əɁɕɄɈȼȺə ɈȻɔȿɄɌɂȼȺɐɂə ɄɈɇɐȿɉɌȺ ɋȼȺȾɖȻȺ ȼ ɊɍɋɋɄɈɆ əɁɕɄȿ
LINGUISTIC OBJECTIFICATION OF THE CONCEPT OF WEDDING IN RUSSIAN
ɅɘȾɆɂɅȺ ɊɍɑɂɇȺ
ABSTRACT. To form an intercultural competence, one has to learn national concepts that reflect traditions and rites. Wedding rites are among the most important ones in human life. This paper presents the results of cognitive analysis of the concept of wedding made on the basis of Russian folklore, and interviews with contemporaries. The semantic content of the concept of wedding is represented by cognitive characteristics revealed on the basis of the analysis of the meaning, paradigmatic and syntactic relations of the lexeme that nominates the concept, and the associative experiment. Ʌɸɞɦɢɥɚ Ɋɭɱɢɧɚ, ɇɢɠɟɝɨɪɨɞɫɤɢɣ ɝɨɫɭɞɚɪɫɬɜɟɧɧɵɣ ɭɧɢɜɟɪɫɢɬɟɬ ɢɦ. ɇ.ɂ. Ʌɨɛɚɱɟɜɫɤɨɝɨ, ɇɢɠɧɢɣ ɇɨɜɝɨɪɨɞ – Ɋɨɫɫɢɹ. Ɂɚɞɚɱɢ ɦɟɠɤɭɥɶɬɭɪɧɨɣ ɤɨɦɦɭɧɢɤɚɰɢɢ ɨɛɨɡɧɚɱɢɥɢ ɩɪɢɨɪɢɬɟɬɧɨɫɬɶ ɢɫɫɥɟ-ɞɨɜɚɧɢɣ, ɫɜɹɡɚɧɧɵɯ ɫ ɨɫɦɵɫɥɟɧɢɟɦ ɤɚɪɬɢɧɵ ɦɢɪɚ. ɉɪɟɩɨɞɚɜɚɬɟɥɹɦ ɧɟɪɨɞɧɨ-ɝɨ ɹɡɵɤɚ ɯɨɪɨɲɨ ɢɡɜɟɫɬɧɨ, ɤɚɤ ɜɚɠɧɵ ɡɧɚɧɢɹ ɨ ɧɚɰɢɨɧɚɥɶɧɨɣ ɦɟɧɬɚɥɶɧɨɫɬɢ, ɤɚɤ ɧɟɨɛɯɨɞɢɦɨ ɢɡɭɱɟɧɢɟ ɜɡɚɢɦɨɞɟɣɫɬɜɢɹ ɹɡɵɤɨɜɵɯ ɢ ɤɭɥɶɬɭɪɧɵɯ ɤɚɬɟɝɨɪɢɣ ɢ ɜ ɷɬɨɣ ɫɜɹɡɢ ɜɫɤɪɵɬɢɟ ɦɟɯɚɧɢɡɦɨɜ ɧɚɩɨɥɧɟɧɢɹ „ɤɭɥɶɬɭɪɧɨɣ” ɢɧɮɨɪɦɚɰɢɢ ɜ ɫɥɨɜɟ. Ɏɨɪɦɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɟ ɦɟɠɤɭɥɶɬɭɪɧɨɣ ɤɨɦɩɟɬɟɧɰɢɢ ɩɪɟɞɩɨɥɚɝɚɟɬ ɨɫɜɨɟɧɢɟ ɧɚ-ɰɢɨɧɚɥɶɧɨɝɨ ɦɟɧɬɚɥɢɬɟɬɚ. ɉɨɞ ɦɟɧɬɚɥɢɬɟɬɨɦ ɦɨɠɧɨ ɩɨɧɢɦɚɬɶ „ɫɩɟɰɢɮɢɱɟ-ɫɤɢɣ ɫɩɨɫɨɛ ɜɨɫɩɪɢɹɬɢɹ ɢ ɩɨɧɢɦɚɧɢɹ ɞɟɣɫɬɜɢɬɟɥɶɧɨɫɬɢ, ɨɩɪɟɞɟɥɹɟɦɵɣ ɫɨɜɨ-ɤɭɩɧɨɫɬɶɸ ɤɨɝɧɢɬɢɜɧɵɯ ɫɬɟɪɟɨɬɢɩɨɜ ɫɨɡɧɚɧɢɹ, ɯɚɪɚɤɬɟɪɧɵɯ ɞɥɹ ɨɩɪɟɞɟ-ɥɟɧɧɨɣ ɥɢɱɧɨɫɬɢ, ɫɨɰɢɚɥɶɧɨɣ ɢɥɢ ɷɬɧɢɱɟɫɤɨɣ ɝɪɭɩɩɵ ɥɸɞɟɣ”1. Ɇɟɧɬɚɥɢɬɟɬ ɫɜɹɡɚɧ ɫ ɧɚɰɢɨɧɚɥɶɧɵɦ ɯɚɪɚɤɬɟɪɨɦ ɢ ɜɨ ɦɧɨɝɨɦ ɨɩɪɟɞɟɥɹɟɬ ɤɨɦɦɭɧɢɤɚɬɢɜɧɨɟ ɩɨɜɟɞɟɧɢɟ. ȼ ɥɢɧɝɜɢɫɬɢɱɟɫɤɨɣ ɥɢɬɟɪɚɬɭɪɟ ɚɤɬɢɜɧɨ ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɭɟɬɫɹ ɬɟɪɦɢɧ „ɹɡɵ-ɤɨɜɚɹ ɦɟɧɬɚɥɶɧɨɫɬɶ”, ɨɛɨɡɧɚɱɚɸɳɢɣ ɬɭ ɱɚɫɬɶ ɦɟɧɬɚɥɢɬɟɬɚ, ɤɨɬɨɪɚɹ ɨɛɴɟɤɬɢ-ɜɢɪɨɜɚɧɚ ɹɡɵɤɨɦ. əɡɵɤ ɩɪɟɞɫɬɚɜɥɹɟɬ ɲɢɪɨɤɢɟ ɜɨɡɦɨɠɧɨɫɬɢ ɞɥɹ ɢɡɭɱɟɧɢɹ ________________ 1 Ɂ.Ⱦ. ɉ ɨ ɩ ɨ ɜ ɚ, ɂ.Ⱥ. ɋ ɬ ɟ ɪ ɧ ɢ ɧ, ɋɟɦɚɧɬɢɤɨ-ɤɨɝɧɢɬɢɜɧɵɣ ɚɧɚɥɢɡ ɹɡɵɤɚ, ȼɨɪɨ-ɧɟɠ 2007, ɫ. 40.
ɤɨɥɥɟɤɬɢɜɧɨɣ, ɧɚɰɢɨɧɚɥɶɧɨɣ ɩɚɦɹɬɢ, ɹɜɥɹɹɫɶ ɨɞɧɢɦ ɢɡ ɢɧɫɬɪɭɦɟɧɬɨɜ ɟɟ ɜɨ-ɩɥɨɳɟɧɢɹ ɢ ɨɫɜɨɟɧɢɹ. ɉɨɥɭɱɢɜɲɚɹ ɫɚɦɨɫɬɨɹɬɟɥɶɧɵɣ ɫɬɚɬɭɫ ɥɢɧɝɜɨɤɭɥɶɬɨɪɨɥɨɝɢɹ ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɭɟɬ ɜɚɠɧɭɸ ɤɚɬɟɝɨɪɢɸ ɤɨɝɧɢɬɢɜɧɨɣ ɥɢɧɝɜɢɫɬɢɤɢ – „ɤɨɧɰɟɩɬ”. ɉɨɧɹɬɢɟ ɤɨɧɰɟɩɬɚ, ɟɝɨ ɫɨɞɟɪɠɚɧɢɟ ɢ ɨɛɴɟɦ ɨɫɬɚɟɬɫɹ ɨɛɴɟɤɬɨɦ ɨɛɫɭɠɞɟɧɢɹ. ȼ ɤɨɝɧɢɬɢɜɧɨɣ ɥɢɧɝ-ɜɢɫɬɢɤɟ ɤɨɧɰɟɩɬ ɪɚɫɫɦɚɬɪɢɜɚɟɬɫɹ ɤɚɤ ɦɵɫɥɢɬɟɥɶɧɚɹ ɟɞɢɧɢɰɚ, ɤɚɤ ɨɩɟɪɚ-ɬɢɜɧɚɹ ɫɨɞɟɪɠɚɬɟɥɶɧɚɹ ɟɞɢɧɢɰɚ ɦɵɲɥɟɧɢɹ, ɤɚɤ ɧɟɤɢɣ „ɤɜɚɧɬ” ɡɧɚɧɢɹ. ɋɚɦɵɟ ɜɚɠɧɵɟ ɤɨɧɰɟɩɬɵ ɤɨɞɢɪɭɸɬɫɹ ɜ ɹɡɵɤɟ2. „Ʉɨɧɰɟɩɬ – ɞɢɫɤɪɟɬɧɨɟ ɦɟɧɬɚɥɶɧɨɟ ɨɛɪɚɡɨɜɚɧɢɟ, ɹɜɥɹɸɳɟɟɫɹ ɛɚɡɨɜɨɣ ɟɞɢɧɢɰɟɣ ɦɵɫɥɢɬɟɥɶɧɨɝɨ ɤɨɞɚ ɱɟɥɨɜɟɤɚ, ɨɛɥɚɞɚɸɳɟɟ ɨɬɧɨɫɢɬɟɥɶɧɨ ɭɩɨɪɹɞɨɱɟɧɧɨɣ ɜɧɭɬɪɟɧɧɟɣ ɫɬɪɭɤɬɭɪɨɣ, ɩɪɟɞɫɬɚɜ-ɥɹɸɳɟɟ ɫɨɛɨɣ ɪɟɡɭɥɶɬɚɬ ɩɨɡɧɚɜɚɬɟɥɶɧɨɣ (ɤɨɝɧɢɬɢɜɧɨɣ) ɞɟɹɬɟɥɶɧɨɫɬɢ ɥɢɱ-ɧɨɫɬɢ ɢ ɨɛɳɟɫɬɜɚ ɢ ɧɟɫɭɳɟɟ ɤɨɦɩɥɟɤɫɧɭɸ, ɷɧɰɢɤɥɨɩɟɞɢɱɟɫɤɭɸ ɢɧɮɨɪɦɚɰɢɸ ɨɛ ɨɬɪɚɠɚɟɦɨɦ ɩɪɟɞɦɟɬɟ ɢɥɢ ɹɜɥɟɧɢɢ, ɨɛ ɢɧɬɟɪɩɪɟɬɚɰɢɢ ɞɚɧɧɨɣ ɢɧɮɨɪɦɚɰɢɢ ɨɛɳɟɫɬɜɟɧɧɵɦ ɫɨɡɧɚɧɢɟɦ ɢ ɨɬɧɨɲɟɧɢɟɦ ɨɛɳɟɫɬɜɟɧɧɨɝɨ ɫɨɡɧɚɧɢɹ ɤ ɞɚɧɧɨɦɭ ɹɜɥɟɧɢɸ ɢɥɢ ɩɪɟɞɦɟɬɭ”3. ɂɡɭɱɟɧɢɟ ɧɚɰɢɨɧɚɥɶɧɨɝɨ ɦɟɧɬɚɥɢɬɟɬɚ ɩɪɟɞɩɨɥɚɝɚɟɬ ɨɫɜɨɟɧɢɟ ɤɨɧɰɟɩɬɨɜ, ɨɬɪɚɠɚɸɳɢɯ ɬɪɚɞɢɰɢɢ, ɨɛɵɱɚɢ, ɨɛɪɹɞɵ, ɧɚɰɢɨɧɚɥɶɧɵɟ ɫɬɟɪɟɨɬɢɩɵ. ɋɜɚɞɟɛ-ɧɵɣ ɨɛɪɹɞ ɹɜɥɹɟɬɫɹ ɜɚɠɧɟɣɲɢɦ ɷɥɟɦɟɧɬɨɦ ɠɢɡɧɢ ɷɬɧɨɫɚ, ɛɥɚɝɨɞɚɪɹ ɤɨɬɨɪɨɦɭ ɫɨɯɪɚɧɹɟɬɫɹ ɷɬɢɱɟɫɤɢɣ ɫɬɟɪɟɨɬɢɩ ɩɨɜɟɞɟɧɢɹ, ɧɚɰɢɨɧɚɥɶɧɵɟ ɢ ɤɭɥɶɬɭɪɧɵɟ ɨɫɨɛɟɧɧɨɫɬɢ ɞɚɧɧɨɝɨ ɫɨɰɢɭɦɚ. ɋɜɚɞɶɛɚ ɡɚɧɢɦɚɟɬ ɜɚɠɧɨɟ ɦɟɫɬɨ ɫɪɟɞɢ ɩɨɜɬɨ-ɪɹɸɳɢɯɫɹ ɫɨɩɪɨɜɨɠɞɚɸɳɢɯ ɨɫɧɨɜɧɵɟ ɷɬɚɩɵ ɠɢɡɧɢ ɱɟɥɨɜɟɤɚ ɨɛɪɹɞɨɜɵɯ ɞɟɣ-ɫɬɜɢɣ. ȼ ɫɜɚɞɟɛɧɨɦ ɨɛɪɹɞɟ ɨɬɪɚɠɚɟɬɫɹ ɫɬɪɭɤɬɭɪɚ ɫɟɦɶɢ, ɜɟɪɨɜɚɧɢɹ, ɧɪɚɜ-ɫɬɜɟɧɧɵɟ ɭɫɬɨɢ ɨɛɳɟɫɬɜɚ, ɫɨɰɢɚɥɶɧɨ ɩɪɚɜɨɜɵɟ ɨɬɧɨɲɟɧɢɹ, ɪɚɡɜɢɬɢɟ ɭɫɬɧɨɝɨ ɧɚɪɨɞɧɨɝɨ ɬɜɨɪɱɟɫɬɜɚ, ɚ ɬɚɤɠɟ ɱɟɪɬɵ ɬɪɚɞɢɰɢɨɧɧɨɣ ɦɚɬɟɪɢɚɥɶɧɨɣ ɤɭɥɶɬɭɪɵ. ɂɫɫɥɟɞɨɜɚɧɢɟ ɢ ɦɨɞɟɥɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɟ ɧɨɦɢɧɚɬɢɜɧɨɝɨ ɩɨɥɹ ɤɨɧɰɟɩɬɚ „ɫɜɚɞɶɛɚ” ɚɤ-ɬɭɚɥɶɧɨ ɞɥɹ ɨɩɢɫɚɧɢɹ ɧɚɰɢɨɧɚɥɶɧɨɣ ɤɨɧɰɟɩɬɨɫɮɟɪɵ. Ɍɚɤ ɤɚɤ ɤɨɧɰɟɩɬ ɦɨɠɟɬ ɨɛɴɟɤɬɢɜɢɪɨɜɚɬɶɫɹ ɫɪɟɞɫɬɜɚɦɢ ɹɡɵɤɚ, ɫɭɳɟɫɬɜɭɟɬ ɜɨɡɦɨɠɧɨɫɬɶ ɢ ɧɟɨɛɯɨɞɢɦɨɫɬɶ ɟɝɨ ɢɡɭɱɟɧɢɹ, ɜ ɬɨɦ ɱɢɫɥɟ ɢ ɜ ɥɢɧɝɜɢɫɬɢɱɟɫɤɨɦ ɚɫɩɟɤɬɟ. ɉɪɢ ɢɫɫɥɟɞɨɜɚɧɢɢ ɫɨɞɟɪɠɚɧɢɹ ɤɨɧɰɟɩɬɨɜ ɧɟɥɶɡɹ ɨɝɪɚɧɢɱɢɜɚɬɶɫɹ ɢɡɭ-ɱɟɧɢɟɦ ɫɨɛɫɬɜɟɧɧɨ ɥɢɧɝɜɢɫɬɢɱɟɫɤɨɣ ɫɟɦɚɧɬɢɤɢ ɜ ɬɪɚɞɢɰɢɨɧɧɵɯ ɩɨɞɯɨɞɚɯ, ɫɥɟɞɭɟɬ ɭɱɢɬɵɜɚɬɶ ɤɨɧɧɨɬɚɬɢɜɧɭɸ ɫɟɦɚɧɬɢɤɭ, ɫɟɦɚɧɬɢɱɟɫɤɭɸ ɩɟɪɢɮɟɪɢɸ, ɩɪɢɜɥɟɤɚɹ ɢɧɫɬɪɭɦɟɧɬɚɪɢɢ ɤɨɝɧɢɬɢɜɧɨɣ ɥɢɧɝɜɢɫɬɢɤɢ ɞɥɹ ɜɵɹɜɥɟɧɢɹ ɹɡɵɤɨ-ɜɵɯ ɩɨɞɬɜɟɪɠɞɟɧɢɣ ɷɤɫɬɪɚɥɢɧɝɜɢɫɬɢɱɟɫɤɢɯ ɤɨɧɧɨɬɚɰɢɣ. „Ʉɨɧɰɟɩɬ ɪɚɫɫɟɹɧ ɜ ɹɡɵɤɨɜɵɯ ɡɧɚɤɚɯ, ɟɝɨ ɨɛɴɟɤɬɢɜɢɪɭɸɳɢɯ. ɑɬɨɛɵ ɜɨɫ-ɫɬɚɧɨɜɢɬɶ ɫɬɪɭɤɬɭɪɭ ɤɨɧɰɟɩɬɚ, ɧɚɞɨ ɢɫɫɥɟɞɨɜɚɬɶ ɜɟɫɶ ɹɡɵɤɨɜɨɣ ɤɨɪɩɭɫ, ɜ ɤɨɬɨ-ɪɨɦ ɪɟɩɪɟɡɟɧɬɢɪɨɜɚɧ ɤɨɧɰɟɩɬ (ɥɟɤɫɢɱɟɫɤɢɟ ɟɞɢɧɢɰɵ, ɮɪɚɡɟɨɥɨɝɢɸ, ɩɚɪɟɦɢɨ-ɥɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɢɣ ɮɨɧɞ), ɜɤɥɸɱɚɹ ɫɢɫɬɟɦɭ ɭɫɬɨɣɱɢɜɵɯ ɫɪɚɜɧɟɧɢɣ, ɡɚɩɟɱɚɬɥɢɜɲɢɯ ɨɛɪɚɡɵ – ɷɬɚɥɨɧɵ, ɫɜɨɣɫɬɜɟɧɧɵɟ ɨɩɪɟɞɟɥɟɧɧɨɦɭ ɹɡɵɤɭ”4. ________________ 2 ȿ.ɋ. Ʉ ɭ ɛ ɪ ɹ ɤ ɨ ɜ ɚ, Ʉɪɚɬɤɢɣ ɫɥɨɜɚɪɶ ɤɨɝɧɢɬɢɜɧɵɯ ɬɟɪɦɢɧɨɜ, Ɇɨɫɤɜɚ 1996, ɫ. 96. 3 Ɂ.Ⱦ. ɉ ɨ ɩ ɨ ɜ ɚ, ɂ.Ⱥ. ɋ ɬ ɟ ɪ ɧ ɢ ɧ, ɭɤɚɡ. ɫɨɱ., ɫ. 24. 4 Ɇ.ȼ. ɉ ɢ ɦ ɟ ɧ ɨ ɜ ɚ, ȼɜɟɞɟɧɢɟ ɜ ɤɨɝɧɢɬɢɜɧɭɸ ɥɢɧɝɜɢɫɬɢɤɭ, Ʉɟɦɟɪɨɜɨ 2005, ɫ. 9.
ȼ ɧɚɫɬɨɹɳɢɣ ɦɨɦɟɧɬ ɥɢɧɝɜɢɫɬɵ ɩɪɟɞɥɨɠɢɥɢ ɰɟɥɵɣ ɪɹɞ ɦɟɬɨɞɨɜ ɢ ɩɪɢɟ-ɦɨɜ ɫɟɦɚɧɬɢɤɨ-ɤɨɝɧɢɬɢɜɧɨɝɨ ɨɩɢɫɚɧɢɹ ɤɨɧɰɟɩɬɨɜ. Ⱦɨɫɬɚɬɨɱɧɨ ɩɨɥɧɨ ɨɧɢ ɩɪɟɞ-ɫɬɚɜɥɟɧɵ ɢ ɫɢɫɬɟɦɚɬɢɡɢɪɨɜɚɧɵ ɜ ɪɚɛɨɬɚɯ Ɂ.Ⱦ. ɉɨɩɨɜɨɣ ɢ ɂ.Ⱥ. ɋɬɟɪɧɢɧɚ. ɇɚ ɤɚɮɟɞɪɟ ɩɪɟɩɨɞɚɜɚɧɢɹ ɪɭɫɫɤɨɝɨ ɹɡɵɤɚ ɜ ɞɪɭɝɢɯ ɹɡɵɤɨɜɵɯ ɫɪɟɞɚɯ ɇɢɠɟɝɨɪɨɞ-ɫɤɨɝɨ ɝɨɫɭɞɚɪɫɬɜɟɧɧɨɝɨ ɭɧɢɜɟɪɫɢɬɟɬɚ ɢɦ. ɇ.ɂ. Ʌɨɛɚɱɟɜɇɢɠɟɝɨɪɨɞ-ɫɤɨɝɨ ɜ 2002 ɝɨɞɭ ɛɵ-ɥɚ ɪɚɡɪɚɛɨɬɚɧɚ ɦɟɬɨɞɢɤɚ ɜɵɹɜɥɟɧɢɹ ɤɨɝɧɢɬɢɜɧɵɯ ɩɪɢɡɧɚɤɨɜ ɤɨɧɰɟɩɬɚ ɜ ɫɜɹɡɢ ɫ ɢɫɫɥɟɞɨɜɚɧɢɟɦ ɤɨɧɰɟɩɬɨɫɮɟɪɵ ɪɭɫɫɤɨɣ ɧɚɪɨɞɧɨɣ ɫɤɚɡɤɢ. Ʉɨɧɫɬɚɧɬɵ ɧɚɪɨɞ-ɧɨɣ ɤɭɥɶɬɭɪɵ ɬɟɫɧɨ ɫɜɹɡɚɧɵ ɫ ɮɨɥɶɤɥɨɪɨɦ. Ɉɩɢɫɚɧɢɟ ɤɨɧɰɟɩɬɨɫɮɟɪɵ ɪɭɫɫɤɨ-ɝɨ ɹɡɵɤɚ ɧɟɜɨɡɦɨɠɧɨ ɛɟɡ ɨɛɪɚɳɟɧɢɹ ɤ ɭɫɬɧɨɦɭ ɧɚɪɨɞɧɨɦɭ ɬɜɨɪɱɟɫɬɜɭ, ɩɨ-ɫɤɨɥɶɤɭ ɢɦɟɧɧɨ ɜ ɷɬɨɦ ɥɢɧɝɜɨɤɭɥɶɬɭɪɧɨɦ ɩɥɚɫɬɟ ɦɨɠɧɨ ɜɵɹɜɢɬɶ ɢɫɬɨɱɧɢɤɢ ɢ ɩɭɬɢ ɫɬɚɧɨɜɥɟɧɢɹ ɦɟɧɬɚɥɶɧɵɯ ɯɚɪɚɤɬɟɪɢɫɬɢɤ ɪɭɫɫɤɨɝɨ ɧɚɪɨɞɚ. ɉɪɚɤɬɢɱɟɫɤɢ ɭ ɜɫɟɯ ɧɚɪɨɞɨɜ ɟɫɬɶ ɫɤɚɡɤɢ. ɉɨɷɬɢɱɧɨɫɬɶ, ɦɭɞɪɨɫɬɶ ɨɛɪɚɳɟɧɢɟ ɤ ɜɟɱɧɵɦ ɧɪɚɜ-ɫɬɜɟɧɧɵɦ ɰɟɧɧɨɫɬɹɦ, ɩɪɟɤɪɚɫɧɵɣ ɩɪɨɡɪɚɱɧɵɣ ɢ ɜɵɩɭɤɥɵɣ ɫɥɨɝ ɞɟɥɚɸɬ ɫɤɚɡɤɭ ɧɟɡɚɦɟɧɢɦɵɦ ɢɧɫɬɪɭɦɟɧɬɨɦ ɮɨɪɦɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɹɡɵɤɨɜɨɣ ɥɢɱɧɨɫɬɢ. Ⱦɟɬɢ ɱɢɬɚɸɬ ɫɤɚɡɤɢ, ɧɚ ɤɨɬɨɪɵɯ ɜɨɫɩɢɬɵɜɚɥɢɫɶ ɪɨɞɢɬɟɥɢ, ɱɬɨ ɨɛɟɫɩɟɱɢɜɚɟɬ ɩɪɟɟɦɫɬɜɟɧ-ɧɨɫɬɶ ɩɨɤɨɥɟɧɢɣ. ɇɟɤɨɬɨɪɵɟ ɫɸɠɟɬɵ ɫɤɚɡɨɤ ɩɪɢɧɚɞɥɟɠɚɬ ɰɟɥɨɣ ɝɪɭɩɩɟ ɧɚɪɨ-ɞɨɜ, ɩɨɷɬɨɦɭ ɫɤɚɡɤɢ ɛɥɢɡɤɢ ɢ ɩɨɧɹɬɧɵ ɧɨɫɢɬɟɥɹɦ ɪɚɡɧɵɯ ɹɡɵɤɨɜ, ɩɨɦɨɝɚɸɬ ɜɡɚɢɦɨɩɨɧɢɦɚɧɢɸ ɥɸɞɟɣ, ɝɨɜɨɪɹɳɢɯ ɧɚ ɪɚɡɧɵɯ ɹɡɵɤɚɯ. Ɇɢɪ ɫɤɚɡɨɤ ɨɱɟɧɶ ɲɢɪɨɤ ɢ ɨɯɜɚɬɵɜɚɟɬ ɜɫɟ ɫɬɨɪɨɧɵ ɦɚɬɟɪɢɚɥɶɧɨɣ ɢ ɞɭɯɨɜɧɨɣ ɠɢɡɧɢ. ɋɤɚɡɤɭ ɩɨ-ɧɢɦɚɸɬ ɜɫɟ. ȼɨɫɩɢɬɵɜɚɹ ɧɚ ɜɟɱɧɵɯ ɰɟɧɧɨɫɬɹɯ, ɫɤɚɡɤɚ ɜ ɬɨ ɠɟ ɜɪɟɦɹ ɨɬɪɚɠɚɟɬ ɧɚɰɢɨɧɚɥɶɧɭɸ ɮɢɥɨɫɨɮɢɸ ɢ ɨɫɨɛɟɧɧɨɫɬɢ ɧɚɰɢɨɧɚɥɶɧɨɣ ɩɫɢɯɨɥɨɝɢɢ. ɋ ɬɨɱɤɢ ɡɪɟɧɢɹ ɦɟɬɨɞɢɤɢ ɩɪɟɩɨɞɚɜɚɧɢɹ ɧɟɪɨɞɧɨɝɨ ɹɡɵɤɚ ɬɟɤɫɬɵ ɫɤɚɡɨɤ ɹɜɥɹɸɬɫɹ ɢɞɟ-ɚɥɶɧɵɦ ɢɧɫɬɪɭɦɟɧɬɨɦ ɮɨɪɦɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɧɟ ɬɨɥɶɤɨ ɤɨɦɦɭɧɢɤɚɬɢɜɧɨɣ, ɧɨ ɢ ɫɬɪɚ-ɧɨɜɟɞɱɟɫɤɨɣ ɢ ɥɢɧɝɜɨɤɭɥɶɬɭɪɧɨɣ ɤɨɦɩɟɬɟɧɰɢɢ. ɇɟ ɫɥɭɱɚɣɧɨ ɜ ɩɪɚɤɬɢɤɟ ɩɪɟ-ɩɨɞɚɜɚɧɢɹ ɧɟ ɬɨɥɶɤɨ ɪɨɞɧɨɝɨ, ɧɨ ɢ ɧɟɪɨɞɧɨɝɨ ɹɡɵɤɚ ɚɤɬɢɜɧɨ ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɭɸɬɫɹ ɫɤɚɡɤɢ. ȼ ɫɟɪɟɞɢɧɟ XIX ɜɟɤɚ ɜɨɡɧɢɤ ɲɢɪɨɤɢɣ ɨɛɳɟɫɬɜɟɧɧɵɣ ɢ ɧɚɭɱɧɵɣ ɢɧɬɟɪɟɫ ɤ ɪɭɫɫɤɨɣ ɧɚɪɨɞɧɨɣ ɫɤɚɡɤɟ. ȼ 1855 ɝɨɞɭ ɜɵɲɟɥ ɜ ɫɜɟɬ ɩɟɪɜɵɣ ɜɵɩɭɫɤ ɇɚɪɨɞ-ɧɵɯ ɪɭɫɫɤɢɯ ɫɤɚɡɨɤ, ɤɨɬɨɪɵɣ ɛɵɥ ɩɨɞɝɨɬɨɜɥɟɧ ɢɫɬɨɪɢɤɨɦ, ɬɟɨɪɟɬɢɤɨɦ ɮɨɥɶ-ɤɥɨɪɚ, ɢɡɞɚɬɟɥɟɦ ɩɚɦɹɬɧɢɤɨɜ ɧɚɪɨɞɧɨɝɨ ɬɜɨɪɱɟɫɬɜɚ Ⱥ.ɇ. Ⱥɮɚɧɚɫɶɟɜɵɦ. Ⱦɨ ɩɨ-ɹɜɥɟɧɢɹ ɷɬɨɝɨ ɫɛɨɪɧɢɤɚ ɪɭɫɫɤɚɹ ɧɚɪɨɞɧɚɹ ɫɤɚɡɤɚ ɛɵɥɚ ɩɪɚɤɬɢɱɟɫɤɢ ɧɟɢɡɜɟɫɬ-ɧɚ. Ɉɫɧɨɜɭ ɫɛɨɪɧɢɤɚ ɫɨɫɬɚɜɢɥɢ ɫɤɚɡɨɱɧɵɟ ɦɚɬɟɪɢɚɥɵ ɚɪɯɢɜɚ Ɋɭɫɫɤɨɝɨ ɝɟɨɝɪɚ-ɮɢɱɟɫɤɨɝɨ ɨɛɳɟɫɬɜɚ, ɛɨɥɶɲɨɟ ɤɨɥɢɱɟɫɬɜɨ ɬɟɤɫɬɨɜ ɛɵɥɨ ɩɟɪɟɞɚɧɨ Ⱥ.ɇ. Ⱥɮɚ-ɧɚɫɶɟɜɭ ȼ.ɂ. Ⱦɚɥɟɦ, ɧɟɛɨɥɶɲɨɟ ɤɨɥɢɱɟɫɬɜɨ ɫɤɚɡɨɤ ɛɵɥɨ ɡɚɩɢɫɚɧɨ ɫɚɦɢɦ Ⱥ.ɇ. Ⱥɮɚɧɚɫɶɟɜɵɦ, ɦɧɨɠɟɫɬɜɨ ɬɟɤɫɬɨɜ ɢɡɞɚɧɧɵɯ ɪɭɤɨɩɢɫɟɣ ɛɵɥɢ ɡɚɩɢɫɚɧɵ ɪɚɡɧɵɦɢ ɥɢɰɚɦɢ. ɋɨɛɪɚɧɢɟ ɫɤɚɡɨɤ Ⱥ.ɇ. Ⱥɮɚɧɚɫɶɟɜɚ ɫɨɞɟɪɠɢɬ ɨɤɨɥɨ ɲɟɫɬɢ-ɫɨɬ ɬɟɤɫɬɨɜ. ɗɬɨ ɫɚɦɵɣ ɛɨɥɶɲɨɣ ɫɛɨɪɧɢɤ ɧɚɪɨɞɧɵɯ ɫɤɚɡɨɤ, ɢɡɜɟɫɬɧɵɯ ɦɢɪɨ-ɜɨɣ ɧɚɭɤɟ. ɋɥɟɞɭɟɬ ɡɚɦɟɬɢɬɶ, ɱɬɨ Ⱥ.ɇ. Ⱥɮɚɧɚɫɶɟɜ ɨɱɟɧɶ ɛɟɪɟɠɧɨ ɨɬɧɨɫɢɥɫɹ ɤ ɬɟɤ-ɫɬɚɦ, ɢɫɩɨɜɟɞɭɹ ɩɪɢɧɰɢɩ ɧɟɩɪɢɤɨɫɧɨɜɟɧɧɨɫɬɢ ɤ ɬɟɤɫɬɭ, ɜɧɨɫɹ ɪɟɞɚɤɰɢɨɧɧɵɟ ɩɨɩɪɚɜɤɢ ɥɢɲɶ ɜ ɨɬɞɟɥɶɧɵɯ ɫɥɭɱɚɹɯ. ɇ.Ⱥ. Ⱦɨɛɪɨɥɸɛɨɜ, ɨɬɤɥɢɤɚɹɫɶ ɧɚ ɢɡɞɚ-ɧɢɟ Ⱥ.ɇ. Ⱥɮɚɧɚɫɶɟɜɚ, ɜɵɫɤɚɡɚɥ ɢɫɤɪɟɧɧɸɸ ɪɚɞɨɫɬɶ, ɨɬɦɟɱɚɹ, ɱɬɨ ɜ ɫɤɚɡɤɚɯ ɫɥɵɲɟɧ ɝɨɥɨɫ ɫɚɦɨɝɨ ɧɚɪɨɞɚ.
ɍ ɫɤɚɡɤɢ ɬɚɤ ɦɧɨɝɨ ɫɜɨɣɫɬɜ, ɱɬɨ ɩɪɟɞɫɬɚɜɢɬɟɥɢ ɪɚɡɧɵɯ ɧɚɭɤ (ɷɬɧɨɝɪɚɮɵ, ɢɫɬɨɪɢɤɢ, ɢɫɬɨɪɢɤɢ ɪɟɥɢɝɢɢ, ɩɫɢɯɨɥɨɝɢ, ɥɢɬɟɪɚɬɭɪɨɜɟɞɵ, ɥɢɧɝɜɢɫɬɵ ɢ ɬ.ɩ.) ɡɚɧɹɬɵ ɢɡɭɱɟɧɢɟɦ ɪɚɡɧɵɯ ɟɟ ɚɫɩɟɤɬɨɜ. ɋɤɚɡɤɚ ɹɜɥɹɟɬɫɹ ɢɞɟɚɥɶɧɵɦ ɩɨɥɟɦ ɞɥɹ ɥɢɧɝɜɢɫɬɨɜ, ɡɚɧɢɦɚɸɳɢɯɫɹ ɜɵɹɜɥɟɧɢɟɦ ɢ ɨɩɢɫɚɧɢɟɦ ɧɚɰɢɨɧɚɥɶɧɵɯ ɤɭɥɶɬɭɪ-ɧɵɯ ɤɨɧɫɬɚɧɬ. ɗɬɢɦ ɨɛɴɹɫɧɹɟɬɫɹ ɢɧɬɟɪɟɫ ɫɩɟɰɢɚɥɢɫɬɨɜ ɤɚɮɟɞɪɵ ɤ ɢɫɫɥɟɞɨ-ɜɚɧɢɸ ɤɨɧɰɟɩɬɨɫɮɟɪɵ ɪɭɫɫɤɨɣ ɧɚɪɨɞɧɨɣ ɫɤɚɡɤɢ. Ɇɚɬɟɪɢɚɥɨɦ ɞɥɹ ɢɡɭɱɟɧɢɹ ɩɨɫɥɭɠɢɥɢ ɇɚɪɨɞɧɵɟ ɪɭɫɫɤɢɟ ɫɤɚɡɤɢ ɩɨɞ ɪɟɞɚɤɰɢɟɣ Ⱥ.ɇ. Ⱥɮɚɧɚɫɶɟɜɚ ɜ ɬɪɟɯ ɬɨɦɚɯ. Ɋɟɡɭɥɶɬɚɬɵ ɩɪɨɜɟɞɟɧɧɨɝɨ ɩɨ ɪɚɡɪɚɛɨɬɚɧɧɨɣ ɦɟɬɨɞɢɤɟ ɢɫɫɥɟɞɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɛɵɥɢ ɨɬɪɚɠɟɧɵ ɜ ɫɮɨɪɦɢɪɨɜɚɧɧɨɦ ɫɥɨɜɚɪɟ ɤɨɧɰɟɩɬɨɜ. Ʉɚɠɞɵɣ ɤɨɧɰɟɩɬ ɩɪɟɞ-ɫɬɚɜɥɟɧ ɜ ɫɥɨɜɚɪɟ ɨɬɞɟɥɶɧɨɣ ɫɥɨɜɚɪɧɨɣ ɫɬɚɬɶɟɣ, ɜ ɤɨɬɨɪɨɣ ɡɚɮɢɤɫɢɪɨɜɚɧɵ ɩɚɪɚɞɢɝɦɚɬɢɱɟɫɤɢɟ ɢ ɫɢɧɬɚɝɦɚɬɢɱɟɫɤɢɟ ɫɜɹɡɢ ɫɥɨɜɚ, ɧɨɦɢɧɢɪɭɸɳɟɝɨ ɤɨɧɰɟɩɬ ɜ ɬɟɤɫɬɚɯ, ɹɡɵɤɨɜɵɟ ɢ ɪɟɱɟɜɵɟ ɡɧɚɱɟɧɢɹ, ɜɵɹɜɥɟɧɧɵɟ ɧɚ ɨɫɧɨɜɟ ɷɬɢɯ ɫɜɹɡɟɣ, ɩɪɢɜɟɞɟɧɵ ɨɛɪɚɡɨɜɚɧɧɵɟ ɩɨ ɪɚɡɧɵɦ ɞɟɪɢɜɚɰɢɨɧɧɵɦ ɦɨɞɟɥɹɦ ɩɪɨɢɡɜɨɞɧɵɟ ɫɥɨɜɚ, ɬɨɥɤɨɜɚɧɢɟ ɡɚɝɥɚɜɧɨɝɨ ɫɥɨɜɚ ɜ ɫɥɨɜɚɪɹɯ, ɫɨɡɞɚɧɧɵɯ ɜ ɪɚɡɧɨɟ ɜɪɟɦɹ. ɉɪɢɟɦɵ ɬɟɡɚɭɪɭɫɧɨɝɨ ɩɪɟɞɫɬɚɜɥɟɧɢɹ ɫɪɟɞɫɬɜ ɜɟɪɛɚɥɢɡɚɰɢɢ ɤɨɧɰɟɩɬɨɜ ɩɨɡɜɨɥɢɥɢ ɭɫɬɚɧɨɜɢɬɶ ɢɯ ɤɨɝɧɢɬɢɜɧɵɟ ɩɪɢɡɧɚɤɢ. ɉɨ ɞɚɧɧɨɣ ɦɟɬɨɞɢɤɟ ɢɫɫɥɟ-ɞɨɜɚɥɫɹ ɢ ɤɨɧɰɟɩɬ ɫɜɚɞɶɛɚ ɧɚ ɦɚɬɟɪɢɚɥɟ ɬɟɤɫɬɨɜ ɫɤɚɡɨɤ. ɑɚɫɬɨɬɧɨɫɬɶ ɥɟɤɫɟɦɵ ɫɜɚɞɶɛɚ ɜ ɬɟɤɫɬɚɯ ɫɤɚɡɨɤ – 128 ɭɩɨɬɪɟɛɥɟɧɢɣ. Ɉɱɟɜɢɞɧɨ, ɱɬɨ ɨɫɧɨɜɭ ɫɦɵɫɥɨɜɨɝɨ ɹɞɪɚ ɤɨɧɰɟɩɬɚ ɫɨɫɬɚɜɥɹɸɬ ɥɟɤɫɢɱɟɫɤɢɟ ɡɧɚɱɟɧɢɹ ɫɥɨɜɚ. Ⱥɧɚɥɢɡ ɫɥɨɜɚɪɟɣ, ɮɢɤɫɢɪɭɸɳɢɯ ɥɟɤɫɢɤɭ ɪɭɫɫɤɨɝɨ ɹɡɵɤɚ ɧɚ ɪɚɡɧɵɯ ɜɪɟɦɟɧɧɵɯ ɫɪɟɡɚɯ, ɩɨɤɚɡɚɥ, ɱɬɨ ɫɟɦɚɧɬɢɱɟɫɤɚɹ ɫɬɪɭɤɬɭɪɚ ɥɟɤɫɟɦɵ ɫɜɚɞɶɛɚ ɜɤɥɸɱɚɟɬ ɬɪɢ ɥɟɤɫɢɤɨ-ɫɟɦɚɧɬɢɱɟɫɤɢɯ ɜɚɪɢɚɧɬɚ: 1) ɛɪɚɱɧɵɣ ɨɛɪɹɞ; 2) ɩɪɚɡɞɧɟɫɬɜɨ ɩɨ ɫɥɭɱɚɸ ɜɫɬɭɩɥɟɧɢɹ ɜ ɛɪɚɤ; 3) ɩɪɢɫɭɬɫɬɜɭɸɳɢɟ ɩɪɢ ɡɚɤɥɸ-ɱɟɧɢɢ ɛɪɚɤɚ ɧɚ ɫɜɚɞɟɛɧɨɦ ɬɨɪɠɟɫɬɜɟ. ȼ ɪɭɫɫɤɢɯ ɧɚɪɨɞɧɵɯ ɫɤɚɡɤɚɯ ɪɟɚɥɢɡɭɸɬɫɹ ɜɫɟ ɥɟɤɫɢɤɨ-ɫɟɦɚɧɬɢɱɟɫɤɢɟ ɜɚ-ɪɢɚɧɬɵ, ɧɨ ɧɚɢɛɨɥɟɟ ɱɚɫɬɨɬɧɵɦ ɹɜɥɹɟɬɫɹ ɜɬɨɪɨɟ ɡɧɚɱɟɧɢɟ, ɜɯɨɞɹɳɟɟ ɜ ɹɞɪɨ ɤɨɧɰɟɩɬɚ. ɋɜɚɞɶɛɚ ɜ ɫɨɡɧɚɧɢɢ ɪɭɫɫɤɨɝɨ ɧɚɪɨɞɚ ɦɵɫɥɢɥɚɫɶ, ɩɪɟɠɞɟ ɜɫɟɝɨ, ɤɚɤ ɩɢɪ, ɜɟɫɟɥɶɟ, ɢ ɛɵɥɚ ɧɟɪɚɡɪɵɜɧɨ ɫɜɹɡɚɧɚ ɫ ɩɪɟɞɲɟɫɬɜɭɸɳɢɦɢ ɨɛɪɹɞɚɦɢ – ɬɚ-ɤɢɦɢ, ɤɚɤ ɫɜɚɬɨɜɫɬɜɨ, ɫɝɨɜɨɪ, ɫɦɨɬɪɢɧɵ ɢ ɬ.ɞ. Ʉɚɤ ɭɠɟ ɨɬɦɟɱɚɥɨɫɶ, ɤɨɝɧɢɬɢɜ-ɧɵɟ ɩɪɢɡɧɚɤɢ ɜɵɹɜɥɹɥɢɫɶ ɧɚ ɨɫɧɨɜɟ ɢɫɫɥɟɞɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɩɚɪɚɞɢɝɦɚɬɢɱɟɫɤɢɯ ɢ ɫɢɧ-ɬɚɝɦɚɬɢɱɟɫɤɢɯ ɫɜɹɡɟɣ ɤɥɸɱɟɜɨɝɨ ɫɥɨɜɚ ɜ ɬɟɤɫɬɚɯ. Ȼɵɥɢ ɩɪɨɚɧɚɥɢɡɢɪɨɜɚɧɵ ɪɟɱɟɜɵɟ ɫɢɧɨɧɢɦɵ, ɨɩɩɨɡɢɬɵ, ɚɫɫɨɰɢɚɰɢɢ, ɢɫɫɥɟɞɨɜɚɥɢɫɶ ɫɢɧɬɚɝɦɚɬɢɱɟɫɤɢɟ ɫɜɹɡɢ ɫ ɝɥɚɝɨɥɚɦɢ, ɩɪɢɱɚɫɬɢɹɦɢ, ɩɪɢɥɚɝɚɬɟɥɶɧɵɦɢ, ɫɭɳɟɫɬɜɢɬɟɥɶɧɵɦɢ ɜ ɮɭɧɤ-ɰɢɢ ɨɩɪɟɞɟɥɟɧɢɹ, ɚ ɬɚɤɠɟ ɞɟɪɢɜɚɬɨɥɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɢɟ ɫɜɹɡɢ ɤɥɸɱɟɜɨɝɨ ɫɥɨɜɚ. ɋɥɨɜɨ ɫɜɚɞɶɛɚ ɜ ɫɤɚɡɤɚɯ ɹɜɥɹɟɬɫɹ ɞɨɦɢɧɚɧɬɨɣ ɫɢɧɨɧɢɦɢɱɟɫɤɨɝɨ ɪɹɞɚ: ɩɢɪ, ɲɭɦ, ɜɟɫɟɥɶɟ, ɜɟɧɟɰ („ɉɨɲɟɥ ɞɭɪɚɤ ɩɨ ɞɟɪɟɜɧɟ, ɫɥɵɲɢɬ – ɜ ɨɞɧɨɣ ɢɡɛɟ ɲɭɦ, ɜɟɫɟɥɶɟ, ɫɜɚɞɶɛɭ ɩɪɚɡɞɧɭɸɬ […]”; „ɐɚɪɶ ɩɨɰɟɥɨɜɚɥ ɰɚɪɟɜɧɭ ɜ ɭɫɬɚ ɫɚ-ɯɚɪɧɵɟ ɢ ɜɫɤɨɪɨɫɬɢ ɨɬɩɪɚɡɞɧɨɜɚɥ ɫɜɚɞɶɛɭ ɫ ɞɭɲɨɸ-ɰɚɪɟɜɧɨɣ – ɢ ɛɵɥɨ ɜɟɫɟɥɶɟ ɢ ɛɨɥɶɲɨɣ ɩɢɪ […]”). Ʉɨɧɬɟɤɫɬɭɚɥɶɧɵɦɢ ɚɧɬɨɧɢɦɚɦɢ (ɨɩɩɨɡɢɬɚɦɢ) ɤ ɫɥɨɜɭ ɫɜɚɞɶɛɚ ɹɜɥɹɸɬɫɹ ɦɨɝɢɥɚ, ɩɨɯɨɪɨɧɵ ɜ ɡɧɚɱɟɧɢɢ ɨɛɪɹɞɚ, ɩɪɨɬɢɜɨɩɨɫɬɚɜɥɟɧ-ɧɨɝɨ ɫɜɚɞɶɛɟ. ɋɜɚɞɶɛɚ ɜɫɟɝɞɚ ɛɵɥɚ ɫɜɹɡɚɧɚ ɫ ɰɟɪɤɨɜɧɵɦ ɨɛɪɹɞɨɦ, ɜɟɫɟɥɶɟɦ, ɧɨɜɵɦɢ ɪɨɞɫɬɜɟɧɧɵɦɢ ɫɜɹɡɹɦɢ, ɨ ɱɟɦ ɫɜɢɞɟɬɟɥɶɫɬɜɭɸɬ ɜɵɹɜɥɟɧɧɵɟ ɜ ɬɟɤɫɬɚɯ ɫɤɚɡɨɤ
ɚɫɫɨɰɢɚɬɵ: ɧɟɜɟɫɬɚ, ɠɟɧɢɯ, ɫɭɠɟɧɵɣ(-ɚɹ), ɧɚɪɟɱɟɧɧɵɣ(-ɚɹ), ɦɨɥɨɞɟɰ, ɞɟɜɢɰɚ, ɰɚɪɟɜɢɱ, ɰɚɪɟɜɧɚ, ɩɨɩ, ɩɨɩɚɞɶɹ, ɦɨɥɨɞɵɟ, ɩɪɢɞɚɧɨɟ, ɛɥɚɝɨɫɥɨɜɟɧɢɟ, ɰɟɪɤɨɜɶ, ɝɨɫɬɢ, ɦɟɞ-ɩɢɜɨ, ɫɜɚɞɟɛɧɵɣ ɫɬɨɥ, ɫɜɚɯɚ, ɫɜɚɬɨɜɫɬɜɨ, ɫɱɚɫɬɶɟ, ɮɚɬɚ, ɤɨɥɶɰɨ, ɩɨɞɜɟɧɟɱɧɨɟ ɩɥɚɬɶɟ, ɩɨɜɚɪ, ɫɜɚɞɟɛɧɚɹ ɩɟɫɧɹ. Ɉɱɟɧɶ ɜɚɠɧɵɦ ɜ ɤɨɝɧɢɬɢɜɧɵɯ ɢɫɫɥɟɞɨɜɚɧɢɹɯ ɩɪɟɞɫɬɚɜɥɹɟɬɫɹ ɚɧɚɥɢɡ ɝɥɚɝɨɥɶɧɨɣ ɫɢɧɬɚɝɦɚɬɢɤɢ ɤɥɸɱɟɜɨɝɨ ɫɥɨɜɚ, ɩɨɫɤɨɥɶɤɭ ɝɥɚɝɨɥɵ, ɧɨɦɢɧɢɪɭɹ ɞɟɣɫɬɜɢɹ, ɫɨɡɞɚɸɬ ɞɢɧɚɦɢɱɟɫɤɢɣ ɨɛɪɚɡ. ɋɨɱɟɬɚɧɢɣ ɫ ɝɥɚɝɨɥɚɦɢ, ɜ ɤɨɬɨɪɵɯ ɥɟɤɫɟɦɚ ɫɜɚɞɶɛɚ ɜɵɫɬɭɩɚɟɬ ɜ ɤɚɱɟɫɬɜɟ ɥɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɨɝɨ ɫɭɛɴɟɤɬɚ ɞɟɣɫɬɜɢɹ (ɝɨɬɨɜɢɬɫɹ, ɡɚɜɨɞɢɬɫɹ, ɫɩɪɚɜɥɹɟɬɫɹ, ɡɚɬɟɜɚ-ɟɬɫɹ, ɛɵɥɚ), ɫɪɚɜɧɢɬɟɥɶɧɨ ɦɚɥɨ. Ƚɨɪɚɡɞɨ ɱɚɳɟ ɜɫɬɪɟɱɚɸɬɫɹ ɫɨɱɟɬɚɧɢɹ ɫ ɝɥɚɝɨ-ɥɚɦɢ, ɨɛɨɡɧɚɱɚɸɳɢɦɢ ɞɟɣɫɬɜɢɟ ɧɚɞ ɥɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɢɦ ɨɛɴɟɤɬɨɦ (ɫɵɝɪɚɬɶ, ɨɬɩɪɚɡɞ-ɧɨɜɚɬɶ, ɨɬɩɢɪɨɜɚɬɶ, ɫɞɟɥɚɬɶ, ɨɬɫɪɨɱɢɬɶ, ɢɫɩɨɪɬɢɬɶ, ɧɚɱɚɬɶ, ɩɨɟɯɚɬɶ ɢ ɬ.ɞ.). ɇɚɞɨ ɨɬɦɟɬɢɬɶ ɱɚɫɬɨɬɧɨɫɬɶ ɭɫɬɨɣɱɢɜɨɝɨ ɫɨɱɟɬɚɧɢɹ ɫɵɝɪɚɬɶ ɫɜɚɞɶɛɭ. ɋɜɚɞɶɛɚ ɢɡɧɚɱɚɥɶɧɨ ɹɜɥɹɟɬ ɫɨɛɨɣ ɬɟɚɬɪɚɥɢɡɨɜɚɧɧɨɟ ɞɟɣɫɬɜɨ, ɧɚɪɨɞɧɨɟ „ɩɪɨ-ɢɡɜɟɞɟɧɢɟ” ɫɨ ɫɜɨɢɦɢ ɭɫɬɨɣɱɢɜɵɦɢ ɫɸɠɟɬɚɦɢ, ɧɚɛɨɪɨɦ ɨɛɹɡɚɬɟɥɶɧɵɯ ɩɟɪ-ɫɨɧɚɠɟɣ. Ʉɪɨɦɟ ɬɨɝɨ, ɜ ɪɭɫɫɤɢɯ ɧɚɪɨɞɧɵɯ ɫɤɚɡɤɚɯ ɥɟɤɫɟɦɚ ɫɜɚɞɶɛɚ ɜɯɨɞɢɬ ɜ ɬɪɚɞɢɰɢɨɧɧɭɸ ɤɨɧɰɨɜɤɭ: „ɧɚ ɬɨɣ ɫɜɚɞɶɛɟ ɹ ɛɵɥ, ɦɟɞ-ɩɢɜɨ ɩɢɥ”. Ɋɚɫɫɦɚɬɪɢɜɚɟɦɚɹ ɥɟɤɫɟɦɚ ɫɨɱɟɬɚɟɬɫɹ ɜ ɫɤɚɡɤɚɯ ɬɨɥɶɤɨ ɫ ɬɪɟɦɹ ɩɪɢɥɚɝɚ-ɬɟɥɶɧɵɦɢ: ɜɟɫɟɥɚɹ, ɛɨɝɚɬɚɹ, ɡɧɚɬɧɚɹ. ȼ ɪɭɫɫɤɨɦ ɮɨɥɶɤɥɨɪɟ ɫɜɚɞɶɛɚ ɬɪɟɛɭɟɬ ɨɫɨɛɨɝɨ ɪɚɡɦɚɯɚ. Ɉɛ ɨɫɨɛɨɦ ɨɬɧɨɲɟɧɢɢ ɤ ɫɜɚɞɶɛɟ ɫɜɢɞɟɬɟɥɶɫɬɜɭɟɬ ɢ ɭɩɨɬɪɟɛ-ɥɟɧɢɟ ɜ ɫɤɚɡɤɚɯ ɞɟɦɢɧɭɬɢɜɚ ɫɜɚɞɟɛɤɚ. Ɍɚɤɢɦ ɨɛɪɚɡɨɦ, ɩɪɨɜɟɞɟɧɧɨɟ ɤɨɦɩɥɟɤɫɧɨɟ ɢɫɫɥɟɞɨɜɚɧɢɟ ɫɪɟɞɫɬɜ ɜɟɪɛɚɥɢ-ɡɚɰɢɢ ɤɨɧɰɟɩɬɚ ɫɜɚɞɶɛɚ ɤɚɤ ɟɞɢɧɨɝɨ ɦɟɧɬɚɥɶɧɨɝɨ ɨɛɪɚɡɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɩɨɡɜɨɥɢɥɨ ɫɞɟ-ɥɚɬɶ ɜɵɜɨɞ ɨ ɬɨɦ, ɱɬɨ ɨɧ ɜɤɥɸɱɚɟɬ ɫɥɟɞɭɸɳɢɟ ɤɨɝɧɢɬɢɜɧɵɟ ɩɪɢɡɧɚɤɢ, ɪɟɚɥɢ-ɡɨɜɚɧɧɵɟ ɜ ɬɟɤɫɬɚɯ ɫɤɚɡɨɤ ɹɡɵɤɨɜɵɦɢ ɢ ɪɟɱɟɜɵɦɢ ɡɧɚɱɟɧɢɹɦɢ: ɋɜɚɞɶɛɚ – ɩɢɪɲɟɫɬɜɨ, ɩɪɚɡɞɧɟɫɬɜɨ, ɜɟɫɟɥɶɟ („ɋɜɚɞɶɛɚ ɛɵɥɚ ɜɟɫɟɥɚɹ; ɬɪɢ ɞɧɹ ɧɚɪɨɞ ɛɟɡ ɩɪɨɫɵɯɭ ɩɶɹɧɫɬɜɨɜɚɥ, ɬɪɢ ɞɧɹ ɤɚɛɚɤɢ ɢ ɯɚɪɱɟɜɧɢ ɫɬɨɹɥɢ ɨɬɜɨ-ɪɟɧɵ – ɤɬɨ ɯɨɲɶ ɩɪɢɯɨɞɢ, ɩɟɣ ɢ ɟɲɶ ɡɚ ɤɚɡɟɧɧɵɣ ɫɱɟɬ!”; „ɉɨɲɟɥ ɞɭɪɚɤ ɩɨ ɞɟɪɟɜɧɟ, ɫɥɵɲɢɬ – ɜ ɨɞɧɨɣ ɢɡɛɟ ɲɭɦ, ɜɟɫɟɥɶɟ, ɫɜɚɞɶɛɭ ɩɪɚɡɞɧɭɸɬ”). ɋɜɚɞɶɛɚ – ɰɟɪɤɨɜɧɵɣ ɨɛɪɹɞ (ɜɟɧɱɚɧɢɟ) („Ɍɭɬ ɢɯ ɢ ɨɛɜɟɧɱɚɥɢ; ɧɚ ɬɨɣ ɫɜɚɞɶɛɟ ɢ ɹ ɛɵɥ, ɦɟɞ-ɩɢɜɨ ɩɢɥ, ɩɨ ɛɨɪɨɞɟ ɬɟɤɥɨ, ɜ ɪɨɬ ɧɟ ɩɨɩɚɥɨ”; „ȼɨɬ ɷɬɨɝɨ ɩɨɩɚ ɩɨɡɜɚɥɢ ɧɚ ɫɜɚɞɶɛɭ ɜɟɧɱɚɬɶ ɦɨɥɨɞɵɯ”). ɋɜɚɞɶɛɚ – ɞɟɧɶ, ɧɚ ɤɨɬɨɪɵɣ ɧɚɡɧɚɱɟɧɨ ɛɪɚɤɨɫɨɱɟɬɚɧɢɟ, ɤɚɤ ɝɪɚɧɢɰɚ, ɤɨ-ɬɨɪɚɹ ɞɟɥɢɬ ɠɢɡɧɶ ɱɟɥɨɜɟɤɚ ɧɚ ɞɜɟ ɱɚɫɬɢ („ɋɥɵɲɚɬ ɥɸɞɢ, ɱɬɨ ɭ ɰɚɪɹ ɜ ɬɚɤɨɣ--ɬɨ ɞɟɧɶ ɫɜɚɞɶɛɚ; ɞɨɠɞɚɥɢɫɶ ɢ ɬɨɝɨ ɞɧɹ”; „ȼ ɞɟɧɶ ɫɜɚɞɶɛɵ ɨɬɩɪɚɜɢɥɫɹ ɠɟɧɢɯ ɧɚ ɤɥɚɞɛɢɳɟ ɢ ɩɪɨɩɚɥ”). ɋɜɚɞɶɛɚ – ɯɥɨɩɨɬɵ, ɫɜɹɡɚɧɧɵɟ ɫ ɨɪɝɚɧɢɡɚɰɢɟɣ ɫɜɚɞɟɛɧɨɝɨ ɬɨɪɠɟɫɬɜɚ („ȼ ɞɜɨɪɰɟ ɫɜɚɞɶɛɚ ɝɨɬɨɜɢɬɫɹ; ɯɜɚɬɢɥɢɫɶ ɩɨɜɚɪɚ…”; „ɋɬɚɥɢ ɡɚɤɭɩɚɬɶ ɤ ɬɟɦ ɫɜɚɞɶɛɚɦ ɧɚɪɹɞɵ…”). ɋɜɚɞɶɛɚ – ɩɪɢɫɭɬɫɬɜɭɸɳɢɟ ɩɪɢ ɡɚɤɥɸɱɟɧɢɢ ɛɪɚɤɚ, ɧɚ ɫɜɚɞɟɛɧɨɦ ɬɨɪɠɟɫɬ-ɜɟ („ɉɨɫɤɚɤɚɥ ɢ ɫɧɹɥ ɬɪɭɛɭ ɫ ɞɨɦɚ, ɬɭɬ ɜɫɟ ɡɚɤɪɢɱɚɥɢ, ɩɟɪɟɩɭɝɚɜɲɢɫɶ, ɫɜɚɞɶɛɚ ɪɚɡɴɟɯɚɥɚɫɶ”; „Ʉɨɧɶ ɩɨɧɟɫ ɟɝɨ ɬɚɤ ɲɢɛɤɨ, ɱɬɨ ɫɨɪɜɚɥ ɫ ɞɨɦɚ ɤɪɵɲɭ; ɜɫɟ ɡɚ-ɤɪɢɱɚɥɢ, ɩɪɢɧɹɥɢɫɶ ɫɬɪɟɥɹɬɶ ɜ ɤɨɧɹ, ɬɨɥɶɤɨ ɧɟ ɩɨɩɚɥɢ; ɫɜɚɞɶɛɚ ɨɩɹɬɶ ɪɚɡɴɟ-ɯɚɥɚɫɶ”).
ɋɜɚɞɶɛɚ – ɡɚɦɭɠɟɫɬɜɨ („Ɉɧɚ ɫɬɚɥɚ ɡɚɛɵɜɚɬɶ ɬɟɛɹ, ɜɵɯɨɞɢɬ ɡɚɦɭɠ ɡɚ ɞɪɭ-ɝɨɝɨ: ɫɤɨɪɨ ɫɜɚɞɶɛɚ!”; „Ɍɭɬ ɞɭɦɧɵɟ ɤɧɹɡɶɹ ɢ ɛɨɹɪɟ ɩɪɢɫɭɞɢɥɢ ɤɨɪɨɥɟɜɧɟ ɜɵ-ɯɨɞɢɬɶ ɡɚɦɭɠ ɡɚ ɂɜɚɧɚ-ɰɚɪɟɜɢɱɚ; ɯɨɬɶ ɨɧɚ ɢ ɧɟ ɪɚɞɚ, ɚ ɞɟɥɚɬɶ ɧɟɱɟɝɨ – ɫɬɚɥɚ ɝɨɬɨɜɢɬɶɫɹ ɤ ɫɜɚɞɶɛɟ”). ɋɜɚɞɶɛɚ – ɧɚɝɪɚɞɚ ɡɚ ɫɥɭɠɛɭ („ɇɭ, – ɝɨɜɨɪɢɬ ɰɚɪɶ, – ɬɟɩɟɪɶ ɧɚɦ ɦɨɠɧɨ ɢ ɫɜɚɞɶɛɭ ɢɝɪɚɬɶ: ɧɢɤɚɤɨɣ ɩɨɦɟɯɢ ɧɟ ɛɭɞɟɬ!”). Ⱦɥɹ ɢɫɫɥɟɞɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɤɨɧɰɟɩɬɚ ɫɜɚɞɶɛɚ ɜ ɫɢɧɯɪɨɧɧɨɦ ɫɨɫɬɨɹɧɢɢ ɛɵɥ ɩɪɨɜɟ-ɞɟɧ ɚɫɫɨɰɢɚɬɢɜɧɵɣ ɷɤɫɩɟɪɢɦɟɧɬ. ɋɩɟɰɢɚɥɢɫɬɵ ɜ ɨɛɥɚɫɬɢ ɩɫɢɯɨɥɢɧɝɜɢɫɬɢɤɢ ɩɨɥɚɝɚɸɬ, ɱɬɨ ɚɫɫɨɰɢɚɬɢɜɧɨɟ ɩɨɥɟ ɨɩɪɟɞɟɥɟɧɧɨɝɨ ɫɥɨɜɚ-ɫɬɢɦɭɥɚ, ɩɨɥɭɱɟɧɧɨɟ ɜ ɪɟɡɭɥɶɬɚɬɟ ɷɤɫɩɟɪɢɦɟɧɬɚ, ɩɪɟɞɫɬɚɜɥɹɟɬ ɫɨɛɨɣ ɧɟ ɬɨɥɶɤɨ ɮɪɚɝɦɟɧɬ ɜɟɪ-ɛɚɥɶɧɨɣ ɩɚɦɹɬɢ ɱɟɥɨɜɟɤɚ, ɧɨ ɢ ɮɪɚɝɦɟɧɬ ɤɨɧɰɟɩɬɨɫɮɟɪɵ ɷɬɧɨɫɚ, ɨɬɪɚɠɟɧɧɵɣ ɢ ɡɚɤɪɟɩɥɟɧɧɵɣ ɜ ɫɨɡɧɚɧɢɢ ɧɨɫɢɬɟɥɹ ɹɡɵɤɚ ɢ ɤɭɥɶɬɭɪɵ. „Ⱦɥɹ ɨɩɢɫɚɧɢɹ ɤɨɧ-ɰɟɩɬɚ ɜ ɟɝɨ ɫɢɧɯɪɨɧɧɨɦ ɫɨɫɬɨɹɧɢɢ ɧɟɨɛɯɨɞɢɦɨ ɫɢɧɯɪɨɧɧɨɟ ɢɫɫɥɟɞɨɜɚɧɢɟ ɪɟɩɪɟɡɟɧɬɚɰɢɢ ɤɨɧɰɟɩɬɚ ɜ ɥɟɤɫɢɤɨ-ɫɟɦɚɧɬɢɱɟɫɤɢɯ ɫɢɫɬɟɦɚɯ ɹɡɵɤɚ, ɞɨɩɨɥɧɟɧ-ɧɨɟ ɩɨ ɜɨɡɦɨɠɧɨɫɬɢ ɚɧɚɥɢɡɨɦ ɪɟɡɭɥɶɬɚɬɨɜ ɚɫɫɨɰɢɚɬɢɜɧɵɯ ɷɤɫɩɟɪɢɦɟɧɬɨɜ ɢ ɢɡɭɱɟɧɢɟɦ ɞɢɫɤɭɪɫɢɜɧɨɝɨ ɮɭɧɤɰɢɨɧɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɫɥɨɜ, ɹɜɥɹɸɳɢɯɫɹ ɥɟɤɫɢɱɟ-ɫɤɢɦɢ ɪɟɩɪɟɡɟɧɬɚɰɢɹɦɢ ɤɨɧɰɟɩɬɚ”5. Ɍɚɤɨɣ ɚɧɚɥɢɡ ɩɨɡɜɨɥɹɟɬ ɭɜɢɞɟɬɶ, ɤɚɤɨɟ ɫɨɞɟɪɠɚɧɢɟ ɜɤɥɚɞɵɜɚɸɬ ɧɨɫɢɬɟɥɢ ɬɨɝɨ ɢɥɢ ɢɧɨɝɨ ɹɡɵɤɚ ɜ ɬɟ ɢɥɢ ɢɧɵɟ ɩɨ-ɧɹɬɢɹ, ɢ ɜɵɹɜɢɬɶ ɫɜɹɡɢ, ɫɭɳɟɫɬɜɭɸɳɢɟ ɜ ɤɨɧɰɟɩɬɭɚɥɶɧɨɣ ɫɢɫɬɟɦɟ ɧɨɫɢɬɟɥɟɣ ɹɡɵɤɚ (ɬ.ɟ. ɜɡɚɢɦɨɞɟɣɫɬɜɢɟ ɚɧɚɥɢɡɢɪɭɟɦɨɝɨ ɤɨɧɰɟɩɬɚ ɫ ɞɪɭɝɢɦɢ ɤɨɧɰɟɩɬɚɦɢ). Ɇɚɬɟɪɢɚɥ ɚɫɫɨɰɢɚɬɢɜɧɵɯ ɷɤɫɩɟɪɢɦɟɧɬɨɜ ɞɚɟɬ ɜɨɡɦɨɠɧɨɫɬɶ ɜɵɹɜɢɬɶ ɧɚɢɛɨɥɶ-ɲɟɟ ɤɨɥɢɱɟɫɬɜɨ ɚɤɬɭɚɥɶɧɵɯ ɞɥɹ ɫɨɜɪɟɦɟɧɧɨɝɨ ɫɨɫɬɨɹɧɢɹ ɫɨɡɧɚɧɢɹ ɩɪɢɡɧɚɤɨɜ ɤɨɧɰɟɩɬɚ. ȼ ɷɤɫɩɟɪɢɦɟɧɬɟ ɩɪɢɧɹɥɢ ɭɱɚɫɬɢɟ 103 ɢɧɮɨɪɦɚɧɬɚ ɞɜɭɯ ɜɨɡɪɚɫɬɧɵɯ ɤɚɬɟ-ɝɨɪɢɣ (21–27 ɥɟɬ ɢ 30–61 ɝɨɞ), ɩɨ ɝɟɧɞɟɪɧɨɦɭ ɩɪɢɡɧɚɤɭ ɝɪɭɩɩɵ ɛɵɥɢ ɩɪɢɛɥɢ-ɡɢɬɟɥɶɧɨ ɪɚɜɧɵɟ. ȼɫɟ ɢɫɩɵɬɭɟɦɵɟ ɢɦɟɥɢ ɜɵɫɲɟɟ ɨɛɪɚɡɨɜɚɧɢɟ. Ⱥɫɫɨɰɢɚɬɢɜ-ɧɵɣ ɷɤɫɩɟɪɢɦɟɧɬ ɩɪɨɜɨɞɢɥɫɹ ɩɭɬɟɦ ɚɧɤɟɬɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɹ. ɂɫɩɵɬɭɟɦɵɟ ɫɨɨɛɳɚɥɢ ɨ ɫɟɛɟ ɨɛɳɢɟ ɫɜɟɞɟɧɢɹ: ɜɨɡɪɚɫɬ, ɩɨɥ, ɫɩɟɰɢɚɥɶɧɨɫɬɶ. Ɂɚɬɟɦ ɩɪɟɞɥɚɝɚɥɨɫɶ ɞɚɬɶ 10 ɥɸɛɵɯ ɫɥɨɜɟɫɧɵɯ ɪɟɚɤɰɢɣ (ɫɥɨɜɨ, ɫɥɨɜɨɫɨɱɟɬɚɧɢɟ, ɩɪɟɞɥɨɠɟɧɢɟ) ɧɚ ɫɥɨɜɨ--ɫɬɢɦɭɥ ɫɜɚɞɶɛɚ. ɑɢɫɥɨ 10 ɩɪɟɜɵɲɚɟɬ ɨɛɴɟɦ ɤɪɚɬɤɨɫɪɨɱɧɨɣ ɩɚɦɹɬɢ ɱɟɥɨɜɟɤɚ, ɪɚɜɧɹɸɳɟɣɫɹ 5–7 ɟɞɢɧɢɰɚɦ, ɨɞɧɚɤɨ ɛɵɥɨ ɪɟɲɟɧɨ ɧɟ ɨɝɪɚɧɢɱɢɜɚɬɶ ɬɟɯ ɪɟɫ-ɩɨɧɞɟɧɬɨɜ, ɤɨɬɨɪɵɟ ɦɨɝɥɢ ɛɵ ɞɚɬɶ ɛɨɥɶɲɟɟ ɤɨɥɢɱɟɫɬɜɨ ɚɫɫɨɰɢɚɰɢɣ. ȼ ɯɨɞɟ ɷɤɫɩɟɪɢɦɟɧɬɚ ɪɟɫɩɨɧɞɟɧɬɵ ɧɟ ɢɫɩɵɬɵɜɚɥɢ ɡɚɬɪɭɞɧɟɧɢɣ, ɢ ɛɨɥɶɲɢɧɫɬɜɨ ɢɡ ɨɩɪɚɲɢɜɚɟɦɵɯ ɫɩɪɚɜɢɥɢɫɶ ɫ ɡɚɞɚɧɢɟɦ ɜ ɬɟɱɟɧɢɟ 3–4 ɦɢɧɭɬ. (Ȼɵɥɨ ɩɨɥɭɱɟɧɨ ɜɫɟɝɨ ɬɪɢ ɨɬɤɚɡɚ). ȼ ɧɟɤɨɬɨɪɵɯ ɫɥɭɱɚɹɯ ɢɫɩɵɬɭɟɦɵɟ ɞɚɜɚɥɢ ɛɨɥɟɟ 10 ɪɟɚɤɰɢɣ ɧɚ ɫɥɨɜɨ-ɫɬɢɦɭɥ. ɗɬɨ ɦɨɠɟɬ ɫɜɢɞɟɬɟɥɶɫɬɜɨɜɚɬɶ ɨ ɬɨɦ, ɱɬɨ ɤɨɧɰɟɩɬ ɫɜɚɞɶɛɚ ɧɚ-ɯɨɞɢɬɫɹ ɜ ɚɤɬɢɜɧɨɣ ɡɨɧɟ ɫɨɡɧɚɧɢɹ. ɇɚ ɫɥɨɜɨ-ɫɬɢɦɭɥ ɫɜɚɞɶɛɚ ɛɵɥɨ ɩɨɥɭɱɟɧɨ 1075 ɚɫɫɨɰɢɚɬɢɜɧɵɯ ɪɟɚɤɰɢɣ, ɢɡ ɤɨɬɨɪɵɯ 296 – ɪɚɡɥɢɱɧɵɟ. ɉɪɢ ɨɛɪɚɛɨɬɤɟ ɪɟɡɭɥɶɬɚɬɨɜ ɭɱɢɬɵɜɚɥɢɫɶ ɢ ɟɞɢɧɢɱɧɵɟ ɚɫɫɨɰɢɚɬɵ. Ɋɟɡɭɥɶɬɚɬɵ ɨɩɪɨɫɚ ɪɟɫɩɨɧɞɟɧɬɨɜ ɩɨɡɜɨɥɹɸɬ ɫɞɟɥɚɬɶ ɧɟɤɨɬɨɪɵɟ ɜɵɜɨɞɵ ɨ ɫɦɵɫɥɨɜɨɦ ɧɚɩɨɥɧɟɧɢɢ ɢɫɫɥɟɞɭɟɦɨɝɨ ɤɨɧɰɟɩɬɚ. Ƚ.Ⱥ. Ɇɚɪɬɢɧɨɜɢɱ ɩɪɟɞɥɚɝɚ-________________ 5 ɇ.ȼ. Ʉ ɪ ɸ ɱ ɤ ɨ ɜ ɚ, Ʌɢɧɝɜɨɤɭɥɶɬɭɪɧɨɟ ɜɚɪɶɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɟ ɤɨɧɰɟɬɨɜ, ɋɚɪɚɬɨɜ 2005, ɫ. 23.
ɟɬ ɜɟɪɛɚɥɶɧɵɟ ɪɟɚɤɰɢɢ ɤɥɚɫɫɢɮɢɰɢɪɨɜɚɬɶ ɩɨ ɮɨɪɦɚɥɶɧɨ ɝɪɚɦɦɚɬɢɱɟɫɤɢɦ ɨɫɨɛɟɧɧɨɫɬɹɦ ɨɬɜɟɬɨɜ-ɪɟɚɤɰɢɣ6. ȼ ɯɨɞɟ ɷɤɫɩɟɪɢɦɟɧɬɚ ɛɵɥɨ ɜɵɹɜɥɟɧɨ ɱɟɬɵɪɟ ɨɫɧɨɜɧɵɯ ɬɢɩɚ ɪɟɚɤɰɢɣ: ɩɪɟɞɥɨɠɟɧɢɹ, ɫɤɚɡɭɟɦɵɟ, ɪɟɚɤɰɢɢ--ɫɥɨɜɨɫɨɱɟɬɚɧɢɹ ɢ ɪɟɚɤɰɢɢ-ɫɥɨɜɨɮɨɪɦɵ. Ⱥɫɫɨɰɢɚɬɢɜɧɵɣ ɚɧɚɥɢɡ ɫɥɨɜɚ-ɫɬɢɦɭ-ɥɚ ɫɜɚɞɶɛɚ ɩɨɤɚɡɚɥ, ɱɬɨ ɩɨɞɚɜɥɹɸɳɟɟ ɱɢɫɥɨ ɪɟɚɤɰɢɣ ɹɜɥɹɸɬɫɹ ɫɥɨɜɨɮɨɪɦɚ-ɦɢ – ɫɭɳɟɫɬɜɢɬɟɥɶɧɵɫɥɨɜɨɮɨɪɦɚ-ɦɢ ɜ ɢɦɟɧɢɬɟɥɶɧɨɦ ɩɚɞɟɠɟ (96% ɨɬ ɨɛɳɟɝɨ ɦɚɫɫɢɜɚ ɚɫɫɨɰɢɚɰɢɣ). Ɋɟɚɤɰɢɢ-ɫɥɨɜɨɫɨɱɟɬɚɧɢɹ ɫɨɫɬɚɜɥɹɸɬ ɩɪɢɛɥɢɡɢɬɟɥɶɧɨ 2,9%, ɪɟɚɤ-ɰɢɢ-ɫɤɚɡɭɟɦɵɟ – 0,7% ɢ ɪɟɚɤɰɢɢ-ɩɪɟɞɥɨɠɟɧɢɹ – 0,4%. ɉɪɟɨɛɥɚɞɚɧɢɟ ɫɭɳɟɫɬɜɢ-ɬɟɥɶɧɵɯ ɜ ɨɬɜɟɬɚɯ ɪɟɫɩɨɧɞɟɧɬɨɜ ɦɨɠɟɬ ɛɵɬɶ ɨɛɴɹɫɧɟɧɨ ɥɟɤɫɢɤɨ-ɝɪɚɦɦɚɬɢɱɟ-ɫɤɢɦɢ ɨɫɨɛɟɧɧɨɫɬɹɦɢ ɫɥɨɜɚ-ɫɬɢɦɭɥɚ: ɢɦɹ ɫɭɳɟɫɬɜɢɬɟɥɶɧɨɟ ɜ ɢɦɟɧɢɬɟɥɶɧɨɦ ɩɚɞɟɠɟ ɟɞɢɧɫɬɜɟɧɧɨɝɨ ɱɢɫɥɚ. ȼ ɯɨɞɟ ɷɤɫɩɟɪɢɦɟɧɬɚ ɛɵɥɚ ɩɪɟɞɩɪɢɧɹɬɚ ɩɨɩɵɬɤɚ ɜɵɹɜɢɬɶ ɧɟɤɨɬɨɪɵɟ ɝɟɧ-ɞɟɪɧɵɟ ɨɫɨɛɟɧɧɨɫɬɢ ɤɨɧɰɟɩɬɚ ɫɜɚɞɶɛɚ. ɋ ɷɬɨɣ ɰɟɥɶɸ ɛɵɥɢ ɫɨɩɨɫɬɚɜɥɟɧɵ ɚɫɫɨɰɢɚɬɢɜɧɵɟ ɪɟɚɤɰɢɢ, ɜɫɬɪɟɬɢɜɲɢɟɫɹ ɧɟ ɦɟɧɟɟ 4 ɪɚɡ ɜ ɨɬɜɟɬɚɯ ɦɭɠɱɢɧ ɢ ɠɟɧɳɢɧ: Ɇɭɠɱɢɧɵ (46 ɱɟɥ.): ɧɟɜɟɫɬɚ (32), ɠɟɧɢɯ (21), ɤɨɥɶɰɚ (17), ɁȺȽɋ (15), ɰɜɟɬɵ (12), ɝɨɫɬɢ (12), ɩɥɚɬɶɟ (12), ɞɪɚɤɚ (12), ɥɸɛɨɜɶ (11), ɲɚɦɩɚɧɫɤɨɟ (10), ɮɚɬɚ (9), ɫɱɚɫɬɶɟ (9), ɬɚɦɚɞɚ (9), ɫɜɢɞɟɬɟɥɢ (8), ɫɟɦɶɹ (8), ɞɟɬɢ (8), ɜɵɤɭɩ (7), ɡɚɫɬɨɥɶɟ (7), ɬɟɳɚ (7), ɤɨɪɬɟɠ (7), ɜɟɫɟɥɶɟ (6), ɩɨɞɚɪɤɢ (6), ɥɢɦɭɡɢɧ (6), ɩɶɹɧɤɚ (5), ɬɨɪɬ (5), ɛɭɤɟɬ (5), ɤɪɚɫɨɬɚ (5), ɤɚɮɟ (5), ɩɪɚɡɞɧɢɤ (4), ɪɨɞɢɬɟɥɢ (4), ɩɟɪɜɚɹ ɛɪɚɱɧɚɹ ɧɨɱɶ (4). ɀɟɧɳɢɧɵ (54 ɱɟɥ.): ɧɟɜɟɫɬɚ (27), ɠɟɧɢɯ (25), ɥɸɛɨɜɶ (21), ɮɚɬɚ (20), ɤɨɥɶ-ɰɚ (19), ɰɜɟɬɵ (19), ɫɱɚɫɬɶɟ (15), ɩɥɚɬɶɟ (15), ɁȺȽɋ (10), ɲɚɦɩɚɧɫɤɨɟ (10), ɜɟ-ɫɟɥɶɟ (10), ɝɨɫɬɢ (9), ɩɪɚɡɞɧɢɤ (9), ɛɭɤɟɬ (9), ɛɟɥɨɟ ɩɥɚɬɶɟ (8), ɫɜɢɞɟɬɟɥɢ (8), ɬɚɦɚɞɚ (8), ɬɚɧɰɵ (8), ɫɟɦɶɹ (8), ɩɶɹɧɤɚ (8), ɬɨɪɬ (7), ɩɨɞɚɪɤɢ (7), ɦɚɲɢɧɵ (7), ɜɵɤɭɩ (6), ɞɟɧɶɝɢ (7), ɪɨɞɫɬɜɟɧɧɢɤɢ (6), ɪɨɞɢɬɟɥɢ (6), ɡɚɫɬɨɥɶɟ (6), „Ƚɨɪɶɤɨ!” (6), ɜɨɥɧɟɧɢɟ (6), ɬɟɳɚ (5), ɞɟɬɢ (4), ɩɨɡɞɪɚɜɥɟɧɢɹ (4), ɬɨɫɬ (4), ɪɨɞɧɹ (4), ɦɭ-ɡɵɤɚ (4). ȼ ɜɨɫɩɪɢɹɬɢɢ ɦɭɠɱɢɧ ɢ ɠɟɧɳɢɧ ɚɫɫɨɰɢɚɬɵ, ɫɜɹɡɚɧɧɵɟ ɫɨ ɫɜɚɞɶɛɨɣ, ɜɨ ɦɧɨɝɨɦ ɫɨɜɩɚɞɚɸɬ: ɧɟɜɟɫɬɚ, ɠɟɧɢɯ, ɤɨɥɶɰɚ, ɁȺȽɋ, ɫɜɢɞɟɬɟɥɢ, ɫɱɚɫɬɶɟ, ɥɸɛɨɜɶ, ɫɟɦɶɹ, ɞɟɬɢ, ɲɚɦɩɚɧɫɤɨɟ, ɡɚɫɬɨɥɶɟ ɢ ɬ.ɞ. Ɍɨɥɶɤɨ ɦɭɠɫɤɢɟ ɢɥɢ ɬɨɥɶɤɨ ɠɟɧɫɤɢɟ ɪɟɚɤɰɢɢ ɜɫɬɪɟɱɚɸɬɫɹ ɪɟɞɤɨ. Ɍɚɤ, ɞɥɹ ɤɨɦɦɭɧɢɤɚɬɢɜɧɨɝɨ ɫɨɡɧɚɧɢɹ ɠɟɧɳɢɧ ɯɚ-ɪɚɤɬɟɪɧɚ ɦɚɬɟɪɢɚɥɶɧɚɹ ɨɰɟɧɤɚ ɫɜɚɞɟɛɧɨɝɨ ɬɨɪɠɟɫɬɜɚ [ɞɟɧɶɝɢ (7), ɩɪɢɞɚɧɨɟ (3), ɩɪɢɹɬɧɵɟ ɯɥɨɩɨɬɵ, ɯɥɨɩɨɬɵ, ɩɨɞɝɨɬɨɜɤɚ, ɞɨɥɝɢɣ ɩɪɨɰɟɫɫ, ɡɚɛɨɬɚ] ɢ ɷɦɨɰɢɨ-ɧɚɥɶɧɚɹ [ɜɨɥɧɟɧɢɟ (6), ɭɥɵɛɤɢ (3)]. Ɍɨɥɶɤɨ ɞɥɹ ɦɭɠɱɢɧɵ ɯɚɪɚɤɬɟɪɧɵ ɫɥɟɞɭɸ-ɳɢɟ ɪɟɚɤɰɢɢ: ɞɪɚɤɚ (12), ɤɚɮɟ (5). ɇɟɨɛɯɨɞɢɦɨ ɨɬɦɟɬɢɬɶ, ɱɬɨ ɠɟɧɫɤɢɟ ɪɟɚɤɰɢɢ ɛɨɥɟɟ ɪɚɡɧɨɨɛɪɚɡɧɵ, ɧɟɠɟɥɢ ɦɭɠɫɤɢɟ. Ɍɚɤ, ɚɫɫɨɰɢɚɬɢɜɧɵɟ ɪɟɚɤɰɢɢ ɠɟɧɳɢɧ ɩɪɟɞɫɬɚɜɥɹɸɬ ɫɨɛɨɣ ɫɥɨɜɚ ɪɚɡɧɵɯ ɱɚɫɬɟɣ ɪɟɱɢ (ɫɭɳɟɫɬɜɢɬɟɥɶɧɵɟ: ɩɪɚɡɞɧɢɤ [ɧɚɢɛɨɥɟɟ ɱɚɫɬɨɬɧɵɟ]); ɩɪɢ-ɥɚɝɚɬɟɥɶɧɵɟ: ɪɚɞɨɫɬɧɨɟ, ɡɟɥɟɧɚɹ; ɝɥɚɝɨɥ: ɰɟɥɭɸɬɫɹ), ɫɥɨɜɨɫɨɱɟɬɚɧɢɹ (ɧɚ-________________ 6 Ƚ.Ⱥ. Ɇ ɚ ɪ ɬ ɢ ɧ ɨ ɜ ɢ ɱ, Ɉɩɵɬ ɤɨɦɩɥɟɤɫɧɨɝɨ ɢɫɫɥɟɞɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɞɚɧɧɵɯ ɚɫɫɨɰɢɚɬɢɜ-ɧɨɝɨ ɷɤɫɩɟɪɢɦɟɧɬɚ, „ȼɨɩɪɨɫɵ ɩɫɢɯɨɥɨɝɢɢ” 1991, ʋ 2, ɫ. 93.
ɩɪɢɦɟɪ, ɫɱɚɫɬɥɢɜɨɟ ɫɨɛɵɬɢɟ, ɡɟɥɟɧɵɣ ɥɭɝ), ɩɪɟɞɥɨɠɟɧɢɹ (ɧɚɩɪɢɦɟɪ, ȼɫɟ ɛɭ-ɞɟɬ ɨɬɥɢɱɧɨ!). ɗɬɨ ɦɨɠɧɨ ɨɛɴɹɫɧɢɬɶ ɛɨɥɶɲɟɣ ɩɨɞɜɢɠɧɨɫɬɶɸ ɠɟɧɫɤɨɝɨ ɫɨɡ-ɧɚɧɢɹ. ȼ ɨɬɥɢɱɢɟ ɨɬ ɠɟɧɳɢɧ, ɫɪɟɞɢ ɦɭɠɫɤɢɯ ɚɫɫɨɰɢɚɬɢɜɧɵɯ ɪɟɚɤɰɢɣ ɩɪɟɨɛɥɚ-ɞɚɟɬ ɚɛɫɬɪɚɤɬɧɚɹ ɥɟɤɫɢɤɚ (ɧɚɩɪɢɦɟɪ, ɧɚɞɟɠɞɚ, ɨɠɢɞɚɧɢɟ, ɨɬɜɟɬɫɬɜɟɧɧɨɫɬɶ ɢ ɞɪ.). Ɇɟɬɨɞ ɚɫɫɨɰɢɚɬɢɜɧɨɝɨ ɷɤɫɩɟɪɢɦɟɧɬɚ ɩɪɢɦɟɧɹɟɬɫɹ ɜ ɤɨɝɧɢɬɢɜɧɨɣ ɥɢɧɝ-ɜɢɫɬɢɤɟ ɞɥɹ ɢɫɫɥɟɞɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɫɬɪɭɤɬɭɪɵ ɤɨɧɰɟɩɬɨɜ, ɚ ɬɚɤɠɟ ɫɥɭɠɢɬ, ɩɨ ɦɧɟɧɢɸ ɂ.Ⱥ. ɋɬɟɪɧɢɧɚ, ɩɪɚɤɬɢɱɟɫɤɢɦ ɩɨɞɬɜɟɪɠɞɟɧɢɟɦ ɦɧɨɝɨɭɪɨɜɧɟɜɨɣ ɫɬɪɭɤɬɭɪɵ ɤɨɧɰɟɩɬɨɜ, ɤ ɱɢɫɥɭ ɤɨɬɨɪɵɯ ɨɬɧɨɫɢɬɫɹ ɜɵɛɪɚɧɧɵɣ ɧɚɦɢ ɜ ɤɚɱɟɫɬɜɟ ɨɛɴɟɤɬɚ ɢɫɫɥɟɞɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɤɨɧɰɟɩɬ ɫɜɚɞɶɛɚ. ȼɟɪɛɚɥɶɧɵɟ ɪɟɚɤɰɢɢ, ɩɨɥɭɱɟɧɧɵɟ ɜ ɯɨɞɟ ɷɤɫɩɟɪɢɦɟɧɬɚ, ɛɵɥɢ ɪɚɫɩɪɟɞɟ-ɥɟɧɵ ɩɨ ɫɟɦɚɧɬɢɱɟɫɤɢɦ ɝɪɭɩɩɚɦ. 1. Ⱥɫɫɨɰɢɚɬɵ, ɫɜɹɡɚɧɧɵɟ ɫ ɭɱɚɫɬɧɢɤɚɦɢ ɫɜɚɞɶɛɵ: ɧɟɜɟɫɬɚ (59), ɠɟɧɢɯ (46), ɝɨɫɬɢ (22), ɬɚɦɚɞɚ (17), ɫɜɢɞɟɬɟɥɢ (16), ɞɪɭɡɶɹ (5), ɩɨɞɪɭɝɚ (3), ɧɨɜɨɛɪɚɱɧɵɟ, ɦɨɥɨɞɨɠɟɧɵ, ɦɨɥɨɞɟɠɶ, ɛɚɛɭɲɤɢ, ɧɨɜɵɟ ɥɸɞɢ, ɬɨɥɩɚ ɥɸɞɟɣ, ɰɵɝɚɧɟ (175 ɚɫɫɨɰɢɚɬ). 2. Ⱥɫɫɨɰɢɚɬɵ, ɫɜɹɡɚɧɧɵɟ ɫ ɩɢɪɲɟɫɬɜɨɦ, ɡɚɫɬɨɥɶɟɦ: ɲɚɦɩɚɧɫɤɨɟ (20), ɡɚɫɬɨɥɶɟ (13), ɬɨɪɬ (12), ɬɚɧɰɵ (11), ɬɨɫɬ (8), „Ƚɨɪɶɤɨ!” (8), ɤɚɮɟ (6), ɩɟɫɧɢ (5), ɦɭɡɵɤɚ (4), ɜɚɥɶɫ (4), ɝɭɥɹɧɶɟ (4), ɜɢɧɨ (4), ɜɨɞɤɚ (3), ɫɬɨɥ (3), ɪɟɫɬɨɪɚɧ (3), ɬɚɧɟɰ (2), ɩɨɯɦɟɥɶɟ (2), ɩɨɫɭɞɚ, ɛɨɤɚɥɵ, ɛɢɬɶɟ ɩɨɫɭɞɵ, ɦɧɨɝɨ ɜɨɞɤɢ, ɚɥɤɨɝɨɥɶ, ɡɚɤɭɫɤɚ, ɛɨɥɶɲɨɣ ɬɨɪɬ, ɞɜɭɯɴɹɪɭɫɧɵɣ ɬɨɪɬ, ɜɤɭɫɧɚɹ ɟɞɚ, ɟɞɚ, ɲɚɲɥɵɤ, ɡɚɤɭɫɤɚ, ɬɨɫɬɵ, Ɇɟɧɞɟɥɶɫɨɧ, ɫɜɚɞɟɛɧɵɣ ɜɚɥɶɫ, ɩɢɪɲɟɫɬɜɨ, ɩɢɪ, ɛɚɥ (128 ɚɫɫɨɰɢɚɬ). 3. Ⱥɫɫɨɰɢɚɬɵ, ɫɜɹɡɚɧɧɵɟ ɫ ɷɥɟɦɟɧɬɚɦɢ ɫɜɚɞɟɛɧɨɝɨ ɧɚɪɹɞɚ ɠɟɧɢɯɚ ɢ ɧɟ-ɜɟɫɬɵ: ɤɨɥɶɰɚ (36), ɮɚɬɚ (29), ɩɥɚɬɶɟ (27), ɛɟɥɨɟ ɩɥɚɬɶɟ (12), ɫɜɚɞɟɛɧɨɟ ɩɥɚɬɶɟ (4), ɤɨɫɬɸɦ, ɧɚɪɹɞ, ɧɚɪɹɞɵ, ɨɛɪɭɱɚɥɶɧɵɟ ɤɨɥɶɰɚ, ɤɨɥɟɱɤɨ, ɤɨɫɬɸɦ ɠɟɧɢɯɚ, ɫɦɨɤɢɧɝ, ɥɟɧɬɚ ɫɜɢɞɟɬɟɥɹ, ɥɟɧɬɨɱɤɚ, ɩɪɢɱɟɫɤɚ, ɱɭɥɤɢ, ɬɭɮɥɹ, ɨɞɟɠɞɚ (126 ɚɫ-ɫɨɰɢɚɬ). 4. Ⱥɫɫɨɰɢɚɬɵ, ɫɜɹɡɚɧɧɵɟ ɫ ɭɤɪɚɲɟɧɢɟɦ ɫɜɚɞɶɛɵ: ɰɜɟɬɵ (31), ɛɭɤɟɬ (14), ɦɚɲɢɧɵ (10), ɤɨɪɬɟɠ (10), ɥɢɦɭɡɢɧ (9), ɲɚɪɢɤɢ (5), ɝɨɥɭɛɢ (5), ɦɚɲɢɧɚ (3), ɦɚɲɢɧɚ ɫ ɤɨɥɶɰɚɦɢ (2), ɥɟɧɬɵ (2), ɫɚɥɸɬ (2), ɫɜɚɞɟɛ-ɧɵɟ ɦɚɲɢɧɵ, ɭɤɪɚɲɟɧɢɟ ɦɚɲɢɧɵ, ɛɭɤɟɬ ɪɨɡ, ɛɭɤɟɬ ɧɟɜɟɫɬɵ, ɫɜɚɞɟɛɧɵɣ ɛɭɤɟɬ, ɤɭɤɥɚ, ɛɟɥɵɟ ɥɟɛɟɞɢ, ɦɟɥɤɢɟ ɠɟɥɟɡɧɵɟ ɞɟɧɶɝɢ (101 ɚɫɫɨɰɢɚɬ). 5. Ⱥɫɫɨɰɢɚɬɵ, ɫɜɹɡɚɧɧɵɟ ɫ ɚɛɫɬɪɚɤɬɧɵɦɢ ɩɨɧɹɬɢɹɦɢ: ɥɸɛɨɜɶ (33), ɤɪɚɫɨɬɚ (8), ɠɢɡɧɶ (5), ɦɨɥɨɞɨɫɬɶ (3), ɨɬɜɟɬɫɬɜɟɧɧɨɫɬɶ (3), ɬɟɪ-ɩɟɧɢɟ (2), ɡɞɨɪɨɜɶɟ (2), ɧɚɞɟɠɞɵ, ɧɚɞɟɠɞɚ, ɦɟɱɬɵ, ɦɟɱɬɚɧɶɹ, ɧɟɠɧɨɫɬɶ, ɥɚɫɤɚ, ɫɚɦɨɫɬɨɹɬɟɥɶɧɨɫɬɶ, ɜɟɪɧɨɫɬɶ, ɭɜɚɠɟɧɢɟ, ɞɨɜɟɪɢɟ, ɩɨɞɞɟɪɠɤɚ, ɧɟɨɩɪɟɞɟɥɟɧ-ɧɨɫɬɶ, ɧɟɩɨɧɢɦɚɧɢɟ, ɨɡɚɛɨɱɟɧɧɟɨɩɪɟɞɟɥɟɧ-ɧɨɫɬɶ, ɝɥɭɩɨɫɬɶ, ɫɜɨɛɨɞɚ, ɠɚɠɞɚ, ɭɬɨɥɟɧɢɟ, ɝɨ-ɥɨɞ, ɧɚɫɵɳɟɧɢɟ, ɪɚɫɫɥɚɛɥɟɧɢɟ, ɧɚɩɪɹɠɟɧɢɟ, ɪɚɡɧɢɰɚ (84 ɚɫɫɨɰɢɚɬɚ). 6. Ⱥɫɫɨɰɢɚɬɵ, ɫɜɹɡɚɧɧɵɟ ɫ ɛɪɚɱɧɵɦ ɨɛɪɹɞɨɦ: ɩɨɞɚɪɤɢ (14), ɜɵɤɭɩ (13), ɞɪɚɤɚ (12), ɩɨɡɞɪɚɜɥɟɧɢɹ (8), ɢɤɨɧɚ (3), ɯɥɟɛ--ɫɨɥɶ (3), ɤɚɪɚɜɚɣ (3), ɤɨɧɤɭɪɫɵ (3), ɛɥɚɝɨɫɥɨɜɟɧɢɟ (2), ɪɹɠɟɧɵɟ (2), ɞɪɭɠɤɚ (2),
ɤɨɤɨɲɧɢɤ, ɬɪɚɞɢɰɢɢ, ɪɭɲɧɢɤɢ, ɞɚɪɵ, ɫɜɚɬɨɜɫɬɜɨ, ɫɝɨɜɨɪ, ɜɫɬɪɟɱɚ, ɩɨɟɡɞ, ɯɨ-ɪɨɜɨɞ, ɫɚɧɢ, ɢɧɢɰɢɚɰɢɹ, ɛɚɧɹ, ɫɚɪɚɮɚɧ, ɩɪɢɱɢɬɚɧɢɹ, ɤɚɥɵɦ (80 ɚɫɫɨɰɢɚɬ). 7. Ⱥɫɫɨɰɢɚɬɵ, ɫɜɹɡɚɧɧɵɟ ɫ ɩɨɥɨɠɢɬɟɥɶɧɵɦɢ ɱɭɜɫɬɜɚɦɢ, ɷɦɨɰɢɹɦɢ, ɨɰɟɧ-ɤɨɣ: ɫɱɚɫɬɶɟ (23), ɜɟɫɟɥɶɟ (14), ɜɨɥɧɟɧɢɟ (5), ɭɥɵɛɤɢ (3), ɜɟɫɟɥɭɯɚ (3), ɫɦɟɯ (2), ɫɱɚɫɬɥɢɜɨɟ ɫɨɛɵɬɢɟ, ɩɪɢɹɬɧɵɟ ɯɥɨɩɨɬɵ, ɧɚɫɬɪɨɟɧɢɟ, ɜɟɫɟɥɨɟ ɧɚɫɬɪɨɟɧɢɟ, ɯɨ-ɪɨɲɟɟ ɧɚɫɬɪɨɟɧɢɟ, ɧɨɫɬɚɥɶɝɢɹ, ɪɨɦɚɧɬɢɤɚ, ɤɪɚɫɢɜɨɟ, ɪɚɞɨɫɬɧɨɟ, ɩɪɟɤɪɚɫɧɨɟ, ɜɨɡɜɵɲɟɧɧɨɟ, ɬɟɩɥɨ, ɛɨɝɚɬɚɹ, ɤɪɚɫɢɜɚɹ, ɥɸɛɢɦɵɣ, ɫɭɠɟɧɚɹ, ɤɪɚɫɚɜɢɰɚ, ɜɚɠ-ɧɨɟ, „ɀɢɬɶ ɯɨɪɨɲɨ!”, „ȼɫɟ ɛɭɞɟɬ ɨɬɥɢɱɧɨ!” (70 ɚɫɫɨɰɢɚɬ). 8. Ⱥɫɫɨɰɢɚɬɵ, ɫɜɹɡɚɧɧɵɟ ɫɨ ɫɜɚɞɟɛɧɨɣ ɰɟɪɟɦɨɧɢɟɣ: ɁȺȽɋ (25), ɩɪɚɡɞɧɢɤ (13), ɬɨɪɠɟɫɬɜɨ (10), ɜɟɧɱɚɧɢɟ (5), ɰɟɪɤɨɜɶ (4), ɬɚɢɧ-ɫɬɜɨ ɛɪɚɤɚ, ɠɟɧɢɬɶɛɚ, ɡɚɦɭɠɟɬɚɢɧ-ɫɬɜɨ, ɚɥɬɚɪɶ, ɤɨɥɨɤɨɥɶɧɵɣ ɡɜɨɧ, ɫɜɚɞɟɛɧɚɹ ɰɟɪɟ-ɦɨɧɢɹ, ɪɟɝɢɫɬɪɚɰɢɹ, ɫɜɢɞɟɬɟɥɶɫɬɜɨ ɨ ɛɪɚɤɟ, ɩɨɞɩɢɫɶ, ɝɢɦɧ (67 ɚɫɫɨɰɢɚɬ). 9. Ⱥɫɫɨɰɢɚɬɵ, ɫɜɹɡɚɧɧɵɟ ɫ ɨɠɢɞɚɧɢɟɦ ɧɨɜɨɣ ɠɢɡɧɢ: ɫɟɦɶɹ (16), ɞɟɬɢ (12), ɪɟɛɟɧɨɤ (3), ɦɟɞɨɜɵɣ ɦɟɫɹɰ (3), ɩɭɬɟɲɟɫɬɜɢɟ (3), ɩɨ-ɟɡɞɤɚ, ɨɠɢɞɚɧɢɟ, ɪɨɠɞɟɧɢɟ ɱɟɝɨ-ɬɨ ɧɨɜɨɝɨ, ɡɚɪɨɠɞɟɧɢɟ ɧɨɜɨɣ ɫɟɦɶɢ, ɲɚɝ ɜ ɧɨ-ɜɭɸ, ɧɟɢɡɜɟɞɚɧɧɭɸ ɠɢɡɧɶ, ɜɨɫɫɨɟɞɢɧɟɧɢɟ ɞɜɭɯ ɜɥɸɛɥɟɧɧɵɯ ɫɟɪɞɟɰ, ɷɬɚɩ ɜ ɠɢɡɧɢ ɱɟɥɨɜɟɤɚ, ɛɭɞɭɳɟɟ, ɛɥɚɝɨɩɨɥɭɱɢɟ, ɞɨɦ, ɩɪɨɞɨɥɠɟɧɢɟ ɪɨɞɚ, ɧɨɜɵɟ ɡɧɚɤɨɦɫɬɜɚ (49 ɚɫɫɨɰɢɚɬ). 10. Ⱥɫɫɨɰɢɚɬɵ, ɫɜɹɡɚɧɧɵɟ ɫ ɨɬɪɢɰɚɬɟɥɶɧɵɦɢ ɱɭɜɫɬɜɚɦɢ, ɷɦɨɰɢɹɦɢ, ɨɰɟɧ-ɤɨɣ: ɩɶɹɧɤɚ (13), ɝɭɥɹɧɤɚ (4), ɪɚɡɜɨɞ (2), ɫɥɟɡɵ (2), ɩɟɱɚɥɶ, ɧɟɩɨɧɢɦɚɧɢɟ, „Ⱥ ɱɬɨ ɞɚɥɶɲɟ? ”, ɩɚɧɢɤɚ, ɧɟɫɱɚɫɬɶɟ, ɩɨɩɨɣɤɚ, ɜɵɩɢɜɤɚ, ɞɭɪɞɨɦ, ɛɚɪɞɚɤ, ɝɥɭɩɨɫɬɶ, ɛɚɥɨɜɫɬɜɨ, ɯɚɥɹɜɚ, ɨɲɢɛɤɚ, ɤɭɱɚ ɩɶɹɧɵɯ, ɫɛɨɪɢɳɟ, ɨɛɠɢɪɚɥɨɜɤɚ, ɨɛɠɨɪɫɬɜɨ, ɬɨɲɧɨɬɚ, ɥɢɰɨɦ ɜ ɫɚɥɚɬ, „Ⱥ ɱɬɨ ɞɚɥɶɲɟ? ”, „ɇɭ ɜɨɬ ɢ ɜɫɟ – ɤɨɧɟɰ ɧɨɪɦɚɥɶɧɨɣ ɠɢɡɧɢ!” (42 ɚɫɫɨɰɢɚɬɵ). 11. Ⱥɫɫɨɰɢɚɬɵ, ɫɜɹɡɚɧɧɵɟ ɫ ɪɨɞɫɬɜɟɧɧɵɦɢ ɨɬɧɨɲɟɧɢɹɦɢ: ɬɟɳɚ (12), ɪɨɞɢɬɟɥɢ (9), ɪɨɞɫɬɜɟɧɧɢɤɢ (9), ɪɨɞɧɹ (4), ɫɜɟɤɪɨɜɶ (3), ɫɜɚɬ (2), ɬɟɫɬɶ, ɫɜɚɯɚ, ɤɭɦɚɱɢ (42 ɚɫɫɨɰɢɚɬɵ). 12. Ⱥɫɫɨɰɢɚɬɵ, ɫɜɹɡɚɧɧɵɟ ɫ ɩɨɞɝɨɬɨɜɤɨɣ ɤ ɫɜɚɞɶɛɟ: ɞɟɧɶɝɢ (7), ɪɚɫɯɨɞɵ (2), ɫɭɟɬɚ, ɬɪɚɬɵ, ɡɚɬɪɚɬɵ, ɯɥɨɩɨɬɵ, ɞɟɧɟɠɧɵɟ ɞɨɥɝɢ, ɩɨɞɝɨɬɨɜɤɚ, ɞɨɥɝɢɣ ɩɪɨɰɟɫɫ, ɪɚɫɱɟɬ, ɡɚɛɨɬɚ (19 ɚɫɫɨɰɢɚɬ). 13. Ⱥɫɫɨɰɢɚɬɵ, ɫɜɹɡɚɧɧɵɟ ɫ ɫɭɩɪɭɠɟɫɤɢɦɢ ɨɬɧɨɲɟɧɢɹɦɢ: ɩɟɪɜɚɹ ɛɪɚɱɧɚɹ ɧɨɱɶ (6), ɩɨɰɟɥɭɣ (3), ɫɟɤɫ (2), ɩɟɪɜɵɣ ɩɨɰɟɥɭɣ ɦɭɠɚ ɢ ɠɟ-ɧɵ, ɰɟɥɭɸɬɫɹ, ɢɧɬɢɦ, ɩɨɫɬɟɥɶ (16 ɚɫɫɨɰɢɚɬ). 14. Ⱥɫɫɨɰɢɚɬɵ, ɫɜɹɡɚɧɧɵɟ ɫ ɩɪɢɪɨɞɨɣ ɢ ɩɪɢɪɨɞɧɵɦɢ ɹɜɥɟɧɢɹɦɢ: ɧɨɱɶ (Ɂ), ɜɟɫɧɚ (2), ɫɨɥɧɰɟ, ɩɨɝɨɞɚ, ɫɜɟɬ, ɞɨɠɞɶ, ɡɟɥɟɧɵɣ ɥɭɝ, ɧɟɛɨ, ɭɬɪɨ, ɲɭɦ (13 ɚɫɫɨɰɢɚɬ). 15. Ⱥɫɫɨɰɢɚɬɵ, ɫɜɹɡɚɧɧɵɟ ɫ ɢɫɬɨɪɢɱɟɫɤɢɦɢ ɦɟɫɬɚɦɢ, ɤɨɬɨɪɵɟ ɩɨ ɬɪɚɞɢ-ɰɢɢ ɩɨɫɟɳɚɸɬ ɦɨɥɨɞɨɠɟɧɵ: ɜɟɱɧɵɣ ɨɝɨɧɶ (3), ɩɥ. Ɇɢɧɢɧɚ, ɨɬɤɨɫ, ɮɨɧɬɚɧ, ɩɚɦɹɬɧɢɤ, ɜɨɡɥɨɠɟɧɢɟ ɰɜɟ-ɬɨɜ, ɩɪɨɝɭɥɤɚ, ɦɨɫɬɵ, ɦɨɫɬ, ɩɨɟɡɞɤɚ ɧɚ ɪɨɞɧɢɤ (12 ɚɫɫɨɰɢɚɬ).
16. ɂɧɞɢɜɢɞɭɚɥɶɧɵɟ ɚɫɫɨɰɢɚɬɵ: ɤɨɮɟ, ɛɚɬɭɬ, ɚɜɬɨɛɭɫ, ɚɧɟɤɞɨɬ, ɚɬɬɪɚɤɰɢɨɧɵ, ɤɨɥɨɤɨɥɶɱɢɤ, „Ɍɚɦɚɞɚ, ɬɵ ɦɟ-ɧɹ ɭɜɚɠɚɟɲɶ? ” (8 ɚɫɫɨɰɢɚɬ). 17. Ⱥɫɫɨɰɢɚɬɵ, ɫɜɹɡɚɧɧɵɟ ɫ ɰɜɟɬɨɦ: ɛɟɥɵɣ ɰɜɟɬ (3), ɛɟɥɵɣ, ɛɟɥɨɟ, ɡɟɥɟɧɚɹ (6 ɚɫɫɨɰɢɚɬ). ȼ ɪɟɡɭɥɶɬɚɬɟ ɚɧɚɥɢɡɚ ɩɨɥɭɱɟɧɧɵɯ ɞɚɧɧɵɯ ɦɨɠɧɨ ɫɞɟɥɚɬɶ ɧɟɤɨɬɨɪɵɟ ɨɛ-ɨɛɳɟɧɢɹ. Ɍɚɤ, ɜɢɞɧɨ, ɱɬɨ ɫɚɦɨɣ ɦɧɨɝɨɱɢɫɥɟɧɧɨɣ ɫɟɦɚɧɬɢɱɟɫɤɨɣ ɝɪɭɩɩɨɣ (175 ɚɫɫɨɰɢɚɬ) ɹɜɥɹɸɬɫɹ ɚɫɫɨɰɢɚɬɵ, ɫɜɹɡɚɧɧɵɟ ɫ ɭɱɚɫɬɧɢɤɚɦɢ ɫɜɚɞɶɛɵ,. ɇɚɢɛɨɥɟɟ ɱɚɫɬɨɬɧɵɦɢ ɚɫɫɨɰɢɚɬɚɦɢ ɹɜɥɹɸɬɫɹ „ɧɟɜɟɫɬɚ” (59 ɚɫɫɨɰɢɚɬ), „ɠɟɧɢɯ” (46 ɚɫɫɨ-ɰɢɚɬ). ɉɪɢɱɟɦ ɪɟɚɤɰɢɢ ɠɟɧɢɯ/ɧɟɜɟɫɬɚ ɜɫɬɪɟɱɚɸɬɫɹ ɭ 42 ɪɟɫɩɨɧɞɟɧɬɨɜ. ɋɥɟɞɨ-ɜɚɬɟɥɶɧɨ, ɦɨɠɧɨ ɫɞɟɥɚɬɶ ɜɵɜɨɞ ɨ ɬɨɦ, ɱɬɨ ɜ ɪɭɫɫɤɨɦ ɨɛɵɞɟɧɧɨɦ ɫɨɡɧɚɧɢɢ, ɤɨɧɰɟɩɬ ɫɜɚɞɶɛɚ ɚɫɫɨɰɢɢɪɭɟɬɫɹ ɜ ɩɟɪɜɭɸ ɨɱɟɪɟɞɶ ɫ ɧɟɩɨɫɪɟɞɫɬɜɟɧɧɵɦɢ ɭɱɚɫɬɧɢɤɚɦɢ ɫɜɚɞɟɛɧɨɝɨ ɬɨɪɠɟɫɬɜɚ. ȼɬɨɪɨɣ ɩɨ ɱɚɫɬɨɬɧɨɫɬɢ ɭɩɨɦɢɧɚɧɢɣ ɹɜɥɹ-ɟɬɫɹ ɫɟɦɚɧɬɢɱɟɫɤɚɹ ɝɪɭɩɩɚ ɚɫɫɨɰɢɚɬɨɜ, ɫɜɹɡɚɧɧɚɹ ɫ ɩɢɪɲɟɫɬɜɨɦ, ɡɚɫɬɨɥɶɟɦ (128 ɚɫɫɨɰɢɚɬ). ɍ ɧɨɫɢɬɟɥɟɣ ɪɭɫɫɤɨɝɨ ɹɡɵɤɚ ɤɨɧɰɟɩɬ ɫɜɚɞɶɛɚ ɚɫɫɨɰɢɢɪɭɟɬɫɹ ɫ ɲɢɪɨɤɢɦ ɡɚɫɬɨɥɶɟɦ, ɬɪɚɞɢɰɢɨɧɧɵɦ ɫɜɚɞɟɛɧɵɦ ɩɢɪɨɦ. Ɍɪɟɬɶɟɣ ɩɨ ɱɢɫɥɭ ɚɫɫɨɰɢɚɬɨɜ ɫɬɚɥɚ ɫɟɦɚɧɬɢɱɟɫɤɚɹ ɝɪɭɩɩɚ, ɫɜɹɡɚɧɧɚɹ ɫ ɷɥɟɦɟɧɬɚɦɢ ɫɜɚɞɟɛɧɨɝɨ ɧɚɪɹɞɚ ɠɟɧɢɯɚ ɢ ɧɟɜɟɫɬɵ (126 ɚɫɫɨɰɢɚɬ). Ⱥɫɫɨɰɢɚɬɵ „ɤɨɥɶɰɚ” (36), „ɮɚɬɚ” (29), „ɩɥɚɬɶɟ” (27) ɜɫɬɪɟɱɚɸɬɫɹ ɧɚɢɛɨɥɟɟ ɱɚɫɬɨ. ɋɚɦɚɹ ɧɟɦɧɨɝɨɱɢɫɥɟɧɧɚɹ ɝɪɭɩɩɚ ɚɫɫɨɰɢɚɬɨɜ ɫɜɹɡɚɧɚ ɫ ɰɜɟɬɨɦ (6 ɚɫɫɨɰɢɚɬɨɜ). ȿɟ ɧɚɥɢɱɢɟ ɦɨɠɟɬ ɛɵɬɶ ɨɛɴɹɫɧɟ-ɧɨ ɬɟɦ, ɱɬɨ ɜ ɩɪɟɞɫɬɚɜɥɟɧɢɢ ɥɸɞɟɣ ɢɦɟɧɨɛɴɹɫɧɟ-ɧɨ ɛɟɥɵɣ ɰɜɟɬ ɹɜɥɹɟɬɫɹ ɫɢɦɜɨɥɨɦ ɱɢɫɬɨɬɵ. Ⱥɧɚɥɢɡ ɞɚɧɧɵɯ ɷɤɫɩɟɪɢɦɟɧɬɚ ɩɨɡɜɨɥɢɥ ɜɵɹɜɢɬɶ ɫɬɪɭɤɬɭɪɭ ɤɨɧɰɟɩɬɚ ɫɜɚɞɶɛɚ. Ɍɚɤ, ɤ ɹɞɪɭ ɨɬɧɨɫɹɬɫɹ ɚɫɫɨɰɢɚɬɵ, ɫɜɹɡɚɧɧɵɟ ɫ ɭɱɚɫɬɧɢɤɚɦɢ ɫɜɚɞɶɛɵ (175 ɚɫɫɨɰɢɚɬ). Ʉ ɛɚɡɨɜɨɦɭ ɫɥɨɸ ɨɬɧɨɫɹɬɫɹ ɚɫɫɨɰɢɚɬɵ, ɫɜɹɡɚɧɧɵɟ ɫ ɩɢɪɲɟɫɬɜɨɦ, ɡɚɫɬɨ-ɥɶɟɦ (128 ɚɫɫɨɰɢɚɬ), ɚɫɫɨɰɢɚɬɵ, ɫɜɹɡɚɧɧɵɟ ɫ ɷɥɟɦɟɧɬɚɦɢ ɫɜɚɞɟɛɧɨɝɨ ɧɚɪɹɞɚ ɠɟɧɢɯɚ ɢ ɧɟɜɟɫɬɵ (126 ɚɫɫɨɰɢɚɬ), ɚ ɬɚɤɠɟ ɚɫɫɨɰɢɚɬɵ, ɫɜɹɡɚɧɧɵɟ ɫ ɭɤɪɚɲɟɧɢɟɦ ɫɜɚɞɶɛɵ (101 ɚɫɫɨɰɢɚɬ). Ʉ ɛɥɢɠɧɟɣ ɩɟɪɢɮɟɪɢɢ ɨɬɧɨɫɹɬɫɹ ɚɫɫɨɰɢɚɬɵ, ɫɜɹɡɚɧɧɵɟ ɫ ɚɛɫɬɪɚɤɬɧɵɦɢ ɩɨɧɹɬɢɹɦɢ (84 ɚɫɫɨɰɢɚɬ). Ⱥ ɬɚɤɠɟ ɚɫɫɨɰɢɚɬɵ, ɫɜɹɡɚɧɧɵɟ ɫ ɛɪɚɱɧɵɦ ɨɛɪɹɞɨɦ (80 ɚɫɫɨɰɢɚɬ) ɢ ɫɜɚɞɟɛɧɨɣ ɰɟɪɟɦɨɧɢɟɣ (67 ɚɫɫɨɰɢɚɬ). Ʉ ɞɚɥɶɧɟɣ ɩɟɪɢɮɟɪɢɢ ɨɬɧɨɫɹɬɫɹ ɚɫɫɨɰɢɚɬɵ, ɫɜɹɡɚɧɧɵɟ ɫ ɩɨɥɨɠɢɬɟɥɶɧɵɦɢ ɱɭɜɫɬɜɚɦɢ, ɷɦɨɰɢɹɦɢ, ɨɰɟɧɤɨɣ (60 ɚɫɫɨɰɢɚɬ), ɚɫɫɨɰɢɚɬɵ, ɫɜɹɡɚɧɧɵɟ ɫ ɨɠɢɞɚ-ɧɢɟɦ ɧɨɜɨɣ ɠɢɡɧɢ (49 ɚɫɫɨɰɢɚɬ), ɚɫɫɨɰɢɚɬɵ, ɫɜɹɡɚɧɧɵɟ ɫ ɨɬɪɢɰɚɬɟɥɶɧɵɦɢ ɱɭɜɫɬɜɚɦɢ, ɷɦɨɰɢɹɦɢ, ɨɰɟɧɤɨɣ (42 ɚɫɫɨɰɢɚɬɚ), ɚɫɫɨɰɢɚɬɵ, ɫɜɹɡɚɧɧɵɟ ɫ ɪɨɞ-ɫɬɜɟɧɧɵɦɢ ɨɬɧɨɲɟɧɢɹɦɢ (42 ɚɫɫɨɰɢɚɬɚ), ɚɫɫɨɰɢɚɬɵ, ɫɜɹɡɚɧɧɵɟ ɫ ɩɨɞɝɨɬɨɜɤɨɣ ɤ ɫɜɚɞɶɛɟ (19 ɚɫɫɨɰɢɚɬ), ɚɫɫɨɰɢɚɬɵ, ɫɜɹɡɚɧɧɵɟ ɫ ɫɭɩɪɭɠɟɫɤɢɦɢ ɨɬɧɨɲɟɧɢɹɦɢ (16 ɚɫɫɨɰɢɚɬ), ɚɫɫɨɰɢɚɬɵ, ɫɜɹɡɚɧɧɵɟ ɫ ɩɪɢɪɨɞɨɣ ɢ ɩɪɢɪɨɞɧɵɦɢ ɹɜɥɟɧɢɹɦɢ (13 ɚɫɫɨɰɢɚɬ), ɚɫɫɨɰɢɚɬɵ, ɫɜɹɡɚɧɧɵɟ ɫ ɢɫɬɨɪɢɱɟɫɤɢɦɢ ɦɟɫɬɚɦɢ, ɤɨɬɨɪɵɟ ɩɨ ɬɪɚɞɢɰɢɢ ɩɨɫɟɳɚɸɬ ɦɨɥɨɞɨɠɟɧɵ (12 ɚɫɫɨɰɢɚɬ), ɢɧɞɢɜɢɞɭɚɥɶɧɵɟ ɚɫɫɨɰɢɚɬɵ (8 ɚɫɫɨɰɢɚɬ), ɚɫɫɨɰɢɚɬɵ, ɫɜɹɡɚɧɧɵɟ ɫ ɰɜɟɬɨɦ (6 ɚɫɫɨɰɢɚɬ).
Ⱥɫɫɨɰɢɚɬɢɜɧɵɣ ɷɤɫɩɟɪɢɦɟɧɬ ɩɨɞɬɜɟɪɞɢɥ ɦɧɨɝɨɫɥɨɣɧɭɸ ɫɬɪɭɤɬɭɪɭ ɤɨɧ-ɰɟɩɬɚ ɫɜɚɞɶɛɚ. ɋɦɵɫɥɨɜɨɟ ɧɚɩɨɥɧɟɧɢɟ ɤɨɧɤɨɧ-ɰɟɩɬɚ ɫɜɚɞɶɛɚ ɜ ɫɨɜɪɟɦɟɧɧɨɦ ɫɨɡ-ɧɚɧɢɢ ɧɨɫɢɬɟɥɟɣ ɪɭɫɫɤɨɝɨ ɹɡɵɤɚ ɜɨ ɦɧɨɝɨɦ ɫɨɜɩɚɞɚɟɬ ɫ ɫɨɞɟɪɠɚɧɢɟɦ ɤɨɧ-ɰɟɩɬɚ ɜ ɮɨɥɶɤɥɨɪɧɵɯ ɬɟɤɫɬɚɯ. ɗɬɨ ɨɛɴɹɫɧɹɟɬɫɹ ɭɫɬɨɣɱɢɜɨɫɬɶɸ ɫɜɚɞɟɛɧɵɯ ɬɪɚɞɢɰɢɣ, ɚ ɬɚɤɠɟ ɢɧɬɟɪɟɫɨɦ ɤ ɫɜɚɞɟɛɧɨɣ ɨɛɪɹɞɧɨɫɬɢ. ɇɨ ɟɫɬɶ ɢ ɨɬɥɢɱɢɹ. ȼ ɪɟɡɭɥɶɬɚɬɟ ɚɫɫɨɰɢɚɬɢɜɧɨɝɨ ɷɤɫɩɟɪɢɦɟɧɬɚ ɛɵɥɨ ɜɵɹɜɥɟɧɨ, ɱɬɨ ɜ ɫɨɜɪɟɦɟɧ-ɧɨɦ ɫɨɡɧɚɧɢɢ ɫɜɚɞɶɛɚ ɫɜɹɡɵɜɚɟɬɫɹ ɧɟ ɬɨɥɶɤɨ ɫ ɪɚɞɨɫɬɶɸ, ɫɱɚɫɬɶɟɦ, ɥɸɛɨɜɶɸ, ɧɨ ɢ ɫ ɨɬɪɢɰɚɬɟɥɶɧɵɦɢ ɱɭɜɫɬɜɚɦɢ, ɷɦɨɰɢɹɦɢ. Ɍɚɤ, ɜ ɧɚɫɬɨɹɳɟɟ ɜɪɟɦɹ ɫɜɚɞɶɛɚ ɚɫɫɨɰɢɢɪɭɟɬɫɹ ɫ ɪɚɡɜɨɞɨɦ, ɱɬɨ ɞɥɹ ɥɸɞɟɣ XIX ɜɟɤɚ ɛɵɥɨ ɧɟɦɵɫɥɢɦɨ. ɗɬɨ ɧɚ-ɯɨɞɢɬ ɫɜɨɟ ɩɨɞɬɜɟɪɠɞɟɧɢɟ ɢ ɜ ɚɧɚɥɢɡɢɪɭɟɦɵɯ ɬɟɤɫɬɚɯ. ȼ ɪɭɫɫɤɢɯ ɧɚɪɨɞɧɵɯ ɫɤɚɡɤɚɯ ɥɟɤɫɟɦɚ ɪɚɡɜɨɞ ɧɟ ɛɵɥɚ ɨɛɧɚɪɭɠɟɧɚ. ɂɫɫɥɟɞɨɜɚɧɢɟ ɤɨɧɰɟɩɬɚ ɫɜɚɞɶɛɚ ɩɪɨɞɨɥɠɚɟɬɫɹ ɧɚ ɦɚɬɟɪɢɚɥɟ ɞɪɭɝɢɯ ɠɚɧ-ɪɨɜ ɪɭɫɫɤɨɝɨ ɮɨɥɶɤɥɨɪɚ (ɩɨɫɥɨɜɢɰɵ, ɩɨɝɨɜɨɪɤɢ, ɱɚɫɬɭɲɤɢ), ɚɧɚɥɢɡɢɪɭɸɬɫɹ ɬɟɤɫɬɵ ɩɪɨɢɡɜɟɞɟɧɢɣ Ⱥ.ɋ. ɉɭɲɤɢɧɚ, ɨɫɭɳɟɫɬɜɥɹɟɬɫɹ ɫɨɩɨɫɬɚɜɥɟɧɢɟ ɤɨɧɰɟɩɬɚ ɫɜɚɞɶɛɚ ɜ ɪɚɡɧɵɯ ɤɭɥɶɬɭɪɧɵɯ ɬɪɚɞɢɰɢɹɯ. Ɋɟɡɭɥɶɬɚɬɵ ɷɬɢɯ ɢɫɫɥɟɞɨɜɚɧɢɣ ɢɫ-ɩɨɥɶɡɭɸɬɫɹ ɜ ɩɪɚɤɬɢɤɟ ɩɪɟɩɨɞɚɜɚɧɢɹ ɪɭɫɫɤɨɝɨ ɹɡɵɤɚ ɤɚɤ ɢɧɨɫɬɪɚɧɧɨɝɨ.
