Software Defined Radio Technology Software Defined Radio Technology
for for Radar Systems Radar Systems
Dr. Bertalan EGED Dr. Bertalan EGED
Managing Director Managing Director
Sagax Communications, Ltd.
Sagax Communications, Ltd.
Haller u. 11
Haller u. 11- -13. Budapest 1096 Hungary 13. Budapest 1096 Hungary
www.sagax.hu www.sagax.hu
Analog- and digital hw Signal processing- and operating sw Equipment System
Outline Outline
• • Roots Roots
• • Modeling Modeling
• • Implementation levels Implementation levels
• • Analog front- Analog front -end processing end processing
• • Domain conversion Domain conversion
• • Digital signal processing Digital signal processing
• • SCA operating environment SCA operating environment
• • Related work in RTO Related work in RTO
• • Future trends Future trends
• • Conclusions and remarks Conclusions and remarks
SINCGARS ESIP HAVE QUICK II
Wideband Networking Waveform (WNW) DAMA 181/182/183/184
Link 16 (TADIL J)
HF ISB w/ALE HF SSB w/ALE VHF ATC Data Link
VHF AM ATC VHF AM/FM
STANAG 5066 (HF) STANAG 4529 (HF) Link 4A (TADIL C)
Link 11 (TADIL A) Link 11B (TADIL B)
SATURN
BOWMAN
UHF AM/FM PSK
HF ATC Data Link
VHF AM ATC Extended
GPS/SASSM BFT/RFT NIPRNET
SIPRNET NDL
Joint Network Management System (JNMS)
Soldier and M16A2
Soldier Radio Waveform (SRW)
Link 22 (NILE)
JTRS WNW Network Manager (JWNM) TETRA
Roots of SDR concept Roots of SDR concept
US DoD inventory of at least 25 to 30 different radio types:
Radio electronic devices
Radio electronic devices modeling modeling
Traditional implementation
IF Down Conversion
Baseband Down Conversion
Baseband Demodulation
and Processing
RF IF BB
Conversion technology RF
technology
DSP technology
GUI technology
Analog Signal Processing
Digital Signal Processing Domain
Conversion A/D or D/A
Software defined implementation
Different implementation levels Different implementation levels
Digital signal handling
Digital BB
processing
Digital IF
processing
Digital
RF
processing
Analog
Analog front front - - end end signal processing signal processing
• • Frequency transformation of air- Frequency transformation of air - band to the digitally band to the digitally processable
processable frequency, bandwidth and level frequency, bandwidth and level
• • Performance merits: Performance merits:
– – Noise/dynamic range Noise/dynamic range – – Frequency bandwidth Frequency bandwidth
and agility and agility
• • Typical Typical technologies: technologies:
– – Frequency generation Frequency generation – – Mixing Mixing
– – Filtering Filtering
– – Gain control Gain control
– – Amplification Amplification
Typical analog front
Typical analog front - - end architectures end architectures
Digital BB generation
Digital IF
generation
Digital
RF
generation
• • Conversion between the analog and digital representation Conversion between the analog and digital representation of the signals
of the signals
• • Performance merits: Performance merits:
– – Input and instantaneous bandwidth Input and instantaneous bandwidth – – Noise level and dynamic range Noise level and dynamic range
• • Possible technologies Possible technologies
– – Flash Flash – – Pipeline Pipeline – – Folding Folding
– – Sigma Sigma -delta - delta – – Interleaved Interleaved
Domain conversion
Domain conversion
Analog to Digital converter
Analog to Digital converter ’ ’ s s evolution evolution
@2005
@1990
100 MHz to 3 GHz @ 12 BITS
Close to Moore’s law: X2/2Y
Sampling clock jitter requirements Sampling clock jitter requirements
– –
– –
24
– –
– 0.16 ps
20
– –
0.12 ps 1.21 ps
18
– 0.05 ps 0.49 ps
4.86 ps 16
0.02 ps 0.19 ps
1.94 ps 19.4 ps
14
0.08 ps 0.78 ps
7.77 ps 77.7 ps
12
0.31 ps 3.11 ps
31.1 ps 311 ps
10
1.24 ps 12.4 ps
124 ps 1.24 ns
8
1 GHz 100 MHz
10 MHz 1 MHz
Input frequency
ADC res.
in bit
Improved dynamic range by dithering
Improved dynamic range by dithering
Digital signal processing Digital signal processing
• • FSIC (Function Specific Integrated Circuit) FSIC (Function Specific Integrated Circuit)
– – Best in size and power consumption Best in size and power consumption – – Limited configurability Limited configurability
• • FPGA (Field- FPGA (Field -Programmable Gate Array) Programmable Gate Array)
– – Could implement any hw with arbitrary changed configurations Could implement any hw with arbitrary changed configurations – – Slower and more expensive Slower and more expensive
• • DSP (D DSP (D edicated edicated Signal Processor) Signal Processor)
– – Optimized architecture for typical processing tasks Optimized architecture for typical processing tasks – – Limited data transfer capability Limited data transfer capability
• • GPP (General Porpuse Processor) GPP (General Porpuse Processor)
– – The performance limited by its architecture The performance limited by its architecture
– The speed of execution overdrives architectural limits
How these chips should be used How these chips should be used
• • It is best to combine FSIC, FPGA, DSP and GPP It is best to combine FSIC, FPGA, DSP and GPP taking advantage of each characteristics
taking advantage of each characteristics
Common Object Request Broker Architecture
