Stylistyka XII
KOMPARACJA SYSTEMÓW I FUNKJONOWANIA WSPÓŁCZE
SNYCH JĘZYKÓW SŁOWIAŃSKICH. 1. SŁOWOTWÓRSTWO
/
NOMINACJA.
RED. INGEBORG OHNHEISER.Uniwersytet Opolski - Instytut Filologii Polskiej, Opole 2003, 541 c.
KonneKTl1BHM MOHorpaqnrn CJ1oeoo6pa3oeaHue I HoMUHG'LfUR, p.ll.11. rnaB KOTO poH ttan11caH 11 HaY'rnoe pyKoBOJJ.CTBO ocyl.L(ecrnnetto npocpeccopoM l1ttre6opr OttxaH3ep, .llBn.lleTc.ll nepBbIM TOMOM 11tt11u1mpoBaHttoro npocp. CT. raHJJ,OH Me)l()]. yttapo.11.ttoro ttay,-rnoro npoeKTa ConocmaeJ1euue cucmeM u py1-1K4uouupoeauzm coepeMe/-/HblX CJIG(JJI.HCKUX Jl.3blK08, KOTOpblH JJ,On)l(eH COCTaBHTb MHOfOTOMHOe conocTaBHTenbHOe 11ccne,11.0BaH11e BCex cnaB.llHCKHX .ll3bIKOB - TPYJJ. HeCOMHeHHO :moxanbHbIH, npeJJ.CTaBn.llIOLl.(HH co6010 co6b1T11e BeKa. EMy npe.11.wecrnoBan BbHIYCK14
KOnneKTHBHblX MOHorpacpHH, Ka)!(,11.a.ll 113 KOTOpblX npeJJ.CTaB11na on11caHHe pa3Bl1TH.ll Toro HnH HHOro cnaB.llHCKOro .ll3b1Ka BO BTOpOH nonOBHHe XX B., co3,11.aB B uenoM cep1110: HoeeuU1.GJ1. ucmopuR cJ1aBJ1.HCKUX J/.3blKOB.PeueH3HpyeMblH TOM no cnoBoo6pa30B3Hl1IO H HOMHHaUHH OnHpaeTC.ll Ha 3TH 11ccne,11.0BaHH.ll, KaK H, ecTeCTBeHHO, Ha JJ.pyry!O HMe!OLl.(YIOC.ll nHTeparypy. Bb16op YKa3aHHOH TeMbl B Ka'--leCTBe nepBOro TOMa cepHH MOTHBHpoBaH TeM, '--ITO H3MeHeH11.1I B nonHTH'--leCKOH, 3KOHOMH'--leCKOH, KynbTYPHOH )l(H3HH cTpaH BOCTO'--IHOH H !OfO-BOCTO'--IHOH EBponbI, CKa3aBWHCb Ha H3MeHeHHH .ll3bIKOBOH c11ryaUHH cnaB.llHCKHX CTpaH, Ha116onee 3aMeTHO npeJJ,CTaBneHbl B pacw11peHHH cnoBapttoro COCTaBa 3a C'--leT 3aHMCTBOBaHHH 11 .llBneHHH cnoBoo6pa30BaHH.ll, KOTOpbie B CBOIO O'--Iepe,11.b CB.ll3aHbl C ceMaHTH'--leCKHMH npeo6pa30BaHH.llMH, a TaK)l(e nparMaTH'--leCKHMH H CTHnHCTH'--leCKHMH H3MeHeHH.llMH y3yca H HOpM pe'--IH.
KaK n11weT BO BB0.11.HOH '--lacT11 11. OHxaH3ep, MOHorpacpH.ll 3a,11.yMaHa «He KaK conocTaBHTenbHa.ll rpaMMaT11Ka B TpaJJ,HUHOHHOM CMbICne, a KaK Y'--IHTbIBa!OLl.(a.ll HMeHHO acneKTbl pa3BHTH.ll C HX nparMaTH'--leCKHMH H COUHOnHHfBHCTH'--leCKHMH HMMHKaUH.llMH» ( C.
17) 11 .11.anee: «Mbl He CTaBHM nepeJJ, co6oH uenH nOBTOpHoro
on11caHH.ll (HMe!OTC.ll B BHJJ.Y TOMa yKa3aHHOH cepHH no 11CTOpHH cnaB.llHCKHX .ll3bIKOB. - M.K.) pa3BHTH.ll cnosoo6pa30BaHH.ll Bcex cnaB.llHCKHX .ll3bIKOB, a cocpeJJ,OTO'--IHBaeMC.ll Ha npO.llBneHHH 1136paHHhlX meuóeHl,{UU pa3BHTH.ll B conocrnB11TenhHOM nnaHe» ( c.I 9).
ConocTasnett11e .ll3bIKOB paccMaTpHBaeTC.ll He KaK caMouenb, a KaK cnoco6 ycTaHOBneHH.ll Toro, «KaK o6Ll.(He TeH,11.eHUHH pa3BHTH.ll npenoMn.ll!OTC.ll B 06n11Ke HaUHOHanbHblX .ll3bIKOB, KaKHe BHe- H BHYTPH.ll3blKOBbie cpaKTOpbl cnoco6cTBYIOT
npo51Bnemno KaK o6umx, TaK 11 cneumpw-1ecK11x '-!eprn (c. 17). Xo'-!eTC51 no)l'-!ep
KHYTb B Ka'-!eCTBe oco6eHHO n0311Tl1BHOro, Ha Halli B3rn51)l , acneKTa TO, '-!TO
aBTOpCKl1H KOnneKTl1B (coCTaBn51IOJ.Ul1H 18 11ccne)lOBaTenei1: 113 8 CTpaH) BO rnase
C pe)laKTOpOM O)lHOH 113 OCHOBHblX TeopeTl1'-leCKl1X ycTaHOBOK 1136pan op11eHTa
Ul1IO Ha q>yHKU110HanbHblH (q>yHKU110HanbHO-CTl1nl1CTl1'-leCKl1H 11 npar
MaTl1'-leCK11H) nO)lXO.ll 11ccne)lOBaH1151 npo6neMbI, Ha sonpocb1 ynompe611eHUR
H3bIKa, s TOM '-rncne B pa3HbIX ccpepax o6memrn.
CosepweHHO 3aKOHOMepHo npe)l(Jle scero pewaeTCH sonpoc, aKTYanbHbIH )ln51
conocTaB11TenhHOro 11ccne)lOBaH1151, o conocTaB11MocT11 npe.llMeTa,
MeTO)lonor11-'-!eCKoro H TepMHHOnOrH'-!eCKOro e)lHHCTBa, a 11MeHHO K0HUenryanhHO B3)KHblH
sonpoc «Bb16opa tertiwn comparationis, a TalOKe onpe)leneH11H TaKOH 6a3bI,
KOTOpaH n03BOn11na 6bl OXBaTl1Tb 11MeHHO acneKTbl pa3B11Tl151)) ( C. 19). B Ka'-lecrne
OCHOBbl conocTasneHHH 6binO npHHHTO npe)lnO)l(eHHe Kapna rynnMl1)lTa,
Bb1cryn11swero Ha KpaKOBCKOM Cbe3)le cnaBl1CTOB 1998 r., 11cnonb30BaTb nOH51Tl1e
«TeH)leHU11H» KaK nOH51Tl1e Cl1HXp0HHOro nO)lXO)la K 513blKY, 0Tp3)1(a!Omee ero
)lHHaMHKY B onpe)leneHHblH 0Tpe30K BpeMeHl1. no MHeHHIO ryTWMl1)lTa,
TeH)leHU1111 «onpe)len51IOT HanpasneHHOCTb 513blKOBblX npouecCOB HJ]H 113MeH
eHl1H, npoTeKa10m11x B q>OpMe yKpenneHl151 11HHOBaU11H 11n11 ycTpaHeHl151
ycTapesw11x 513bIKOBbIX e)ll1HHU, KOHCTPYKU11H, HOpM» ( c. 19). Orrnpasicb Ha
yKa3aHHOe npe)lnO)l(eH11e, l1.OHxai1:3ep 11 aBTOpCKl1H KonneKTl1B BHl1MaTenbHO
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uenb!O B03MO)l(HOro ycTpatteHHSI )ll1CKycc110HHblX CTOpOH BOnpoca.
l1cxo)l51 113 YKa3aHHbIX ycrnttosoK CTPYKTYPa MOHorpaqrn11 Bbipa311nach cn
e)ly10m11M o6pa30M. B nepBOH-BBO)lHOH-rnase, KpOMe 06meTeopeT11'-leCKl1X KO
HUenryanbHblX sonpocos 11 pa3)lena «l13 11cTop1111 conocTaBHTenbHoro 113y'-!eHHSI
11HHosau110HHbIX npoueccos s cnaBHHCK11x si3bIKax» (asrnp I. Ohnheiser), npe)lc
rnsneH eme 0)ll1H 06m11ił pa3)len: HeoJI02U3Mbl u neKCUK02pa<jJu' B KOTOpOM )lae
TCSI O6u1aR xapaKmepucmuKa neKcuK02pa<jJu1JecKo?o nooxooa K Heono2u3MGM
(Olga Martincova), a TalOKe Heo1102u:JM.b1 e wnaoHo- u 10:>1eHocnaeRHCKou neKcu
Ko2pa<jJuu (rnro )l(e asTopa), )lanee cne)lyIOT pa3)lenh1: Heon02U3Mbl u ooHOR3bZ
'IHaR neKCUK02pa<jJUR (Ha Mamepuane pyccKo?o R3bZKa) (Renate Belentschikow) 11
JJ,eymbZ'IHClJI. Heo2pa<jJUR (rnro )l(e asrnpa).
Ka)K,[\asi 113 nocne)ly10m11x mas nocssimeHa O.UHOH 113 paccMaTp11saeMbIX
TeH.ueHu1111, npe.ucTasneHHOH Ha attan113e MaTep11ana no TpeM rpynnaM
cnaB51HCKl1X 513blKOB: BOCTO'-IHO- 3ana)lH0- IO)l(HOCnaB51HCKl1e: TeuoeH'/,{Wl uumep
HQ/,{U0/łQRU3GlfUU (rn. 2), TeuoeHlfUR HQlfUOHQRU3GlfUU (MaHu<jJecmalfUU
cnelfu</Ju'leCKW( 'lepm HGlfU0HQRbHblX R3blK06 6 ycno6URX meCH0?0 R3blK06020
Stylistyka XII
KOHmaKma) (rn.
3);
TTparMaT11Ko-cT11n11crn'-!ecK11e TeHJJ,eHu1111 (rn.4);
TeHOeHifUJl R3blKOBOU 3KOHOMUU, ee npORBJleHue 8 HOMW/Q1,fUU (rn.5);
CucmeMHO-cmpyKmy pHble meHOeH4uu (rn.6)
npeJJ.CTasneHhI s acneKTe: yJJ.eJib- HbIH sec '-!acTei1 pe'-111; pa3BHTHe cnoco6os cnosoo6pa3osaH11l!; BJlHl!HHe HHTepHau110Han113au1111 Ha co'-leTaeMOCTb. LJ:anee: TunoJ102U'łeCKue nieHoeH4uu (rn.7);
TeHOeH4uu pa3BU mUJl R3blKQ 8 3epKaJle KYllbll'lYPbl pe'łU (Ha np11Mepe BOCTO'·IHOCJ1a851HCKl1X 11 3anaJJ,HOCJ1aB51HCKHX 513blKOB); 3aKJ1IO'-IHTeJ1bHa51 masa 9 - Pa38Umue JleKCUKU C /110'łKU 3peHUJl K02HUJl1UBHOU JlUH28UC/11UKU. KH11ra 3asepwaeTC51 3aKJllO'łeHUeM peJJ,aKTOpa 11 )].BYMll 06w11pHblMl1 pe3l0Me (no30
CTpaHI-11..\ KIDK)].Oe) Ha HeMeUKOM H aHrnHHCKOM 513b1Kax C ueJiblO npHBJle'-lb BHHMaHHe HecnaB51HCKHX KOJlner K l1CCJ1eJJ,0BaH1110, TeM 6onee, '-ITO O)].HOH H3 3a)].a'-I, peanl130BaHHOH B pa6oTe, 51811JlaCb )].eMOHCTpau1151 Toro, '-ITO MHOr11e paCCMOTpeHHble npouecCbl B cnas51HCKHX 513bIKax HMelOT napannenH c 3anaJJ,Hoesponei1cKHMH.O6ma51 6116n11orpacp1151 TOMa 3aH11MaeT 36 cTpaH11u.
6ernb1i1 ofoop coJJ,ep)ł(aH1151 MOHorpacp1111 (y'-l11Tb1Ball 6oJ1bwoi1 ee o6beM) He MO)ł(eT, KOHe'-IHO, JJ,aTb nonHoro npe.n.cTasneHH51 O KHHre; OCTaHOBHMC51 Ha OCHO BHbIX ee 11 Ha116onee HHTepeCHbIX, C Hawei1 TO'-IKl1 3peHl151, CTOpOHax ( acneKTax).
B nepsoi1 rnase, noM11Mo KOHuenryanhHO-TeopeT11'-1ecKHx sonpocos, xopowo, X0T51 H JJ,OCTaT0'-IH0 naKOHl1'-IH0, npe.n.cTaBJleHa HCTOpH51 conoCTaBHTeJlbHOr0 H3y'-leH-1151 11HHOBaU110HHblX npoueccos B CJ1a851HCKHX CTpaHax. OTnpaBHOH T0'-1- KOH 11 caM oro l1CTOp11'-1eCK0ro onHcaHl151, 11 00311Tl18HblX acneKTOB, none3HblX )].J151 peanl13aUHl1 s peueH311pyeM0M Tpy.n.e, 51s11nacb KH11ra
Slovansku spisovnu jazyky v dobM pUlit
omnu
(193 7)
noJJ. peJJ.. M.Bai1Hraprn, s KOTopoi1 Hap51JJ.Y c 06men11Hrs11crn4ecK11M11 sonpocaM11 nepsoi1 '-laCTl1, BO BTOpOH npeJJ,CTaBJleHO <l>YHKU110H11pOBaH11e 513blK0BbIX cpe)].CTB B pa3J111'-IHblX ccpepax cnaB51HCKHX 513bl- KOB: ny6nHUHCTH'-leCKOH 11 Kp11TH'-leCKOi1 n11Teparypb1, Hay'-1Hoi1, pa3rosopHoi1 11.n.p. Ha :noT, cpyHKU110HaJibHhIH, acneKT op11eHT11py10TC51 11 asTOphI peueH- 311pyeM011 MOHorpacp1111. OHxai13ep 0TMe'-laeT, '-ITO Kp11Tep1111 OTnpaBHOH T0'-IKH COflOCTaBJ1eHl151 )].0Jl)ł(Hbl 6bITb «CB513aHbl C cpyHKU110H11pOBaHl1eM 513h1Ka B KOMMYHl1Kau1111», TaK KaK «cpyHKU110HaJlbHbIH acneKT 51BJ151eTC51 11MMaHeHTHblM np11 on11cam-m 06m11x TeH)].eHU11H, KOTOpble npoTeKaJOT B pa3J111'-IHblX KOMMYHHKaTl1BHblX ccpepax 11 cpyHKU110HaJlbHblX CTHJUłX / flOJJ,CTHJ151X C pa3J111'-IHOH 11HTeHCl1BHOCTblO)) (c.23),
KpOMe Toro, Heo6XOJJ,11MO Bbl51B11Tb «cneu11cp11Ky .n.ei1CTBYJ0ll.ll1X B cospeMeHHblX 513b1Kax npa2MQf/1UKO -Cf/1WlUCf/1U'łecKUX TeH)].eHUHH» ( C.24 ).
KcTaTl1, B CB51311 C 3THM 803Hl1KaeT Heo6xoJJ,HMOCTb nposepHTb JJ,HCKYCCl10HHOe fl0Ka fl0Jl0)l(eHHe, Bhl)].BHHYT0e ,lJ;opo weBCKHM H CaTKeBH'-1 O TOM, '-IT0 «BBHJJ.Y B03pacTal01Uei1 ponH 11HTepHaUH0-HaJ1113aUHl1 npOHCX0)].11T ocna6neHHe .n.epHsau110HHblX npoueccos B HOMHHaUHHflHTeparypHOro 513btKa npH coxpaHeHHH aKTHBH0CTH .uepHBaU.HH B 3KcnpeCCHBHOM H OKKa.3HOHMbHOM cnosoo6pa.30BaHHH» ( C.
23).
flOMHMO cpyHKU.HOHanbHOro no.uxo.ua, HpKO npe.ucrnsneHHOro B KHHre M.Bai1HrapTa, H.OHxai13ep OTMel.faeT eme pH.U acneKTOB, HaBeHHHblX '-ITem,eM 3TOH KHHrH H Ba)l{Hb!X .llflH peu.eH3HpyeMoro H3.UaHHH. 3TO - npHHU.Hn H36H paTenbHOCTH, a HMeHHO «cocpe.uoTO'-leHHe Ha HOBblX npo.uyKTHBHblX HBne HHHX», o6mHOCTH onpe.ueneHHbIX npou.ecC0B, npOHCXO.ll5IlUHX B cnaB51HCKHX CTpaHax C aHanOrH'-IHblMH npou.eccaMH OCTMbHblX esponeHCKHX 513blKOB B CB513H C o6mHOCTblO HCTOpH'-leCKHX HBneHHH (BOHHa, pa3BHTHe TeXHHt.teCKOH U.HBH flH3au.i-rn H ,np.). XapaKTeptto, '-ITO speMH nocne nepsoi1 MHposoi1 BOHHbt OTflH'-laeTCH npou.eccaMH H HBneHHHMH, CXO)J.HblMH C COBpeMeHHblMH. HanpHMep: TepMHHOflOrH3aU.HH neKCHKH, npH 3TOM B03pacTaIOmee BflHHHHe aHrno-aMep11-KaHCKHX 513b!KOB, pOCT HHTepHaU.HOHanbHOH neKCHKH, H3MeHeHHe CHHTaKCHCa H cpyHKUHOHMbHblX CTHneił, ycmieHHe BflHHHH51 ra3eTHO-ny6nH- U.HCTHt.teCKOro CTHfl51, B TOM 4HCne 6ynbBapHOH npeCCbl, H3MeHeHHe MaHepbt Bbtpa)KeHHH ( C.
24 ).
O.nHaKO npH CXO)J.CTBe o6mHx '-lepT pa.3BHTH51 esponeHCKHX 513b!KOB HHTeHCHB H0CTb H3MeHeHHH B cnaBHHCKHX 513bIKax 0TflH4aeTC51 cneu.HcpHKOH B CB513H C 6onee pa.uHKaJlbHblMH nepeMeHaMH B o6mecTBeHHOH )KH3HH. flo Bai1Hrapry, «nepe flOMHbte BpeMeHa nOBb!UialOT pOJib KYJibT)'pbl pet.tH)) (c.29), aKTYMH- 3HpyFOTC51
npo6neMbl Tpa.UHU.HH 11 H0BaTopCTBa, a B JIHHrBH- CTHKe, no MHeHHIO P.51Ko6coHa, H3MeH5teTC51 Hepapx,rn H npeCTH)KHOCTb Tex HJIH HHblX TeM. flo Ha6JIFO.UeHHHM OHxatt3ep, HCCJie.[{OBaBUieH BJIH51HHe BHe513bIKOBblX H BHYTPHSl3blKOBblX cpaKTOpOB Ha ((HHTepec K cnosoo6pa.30BaHHIO Boo6me H K conocTaBHTeJibHOMY ero H3y'łeHHIO», «.UOMHHHpyIOmHe HanpaBJieHHH B JIHHrBH- CTHKe 70-x /80-x rr. XX BeKa OTOillflH)) OT 3THX TeM, a K KOHU.Y 80-x rr. «KaK 6br 3aH0BO H3MeHHJIC51 "npeCTH)K" ( conocTaBHTeJibHOro) CJIOB006pa.30BaHHH)) ( C.
33 ).
Bo BBO.UHOH )Ke t.tacrn MOHorpacpHH npe.ucrnsneHa masa no HeorpacpHH (1.3), nOCKOflbKY CJIOBapH He0JIOrH3MOB .naIOT 6oraTblH MaTepHan .[{JI51 pacKpblTH51 TeMbl, o6na.naH, B t.taCTH0CTH, np0rHOCTHt.teCKOH cpyHKU.HeH B cnyt.taHX yKa3aHHH npo.nyKTHBHblX acpcpHKCOB H KOMil0HeHTOB CJIO)KHbIX CJIOB.
B rnase
2,
nocsHmeHHOH meHoe1-1l{uu uHmepH01,fUOHOflU30lfUU, K0TopaH YCHJIHJiaCb C K0HU.a XX B., 0TMet.taeTCH, 4T0 3Ta TeH.ueHU.1151 np05IBJI51eTCH B cne.ny10m11x OCHOBHbIX 51BneHH51X, on11caHHblX B KHHre: BKJII04eHHe HHTep HaU.HOHaJ1113M0B B OCHOBHOH CJI0BapHblH q)OH.ll 11 HX HCil0Jib30BaHHe B Kal.feCTBe HOBbIX npoH3B0.UHbIX, 06pa3y10m11x u.enbie CJIOB006pa30BaTeJibHbie rne3,na; aKTHBH3aU.1151 HHTepHaU.HOHaJlbHbIX acpcp11KCOB npH o6pa30BaHl1H npoH3B0.llHbIX He T0JibK0 C 3al1MCTBOBaHHbIMl1, HO 11 11CKOHHb(Ml1 0CH0BaM11; np1106peTeH11eStylistyka XI/
3aHMCTBOBaHHhlMl1 :meMeHTaMH crnryca npecp11KCOB 11n11 cycpcp11KCOB; yc11neH11e pon11 cno)KeHml 11 B03Hl1KHOBeH11e HOBhlX cnosoo6pa- 30BaTenhHhlX o6pa3UOB.
TTpH onpe)].eneHl111 3KBl1BMeHTHOCTl1 11HTepHal{l10HMl13MOB aBTOphl 11CXO)].HT 113 yąeTa He TOnhKO ceMaHTl1Kl1, HO 11 CTl1nHCTl14eCKOH li Q)YHKU110HMhHOH xa paKTep11CTl1K.
TeH)].eHL.{1151 l1HTepHal{HOHa n113au1111 OXBaThlBaeT neKCl1KY 11 cnOBO o6pa30BaTenhHhle npouecChl npe11Myw.eCTBeHHO B TeMaTH'leCKHX o6naCT51X phl HO'lHOH 3KOHOM11Kl1, nonl1Tl1Kl1, TeXHl1Kl1, HeKOTOphlX COU11MhHhlX 51BneHl1H (npecrynHOCTl1, ceKca), MY3hlKH, MO)].hl H HeK. JJ.p. 11 npOHBnHeTC51 Ha116onee 11HTeHCHBHO B cpeJJ.CTBax MaCCOBOH HHQ)OpMal{HH, oco6eHHO 3neKTpOHHhlX
CMI1.
TTOCKOnhKY HHTepHal{l10HMl13al{l151, KaK CTOKa3hIBaeT MaTep11an 11ccne)].OBaHHH, conpoBO)K.11.aeTCH pa3HhlMl1 np11eMaMH rpacp11ąecKOH HHTerpaUHH HnH Hel1HTe rpau11H, 3TOMY BOnpocy CTOCBHW.eH oT.11.enhHhlH pa3.11.en
(2.3),
B KOTOpOM Y4HThIBa eTC51 11 )].HaxpoHHhlH acneKT, H CHHXpOHHaH JJ.11Q)cpepeHL{l1al{H51 C yąeTOM pa3HOBl1)].HOCTeH pe4H. TTpH o6w.ei1 )].HaxpOHH'leCKOH TeH)].eHUl111 OT TpaHcnnaHTaU11H K TpaHCKp11nl{HH B HaCTOHW.ee BpeMH Hepe.11.KH cny'laH B03p0)1( )].eHl151 «np11eMa» TpaHcnnaHTaUHl1 HH0513hl4HhlX cnoB ( C.128-129).
TT pH 3TOM OKa3hJBaeT )].eHCTBl1e 11 3KCTpM11HrBl1CTH4eCKHH cpaKTop: ypoBeHh o6pa30BaHl151 4HTaTen51. B o6w.eM CXO)].Hhle, XOT51 H He CTOnpoueHTHO 0)].11HaKOBhle, npoueCChl B OTHOWeHl111 rpaqmąeCKOfO ocpopMneHl151 3a11MCTBOBaHl1H, Ha6mo.11.a10TC51 B pyccKOM, yK paHHCKOM, nonhCKOM 11 lJeWCKOM 513h1Kax. 0TMe4aeTC51 TaK)Ke HHTepeCHhIH cpaKT «pacryw.ero •-mena cnyąaeB OTKa3a OT o6pa30BaHH51 MOpcpo nornąecKl1X cpopM, a BMeCTe C TeM 11 .11.epHBaTOB» ( C.133 ).
HapHJJ.Y c TeHJJ.ettuHei1 HHTepHau110Han113au1111 Ha6n10.11.aeTcH H meHOeHtfUR HGtfUOHQJlU3Q'l,fUU (masa
3 ),
nOH11MaeMa51 aBTOpaMl1 KaK MaH11cpeCTal{l151 cneuHQ)H4eCKJ1:X qepT Hal{l10HMhHhIX 513hlKOB B ycnOBH51X TeCHOfO 513hlKOBOfO KOHTaKTa. TTpH 3TOM paccMaTpHBa!OTC51 TaKHe BOnpOChl, KaK ponh H oueHKa KOHTaKTHhlX sapHaHTOB, ycTpaHeHHe CTpyKT)'pHO-Cl1CTeMHOH cnosoo6pa30-BaTenhHOH CHHOHl1MHH H yc0neH11e Hal{l10HMhHOro Bap11aHTa. l1ccne)].OBaHHe ocyw.ecTBneHo Ha MaTep11ane pyccKoro, 6enopyccKoro, yKpaHHCKoro, cnoBaUKOro H 'lelllCKOfO, xopBaTCKOro H cep6cKoro, MaKe.11.0HCKOro 11 6onrap CKOro 513hIKOB. Oco6oe MeCTO 3aHHMaeT 3Ta npo6neMaT11Ka B OTHOllleHl1H ny)Kl1L{ KOfO 513h!Ka, 11cnhlTh1Ba10w.ero BnHHHHe HeMel{KOro 513hIKa.Tett.11.eHUHH Hal{HOHMH3al{HH tta6n10.11.aeTCH, KaK OTMe'la!OT aBTOphl, npe)K)].e BCero B Tex cnaB51HCKl1X 513hIKaX, KOTOphle 6hml1 npe.11.cTaBneHhl Ha Tepp11TOpHH cpe.11.epaTHBHhIX rocy.11.apCTB 11 B He.11.aBHeM npornnoM HCCThIThlBMl1 BnHHHHe
O,lJ.HOro, ,1J.OMl1Hl1PY!Olllero Sl3hIKa, '-!TO 6binO CBSl3aHO C Sl3hIKOBOH nOJUITl1KOH rocy,napcTB.
B
CJlOB006pa30BaHl111 3TO Bhlpa)KMOCh B yKpenneHl111 06lllHX 4epT 6Jll13KOpo,ncTBeHHhIX Sl3hIKOB. Hau11ottan113aU11SI CKa3bIBaeTC.H B yKpenneHl111 «HaUHOHaJlhHOro sap11aHTa» nocpe,D.CTBOM HCn0Jlh30BaHl1.H 803MO)l(H0CTeH S13hIKa 6onee paHHero nep110,na 11Jll1 m1aneKTHhIX CJlOB006pa30BaTeJlhHhIX cpe,n CTB, cnoco6os, M0,1J.eJ1eH.,[J:eTMhHO aHaJlH311pyeTC.H ,lJ.HHaMHKa cpe,nCTB 11 cnoco6os CJlOB006pa30BaHl1.H B 6enopycCKOM 11 yKpa11HCKOM .H3hIKax B conocTaBJleHl111 C pyccK11M; OTMe'-!a!OTCSI cj>aKThl «,nasneHl1.H)) pyccKoro Sl3hIKa Ha HaU110HaJlhHhie oco6eHHOCTl1 yKa3aHHhlX 513hlKOB, socnp11Hl1MaeMoro KaK yrp03a HaUHOHaJlhHOH cneu11cp11Ke 513hIKa. TaKl1M o6pa30M, B CB51311 C B0CT04HOCJlaBSIHCKHMl1 513hIKaMl1 nOHSITl1e H01,fUOHaJIU3Q1,fUU np1106peTaeT 11 oco6oe TOJlKOBaH11e: «B03Bpa1lleH11e B aKTl1BHhIH CJlOBapHhlH 3anac onpe,neneHHhlX cnoes JleKCHKH, CB513aHHhlX C Tpa,D.HU1151Ml1 Hau110HaJlhHOH caM06bITHOCTl1, ,nyxoBH0H )1(113Hl1 11 T.n.» (c.
135).
O,nHaKO ecn11 )J.1151 pyccKoro 513hIKa HaU110HaJ1113aU11SI 11C4epnhrnaeTC51 TaKl1M nOHHMaH11eM, TO «,D.1151 6eno pyccKoro 11 yKpa11HCKOro 6onee cyllleCTBeHHhlM 51BJl51eTC51 ,npyrott acneKT Hau110Han113au1111, KOTopaSI B ,naHH0M cny4ae 3aKJll04aeTCSI B ,nepyc11cp11Kau1111» (TaM )Ke).8 MOHOrpacp1111 HaUHOHaJll13aUH51 He npOTHB0TTOCTaBJ151eTC51 HHTepHau110-Han113au1111 11 He CB513aHa C nypHCTl14eCKl1Ml1 B3rJ151,D.aMl1 no OTH0- rneHl1IO K 11HTepHaU110HaJ1113MaM. I1yp113M npOS!BJl51eTC51 B HeKOTOpOH CTeneHH Jll1illh Tor.na, «Kor.na l1HTepHau110HaJll13Mhl BOUIJ111 B OT,D.eJlhHhie 513h[Kl1 nocpe,D.CTB0M ,1J.OMl1H11py10mero Sl3hIKa (cp. p0Jlh pyccKoro KaK nocpe,D.H11Ka ,lJ.JlSI ,npyrnx
BOCT0-4H0CJlaB51HCKl1X Sl3h[K0B; no3T0MY MHOrHe 11HTepHaU110HaJ1113Mhl socnp11Hl1-Ma!OTC51 KaK pyc113Mhl)» ( C.
13 5).
Bee 06m11e TTOJlO)l(eHl151 no,nTBep)l(,D.eHhl ,neTanhHhlM aHMl130M 06UI11pHoro cpaKTH'-!eCKOro MaTep11ana Ha3BaHHhIX CJlaBSIH CKl1X Sl3hlKOB.YKa3aHHhie reH,neHu1111 s3a11Mo,neHCTBY10T ,npyr c ,npyroM. Ilo)Kanytt, oco6eHHO 3aMeTHa 11X CBS13h C npQ2MamuKO-CtnWIUCll1U'łeCKUMU meH<JeH1,fUJ/.MU (rn. 4). I1p11 3TOM, ecn11 paHee MO)KHO 6bJJ10 rosop11Th o 60JlhllieH HJ111 MeHbUieH ynOTpe611TeJlh HOCTl1 Tex 11Jll1 11HhlX CJlOB006pa30BaTeJlhHhIX cpe,nCTB B onpe,neneHHhlX cpyHKUHOHaJlhHhlX CTHJlSIX, TO B HaCT0511.1lee speMSI, KaK CBH,lJ.e- TeJlhCTBYIOT aITTOphl MOHOrpacp1111, npo11cxo,n11T H3MeHeH11e KOMMYH11KaTl18HhIX. HOpM 11 803paCTa!Ol.1lM pOJlh yCTHOCTl1, '-!TO CKa3hIBaeTCSI Ha c,ns11rax TPM11U110HHhlX. CTHJleBhIX rpaH11U, OTpa)KaS! nparMaTl1K0-CTHJll1CTH4eCKHe TeH,D.eHU1111 ( C. 187). B uenoM nparMa Tl1KO-CTl1J111CTl14eCKl1e TeH,neHU1111 B KHl1re paccMaTp11Ba!OTCSI ,nsycT0pOHHe:
Stylistyka XII
.u11cpcpepeHUH3UHH CJ10B006pa30BaTeJlbHblX cnoco6os H cpe,ucTB, C .upyroii TeH,ueHUWI K crnpaHHlO no.uo6HOH .UHcpcpepeHUH3UKH. MHorne <peHOMeHbl, KOTO pb!e paHee onHCblBaJlHCb KaK npo.srnneHHe «,UeMOKpaTH33UHH 513b!Ka» (no HOBOH TepMHHOJlOrHH - «K OJ1J10KBH3J1H33UHH» ), HMeIOT 51pKO Bblpa)l(eHHY IO nparMaTw-1ecKyIO <pyHKUHIO.
B pa3,uene
4.2 ( 4.2.1)
l1.OHxai13ep .uaeT no.upo6HhIH H rny6oKHH KpHTH'łeCKHH aHaJ1H3 JlHTepaTypbl B acneKTe: «nparMaTHKO-CTHJJHCTH4eCK351 .u11cpcpepeH UH3Ul151 CJ10B006pa30BaTeJlbHblX cpe,UCTB l1 TeH,UeHUH.51 ee CTHpaHH.51». BblCK33bJBalOTC51 HHTepeCHbJe coo6pa)l(eHH51 OTHOCHTeJlbHO COOTHOWeHH.51 nOH51THH C/11WIUC/11UKQ H npa?.MQ/11UKQ H .uanee KB3J1HQ)HK3UH51 CJ10B006pa30-BaTeJlhHblX 518JleHHH H,UeT B p.51,ue cny4aes C asTOpCKHX n03HUHH. 8bICKa3bIB3eTC51 coo6pa)l(eHHe H o TOM, '-!TO «BBH.UY 803paCTalOLUeH ponH ycTHOCTH H H3MeHeHHH B YCTHOH ny6nH4HOH pe4H co speMH nepecTpOHKH, a T3K)l(e BBH.UY 803HHKHOBeHH51 TaKHX HOBhlX BH.UOB o6meHH51, KaK 3JleKTpOHH351 n04Ta», nparMaTHKO-CTHJ1H CTH4eCK351 .UH<p<pepeHUH3UH51, OTrpaHH4HB310lU351 pa3rOBOpHyIO pe4b OT pa3rOBOpHoro CTHJ151 H OT ycTHOH ny6nH'łHOH pe4H ((JlHWaeTC.51 o6ocHOBaHHOCTH )J.Jl.51 onHC3HH51 xapaKTepHCTHK cospeMeHHOH ycTHOH KOMMYHHK3UHH» ( C.205).
OTMe4aeTC51 TalOKe, '-!TO npH pacCMOTpeHHH TeH,neHUHH pa3BHTH51 (HanpHMep, ,ueMOKpaTH33UHH) «Hepe,nKO TPY.UHO pa3rpaHH4HTb cnosoo6pa306G/1Ue, T.e.npHMeHeHHe MOOeJIU, H cnosoyno111pe6J1e11ue», B TOM 'łHCJle HCnOJlb3083HHe CJlOB, o6pa3083HHblX OT H3H34aJlbHO pa3rOBOpHblX, a Tenepb ynoTpe6J15leMbIX 6onee WHpOKO (c.
209).
TT03HTHBHO oueHHB351 BblCK33bl83HHe WaHKa (1984)
o 3H3'-IHMOCTH ,UJ151 H3y4eHH51 ((513blKOBbIX CMeH>> 3KCTpanHHrBHCTH4eCKHX cpaKTopos, snnOTb .UO y'-łeTa He TOJlbKO COUHaJlbHOH CHTY3UHH, HO H HHTeHUHH na PTHepoB no KOMMYHHK3UHH, aHaJ1H3a He TOJlbKO npo.uyueHTa, HO H peuHnHeHTa, Ottxaibep rosop11T, 4TO no ee Ha6n10,ueHH51M cpopMbI 513bIKOBOH Hrpb1 s pa3HhIX THnax fa3eT H )l(YPHaJlOB pa3J1H'-ł3IOTC51, TaK <<Hrpa C 513blKOM MeHee xapaKTepHa )J.Jl.51 6yJ1hBapHOH npeccbm, n03TOMY «Heo6xo,nHMO 6onee 'łeTKO Y4HTbIB3Tb KaK asrnpos, TaK H a.upecaTOB onpe.ueneHHbIX HOBWeCTB» ( C.211-212).
TTpH CXO,UHOM B o6meM npoTeKaHHH yKa3aHHbIX TeH,neHUHH B 6enopyccKOM H yKpaHHCKOM 513b!K3X (H3MeHeHH51 KacaIOLUHeC.51 npe)l()J.e scero ny6J1HUHCTHKH, nOBbIWeHHOH B HeH oueH04HOCTH H .UHaJ10fH4HOCTH, KpoMe Toro, - .uenOBOH pe4H) C03,U3eTC51, 0,UH3KO, no MHeHHIO aBTOpa rnaBbl, sne'-łaTJleHHe, 'łTO sonpoCbl COBpeMeHHOH ,ueMOKpaTH33UHH «Hrpa!OT B R3blK03/IQIIUU (a He B caMHX 513b!Kax) EenopyccHH H YKpaHHbl MeHhWYIO ponb no cpaBHeHHIO C .UOMHHHpy!OlUHM sonpOCOM coxpaHeHH.51 H /HJlH o6HOBJleH1{51 HOpM JlHTeparypHoro 513b1Ka, BKJ1l01ł351 ero ycTHble pa3HOBH,UHOCTH B ycnoBH51X: a) sce eme .UOMHHHPYIOLUeH ponH
pyccKoro 513bIKa H 6) npeO)].OJieHl151 «Tp51C51HKl1» H «cyp)!(11Ka», xapaKTepHb!X 11MeHHO )].Jl51 YCTHOH pet.fm> ( C.
207).
ÓT)].eJibHbIH pa3)].eJI (
4.3)
nOCB51ll.{eH Hey3yaJibHOMY CJIOB006pa3oBaHl1!0, nOCKOJibKY OKKa3110HaJil13Mbl o6Jia)].alOT 51pKO Bbipa)!(eHHOH nparMaTH'-leCKOH cpyHKL\11ei1; aHaJIH3HpyeTc51 11x 06pa3osaH0e 11 cpyHKL\1111 s CMI1. TTp0 3TOM 0H11 OTJil1'-la!OTC51 noJieMl1'-IHOCTblO H oueHO'-IHOCTblO, 51BJI5IIOTC51 cpe)].CTBOM 11pOHl111 H 513bIKOBOH Hrpb!. B Hl1X MoryT 6bITb ycTaHOBJieHbl, cy)].51 no MaTep11any, Hepe)].KO Me)!(b513bIKOBbie napaJIJieJI11.CneUHaJihHa51 masa
(5)
nocsm11eHa sonpocy JJ.elkTBH51 meHOel-ltfUU R:JbZKOBou 3KOI-IOMUU cpe)].11 HOB006pa30BaHHH, KOTOpblH CB513aH KaK C nparMaT11'-leCKHMl1 TeH)].eHL\H51Ml1, TaK 11 C nocJie)].CTBH5!Ml1 )].JI51 Cl1CTeMbl HOM11Hau1111 OT)].eJibHbIX 513b[KOB. no CJIOBaM pe)].aKTOpa TOMa, aBTOpbl 3TOH rnaBbl «He orpaHl1'-111BalOTC51 Tpa)].Hl\110HHblMH B3rJI51)].aMH, B ueHTpe KOTOpbtX HaX0)].51TC51 yH11Bep6au1151 H pa3Hble cnoco6b! COKpameHHH, HO paccMaTp11BalOT TaK)!(e OT)].eJibHbie CJIOBO o6pa30BaTeJibHbie Tl1nbt KaK npo.SIBJieH11e TeH)].eHL\11H 513bIKOBOH 3KOHOMl111» ( C.24).
Bo BBO)].HOH '-laCTl1 rnaBbl r.HelUHMeHKO OTMe'-!aeTC51 CJIO)!(HOCTb npo6JieMbl 11 HaJil1'-111e pa3HO'-!TeHHH B Jil1TepaType BOnpoca. Onpe)].eJI51eTC51 3TO TeM, '-!TO npo6-JieMa 513blKOBOH 3KOHOMHl1 HaXO)].HTC51 Ha CTblKe )].11Cl\11nJIHH - co6CTBeHHO Jil1HrBl1CTHKl1, COL\HOJil1HrBHCTl1K11, nCHXOJIHHrBl1CTl1Kl1, T.e. Tpe6yeT Me)!()].11-Cl\HnJI11HapHoro paCCMOTpeHl151. 803pacTaH11e )!(e 11HTepeca K npo6JieMe Bbl3BaHO KaK Jil1HrBl1CTH'-leCKHM, TaK H 3KCTpaJI11HrBl1CTl1'-leCKHM cpaKTopaM11, B '-!aCTHOCTl1 pacnpOCTpaHeHl1eM HOBb!X )!(aHpOB 3JieKTpOHHbIX CMI1, yc11JieH11eM BJil151Hl151 Ha Jil1TepaTypHbIH 513blK ycTHO-pa3roBOpHOH pe'-IH.
CyweCTBeHHO, '-!TO 513b[K0Ba51 3KOHOMl1.SI paccMaTpHBaeTC51 aBTopoM «KaK 11MnyJibC )].11HaMl1Kl1 HOMl1Hal\110HHOH Cl1CTeMbI» ( C. 288) - Te311C, KOTOpblH peanmyeTC5! Ha aHaJil13e BOCTO'-IHO- 11 3ana)].HOCJiaB51HCKl1X 513bIKOB. Pa3)].eJI np05!BJieHl1.SI 513bIKOBOH 3KOHOMHl1 B IO)!(HOCJiaB51HCKl1X 513blKaX Ham1caH I1. JlHKOMaHOBOH. ABTOpbl rnaBbl B KOHe'-IHOM C'-leTe nOHl1MalOT no)]. 5!3bIKOBOH 3KOHOMl1eH np11'-1Htty HJil1 nOBO)]. )].OCTl1)!(eHl151 nocpe)].CTBOM Ml1Hl1MaJibHOrO yc11Jil151 )].OCTl1'-lb MaKCl1MaJibHOH 513b!KOBOH ::icpcpeKTl1BHOCTl1 (a66pes11arypb1, co- KpameHH51), HO npH 3TOM orpaHH '-111BaeTC5! cneK Tp CJIOBoo6pa30BaTeJibHblX .SIBJieHHH ( cp. cycp<p11KCaJibHYIO YHl1Bep6au010, o6bI'-IHO npe)].CTaBJI51eMylO B Tpa)].11l\110HHOM CJiaB51HCKOM CJIOB006pa30BaH11H) . B nocJie)].Hee BpeM.SI B CJiaB5!HCKl1X 513bIKax Ha6JIIO)].aeTC51 aKTHBH3al\11.SI yce'-leHH51 OCHOB 11 JJ.pyr11e 51B- JieHl151 no)]. B03)].eHCTBl1eM 11HTepHal\110HaJIH3al\Hl1 JieKCHKl1.
Stylistyka XII
Tio MHeHl-110 aBT0p0B rnaBbl, cne.uyeT Yl.fHTbIBaTb H .upyroe noHHMaHHe 513blKOBOH 3K0H0MHH npHMeHHTenbH0 K cnosoo6pa30BaHHIO, a HMeHHO, l.fTO «cnosoo6pa30BaHHe B uenOM 51BnlleTC51 Bbipa)ł(eHHeM 513blKOBOH 3KOHOMHH, TaK KaK OHO - 6naro.uap51 cneumpH4eCKHM cnoco6aM HOMHHaUHH B cpopMe OLl,HOro cnosa - scer.ua npHBOLl,HT K COKpameHHIO Ha CHHTarMaTHl.feCK0M ypOBHe» (c.
283).
TioCKOnhKY .ueHCTBHe 513blKOBOH 3KOHOMHH B cnosoo6pa30BaHHH BeLl,eT, KaK CKa3aHO, K COKpameHHIO Ha CHHTarMaTHl.feCK0M ypOBHe, TO Ha napamirMaTH l.feCKOM 3T0 Bblpa)ł(aeTC51 B B03HHKHOBeHHH sapHaHTOB. BapHaTHBHOCTb o6bll.fHO conpoBO)ł(Ll,aeTCll CTHnHCTHKO-nparMaTHl.feCKOH, COUHanbHOH H cpyHKUHO HanbHOH .UHcpcpepeHUHau1-ie11. Hap51.UY C 3THM paccMaTpHBalOTCll H cnyl.faH HH senHpOBaHHll CTHnHCTHl.feCKOH ..UHcpcpepeHuHaUHH H HX npHl.fHHbl.
AttanH3 cucmeMHo-cmpyKmypHhlX meHoeH'LfUU (rn. 6) B MOHorpacpHH cocpe,LI.OTOl.feH Ha y..uenhH0M sece l.faCTeH pel.fH cpe..uH MOTHBHpOBaHHblX H MOTHBHPYIOW.HX cnos. Pa3nHl.fHa51 npe..ucTasneHHOCTb onpe..ueneHHbIX cnoso o6pa30BaTenbHblX KaTeropHH cpe,LI.H 0TLl,enI,HbJX l.faCTeH pe4H H cpe.uH KaTeropHH TpaHC003HUHH, MyTaUHH H MOLl,H(pHKaUHH o6b51CH51eTC51 HOMHHaTHBHhlMH H CTHnHCTHl.feCKHMH cpaKTopaMH. ABTOpOM rnaBbl - H.OHxaH3ep - OTMel.faeTCll HHTepeCHblH cpaKT: npOH3B0Ll,CTB0 cnos OT 3aHMCTBOBaHHH OTnH4aeTCll npe..ucKa3yeMOCTblO H perynllpH0CTblO. AHanH3 MOTHBaUHOHHbIX OTHOllleHHH HeonorH3MOB noKa3bIBaeT .uepHBaUHOHHYIO aKTHBH0CTb HOB006pa30BaHHH.
B CB513H C y..uenbHblM BeCOM B C0CTaBe MOTHBHpOBaHHblX cnoB pa3nH4HblX 4aCTeH pel.fH Yl.fHThIBaeTCll aKTHBH3aUHll npecpHKCaUHH 3aHMCTB0BaHHbIX rnaronos (Ha MaTepHane pyccKoro 513bIKa), OTHOCHTenbH0 )ł(e y..uenbHoro seca MOTHBHpy!OIUHX cnoB s Kal.feCTBe cneuHaJlbHOH npo6neMbl paccMaTpI-rnaeTCll onocpe..UCTBOBaHHall MOTHBaUH51. TTpH aHanH3e MOTHBHPYIOIUHX cnos Yl.fHTbIBaeTC51 He TOnbKO acneKT npoH3B0Ll,CTBa HOBoo6pa30BaHHH, BOCXO.Jl.511UHX K BHYTPHKaTeropHanbHblM npoueccaM, HO H «B03MO)ł(HOe npe..unol.fTeHHe onpe..ueneHHblX MOTHBaUHOHHblX OTHOllleHHH, KOTopoe MO)ł(eT 3aBHCeTb H OT ccpep HOMHHaUHH», HanpHMep B pyccK0M 513bIKe. «3a nocne,LI.HHe .ueC51THneTH51 npH o6pa30BaHHH OTcy6cTaHTHBHblX rnaronos TOnhKO l.feTblpe H3 I I-TH cnosoo6pa3oBaTenbHhlX KaTeropHH OKa3anHCb aKTHBHblMH» (c.
323).
ÓTMel.faeTC51 HepeanH30BaHHOCTb MOTHBHPYIOIUHX rnaronos (H aKTHBH3aUH51 cymecTBHTenbHblX) B CB513H He CTOnbK0 co cnosoo6pa30BaTenbHblMH orpaHHl.feHHllMH, CK0JlbKO c HOMHHaTHBHbJMH H CTHnHCTHl.feCKHMH cpaKTOpaMH (c. 325). TiocneLl,HHM 06ycJ10BneHa HepeanH30BaHHOCTb MOTHBHPYIOIUHX rnaronoB, a TaK)ł(e npo..uyKTHBH0CTb 0TBnel.feHHblX cymecTBHTenbHblX B Hayl.fHblX TeKCTax,
CB513aHHa51 C TeH,!J,eHUHeH 3,!J,eCh K o6o6meHHIO. no MHeHHIO aBTOpa, aKTHBHOCTb o6pa30BaHH51 OTBJle'-łeHHblX cymecTBHTeJlbHblX H Hape'-łHH CTHMyn11pyeTCH cnrnHCTH'-łeCKHMH cpaKTOpaMH H CTpeMJleHHeM K 513b[KOBOH 3KOHOMHH.
0rMe1łaeTC51, '-łTO CJlO)KHble CJlOBa B HeKOTOpblX CJlaB.IIHCKHX 513b1Kax (pyccKOM, 6enopyccKOM, xopBaTCKOM H ,!l,p.) o6orama!OTC51 He CTOJlbKO HOBblMH cnoco6aMH CJlO)Kemu,, CKOJlbKO aKTHBHblM nononHeHHeM y)Ke cymecTBYIOlllHX cnoco6os, KOTOpbie ny'-łUie ,!l,pyrHX COOTBeTCTBYIOT HHTerpaUHH 3aHMCTBOBaHHH. ABTOp 3aMe1łaeT TaK)Ke, '-łTO npH paCCMOTpeHHH MHOrHX HOBbIX npHMepos, OTpa )l(alOlJ.lHX C,!J,BHrH B HCnOJlb3OBaHHH OT,!J,eJlbHblX cnoco6os o6pa30BaHH51 H oueHHBalOlJ.lHXC.11 «KaK npOHBJleHHe THnonorH'-łeCKH H3OJlHPYIOlllHX qepT HJlH )l(e TeH,!J,eHUHH K aHaJIHTH3My» ( CM. rn.
7),
CJle,!J,yeT, O,1].HaKO, «HMeTb B BH,!J,Y, '-łTO OHH HepeJJ.KO OTnH1łalOTC51 eme 3aMeTHOH sapHaHTHOCTblO» (c.334).
TTOKa3b!BalOTC.II TaK)l(e HBJleHH.11 COl.feTaeMOCTH MOpcpeM s o6nacTH HMeHHOH npecpHKCaUHH.
B
'-laCTHOCTH TO, '-łTO pa3BHTHe npecpHKCaJlbHOH HMeHHOH ,!l,epHBaUHH, a TaK)Ke HOBblX THnOB CJlO)l(eHHH, TeCHO CB513aHO C 3aHMCTBO BaHH.IIMH. «l1MeHHO B o6naCTH npecp1-1Kcau111-1 Ha 6a3e 3aHMCTBOBaHHH ycHJlHJlOCbnpeOJ].OJleHHe rpaHHU '-łaCTeH pe'-IH» (c.
335-336).
TaK, B cospeMeHHblX 513bIKax BCTpe1łaIOTC51 O,!J,HH H Te )l(e npecpHKCbl y cymecTBHTeJlbHbIX H y np11naraTeJ1bHbIX, y cymecTBHTeJlbHbIX H rnaronos, cp., HanpwMep, B nonbCKOM: ekstraklasa 1-1 eks tranowoczesny; reidycja 11 reedukować.PaccMaTpHBaeTCH H sonpoc BJ1H.IIHH51 HHTepHaUHOHaJIH3aUHH Ha CO'-łeTaeMOCTb KOMnOHeHTOB CJlOB006pa30BaHH51. TTpw 3TOM YKa3bl8aeTC51, '-ITO «nocne,!J,CTBH51 513bIKOBbIX KOHTaKTOB BH,!J,Hbl KaK B caMOH CHCTeMe CJ10B006pa30BaHH51, TaK H B napa,!l,HrMaTH'-łeCKHX, C H HTarMaTH'-łeCKHX H 3nH,!J,HrMaTH1łeCKHX CB51351X npOH38OJ].HblX H CJlO)l(HblX cnoB, a TaK)l(e B cpyHKUHOHHposaHHH HHTepHaUHO HaJibHOH neKCHKH (H ee npOH3BO,lJ,HbIX) B TeKCTax» (c.
336).
TTpe,!l,CTaBJleHHbie B 3TOH rnase BOnpOCbl opraHH'-leCKH CB513aHbl C npo6neMaT HKOH H CO,!l,ep)l(aHHeM CJ1e,!J,y10mei:\ rnaBbl.
B
rnase7 -
TunoJ102u'-1eCKue meH<)eHZfUU (asTOp- Karl Gutschmidt)- nocne 06-cy)l(,!J,eHHR TeopeTH'-łeCKHX H MeTO,!J,H'-łeCKHX BOnpocos, CB513aHHblX C onp e,!J,eJleHHeM nOH51TH51 aHaJIHTH3Ma, npOCJle)l(H8alOTC51 aKTHBHbie npoueccb[ B CJ1O B006pa30BaHHH.B Ka'-łecrne ocHOBbI on11caHHH H3611paeTcH Kottuenu1151 B.CKa
m-1'-łKH.KaK OTMe'-łaeT aBTOp, «BO scex CJlaBHHCKHX 513bIKaX no-npe)l(HeMy npeo6na,1J.aeT acpcpHKCaJibHOe CJlOBOnpOH38O,lJ,CTBO B paMKaX cpneKTHBHOro THna.
Ho HapHJJ.Y C
3THM Ha6n10.naeTCH H TeH,!J,eHUHH K arrnlOTHHaTHBHOCTH», 51p1łe scero OTpa)Ka!Oru.MCH B HMeHHOH npecpHKCaUHH (c. 339). PaccMaTpHBaeTC51 Ho6pa30-Stylistyka XII
samłe COCTaBHbIX (MHOrOCJlOBHbIX) Ha11MHeHOBaHl1H - KaK npOHBJ1eH11e 1130Jll1PYIOW.ero ( aHM11Tl1YeCKOro) Tl1
□
a. Tion11Cl1HTeTl1YeCKl1e t.iepTbl npe,ncTa BJleHbl B aKTl1BHOM CJlO)KeHl111 CJlOB.O6paw.aeTCH BHl1Mam1e Ha TO, '-!TO «pa3Jll1'-11151 Me)KJJ,y OTJJ.eJlbHbIMl1 cna B.s!HCKl1Ml1 H3bIKaMl1 MoryT KacaTbC51 HJlH caMOH TeH,neHI.J,1111 11Jll1 )Ke ... HaJJl1YH.s! H 11C[]0Jlb30BaHl1.s! onpe.neneHHbIX cpopMaHTOB, Hanp11Mep, 11MeHHblX npecp11KCOB» (TaM )l(e).
AsTop np11xo,n11T K BbIBOJJ.Y, YTO Ha ,naHHOM :nane 11ccne,nosaH11»: TPYJJ.HO TOYHO onpe.nenl1Tb «c11ny Ha3BaHHbIX Tl1TIOJlOrH'łeCKHX TeHJJ,eHI . .1,1111 11 11X 11epapx1110 B OTJJ,eJlbHblX CJlaB51HCKl1X 513h1Kax», a OTCIOJJ.a H «Tl1[]0JlOfl1YeCKl1H xapaKTep CJlOB006pa30BaHl1H» (c.
339).
Tip11 H3yt.ieHl1H 3TOro sonpoca cneJJ,yeT yt.ieCTb 11 c11cTeMHO-CTPYKTYPHb111 cTaTyc (He scer.na HCHbIH) p»:JJ.a npo,nyKTl1BHbIX CJlOB006pa30BaTeJlbHblX o6pa3UOB 11 803MO)l(HYIO pa3H11UY Me)KJJ,y BCTpet.ia eMOCTblO CJlOB onpeJJ,eneHHbIX Tl1[]0B B CJlOBap»:x H B TeKCTe, T.e. B acneKTe CTpo.si .si3hIKa 11 ero ynoTpe6nemrn B petrn. HanpHMep, B onpeJJ,eneHHbIX T11nax TeKcTa CJlO)l(Hble CJlOBa BCTpet.iaJOTCH pe)l(e, 1.JeM acpcp11KCMbHbie o6pa30BaHl151 (npH yt.i eTe Toro, 1.JTO B cnosape y CJlO)l(HbIX CJlOB-BeJJ.yw.a.si []03111..{11JI). ,[(Jl»: perneHH.s! 3Tl1X BO□
pOCOB Tpe6yeTC.s! aHanH3 6onee o6rnHpHoro Kopnyca TeKCTOB.fnasa 8 - Te11oe114uu pa3eumWL R3bZKa e 3epKOJ1e K)lllbmypbz pe11u- 0Tn11t.iaeTcH,
□
o)Kany11, Ha116onbrne11 aKTYaJJbHOCTblO B Harne speM»:, nocKOJJbKY B nepHOJJ.bI C0l..{11aJlbHbIX npeo6pa30BaHHH OCTpO BCTalOT BO□
pOCbl HOpMbl Jll1TeparypHbIX 513blK0B, nyTeH HX pa3BHTl151 B CB51311 C ycKopeH11eM H3blKOBblX 113MeHeHHH. KaK TIHllleT OJJ.HH H3 aBTOpOB rnaBbl - Hermann Bieder, «B TaK11e nepenOMHble nep110JJ.bl Ha6n10.naeTCH Ha□
p51)KeHHOe OTHOllleHHe Me)KJJ,y TpaJJ,HL{HOHHOH .s!3blKO BOH HOpMOH H 6blCTpO 113MeH51IOll.l11MCH 513blKOBblM nose,neH11eM, 513blKOBbIM y3ycoM» (c.359). B
nonHTH1.JecK11 Hecrn611nbHbie nep110,nb1 rynbrypbI H3bIK CTaJJKHBaeTCH C TaKHMH npo6neMaM11, KaK COOTHOllleH11e Jll1TepaTypHoro H3bIKa H .npyr11x OTBeTBJleHl1H 513b!Ka, OTHOllleH11e K 11HOH3bl'-!HblM 3al1MCTBOBaHHHM, TIOBblllleHHaH sap11aTHBHOCTb HOpM (oco6eHHO B neKCl1Ke 11 CJlOB006pa30BaH11H), CTHpaHHe rpaHHL{ cpyHKL{HOHaJlbHblX CT11ne11 H JJ.PYrHMl1 npoueccaMH. 3HaMeHaTeJlbHO, '-!TO aBTOpOM no.nt.iepKHBaeTCH pa3Jll1YeH11e B o6naCTH H3bJKOBOH KYJJbTYPbl «HOpMaTHBHOrO acneKTa H3hIKOBOH KYJlbTHBal..{1111 ( COCTOHHHe pa3BHTH51 H3h!KOBOH CHCTeMbI) H KOMMYHHKaTHBHOro acneKTa ypoBH.s! KYJJhTYPhl pet.iH o6w.ecTBa» (c.359).
O,nHaKO Ha 3TOM cpoHe, KaK HaM npe,nCTaBJlJieTCH, 3aMet.iaHHe o CTHpaHHH rpaHHL{ cpyHKL{HOHaJlhHhIX CTHJleH Tpe6osano 6bI 6onee rny6oKOro 11 JJ.H<pcpepeHL{HposaHHOro []OJJ.XOJJ,a. A HMeHHO, eCJlH H MO)KHO rosopHTh o no.no6HOM CTHpaHHH rpaHHL{ OTHOCHTeJlbHO HCTTOJlh30BaHl1H OTJJ.eJlbHhIXJl3bIKOBbIX 3JleMeHTOB -11 TO He BCex CTI1JleH ( cp., Hanp11Mep, Haylł- HblH), TO Bpll.LI. JlH (BO BC.SIKOM cny4ae 3Ha4HTeJlbHO B MeHhilleH Mepe) 3T0 KacaeTCJI CTl1JleBblX 4epT cpyHKQl10HaJlbHblX CTI1JleH H 11X CTHJll1CTl1K0-pe4eB0H (TeKCTOBOH) CHCTeMHOCTl1.
B
B0CT04HOCJlaBJIHCKl1X Jll1TeparypHblX Jl3hIKaX 3a noc11e,UHI1e ,UeCJ1TI1JieTI1JI CBOero po.na «3no6o.uHeBHOCTb)) npo6neM HOpMbl JIBHJlaCb «Hacne.u11eM Jl3bIKOBOH IT0JlHTl1KH C0BeTCKOro nep1-w.ua, C .upyroH CT0pOHbl -nocne,UCTBHJIMH ,UeM0Kpa Tl13aQHH» ( C.3 57).
Xy.uo)!(eCTBeHHaJI JlliTepaTypa, Jl3bIK fa3eT, ,UeJlOBOH Jl3blK nepeCTalOT BblIT0JlHJITb HOpMoo6pa3yIOuzylO cpyHKQHIO. B 3TOH cpyHKQl111 Bee 6onee BhicTynaeT ycTHaJI pe4bCMl1. B
Pocc11H H3MeHeHHJI oTpa)!(aJOTCJI npeHMymecTBeHH0 B aKTHBH3aI.u,rn TeH,UeHQHH K0JlJl0KBl1aJl113aQHl1, a B 6eno pycc1111 11 Ha YKpa11He-B yKpenneHl1H TeppHT0pHanbHblX BapHaHT0B, Kp0Me Toro, TeH,UeHQHl1 .uepycHq>HKaQHH JlHTeparypHOH H0pMbl, 4T0 o6ttapy)!(HBaeTCJI J,f B 06nacn1 cnoBoo6pa30BaH11J1.TTpH paccM0TpeH1u1 KYJlhTYPHOpelłeBhlX HopM0TBOp'-łeCKHX npo6neM CTan KHBaIOTCJI .LI.Be npOTHB0IT0Jl0)!(HblX T0'-łKH 3pemrn - 6011ee Tpa.LI.HQH0HHaJI, paryIOI.QaJI 3a coxpaHeHHe CJl0)!(HBllIHXCJI HOpM JlHTeparypttoro Jl3bIKa H 6011ee 11116epanbHaJ1, BbicrynaIOll{aJI «npoTHB M0HOTOHH0CTH H CTpOr0H CTatt.uapT113aQ J,f),f)) JlHTeparypttoro Jl3bIKa COBeTCKOro nep110.ua. B acneKTe 3TOH .LI.HJieMMbl paccMaTpHBaeTCJI COBpeMeHHOe COCTOJIHHe KYJihTYPhI pe4H B0CT04H0CJiaBJIHCKl1X Jl3h!KOB H .uaeTCJI attanH3 cj>aKTH'-łeCKOro MaTepHana.
,[(eMOHCTp11py10TCJI Ha K0HKpeTHblX npHMepax cpaKTbl aKTHBH3aQHl1 HeJIHTeparypHblX cnoco6oB CJIOB006pa3oBaHHJI H CJIOB006pa30BaTeJibHb[X THIT0B H HX nepe,UBH)l(eHHJI C nep11cpepHH B QeHTp JIHTeparypHOro Jl3hIKa, 0TTeCHeHHe Tpa,UHQH0HHOH acpcpHKCaQHH B IT0Jlb3Y CJI0B0CJlO)KeHHJI H a66peBHaQI1łf, yBeJlH'-łeHHe K0JIH'-łeCTBa BapHaTHBHblX cpe.LI.CTB Bbipa)!(eHHJI (CJIOBO o6pa30BaTeJibHOH CHHOHHMHH). B ccpepe CJl0B0CJl0)!(eHHJI - 3aHMCTBO- BaHHe Mo.neneH H3 3ana.uttoeBponeHCKHX Jl3hIKOB H T . .LI.. (c.
362-365). B
3THX cny4a.six HaJIH Q O nepeKJIH4Ka C .ueHCTBHeM .upyrHX TeH,UeHQHH, on11caHHhlX B npe.ullieCTBYIOLQHX rnaBax.YKpaHHCKHH Jl3hIK B 90-x rr. XX B. 11cnhITh1BaeT cepbe3HhIH Kp113HC H0pM, oco6eHHO B CMl1 H xy,UO)!(eCTBeHHOH JlHTeparype, 4TO Bbl3b!BaeT MH0ro '-łHCJieHHhie 061.QeCTBeHHbie .sl3blK0Be,U4eCKHe .LI.HCKYCCHH. PecpopMaTOpb! BhicrynaIOT 3a .uepycmfrnKaQHIO H yKpaHHl13aQHIO B o6nacTH CJ10B006pa30BaHH.sl (a TaK)!(e B H3BeCTHOH CTeneHH HHTepHaQHOHaJlH3aQHIO). O.nHaKO, npH 3T0M cne.uyeT ylłeCTb, '-łTO « C T04KH 3peHH.sl cpaBHHTeJlbHOH CJlaB.sIHCKOH CJlOBO o6pa30BaTeJibHOH THIT0JlOfHH, B03MO)KH0CTH 0TrpaHH'łeHHJI yKpaHHCKOfO
Stylistyka XII
cnosoo6pa3osamrn OT pyccKoro ,D.OSOJlbHO orpaH11'-!eHbI», nocKOJlbKY, Hanp11Mep, «B CJIOsoo6pa30SaHl111 cyw.ecTSHTeJibHblX yKpaHHCKHH H pyccKHH 513bIKH o6Jia ,D.alOT He MeHee
47
06w.11M11 cnosoo6pa3osaTeJlbHbIMl1 T11naMH» (c.367).
AHanor11'-IHaH c11Tyau_HH s OTHorneHHl1 KYJihTYPhI 513hIKa, cospeMeHHhIX npoueccos CJIOB006pa30SaHIDI H OTHOllleHH51 K HHM co CTOpOHbl o6w.ecTBeHHOC TH Ha6n10,D.aeTcH 11 s 6enopycc1111.
B
3ana,D.HOCJiaS51HCKHX 513bIKax CffTYaUH51 HeCKOJlbKO HH851, XOT51 S pH,D.e acneKTOS H 6Jil13KruI. TaK, s f10J1bllle s u_ettTpe SHl1MaHIDI y'-leHbIX 11 o6w.eCTSeH- HOCTH «HaXO.!J.5ITC51 3Tl1'-!eCKHe sonpOCbl H3MeHeHIDI CTl1JleSblX rpaHHQ 11 Hapywemu1 6bIBllll1X 513blKOSblX Ta6y», s ueHTpe )l(e «BHHMaHH51 aKTYaJibHOH '-!ellJCKOH 513bIKOSOH )1.11CKYCCl1H H8XO,D.HTC51 113MeHHIOW.eec51 COOTHOllleH11e nHCbMeHHOH / JIHTeparypHOH HOpMbl H ycTHbIX pa3HOSH,D.HOCTeH» (c.357).
flo cpaBHeHHIO C 3TOH npo6JieMOH sonpoc 11HTepttaQHOHaJIH3aUHH neKCl1KH CTOl1T He CTOJ!b OCTpo.B
CnoBaKHH Ha nepBblH nJiaH sblcrynaeT npo6neMa OQeHKH nocne,D.CTSl1H MHOfOJleTHero BJil151HIDI '-!ellICKOro 513b1Ka Ha CJIOBaUKHH 11 npeo,D.o- neH11e 3TOro.Pa1,D.eny no 3ana,D.ttoesponeiicKHM 513hJKaM - attan113y cospeMeHHOH JI3bIKOSOH c11ryau1111 11 �aKT11'-!ecKoro MaTepHaJia npeAnocnaHa TeopeT11'-!ecKaH '-!aCTb c ofoopoM 11CTOpH'-!eCKOro pa3Bl1Tl151 Teop1111 JIHTeparypHoro 513b!Ka 11 KYJihTYPhl pe'-!H Ha nporn)l(eH1111
XX
seKa.3aKJIIO'-IHTeJibHa51 9 masa, KaK YKa3h!BaJIOCh, noCBHW.eHa npo6neMe pa36U111Wl JleKCUKU C 1110'-IKU 3peHWl K02HUl11U6HOU JIUH26UCmUKU, SK JIIO'ia10W.a51 ,D.Ba pa3,D.eJia: CJ106006pmo6aHue u JleKCU'-leCKue KOH4enmb1 -
9.1
(Volkmar Lehmann) 11 Ko2-Humu6Hb1e acneKmbl o6pa306QHWl HeOJI02U3M06 (Ha npUMepe /lOJlbCK020 R3blKa)-9.2
(Krystyna Waszakowa). TTo 3aMhicny pe,D.aKTopa 11 asTopcKoro Ko1111eKT11sa BK J110'-lem1e 3THX mas S MOHorpa�HIO MOTl1811posatto CTpeMJ1ett11eM 0Tpa311Th B KH wre aKryaJJbHble sonpOCbl cospeMeHHOH JIHHrBl1CTH'-leCKOH Teop1111 npHMeHH TeJJbHO K cnosoo6pa3osaHHIO.H
,D.eHCTBHTeJlbHO, 3TO yKpawaeT pa6ory, ymy6n51-eT ee Teopymy6n51-eTl1'-leCKYIO CTOpotty.B
pa3,D.ene9.1
nOKa3bISalOTC51 pa3Hble KOfHHTl1SHO-�YHKQHOHaJJbHbie onepa Ql111 S pyccKOM cnosoo6pa30BaHl111 S CS51311 C MHOf03Ha'-IHOCTblO 11 OTMe'-!aeTC51 113-MeH'-!HSOCTh y.D.eJibHOrO seca 3Tl1X onepaUHH Ha npOT5I)KettHH HeCKOJlbKHX seKOS.B
pa3,D.eJJe9.2
npe,D.CTaBJJeHbl nOJIO)KeHH51 KOrHl1Tl1BHOH rpaMMaTl1Kl1 P.JlaHraKe pa np11MeH11TeJ1bHO K noJJbCKl1M HOSoo6pa3osaH1151M. U,eHHO, '-!TO B 06e11x masax SbICKa3hISalOTC51 noJIO)KeHH.ll O nepcneKTHsax )1.aJibHeHllIHX conocTaSHTeJJhHblX HCCJJe,D.osaHHH. TaKHM o6pa30M, ,D.aHHa51 masa noCSHW.eHa He OT,D.eJJbHblM TeH)J.eHQH5IM pa3SHTH51, a MemoóaM UCCJleó06QHUR 11 on11caHl151 5IBJleHHH c11osoo6pa1osaHH51 no,D. KOfHl1THSHhlM ymoM 3peHl151.ABTOpbl 06011x pa3.D,eJlOB rnaBbl HCX0.D,.SIT 113 Toro, '-!TO «KOHL(enT)'aJlbHOe C03HaHHe .Sl3blKOBOro o6meCTBa OTpa)KaeTC.SI B CHCTeMe npOH3B0.D,HblX CJIOB H ee pa3BepTbIBamrn. CaMO KOHL(enT)'aJlbHOe pa3BHTHe npO.SIBJI.HeTC.SI pa3JIH'-!HblMH cnoco6aMH: B 3aMeHe O.D,HHX JieKCH'-!eCKHX KOHL(enTOB .n,pyrnMH, B pacw11peH1-rn JieKCH'łeCKHX KOHL(enTOB, B C03.D,aHHH HOBblX H HC'-!e3HOBeHHH CTapb!X» (c.
389).
B.JleMaHH onpe.n,eJI.HeT JieKCH'-łeCKHH KOHL(enT KaK «COBOKYTTHOCTb JleKCH'-!eCKHX 3Ha'-!eHHH, Me)K.n,y KOTOpb!MH cymecTBYJOT onpe.n,eJieHHble MOTHBaUHOHHble CB.Sl3H» (TaM )Ke). Hcxo.n,.si H3 OCHOBHOro 3Ha'-!eHH.SI BOCCTaHaBJIHBaJOTC.SI CB.Sl3H Me)K.n,y JieKCH'-!eCKHMH 3Ha'-!eHH.SIMH KOHuenTa Ha OCHOBe noJ111CeMHH 11 CJIOBOo6pa30BaHH.SI. TaKHM o6pa30M, JieKCHKOJIOrl-1'-leCKHM COOTBeTCTBHeM KOH uenry .SIBJI.HeTC.SI JieKCH'-!eCKOe rHe3.D,O. Oco6oe BHHMaHHe y.n,eJI.HeTC.SI TOMY, '-!TO M0THBaUHOHHble OTHOUieHH.SI 6a3HPYJOTC.SI Ha JieKCHKO-CeMaHTH'-!eCKHX sapHaHTax CJIOB. TeM caMb[M noJIHCeMH.SI BKJIIO'-!aeTC.SI B CJ10B006pa3oBaHHe. OrMe'-!aeTC.SI TaK)Ke, '-!TO QlYHKUHOHaJlbHbie onepaUHH H .D,Jl.SI CJIOB006pa30BaHH.SI, H .D,JI.SI TT0JIHCeMH3aUHH - 0.D,HH H Te )Ke. KpoMe Toro YKa3hIBaeTC.SI, '-!TO MO)KHO CHHXp0HH0 peKOHCTpy11posaTb JieKCH'-!eCKHH KOHL(enT H TaKHM o6pa30M 0Tpa3HTb ero HCTOpH'-!eCKOe CTaHOBJleHHe. O'-leHb HHTepeceH B 3TOM OTHOUieHHH no.n,pa3.n,en CJ1oeoo6pmoeaHue u pmeumue JleKCU'leCKUX KOH71enmoe ( c.406-41 O).
BawaKOBOH np11 on11caH1111 KorHHTHBHhIX CTPYKTYP, J1e)Kam11x s ocHose HOBhJX npOH3B0.D,HblX CJIOB(9.2)
noKa3b!BaeTC.SI pOJib cpasHeHH.SI H o6pa3HOCTH; B '-!aCTH0CTH, Ha npHMepe nOJibCKHX HeOJIOrH3MOB paccMaTpHBalOTC.SI acneKTbI: pa3BHTHe cxeM, cnoco6HOCTb IT03HaHH.SI KOrHHTHBHO 3Ha'-!HMOH HHQ)OpMal.(HH, MeTa<µOpH3al.(H.SI H .n,pyrne.TaKHM o6pa30M, B 3TOH rnase noKa3aHa CB.Sl3b CJIOBOo6pa30BaHH.SI H KYJibT)'pbl, a HMeHHO TO, '-!TO «KOHUenT)'aJlbHOe C03HaHHe o6mecTBa OTpa)KaeTC.SI B CHCTeMe npOH3B0.D,HbIX CJlOB H ero pa3BepTbrnaHHH» (c.
391).
AsTopaMH noKa3blBaeTC.SI MexattH3M 3THX npoueccos 11 MeTO.D.hI ero H3y'-leHH.H H on11caH11.si.B ueJIOM peueH3HposaHHa.H MOHOrpa<µH.SI HeCOMHeHHO np11BJ1e'-!eT BHHMaHHe cneUHaJlHCTOB, XOT.SI B HeH MO)KHO OTMeTHTb HeK0TOpyJO HenOJlHOT)' ocsemeHH.SI paccMaTp11eaeMbIX npo6neM, Hanp11Mep, s ITJ1aHe Toro, '-!TO He no sceM sonpocaM npe.D,CTaBJleH MaTep11an ecex CJiaB.HHCKHX .Sl3bJKOB, a TaK)Ke - nopoH OTCYTCTBHe e.D,HHCTBa e OnHCaHHH O.D,HHX 11 Tex )Ke TeM. O.n,HaKO nocJ1e.D,Hee .D,a)Ke HenJIOXO s CMbICJie B3aHMO.D,OnOJIHHTeJibHOCTH o6cy)K.D,aeMbIX npo6JieM, nepsoe )Ke o6b.HCH.HeTC.SI CJIO)KHOCTblO 11 HeHCCJie.D,OBaHHOCTb!O eme s CJiaBHCTHKe HMeHHO sonp0COB pa3BHTH.SI CJIOBoo6pa3oBaHH.SI H, TaKHM o6pa30M, He.D,OCTaTKOM <µaKTH'-!eCKOro MaTep11ana. KpoMe roro, HanoMHHM, '-!TO B 3a.D,a'-IH aBTOpCKOro
Stylistyka XII
KOJlJleKTliBa li He BXO.llliJlO CODOCTaB11TeJ1bHOe li3y'-!eHlie scex cnaBHHCKliX CJ10BO o6pa30BaTeJlbHbIX CliCTeM 6 l{eJIOM.
C03.llaHHbIH asTOpCKliM KonneKTHBOM DO.Il pyKoBO.llCTBOM l1.OHxa113ep Tpy.n, npe.llCTasm1eT co6011 6ecnpeu,e.lleHTHoe .srnnem,e cospeMeHHOH cnaBHCTw-1ecKoH HayKli li MO)!(HO TOJlbKO DO)!(eJlaTb HHliU,liaTopy ceplili CODOCTaBliTeJlbHbIX liCCJle.llOBaHliH CliCTeM H cpyHKU,liOHHposaHli51 CJlaBHHCKliX 513bIKOB Dpocp. CT. faA.lle .llaJlbHeHWliX ycnexos s ocyw,ecTs11emn1 BbmycKa nocne.llyJOw,Hx TOMOB H3.llaHli51.
MAP I'AP HTA KO)l(JfHA
NAJNOWSZE DZIEJE JĘZYKÓW SŁOWIAŃSKICH. JĘZYK POL
SKI,
RED. NAUKOWY S. GAJDA
Uniwersytet Opolski. Instytut Filologii Polskiej, Opole, 2001, 540 ss.
B 2001
ro.Iły B H3.llaTenbCTBe ODOJlbCKoro yHttsepc11TeTa Bb1we11 H3 ne'-laTH O'-!epe.n,HOH TOM cepliH Dy611HKaU,1iH DO.Il o6w,HM Ha3BaHHeM «HoseHwaH HCTOpHH CJlaBHHCKHX 513blKOB». 3THM 113.llaHHeM, DOCBHW,eHHbIM DOJlbCKOMY 513bIKY, DpaKTH'-!eCKH 3asepwaeTC51 YHHKaJTbHOe, 6e3 Dpeyse1111'-!eHHH, Hay'-IHO-HCCJle.llO BaTeJlbCKOe Dpe.llDPliHTHe, crnswee, Ha Haw B3rJ151.ll, B PH.Il BbJ.D,alOW,HXCH JlOCTH )!(eHliH cospeMeHHOH cnaBliCTHKH.CepHH 6bIJla 3a.llyMaHa, sepOHTHO, KaK DpHypO'-!eHHOe K «py6e)!(y BeKOB» 0606w,ett11e tta6J110.lleHHH Ha.u. 513blKOBblMli Dpou,eccaMH B cnaBHHCKOM MHpe. TTpli BCeH ycnOBHOCTH TaK Ha3bIBaeMblX KpyrnbIX .llaT, HeJlb351 He cornaCHTbCH, '-!TO
20
BeK, a B oco6eHHOCTH ero BTOpaH D0JlOBHHa, 6bIJ111 speMeHeM HaCTOJlbK0 .llł!HaMH'-!HbIM, HaCTOJlbKO HaCbIW,eHHblM co6bITH51Mli MHpOBOro 3Ha'-!eHH51, '-!TO MHorne HapO.llbl - HX MaTepHaJlbHaH 11 .n,yxOBHaH KYJ1brypa, liX o6pa3 MblCJleH, a CTaJTO 6bITb, 11 HX 513blKH - 3a :no 0THOCHTeJlbHO K0pOTKOe speMH DpeTepDeJlH 113MeHeHH51, .D,1151 K0TOpbIX B DpOWJlble 3DOXH DOTpe6osanocb 6bI He 0.llHO CTOJleTHe.MlipOBbie BOHHbJ, COU,liaJlbHbJe DOTp.siceHH.sl li Hay'-IHO-TeXHH'-leCKHe peBOJl!Ol.1, liH
20
BeKa Bbl3BaJTli BeCbMa aKTHBHbie Dpou,eCCbl B HHTenneKryaJTbHO-.llYXOBHOH.lleHTCJlbHOCTli li o6ycnOBHJ111 .D,HHaMH'-!Hble H3MCHCHH51 B 513b1Kax MHpa. CKa3aHHOe 6onee BCero, sep0.s!THO, CDpaBC.llJlHB0 DpHMCHHTCJlbHO K CJTaBHHCKOMY
