H He
aywaio,
htoöbi oto HcaoopomeaaTeabiioe OTHOineHie Hdcena kbhhhícthoíi iHHHocTH iiojiB iiaocb y Hero como no c e d í, 6e3B bchkoíi cbs3
h cb ero OTBomemeMB kb meHCKOMy Bonpocy. H AVMaio, htoy
Móeeaa cb caMaro iiaa a aa chabho duao OTpapaTeabHoe oraomeHie kb meHCKoft OMaHcanapiii, B03ÓymAeHHoe bb HeMB ando ero BocHHTaHifiMB, ando KappmcaTypHUMH npoaBaeHiaMH otoííOMaHciinapiH, ho OTOMy OTpiipaTeabHOMy OTHomeHiio cymaeHO duao ycTynhti> M ic ro caMOMy nuaKOMyconyB-B ÎO P O E conyB-B nE H A T A conyB-B H IK .
76 r E H P H K l HEC EH B.
jctbím. Tj’t b pa3cyflOKT> MóceHa OAepaeaaB BepxB HaxB ero h j b c t b o m i. Oh b, K a ra HCTHH B03TB, BB COCTOUHÍH BCeiO Ay1^ ® BpexaTbCH H Xeí, Be B03ÓyHeAaBUieH BB HeMB cita n ana uBKaKoro BHTepeca u CAknaraca ea opraHOMB, k b k b toałko eMy ciaHeTB acHO, hto 3Ta Hxea OABa b3b óoeBEiiB Hxeñ coBpeMeBHOCTH, npexcTaBxatoipaH bcé uiaHCŁL Ha bcjihkjio (tyxyiBHOcra. H teorxa iH T a e in t b b nocakAHeft c p e a i „K yieoxb- Haro ÄOMa“ sth penxHteu, K o io p tia pa3xaiOTca nepexB HaMB, k h k b y ^ a p ti Moaora, H anp., p e tu n io l ’ejibMepa“ :
„Himor^a HHKTO He noaeepTByeTB CBoeio necratoa-ib Toro, Koro j h o ö h t b“ , u Hopa:
„ 3to x k ia jm cothh tu ch hb aceHmriHB“ , p e n m en , OTtepuBatoipifl óe3AHy Meawy jB yM a cynpyraMH, cbahiphmh Ha ä b v x b iipoTttBonoxoaeHbixB CTopoHaxB ea, óe3XHy 6o x te yatacHyio, h í;m b Ta, b b b b a í KOTopoñ pticoBaxH noA3eMHbtn MipB ^peBHia poMaHra- necteia jp a M U ,— nyBCTByeutb, hto IlßceHB He toxbko B cep iao npoHHitca h^ hmu CBoero BpeMeHH, ho npH^aaB h m b ô o jrie rpaH/ijo3Hbiií xapateTepB u pa3pa6oTKy, tu kb hto cnaoto CBoero ncKyccTBa BAOXHOBttaB hmh xaaee MHoria 3a rp y6rk ib ia cepxpa. llb e c a npoH3- BopnTB CHabHoe B nenaTaktie, x o ia ao H ÍK O iopofl CTeneHH h haboahtb Ha HacB yatacB. Bb TeneHie p k ia r o paAa c t o a ít íh oóipoctbo nepe3B nocpeACTBO ‘cbohxb MOpaaiICTOBB H B03T0BB BOCBÍBaAO,KaKB CBaCHTeXbHyiO raBaHb, ÓpaiCB, OCHOBaHHblH na aioÓBH, ópaKB, b b teoTopufi xpeTbe aupó He xobhcho hhko bm b oópa30MB bm'éb ih- BaTbca. Tenepb HaMB Eoi;a3biBaiOTB, hto 3Ta raBaHb noaBa noABOAHWXB KaMHeii h Meaeft. A b b to ace BpeMa H6ceHB teateB ó h tyuihtb bcé Maaten.
3a „KyKoabHbiMB ao m o m b“ noca'feAOBaaa xpawa „U pH B H A tH ia“ . Bxkcb, k b k b h b b nepBOft ApaMrÉ, iiscakAOBaHiio noABepraeTca ópateB, ToabKo cb npoTtiBono- AoacHOH CTopoHbi. Cumoio reHiajtbHOto h npeKpacHOH) nepTOto b b „KyKoabHOMB a o m í“ aBaaeTca b b ocoóeHHOdn to, hto Hocchb t h k b mhoto xopom aro npmiHCbiBaeTB Myaey. KatetiMB ToabKo npetepacHbtMB ue cA^aaaB ero HóceHB! Oh b h b b Bbicmeö c ie ñ e hh necTBbiii, nopaAonitHii aeaoBiKB, h npeBoexoABuft xo3anHB AOMa, CTporo oöeperatotpiii cboio caMocToaTeabiiocTb otb Bcaiearo xaiw eH ia co CTopoBbi nocTopoH- HHXB anpB H BOAHHBeHHUXB, H B tpH blfl CyitpjTB, H CTpOriit H XlOÓaipitl 0T6PB, B AOÓpoAyuiHbifl, acTeTHTecKii BOCitHTaHHbiH neaoBtKB h T. a.— -a b c e ae e! A Bee aee aeeHa 3Toro neaOBiiea aBjiaeraa acepTBoto, a ero ópateB— 3aMypoBaHHOio rpoóHHpeto.
MyaeB b b cynpyaeecTB'k, ii3o6paaeeHHOMB cb TaieitMB MacTepci’BOMB b b „ I lp a - BHA'iHiaxB“ , npeACTaBAaeiB noaHyto npoTHBOuoaoaeHocTb Myaey Hopbi: 3to rpyöbift aeaoBiKB, ttbaHiipa, HeAeaHieaTHbiti, nopoHHbtfi; ho y Hero Mfloro rfexB tcanecTBB, ko- 'ropbiMH HHKyAa He roAHbie aioah tacTO yattOTB nAÍHBTb cepAPa aiOAeti, mhoto
BHABMaro, npHBaeicaTe.TbHaro AOÖpoAyuiia, ttikb hto ero aceHa noaynaeTB B03Moae- HOCTb CKpbIBaTb ero' OÓpa3B ÍKH3BB h COXpaHHTb BHAIIMOCTb, ÔyATO Bce OÖCTOHTB ôaaronoàyHHo. OciaBaacb aeHTb cb h h m b, nocBaTHBB ce6a vxoay 3a h h m b, oHa He TOAbíeo noacepTBOBaaa cbohmb aHHHbiMB óaarococTOHHieMB h cpacTbOMB, bo h ca^ - aaaacb MaTepbto |norHÔmaro otb poaeAeuia cyu;eciBa, cbma, KOToparo iipecbiipeHie acH3HbH), OTtaaHie, 6e3yM¡e h h xîo th3m b nopaaeaioTB npn caMOMB BCTynaeHin b b B03MyæaxbiH B03pacTB. A bce ace! Bce aee nacra oöipecTBa, itpeAcraBBTeAeMB
BTOPOE B Q E 4A T.IT.H IE . 7 7
KOTopoH c.iyjKHTT. n a e T o p B M a H je p c B , H a io jH T i, h to n p n H e c e m e ero b b acepTBy ce6a a c tm a — oófl3aHHOCTb, a n o n u r a a icb B03CTaHiro h p o t h b b 3T oro y a ta c H a ro n o a o - aceH ifl— n p e c T y n jie H łe .
Bb 3t o m b 3 a K jn o ia e T c a na ifro cB n se cB i, a s t ó t b n a p o c i H aB e .iB n a B e c t <f»H- jiHC TepcFiiii M ip B ó o jb in iii yżitacB , tŁm b ja s c e „K y K O J ib H u a j o m b“ . Ha 3t o t b pa 3B K a 3 a jio c b , 4to H ó ce H B noT.yuiHJiB Bcfe s B f e j u . „ H a o cho to C B t a a r o n y H K T a !“
O ra o in e H ia M e asjy MyaieM B a aceHoro H3o6paaceabi b b „ n p a B H jt H i ir a B “ b b h o b o m b o c B iip e m a : M a cu rra ó o M B h x b HBjmeTCH o T H o m e aie k b peOeHKy. JJpaM a b b a o B T H a e c K O H ( j) o p M t o ó c y /K ja e T B H jeso H a c iris jc T B e H H O C T H c b t o t k u 3 p i? H ia ''je T e p M H - HH3M a, n p o H3H e e u ia ro b b coB peM eaH oa H a y K i; n o c jiijH e e cjiobo O TH ociirejibH O b to to s o n p o c a ; OHa n o K a s m a e T B , KaKB c y jb ó a peóeH K a n p e jp iin a e r c a e ro p o ja T e jiir a a , a n p n ja e T B 3TOMy DOKa3aH iro ocoóeHHO cepb e3 H b ifi a H a B o jm p iii a a pa 3 M u m .iie a iH x a - p a m e p B , y K a3aH ieM B H a o 6 in e n p n 3 H a H H u ft (jtaKTB, H a K o r o p u n H aa eK ae T B a
3arjia-
Bie H b e c u , HMeHHO, H a H a c jiijc T B e H H y ro npeeMCTBeeHOCTb ayBCTBB ( a noM O inbro h x b H J O r M a T O B B ) , B [J 3 B ;iH IIb IX B KB JKH3 HH yCJIOBiflMH, ja B H O YIKO óeSC.rfcjHO H C 4 G3 U V K - H IH M H H yCTyHHBUIHMH MtCTO jp y r H M B ^ M e J K jy T ^ M B 3TH a y B C T B a n p O X O J U K a H )T BynopHO OTCTaaBaTb h x b.
BoabuiO H HHTepecB j . i f l H 3C .rtji;0 B aH ifl n c a s o J io rm e c K a ro pa 3B H T ia H ó c e H a n p e j - CTaB.IH0TB BUÓOpB HMeHHO 3T0B0 CIOHCeTa, HOTOMy 0TO Mbl BH epBbie BHJHMB S J^C b, KaKB H6ceHB n p o p u B a e T B 3 a K O W B a H H o e K o a b p o , k o t o p u m b e ro H H jH B H ;jy a jm 3 M B o iB a T H B a e T B oóuKHOBeHHO Kaacjioe O T ^ J ib H o e ^a n ,o . Bb n a c b M f. o t b 1 8 7 1 r . H Óc o h b HHnieTB M a t c j i i j y r o i n i f l c.iO B a, KO Topua b b e ro y cT a xB n p e jc T a B .u aio t b ć o .ib - m o e 3H aaeH ie.
„ ____H coócTBeHHO H H K o rja He nyBC TBO Bafflb-ocoóeH H aro npacTpacTia k b c o j h -japHO CTH h b b cymHOCTH B c e r ja oT H ocaaca k b H ea, KaKB k b aeM y to T p a jH a io H - HOMy. Ecjh 6bi y h k c b x b u t h.i o MyacecTBa B fio ju rl; h B c e p ta o O T]it,uinTi>ca o t b 3 T 0 r0 B033p’feHia, MW H3 6aBH.THCb 6bl OTB BCerO 6a.M aC Ta, THKHMB THJKeJIUMB TH e- t o m b jio H ca ip a ro H a j ih t h o c t h. . . “
T e n e p s , n o c j i i je c a r a jiIj t b, o h b h o h o b Bce 3H aaeH ie cojm jap H O C T H , h o h h j ib,.
tt o „M yacecTB a“ o jH o r o n e jo cT a T O T n o , T r o6w s a c ia B H T b n a c B B 03B U caTbcn n a .ri.
h h m b, h 4to m u (¡c l;, HecMOTpa H a Bce p a s a n a ie H auiH XB c y je Ó B , CBH3aHu y s a M ii COJHjapHOCTH CB .IHHHOCTJIMH 0 OTHOHieaiaMH, H a jB KOTOpUMH MU He B il OCTEM.
O aeBH jH O , hto Iló c e H b , n o M t p t t o t o, KaKB r o j u n u ra , BC TynaaB B ce b b f i o a t e h ó o ir ie r tc H y r o CBH3b c b o c h o b h u m h a je a M a C Boero BpeMeHa.
TaKH M B o6pa30M B M U BHJHMB, KHKB H fa e H B , KOTOpUBi, KaK B HOTTH BC,fv coBpeM eHH ue óojrfce n o a c a m e n a c a ie m , c t o m b cHanaaa no rpyaceH H U M B n o n o a c B b b poMaHTH3MB, M a .io n o M a .iv ocBO Ó O JKjaeicfl o t b H e r o , a Bce C o.rl.e n ó o a t.e npoH H KaeTca coBpeMeHHUMH a je a M H , n o n a , HaKOHen,B, He jija a e T c a c h m u m b c o B p e - MeHHUMB H3B COBpeMeHHUXB H03T0BB. 9tH M B , nO M O C M y rjiyÓOKOMY y O llK JC H iro , OHB 3a ca ya ca .iB ce61; H e y B a ja e M yro c a a B y , a e ro n p o H3B e je H ia n p io ^ p i-T H npaB O n a
7 8 rE H P H K B HBCEHB.
npoHHoe cymecTBOBiiHÍe. Borowy h t o h o b b w m e i He ecTb h-è h t o aorMaranecKoe:
s t o üJiaMs jKiiáHíi, en HCKpa, aynia airoxm
ïïe;;0B0JBCTB0, B036yacaeHHoe bo mhothxb Kpyrax'i. oómcciBa „HpHBHa^HiflMH“ , h rpyóaa KpHTHKa, npeaMeiOMB KOTopofi c a to a a c b »Ta apaMa, He OKaacyra,
aaßtp-
Hoe, 3a^epat0BaH)iaaro bjiíhhíh Ha nporpeccHBHoe pa3BHT¡e Hóceea, ho bb nepByw MHHyTy, ohii Moran, KOHeaao, noBeprayTb ero bb yHUHÍe. Bora hto ohbnumera
nut, no 9T0My iiOBOjy:
„ . . . Koraa
a
noayMaio, Kara b m h, Tíimejibi n HenoBopoT.iHBbi yMbi y Haca.jioMa, Koraa
a
noayMaio, Kara HH3MeHna hxb TOHKa 3pÈHÎa,a
coßepnieHHo naj,aio ayxoMB h mh'Í;
mi o p a Kaateica, hto a oxotho 3ai;onTHjn> 6bi
HCMe.peHHO cboio.
ime par y payio
A'taieabHOCTb.¿JoMa
He omyipaiOTT, uhkbkoh HaaoónocTH bb uosth-
hcckhxb nponaBC^eiiiax’b; Ta.m> npercpacHo oóxoamca „ra3CT0f0 cropTHHra“ n „Jlro- TepaHCKHMi) eateHej'ib'iBHHKOM'b“ . A sarfiMb hm
I
üotch eme napTifiHbia ra3eTbi. X mohíi mirra cnocoÓHOCTeñ c.T,-í;aaTbca rpamaaHHBOMB rocyaapcTBa hjih nocataoBaTeaein.rocnojiCTByromeñ pepKBH,
a
pa3B y MeHa h ít b kb aeMy-anöo cnocoÖHOCTen,a
ora 3ïoro OTcrpaHarocb. ^aa Mena eBoôoaa Beanaaimiee h nepBoe ycaonie cymecTBOBa- Hia. l],OMa cjihhikomb Maao 3aÓ0TaTcao CBOÓoai, a
tojimcoo
BOJibHocTan.,o
óoab- IHCMT. M H MeHbHieMT. KO.IHHt'CTIill U X'b, CMOTpa ÏÏ0 OÔCTOHTCabCTBaM'b. Boat,3H(‘llHO BaTponiBaera Mesa TaKate HeaoKOHHeaHoe, raeôencKoe bb HauiHXB oömecTBeHHBixB npeniaxb. BcalpciBie iiocToauubix'b, æoctohhmxt.
noxBajn. ycnaiíi oópamib Haui'bnapoa'f>
b b^MOKpaTimecKoe rocyjapcTBO upiim in
B ri> k o h u,1; k o h r o b b r a c o s a a H iioaaeôencKaro o
6ipecTBa. BaaropoacTBo syxa HaxopTca
bbcnabaoMb ym pid; y HacB...u Bypa, no^HaBuiaaca nocjri noaBaeHia „ IIpHBH;i,B
hift“ , He Moraa He y tc p in im
b b H 6c c h-{i
yótac^eHia
b b h h h t o j k c c t bI ! 6oabinnHCTBa. Bora
h t o o h bnumera
m hI;o6b 3T0MB (3 H H B a p a 1 8 8 2 r.):
„BbepHCOHT. roBopnra: ôoabmuHCTBO Bceraa upaBO. H Kara npaKTHHecKÜi UOaHTHK'b, OHT. MO/KOTT. HM'f’.Th OCHOBaHÎe TOBOpHTb 3TO. Ho
ü,HUHpOTHM. TOrO, yTBCpiKaaio caMbiM'b plaiiirreaiaibiMb oôpaaoMB: npaBO
BceraaMeHbmHHCTBo. CaMO
co6oh