T H IS P H O TO G R A P H IC R E P R IN T E D IT IO N
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R E P O R T S
O F CA S E S R E L A T IN G T O
m aeitim e law cases
C O N T A IN IN G A L L
DECISIONS OF THE COURTS OF LAW AND EQUITY
Cij t iïnitcii SingDom.
E D I T E D B Y
J O H N B R I D G E A S P I N A L L
A N D
GEOFFREY HUTCHINSON,
Ba r r i s t e r s-a t- La w.
VOL. X V ., N E W SER IES.
From 1920 to 1922.
L O N D O N :
T H E F IE L D PRESS L T D ., T H E “ L A W T IM E S ” O F F IC E , W IN D S O R H O U S E , B R E A M ’S B U IL D IN G S , E.C. 4.
1 9 2 3 .
Lo u d o ni
Printed by Hudson & Kearns Li d., Hatfield Street Works, Stamford Street, S.B. 1, and Published by The Fie ld Press Lt d., W in d so r House, B re a m ’s B u ild in g s , E.C . 4.
o w n
INDEX
T O
K A M E S OIF1 TIHIIE C A S E S
R E P O R TE D I N T H IS VO LU M E.
TAOS
d e la id e S te a m s h ip C o m p a n y v . T h e K i n g ... 525
jk .ir a lty C o m m is s io n e rs v . O w n e rs o f th e S te a m - s n ip V o lu te ; V o lu te , T h e ... 530
T h e , a n d o th e r v e s s e ls ... 192
L im ^ te d &b et ^ 'ra n ^ v ‘ N a m a q u a C o p p e r C o m p a n y A lfr e d N o b e l, T h e ... 296
n ib a tie lo s v. A n t o n J u rg e n s M a r g a r in e W o r k s ... 598
c h o r L in e L im i t e d v . M o h a d ... 434
n icha b , T h e , a n d o th e r v e s s e ls ... 441
J o h n s o n , T h e ... 443
a dn e S te a m s h ip C o m p a n y v . J a m e s M c K e lv ie a n d Go. ... f ... 450
^ 1/I? ° U r arLd C o. L im i t e d v. L e o p o ld W a lf o r d (L o n d o n ) L i m i t e d ... 4 15 A r * p e itia , T h e ... 426
A t la n t ie S h ip p in g a n d T r a d in g C o m p a n y L im i t e d • L o u is D r e y f u s a n d C o. ( F i r s t A p p e a l ) ... 566
tto r n e y - G e n e r a l v. A r d C o a ste rs L im i t e d ; L iv e r - P n ° l a n d L o n d o n W a r R is k s In s u ra n c e A s s o c ia tio n u n ite d v . M a rin e U n d e r w r ite r s o f S te a m s h ip icha/rd de L a r r in a g a ... 353
A t t o r n e y - G e n e ra l v. R o y a l M a il S te a m P a c k e t C o m p a n y ... 574
A u s tra la s ia n U n it e d S te a m N a v ig a t io n C o m p a n y L im it e d v. H u n t ... 367
J o h n s o n , T h e ; D r o t tn in g S o p h ia , T h e ... 221
S te a m S h ip p in g C o m p a n y L im i t e d v . P e n le e n d S t. Iv e s S to n e Q u a rrie s L i m i t e d ... 189
a tt le o f J u t la n d , I n th e m a t t e r o f ... 346
e re n d a n d C o. L im i t e d v. P ro d u c e B r o k e r s C o m p a n y L i m i t e d ... 139
S e rn isse , T h e , a n d E lv e , T h e ... 167
fy o rn s tje rn e B jo r n s o n , T h e ... 296
londe, T h e , a n d o th e r s h i p s ... 461
° M a d a &nC* * >ersia S te a m N a v ig a tio n C o m p a n y v. B o rre , T h e ... 334
B r is to l C it y , T h e ... 390
\ an<^ F ° re ig n In s u ra n c e C o m p a n y L im i t e d W ils o n S h ip p in g C o m p a n y L i m i t e d ... ... 114
r i is h a n d F o r e ig n M a rin e In s u ra n c e C o m p a n y v. Q a u n t ... 6 ... . . . 305
B r it is h I n d ia S te a m N a v ig a tio n C o m p a n y L im i t e d L iv e r p o o l a n d L o n d o n W a r R is k s In s u ra n c e A s s o c ia tio n L im it e d ( T h e M a t i a n a ) ... 58
r i t a in S te a m s h ip C o m p a n y L im i t e d v. T h e K in g vz he P e te rsh a m ) ; G re e n v. B r i t i s h I n d ia S te a m ■»Navigation C o m p a n y ; B r i t i s h I n d ia S te a m N a v i g a tio n C o m p a n y v. L iv e r p o o l a n d L o n d o n W a r is k s In s u ra n c e A s s o c ia tio n L im i t e d (T h e M a t i a n a ) ... 58
P A G E B r o o k v. T h e K i n g ... • • * • • ... 2 0 5 C a im 8 m o re , T h e , a n d O u n d a , T h e ... 162
C a n a d ia , T h e ... 606
C a p P a lo s , T h e ... 403
C e d ric , T h e ... 2 85 C e ylo n , T h e ...* ... 160
C h a rlo tte , T h e ... 08
C h e lle w v. R o y a l C o m m is s io n o n S u g a r S u p p ly ... 393
C helston, T h e ... 1®®
C it y o f E d in b u rg h , T h e ... 234
C la r k ( tr a d in g as W r i g h t , C ro s s le y , a n d C o .) v. C o x , M c E w e n , a n d C o... ® C oaster, T h e ... 5(50 C o g s ta d a n d C o. v . H . N e w s u m , S ons, a n d Co. L im it e d , R e ... 134, 369 C ountess, T h e ... .. • ... ^8 1 Crete F o re s t, T h e ... 48
C ro w n o f L e o n , O w n e rs o f th e S te a m s h ip v. A d m i r a l t y C o m m is s io n e r s ... 145
C u m b e rla n d Queen, T h e ... 483
D a n u b e I I . , T h e ... 1®^
D e n h o lm , J . a n d J . , L im i t e d v. S h ip p in g C o n t r o l le r ... ... 141» 277 D ia m o n d A l k a l i E x p o r t C o r p o r a tio n v. H . B o u rg e o is e 4 5 5 D ir ig o , T h e ... D is p e rs e r, T h e . . . ... 112
D r o t tn in g S o p h ia , T h e . ... .. 294
D ü s s e ld o rf, T h e ... 84
E d n a , T h e ... 260
E g y p t ia n B o n d e d W a re h o u s e C o m p a n y L im i t e d v. Y e y a s u G o s h i K a is h a a n d a n o t h e r ... 384
E l l i o t t S te a m T u g C o m p a n y L im i t e d v. J o h n P a y n e a n d C o... ^® E l l i o t t S te a m T u g C o m p a n y L im i t e d v. S h ip p in g C o n t r o l l e r ... • ^ 0 6 E sp a n o le to , T h e ... 287
E v a , T h e ... 424
F a lk , T h e , a n d o th e r s h ip s ... 180
F e d e ra te d C o a l S h ip p in g C o m p a n y L im i t e d v. T h e K i n g ... 604
F e ld m a rs c h a ll, T h e ... 2 9 9 F is h e r , R e e ve s, a n d C o. L im i t e d v . A r m o u r a n d Co. L i m i t e d ... 01
F re n c h M a rin e v. C o m p a g n ie N a p o lit a in e D ’ E c la ira g e e t de C h a u ffa g e p a r le G a z ... 358
G o th la n d , T h e , O w n e rs o f th e S te a m s h ip A le x a n d e r S h u k o ff v . O w n e rs o f th e S te a m s h ip G o th la n d ; O w n e rs o f th e S te a m s h ip L a re n b e rg v . O w n e rs o f th e S te a m s h ip G ^ h la n d ... 122
I V
ASPINALL’S MARITIME LAW CASES.
N A M E S O F C A S E S .
G ra h a m J o in t S to c k S h ip p in g C o m p a n y L im i t e d v.
M o t o r U n io n In s u ra n c e C o m p a n y L i m i t e d ... 445
G re e n v. B r i t i s h I n d ia S te a m N a v ig a tio n C o m p a n y L im i t e d (T h e M a t i a n a j ... *... 58
G u lf o f S u e z, T h e ... 328
H a n s s o n v . H a m e l a n d H o r le y L i m i t e d ... 546
H a r lo w , T h e ... 498
H a r r is o n s L im i t e d v . S h ip p in g C o n t r o lle r ... 270
H e rm io n e , T h e ... ... 493
I b i s V I . , T h e ... 237
I b i s V I . , T h e (N o . 2 ) ... 427
Is a a c s a n d S ons L im i t e d v . W i l li a m M c A llu m a n d C o. L i m i t e d ... 411
Ja m e s W . E lw e l-l, T h e ... 418
J a p y F re re s a n d C o. v. R . W . J . S u th e r la n d a n d Co. : R . W . J . S u th e rla n d a n d Co. v. O w n e rs o f th e S te a m s h ip T h o e je r ... 198
J o a n n is V a tis , T h e ... 506
J o n e s v. E u ro p e a n a n d G e n e ra l E x p re s s C o m p a n y . . 138
K a fu e , T h e ... 48
K a ra m e a , T h e ... 318, 430 K i m , T h e ; B jo rn s tje rn e B jo m s o n , T h e ; A lfr e d N o b e l, T h e ... 210, 296 K i m , T h e , a n d o th e r vessels ( p a r t ca rgo e s e x ) . . 2 10, 296 K o tz ia s v. T y s e r ... 16
K ro n p rin s e s s a n M a r g a r e ta , T h e ; P a ra n a , T h e ; a n d o th e r s h ip s ... 170
K r o n p r in z O la v , T h e ... 312
L a rg o L a w , T h e ... 104
L e s lie S h ip p in g C o m p a n y v. W e ls te a d ... 413
L . F re n c h a n d C o. L im i t e d v. L e e s to n S h ip p in g C o m p a n y L i m i t e d ... 544
L im e r ic k S te a m s h ip C o m p a n y L im i t e d v. W . H . S t o t t a n d C o. L im i t e d ... 323
L la n d o v e ry C astle , T h e ... 163
L o n d o n G e n e ra l In s u ra n c e C o m p a n y L im it e d v. G e n e ra l M a rin e U n d e r w r it e r ’ s A s s o c ia tio n L im it e d 94 L o re d a n o , Th e ... 665
L u n a , T h e ... 252
L y n c h B r o th e r s L im i t e d v. E d w a rd s a n d F a s e ... 208
M a g n h ild , O w n e rs o f S te a m s h ip , v. M c I n t y r e B r o th e r s a n d C o ... 230
M a n n , M a c N e il, a n d S te e ve s L im i t e d v. C a p ita l a n d C o u n tie s In s u ra n c e C o m p a n y L im i t e d ; S a m e v. G e n e ra l M a r in e U n d e r w r ite r s L i m i t e d ... 225
M a r ie O a rtz , T h e ... gg M a r ie O a rtz , T h e (N o . 2 ) ... 290
M a rlb o ro u g h H i l l , T h e ... 263
M a t ia n a , T h e ... 68
M e n d ip R an g e , O w n e rs o f th e S te a m s h ip , v. R a d c l i f f e ... 242
M e rs e y D o c k s a n d H a r b o u r B o a rd i \ L o r d s C o m m is s io n e rs o f th e A d m ir a l t y ... 24
M o g ile ff, T h e (N o . 2 ) ... 475
M o rg a n a , T h e ... 160
M o u n t a in v. W h i t t l e ... 255
M u n r o B r ic e a n d C o. v. M a r t in ; S a m e v. T h e K i n g 45 N a x o s , T h e , a n d o th e r S h ip s ... 52
N e w S w eden, T h e ... ... ... 3 51, 439 N o o rd a m , T h e (N o . 2) a n d o th e r S h ip s ... 27
N o m e , T h e ... 222
O rte ric , T h e ... 10
O sca r 1 1 ., T h e ... 14
P A G * O sca r I I . , T h e (N o . 2 ) ... 215
O w n e rs o f S te a m s h ip M a g n h ild v . M c I n t y r e B r o th e r s a n d Co. ; M a g n h ild , T h e . ... 107, 230 O w n e rs o f th e S te a m s h ip C e lia v. O w n e rs o f th e S te a m s h ip V o ltu rn o ; V o ltu rn o , T h e ... 374
O w n e rs o f th e S te a m s h ip L a re n b e rg v. O w n e rs o f S te a m s h ip G o th la n d ... 242
O w n e rs o f th e S te a m s h ip L o r d v. N e w s u m ... 19
O w n e rs o f th e S te a m s h ip M e n d ip R an g e v. R a d c l i f f e ... 242
O w n e rs o f th e S te a m s h ip R ic h a rd de L a r r in a g a v. A d m ir a l t y C o m m is s io n e rs ... 46
P a g e a n d o t h e r s v. A d m ir a l t y C o m m is s io n e rs ; E l l i o t t S te a m T u g C o m p a n y v. S a m e ... 81
P a q u e t a n d a n o th e r v. C o r p o r a tio n o f P ilo ts f o r a jid b e lo w th e H a r b o u r o f Q u e b e c ; A t t o r n e y - G e n e ra l f o r C a n a d a , I n t e r v e n e r ... 105
P e llw o rm , T h e , a n d o th e r v e s s e ls ... ...101, 470 P e n in s u la r a n d O r ie n t a l B r a n c h S e rv ic e v. C o m m o n w e a lth S h ip p in g R e p re s e n ta tiv e ... 522
P e te rs h a m , T h e ... 68
P . L . M . 8 , T h e ... ... 51
P o le m is v. F u rn e s s W i t h y a n d C o. L i m i t e d ... 398
P o rto A le x a n d re , T h e ... 1
P r in s d e r N e d e ria n d e n , T h e ... 274
R a l l i B r o th e r s v . C o m p a n ia N a v ie r a S o ta y A z n a r . . 33
R a n , T h e ; G ra y g a rth , T h e ... 517
R a n v e ig , T h e ... 2 9 2 , 382 R e L o n d o n C o u n ty C o m m e rc ia l R e in s u ra n c e O ffice L i m i t e d ... 553
Re S u th e r la n d a n d C o. a n d H a n n e v ig B r o t h e r s ... 203
S a m u e l S a n d a y a n d C o m p a n y v. K e ig h le y , M a x te d , a n d C o ... 5 96 S a n d a y a n d C o. v. S t r a t h S te a m s h ip C o m p a n y L i m i t e d ... £80
S c r u t t o n , S ons, a n d C o. v . A tt o r n e y - G e n e r a l f o r T r i n i d a d ... 133
S h ro p s h ire , T h e ... . ... 6 03 S p r in g e r v. G r e a t W e s te rn R a ilw a y C o m p a n y ... 86
S u lm a n P a k , T h e , a n d o th e r v e s s e ls ... 594
S v ith io d , T h e ... 9
T a rb e rt, T h e ... ... ... 423
T h e S h ip M a rlb o ro u g h H i l l v. A le x . C o w a n a n d Sons L im i t e d a n d o th e rs ; M a rlb o ro u g h H i l l , T h e ... 163
T h o m a s C h e s h ire a n d Co. v. V a u g h a n B r o th e r s a n d C o... 69
T ra n m e re , T h e ... ... 2 90 T r i n id a d S h ip p in g a n d T r a d in g C o m p a n y L im it e d v. G . R . A ls t o n a n d C o ... 31
T r o m p , T h e ... ... %... 338
T r o y v. E a s te r n C o m p a n y o f W a re h o u s e s In s u ra n c e a n d T r a n s p o r t o f G o o d s a n d A d v a n c e s L im i t e d ( o f P e tr o g r a d ) ... 387
T u r i d , T h e ... 155, i 8 4, 538 Tw ee A m b t, T h e ... 347
U n ite d States (N o . 2 ), T h e ... 344
U m a , T h e ... 32
V a le ria , T h e ... 55f 2 18 Vesta, T h e , a n d o th e r vessels ... . 194
V ig ila n t , T h e ... 337 V o ltu rn o , T h e ... 288 374 Z a m o ra , T h e ( N o , 2 ) ... 2 66
Z d o . T h e ... 4 2 8
S U B J E C T S OF C A S E S .
A B A N D O N M E N T . Se.3 M a r in e In s u ra n c e , N o . 19.
P A G E P A G E
A P P E A L F R O M A R B I T R A T O R . See A r b it r a t io n , N o . 3.
A C C I D E N T . See C a rria g e o f Goods, N o s . 7, 8.
A P P O R T I O N M E N T O F B L A M E . See C o llis io n , N o s . 6, 8, 11.
A C T I O N I N R E M . See P ra c tic e , N o . 8.
A P P R A I S E D V A L U E . See P r iz e , N o . 37.
A C T I O N M IS C O N C E I V E D . See P ra c tic e , N o . 6.
A D M I R A L T Y .
m is s io n o f Ne g l i g e n c e b y, Ef f e c to n Pr i z e Fu n d. See N a v a l P r iz e T r ib u n a l, N o . 3.
Sa l v a g e, Ri g h t o f, t o. See S a lva g e , N o . 2.
A D V A N C E S . See P r iz e , N o . 5.
a d v e n t u r e, f r u s t r a t i o n o f See C a rria g e o f Ooode N o . 21.
A G E N T . See S a lva g e , N o . 5.
a g e n t, s h i p p i n g a n d f o r w a r d i n g. See C a rria g e o f Goods, N o . 23.
^ A G R E E M E N T W I T H A L L I E S
TH Ne u t r a l Co u n t r y Co n c e d in g Ri g h t t o Tr a d e i n Co n d i t i o n a l Co n t r a b a n d.
See P riz e , N o . 23.
“ A L L R I S K S ” P O L I C Y See M a r in e In s u ra n c e , N o . 10.
A M B U L A N C E W A G O N S . See M a r in e In s u ra n c e , N o . 13.
s A P P E A L , C O U R T O F .
n i A b\*nCU*'o n ’ N o . 1 ; C a rria g e o f Goods, N o s. 3, 5, 10, 12* ]r. V - 18; -19’ 2 3 ’ 2 4 ’ 2 5 > 2 9 » C o llis io n , N o s . 11, / n L . „ ’ l i m i t a t i o n o f L i a b i l i t y , N o s. 3, 4, 8, 9 ; M a r in e P tS z 2 mi e’ , N o .s: 2» 3, 5, 6, 8, 12, 1 3 ; P ra c tic e , N o . 5 ;
■A uthorities P ro te c tio n A c t ; S a le o f Goods, N o s . 1, 2 , 4 ; T u g a n d T o w .
■ c r£ T Io n o f, t o Re v i e w Ap p o r t io n m e n t Un d e r Ma r i t i m e Co n v e n t i o n s Ac t, 1911.
See C o llis io n , N o . 11.
A R B I T R A T I O N .
1. A p p e a l— Case sta rte d b y a r b itr a to r — A r b it r a t io n A c t 1889 (5 2 & 53 V ie t. c. 4 9 ), ss. 1 a n d 19.—
W h e re a n a r b i t r a t o r s ta te s a s p e c ia l case f o r th e o p in io n o f th e c o u r t w it h o u t in d ic a t in g w h e th e r he is a c tin g u n d e r s e c t. 7 o r s e c t. 19 o f th e A r b it r a t io n A c t 1889, i t is n ece ssa ry t o c o n s id e r, i n o rd e r t o a s c e rta in u n d e r w h ic h s e c tio n su c h sp e c ia l case is s ta t e d / w h e t h e r th e a r b i t r a t o r in te n d e d t o p a r t w it h th e m a t t e r f o r g o o d a n d a ll, so f a r as h is j u r is d ic t io n o v e r i t w as c o n c e rn e d o r w h e th e r, w h ils t r e ta in in g h is j u r is d ic t io n , he m e re ly s o u g h t th e d ir e c tio n o f th e c o u r t u p o n som e p o i n t w h ic h h a d a ris e n b e fo re h im . I f th e la n g u a g e u sed in d ic a te s t h a t th e a r b i t r a t o r d e sire s th e case t o g o b a c k t o h im in o rd e r t h a t he m a y g iv e h is fin a l a w a r d a f t e r th e c o u r t h a s e x p re s s e d i t s o p in io n , th e n th e s p e c ia l case is s ta te d u n d e r se ct. 19 a n d n o a p p e a l w il l lie t o th e C o u r t o f A p p e a l. W h e n s ta tin g a s p e c ia l case a r b it r a t o r s s h o u ld s ta te u n d e r w h ic h s e c tio n o f th e A c t i t is in te n d e d t o be s ta te d . ( C o u r t o f A p p e a l.) Cogstad a n d Co. a n d H . N e ic s u m , S ons, a n d C o. L im ite d , R e ... ... 134 2. P ra c tic e — A m e n d m e n t o f a w a rd — “ E r r o r a r is in g
f r o m a n y a c c id e n ta l s lip o r o m is s io n ” — A r b it r a t io n A c t 1889 (5 2 db 53 V ie t. c. 4 9 ), s. 7 (c).— S. a n d Co.
w e re th e c h a rte re rs a n d H . a n d Co. w e re th e s u b - c h a rte re rs o f a s te a m s h ip . A t th e t e r m in a t io n o f th e c h a r t e r - p a r t y q u e s tio n s a rose w it h re g a rd t o th e b a la n c e o f h ir e a n d o f in s u ra n c e p re m iu m s . T h e o w n e rs c la im e d a g a in s t th e c h a rte re rs , a n d th e c h a rte re rs c la im e d a g a in s t th e s u b -c h a rte re rs . B o t h d is p u te s w e re re fe rre d t o a r b it r a t io n . A s th e a r b it r a t o r s d is a g re e d , th e d is p u te s ca m e b e fo re th e sam e u m p ir e , w h o , i n th e f i r s t case, n a m e ly , t h a t b e tw e e n th e o w n e rs a n d th e c h a rte re rs , a w a rd e d t h a t th e co sts o f th e a r b i t r a t i o n , w h ic h he assessed a t 130£., a n d ta x e d co sts s h o u ld be p a id b y th e c h a rte re rs . I n th e se co n d case, t h a t b e tw e e n th e c h a rte re rs a n d th e s u b -c h a rte re rs , th e u m p ir e a w a rd e d t h a t th e s u b -c h a rte re rs s h o u ld p a y t o th e c h a rte re rs f o r h ir e a n d in s u ra n c e , a n d p ro c e e d e d : “ I f u r t h e r f in d a n d a w a rd t h a t th e co sts o f t h is a r b it r a t io n , w h ic h I assess a t 130J.
V I
ASPINALL’S MARITIME LAW CASES.
S U B J E C T S O F C A S E S .
P A G E a n d ta x e d co s ts , as w e ll as co sts o f th e a r b i t r a t i o n b e tw e e n th e o w n e rs a n d S u th e r la n d a n d C o. ( th e c h a rte re rs ) o n th e sam e s u b je c t, e x c e p t ta x e d c o sts o f th e s i t t i n g o f th e 2 7 th J u n e 1919, s h a ll be p a id b y th e c h a rte re rs ” [i.e ., th e s u b -c h a rte re rs in th e se co n d a r b i t r a t i o n ] . A s th e p a r tie s w e re n o t c le a r as t o w h a t co sts w e re p a y a b le b y th e s u b - c h a rte re rs u n d e r th e u m p ir e ’ s a w a rd , c o rre s p o n d e nce e n su e d b e tw e e n th e s o lic ito r s f o r S. a n d Co.
a n d th e s o lic ito r s f o r H . a n d C o., a n d a l e t t e r w a s w r it t e n t o th e u m p ir e s u g g e s tin g t h a t a c le ric a l m is ta k e o r e r r o r a r is in g fr o m a n a c c id e n ta l s lip h a d b ee n m a d e i n th e a w a rd . T h e u m p ir e b e in g u n d e r th e im p re s s io n t h a t he h a d m a d e a n e r r o r i n w r it in g h is a w a rd d e liv e re d a f u r t h e r a w a rd w h ic h h e s a id h e h a d a m e n d e d so t h a t i t s h o u ld re a d as h e h a d o r ig in a lly in te n d e d t o s ta te i t . T h e a m e n d e d a w a r d w a s as fo llo w s : “ I f u r t h e r f in d a n d a w a rd t h a t th e c o sts o f t h is a r b it r a t io n , w h ic h I assess a t 130Z. a n d . ta x e d co sts, as w e ll as c o sts o f th e a r b i t r a t i o n a n d th e ta x e d c o s ts o f th e o w n e rs a g a in s t S u th e r la n d a n d Co. a n d S u th e rla n d a n d C o .’ s o w n co sts o f th e a r b i t r a t i o n . s h a ll be p a id b y th e c h a rte re rs (i.e ., th e s u b - c h a rte re rs i n th e se co n d a r b it r a t io n ) . . .”
H e ld , t h a t th e a m e n d e d a w a r d m u s t b e s e t a sid e b ecause th e u m p ir e h a d n o p o w e r t o e x p o u n d w h a t h e h a d p u rp o s e ly w r it t e n i n h is o r ig in a l a w a rd . T h e a r b i t r a t o r h a d w r it t e n d o w n e v e r y t h in g w h ic h he in te n d e d , a n d n o t h in g w h ic h he h a d n o t in te n d e d , t o w r it e d o w n ; he h a d th e r e fo r e n o j u r i s d ic t io n to a lt e r h is a w a rd . T h e re w as n o “ e r r o r a r is in g f r o m a n a c c id e n ta l s lip o r o m is s io n ” w it h i n th e m e a n in g o f s e c t. 7 (c) o f th e A r b it r a t io n A c t 1889, w h ic h e n a c ts t h a t a n a r b i t r a t o r h a d p o w e r “ to c o rre c t i n a n a w a r d a n y c le r ic a l m is ta k e o r e r r o r a r is in g fr o m a n a c c id e n ta l s lip o r o m is s io n .” ( K . B . D iv . C t.) ( R o w la t t a n d M c C a rd ie , J . J . ) Re S u th e rla n d a n d Co. a n d H a n n e v ig B r o t h e r s ... 203 3. P ra c tic e — A p p e a l— Case stated by a rb itr a to r —
A r b it r a t o r d e s irin g case m a y go back i n c e rta in events— C o n s u lta tiv e j u r is d ic t io n o f c o u rt— A r b i tr a tio n A c t 1889 (52 53 V ie t. c. 4 9 ), ss. 7 a n d 19.
— A n a w a r d s ta te d b y a n a r b i t r a t o r f o r th e o p in io n o f th e H ig h C o u r t is n o t a fin a l a w a rd s ta te d i n a c c o rd a n c e w it h se ct. 7 o f th e A r b i t r a t i o n A c t 1889, i f o n th e fa c e o f th e a w a rd i t is a p p a r e n t t h a t in th e e xe rc is e o f th e d u tie s o r ig in a lly u n d e r ta k e n b y h im th e a r b i t r a t o r d e sire s t h a t in a c e r ta in e v e n t f u r t h e r o p p o r t u n i t y s h o u ld be a ffo rd e d f o r th e fin a l e xe rcise o f h is a u t h o r it y . S u ch a n a w a rd is a n a w a rd s ta te d f o r th e c o n s u lta tiv e o p in io n o f th e c o u r t u n d e r se ct. 19 o f th e A c t . A n u m p ir e in s ta tin g a s p e c ia l case a fte r s ta tin g c e r ta in fin d in g s o f f a c t a n d c o n c lu s io n s o f la w p ro c e e d e d , “ T h e q u e s tio n f o r th e o p in io n o f th e c o u r t is w h e th e r u p o n th e t r u e c o n s t r u c tio n o f th e c h a r t e r - p a r ty a n d th e fa c ts as s ta te d b y m e th e d e c is io n s a t w h ic h I h a v e a r r iv e d a re c o r r e c t in p o in t o f la w . I f th e y be c o rre c t, m y a w a rd is to s ta n d , b u t i f in c o r r e c t i n a n y p a r t ic u la r , I d e sire t h a t th e a w a rd m a y be re fe rre d b a c k to m e f o r r e a ssessm e n t o f th e d a m a g e s d u e in a c c o rd a n c e w it h th e d e c is io n o f th e c o u r t . ” H e ld , ( L o r d P a rm o o r a n d L o r d C a rs o n d is s e n tin g ) t h a t th e a w a r d w as n o t fin a l a n d n o a p p e a l la y fr o m th e d e c is io n o f th e ju d g e a t th e h e a rin g o f th e a w a rd . D e c is io n o f th e C o u r t o f A p p e a l (15 A s p . M a r. L a w Cas. 134 ; 124 L . T . R e p . 204 ; (1 9 2 1 ) 1 K . B . 87) a ffirm e d . (H o u s e o f L o r d s ) R e a n a r b itr a tio n between C. T . C ogstad a n d Co. a n d H . N e w s u m , S o n s a n d Co. L i m i t e d ... 369
See C a rria g e o f Goods, N o . 34.
A R M I S T I C E , E F F E C T O N N E U T R A L S . See P riz e N o s . 2 3, 31.
A R R E S T .
See B o t t o m r y ; P ra c tic e , N o . 3, 8 ; S a lva g e , N o . 1 ; C a rria g e o f Goods, N o . 15.
A W A R D . See A r b it r a t io n , N o . 2.
See L im it a t io n o f L ia b i li t y , N o s. 1, 8.
So l ic it o r s’ Un d e r t a k i n g f o r, See P ra c tic e , N o . 8.
B A I L B O N D . See P r iz e , N o . 24.
B A I L H A C H E , J .
See C a rria g e o f Goods, N o . 1 ; S a le o f Goods, N o . 3.
B A I L M E N T O F W R E C K . See C o llis io n , N o . 15.
B A L L A S T , P E R M A N E N T , O F C E M E N T . See C a rria g e o f Goods, N o . 12.
B A L T I C A N D W H I T E S E A C H A R T E R See C a rria g e o f Goods, N o . 19.
B A R R A T R Y . See P riz e , N o . 29.
B A T T L E O F J U T L A N D . See P riz e , N o . 2 8, 30.
B I L L O F L A D I N G .
See C a rria g e o f Goods, N o s . 4, 15, 18, 2 0, 28, 33.
B O O K I N G S L I P . See C a rria g e o f Goods, N o . 28.
B O T T O M R Y .
B o tto m ry bond— M a r it im e r is k — Voyage u n d e fin e d i n the bond— V a lid it y o f the bond— C o -o w n e rsh ip — W r i t o f fi. fa .— S e izu re o f the s h ip by the s h e r iff—
A c tio n i n re m — A r r e s t by the M a r s h a l o f the A d m ir a lt y — S a le by the M a r s h a l— N ecessaries m en
— E x e c u tio n c re d ito rs — P r io r itie s .—-A b o t t o m r y b o n d m u s t d e fin e th e v o y a g e o f w h ic h th e le n d e r u n d e rta k e s th e m a r it im e r is k . A n in s t r u m e n t is n o t a b o t t o m r y b o n d , n o t w it h s t a n d in g t h a t th e p a r tie s to i t d e s c rib e i t as s u c h , i f i t s te rm s p r o v id e n o t h in g t o p r e v e n t th e le n d e r d e m a n d in g r e p a y m e n t a t a n y tim e , e v e n b e fo re th e s h ip h a s s a ile d f r o m th e p o r t w h e re th e b o n d w a s g iv e n , o r i f , b y le a v in g u n d e fin e d th e tim e w h e n r e p a y m e n t s h a ll b e co m e d u e , i t e n a b le s th e le n d e r t o m a in t a in a s e c re t m a r it im e lie n o n th e s h ip a t h is p le a s u re . I n d e te r m in in g p r io r it ie s b e tw e e n n ecessaries m e n a n d e x e c u tio n c re d ito r s f o r w h o m th e s h e r iff has se ize d a s h ip u n d e r a w r i t o f f i . f a . , th e e x e c u tio n c re d ito r s w i l l be p re fe rre d t o th e n ecessaries m e n , s in ce th e fo r m e r a re se c u re d c re d ito r s fr o m th e t im e o f s e iz u re , w h ils t th e l a t t e r h a v e o n ly a c q u ire d a s e c u r ity f o r s u c h s u m s as th e y m a y b e co m e e n t it le d to u n d e r a s u b s e q u e n t ju d g m e n t . A n A m e r ic a n s h ip , w h ic h w a s j o i n t l y o w n e d b y tw o sets o f A m e r ic a n o w n e rs , w a s se ize d b y th e s h e riff u n d e r a w r i t o f f i . f a . i n e x e c u tio n o f a ju d g m e n t re c o v e re d i n th e K i n g ’ s B e n c h D iv is io n a g a in s t o n e s e t o f o w n e rs . S o o n a fte r w a rd s she w as a rre s te d b y th e M a rs h a l o f th e A d m ir a l t y a t th e s u it o f p a r tie s s u in g i n re m f o r necessaries. O th e r necessaries m e n s u b s e q u e n tly c o m m e n c e d p r o ce e d in g s, . a n d e it h e r e ffe c te d a r r e s t o r e n te re d c a v e a ts . T h e s h ip w a s th e n s o ld b y th e M a rs h a l a c tin g w it h th e c o n s e n t o f a ll p a rtie s . A n a c tio n w as th e n c o m m e n c e d a g a in s t h e r b y p a r tie s c la im - i n " t o be h o ld e rs o f a b o t t o m r y b o n d . T h e b o n d n a d b ee n g iv e n b y th e m a s te r som e m o n th s p r e v io u s ly i n o r d e r to p r o v id e fu n d s t o fre e h is vessel f r o m a rre s t u n d e r w h ic h she th e n la y . B y th e te rm s o f th e b o n d , w h ic h d e s c rib e d it s e lf as a b o t t o m r y b o n d , th e m a s te r a g re e d “ to b o n d a n d lie n th e s h ip ” in th e a m o u n t a d v a n c e d , th e le n d e rs “ t o h a v e a b s o lu te lie n u p o n th e vessel u n t i l th e s a id lo a n is r e p a id ,” a n d u n d e r to o k t o d r a w n o o th e r b o n d o n th e s h ip w it h o u t th e c o n s e n t o f th e le n d e rs . I n a n a c tio n o n t h is b o n d
ASPINALL’S MARITIME LAW CASES.
V l lS U B J E C T S O F C A S E S .
P A G E S*e e x e c u tio n c re d ito r s u n d e r th e ju d g m e n t i n th e f a n g ’ s B e n c h D iv is io n in te r v e n e d . H e ld , t h a t l h is b o n d w as v o id . N o tim e w a s fix e d f o r r e p a y - J^e n t. T h e lo a n w a s th e re fo re re p a y a b le o n R e m a n d , a n d th e re w a s n o t h in g i n th e d o c u m e n ts e p r e v e n t th e p la i n t i f f s d e m a n d in g r e p a y m e n t
©fore th e s h ip s a ile d f r o m th e p o r t w h e re th e b o n d w a s g iv e n . N o r w a s th e re a n y t h in g to P re v e n t th e m f r o m a llo w in g th e lo a n t o r u n o n in d e fin it e ly a n d m a in ta in in g a m a r it im e l ie n o n l ne s h ip a ll th e tim e . T h e e x e c u tio n c re d ito rs a.nd t'h® n ecessaries m e n w h o h a d e s ta b lis h e d t h e ir n g h t i n re m w e re , th e re fo re , e n t it le d t o th e p r o ceeds o f th e sa le . A s b e tw e e n th e se c la im a n ts , h e ld . t h e s h e r iff c o u ld e ffe c tu a lly seize th e shares f11 a / 0 re ' ^ n s h ip , t o w h ic h n o s t a t u t o r y r e s tr ic tio n 0 tn e c o n t r a r y a p p lie d , i n th e sam e w a y t h a t he c o u ld seize a n u n d iv id e d s h a re in a n y o th e r c h a t t e l ; n t t h a t , o n th e o th e r h a n d , se izu re b y th e s h e riff tb n ° ^ ^ P ^ v e th e M a rs h a l o f h is p o w e r t o a rre s t he s h ip , sin ce b o t h w e re a lik e th e s e rv a n ts o f th e c o u rt. I t fo llo w e d t h a t th e e x e c u tio n c re d ito rs Were s e c u re d c re d ito r s f r o m th e m o m e n t o f se izu re ; ns s u c h th e y o u g h t t o e n jo y p r i o r i t y t o th e n eces
saries m e n w h o h a d o n ly o b ta in e d a s e c u r ity f o r su m s t o w h ic h th e y m ig h t b e co m e e n t it le d u n d e r a 8V ^ s e q u e n t ju d g m e n t . T h e r u le o f th e A d m ir a l t y C o u r t t h a t n ecessaries m e n s h a re d i n he p ro c e e d s o f a sa le p a r i p a s s u w it h o u t re g a rd
° th e d a te s o f a r r e s t a n d ju d g m e n t s h o u ld n o t be e x te n d e d t o in c lu d e e x e c u tio n c r e d ito rs . T h e shares h e ld b y th o s e o w n e rs a g a in s t w h o m j u d g m e n t h a d b ee n sig n e d in th e K i n g ’ s B e n c h D iv is io n w e re, th e re fo re , o rd e re d t o be p a id o u t t o th e
® x e c u tio n c re d ito rs . T h e sh a re s h e ld b y th e o th e r o w n e rs w e re o rd e re d t o be p a id o u t t o th e n eces
saries m e n , r a n k in g p a r i p a ssu . ( H i l l , J . ) Th e Ja m es W . E l w e l l . ...; ... 418
B O U N T Y . See P r iz e , N o . 28.
B R O K E R . See C a rria g e o f Goods, N o . 32.
B U Y E R ’ S R I G H T T O R E J E C T . See C a rria g e o f Goods, N o . 33.
l C A N A D A .
Quebec H a rb o u r-^—C o rp o ra tio n o f p ilo ts — L e g is la tiv e a u th o rity -—B r i t i s h N o r t h A m e ric a A c t 1867 (3 0 dc . L V fct. c. 3 ), ss. 9 1-92— C a n a d a S h ip p in g A c t R e v is e d S ta tu tes o f C a n a d a , 1906, s. 123— 4 <Sc 6 Z * ° ' 5, c. 4 8, ss. 1, 2, 3 (S ta t. o f C a n .).— T h e
© sp o n d e n t c o r p o r a tio n , w h ic h c o n s is ts o f lic e n s e d th ® a r k o u r o f Q u e b ec a n d b e lo w , su ed
e f i r s t a p p e lla n t, a p i l o t a n d a m e m b e r o f th e c o r p o r a tio n , t o re c o v e r a s u m e a rn e d b y h im f o r se rvice s o f a p i l o t o f th e h a r b o u r d u r in g th e season o f n a v ig a tio n o f 1917. T h e d e fe n d a n t p le a d e d t h a t u n d e r 4 & 5 G eo. 5, c. 48 (S ta t. o f a r ? ‘ vl h e Was e n t it le d t o r e ta in f o r h is o w n use
^ d b e n e fit th e a m o u n t o f h is e a rn in g s o v e r a n d a ove s u c h s u m as m ig h t be re q u ir e d f o r th e p ilo t s ’ P e n sio n fu n d . H e ld , t h a t th e p o w e r c o n fe rre d o n th e c o r p o r a tio n b y 23 V ie t . c. 123 ( S ta t. o f j^a n .), t o d e m a n d p il o t d u e s a n d t o c a ll o n p ilo t s o h a n d o v e r t h e ir e a rn in g s as re c e iv e d w a s e x t i n g u is h e d b y 4 & 5 G eo. 5, c. 4 8, ss. 1, 2, 3 (S ta t.
C a n .). T h e D o m in io n L e g is la tu r e h a d p o w e r n d e r th e B r i t i s h N o r t h A m e r ic a A c t 1867, s. 91, ead 10 ( N a v ig a t io n a n d S h ip p in g ), t o e n a c t t WS . W ith re g a r d t o p ilo ta g e , a lth o u g h th e y re n c h e d u p o n th e p r o p e r t y a n d c i v il r ig h t s i n a P ro v in c e . O n th e q u e s tio n w h e th e r th e c o r p o r a t io n w as s t i l l e n t it le d t o d e m a n d fr o m a p il o t a c o n t r ib u t io n to th e p ilo t s ’ p e n s io n fu n d L o r d s h ip s e xp re sse d n o o p in io n . J u d g m e n t 27 |V e ^ o u r t o f K i n g ’ s B e n c h , re p o r te d Q . R e p .
4 09, re v e rs e d . ( P r i v y C o u n c il.) P a q u e t th af } ° ^ er v * C o rp o ra tio n o f P ilo ts f o r a n d below J }e H a r b o u r o f Quebec ; A tto rn e y -G e n e ra l f o r C a n a d a , In te rv e n e r ... 105
P A G E 2. B r i t i s h m a ste r's c e rtific a te — S u s p e n s io n o f c e r ti
fic a te — W re ck C o m m is s io n e r's C o u rt— C a n a d ia n proce d u re — S h ip p in g • C a s u a ltie s a n d A p p e a ls a n d R e h e a rin g R u le s 1907, r r . 22, 3, 12— M e r c h a n t S h ip p in g A c t 1894 (5 7 & 58 V ie t. c. 6 0 ), 8. 470— C a n a d a S h ip p in g A c t 1908 (7 dc 8 E d w . 7, c. 6 5), s, 36.— T h e c e r tific a te o f a B r i t i s h m a s te r w a s su s p e n d e d b y a W r e c k C o m m is s io n e r’ s C o u r t s i t t i n g a t M o n tre a l. T h e m a s te r a p p e a le d o n th e g r o u n d (in t e r a lia ) t h a t th e p ro c e d u re u n d e r th e C a n a d a S h ip p in g A c t 1908, s. 36, w a s n o t c o n s is te n t w it h th e r ig h t s t o w h ic h a B r i t i s h m a s te r is e n t it le d u n d e r th e M e r c h a n t S h ip p in g A c t 1894, s. 4 70, su b -s. 4, a n d th e S h ip p in g C a s u a ltie s a n d A p p e a ls a n d R e h e a rin g R u le s 1907, r r . 3 a n d 12. H e ld , t h a t th e r ig h ts o f B r i t i s h s h ip m a s te rs i n a C a n a d ia n W r e c k C o m m is s io n e r’ 8 C o u r t a re t o be d e te rm in e d b y c o n s id e rin g w h e th e r th e C a n a d ia n s ta tu te s d im i n is h th e r ig h ts a ssu re d t o th e m b y B r i t i s h le g is la t io n . T h e s a fe g u a rd s p r o v id e d f o r th e in te re s ts o f s h ip m a s te rs b y th e M e rc h a n t S h ip p in g A c t a n d th e ru le s m a d e th e r e u n d e r a re i n n o w a y d im in is h e d b y sect. 36 o f th e C a n a d a S h ip p in g A c t 1908. B u t as i n t h is case th e W r e c k C o m m is s io n e r’ s C o u r t h a d n o t c o m p lie d w it h th e p r o v is io n s o f se ct. 36, th e d e c is io n m u s t be q u a s h e d a n d th e m a s te r’ s c e r tific a te re s to re d to h im . ( A d m . D iv is io n a l C o u r t, S ir H e n r y D u k e , P . a n d H i l l , J . ) T h e C h e ls t o n ... .. 158
C A N C E L L A T I O N . See S a le o f Goods, N o . 1.
C A P T O R . See P riz e , N o . 33.
Du t y o f, t o In s u r e. See P riz e , N o . 30.
C A P T U R E . See P riz e , N o s . 6, 17, 34.
C A R G O . See P r iz e , N o . 2.
Da m a g e d o n Sh i p m e n t. See C a rria g e o f Goods, N o . 20.
C A R R I A G E O F G O O D S . 1. C h a rte r-p a rty — P re s c rib e d ro ute — R e fu s a l o f
m a ste r to fo llo w — E r r o r o f ju d g m e n t— B re a c h o f c h a rte r-p a rty .— B y a c h a r t e r - p a r t y d a te d th e 8 th A p r i l 1916, f o r a v o y a g e fr o m L iv e r p o o l t©
A rc h a n g e l, i t w a s p r o v id e d b y cla u se 9 t h a t th e m a s te r w a s t o p ro s e c u te h is v o y a g e w it h th e u tm o s t d is p a tc h , a n d b y cla u se 14, t h a t a ll losses a n d d a m a g e s o c c a s io n e d b y “ n e g lig e n c e , d e f a u lt o r e r r o r o f ju d g m e n t o f th e p il o t , m a s te r, o r c re w , o r o th e r s e rv a n ts o f th e o w n e rs i n th e m a n a g e m e n t o r n a v ig a tio n o f th e s te a m e r w e re t o be a b s o lu te ly e x c e p te d . T h e ve ssel s a ile d f r o m L iv e r p o o l o n th e 2 6 th S e p t. 1916 a n d a r r iv e d a t H o n n in g s v a a g , i n th e n o r t h o f N o r w a y . F r o m th e re , o w in g t o th e d a n g e r o f G e rm a n s u b m a rin e s , a s p e c ia l ro u te t o A rc h a n g e l w a s p re s c rib e d b y th e B r i t i s h A d m ir a l t y a n d th e N o rw e g ia n W a r I n s u r a n c e A s s o c ia tio n ; th e m a s te r, h o w e v e r, a fte r
w a it in g so m e d a y s , d e c id e d t o p ro c e e d b y a n o th e r ro u te a n d re a c h e d V a rd o e o n th e 1 1 th O c t. 1916.
S u b s e q u e n tly th e c re w re fu s e d t o c o n tin u e th e v o y a g e t o A rc h a n g e l o w in g t o r e p o r ts as to th e p rese n ce o f a h o s tile s u b m a rin e , a n d , i n s p ite o f th e c h a rte re rs ’ p ro te s ts , th e v o y a g e w a s a b a n d o n e d a n d th e c a rg o d is c h a rg e d . T h e c la im o f th e o w n e rs f o r th e h ir e a n d o f th e c h a rte re rs f o r d a m a g e s f o r b re a c h o f th e c h a r t e r - p a r t y w e re re fe rre d t o a r b it r a t io n . T h e u m p ir e fo u n d t h a t th e m a s te r in re fu s in g t o fo llo w th e p re s c rib e d r o u t e w a s g u i l t y o f a g ra v e e r r o r o f ju d g m e n t , a n d t h a t i n f a ilin g to s a il he h a d c o m m it te d a b re a c h o f clau se 9 o f th e c h a r t e r - p a r ty , a n d he a w a rd e d th e c h a rte re rs d a m a g e s f o r t h is b re a c h . H e ld , t h a t th e d e c is io n o f th e m a s te r n o t to
