Przydatność niektórych roztworów ekstrakcyjnych do oznaczania w glebie boru łatwo dostępnego dla roślin

H IER O N IM K U K U R E N D A

EFFIC A C Y O F SOME EX TRA CT SO LU TIO N S IN D ETERM IN IN G SO IL

CONTENT O F BORON REA D ILY A V A ILA BLE FO R PLA N TS

D ep a rtm en t of S o il A groch em istry, D ep a rtm en t of S oil C u ltiv a tio n and F ertiliza tio n , C ollege of A gricu ltu re, P ozn ań

V ery in te re stin g problem , fo r a g ric u ltu re an d gardening, is th e q u a n ­

tity of boron in soil, w hich w ould be availab le for p lan ts. It is d e te rm in e d

in e x tra c ts w hich are m ore or less acid and b e tte r or w orse bu ffered .

O pinions fo un d in lite ra tu re on u sefu ln ess of som e e x tra c t solutions for

d e te rm in in g in soil boron re a d ily av ailab le fo r p la n ts are not u nan im ou s

[2, 3, 4]. In th is connection th e in v estig atio n s w ere c arried out on the

dependences b etw een th e soil c o n ten t of 4 form s of boron an d th e concen­

tra tio n of to ta l boron in su m m er rap e an d field bean. This co rrelatio n w as

accepted as a c riterio n for ev alu atio n of efficacy of th e m ethods applied

for d e te rm in in g in soil th e co n te n t of boron available for p lan ts.

M ETH ODS

In v estig atio n s w ere c a rrie d out, for 4 y ears, on sum m er rap e (Bro-

now ski IH A R variety ) an d field bean (Fioletow y Czyżow skich, M ajor

TH Z v ariety ) grow n on 8 d iffe re n t soils, in field an d pot ex p erim en ts.

T he soils chosen for th ese ex p erim en ts co n tain ed d iffe re n t q u a n titie s of

to ta l boron an d of its form s considered as av ailable for p lants. B efore

sow ing th e p lan ts, boron w as d e te rm in e d q u a n tita tiv e ly by colorim etric

m ethod, using q u in alisa rin , in th e follow ing soil e x tra cts:

— w a te r e x tra c t according to B erg er and T ruog [3],

— acetate e x tra c t according to B aron [1],

— in 20'% acetic acid [5],

— in co n c en tra te d su lp h u ric acid [6].

The sam e m eth o d w as used in d e te rm in in g boron co n ten t in d ry m a t­

te r of p lan ts a fte r th e ir veg etatio n w as over.

9 4 H. K u k u ren d a

R E SU L T S A N D D IS C U S S IO N

The co n ten ts of th e teste d form s of boron in th e soils used in e x p e ri­

m en ts ran g ed from 0.12 to 10.2 ppm (Tab. 1). In this Table th e soils w ere

ran g e d successively according to increasin g co n ten t of boron soluble in

w ater. No sim ilar in crease w as observed in o th er form s of boron w h en

follow ing th e accepted succession (colum ns 2, 3 and 4). The soils No.

1, 2 and 3, 4 containing resp ectiv ely th e sam e q u a n titie s of boron d e te

r-T a b l e

1

S o i l c o n te n t o f d i f f e r e n t forms o f boron

and i t s t o t a l q u a n tity in summer rape and f i e l d bean grown in th e s e s o i l s

S o i l No. M echanic f r a c t io n <^T0 . 0 2 mm in % o f s o i l PH Boron in mg/kg s o i l dry m atter Boron in mg/kg dry m atter

H20 ŁC1 1 2 3 4 summer_rape f i e l d_bean

1 5 .0 5 .6 5 4 .6 0 0 . 1 2 0 .4 1 . 0 3 .0 1 1 .0 ! 2 8 . 8 6 .7 5 5 .8 2 0 .1 4 0 .4 2 . 0 6 . 0 - 7 .2 ! 3 4 .5 5 .7 5 4 .6 9 0 .1 6 0 . 6 1 . 0 3 .0 1 8 .2 1 1 .9 i 4 5 .1 b . 6 l b .2 9 0 .2 5 0 . 6 1 .9 3 .5 - 1 4 .1

i

*

Comment; 1 - boron s o lu b le in w ater, method o f Berger and Truog, 2 - boron s o lu b le in a c e t a t e e x t r a c t B aron 's method, 3 - bcrcn s o lu b le in 20% HC1,

4 - boron s o lu b le in c o n te n t r a te d H2 SO4 , a cco rd in g to R in k ie , ** - s i g n i f i c a n t a t th e 5% l e v e l o f p r o b a b ilit y ,

* - s i g n i f i c a n t a t the 1% l e v e l o f p r o b a b ilit y .

m ined according B aron's m ethod, show ed a sy stem atic increase of th e

q u a n tity of boron soluble in w a te r (from 0.12 to 0.25 ppm ). The h ig h est

co n ten t of boron soluble in 20% HC1 an d in c o n cen trated H 2S 0 4 w as

found in soil No. 7, tw ice as high as in soils No. 5 and 8. In soil No. 4 th e

q u a n tity of boron soluble in 20% HC1 w as sim ilar to th a t in soil No.

2, w hile th e q u a n tity of to ta l boron according to R inkis w as tw ice as

This com bination of dependences of 4 form s of boron indicates th a t

in v arious soils th e dissolving action of each of the e x tra c t solutions w as

d iffe re n t. P re su m a b ly it d epended on th e soil te x tu re , its chem ical and

physical com position b u t firs t of all on its reaction . Thus, th e re is a neces­

sity of tak in g into co nsideration th ese facto rs in estim atin g th e soil con­

te n t of boron av ailab le for plan ts. This creates, how ever, g rea t d iffic u l­

ties, especially in estab lish in g in te rv a ls (te rm in al values) for in d iv id u al

m ethods. A p ro p er estim ation of efficacy of th e given e x tra c t solution

for d e te rm in in g in soil th e q u a n tity of boron av ailab le for p lan ts is not

alw ays possible in these conditions. A m ore sim ple and perh ap s m ore

accu rate w ay of such estim ation is a com parison of chem ical m ethods

w ith th e re su lts of biological m ethods. Such a com parison can be p e rfo r­

m ed, am ong others, by stu d y in g th e d ep endence betw een th e co n ten t of

d iffe re n t form s of boron in soil and th e co n cen tratio n of boron in th e

p la n ts grow n on th is soil. As seen fro m Tab. 1, th e co n cen tratio n of boron

in th e above-ground p a rts of sum m er rap e, veg etation over, grow n on soil

No. 3 w as about tw ice as large as th a t in rap e o rig inating from soil No. 1,

alth o u g h th e co n ten ts of boron soluble in 20% HC1 and in co n cen trated

H 2S 0 4 w ere id en tical in both soils. The co n ten t of boron in sum m er rape

grow n on soil No. 7 w as low er th a n in th a t on soil No. 8, though th e la tte r

contained tw ice as m uch boron soluble in B a ro n ’s solution, in 20% HC1,

and in co n c en tra te d H 2S 0 4. H igher boron co n cen tratio n w as also found in

field bean grow n on soils-No. 3 and 4 w hich w as poorer in boron soluble in

20% HC1 and in c o n cetrated H 2S 0 4 th an in th a t grow n on soil No. 2, ric h e r

in th ese form s of boron. This is proof of lack of dependence b etw een th e

richness of th e soils, being com pared, in these form s of boron, and the con­

c e n tratio n of th is elem ent in su m m er rap e and field bean grow n on th ese

soils. T hus these form s of boron can not be u tilized in estim atin g th e

necessity of fertiliz in g soils w ith boron. The co rrelatio n coefficients

b etw een soil co n ten t th ese form s of boron and th e co n cen tratio n of to ta l

boron in th e abov e-gro und p a rts of su m m er rap e and field bean (Tab. 1

an d Fig. 3, 4 and 7, 8) are s ta tistic a lly in sig n ifican t w hich confirm s the

above sta te m e n t.

The d ifferen ces o b tain ed in boron co n ten t in su m m er rap e an d field

bean show a d istin ct and re c u rrin g co rrelatio n b etw een soil co n te n t of

boron soluble in w a te r, d e te rm in e d according to th e original m etho d of

B erger an d Truog, and th e co n cen tratio n of boron in these p lan ts. It is

co nfirm ed b y th e sig n ifican t c o rrelatio n coefficients for th is fo rm of

boron (Tab. 1 an d Fig. 1, 5). B e r g e r a nd T r u o g (cit. a fte r [3]) also

re p o rte d th e co rrelatio n existin g b etw een th e soil co n te n t of boron soluble

in w a te r an d co n cen tratio n of to ta l boron in th e leaves of beet. These

96 H. K u k u ren d a

Boron mg/hg soi! Boron mg/hg plant

C orrelation b e tw e e n so il co n ten t of d iffe r e n t form s of boron and its con cen tra tio n in fie ld b ean

Fig. 1. B oron so lu b le in w a te r accord in g to B erger and T ruog Fig. 2. B oron so lu b le in a ceta te solu tion according to Baron

F ig. 3. B oron so lu b le in 20°/o HC1 Fig. 4. B oron so lu b le in con cen trated H 2S 0 4

a u th o rs ex p ressed th e opinion th a t boron soluble in w a te r w as the

best in d ex of th e a c tu a l reserv e of th is elem en t in a form availab le for

plan ts.

Boron co n ten t in field bean also show ed a high co rrelatio n w ith th e soil

co n ten t of boron soluble in a c eta te solution according to B aron (Tab. 1 an d

Boron mg/kg soil

— ■ - Boron mg/kg plant

C orrelation b e tw e e n so il co n ten t of d iffe r e n t form s of boron and its co n cen tra tio n in su m m er rape

Fig. 5. B oron so lu b le in w a te r a ccord in g to B erger and T ruog Fig. 6. B oron so lu b le in a ceta te so lu tio n accord in g to B aron

Fig. 7. B oron so lu b le in 20°/o HC1 Fig. 8. B oron so lu b le in con cen trated H 2S 0 4

Fig. 2). B ut su m m er rap e did not show sig n ifican t co rrelatio n for th is

fo rm of boron. A m ong 4 soils being com pared, one (soil No. 7) did no t

show c o rrelatio n (Fig. 6) of its co n ten t of boron according to B aron a n d

th e c o n cen tratio n of th is elem en t in su m m er rape. P re su m a b ly B aro n 's

m ethod, a fte r an ex act ex am in atio n in P o lish conditions, can be applied in

d e te rm in in g soil co n ten t of boron av ailab le for plan ts.

H. K u k u ren d a

C O N C L U SIO N S

The re su lts of these in v estig atio n s p e rm it th e follow ing conclusions:

1. The stud ied form s of soil boron are not av ailab le in equal degree for

su m m er ra p e an d field bean. P re su m a b ly a v a ilab ility for p lan ts of th e

in d iv id u al form s of th is tra c e elem en t depends on soil te x tu re , its chem ical

an d phy sical com position, an d p rim a rily on its reaction.

2. Soil co n ten t of boron soluble in co n cen trated m in eral acids did

n ot show sig n ificant c o rrelatio n w ith of to ta l boron co n cen tratio n in th e

above-grou n d p a rts of sum m er rap e an d field bean a fte r th e ir vegetation

w as over.

3. In v estig atio n s show ed a h ig h ly co rrelatio n b etw een concen tratio n

of boron in th e field bean an d th e soil co n ten t of boron soluble in a c etate

e x tra c t B a ro n ’s m ethod. This m ethod, a fte r an m ore ex act ex am in atio n in

P olish conditions, can be applied for d e te rm in in g soil co n ten t of boron

av ailab le for p lan ts an d for p red ictin g th e n ecessity of fertilizin g soil

w ith boron.

4. A h ig h ly sig n ificant co rrelatio n w as fou n d betw een soil co n ten t of

boron soluble in w a te r according to B erger an d T ruog, and th e c o n c en tra ­

tion of to ta l boron in the te ste d p lan ts. Soil co n ten t of boron soluble in

w a te r should be used as a basis for estim atin g th e need of fertilizin g soil

w ith th is trace elem ent.

R EFERENCES

[1] B a r o n H.: G em ein sa m e E k strak tion und ch em isch e B estim m u n g des le ic h ­ lö slich en A n teils der M ik ro n ä h rsto ffen Bor, E isen, K obalt, K upfer, M angan, M olyb d än iu m und Z ink im B oden. L an d w . F orsch., B. 7, 1955, H. 2, s. 82.

[2] K a t a ł y n o w M. W. , R i a b o w a J. S.: W lija n ije iz w ie s tk o w a n ija na ra- stw o rim o st bora p oczw i jew o d ostu p n ost r a stien ija m . D okł. A N SSSR , 74, 1950, 3, s. 561— 564.

[3] M i 11 e r F. W.: S er ie n m ä ssig e B o rb estim m u n g im B oden m itte ls der H e isw a sse r ­ ex tra ctio n nach B erger T ruog. L andw . Forsch., B. 10, 1957, s. 32— 35.

[4] M u s i e r o w i c z A. i w sp ó łp ra co w n icy : G leb y w o je w ó d z tw a łód zk iego. R oczn. N auk R oln., t. 86-D , W arszaw a, 1960.

[5] P i p e r C. S.: A n a liza g’leb y i roślin . W arszaw a 1957, PW N, s. 161— 167.

[6] R i n к i s G. J.: P iered w iżn a ja lab oratoria dla o p red ielen ija w a ło w o w o s o - d ierżan ija m ik r o e le m ie n to w (Cu, Zn, Mn, Mo, B) w r a stien ija ch i p oczw ach. M ik ro elem ien ty i urożaj, R iga, 1961, izd. A N U SSR , s. 168— 189.

H . K U K U R E N D A

U T IL IT É DE C E R T A IN E S SO L U T IO N S D ’E X T R A C TIO N PO U R D ÉTÉRM INER D A N S LE SOL L E BORE FA C ILEM EN T A S S IM IL A B L E P A R L ES P L A N T E S

C h a i r e d e C h i m ie A g r i c o l e e t C h a i r e d e la C u l t u r e e t d e F u m a g e d u S o l - H a u t e É c o l e d ’A g r i c u l t u r e , P o z n a ń

R é s u m é

On ob serva l ’u tilité de q u a tre so lu tio n s d’ex tr a c tio n pour d éterm in er dans le sol le bore a c cessib le a u x p la n tes. On déterm ina, le s q u a n tités du bore dans le sol a v a n t le s se m a ille s dans le s e x tr a c tio n s su iv a n tes:

1) — aq u eu se selo n B erger et T ruog [3], 2) — d’acétate selo n B aron [1],

3) — 20 °/o HC1 [5],

4) — con cen trée de H 2S 0 4 selo n R in k is [6].

On effe c tu a l ’ap p réciation des m éth o d es su s-m e n tio n n é e s en com p aran t leu rs ré su lta ts a vec le s résu lta ts de la m éth od e b iologiq u e. On se serv i dans ce bu t d’e x ­ p érien ce s a u x cham ps et en pots su r le colza d’été (B ron ow sk i IH AR ) et sur le fé v e r o le s (V iolette de C zyżow sk ich , M ajor THZ), au cours d esq u elles on ob serva la corrélation en tre la ten eu r du sol en d iv erses fo rm es de b ore et la con cen tra tio n du bore dans to u te la m a sse a u d essu s de terre des p la n tes après q u e leu r v é g é ta tio n fu t term in ée.

On e ffe c tu a le ch ois des sols pour le s o b serv a tio n s en p ren a n t en co n sid éra tio n la p lu s gran d e d ifféren cia tio n de leu r ten eu r en q u atre fo rm es de bore a u s-m e n - tio n n ées (tab. 1).

En résu lta t des ob serv a tio n s des q u atres an n és on co n sta ta u n e corrélation entre la ten eu r du sol en bore so lu b le dans l ’eau selo n B erger et T ruog, et la co n cen tra ­ tion du bore dans le s p la n tes o b serv ées (dess. 1, 5).

On co n sta ta a u ssi u n e corrélation s a tisfa isa n te du bore so lu b le dans un e so lu tio n d’a ceta té selon B aron (dess. 2) sur le s fé v e r o le s. L e bore so lu b le dans le s con cen trés acid es m in éra u x none dém ontra pas de corrélation r é e lle (tab. 1 et dess. 3, 4, 7, 8).

H . K U K U R E N D A E IN G N U N G M A NC H ER E K ST R A K T IO N SL Ö SU N G E N ZUR B EST IM M U N G D ES FÜR D IE P FL A N Z E N LEICH T A U F N E H M B A R E N B O R S IM BO D EN L e h r s t u h l f ü r A g r o c h e m i e u n d L e h r s t u h l f ü r A c k e r b a u u n d D ü n g u n g d e r L a n d w i r t s c h a f t l i c h e n H o c h s c h u l e z u P o z n a ń Z u s a m m e n f a s s u n g

Es w u rd e d ie E ig n u n g von v ie r E k stra k tio n slö su n g en zur B estim m u n g des fü r P fla n z e n le ic h t au fn eh m b a ren Bors u n tersu ch t. D as Bor w u rd e im B oden vor der P fla n z e n s a a t in fo lg e n d e n A u szü g en q u a n tita tiv b estim m t:

100 H. K u k u ren d a

1) W asserau szu g nach B erger und T ruog [3], 2) A z eta ta u szu g n ach B aron [1],

3) A u szu g in 20°/o H C l [5],

4) A u szu g in konz. H 2S 0 4 nach R in k is [6].

D ie B ew ertu n g der ch em isch en M eth od en w u rd e au f G rund ein es V erg leich es deren E rg eb n isse m it d en en der b io lo g isch en M eth od e d u rch gefü h rt. Zu d iesem Z w eck e w u rd en d ie G efäss und F e ld v e r su c h e m it S om m errap s (B ron ow sk i IH AR ) und P ferd eb o h n en (F io leto w y C zyżow sk ich , M ajor THZ) a n g eleg t, in w e lc h e n die Z u sa m m en h ä n g e zw isch en dem G eh a lt v e r sc h ie d e n e r B orform en im B oden und der B ork on zen tration in g an zer ob erird isch en M a sse d ieser P fla n z e n nach B een d ig u n g der W a ch stu m sp erio d e b estim m t w u rd en . D ie W ahl der B öden fü r die U n te r su c h u n ­ g en w u rd e u n ter B erü ck sich tig u n g der h ö ch sten D iffe r e n z ie r u n g der v ie r obeng'e- n a n n ter B orform en in d en selb en d u rch g efü h rt (Tab. 1).

A u f G rund der v ie r jä h r ig e n U n tersu ch u n g en w u rd e ein e K orrelation zw isch en d em w a sse r lö sslic h e n B or im B od en n ach B erger und T ruog und der B o rk o n zen tra ­ tio n in u n tersu ch ten P fla n z e n fe s tg e s te llt (Tab. 1 und Abb. 1, 5). Es trat auch ein w e s e n tlic h e r Z u sa m m en h a n g in d ieser H in sich t b ei dem im A zeta t n ach B aron a u flö sb a ren Bor (Tab. 1 und Abb. 2) auf. D as in k onzetr. M in era lsä u ren au flö sb a re Bor w ie s k e in e s ig n ifik a n te K orrelation a u f (Tab. 1 und Abb. 3, 4, 7, 8).

H . K U K U R E N D A

PR Z Y D A TN O ŚĆ N IEK TÓ R Y C H ROZTW ORÓW E K ST R A K C Y JN Y C H DO O ZN A C Z A N IA W G LEBIE BO R U ŁATW O D O ST ĘPN EG O D LA R O ŚL IN

K a t e d r a C h e m i i R o l n e j o r a z K a t e d r a U p r a w y i N a w o ż e n i a R o l i W S R , P o z n a ń

S t r e s z c z e n i e

B adano p rzyd atn ość czterech roztw orów e k stra k cy jn y ch do ozn aczan ia w g le b ie b oru d ostęp n ego dla ro ślin u p raw n ych . M ik rosk ład n ik ten w g leb a ch oznaczano ilo ś ­ c io w o przed sie w e m roślin w n a stęp u ją cy ch w y cią g a ch :

1) w o d n y m w g B ergera i T ruoga [3], 2) o cta n o w y m w g B arona [1], 3) 20 -p ro cen to w y m HC1 [5], 4) stężo n y m H 2S 0 4 w g R in k isa [6].

P rzyd atn ość ty ch m etod ch em iczn y ch do o zn aczan ia w g leb ie boru d ostęp n ego ■dla roślin ocen ian o p orów n u jąc ich w y n ik i z w y n ik a m i m eto d y b io lo g iczn ej. W tym c elu założono c ztero letn ie d o św ia d czen ia w a z o n o w e i p o lo w e z rzep ak iem jarym (B ron ow sk i IH AR) i b ob ik iem (F io leto w y C zyżow sk ich , M ajor THZ) na ośm iu g le ­ bach, w k tó ry ch b adano w sp ó łza leżn o ść m ięd zy zasob n ością g leb w b ad an e fo rm y boru, a k o n cen tra cją boru w całej m a sie n ad ziem n ej ro ślin po zak oń czen iu ich w e g e ta c ji. W sp ó łza leżn o ści te obliczono m a te m a ty c z n ie i w y ra żo n o za pom ocą w s p ó ł­ c z y n n ik ó w k o rela cji (tab. 1).

W w y n ik u p rzep row ad zon ych badań stw ierd zo n o k o rela cję m ięd zy zaw artością w g leb a ch boru rozp u szczaln ego w w o d zie w g B ergera i T ruoga a k o n cen tra cją boru

w b a d an ych roślin ach (tab. 1 oraz rys. 1 i 5). K o n cen tra cja boru w b ob ik u w y k a z a ła ró w n ież w y so c e isto tn ą k o rela cję z za w a rto ścią w b a d a n y ch g leb a ch boru rozp u sz­ czaln ego w ro ztw orze w g B arona. K o rela cji isto tn ej n ie w y k a z a ł n a to m ia st bor rozp u szczaln y w m o cn y ch k w a sa ch m in era ln y ch (tab. 1 oraz rys. 3, 4, 7, 8).

X . К У К У Р Е Н Д А П РИ ГО ДНО СТЬ Н Е К О Т О Р Ы Х Э К С Т Р А К Т О Р О В ДЛЯ О П РЕДЕЛ ЕН И Я В П О ЧВЕ Б О Р А ЛЕГКО ДОСТУПНОГО ДЛЯ РА С Т ЕН И Й К а ф е д р а А г р о х и м и и и К а ф е д р а А г р о т е х н и к и и У д о б р о н е и я , В ы с ш а я С е л ь с к о х о з я й с т в е н н а я Ш к о л а , П о з н а н ь

Р е з ю м е