uyLJeBa,

IO.C.

CTenaHOB 11 .up .).

B TO )l(e BpeMH aHTponoQeHTpHLJeCKHH no.uxo.u K HayLJHOMY on11caH11IO

513bIKOBbIX HBJieHl1H H npol.{eCCOB HBJIHeTCH HCXO}:(HbIM HMMaHeHTHbI M 11CCJie,L(OBaTeJibCKHM np11Hl.{HnOM

cmwzucmuKU KaK «pa3,L(eJia 513blK03HaHHH,

113yLJaIOI.U.ero Bbipa3HTeJibHbie cpe}:(CTBa 11 B03MO)l(H0CTH 513bIKa H 3aKOHO­ MepHOCTH cpyHKI..{HOHHpOBaHHH (11cnoJib30BaHHH) nocne.uHero B pa3JIH"!Hb!X ccpepax 06IJJ.eCTBeHHOH ,L(eHTeJibHOCTl1 H CHTyaQHHX 06IJJ.eHl151» (KO)l(HHa

2003 : 408),

nocKOJlbKY BCe l.{eJienonaraIOIJJ.He LJ3CTH ee HayLJHbIX HHTepeCOB (H «Bbipa3HTeJibHbie cpe}:(CTBa H B03M0)1(HOCTH 513b!Ka», H «3aKOHOMepHOCTH cpyHKI..{HOHHp OB aHH51 » 513bIKa «B pa3JII.P-IH bIX c cp epax 06IJJ.eCTB eHHO H ,L(eHTeJibHOCTH J,f CHTyaQHHX 06IJJ.eHHH») OpHeHTHpOBaHbl Ha LJeJIOBeKa, HCnOJib3YIOI.U.ero B CBOeH KOrHHTHBHO-peLJeBOH .ueHTeJibHOCTH 513b!K B KaLJeCTBe OCHOBHOro cpe}:(CTBa 06IJJ.eHHH H caMOBbipa)l(eHHH.

B

npoQecce CBoero pa3BHTJ,151 KaK aBTOHOMHOH o6naCTJ,f Jil1HrBHCTl1KH C co6CTBeHHbIM npe.uMeTOM H M eTO}:(aMH HayLJHoro aHaJIH3a COBpeMeHHa51 CTHJIHCTHKa npHWJia K OC03HaHHIO Toro, "!TO HaH6onee a.ueKBaTHOe HayLJHOe OITHCaHHe Bblpa3HTeJibHbIX noTeHI..{HH OT,L(eJibHbIX 513bIKOBbIX e}:(11HHI..{ H, oco6eHHO, 06IJJ.HX 3aKOHOMepHOCTeH HCITOJib30BaHH51 513bIKa B pa3JIH"!Hb!X ccpepax 06IJJ.eCTBeHHOH ,L(e51TeJibHOCTH H CHTyal.{H51X 06IJJ.eHHH B03MO)l(H0 JIH!llb Ha ypOBHe TeKCTa, TaK KaK LJeJIOBeK IT03HaeT caMoro ce651 H OKpy)l(aJOIJJ.lłH ero MHp, ocyIJJ.eCTBJIHeT BCe BH}:(bl CBOeH ,L(eHTeJibHOCTl1 11 06IJJ.aeTC51 C .upyrHMH B cpopMe TeKCTOB. Il03TOMY B Ha!llHX Cy)l(}:(eHH51X o Bbipa3HTeJibHbIX B03MO)l(HOCT51X H3bIKOBbIX e,L(HHHI..{, H 3,L(eCb B nepByIO

(3)

JluH28ocmwiucmut/ecKuu acneKm uHmepnpematfuu

. . .

EBrEHH.SI A. rOH4APOBA O'łepe,Ub cnoB H npeJJ,JIO)KeHHH, L(eHTpaJibHbIX HOMHH3THBHbIX H KOMMY­ HHKaTHBHhIX e,UHHHL( CHCTeMhl Sl3bIKa, Mbl ,UOJI)l(Hbl Y'łHTbJB3Tb HX .UHCTpH6yl.(HH npH BXO)K,UeHHH B HOBYIO CHCTeMy, «CHCTeMy TeKCTa», CTTHCOK H HepapXHSI ypOBHeH KOTOpOH HHbJe, 'łeM B CHCTeMe Sl3bIKa. TaK , Ha Tpa,UHL(HOHHO BbI,Uem1eMbie B .Sl3b!Ke JieKCH'łeCKHH, MOp<pOJIOrH'łeCKHH, CHHTaKCH'łeCKHH ypOBHH B KOMTTO3111..(HOHHO-apxHTeKTOHH'łeCKOM e,UHHCTBe TeKCTa Ha,UCTpaHBalOTCSI, KaK MHHHMYM, cy6beKTHO-pe'łeBOH (CB.Sl3aHHblH C BH,UaMH pe'łH: aBTOpCKOH ; «'ły)KOH» B cpopMe np.SIMOM, KOCBeHHOH, Heco6CTBeHHO-np.S!MOH pe'łH 11 T.,U . ) H KOMTT 03Hl.(110HHO-pe'łeBOH (npe,ucTaBJTSIIOl..l.(1111 pa3Hble cpyHKL(HOHaJibHO-CMblCJIOBbie THTThl pe'łH: C0061..L(eHHe, OTTHCaHHe, paccy)K,UeHHe H T.,U.}. 3TO o6ycJIOBJIHBaeT BO3MO)KHOCTb «nepeKpeCTHOro» B3aHMO,UeHCTBH.SI :rneMeHTOB pa3Hb!X YPOBHeH, a TaK)Ke HX ceMaHTH'łeCKOe nepeoCMblCJieHHe B KaYeCTBeHHO HOBOM QenoM - TeKCTOBOH CTPYKType.

IlpH 3TOM Ba)KHO no,uqepKHYTb el..L(e .uea o6CTO.S!TeJibCTBa, CB.Sl3aHHblX C aHTponol.(eHTpH'łeCKOH cyl..L(HOCTblO TeKCTa K8K Sl3b!KOBOrO o6pa30BaHH.SI. C O,UHOH CTOpOHbl, 6y,uyYH BKJIIO'łeHHbIMH B KOMTTO3HL(HOHHO-CMhlCJIOBOe e,uHHCTBO TeKCTa KaK COBOKYTTHOe OTpa)KeHHe HeKOH KOMMYHHKaTHB­ HO-nparMaTH'łeCKOH nO3HL(Hl1 HOCHTeJI.SI .Sl3bJKa (aBTOpa TeKCTa}, .Sl3bIKOBbie e,UHHH L(bl np1106peT aIOT xapaKTep o6.si3aTeJibHhlX 3JieMeHTOB ero apXHTeKTOHHKH, TTOCKOJibKY «KOHTeKCTyaJibHbie CB.S13H B onpe.ueneHHOM TeKCTe CO3,UaIOT )KeCTKYIO TKaHb, B KOTOpOH Ka)K,UbIH 3JieMeHT He TOJihKO npHB.Sl3aH K onpe.ueneHHOMy MeCTY B cpopMaJihHOH .Sl3bIKOBOH H CMbICJIOBOH CTpyKType, HO HCKJIIO'łaeT B0061..L(e KaKOH-JIH6o BapHaHT nepeMel..L(eHH.SI 6e3 BJIH.SIHHe Ha O.UHO3H8'łHOe Bocnp11sirne TeKcTa» (KonIIJaHCKHH

1980: 89).

C .upyroił CTOpOHbl, O,UHa H Ta )Ke .Sl3bIKOBa.SI e,UHHHl..(3 MO)KeT o6cJiy)KHBaTb B Ka)K,UOM OT,UeJibHOM BbICKa3bJBaHHl1 TeKCTa pa3HOe KOMMYHHKaTHBHOe 3a,U8HHe H aKTY8JTH3HpOBaTb pa3Hble CTOpOHhl CBOeH ceMaHTHKH, onpe.uerrHMbie J1Hlllh qepe3 TeKCTOBOe L(erroe. HttTerpal.(H.SI OT,UeJibHbIX ceM TeKCTOM KaK MHoroypOBHeBbIM CTPYKTyptto-ceMaHTH'łeCKHM e,UHHCTBOM CO3,UaeT oco6oe «CTHJ111CTH'łeCKOe 3Ha'łeH11e» 3TOH Sl3bIKOBOH e,uHHHL(hl B TeKcTe, TTOHHMaeMoe B no.uo6HOM cnyyae He TOJibKO KaK ee cnel.(HQ)H'łeCKa.SI 3MOL(HOHaJ1bHO-OL(eHO'łHa.SI HJIH yc11J1HTeJ1bH0-3M<paTH'łeCKa.SI OKpacKa, HO H KaK cnoco6HOCTb 6bITb 'łaCTblO 061..L(eH «CTHJTHCTH'łeCKOH HHQ)OpM81..(11H» TeKCTa.

«CTHJIHCTH'łecKa.si HHcpopMal.(11.si» npe,ucTaBrr.sieT co6oH «HacTpOHKy» 8BTOpa TeKCTa C TTOMOI..L(hIO oco6oro MOtJ,yca cI>opMyJiupoBaHHH CO3)l.aBaeMoro

1 77

(4)

TeKCTa Ha onyaQr,no ero B03HI1KHOBemrn I1 cpyHKQI10HI1pOBaHI151, I1HbIMM CJI O B a M M , Ha KOMMYHHKaTHBHYIO CHTy au,uro , B KOTOpOH HaXO.D,51TC51 roBOp51�MH M ero naprnepb1 no KOM MYHHKaQMM (Cp. Fleischer/Michel/Starke

1993: 2 1 -22;

roH1rnpoBa

1999: 146- 1 54).

Mo.n,yc cpopMyJIMpOBaHM51 TeKCTa 3 aKJIIO Y: a e TC 51 , B C B O IO O Y: e p e.D, b , B c n o c o 6 e peY: eBbI X .n, e H CTBM H , npe.n,npMHMMaeMbIX p eY:eBbIM cy6'heKTOM .D,JI51 .D,OCTM)l( eHM51 QeJIM npM nepe.n,ay:e co6CTBeHHb!X «KOHQenTyaJibHO-TeMaTMY:eCKMX yCTaHOBOK» (no A,u.MOHM

1985: 64)

M ycTaHOBJieHMM KOHTaKTa M B3aMMOnOHMMaHM51 co BTOpOH CTOpOHOH KOMMYHm<aQMM. AHTpOnOQeHTpMY:eCKMe no CBOeH cyTM CTMJIMCTMY:eCKMe I1HQ)OpMaQMI1 51BJI51lOTC51 MMnJ!HQMTHOH, conyTCTBYIO�eH, .n,onOJIHI1TeJibHOH Y:aCTblO o6�ej:j: TeKCTOBOH MHQ)OpMaQMM. Hecnoco6HOCTb

(1) a.n,pecaHTa 3aJIO)l(MTb B TeKCT CTI1JIMCTMY:eCKMe MHQ)OpMaQI,rn, a.n,eKBaTHbie

COOTBeTCTBYIO�ej:j: KOMMYHm<aTMBHOH CHTyaQMM, M

(2)

a.n,pecaTa MHTep­ npeTMpoB aTb M M elO�MeC51 B TeKCTe CTMJIMCTMY:eCKMe MHQ)OpM aQMM He npepbIBalOT aKT coo6�eHM51 M o6�eHM51 KaK TaKOBOH M He npen51TCTBYIOT nOHM MaHHIO TeMbI KOMM YHMKaQMM o6eI1MM ee CTOpOHaMM. 0.n,ttaKO, Y:eM 6onee K O M n eTeHTHa 513bl K O B a 51 JI MY:HO CTb B C B O e M OTHOill eHMM K KOMMYHMKaTMBHO MY KO.D.Y - 513bIKY, TeM 6onee OC513aeMbl B peY:eBOH TKaHM TeKCTa QeJiett a npaBJieHHO e B bip a)l(eHMe e10 3 H3HWH K O M M Y HHK3TH­ BHO-nparMaTMY:eCKOro MCnOJib30BaHM51 3Toro KO.D,a M o6�a51 «aHTpO­ noopMeHTMpOBaHH0CTb» TeKCTa, TeM o�yTMMee HH,11.HBH,IJ.yaJibHblH CTHJib a B T O p a TeK C T a , T e M n p o .n, y K T H B H e e e r o o 6 � e H M e c .n,p y r M M I1 KOMMYHHKaHTaMM M .D,e51TeJihHOCTb B QeJIOM. TeKCTbl, «CTMJIMCTI1Y:eCKI1 HeBhlpa3MTeJibHhie», He pearMpy10�I1e CBOeH cpopMOH Ha cneQMQ)MY:eCKMe ycJIOBM51 npoTeKaHM51 n03HaHJ,H! M o6�eHW51 C nOMO�blO 513bIKa, cnoco6HbI o6ecneY:MTb JIMillb ycpe.n,HeHHYIO MbICJIMTeJibHO-peY:eByIO .D,e51TeJihHOCTh Y:eJI O B e K a , JIM ill eHHYIO n p M 3 HaKOB (()l( I1B a 51 » , «e cTeCTB eHHa 51 » , I1 B onpe.n,eneHHOH Mepe 3aTpy.n,HMTb ero KOHTaKTbI C OKpy)l(alO�MM MMpOM.

TaKHM o6pa30M, aHTponoQeHTpI13M npMHa.D,Jie)l(MT K MHBapMaHTHbl M xapaKTepMCTMKaM JII06oro TeKCTa, TaK KaK OH Ha rny6MHHOM ypOBHe o np e.n,eJI 51eT xapaKTep OTHOilleHMH M e)l(.D,y

( 1 )

pe4eBhIM cy6'heKT O M ­ a.n,pecaHTOM, C03.D,3IO�MM TeKCT C QeJiblO perneHM51 onpe.n,eneHHOH npo6neMbl M MHQ)Op MHpOBaHM51 o HeH .n,pyrnx;

(2)

TeMOH/-aMM, COCTaBJI51lO�I1M I1 .n,aHHYlO npo6neMy (o6'heKT KOMMYHMKaQMM);

(3)

a.n,pecaTOM, npH3BaHHh!M npMH51Th yY:aCTMe B pa3perneHMM 3TOH npo6JieMbl. B xy.D,O)l(eCTB eHHhlX TeKCTax aHTponoQeHTpM3M npMo6peTaeT CBOIO a6COJIIOTHYIO cp o p M y , nocKOJihKY B H H X H rJtaBHOH TeMoił/-aMM, QeHTpaJibHb!M 06'beKT O M

(5)

Jlw12eocmUJ1ucmu'l.ecKuu acneKm w-tmepnpemattuu

. . .

EBrEHJ,151 A . rOH'lAPOBA

H306pa)KeHI151, srnm1eTCH '-leJIOBeK (nepCOHa)K/,l],eikTByIOl.l.(ee JII11..J;O) B CBOHX . MHoroo6pa3HhlX npO51BJieHI151X.

AHTpOTTOI.J:eHTpI13M ,l],eTepMHHHpyeT, ,l),arree, MO,ll,yc cpopMyrr11poBaHl1Sl TeKcTa 11 npe,ll,norraraeT no3TOMY np11 Hay'-IHOM onMcaHHH nocrre,ll,Hero BKJIIO"-leHHe B aHaJII13 HapH,ll,Y C l1HTepnpeTaI.J:11dr «'-IHCTO» 513hIKOBhIX 51BJie­ HI1H 11 e,l],HHHI.J: TaKHX napaMeTpOB TeKCTa, KaK 51BHhie 11JII1 CKpbITbie I.J:eJIH ero cp o p My JIHpOB a H l1 51 , cp y H K I.J:HOHaJih HO-KOM M YH HKa THB Ha51 o6rra CTh np11MeHeHI151, ycrrOBl151 CO3,l),aHI151 11 BOCTTp1151Tl1Sl TeKCTa (HCTOpH"-leCKHe, COQHaJibHbie, I1H,l],l1BI1,ll,yarrhHbie ), HHTepTeKCTyaJihHble CBSl311 C 11Hh!Ml1 TeKCTaMH 11 KO,l],aMH Bbipa)KeHI151 J,I T.,l],. ITp11Ha,l],Jle)Ka K TaK Ha3bIBaeMblM 3KCTparr11HrBl1CTI1"-leCKl1M cpaKTOpaM, KOTOpbie Hacrra11BaIOTC51 Ha co6-CTBeHHO JIHHrBHCTH'-leCKHe B npOI.J:ecce I1CTTOJih3OBaHI151 513hIKa '-leJIOBeKOM I1 BJII151IOT Ha Ka'-leCTBeHHhie xapaKTepHCTHKH TeKCTa (ero «CTHJieBbie "-lepTbI»), Ha3BaHHhie napaMeTpbl BXO,l],SIT, KaK I13BeCTHO, B KOMTTeTeHI.J:11lO CTHJIHCTHKH KaK "-laCTH «BHeurneił JIHHrBHCTHKH».

3rOI.J:eHTp113M 51BJI51eTC51 npOHBJieHHeM oco6oro BH,l],a aHTpOTTOI.J:eHTpI13Ma , np11 KOTOpOM HOCHTeJIH 513hIKa CO3,l],aIOT CBOH BhICKa3hIBaHI151 (B TOM '-lHCJie TeKCT) ,l],JIH Bbipa)KeHHH cneI.J:HQ)H"-leCKOro OTHOWeHHH K MHPY, coc­ pe,ll,OTO"-leHHOro Ha co6cTBeHHOM, l1H,l],I1BI1,ll,yarrhHOM ((5()) rOBOp511.l.(ero, T. e. 3rOI.J:eHTpI13M HaXO,l],11TC51 C aHTpOTTOI.J:eHTpI13MOM B rror11"-leCKOM OTHOWeHHH «'-laCTHOe - 061.l.(ee».

B

TO BpeMH KaK auTponou;euTpH3M TTO,ll,pa3yMeBaeT cy6-L eKTHOCTL BhICKa3bIBaHHH cpe,ll,CTBaMH 513h! K a , JroueuTpH 3 M TTO,l],'-lepKHBaeT HX cy6-i.eKTHBHOCTL.

IT pH 3TOM cy6'beKTHOCTh, npe,11,norraraH o6H3aTeJihHOe HaJIH"-IHe y JII06oro BhICKa3hIBaH11H CO3,ll,aBwero ero pe"-leBoro cy6'heKTa, ,ll,arreKo He Bcer,l],a CBSI3aHa C npOHBJieHHeM B aHTpOTTOQeHTp11"-leCKOH CTPYKType TeKCTa ero aBTOpa KaK nepCOHaJibHO onpe,ll,eJIHMOro JIHQa C HH,l],HBH,l],yarrhHO MapKHpO BaHHOH HHTeH I.J:HOHaJibHOCThIO . H a n p 11 M e p , B TeKCTax TTOBCe,l],HeBHOH KOMMYHHKaQHH B Ka"-leCTBe a,ll,pecaHTOB HeKoro C0061.l.(eHI1Sl MoryT BhlCTynaTb Q)HpMbl (peKJiaMa, 11HCTPYKI..J:I1I1 no np11MeHeHI1IO KaKorO-TO TOBapa, ,l],eJIOBbie OT"-leTbl I1 T.,ll,. ) , TTOJIHTH"-leCKHe 11 11Hhle 06'be,1J,I1HeHI151 (npe,ll,BhI6opHbie nrraKaThl, napTHHHbie nporpaMMhl ),f T.,ll,.); B TeKCTax cpe,ll,CTB MaCCOBOH, ,l],eJIOBOH KOMMYHHKaQHH - ,l],a)Ke npH nepcoHaJihHOM o6o3Ha"-leHHI1 aBTOpa TeKCTa - nocrre,l],HHH BhICTynaeT '-laCTO KaK HOCHTeJib onpe,ll,eJieHHOH COI.J:HarrbHO-nparMaTH'-leCKOH porr11 (,ll,HKTOp pa,l],HO I1JII1 TeJieBH,l],eHHSl, rrraBHhlH pe,ll,aKTOp/pe,ll,aK TOp ra3eThl , TTOJII1TI11łeCKI1H o6o3peBaTeJib, peKTop/,ll,eKaH/cTy,ll,eHT YHHBepCHTeTa ),f ,ll,p.),

(6)

K0T0pa.H HaKrra,n;bIBaeT orpaH11'-1eH11.H Ha Bb!pa)l(eH11e Jll1'-IHOH T0'-IKl1 3peHl1.H 11Jll1 on11paeTC.H B TeKCTe Ha 513b!K0Bbie cpe,n;CTBa, CB11,ll;eTeJibCTBYIOI..l.{11e 06 ee K0HBeHI.�110HaJibH0CT11 (Cp. Adamzik 2004: 83-94).

Cy6beKTl1BHOCTb KaK K0rHl1Tl1BH0-nparMaTl1'-leCKl1H napaMeTp TeKCTa Bcer.n;a CB.H3atta c 3Kcnrr111<aQ11eH B ero pe'-leBOM CTPYKType 11H,n;11B11.n;yarrbHOH 11HTeHQ110HaJibH0CTl1 11, KaK npaBl1JI0, rror11'-1eCKOH 11Jl11 3M0Q110HaJib­ H0-3KCnpecc11BHOM 0QeHKl1 3BT0pa no 0TH0WeH11lO K co.n;ep)l(a l..l.{eHCSI B TeKcTe 11HcpopMaQ1111. OHa npe.n;norraraeT no3T0MY paccrroeH11e ceMaH­ T11Ko-nparMaT11'-1ecKoH CTpyKTypbl QeHTparrbH0ro cy6beKTa TeKCTa Ha 11306pa)l(aJOI..l.{11H, T.e. coo61..l.{aJOI..l.{11H HeKyIO 11HcpopMaQ11IO o '-leM-T0, 11 11306pa)l(eHHb!H cy6beKT, TaK KaK AJISI '-111TaTeJI.H 3r0QeHTPl1'-leCK0ro TeKCTa o6beKTOM 1rncpopMaQl111 SIBJI.HJOTC.H He T0JibK0 cpaKTbl 11 SIBJieHM.H, o K0T0pblX coo61..l.{aeTCSI B TeKCTe, HO 11 caM aBT0p TeKCTa.

Ha116onee .HBH0e 0C03HaH11e ce6si 0,ll;H0BpeMeHH0 cy6beKTOM 11 o6beKTOM 11306pa)l(eHl1.H co CT0p0Hbl aBT0pa BbICKa3bIBaHl1.H np11cyl..l.{e, Hanp11Mep, TaKl1M 3r0QeHTPl1'-leCKl1M TeKCTaM KaK aBT0611orpacp11.H, 3aS1BJieH11e o np11eMe Ha pa6oTy, 06bS1BJieH11e o 3HaK0MCTBe 11, KaK TT0AB11A nocne,n;Hero, 6pa'-1HOe 06b.HBJieH11e. O6cny)l(11Ba.H pa3Hble cpopMbl COQ11aJibHOH ,n;e.HTeJibH0CTl1 11 K0MMYHl1KaTl1BHblX K0HTaKT0B CB0l1X C03,D;aTerreM , 3Tl1 B11Abl noBce,n;HeBHblX 3r0QeHTp11'-1eCKl1X TeKCT0B 0TJil1'-!aJOTCSI .n;pyr OT .n;pyra xapaKTep0M Jie)l(al..l.{eH B 11X 0CH0Be 11HTeHQ110HaJibH0CTl1 , a 0Ha, B CB0JO 0'-lepe,n;b, o6ycrroBJIMBaeT aKTyarr113aQ11JO B TeKCTOBOH CTPYKType onpe.n;erreHHb!X Jll1HrB0CTl1Jl11CTl1'-leCKl1X cpe,n;CTB.

TaK, aBT0611orpacp11.H cocpe,n;oTo'mBaeTcSI Ha nepe,mcrreH1111 BpeMeHHbIX 11 JI0KaJibHb!X noKa3aTeneH (,n;aTa 11 MeCT0 p0)1(,ll;eHl1SI, MeCTa np0)1(11BaHM.H, o6pa30BaHl1.H, pa60TbI), a TaK)l(e napaMeTp0B «M11Kp0MHpa» aBT0pa (po,n;11Ten11, ceMb.H 11 T.,n;.), CB.H3aHHbIX C ero 11HA11BMAyaJibHb!M pa3B11T11eM. I1parMaT11Ka '3r0QeHTp113Ma nposrnrrsieTC.H 3,D;eCb Jll1Wb B caM0M OT6ope cpaKTOB aBT0611orpacp1111, cnoco6ax MX K0MTT0H0BKl1 11 no.n;po6HOCTl1 113JI0)l(eHM.H.

B 3a.HBJieH1111 o np11eMe Ha pa6oTy Ha nepBbIH nrraH B ceMaHT11'-!ecK011 Cl1CTeMe TeKCTa Bbl,n;BMraJOTC.H nepcoHaJibHbie xapaKTep11CTl1Kl1 «.H»-aBT0pa, CB.H3aHHbie c cpyHKQ11.HMl1 cy6beKTa B npe.n;norraraeMoH ccpepe ero npocpecc110HaJibHOH ,n;e.HTeJibH0CTl1.

B

o6bSIBJieHl111 o 3HaK0MCTBe 11 6pa'-1HO M o6b.HBJieHl111 Ha ceMaHTl1KY Jl11HrB0CTl1JIMCTl1'-leCKl1X cpe.n;CTB nepC0HaJibHOM caM00QeHKl1 HaKJia,D;bIBaeTCSI K0HTaKT0YCTaHaBJil1BaJOI..l.{a.H cpyHKQ11.H. ,ll;Ba nocrre,n;HMX B11Aa TeKCT0B BbI,D;eJI.Hl0TC.H Ha cpoHe .n;pyr11x '.ff0QeHTp11'-1eCKl1X

(7)

Jlw-1.2eocmwiucmu'łeCKuu acneKm u1-1mepnpemai,uu . . . EBrEHHJI A . rOHlfAPOBA

TeKCTOB TaK)Ke Bb1pa)Kem,1eM B pe'-!eBOH TKaHH TeKCTa HCKJilO'-H!TeJibHO MeJIHOpaTHBHbIX caMOOI�eHOI< co CTOpOHbl HX aBTOpOB, a TaK)Ke BKJilO'-lem,eM B TeKCT QHTaT-MHeHHH Jq)yr11x JIHQ 06 aBTOpe coo6�eHHH.

AHaJIH3 o6bHBJieHHH o 3HaKOMCTBe KaK TeKCTOB 3rOQeHTpH'-leCKOfO nma B conocTaBHTeJibHOM 3THOKYJibTypHOM acneKTe noKa3bIBaeT, '-!TO H3-3a HaBH3bIBaeMoro COBeTCKOH 11.n:eo11or11eH B Te'-leHHe .AOJirHX JieT Ka)K.AOMY '-IJieHy o6�eCTBa .n:yxa OTpe'-leHHH OT HHTepecoB co6CTBeHHOro «H» B nOJib3Y KOJIJieKTHBH3Ma, a TaK)Ke OTCYTCTBHH Tpa.n;HQHH B COQHaJibHOH npaKTHKe 6pa4HbIX 06'bHBJieHHH, HX pyccKHe aBTOpbl B nep110.n: noHBJieHHH 3TOro THna TeKCTOB B cpe.n;CTBax MaCCOBOH HHcpOpMaQHH (npHMepHO C Ha'-!aJia 11 ,D;O KOHQa 90-x ro,n;oB npowe.n:wero CTOJieTHH) o6Hapy)KHBaJIH MeHbWYIO KpeaTHBHOCTb 11 6oJibillY IO c.n;ep)KaHHOCTb B cnoco6ax aBToxapaK­ Tep1naQHH, '-leM, HanpHMep, HeMQbl. 3Ta CHTyaQHH, O,D;HaKO, CTpeMHTeJibHO MeHHeTCH, KaK H yBeJIH'-IHBaeTCH npocTpaHCTBO, npe,n;OCTaBJIHeMoe nepHO,ll;H'-!eCKHMH MaCCOBb!MH 113.AaHHHMH Bb!Ille Ha3BaHHb!M BH.AaM TeKCTOB. Oco6eHHOCTH COQHyMa npOHBJIHIOTCH H B TeMaTH'-!eCKOH opraHH3aQHH o6'b5IBJieHHH o 3HaKOMCTBe: HX pycCKHMH aBTOpaMH '-!aCTO HCTT0Jlb3YIOTC5! TaKHe caMOOQeHKH KaK: «6e3 Bpe,D;Hb!X npHBbI'-le�», «He flbIO, He Kypro», «He cnoHcop», «6e3 )KHJIH�HbIX npo611eM», «Mory o6ecne'-IHTh ceMhIO» 11 Jq)., B TO BpeM5! KaK B HeMeQKHX 6pa4HbIX o6'bHBJieHH5IX '-la�e no.n;'-lepKHBaIOTCH «cnopTHBHOCTb», «xo6611», «pa3HOCTOpOHHOCTb HHTepecoB», «JII060Bb K nyTeUleCTBHHM» H T . .n;. HHTepeCHbIMH MH JIHHfBOCTHJIHCTH'-leCKOro aHaJIH3a 5!BJI5IIOTCH TaK)Ke cpe.n;crna Bb1pa)Kemrn B TeKCTOBOH CTpYKTYPe B03pacTHOH 11 reH,n;epHOH ( cp. KHpHJIHHa 2004: 195-2 2 1) npHHa.n;Jie)KHOCTH aBTOpOB Ha3BaHHblX 3rOQeHTpH'-leCKHX TeKCTOB noBce.n;HeBHOH KOMMYHHKaQHH.

OnHChIBaH aHTponoQeHTpH3M H 3rOQeHTpH3M KaK KOHCTPYKTHBHbie npHHQHflbl TeKCTa, HeJib3H He OTMeTHTb .n:anee, '-ITO OTJIH'-!aIOTC5! .n;pyr OT .n;pyra H JIHHrBOCTHJIHCTH'-leCKHe nyTH HX Bbipa)KeHH5! B CTPYKType BblCKa3bIBaHH5! H, COOTBeTCTBeHHO, cnoco6bI HX JIHHrBOCTHJIHCTH'-leCKOH HHTepnpeTaQHH. AHTponoQeHTpH3M np05IBJIHeTC5! B TeKCTe B COBOKYTTHOCTHX H3bIKOBbIX '.3JleMeHTOB, o6ycJIOBJieHHbIX BbIIlle Ha3BaHHbIMH aHTpono­ QeHTpH'-leCKHMH cpaKTOpaMH, HepapXH'-leCKOe B3aHMO.AeHCTBHe KOTOpb!X COJ.n;aeT BMecTe C 3THMH cpaKTOpaMH 06�11e Kat.JeCTBeHHbie xapaKTepHCTHKH TeKCTa, ero cmwieBble l/epmbl (B Tpa.AHQHOHHOH TepMHHOJIOrHH), HJIH - '-!TO, Ha Halli B3rJIH,D;, TO'-IHee - cmUJZeBble meKcmOBble OOMUHaHmbl, Hecy�He HMTTJIHQHTHYIO cmwiucmu'łeCKY/0 UHqJOpMai,u,o B TOM '-IHCJie H 06 aBTOpe BbICKa3bIBaHH5!1TeKCTa, He3aBHCHMO OT Toro, 5!BJI5!eTCH OH KOJIJieKTHBHblM

(8)

HJIB nepcoHaJibHblM JUILJ.OM. 3rou.eHTpl13M )l(e, 11MeH B OCHOBe H3blKOBOro ynoTpe6neHl1SI aBTOHOMl1Hau.1111 rOBops111�ero JIHU.a, a TaK)l(e ero TeKCTOBblH pecpepeHT - rrl1'rnoe MecTO11MeH11e 1-ro rr11u.a 11 op11eHT11poBaHHb1e Ha Hero 11HhJe 3rou.enTp nąecKue H3bJKOBhle e,lVfHHU.hl (.n:eHKTl1'-łeCK l1e CJIOBa 11 MeCTOl1MeH11H; nepcpopMaTl1BHbJe rnarOJibI; MOJJ:aJibHble rnarOJibl, CJIOBa 11 CJIOBOCO'łeTaHml; rnarOJibl MeHTaJibHOro 11 3MOU.11OHaJibHOro COCTOHHl1H, cp e.n:CTB a 3 M O U.11 O HaJi b H O - 3 K Cnpecc11BHOH ou.eHKl1 11 .n:p . } , co3.n:aeT «aBTOp113 OBaHHYIO» TeKCTOBYJO KOHCTPYK U.1110, CMblCJIOBaH 11Hq>OpMaU.11H KOTOpOH OCJIO)l(HeHa 3a CY:eT pean113au.1111 11HJJ:11Bl1JJ:YaJibHO OTMeY:eHHOro OTHOWeHl1lł K TeMe/-aM BbJCKa3bIBa HHlł peY:eBoro cy6beKTa. lil HbJ M H CJIOBaM11, B no.n:o6Hb!X TeKCTax 11cnOJib3OBaH11e 3rou.eHTpl1'łeCKl1X cpeJJ:CTB 3aKJIIOY:aeTCH B HX nocne.n:oBaTeJibHOH 11 CJ1CTeMaTl1'łHOH aKTyaJIH3aU.1111 (B CBeTe B3rJilłJJ:OB Ha aKTyan113au. 1110 11 ee onn0311U.110HHblH TeKCTOBbIH cpeHOMeH - aBTOMaT113au.1110 y'łeHblX TTpa)l(CKOH WKOJibl}, T.e. B yTOY:HeHl111 11 p a3Bl1Tl111 TeKCTOBOro CMblCJia 3Tl1X lł3 blKOBblX e.n:11H HU. 3a CY: eT 11 X pa.n:11aJibHOro B3al1M OJJ:eHCTBHH C npeJJ:bIJJ:YI.QHMl1 HJil1 no cne.n:y101.QHMl1 TeKCTOBblMH 3JieMeHTaMl1, a TaK)l(e B3al1MHOro ceMaHTl1KO-CTHJil1CTl1Y:eCKOrO no}].'łl1HeH11H )].pyr }].pyry.

CeMa HTl1KO-CTl1JIHCTHY:eCKHM u.eHTpOM, 11JIH «HJJ:epHOH» Sl3bIKOBOH e.n:11H11u.ei1, 3rou.eHTpl1'łeCKoro TeKCTa, onpe.n:enHIOI.QeH KOMnO311U.11OHHble oco6eHHOCTl1 TeKCTa, HBJIHeTCH npH 3TO M MeCTOHMeH11e 1 -ro n11u.a, BepHcpHu.11pyeMoe (11JIH He Bepmp111�11pyeMoe) onpe.n:eneHHblM 11 MeHeM B pe'łeBOH TKaHl1 TeKCTa. MecTOl1MeH11e 1 -ro JIHU.a o6na}].aeT «CeMaHTl1Y:eCKOH yH11KaJibHOCThIO», OTMeY:aeMOH MHor11M11 11ccne.n:osaTeJIHM11 (CM. BeHBeH11CT 1 974; Jlon,1aH 1 972; Tia.n:yY:eBa 1 985; CTenaHOB 1 98 1 ), H ceMaHT11Y:ecK11e HBJieHl1H, 06Hapy)l(11BaIOI.QHe 3TY YHHKaJibHOCTb, KaK OTMeY:aeT, Hanp11Mep,

E.B.

I1a}].yY:eBa, «MHOfO'łHCJieHHbl 11 pa3HOo6pa3HbI»: TaK, «BO MHOr11x KOHTeKCTax B npeAJIO)l(eHl111 .n:onycTl1MO ynorpe6neHHe TOJibKO 1 -ro n11u.a rnarona, 11 3aMeHa Ha He 1 -e n11u.o np11BOJJ:l1T K ceMaHTHY:ecKoH 11n11 .n:a)l(e K Cl1HTaKCl1'łeCKOH aHOMan1111 ( ecn11, Hao6opoT, .n:onyCTl1MO JII06oe JI11U.O, KpOMe 1 -ro, 3TO TaK)l(e CBHJJ:eTeJibCTByeT o nponrnonoCTaBJieHHOCTl1 1 -ro n11u.a 2-My 11 3-My OJJ:HOBpeMeHHO)» 11, .n:anee, (( BO MHOfl1X KOHTeKCTax, .n:onycKaIOI.QHX KaK 1 -e, TaK H He 1 -e JIHU.O, ynoTpe6neHHe 1 -ro JIHU.a MOJJ:11q>HU.11pyeT 3Ha'łeH11e KaKl1X-TO )J,pyr11x CJIOB B npeAJIO)l(eHHl1, T.e. 1 -e JI11U.O OKa3b!BaeT c neu.11cp H'łeCKOe ceMaHTHY:eCKOe BJil1HHHe H a CB O H KOHTeKCT» (Tia.n:y'łeBa 1 985: 1 3 6).

(9)

Jlw-12eocmW1ucmutJecKuii acneKm uHmepnpema14uu . . . EBrEHl1.R A. rOH4APOBA

Bbillle 0TMeąeHHbie CeMaHTl1K0-nparMaT11ąecK11e oco6eHHOCTl1 MeCT0-11MeHl1H I -ro rr11u.a npOHBJIHIOTCH 11 np11 ero cpyHKU,110H11pOBaHl111 B Ka qecTBe HJJ.epHoro :rneMeHTa KOMTT0311U,1111 3rou,eHrp11qecKoro TeKCTa. fIOBTOpHSICb B KaąecTBe 3KCnnl1U,11THOro rpaMMaT11ąecKoro cy6beKTa 11rr11 11Mnn11U,11THOrO peąeBoro cy6beKTa 6orrhllll1HCTBa npeJJ.JIO)KeH11M 3rou.eHrp11ąecKoro TeKCTa, OHO C03JJ.aeT «norre ceMaHTl1KO-CTl1Jil1CTl1qecKoro TeKCTOBoro HanpSl)KeHl1SI», 6 n a r o JJ.a P SI K O T O P o M y B T e K C T e ' B o - n e p B bi X' 11 e n O IT b 3 Y IO T C SI neKCl1KO-rp a M M aT11ąecK11 e cpop Mbl 11 Cl1HTaK c11 qecK11e K O HCTPYKU.1111, coąeTaIOI.l.l.11eCSI C 1 -M Jll1l.l,OM, 11, BO-BTOpbIX, M0,[{11(pl1U.11PYIOTCH 3HaąeHl1.H O TJJ.enbHbIX cnoB 11 u.err bI X npeJJ.nO)l(eHl1 M , B qacTHO CTl1, rnaronOB 3 M OU,11 0 H aJibHOro 11 M e H TaJihHOro COCTOSIHl1SI, M OJJ.aJibHbI X , nepcpo­ pMaTl1BHbIX rrraroJIOB, TaK Ha3bIBaeMbIX CJIOB co «CTepeocKon11qecKOM» ceMaHTl1KOM, «y KOTOpbIX on11caH11e CMhICna BKJilO'łaeT n1160 ynoM11HaH11e rOBOpSII.l.l.ero, rr1160 OTCbIITKY K rr11u.y' C tteo6X0,[{11MOCTbIO OTJil11-IHOro OT rOBOPHI.l.l.ero» (fiaJJ.ylJeBa

1 985: 139- 1 40).

ITp11BeJJ.eM B KalJeCTBe np11Mepa cpparMeHT 113 neKu,1111 11.A. DOJJ:Y3Ha JJ.e KypTeHe:

B cerOAHllWHei1 o6ll.lei1 xapaKTepHCTHKe Hawei1 HayKH 11 nocmapa10cb npe;Jl('Oe ecezo onpeAeJIHTb ee rpaHHUbI, noKaJas, I ) '-I ero OT Hee Henb3ll O)l(HAaTb 11 2) '-!TO HMeHHO COCTaBnlleT ee CYll.\HOCTb, - H nOTOM

nocmapaiOCb onpe.n.enHTb npHpo.n.y

o6b eKTa 3TOH HayKH, T.e. npHpo.n.y ll3bIKa. Cne.n.o'saTeJibHO, MOJ/ neKUHll pacna,LJ;aeTCll Ha ABe '-!acrn . . . (311H,uep 1 998: 95-96).

KaK 113BeCTHO, JII060M HaylJHbIM TeKCT npeTeHJJ.yeT Ha 06beKTl1BHOCTb npe,n;cTaBneHl1SI paccMarp11BaeMOM B HeM npo6neM aTl1Kl1. O,n;HaKO, Bb!H0CSI B «C11JihHYIO» HaqaJibHYIO TT0311U.11IO TeKCTa neKU,11H ,[{Ba)KJJ.bl K0HCTPYKU.HIO Jl nocmapalOcb onpeoeJIUmb, ytJeHbIH He TOJibKO Ha3bIBaeT CBOIO nparMa­ Tl1lJeCKYIO n0311U,11IO B pellleHl111 nocTaBneHHOM npo6neMhl, HO 11 Hacrpa11saeT cnylllaTeneif H a socnp11S1T11e cBoero, «cy6beKTHO onpeJJ.eneHHoro» 11 cy6beKTMBHOro, B3rJISIJJ.a Ha cospeMeHHOe eMy COCTOSIHMe Sl3bIK03HaHl1SI. Erraro.n;apSI 3TOM Y cnylllaTerr11 BOBJieKaIOTCSI B TT03HaH11e o6beKTl1BHbIX HayqHb!X 11CTMH, HO C TOąKM 3peHl1.H 11 B rrorMKe, npeJJ.JiaraeMOH rreKTOpOM . Cne.n;yeT OTMeTMTb, O,[{HaKo, lJTO 3fOU,eHTp11lJeCKl1e pe'IeBbie cpopMbl B HayąHOM TeKCTe, KaK npaBl1JIO, 11rpaIOT pOJib ero 3KCTT0311TMBHbIX 3JieMeHTOB c ceMaHTl1KOM cy6beKTl1BHOM M0JJ.aJibHOCTl1, npe,lU3apSIIOI.l.l.MX KOHCTaTaU,MIO onpeJJ.eneHHoro HayąHoro nono)KeHMSI, a caM 3rou,eHTp113M B 3TOM BM,n;e TeKcTa BbICTynaeT He KaK «cocpeJJ.OTOlJeHHOCTb Ha csoeM 11HJJ.11Bl1JJ.YaJibHOM

(10)

Jl, KOTopaH o6bl'łHO npHCYTCTByeT B ero onpe,ueneHHHX, a KaK O,UHO H3 npOHBITeHHH «aBTOpH3aQHH», T.e. Bbipa)KeHHH cy6beKTHBHOH TOąKH 3peHHH.

lOBOpH O MeCTOHMeHHH Jl KaK H,UepHOH KOMIT03HQHOHHO-CMbICJIOBOH e,UH HHQe 3rou;ettTp HąecKoro TeKCTa B IT OBCe,n:HeBHOH KOM MYHHKaQHH, OTMeTHM oco6o TaKOH BHA COBpeMeHHblX peKnaMHhlX TeKCTOB - o6bHBITeHHH O KaKOH-TO npocpeCCHOHaJibHOH ycrryre, B KOTOpb!X 3TO MeCTOHMeHHe cpopMaITbHO OTCYTCTByeT, 3rOQeHTPHąecKaH OpHeHTHpOBaHHOCTb TeKCTa, O,UHaKO, npH 3TOM HeCOMHeHHa. Otta C03,UaeTCH C nOMOI.QbFO HHOrO K O M M Y HHKanrnHoro K O.n.a : BH3yarrbHOH npe3eHTaQHH aBTOpa B ero cp oTorp a cp H H . f'p a qr n ą e c K H H )Ke TeKCT, ,n:eMO HCTpHpyH QlHKTHB H O e «oTąy)K,UeHHe» OT nepcottanhHOCTH BbICKa3b!BaHHH, ,uaeT B TO )Ke BpeMH npeyBerr11ąeHHOe nepeą11crrett11e npocpecCHOHaJibHblX H HHblX AOCTOHHCTB peKnaMo,ll,aTeITH C ero co6cTBeHHOH ToąKH 3peHHH. IlpHBe,UeM B KaąecTBe npHMepa cne.n.yFOI.QHH TeKCT peKJiaMHOro 06bHBITeHHH: (cneBa BBepxy Ha­ XO,ll,HTCH cpoTOrpacpHH)

CBETJIA51 CMJIA )].OSPA

JIAPHCA

CTAPEMWA51 TTETEP5 YPfCKA51

51CHOBH,l],511..1..J.A51

H ME,l],HYM

To•rnoe onpe.uerrett11e c yKa3att11eM

npH'lHH HeBe3eHHSI 11 O,łlHHO'leCTBa

BCEBH,l],511..1..J.EE OKO

-

CB513b C TTOTYCTOPOHHHM

MHPOM )],YXOB H AHfEJIAMHXPAHHTEJI51MH

-,ll,OCTOBEPHOE TTPE)],CKA3AHHE

IlpHBe,ll,eHHhIH TeKCT MO)KHO onpe.n.enHTb KaK TeKCT C HMITITHQHTHO Bhipa)KeHHhIM 3rou;eHTPH3MOM, nocKOIThKY OTCYTCTBHe B peąeBoił CTPYKType peKnaMHOro TeKCTa 3rou;eHTp11ą ecK HX H3hlKOB hl X cpe,UCTB HBITHeTCH cne,UCTB H e M M a H H n ynHTH B H hl X p e ą eBhlX o n e p a Q H H ,ll,ITH y c 11 n e H H H 3BH,ll,eHTHOCTH ( oąeBH,ll,HOCTH) H nepcya3HBHOCTH (B03,UeHCTBHH Ha a,upecaTa c u;enbFO no6y)K,ll,eHHH ero K onpe,n;eneHHbIM TT0CTKOMMYHHK aTHBHhlM .n.eHCTBHHM) co.n.ep)Kal.QHXCH B HeM yrnep)K,UeHHH. Ee3 H3MeHeHHH o6beMa H xapaKTepa HH<pOpMaQHH TeKCTa ero MO)KHO nepecppa3HpoBaTb B cyry6o 3rou;eHTpHąecKyIO CTPYKTypy:

«Jl, Jlapuca,

- CBeTnaH CHITa ,uo 6 p a , C T a p e H lll a H n e T e p 6 y p r c K a H H C H 0 B H ,ll, H I.Q a H 11 M e .LI.H Y M ,

(11)

Jlw-t2eocmUJ1ucmu1./,eCKuu acneKm u1-tmepnpemaif.UU

...

EBrEHl-151 A . rOH4APOBA

2apa1-tmupy10/06ecne1./,UBa10 T0'łH0e onpe.n:enem-1e c yKa3aHHeM npH'łHH HeBe3eHHSI H 0.D:HH0'łeCTBa . . . H T . .n:.».

K

3r0QeHTpHąeCKHM TeKCTaM nosce.n:HeBHOM KOMMYHHKaQHH MoryT 6hITb OTHeCeHbl H Te BH.D:bl TP8YPHhIX o6'bS!BJ1eHHH, B KOTOpb!X KOHCTaTaQHSI cpaKTa C M epTH KaKOrO-TO Jl HQa npOHCXO.D:HT C TO'ł K H 3peHHSI .n:p yroro/-Hx (Ha3BaHHhlX B TeKCTOBOM CTpyKType) JlHU. H SIBJ1SleTCSI TaKHM o6pa30M ny6J1H'łHblM npH3HaHHeM B onpe.n:eneHHbIX cpaMHJlbHb!X HJ1H nepcoHaJlbHbIX OTHOWeHHSIX H rny6oKO JlH'łHbIX 4YBCTBax. HecMOTPSI Ha KJlHWHposaHHOCTb cpopMbl 3rou.eHTp11ąecKHX TpaypHb!X o6'bSIBJ1eHHH Mbl scer.n:a socnpHHHMaeM HX KaK npOS!BJleHHe e.n:HHH'IHOH cy6beKTHBHOCTH oco6oro po.n:a, 3a.n:asaeMOH caMHM THTTOM TeKCTa.

Oco6yIO pOJlh KaK cpaKTOp TeKCT006pa30BaHHSI 3roQeHTPH3M HrpaeT B JIHTepaTypHOH KOMMYHHKaQHH. 3.n:ecb OH MO)ł{eT paccMaTPHBaThCSI s .n:syx CB0HX HTTOCTacsix:

( 1 )

KaK - Hapsi.n:y c HHTPOCneKQHeH - YHHBepcanbHhIH npHHQHn nop0)K.D:eHHSI 11 B0CilpHS!THSI J1I06oro xy.n:o)KeCTBeHH0ro TeK CTa, C03.D:aIOI.l(HH oco6b!H BH.li: «TeKCTOBOro Hanpsi)KeHHSI» (A.D:MOHH

1 944),

HeH3B eCTHbIH .n:pyrHM BH.D:aM KOMMYHHKaQHH, J,f

(2)

KaK cpopMaJ1bHO­ co.n:ep)KaTeJ1bHblH KpHTepHH OT.n:enbHOro Knacca JlHTepaTypHbIX TeKCT0B, K O M il 0 3 H U.H 0 H H O - C M bI C J1 0 B blM QeHTp O M K 0 T O p b! X SIBJ1SleTCSI HeK o e cocpe.n:oT0'łeHHOe H a CBOeH HH.D:HBH.n:yanhHOCTH (<51» .

( 1 )

Xy.n:o)KeCTBeHHOe MbllllJleHHe no CBOeH cyTH HHTpocneKTHBHO 1-1 3rOQeHTpH'łHO, H Ka)K,Ab! H JlHTepaTypHblH TeK CT, He3aB HCHMO OT ero )KaHp0BO-BH.D:OBOH np,rna.n:ne)KHOCTH, C0BMel.l(aeT s ce6e xapaKTepHCTHKH npo,AyKTa H npoQecca 3 CTeTH'łeCKOH n03HaBaTeJ1hHOH .n:esiTeJlhHOCTH cpe.n:cTBaMH Sl3b!Ka, 3aKJIIO'łaIOI.l(eHCSI B TOM , 'łT0 XY.ll:0)KHJi!K TB0pąecKH «nponycKaern ąepe3 CB0e C03HaHHe SIBJleHHSI BHewHero H BHYTPeHHero MHpa, Haxo.n:si B HHX o6mee H B0ilJl0I.l(aSI HX B c03.n:asaeMbie HM HH.D:H­ BH.n:yaJibHhie xy,A0)KeCTBeHHbie o6pa3bl (cp. B H H Orpa.n:os

1 980: 57-97).

Co3,nasaS1 3Tl1 o6pa3hI, B nepsyIO oąepe.Ah o6pa3hI nepcoHa)KeH, aBTop BKJla.D:bIBaeT B HHX H ąaCTHQY caMoro ce6si, B pe3yJ1bTaTe OH He TOJlbK0 H3MeHSleT .n:eiicTBHTeJlbHOCTb (H npe.n:cTasneHHSI O HeH 'łHTaTensi), HO H «nepeco3.n:aeT» ce6si, C03HaTeJ1bHO HJ1H 6eCC03HaTeJ1bHO OTKpbIBaSI B ce6e ąepe3 TeKCT onpe.n:eneHHhie 3r0QeHTPH'łeCKHe CMbICJlhl.

(2)

BHyTpH «co6CTBeHHO» 3rOQeHTpH'łeCKHX JlHTepaTypHbIX TeKCTOB M0)KH0 BbI.D:eJlHTh, .n:anee, J:U3a cne.n:yrol.l(HX BH.n:a: a) aBTOp HCTI0J1h3yeT <pop M y JlHTepaTypHoro TeKCTa MS! H306pa)KeHHSI co6cTBeHHOro )KH3HeHH0ro nyTH, C06bITHH J1H6o SIBJleHHH, yąacTHHKOM Ji!J]Jil CBH,AeTeneM K0TOpbIX 6h!J1 OH caM

(12)

-Stylistyka XIV

()Kattpbi JUt:TepaTypHOH aBTOfo10rpacp1111, 3CCe, MeMyapoB, 0HCbMa H T.,n:.); 6) B QeHTpe xy,n:o)KeCTBeHHOro noBeCTBOBaHH51 CTOHT Bb!MbIWJieHHOe, He 11,n:ettT111rnoe aBTopy, «51» noBeCTBOBaTen51-paccKa3'łHKa 11rr11 nepcoHa)Ka, o6ycnOBJIHBaIOU\ee npocTpaHCTBeHHO-BpeM eHHbie H MeHTaJibHO-nCHXO­ nor11qecn1e napaM eTpb1 11306pa)KaeMoro M11pa, a TaK)Ke noBeCTBO­ BaTeJibHo-pe'łeByIO CTPYKTYPY TeKcrn.

Cpe,n:11 3fOQeHTPl1'łeCKHX Jll1TepaTypHbIX TeKCTOB nepBoro Bl1,U:a oco6oe MeCTO 3aHHMaIOT TaK Ha3bIBaeMbie «MHeMOHl1'łeCKl1e TeKCTbI» (,n:HeBHl1Kl1, TTl1CbMa, aBT0611orpacp1151, MeMyapbl, aBT0611orpacp11qec1<HH poMaH, nyTeBbie 3aMeTKH H T.,n:.), MeHTaJibHO-TTCHXOnor11'łeCKOH OCHOBOH KOTOpbIX 51BJI51eTC51 BOCTTOMHHaHHe - aKT C03HaHH51, Bb1611paIOU\HH 113 noTeHQHaJibHOH naM51TH cy6oeKTa caMbie pa3ttoo6pa3Hb1e, 'łaCTO cpparMeHTapHbie 11 reTeporeHHbie, Henocne,n:oBaTeJihHbie H HeCB513Hbie, Ha nepBbIH B3rJI51,U:, cpaKTbl, KOTOpbie, O,U:HaKO, OOA'łHHeHbl B KOMTT03HQHOHHO-OOBeCTBOBaTeJibHOH CTPYKType MeMyapttoro npOH3Be,n:eHl151 :,roQeHTpH'łeCKOH cy6beKTl1BHOCTH aBTOpa BOCOOMHHaHHH. O6na,n:a51 BbICWeH CTeneHblO cy6oeKTl1BHOCTl1, «MHeMO­ HH'łeCKHH :,roQeHTp113M» ABOHCTBeHeH no CBOeH np11po,n:e: C OAHOH CTOpOHbl, OH npe,n:CTaBJI51eT co6oi1 npOH3BOAHOe OT (6a311py10�ei-fc51 Ha pa3Jil1'łHbIX BH,n:ax naM51T11) ,n:e51TeJibHOCTl1 cy6oeKTa noBeCTBOBaHl151, BOCnpOH3BO­ A51�ero B cpopMax 3TOH ,n:e51TeJibHOCTl1 co,n:ep)Katt11e o6beKTa, a C ,n:pyroH, OH 51BJI51eTC51 OTpa)KeHl1eM BHYTPeHHero OCHXl1'łeCKOro COCT051Hl151 cy6beKTa BO Bcex cpopMax ero COQHaJibHOro 11 Jll1'łHOCTHOro np051BJieHl151 (CM. H10611tta

2000: 7-33). TeM caMbIM MHeMOHl1'łeCKHH cy6beKT 51BJI51eTC51 M51 'łl1TaTeJI51

OAHOBpeMeHHO 11 cy6oeKTOM 11 o6beKTOM Jl11TepaTypttoro 11306pa)KeHH51. MecTOHMeHHe 1 -ro Jll1Qa CJIY)KHT Jll1HrBO-CeMaHTH'łeCKOH OCHOBOH ,U:Jl51 pa3Bl1Tl151 B C03HaHl111 'łl1TaTeJI51 o6pa3a aBTOpa, pecpepeHQ11aJibHO COOTHeceHHOro C 11MeHeM, KOTopoe 3a51BJieHO Ha o6JIO)l(Ke KHl1fH. 3TOT o6pa3 pO)l(AaeTC51 Ha B3aH M O nepece'łeHl1 H cpaKTyanbHOCTl1, 3a,n:aBae M O H K OHKpeTHOH 611orpacp11ei1 caMopacKpbIBaIO�eroc51 «51», H cp 11KQHO­ HaJibHOCTl1, Bb!paCTaIOU\eH B TeKCTe 113 np0113BOJlbHOro, 00,U:'ł11HeHHOro cy6oeKTHBHOCTH 11 oco6eHHOCT51M naM51Tl1 o6be,U:HHeHl151 KOHKpeTHhlX cpaKTOB, CO'łeTaHl151 C03HaTeJihHOro 11 6ecC03HaTeJibHOrO, BHeWHero H BttyTpeHHero, o6�ero H 'łaCTHoro. ITo ocTpoyMHOMY JaMe'łatt1110

<1>.

ne)Ketta, B 3THX TeKcTax « ... He JIH'łHOCTb onpe,n:en51eT «51», a «51» onpe,n:en51eT JIH'łH0CTb (To•rnee, o6pa3 JIH'łHOCTH - E.r.); HHblMH CJIOBar.m, JlH'łHOCTb cy�ecrnyeT TOJlbKO B pe'łH» (Lejeune 1 994:

2 1 ). Y'łHTb!BaH TOT cpaKT, 'łT0

MeCTOHMeH11e 1 -ro JIHQa B 3T0M BHAe :,roQeHTpH'łeCKHX Jll1TepaTypHbIX

(13)

JluH2eocmUJ1ucmul.lecKuu acneKm uHmepnpema14uu

. . .

EBrEHH.il A . rQHlJAPOBA

TeKCTOB Bb!CTynaeT O,U:HOBpeMeHHO B cpyHKl.0,111 o603HalfeHl151 aBTOpa, noBeCTBOBaTeJrn-paccK a3lfl1Ka 11 repo51, MhI npe,u:rraraeM Ha3hIBaTb 11x aBTOpl13OBaHHbIMl1 3rou_eHTp11ąeCKl1Ml1 TeKCTaMl1.

HHoe ceM aHTl1lfeCKOe 11 cpyHKQl10HaJlbHOe Ha nOJlHeH11e MeCTOl1MeH11e I -ro rr11u.a np1106peTaeT B Tex crryąa51x, Kor,u:a OHO 11cnoJlb3yeTc51 aBTopoM .D:Jl5I o6o3HaąeHl151 6orree 11rr11 MeHee y,u:arreHHoro OT ero co6cTBeHHoro «3ro» BhIMhIWJleHHoro noBeCTBOBaTem1-paccKa3t.J11Ka, np,rna,u:rre)l(aIQero rr1160 He np1rna,u:rre)l( a1.Qero o,u:H oBpeMeHHO 11 K M11py n epcoHa)l(eH . I1 o,u:o6Hoe nO3Tl1lfeCKOe nepeOCMbICJleH11e MeCTO11MeH l151 ((5!)) 11 CB513aHHbIX C Hl1M KOHTeKCTOB noMoraeT aBTOpy COBMeCTl1Tb B HappaT11Be KOrHl1Tl1BHO-npar­ MaT11ąecK11e no311u_1111 «noBeCTBYIOIQero» o M11pe 11 «nepe)l(11Ba101.Qero» ero BbIMbIWJleHHOro Jl11Qa, KOTOpoe COOTHOCl1TC51 C 11306pa)l(aeMbIM He ąepe3 BHernmIe, 06beKTl1BHO ,u:eTepM11H11pOBaHHbie CB51311, a t.Jepe3 cy6beKTl1BHbie pecprreKCl111. HeCOMHeHHO, 11 noBeCTBOBaTeJlh 11 repoH HeCyT B ce6e 11 B 3TOM crryąae xy,U:O)l(eCTBeHHblH 3rou.eHTpl13M CBOero aBTOpa, HO Bbipa)l(aeTC51 3TO B 3aByarr11poBaHHbIX 11 no,u:TeKCTOBbIX cpopMax. Hanp11Mep, noBeCTBYIOIQee ((5!)) B ,U:11CKypce TaKOH cy6beKTl1BHO Ha116orree aKQeHT11pOBaHHOH cpopMbl 3TOro B11,u:a rr11TepaTypHoro 3rou.eHTp11ąecKoro TeKcTa KaK cKa3 aKTyarr11311pyeT MaKCl1 MaJlbHYIO y,u:arreHHOCTb ,u:pyr OT ,u:pyra 513bIKOBbIX Jll1'-IHOCTeH aBTOpa 11 YCTHOro paccKa3lfl1Ka, O,U:HOBpeMeHHO npoTarOHl1CTa. ABTOp KaK 6hI «B)l(l1BaeTc51» B t.JY)l(YIO 3rou_eHTp11t.JecKy10 no311u_1110 11 npe,u:ocTaBrr51eT paccKa3 t.J l1KY MaKCl1M aJlbHYIO CB0 6o,u:y B ero peYeBblX 11 CIO)l(eTHbIX ,u:eHCTBl151X 11 B TO )l(e BpeM51 noMoraeT ą11TaTerr10 ąepe3 cneu.11arrhHb1e Cl1rHaJlbl B KOMnO311Ql1I1 11 apx11TeKTOHI1Ke TeKCTa OI.QYTl1Tb xy,u:o)l(eCTBeHHO -3n11ąecKyIO np11po,u:y «51»-paccKa3t.Jl1Ka. HHbIMl1 CJlOBaMl1, cne,u:y51 B CBOeM npOI13Be,U:eHl1I1 3rOQeHTpl13MY Bb!MblWJleHHOro cy6beKTa CO3HaHl151 11 peą11, aBTOp CTpeMMTC51 ,U:OCTMrHyTh MaKCl1MaJlbHOH 3nw1eCKOH o6beKTl1BHOCTI1, ,U:OCTOBepHO CTl1 11 n c 11 x o rr o r11 t.J e C K O H T O lJ H OCTM xy,U:O)l(eCTB e H H O r o 11306pa)l(eH1151.

TIO,u:BO,U:51 I1TOr11, OTMeTMM nepcneKTl1BHOCTb HayąHoro cp11rrorror11ąecKoro on11caH1151 pa3Hb!X Bl1,U:OB '.ffOQeHTp114eCKI1X TeKCTOB, 11 B nepByIO Ot.Jepe,U:b 11X JlMTep aTypHblX pa3HOBI1,U:HOCTeH, He TOJlbKO B cpyHKQI10H aJlbHO -CTI1-Jl11CTI1lfeCKOM, HO 11 B KYJlhTypHo-11cTop11ąecKoM acneKTe. CoBpeMeHHhIH t.JeJlOBeK nepe)l(11BaeT Ha ce6e BCe CJl0)1(H0CTl1 ycKopeHl151 11 11HTeHCI1(p11K8QI111 COQI1aJlbHO-nOJlI1TI1'łeCKI1X, Hay'łHO-TeXH11'łeCKl1X 11 l1H(pOp Mau.110 HHblX npou.eccoB, lfTO BHOCl1T onpe,u:erreHHbie I13MeHeHI151 B MeHTaJlbHO-nCI1-X11'łeCKyIO CTPYKTYPY ero rrwrnocT11 11 ero OTHorneH1151 c caM11M co6oH 11

(14)

BHellJHHM MHpOM. Cne,UCTBl1eM :noro CTaHOBl1TC51 BCe 6onee pa3BeTBnettHa51 ceTb TeKCTOB, KOTOpb! Ml1 OH nOTib3yeTC51 B CBOeH pe4eBOH npaKTl1Ke 11 KOTO p b1 e B c a M bl X p a 3 tt o o 6 p a3 H b! X <p o p M a x oTpa)Ka IO T , n o C . C . ABep11 H1.�eBy, npou;ecCbl «HH,U11Bl1,U:yau;HH 113 HepacllneHeHHOro KOnne­ KTIIBHOro 6blTH51»

(1972: 1 45-1 47).

3tta4HTeTibHOe MeCTO cpe,UH no.uo6Hb!X TeKCTOB npHHa,une)KHT 3rou;ettTpHlleCKHM TeKCTaM, a TaK)Ke TeKCTaM co 3Ha411Tefil HOH KOMCT03HU:HOHHO-cnrnHCTH4eCKOH ponbIO 513blKOBblX cpe,UCTB c 3rou;ettTpH4ecKoH ceMaHTHKOH.

Aaep1rnuea C.C., 1 972, «AHaJ1umu'-lecKw1 ncuxoJ102w1» K.I'.l01-t2a u 1aK0Ho­

Mep1-tocmu mB0p'-leCKOLi </JaH1na1uu.

-

O coBpeMeHHOLi 3cmemuKe: C6. cmameu I

Cocm. B.H. TacanoB, MocKBa.

A.a.MOHH B.r., 1985, I'paMMamuKa u meKcm, "BonpOCbl ll3bIK03HaHH.H"

I .

A.a.MOHH B.r., 1994, CucmeMa </JopM pe'-le6020 BblCKa3bl6aHw1, C.-IIeTep- 6ypr.

EeHBeHHCT

3.,

1 965, O6U{aJ/ JIUH26UCmuKa, MocKBa.

B11ttorpa,ll.OB B.B., 1980, O J/3blKe xyiJo:J1CecmBeHHoti npo1b1: H16p. mpyiJb1, MocKBa.

rott'-lapoaa E.A., 1 999, CmUJ1b KaK aHmponoi,eH1npu'-leCKaJ/ Kame2opUJ1, "Studia

linguistica"

8,

C.-IIeTep6ypr.

K11p11n11Ha A.B., 2004, I'eHiJepHble uccneiJoBaHuR 6 nuH2BucmuKe u meopuu

K0MMYHUKai1uu, MocKBa.

Km1rntta M., 2003, Cmw1ucmuKa.

-

Cmw1ucmul/ecKwi 3HL/UKRoneiJu'-tecKuii CJI06apb

pyccK020 J/3b/Ka, MoCKBa.

KonwaHCKHH r.B., KoHmeKcmHaJ/ ceMaHmuKa, MocKBa.

JioTMaH IO.M., 1972, AHanu3 1103mu'-lecK020 meKcma, Jiett11Hrpa,ll..

H10611tta JI.M., 2000, BocnoMuHaHue u meKcm, CMoneHCK.

IIaAy'-leBa E.B., 1985, BblCKa3bl6aHue u ezo coomHeceHHocmb c iJeiicmBumeRbHocmbJO

( Pe</Jepem1uanbHb1e acneKmb1 ceMaHmuKu MecmouMeHuii, MocKBa.

CTenaHOB IO.C., 198 1 , HMeHa. llpeiJuKamb1. IlpeiJno:>KeHuR: CeMUOJ102t1'-lecKw1

2paMMamuKa, MocKBa.

XoM.HKOBa E.r., 2002, 3zoi,eHmptt3M pe'-leMblCJ1umeJ1b1-toii iJeRme.llbHOcmu, MocKBa.

IllMeneB

)]..H.'

1989, <!>yHKllUOHaJlbl-lO-cmw1ucmu'-leCKaJ/ iJu(jJ</JepeHL/UQl/UJ/ J/3blK06blX

cpeiJcm6.

-

I'pOMMamtl'-leCKUe UCCJle006QHUJ/. <!>yHKl/UOHaJlbHO-CmUJ1ucmu'-leCKUU

acneKm, MocKBa.

Adamzik

K., 2004, Textlinguistik, Ttibingen.

Fleischer W., Michel G., Starke G., 1993, Sti/istik der deutschen Gegenwartssprache,

Frankfurt/Main.

(15)

JluH2eocmUJ1ucmul./ecKuu acneKm uHmepnpema14uu . . .

EBrEHl1,i A . rGHlfAPOBA

Linguostylistic Aspect of the lnterpretation of Egocentric Text

The article presents a comparative scientific description of anthropocentrism and

egocentrism which are regarded as factors in text formation, their logical relation being

that of "generał" and "particular". The concept of "egocentric text" is introduced and

those linguostylistic units whose hierarchical interaction determines the structural,

semantic and pragmatic features of the egocentric text in different spheres of communi­

cation are analysed in the article.

Keywords: anthropocentrism, egocentrism, egocentric tex/, linguostylistic interpretation.

[zef@herzen.spb.ru]

Cytaty

Powiązane dokumenty

[r]

Aby zbada¢ czy taki szereg jest zbie»ny korzystamy z kryterium pierwiastkowego Cauchyego.. Warto

Suma wszystkich wy- razów tego ciągu jest trzy razy większa od sumy wyrazów o numerach pa- rzystych.. Oblicz stosunek sumy wyrazów o numerach podzielnych przez 4 do sumy wyrazów

Zadania do wykładu Analiza

[r]

Wskazówka: Nie istnieje czysty szereg geometryczny spełniający warunki zadania, ale przykład można skonstruować odpowiednio modyfikując szereg

Wykaż, że wszystkie wyrazy tego ciągu są liczbami całkowity- mi..

Przy ka˙zdej nast¸epnej dostawie cena jednostki towaru by la ustalana jako r´o˙znica pomi¸edzy siedmiokrotn¸a cen¸a jednostki z poprzed- niej dostawy i sze´sciokrotn¸a