TEOPrií BPAH^ECl3. l

34 rEHP H KT) BEG EH T.

no9THiecKH aacTpoeHHHH THTaiCHb aerKO m o ko tb oöpaTHTbca cb pa3Haro p o ja bo3- paseHiflMH K l B03TV.

0Ta CJiaÓOCTB B B KOMBO3HPÍ0 aerKO OÓBJICHíteTCH T Í MB OÓCTOHTeHbCTBOMB, HTO no3Ma npeacTaB.iHCTT) hhcto yMCTBCHiioe ripon3jíe,ie¡iie. HeMOTHBapoBaHHoe h b-iactch He coBepineHHO óesaprnaHauMB. 3a Coahine») ero n a c n io cKpuBaeTca öo.'rte ra y - (¡OKaa npniHH a, BU3UBaK)iH,afl ero, n p a iaH a, ocHOBHaa apea KOTopoa TpeöyeTB HMeHHO b b 3TOMB irÉ c rl: TaKoro p o ja ^ h c tbíb nan noaoa;enia, h to, mto, ecaii pa3Cíia- TpHBaTB ero caMo no ceó’f;, Kaateicn HaMB coBepineHHO cayiaaHUMB 3nH3opoMB, n a n p., aepecTpoaKa nepKBn, yacHseTCfl paa HacB, k b k b tohbko m u óypeMB pascaaT- pHBaTB ero cb caMBoaanecKoa tobkh a p im a . CaMBoaaBa b b p iaoM B apepcTaBaaeTca HaMB 6oa4e rayöoKoro, t í;m b hchoio; ho HfocoTopue h3b 3t h x b chm bojobb ao TaKoa cTeneHH nopaacaiOTB nacB, ohji aBaatoica t b k h m b MacTepcKHMB BbipaaceHieMB ra y - 6oköh apea, tto papa h h xb HeBoaBHO apaM apaem ca cb HepocTaTKOMB hchocth;

«opa a npapacaaio caipyroipyto aepTy: EpaHpB b b KOHp-fe TepnaTB KpyxueHie cpepa paKofi aepaHoa pepKBH apa po pu ,— rp-fe Kaacpua, aorcapa roipia pyxoBHbia pepKBH, nop- BepraeTca Tarace Coasaioa onacHOcra aoraÓHyTb.

y c n ix B , pocTaBiniiica b b CBoe Bpeivin Ha poaro „B p aH p a “ cpepa paTCKoa p yó - aaKB, noóypaaB Hócena npacTynaTB k b H3paHiio hobob p a ö o ra , KOTopaa b b 1 8 6 2 r.

B uraaa b b XpacTiaHia nopB 3aMaHaaBUMB a MiioroodÈaunoipiiMB 3araaßieMB: „Ko- Mepia pioóbh“ . 9 ia aieca npepcTaBaaeTB hIhto HHoe, t é m b „H e p a s a y ra u e “ . 9T 0

ä o a te , t è m b a3BHTeaBBaa a p fe ra a BacM iniKa BapB óypHHHHbiMB cymecTBOBaHieMB aOMoaBaeiinuxB a cyapyroBB; aBTopB aacaipyeTB b b btoh b o s m í; caMyio cynpocTb a 3HaaeHie hkjóbh, a b b pe3yaBTarÈ noayaaeTca catpyioipee: aroóOBb npepcTaBaaeTB 00a3aieaBH0 o pro h3b p b y x b,— oHa aaa aocTOHHHa, k3k b npaBbanca, aaa caabHa, no BcntixHBaeTB aa MrHOBeaie, tohho aaaMa, OHa BoofipaacaeMa, aaa nycra B H yipa.

MepTBa, KaKB ra u ó a 3eMaa, aaa cnocoöaa pa3cfcnBaTBca, icaKB MuabHua ay3bipb.

9to neaaabHoe B033p’I;aie Ha ¡KH3Hb npoxopaTB aepesB bck) aosMy cb nepBOft n t,- ceHKH 4'aai.Ka, aoaHoii OTiaaHia, KOTopaa cb yr/hpcaaocTMo KaiwepTOHa paeTB tohb Bcea n o s M i, po cwyTHo aoHHMaeMoa 3ai;aioaaTeaLHOH cpe m i, bo BpeMa icoTopoa Bawfiaemibie h3b nepoiriipia k b iioctoíihcttsy CBoea pioóbb a k b cBoeft chocoöhocth uoaoHtaTB ocHOBaHie npoiHOMy cynpyacecTBY pascTaioica b b Ty caMyio MHHyTy, rcorpa aaxopaTB ppjTB p pyra . Bo bccmb stohb m u bh p b m b la ic b me-.MHoro a t b k b ace Maao onpaBpaaia, icaKB a b b „ B p a H p i“ . IIoaeMaHecKoe HanpaßaeHie aamaeTB niecy xapaKTepa ppaMbi: s p ic b He p^acTByioTB, a peKaaMapytOTB; a p ic b He pa3roB apa- BaiOTB, a npoB03raamaH)TB hcthhbi a ocuaaiOTB ppyrB p pyra rpapoMB chobb; s p ie r öopaTca He aoaapoBaHHbiMB a ôaecTaipaMB opypieMB caoBa, a ero rpyóbiMa B u c T p i- aaMH, apa qeMB 3th BbiCTp'kiu npon3Eop¡rn. óoabiae aiyMa, t íim b p íh c t b íh. Tepoa—

9pa3MB MoHTaHB THCTŚaaiea Bopu, a aepocTaTOirr, b b KanpaabCKoa najad; oncy- raacTca b b caaLK taiaea CTeneHH. Cb npaBjHBbiMH a rayPoKOMbicaeaRUMB caoBaMa o6paai,aeTca k b HfMy ero B03aio6aeHHaa:

HEPBOE BHEHATJPBHIE. 35

„H ynuxÈna Bac't He be oópaai coKOJia, a bb oCpasi 3mAh, noaraaecKaro

sm'èji, cfliaaHHaro h3b óysiarH, bb kotopomb coóctbchhoc „ a “ ne hm íjiqh ne HsröeTB HHKaKoro anaaenia; raaBHaa cyTB bb HeiHB—hhthhbih nraypoKB“ .

„ Bb TaKOMB HMeHHO BHjyfe aeacajui e h 6e3CHjibHbiMB nepejo mhoio h mo.ij u ih:

„ Ax b, ^BHHLTe MCHJt Ha 3ana,n,B un h boctokb, a iB , 3acTaBbTe MeHH jict'ètl ho BÍ!Tpy CB MOHMH H’hCHÍIMH, XOTH ÓH 9TO HaBaeKJIO Ha BaCB ÔpaHI) CO CTOpOHBI Ma- repH h cecTepB“ .

Bb 3t h xb cjioBaxB Baoio'iaeTCH bo3mojkhoctb h 3aji,aTKH p a nepeBopoia b b xapaicTcpli ia jib K a , ho 3Ta bo3mohchoctb He ocyipecTBaaeTca, h æoôphmb 3axaTKaMB cyiK^eHO yBAHyTb, He pa3BHBiHHCb. Hh a rp a yMa h ocTpoyMia, ko to phm h ö m c t h t b no3Ma, hh ea óoraTCTBo rayóoKOMUcaeuHtJMH cpaBHemaMH, a3BHTejibHbiMH s a n iia - híh m h h mIitkhm ii caoBe'iiiaMH, hh anarpaMMaraHecKifi x a p a m p B penaHKB He MO- ryTB noM’hinaTi, HimiTeaio 3asd¡THTb n o rp iin H o c ra hpo thbb a jpaisaro CMbicaa b

s ip a B a ro o6pa3a Mbicaeft. H anporaB B Toro, KanecTBa nosMbi noóyncaaiOTB ero eme cnabH ie BucrynaTb BnepejpB co cbohmh oÓBHHeHÍHMH. ,

iv :

Hctohhhkb ôoabuieË nacra He^ociaTKOBB HOBifliueft HopBeaccKOH niKoau aaoro- aaeTca bb calmyiomeMB: OHa xoaeTB cjihuikomb MHoraro. BaMinaeTca HSBlicmoe cTpe- MjieHie 3a,ii,epHCHBaTb pa3BHT¡e <[)aina3¡H; cjhuikomb cnai.uo HanparaiOTB chjih, cm ihkomb

MHoroe npHHHMaiOTB bo BHHMaHie. Booóipe mohcho ciia3aTb, hto MHorie BejiHKie xy- floacHHKH HH'rei’0 He „xorban“ ; ohh cohhhhhh, pncoBam h KOMiiosapoBaaii, khkb

K0MH03Hp0BajiB MopapTB, Korßa HHcajiB CBoero~ „^oHB-îKyaaa“ . Y HóceHa sto

npeoÓaa^aHie hhab b et, mb iioaii BMCKasuBaeTca bb poan, KOTopyio pascyayeHie arpaeTB y Hero, noTOMy hto pascyac^eme cayatim. ,a,jia HóceHa iiocpcahhkomb, nepe3B KOToparo Bona irfeftcTByeTB Ha (jmHTa3ÍH). H Ha npejibmyJHHXB CTpaHnn,axB jojdkchb

<5 ł u b ynoTpeÓMTb cjiobo „anea“ , Kor^a ,m h í iipnxoanaocb yKa3biBaTb Ha nosranecKia ocoóeHHOCTH Hócena. He bb nojib3v no ara roBopim, to oócToaiejibCTBO, Kor^a ®ia oÓBíiciieiíií! ero iipmo/raiTCH npnóiraTb kb arony caoey. no33ia, noBapMOMy, aBjiaeTca HOCToaHHO kb HóceHy bb BH.rb co;(epacan¡íi, He npHHOcamaro cbcoóoio CBoeií (fiopiiu:

3Ty (JiopMV HyjKHO sapanie npnayiviaTb ;iaa Hea; raanHua jMcTBytomia anua HóceHa Bonjioni,eHHbia noHHTia, h npH3HaitoMB HepcTaraa j’,;i,oxHoi!eu¡H bb ero npoH3Bejie- HiaxB cayatHTB to, hto ero oópa3u hhkekb He xothtb BonaoraTbca h npHHHTb Bce- CTopoHHifi, ;^ku3^hchhuíí xapaKTepB. HyBCTByeuib atename ^{bhíitb bb} pyKH ciepeocKOHB,

htoóh xopomeHbKo pa3CMOTpi¡Tb 3TH ((inrypu. Ha 3TOMB orpaanHCHÍH TaaaHTa HóceHa ocHOBUBaeTca ero CKJiOHHOCTb kb OTBaeaennoMy h cnMBOattHCCKOMy. Bto cayatHTB

nepBH H H O IO npHHHHOK) HOHBJieHia BB ero jpaMHXB aÓCTpaKTHHXB 0Öpa30BB, KOTOpue

npe^cTaBajiioTi. coóoio Bouaoinenie oTfliabHbixB KanecTBB, iipncymnxB ;i;hbi>im'i. aunaMB.

JrH;e <I>ypiír bb ., KamaiiHf,“ cocraBaena oTnacTH h3b cawoft ceóa, othhcth h3b

36 PEH PHKB HBCEHB.

n p yro ro cymecTBa; to ate caMoe m ont ho er; aa htb h o T e p^ii b i „ B p a n ^ i“ . Em u enacKOUT) HaKoaacB b i .. llpeTCH.ioHTaxi, Ha npecTO.Yr,“ asofipanteirB b i t a kom b coBepraeHHO HennioBiHecKOMB, HynoBatpHOMB h OTBaeneHHOMB nn/pf;, to bhhoh) stopo Bpa^B an jiB iH erc)! ateaame notera ^ficT B O B a iB MynaieaBHO Ha HcpiiM, itartB n p e n - n o jia ra .in utKOTopue h3t> k p h th ko bb, a CKopte to oócTOHTeabCTBO, hto oh b anicaitB ae M o rí hpothboctohtb CBoeiny CTpeMaemio npn ^a T t 6 o a ie rpaHnio3HBiñ x a p a K T e p t ßaHHOMy a any, oópaTHBB ero h3b neaoB ÍE a b b n pa H ip nB .

KpoMt Toro, 3T0 orpaHHHeHie cnocoónocreñ Hócena

neMy-TO cyxoMy, xynocoHHOMy

exeMaTanecKOMy

ero cnocoói conaHema;

He

COCTOHHÍH H3ÓaBHTbCH OTB CyXOH CHMMeTpÎH, a HO BpGMeHäMB ÖBIBaeTB HaCTOJIBKO HeocTopomeHB,

caMB oópaipaeTB

oópa3u

npoH

Bo;i,[rn. Tatcoe BaenaTaiHie,

óyayo

npacyTCTByeMB apa

MepTBepoBB,

BpeMa KOTOpoS HCHBUH JIHpa TepHIOTB BHe3aHH0 K

HCJ

KOCTH, TaKB HTO OCTaiOTCfl OflHH

tojibko

oÖHaaceHHBie «ceaera. C

., Hanp., saoroneme nepBaro

„BpaHfl'fe“ :

„ Kto HaHÓoaie óypro CTpeMHTCH BtiepepB, Bce 6ojrÈe h óojrfee othIuhhcb otb

Mapa h poMauiHHro onara,—JI e r komu cj i i e an, KOTopoe cb b íh e o m b jacTseB B BOKpyrB neaa, arpan, inecTByeTB Bpoab oópuBa Haa,B óe3naoro, — • ana ß a j i o e n , KOTOpaa a^HHBO aonBaraerca no npoTopeflHoa nopoacKB, noTOMy hto Tarto b h yacB MtcTHue HpaBU h o6uHau,— aaa B e 3 y M i e , KOTopoe TaKB ÖBiCTpo mhhtch, hto

paste BCTpinaeMoe h m b Ha nyra 3ao KaateTca eMy npeKpacHUMB?— Bb 6oh Hanepe- KOpB BCBMy, BB ÓOB 6e3HOIH,ap;HO npOTHBB 3TOrO TpOHCTBeHHarO C0H)3a! “

Pa3Bl; He acHeaaroTB npa sthxb caosaxB hkpcctbhhhhb,

a

HaKOHepB, npeoónapame pa3cyHtpeaia npapaeTB H6c6hobckhmb piaaoraMB hxb

MiTidft h cbsbhbih, hobbto ate BpeMH ceHTeHH,io3HRH xapaKTepB. Ro3BMeMB, Hanp.r penaHKH bb popí caispyromaxB: „Gohhhhtb! h é tb, Bnepa eipe a motb, ceropHs a caaiHKOMB CTapB!“ („Boatpa“ ), aaa: „ H enonto, Monten, aacTB bb 3amaiy n y storo pisaa, ho ecaa eay cyatpeHO hchtb, to jkhtb ohb poaateHB pan cBoero p ta a “ . („ Ilp e - TeHpeHTU Ha npecToaB“ ). TartrixB apitaxB conreunia y Hóceira MHoacecTBo; ^ho 3a to ohb Heptprto BBi3BiBaaB HMH Ha B03pancenie CBOHXB 3paTeaea, KOTopbie cbohmh pe- naaKaMn ocaaöaaaa BneaaT.if.nie, npoH3BOpaMoe ero uiecaMH. Ha 3paTeaeft booöihp

pa3cyatpeHie piacTByen, caMUMB anaaeBHUMB oópasoMB. H paste Torpa, Korpa HóceHB He poxophtb po KpaäHOCTeft, itaKB bb penaaitaxB (jrorpa aaa Bimapa bb

„Bpanp'L“ , ohb aocToaHHO 3acTaBaaeTB cbohxb pMcTByroinaxB a a pi, BBicita3BiBaTb caauiKOMB 0 6 bi n e hh u a, pei[).ieKTHpoBanuua cchtorhíh, KOTopua mojkho houbccth hohb tbichhh caMuxB pa3aHHHuxB caynaeBB,— a n'LiaeiB ohb sto hphtomb hmohho

Torna, Korna ntiicTByromifl aapa ao-ihihbi 6utb Bcepiao npoHHKHyTBi t ím b, hto HpOHCXOpHTB .IHHHO CB HHMH, CB HHMH OHHHMH, BB jaHHOMl, OHpen'b.lCHHOM'i, II0-aoateHia.

DEPBOE BHEHAT.TBHiE. 37

BoabMeMi., Hanp., s t o t i p a r i pem iH K i b i „IipeTCHflCHTaxi Ha npecro.rb .

K o p o i b C k y a e. ,