T H IS P H O T O G R A P H IC R E P R IN T E D IT IO N
IS P U B L IS H E D BY
D E N N IS & CO., IN C . (Publishers), Buffalo, N. Y „ U. S. A.
B U T T E R W O R T H & CO. (Publishers) L T D ., London, England
R e p rin te d by p h o to lith o in the U.S.A.
by C ushing-M alloy, Inc., o f A n n A rb o r, M ichigan
R E P O R T S
OF CASES RELATING TO
M a r i t i m e l a w :
CONTAINING A L L THE
decisions of the courts of law and equity
©ttitcti Kingdom.
E D I T E D B Y
BUTLER ASPINALL, K.C., and JOHN BRIDGE ASPINALL,
Ba r b i s t e e s-a t- La w.
VO L. X ., N E W SER IES.
F ro m 1 9 0 5 to 1 9 0 8 ,
L O N D O N : H O R A C E C O X , B R E A M ’ S B U I L D I N G S , E . O . 1 9 0 8
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1 T A M E S O F T I E ! I E C A S E S
R E P O R T E D I N T H IS V O L U M E .
, . P AG E
guicourt Steamship Company Lim ited v.
astern Extension, Australasia, and China
telegraph Company L im ite d ... 499
¿Ibano, T h e ... 365
Anderson v. M a r te n ... 494, 605 Andre Theodore, T h e ... 94
Anselm, The ... 257, 438 ■“ m ®, T h e ... 358
a r<^an Steamship Company v. W ier and Co... 135
Aristocrat, T h e ... . 5 6 7 Ashton, T h e ... . . . 88
T h e ...183
* ssheton-Smith v. Owen... 164, 411 ssicurazioni Generali de Trieste v. Empress -assurance Corporation L im ited ... 577
Priars Steam Shipping Company Aed (apps.) v. Struck (resp.)... 70
arclav and Co. L im ited v. Poole... 574
^ ... 2 0 8 e . teamship Company v. R iver Wear Com missioners ; The C ity : ...' 370
Biddle v. H a r t ... 469
^ rn a rn , The ... 462
Birnam Wood, T h e ... 325
°Pams°(resrDCl e’ Solicitor to the <aPP') v A bra‘ B c a r s d a ^ ^ 0 V' ®axtor and- a n o th e r; The fd ie J e u , W ; " : : ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; S V~ Llderslie Steamship Com pany.. . . 121
on F ru it Company v. B ritish and Foreign B ® fne. Insurance Company... 37, 260 L im ite d ^ V' Hardwood Company anckelow Steamship Company L im ited v. Lam port and H o lt ... 472
Bremen, T h e ... ' ooq Bntannia, T h e ... 65
Broomfield, The . . . . 194
Burns, The ...424
jne and others v. Palace Steam Shipping Com- Pany ; The Frankly n ... . . . 380, 529 P A G E Cairn Line v. Corporation of the T rin ity House ... 457, 602 Carlisle, The... 287
Challenge, The, and Due d’Aumale... 105
Circe, T h e ... 149
City, T h e ... 370
Clan Cumming, T h e ... 189, 436 Commonwealth, T h e ... 538
Commonwealth Portland Cement Company v. Weber, Lohmann, and Co... 27
Compania Naviera Vascongada v. B urton and Co... 177
Compania Naviera Vascongada v. Churchill and S im ... 177
Craftsman, T he... • 274
Crusader, The ... 353, 442 Darling and Son v. Raeburn and Verel .. 268, 429 Diamond, T h e ... 286
Dovedale, T h e ... 247, 394 Due d’Aumale, The, and Challenge... 105
Elderslie Steamship Company v. Borthw ick .. 24
Elmville, The ... 23
Elswick Steamship Company Lim ited v. Mont- a ld i... ISO Em ilie M illo n , T h e ... 162
Eranklyn, T h e ... 380
Friesland, T h e ... 9
Gaselee v. D arling ; The M illw a ll... 113
Glengariff, T h e ... 103
Oogovale, T h e ... 221, 330 Greenshields Cowie and Co. v. Stephens and Sons ... 597
Guildhall, T h e ... 585
Gulbe and others v. Owners of The Em ilie M illo n 162 Gustafsherg, T h e ... 61
H a d ji A li A kbar and Sons L im ited v. Anglo Arabian and Persian Steamship Company L im ite d ... 307
Harding v. B u s s e ll... ... 50
1Y
M ARITIME LAW CASES.
NAMES OE CASES.
Harvest Home, The ... ig , n s
Hassan v. Runciman and Co. and L o h n e ... 31
Haversham Grange, T h e ... 156
Hibernian, The ... 281, 501 Highland Chief, The ... 390
Hohenzollern, The ... 296
Hopper No. 66, The... 203, 492 Houlder v. W eir ... g l H u tto n v. Ras Steam Shipping Company Lim ited ; The Ras B e ra ... 243, 386 Indra, T he... 296
Inventor, The ... 99
Inrermore, T h e ... 416
Ita lia , The ... 284
James Laing and Sons v. Barclay and Co... 583
James Nelson and Sons L im ited v. Nelson Line (Liverpool) L im ite d ... 265
James Nelson and Sons Lim ited v. Nelson Line (Liverpool) L im ite d ; The Highland C h ie f... 390
James Nelson and Sons Lim ited v. Nelson Line (Liverpool) Lim ited, No. 3 ... 472 (n.) James Westoll, T h e ... 29
Jassy, The ... 278
Johannesburg, T h e ... 402
Joseph Thorley Lim ited v. Orchis Steamship Company L im ited ... 431
Kaiser Wilhelm der Grosse, T h e ... 361, 504 Kate, The ... 347, 520 Koning Willem I L , T h e ... 592
Krüger and Co. v. Moel T rvvan Ship Com pany ... ; ... 320, 416, 465 Langfond, T h e ... 414
Law Guarantee and Trust Society v. Russian Bank for Foreign Trade and others ... 41
Leonis, T h e ... 393
Leonis Steamship Company L im ited v. Joseph Rank Lim ited ; The Leonis... 398
Llo yd (app.) v. Sheen (re sp .)... 75
London, The ... 22 109 London County Council v. General Steam N a v i gation Company L im it e d ... 340
London and India Docks Company v. Thames Steam Tug and Lighterage Company Lim ited 512 Louisa, T h e ... 256
Moel T ryvan Ship Company Lim ited v, K ruger and Co. L im ited ...310, 416, 465 Montgomery v. H u tc h in s ... 223
Nelson Line Lim ited v. James Nelson and Sons Lim ited ... 531
Nelson and Sons Lim ited v. Nelson Line (L iv e r pool) Lim ited ; and Re A rb itra tio n between the same ... 544
Nelson v. Empress Assurance Corporation Lim ited ; Faber, T hird P arty ... 68
Northumbria, The ... 324
Oceanic Steamship Company v. Faber .. 303, 515 Oldhamia, T h e ... 251
Ole B ull, T he... 34
Optima, T h e ... 247
Oravia, The ...200 434 525 Owners of The Albano v. A llan Line Steamship C o m p a n y ... 355
Owners of Steamship Langfond v. Canadian Forwarding and E xport Company... 414
Owners of The Canning v. Owners of The Bellanoch ; The B ellanoch... 483
Owners of the Steamship Oravia v. Owners of the Steamship Nereus and others; The Oravia ... ... 525
Page v. D arling and Gaselee ; The M illw a ll___ 110 Page, Son, and East Lim ited v. London and In d ia Docks Company... 334, 557 Palace Shipping Company v. Caine and others 529 Phillips (app.) v. Born (resp.) ; The Ravens- w o rth ... 231
Poltalloch, T h e ... 255
Queens of the R iver Steamship Company L im ited v. Easton, Gibb, and Co. and the Conservators of the R iver Thames... 542
Racine, T h e ... 300
Rambler, The ... 350
Ras Bera, T h e ... 243, 386 Ravensworth, T h e ... 131
Red Cross, T h e ... 521
Reginald, T h e ... 519
Rex (app.) v. Goldberg (re s p .)... 2
Rex v. Lewis... 270
Ropner and Co. v. Stoate, Hosegood, and Co.. . 32
Rosslyn, The ... 24
Manor, T h e ... 446
Maritime Insurance Company Lim ited v. Alianza Insurance Company of Santander .. 579
Marpessa, T h e ... 197, 232, 464 McDougall and Bonthron Lim ited v. London and India Docks Company... 334, 557 McFadden Brothers and Co. v. Blue Star Line L im it e d ... 55
Mersey Docks and Harbour Board v. Owners of Steamship Marpessa ; The Marpessa, 197, 232, 464 M illw a ll, The ... 15, n o , 113 Minnetonka, T h e ... 142
St. Aubin, T h e ... 298
Scarsdale, The ... 235, 525 Schloss Brothers v. Stephens... 331
Sea Spray, The... 462
Sibery v. C o n n elly... 221, 330 Simpson Steamship Company Lim ited v. Premier U nderwriting Association Lim ite d . . 127
Sir James Laing and Sons Lim ited v. Barclay, Curie and Co. L im ite d ... 583
Sivewright (app.) v. Allen (resp.); The Oldhamia 251 Skipsea, T h e ... 91 Smailes and Son v. Hans Dessen and Co. 225, 319 S m itton v. Orient Steam N avigation Co Lim . 459
NAMES OF CASES.
A kV-°k B ° ard of Trade (app.) v.
B ritish Fire and Marine Insurance Com- o ... 'A -New Zealand v. De Costa and others 227
Bakers Lim ited v. W . Robertson ; he D ia m o n d ... 286 e ®ruks A ktie Bolag v. Hutchison... 138
Cleland’s Graving Dock and Slipway , Sany v- M aritim e Insurance Company and Croshaw... . . . 450 ymons (app.) v_ Baker (re s p .)... 129 Tactician, T h e ... 534 as er and Co. v. A llan Brothers and Co. 281, 501 e^ d C ley ^ team Skipping Company v. Smyth T ita n, The \ \ \ \ \ \ ... 350 Toscana, The ...
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108PAGE
Turner, Brightman, and Co. v. Bannatyne and Sons L im ite d ... 1 Upton Castle, The... 153 Van E ijc k and another v. Somerville and
another ... 263 Velox, The ... 277 Von Freeden v. H u ll, B ly th , and Co. ; G. P.
Turner and Co. and others, T hird Parties ; The Dovedale... 247, 394 W all send, T h e ... 476 Western Belle, T h e ... 279 W h itta ll and Co. v. Rahtken’s Shipping Com
pany Lim ited ... 471 Y u ill and Co. Lim ited v. Scott Robson... 453
S U B J E C T S OF C A S E S
See A C T I O N I N R E M .
, C rd e r— C o llis io n , N o . 12— N ecessaries—
N o . l i A u t h ° n t ie s P ro te c tio n A c t, N o . 1— S alvage,
A D M I R A L T Y C O U R T A C T , 1861.
See C o llis io n , N o . 12— N ecessaries.
P A G * B U N K E R C O A L .
See C a rria g e o f Goods, N o s. 9, 10— L ig h t dues.
C A P T U R E .
See M a r in e In s u ra n c e , N o s. 3, 11— S eam en, N o s . 6, 8.
C A R D I F F D R A I N . A G R E E M E N T .
See S a lva g e , N o s . 1, 2.
Se A P P E A L .
e C o llis io n , N o s . 2, 10. 42— S alvage, N o s . 4, 1 2 - S h ip p in g C a s u a lty .
A P P O R T I O N M E N T . See S a lva g e , N o s . 5, 6, 7.
A P P R A I S E M E N T . See S alvage, N o . 8.
a r b i t r a t i o n c l a u s e. See C h a rte r-p a rty ; N o . 1.
A R R E S T . See C o llis io n , N o . 7.
A R T I C L E S . See Seam en.
See O B A I L .
V is io n , N o . 7— L im it a t io n o f L ia b i li t y , N o . 2.
B A L L A S T .
See C a rria g e o f Goods, N o . 23.
B A R G E . See C o llis io n , N o s . 1, 40.
See . B I L L O F L A D I N G .
t r i a g e o f Goods, N o s . 1 t o 6, 13, 14, 16, 20, 22, 28 29, 31.
B O A R D O F T R A D E I N Q U I R Y . See S h ip p in g C a s u a lty .
B O T H T O B L A M E . See C o llis io n , N o s . 2, 3, 4.
B R I S T O L W H A R F A G E A C T , 1807.
See C o m p u ls o ry P ilo ta g e , N o . 1.
B U I L D I N G C O N T R A C T . See V e n d o r a n d T endee.
See C o llis io n , N o . 13.
C A R R I A G E O F G O O D S .
1. B i l l o f la d in g — D e v ia tio n — T ra n s h ip m e n t — E xce p te d p e r ils — “ L in e r . ” —--Goods w e re s h ip p e d u n d e r a b i l l o f la d in g w h ic h c o n ta in e d th e fo llo w in g p r o v is io n s : “ S h ip p e d a p p a r e n t ly i n g o o d o rd e r . . . o n b o a rd th e s te a m s h ip . . . a n d b o u n d , s u b je c t t o th e lib e r tie s h e r e a fte r m e n tio n e d , f o r L o n d o n . • . w it h lib e r t y . . . t o p ro c e e d t o o r c a ll in a n y o r d e r fo r a n y p u rp o s e a t a n y p o r t o r p o r t s w h a ts o e v e r, a lt h o u g h in a c o n t r a r y d ir e c tio n t o o r o u t o f o r b e y o n d th e o r d in a r y r o u te , a ll o f w h ic h p o r t s s h a ll b e d e e m e d t o be in c lu d e d w it h i n th e in te n d e d v o y a g e . . . a n d to d e v ia te f o r a n y p u rp o s e , w it h l ib e r t y e it h e r b e fo re s h ip m e n t, o r a t a n y p e r io d o f th e v o y a g e , a n d so o fte n as m a y be d e e m e d e x p e d ie n t, a t a n y p o r t o r p la c e , to s h ip th e w h o le o r a n y p a r t b y a n y o th e r s te a m s h ip (w h e th e r b e lo n g in g t o th e c o m p a n y o r n o t ) o r tr a n s h ip o r la n d a n d s to re . . . a n d th e n c e re s h ip o n th e s a id s te a m s h ip o r a n y o th e r s te a m s h ip (w h e th e r b e lo n g in g t o th e c o m p a n y o r n o t ) . . . e ig h ty - e ig h t cases a s a fœ tid a . . . a n d t o be c a rrie d a n d d e liv e re d (s u b je c t to th e e x c e p tio n s , lim it a t io n s , a n d c o n d itio n s h e re in a fte r m e n tio n e d ) in lik e g o o d o rd e r a n d c o n d itio n . . . a t th e p o r t o f L o n d o n o n d e c k a t s h ip p e r ’s r i s k . ” T h e e x c e p te d p e rils in c lu d e d d a m a g e b y p e r ils o f th e seas, r a in , s p ra y . . . . C la u se 16 o f th e c o n d itio n s p r o v id e d : “ S h o u ld th e s h ip f o r a n y ca use w h a te v e r n o t c a ll a t th e p o r t fo r w h ic h th e g o o d s h a v e b e e n s h ip p e d , th e o w n e rs o f th e s h ip a re a t l ib e r t y t o fo r w a r d th e g o o d s fr o m a n y p o r t a t w h ic h th e y m a y c a ll to t h e ir p o r t o f d e s t in a tio n b y a n y s te a m e r o r s te a m e rs , e it h e r o f t h e ir o w n o r a n y o th e r lin e . S h o u ld th e g o o d s f o r a n y cause be fo r w a r d e d b y s te a m e r o f a n y o th e r lin e , s h ip p e rs a n d co n sig n ee s a re t o ’ be b o u n d b y a ll clau se s a n d c o n d itio n s o f th e u s u a l b i l l o f la d in g o f s u c h s te a m e r.” T h e g o o d s w e re d e liv e re d d a m a g e d in L o n d o n . H e l d t h a t th e f a c t t h a t th e v o y a g e t o L o n d o n h a d been a b a n d o n e d a n d th e g o o d s c a rrie d t o C a r d iff a n d th e re tr a n s h ip p e d in t o a s m a ll s te a m e r w h ic h c a rrie d th e m t o L o n d o n d id n o t d e fe a t th e o b je c t o f th e b i l l o f la d in g c o n t r a c t, a n d th e s h ip o w n e rs w e re e n t it le d to r e ly u p o n th e e x c e p tio n s in th e b i l l o f la d in g . T h e w o rd s “ o th e r lin e ” in cla u se 16 o f th e b il l o f la d in g m e a n t m e re ly a n o th e r s te a m e r, a n d n o t. a “ lin e r ” as d is tin g u is h e d fr o m a s m a ll t r a d in g s te a m e r.
( B ig h a m , J . ) H a d j i A l i A k b a r a n d S ons, L im it e d v . A n g lo - A r a b ia n a n d P e rs ia n S te a m s h ip C o m p a n y L im it e d ... 3 2. B i l l o f la d in g — E x c e p tio n s — In c o n s is te n t clauses._
A b i l l o f la d in g c o n ta in e d t ^ o clauses r e la tin g t o
M ARITIM E LAW CASES.
v i i i
SUBJECTS OF CASES.
P AG E e x c e p tio n s . T h e f i r s t p r o v id e d : “ N e ith e r th e s h ip n o r h e r o w n e rs s h a ll be a c c o u n ta b le f o r . a n y loss o r d a m a g e . . . f r o m a n y cause w h a ts o e v e r, w h e th e r e x is t in g a t th e c o m m e n c e m e n t o f th e v o y a g e , o r a t th e tim e o f th e s h ip m e n t o f th e g o o d s o r n o t.* ’ T h e se co n d cla u se , w h ic h w a s p r in t e d in s m a lle r t y p e , e x c e p te d loss o r d a m a g e r e s u ltin g “ fr o m a n y a c c id e n ts to , o r d e fe c ts , l a t e n t o r o th e rw is e , in h u l l . o r o th e rw is e , w h e th e r o r n o t e x is t in g a t th e t im e o f th e g o o d s b e in g lo a d e d o r a t th e c o m m e n c e m e n t o f th e v o y a g e . . . i f re a s o n a b le m e a n s h a v e b ee n ta k e n to p r o v id e a g a in s t su c h d e fe c ts a n d u n s e a w o rth in e s s .” A c a rg o o f fro z e n m e a t w a s s h ip p e d u n d e r th e b i l l o f la d in g , a n d in th e c o u rs e o f th e v o y a g e i t w as d a m a g e d b y c a r b o lic a c id w h ic h h a d b ee n u s e d to d is in fe c t th e vessel a f t e r c a r r y in g a c a rg o o f horse s. I f re a s o n a b le c a re h a d b ee n ta k e n to clea n se th e s h ip fr o m th e t & in t o f c a r b o lic a c id b e fo re th e m e a t w as s h ip p e d th e i n j u r y w o u ld n o t h a v e o c c u rre d . H e ld ( a ffir m in g th e ju d g m e n t o f th e c o u r t b e lo w ), t h a t t h e se co n d cla u se m u s t b e re a d as q u a lif y in g th e g ê n e ra i e x c e p tio n c o n ta in e d in th e f i r s t cla u se , a n d t h a t th e o w n e r w a s n o t e x e m p te d fr o m l i a b i l i t y f o r d a m a g e ca u se d b y th e c o n d itio n o f th e ve ssel. ( H , o f L . ) E ld e r s l i t S te a m s h ip C o m p a n y v . B o r t h w i c k ... 24 3. B i l l o f la d in g — “ Good o rd e r a n d c o n d itio n ” —
D u t y o f m a ste r.— A m a s te r o f a s h ip is e x p e c te d to n o tic e th e a p p a r e n t c o n d itio n , th o u g h n o t th e q u a l i t y , o f g o o d s s h ip p e d o n h is ve ssel. T h e a d d it io n o f th e w o rd s “ q u a l i t y a n d m e a s u re u n k n o w n ” in a b i l l o f la d in g d o n o t in e ffe c t s tr ik e o u t th e w o rd s “ g o o d o r d e r a n d c o n d it io n . ”
“ C o n d itio n ” re fe rs t o e x te r n a l a n d a p p a r e n t c o n d itio n ; “ q u a l i t y ” t o t h a t w h ic h is n o t u s u a lly a p p a r e n t, a t a n y r a te , t o a n u n s k ille d p e rs o n . (C h a n n e ll, J . ) C o m p a ñ ía N a v ie r a V a sco ng a da v . C h u r c h ill a n d S im ; C o m p a ñ ía N a v ie r a V a sco n g ad a v . B u r to n a n d Co... ... 177 4. B i l l o f la d in g — Good o rd e r a n d c o n d itio n ” —
D u t y o f M a s te r.— T h o u g h a c h a r t e r - p a r t y p ro v id e s a fo r m o f th e b i l l o f la d in g to b e u se d w h ic h c o n ta in s th e w o rd s “ s h ip p e d in g o o d o rd e r a n d c o n d itio n ” a n d “ q u a l i t y a n d m e a s u re u n k n o w n ” th e m a s te r is n o t b o u n d t o m a k e a n u n t r u e s ta te m e n t i n th e b ills o f la d in g . (C h a n n e ll, J .) C o m p a ñ ía N a v ie r a V asco ng a da v . C h u r c h ill a n d S i m ; C o m p a ñ ía N a v ie r a V a sco ng a da v . JB u r to n a n d C o... 177 5. B i l l o f la d in g — In d o rs e e — A w a r d .— W h e re a n
in d o rs e e , a c tin g o n th e f a i t h o f a n u n t r u e s ta te m e n t m a d e b y a m a s te r in a b i l l o f la d in g , łia s t a k e n d e liv e r y o f d a m a g e d g o o d s n o t in a c c o rd a n c e w it h h is c o n t r a c t w it h th e s h ip p e rs , a fo r e ig n s o lv e n t f i r m , a n d has o b ta in e d a n a w a rd a g a in s t th e m in ro s p e o t o f th e d e p r e c ia tio n o f th e g o o d s, i t is n o t n e c e s s a ry f o r th e in d o rs e e t o su e o n th e a w a rd b e fo re s u in g th e s h ip o w n e r.
(C h a n n e ll, J . ) C o m p a n ia N a v ie r a Vascongada v , C h u r c h ill a n d S im ; C o m p a n ia N a v ie r a V ascon
g ad a v . B u r to n a n d C o... 177 6. C h a rte r-p a rty — C le a n h ills o f la d in g — N eg lig e n ce
clause— L i a b i l i t y o f C h a rte re rs .— T h e re s p o n d e n ts c h a rte re d a s h ip to th e a p p e lla n ts b y a c h a r t e r- p a r t y w h ic h c o n ta in e d a n e x c e p tio n fr o m l i a b i l i t y fr o m a c c id e n ts o f n a v ig a tio n e v e n w h e n o c c a sio n e d b y n e g lig e n c e . I t a lso p r o v id e d t h a t th e m a s te r s h o u ld s ig n c le a n b ills o f la d in g a t a n y r a te o f fr e ig h t w it h o u t p r e ju d ic e t o th e c h a r t e r - p a r ty . T h e s h ip lo a d e d a c a rg o in a fo re ig n p o r t , a n d th e c h a rte re rs ’ a g e n ts p re s e n te d f o r s ig n a tu r e t o th e m a s te r b ills o f la d in g w h ic h d id n o t c o n t a in th e n e g lig e n c e clau se , b u t c o n ta in e d a cla u se “ fr e ig h t . . . a n d a ll o th e r c o n d itio n s as p e r c h a r te r- p a r t y . ” T h e m a s te r s ig n e d b ills o f la d in g in th is fo r m , a n d in th e co u rse o f th e v o y a g e th e s h ip w a s t o t a l l y lo s t t h r o u g h th e n e g lig e n c e o f th e m a s te r. T h e o w n e rs th e re u p o n b e ca m e lia b le t o th e in d o rse e s o f th e b ills o f la d in g , a n d b r o u g h t a n a c tio n a g a in s t th e c h a rte re rs f o r b re a c h o f d u t y , a n d o n a n im p lie d c o n t r a c t to in d e m n if y th e m . H e ld ( a ffir m in g th e j u d g m e n t o f th e c o u r t b e lo w ),
PAGE t h a t th e c h a rte re rs h a d c o m m it te d a b re a c h o f c o n t r a c t in p r e s e n tin g f o r s ig n a tu r e b ills o f la d in g w h ic h im p o s e d a g r e a te r l i a b i l i t y o n th e s h ip o w n e rs th a n t h a t im p o s e d b y th e c h a r t e r - p a r t y a n d t h a t t h e y w e re lia b le to in d e m n if y th e s h ip o w n e rs f o r th e loss w h ic h th e y h a d t h e r e b y in c u r r e d . (H o u s e o f L o rd s .) K r u g e r a n d Co. v . M o e l T r y v a n S h ip C o m p a n y ... 3 10 . 4 1 6 , 466 7. C h a rte r-p a rty — D e m u rra g e — L a y d a y s — L ie n —
L a n d in g o f cargo. — T h e co nsig n ee s o f a c a rg o , la d e n u n d e r a c h a r t e r - p a r t y w h ic h p r o v id e d t h a t th e c a rg o s h o u ld be d is c h a rg e d “ i n th e m a n n e r a n d a t th e r a te c u s to m a ry a t e a ch p o r t , ” d id n o t ta k e a n y ste p s b e fo re th e a r r iv a l o f th e s h ip t o se cu re a n u n lo a d in g b e r th . W h e n th e ve ssel a r r iv e d , a ll th e u s u a l p la c e s f o r u n lo a d in g s u c h a c a rg o w e re o c c u p ie d ; b u t , a f t e r a d e la y o f e ig h t d a y s , th e d is c h a rg e w a s c o m m e n c e d a t a p la c e n o t b e fo re u se d f o r th e p u rp o s e . A u s u a l p la c e c o u ld n o t h a v e b ee n s e c u re d a n y e a r lie r i f th e c o n signees h a d a p p lie d b e fo re th e a r r iv a l o f th e s h ip . A f t e r th e d is c h a rg e h a d c o m m e n c e d , th e s h ip o w n e rs re fu s e d to c o n tin u e th e d is c h a rg e u n t i l th e f r e ig h t w a s p a id ; a n d , a f t e r a d e la y o f e ig h t d a y s , th e c a rg o w a s la n d e d s u b je c t t o a lie n f o r f r e ig h t a n d d e m u rra g e , u n d e r th e p r o v is io n s o f th e M e r c h a n t S h ip p in g A c t 1894. C h a n n e ll, J ., h e ld t h a t th e s h ip o w n e rs w e re e n t it le d to s u b s ta n t i a l d a m a g e s f o r th e e a r lie r d e la y , a n d to d e m u r ra g e a t th e a g re e d r a te f o r th e l a t e r d e la y . H e ld , ( v a r y in g th e ju d g m e n t o f C h a n n e ll, J . ) , (1 ) t h a t th e s h ip o w n e rs w e re e n t it le d o n ly t o n o m in a l d a m a g e s f o r th e e a r lie r d e la y ; a n d (2 ) t h a t th e y h a d in th e c irc u m s ta n c e s o f th e case a c te d re a s o n a b ly in n o t la n d in g th e c a rg o s u b je c t t o lie n a t a n e a r lie r d a te t h a n t h e y d id , a n d w e re , th e re fo re , e n t it le d t o d e m u rra g e f o r a ll th e l a t t e r d e la y . T h e C o u r t o f A p p e a l e xp re sse d n o o p in io n u p o n th e p o i n t o f la w d e c id e d b y C h a n n e ll, J . , u p o n th e c o n s t r u c tio n o f sects. 493 a n d 4 9 4 o f th e M e r c h a n t S h ip p in g A c t 1894 : (1 0 A s p . M a r. L a w Cas. 2 2 5 ; 94 L . T . R e p . 4 9 2 ). ( C t . o f A p p . ) S m a ile s a n d S o n v . H a n s Dessen a n d C o... 2 2 5 , 319 8. C h a rte r-p a rty — D e m u rra g e — S trik e s — L a y d ^ y s —
D is c h a rg e o f ca rgo .— A c h a r t e r - p a r t y p r o v id e d f o r th e d is c h a rg e o f c a rg o “ a t th e a v e ra g e r a te o f 600 to n s p e r d a y . . . S u n d a y s a n d h o lid a y s e x c e p te d ,” a n d t h a t “ s tr ik e s . . . w h ic h p r e v e n t o r d e la y th e d is c h a rg in g , s u c h tim e is n o t t o c o u n t u n le ss th e s te a m e r is a lre a d y o n d e m u r ra g e .” T h e la y d a y s b e g a n o n th e 2 1 s t D e c . ; a t th e e n d o f S a tu r d a y , th e 3 1 s t D e c ., a s t r ik e c o m m e n c e d , a n d c o n tin u e d u n t i l th e 1 5 th J a n . N o d is c h a rg e t o o k p la c e o n S u n d a y , th e 1 st J a n . , o r M o n d a y , th e 2 n d J a n . , b u t re c o m m e n c e d o n th e 3 rd J a n . a n d fin is h e d o n th e 1 5 th J a n . O n ly h a l f th e c a rg o w as d is c h a rg e d b y th e e n d o f th e 3 1 s t D e c .— th e a v e ra g e r a te b e in g a b o u t 2 60 to n s a d a y — th r o w in g th e ve ssel in t o th e s t r ik e p e rio d . H a d th e re b ee n n o s t r ik e th e la y d a y s w o u ld h a v e e x p ir e d b y th e 3 rd J a n . , a n d a llo w in g f o r s t r ik e b y th e 4 t h J a n . I n a n a c tio n f o r d e m u rra g e h o ld , th e d ila to r in e s s i n d. c h a rg e re n d e re d i t im p o s s ib le t o d is c h a rg e w it h i n th e la y d a y s , e v e n i f th e re h a d been n o s tr ik e . T h e e xcu se o f a s t r ik e c o u ld n o t be re lie d o n , e x c e p t in r e fe r ence t o th e d is c h a rg e o f th e s m a ll b a la n c e o f c a rg o w h ic h , a s s u m in g t h a t th e r a te o f d is c h a rg e h a d b ee n o n th e a v e ra g e o f 500 to n s p e r d a y , w o u ld , b y re a s o n o f th e s tr ik e , be s l ig h t l y o u t o f tim e . ( B ig h a m , J . ) E ls w ic k S te a m s h ip C o m p a n y L im it e d v. M o n t a ld i ... 456 9. C h a rte r-p a rty — “ F u l l a n d com plete cargo ” —
B u n k e r coals.— A c h a r t e r - p a r t y p r o v id e d t h a t a s te a m e r s h o u ld lo a d “ a f u l l a n d c o m p le te c a rg o . . . n o t e x c e e d in g w h a t sh e c a n r e a s o n a b ly s to w a n d c a r r y o v e r h e r ta c k le , a p p a re l, p ro v is io n s , a n d f u r n it u r e , ” a n d p ro c e e d to a c e r ta in p o r t a n d “ th e re lig h te n a t re c e iv e r’s e x p e n s e as m u c h o f th e c a rg o as m a y b e fo u n d n e c e s s a ry t o a llo w a s te a m e r t o e n te r, a t a ll tim e s o f h ig h w a t e r , s u c h p o r t . ” T h e c h a rte re rs lig h te n e d c a rg o a t a p o r t in a n t ic ip a t io n o f d if f i c u l t y in g e t t in g in t o th e n e x t p o r t . T h e s h ip o w n e rs th e n lo a d e d a la r g e r a m o u n t o f b u n k e r c o a l t h a n w a s
SUBJECTS OF CASES.
r © q u ire d f o r th e c h a r te re d v o y a g e , n e c e s s ita tin g a se co n d lig h te n in g o u ts id e th e p o r t o f d is c h a rg e .
^ © Id t h a t th e s h ip o w n e rs h a d b ro k e n t h e ir co n - r a c t » a n d t h a t th e c h a rte re rs w e re e n t it le d to re c o v e r th e e xpe n se s o f th e se co n d lig h te n in g fr o m
> s h ip o w n e rs , t o w h o m th e sa m e h a d b een p a id A^ e r^Pr ° t e s t . D e c is io n o f K e n n e d y , J . (1 0 A sp .
268 ; 95 L . T . R e p . 108) a ffirm e d . A/r F* widest.
M a r. L a w Cas.
R a e b u rn a n d 268, 429 F e re ? * A p p *) D a r lin g a n d S o n v .
C h a rte r-p u rty — “ F u l l a n d com plete cargo ” — u n k e r c o a l.— A s h ip o w n e r is n o t e n t it le d to lo a d
° d is a d v a n ta g e o f th e c h a r t e re r m o re b u n k e r c ° a l th a n is re a s o n a b ly n e c e s s a ry f o r th e p e r fo r-
° f th e v o y a g e . (C t. o f A p p .) D a r lin g n d S o n v . R a e b u rn a n d V e r e l ... 2 68, 429
^ '^ C h a rte r p a r t y — L a y d a y s — S u n d a y s a n d h o lid a y s C o n d itio n precedent— D is p a tc h m o n e y .— B y a n p p ’e e m e n t f o r th e c a rria g e o f fro z e n m e a t fr o m th e iv e r P la te t o L iv e r p o o l i t w as a g re e d t h a t , f o r p e rio d o f o n e y e a r, th e s h ip o w n e rs s h o u ld p r o v id e tw o - w e e k ly s e rv ic e o f s h ip s , s a ilin g a t in t e r v a ls f i l l :? u r.fceen d a y s , a n d t h a t th e c h a rte re rs s h o u ld th e in s u la tin g c h a m b e rs w it h fro z e n m e a t. H e ld , y a u g h a n W illia m s a n d B u c k le y , L . J J . th ° u ^t o n » L . J . d is s e n tin g ), t h a t , u p o n th e te rm s o f 0 6 a8 re e m e n t, th e e x a c t o b s e rv a n c e b y th e s h ip -
^ w n e rs o f th e p e r io d o f a fo u r te e n d a y s in t e r v a l -e tw e e n e a ch s h ip w as n o t a c o n d itio n p re c e d e n t
? th e d u t y o f th e c h a rte re rs t o lo a d w i t h i n th e had6 i f ^ re e d u p o n a f t e r a s h ip ’ s re a d in e s s t o lo a d I ®®e n n o t if ie d t o th e m , a n d n o n -o b s e rv a n c e f i t i ®a v e r *se a c la im f o r d a m a g e s . I t w as d a a gr ©ed t h a t “ s e v e n w e a th e r w o r k in g b e ^ u (S u n d a y s a n d h o lid a y s e x c e p te d ) ” s h o u ld 0 £ ah ° w e d fo r lo a d in g , a n d t h a t an a g re e d a m o u n t to T ? P a t ° k m o n e y w a s to be p a id b y th e o w n e rs : i 6 c h a rte re rs “ f o r e a ch c le a r d a y s a v e d loa rT aC^ n ^ ’ ” c h a rte re rs d id p a r t o f th e e v . ^ ln g a s h ip o n t w o h o lid a y s , b u t th e r e w a s n o
1 e n c © o f a n y e x p re s s a g re e m e n t u n d e r w h ic h t i 61° a d in g w a s 80 c a r r ie d o n , n o r a t w h o se sugges- a ? to o k p la c e . H e ld , b y V a u g h a n W illia m s t h a t r?u c k le y» L . J J . ( M o u lto n , L . J . d is s e n tin g ), D , . here w as a ti im p lie d a g re e m e n t b e tw e e n th e P 1tie s t h a t th e se tw o h o lid a y s s h o u ld be c o u n te d T h ^ o r k l n g d a y s ” w i t h i n th e c h a r t e r - p a r ty , t h f f c h a r te re rs lo a d e d a s h ip in t w o d a y s less t h a n c h a ^ U m ^ e r la y d a y s t h a t w e re a llo w e d b y th e H r m eI ' P a r ty» o n e ° f s u c h d a y s b e in g a S u n d a y . /at ’ h y V a u g h a n W illia m s a n d B u c k le y , L . J J . n o t U i j ° n ’ ^ . J . d is s e n tin g ), t h a t th e S u n d a y w as
c h a d a *^ ** s a v e d in lo a d in g ” w h ic h e n t it le d th e lo v )T Q /Gra t o .h© p a id d is p a tc h m o n e y . B ra n c k e - s te a m s h ip C o m p a n y v . L a m p o r t a n d H o lt oP ‘ M a r - L a w Cas. 4 7 2 ( 1 8 9 7 ) ; 96 L . T . G / J i'j 8 8 6 n * ; ( 190 7) 1 K . B . 7 87n .) a n d T h e R « Z aV I (7 A s P- M a r. L a w Cas. 4 3 9 ; 70 L . T .
>7 (1 89 3 P . 2 6 9 ) a p p ro v e d . (C t. o f ( ¿ iv ' ^ !e^sor}' a n d S o n s L im it e d v . N e ls o n L in e e rp o o l) L im it e d ; a n d R e A r b it r a t io n between s a m e ...
d u n ^ L rie r'V ar t y — “ S u n d a y s a n d h o lid a y s ” — L a y s h o n M A c h a r t e r - p a r t y p r o v id e d
544
ve ssel o k” , , * w jr - p a r ty p r o v id e d t n a t a v t C h a t p ro c e e d “ to S m y r n a a n d th e r e lo a d . (8 ) a d d v e re rf k ° h a v e th e o p t io n o f u s in g o n e o r tw o
« lo n a l n e ig h b o u r in g lo a d in g p o r t s o r p la ce s t i m m ^ f . ^ a d is t r ic t , p a y in g a ll p o r t c h a rg e s , a n d Th¡r*f s h d t m g p o r t s t o c o u n t as la y d a y s . (9) c e n t « ? 11 r u n n in g d a y s , S u n d a y s a n d h o lid a y s e x - th e c * a re t0 ^® a P o w e d * • • f ° r lo a d in g is m a rS ° * ‘ ’ t o c o m m e n c e w h e n th e s te a m e r a n d ° o re d a n d r e a d y , h a v in g re c e iv e d p r a t iq u e ,
■em», ° r © p o rte d b y th e m a s te r, a n d th e tim e so arrrftpH^K ’ J?a r * d a y s t o c o u n t as p a r t d a y s t o be a e e n f >> m a s i'e r a n d th e c h a rte re rs , o r t h e ir r a te % S ? i'h a t th e d e m u rra g e s h o u ld be a t th e S m v Pe r d a y . T h e ve ssel a r r iv e d a t i n t o * ? a n d w as o rd e re d b y th e a u t h o r itie s opd^ i 1® q u a r a n tin e s ta tio n . T h e ve ssel w as thp, ~ to Pr °c© ed to a n e ig h b o u r in g p o r t w h e n P r a t ^ U ara i 1i in e w as h u s h e d . O n r e c e iv in g fre e c h n r f T Je ’ , ve ssel P ro ce e d e d as o rd e re d . T h e o n a ^ r e r j a §eh ts re q u e s te d lo a d in g to be d o n e u n d a y . S u c h w o r k w a s d o n e u p to 2 p .m .
P A G E F r o m 2 p .m . t i l l 9 a .m . o n th e n e x t m o r n in g (M o n d a y ) w as o c c u p ie d in s h if t i n g b a c k to S m y rn a . H e ld , t h a t th e tim e o c c u p ie d in s h if t i n g fr o m S m y r n a t o th e n e ig h b o u r in g p o r t a n d b a c k a g a in c o u n te d in th e l a y d a y s . I n th e s e c ir c u m s ta n c e s w h e re a re q u e s t t o w o r k o n a S u n d a y o r h o lid a y , s u c h d a y s b e in g e x c lu d e d fr o m th e la y d a y s b y th e c h a r t e r - p a r t y , w a s m a d e b y th e c h a r te re r a n d c o n s e n te d t o b y th e c a p t a in th e in fe re n c e is t h a t th e p a r tie s a g re e d t o t r e a t s u c h a d a y as a la y d a y . T h e re b e in g n o in d ic a t io n o f th e i n t e n t io n o f th e p a r tie s b e y o n d th e fa c t m e r e ly t h a t b y th e c o n s e n t o f b o t h w o r k w as d o n e o n a S u n d a y o r h o lid a y th e in fe re n c e is t h a t th e y in te n d e d to t r e a t s u c h d a y s w o r k e d o n as la y d a y s . B ra n c k e lo w S te a m s h ip C o m p a n y v . L a m p o r t a n d H o lt a n d J a m e s N e ls o n a n d S o n s L im it e d v . N e ls o n L in e (L iv e r p o o l) L im ite d (N o . 3), p . 472, N o te s a a n d b, fo llo w e d . ( B r a y , J . ) W h it t a ll a n d Co. v . R a h tk e n ’ s S h ip p in g Co. L i m i t e d ... 471 13. C o n v e rs io n — P a s s in g o f p ro p e rty — M e a s u re of
dam ages.— H ., th e d e fe n d a n t, w a s a s h ip o w n e r, a n d L . lo a d e d a q u a n t i t y o f b a r le y o n h is s h ip a n d re c e iv e d b ills o f la d in g . T h e s h ip w a s u n a b le to lo a d th e w h o le o f th e b a r le y a n d L . a g re e .1 t o in d e m n if y th e h o ld e r o f th e b ills
o f la d in g . O n e b il l o f la d in g ca m e in t o th e h a n d s o f B ., w h o h a n d e d i t t o M ., a n d M . a d v a n c e d 5 0 5 7 1. 1 6s. 4 d . u p o n i t . M . re c e iv e d less t h a n th e q u a n t i t y o f b a r le y c o v e re d b y h is b i l l o f Ja d in g , as th e h o ld e rs o f th e o th e r b ills to o k d e liv e r y f ir s t fr o m th e a g e n ts o f H . , a n d h e c a lle d u p o n B . to m a k e g o o d th e d e fic ie n c y , w h ic h he d id b y m a k in g c e r ta in p a y m e n ts a n d d e liv e r in g so m e b a r le y . M . s o ld th e b a r le y , a n d re n d e re d B . a n a c c o u n t s h o w in g a b a la n c e r e m a in in g d u e o n th e tr a n s a c t io n fr o m B . o f 121. Is . 9d. A ft e r w a r d s B . fa ile d , o w in g M . so m e 1651Z. H e ld , t h a t , as b e tw e e n M . a n d H . , th e s h ip o w n e r, M . h a d th e f u l l p r o p e r t y in t h e b a r le y c o v e re d b y h is b i l l o f la d in g , a n d t h a t H . h a d b e e n g u i l t y o f a c o n v e rs io n , b u t t h a t M . c o u ld o n ly r e c o v e r 121. Is . 9 d. as d a m a g e s , a n d n o t t h e v a lu e o f th e c o n v e r te d b a r le y . ( B r a y , J .) M o n tg o m e ry v . H u t c h i n s ... 2 l:3 14. C u sto m — D e m u rra g e — R ate o f d isch a rg e — P o r t o f
B r is t o l. — A b i l l o f la d in g ( in c o r p o r a t in g c o n d itio n s o f a c h a r t e r - p a r t y ) p r o v id e d “ T im e f o r d is c h a rg in g a t d e s t in a tio n s h a ll be a c c o rd in g t o th e c u s to m o f th e p o r t f o r s te a m e rs a t p o r t o f d is c h a rg e , d e m u rra g e , i f in c u r r e d , t o be p a id b y co n sig n ee s a t th e r a te o f fo u rp e n c e s te r lin g p e r gross re g is te r t o n p e r d a y .” A n a lle g e d c u s to m w a s s e t u p to t h e e ffe c t t h a t th e c o n sig n e e c o u ld n o t be re q u ir e d t o ta k e d e liv e r y a t a fa s te r r a te th a n a b o u t 5 00 to n s p e r d a y a t th e p o r t o f B r is t o l f o r R iv e r P la te g r a in ca rgo e s. A ve ssel d is c h a rg e d a g r a in c a rg o , u n d e r th e a b o v e b il l o f la d in g , a t A v o n m o u th D o c k , B r is t o l. T h e a lle g e d c u s to m h a d been a m a t t e r o f d is p u te f o r y e a rs . T h e f a c ilitie s o f d is c h a rg e as re g a rd s h ip s a n d th e th re e d o c k s in th e p o r t o f B r is t o l h a d in c re a s e d s in c e th e o r ig in o f th e a lle g e d c u s to m . T h e r a te o f d is c h a rg e , in fa c t, w as o fte n in excess o f 5 0 0 to n s p e r d a y . H e ld , t h a t n o s u c h c u s to m n o w e x is te d a t B r is t o l f o r g r a in s te a m e rs g e n e ra lly o r f o r R iv e r P la te g r a in s te a m e rs . T h e c h a r t e r - p a r t y m u s t be re a d as
“ c u s to m , i f a n y , a t th e p o r t o f d is c h a rg e .” T h e c u s to m w a s in a p p lic a b le to th e s ta te o f th in g s a t p re s e n t e x is t in g , a n d th e re w a s n o s u c h s e ttle d a n d e s ta b lis h e d p r a c tic e in th e p o r t as t o s a tis fy th e w o rd s o f th e c h a r t e r - p a r ty . I f th e c u s to m a p p lie d t o th e a lte re d c irc u m s ta n c e s , i t w a r u n re a s o n a b le . (C h a n n e ll, J . ) R o p n e r a n d Co.
v . S to a te y Hosegoody a n d Co... 32 15. C u s to m — R ate o f d isch a rg e .— W h e re a c u s to m
re la te s d ir e c t ly to th e o b lig a t io n o f p a r tie s u n d e r c e r ta in c irc u m s ta n c e s i t m u s t, in o rd e r t o be v a lid a n d b in d in g o n p a rtie s w h o d o n o t k n o w o f its e x is te n c e , be re a s o n a b le . C o n tr a c t in g o u t o f a c u s to m m a y b e co m e so g e n e ra l as t o d e s tr o y th e c u s to m . W h e n a c u s to m b ecom es th e e x c e p tio n a n d n o t th e ru le , th e re is n o lo n g e r a c u s to m . (C h a n n e ll, J . ) R o p n e r a n d Co. v . S to a te , H ose- good, a n d Co... 32
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M ARITIM E LAW CASES.
SUBJECTS OF CASES.
16; M« ' T a?e % ™ r g o - B i l l o f la d in g — U nsea w o rth in e s s — A eqhgence cla u se .— W h e re a b i l l o f la d in g c o n ta in e d th e w o rd s “ a ll o th e r c o n d itio n s as p e r c h a r t e r - p a r t y , in c lu d in g n e g lig e n c e c la u s e ,”
a n d th e c h a r t e r - p a r t y s ta te d t h a t “ th e s te a m e r is rn n o w a y lia b le f o r th e co nse q u en ce s o f p e r ils o f th e seas, c o llis io n s , & e „ e v e n w h e n 'o e c a s - s io n e d b y th e n e g lig e n c e o f th e m a s te r m a r in e r o r o th e r s e rv a n ts o f th e s h ip o w n e r . . N e ith e r is th e s te a m e r a n s w e ra b le f o r losses ¿ cca sio n e d
? £ .. ’ ’ I . u n s e a w ° rth m e s s o r l a t e n t d e fe c t in h u l l , m a c h in e r y , o r a p p u rte n a n c e s , w h e th e r e x is t in g o r n o t b e fo re o r a f t e r th e c o m m e n c e m e n t
” 0 t r e s u Itm g f ™ » w a n t o f d u e d ih g e n c e b y th e o w n e rs o f th e s te a m e r, o r b y th e s h ip s h u s b a n d o r m a n a g e r . . . ” . I t w a s h e ld m a n a c tio n f o r d a m a g e t o c a rg o t h a t th e b i l l o f la d in g in c o r p o r a t e d th e w h o le o f th e a b o v e cla u se
" ‘ h(0 cb air t e r - p a r t y . a n d th e re fo re th e s h ip o w n e r 2 * . h a b 0 f o r “ « s e a w o rth in e s s u n le ss i t
o f d u e d iu g e n c e - ( D i - c t - > . . . l l . D am a g e to cargo— F i r e — U n s e a w o rth in e ss—
M o b i l it y o f s h ip o w n e r.— W h e re a c a rg o w as d a m a g e d b y fir e ca u se d b y th e n e g lig e n c e o f th e c re w m o v e r h e a tin g a s to v e , a n d b y s m o k e a n d w a t e r u s e d t o e x tin g u is h th e f i r e : I t w a s h e ld
‘ " 7 tn e s h ip o w n e r w a s re lie v e d f r o m l i a b i l i t y b y A c t ] sox’ t h 0 t; i ’ ? f th e M e ro h a « t S h ip p in g i f n r i n e r l ® t h a t t h c StoVe ™ S a fi i f p r o p e r ly u s e d , a n d th e s h ip o w n e r w a s n o t in fu r th e r * t h n t T h ut 0 t h ® c re w ’s n e g lig e n c e . H e ld , f u r t h e r , t h a t th e d a m a g e ca use d b y th e s m o k e a n d r ™ “ 8» « t o e x tin g u is h th e fir e w as d a m a g e “ b y ( A d m i) fv rei o l , r th B « w a n in g o f th e s ta tu te S , l v -> <™d B a k e rs U n it e d , v .
18. D a m a g e to cargo— U n s e a w o rth in e s s — P e r ils o f Z \ 8: a ~ 0 ^ o f p ro o f.— I n a n a c tio n f o r d a m a g e
0 et ’ ‘ f i * 16 s h lP ° w n e r m a k e s o u t a p r im a fa cie case o f p e r ils o f th e sea, th e b u rd e n o f p r o v in g t h a t th e s h ip o w n e r is n o t e n t it le d t o th e b e n e fit o t th e e x c e p tio n o n th e g r o u n d o f u n s e a w o rth in e s s N b ' 6 0 a rg ° o w n e r. (A d m . D iv . ) T h e
314 . D a m a g e to goods— U n s e a w o rth in e ss— In s u ra n c e .
Uroods w e re s h ip p e d o n b o a rd a ve ssel u n d e r a n i w b lc h p r o v id e d t h a t th e s h ip o w n e r n o t be lia b le “ f o r u n s e a w o rth in e s s , S ic - a “ a 1 .re a s ° n a b le m e a n s h a v e b ee n ta k e n t o p r o v id e a g a in s t u n s e a w o rth in e s s ,” o r “ f o r a n y d a m a g e o r d e t r im e n t t o th e g o o d s w h ic h is c a p a b le w h e n “ 8 co.v e re d b y in s u ra n c e o r w h ic h h a s been
° r p a r t p a jd f o r b y in s u ra n c e .” T h e W 6re d a i« ag f d o w in g t o th e s h ip b e in g a t th e enc®m e " t o f th e v o y a g e u n f i t t o c a r r y th e ta fe fn f d a11 re a s ° n a b le m e a n s h a d n o t been ta k e n to p r e v e n t s u c h u n fitn e s s . T h e o w n e r o f th e g o o d s w a s p a r t l y in s u re d , a n d h a d b ee n p a id l a f f i r "f ° U r*h S ? f -,h is loss b y th e in s u re rs . H e ld ( a ffir m in g th e ju d g m e n t o f B r a y , J . ), t h a t th e s h ip o w n e r w a s n o t e x e m p t f r o m l i a b i l i t y , a lt h o u g h th e d a m a g e h a d b ee n i n p a r t p a id f o r b y in s u ra n c e o n th e g r o u n d t h a t th e loss w a s ca u se d b y th e s h ip b e in g a t th e c o m m e n c e m e n t o f th e v o y a g e u n f it m r 7 t h e g i w S' (C t. o f A p p . ) J a m e s N e ls o n
T h e H ig h la n d C U ™ . ' 390
20. D e v ia tio n — B i l l o f la d in g — E x c e p tio n s — N e g li-
° ! * teved°re s-— I t a s h ip d e v ia te s w it h o u t n e c e s s ity fr o m th e v o y a g e c o n te m p la te d b y a b i l l o t la d in g , th e s h ip o w n e r h as f a ile d t o p e r f o r m th e b i l l o f la d in g c o n t r a c t, a n d s u c h d e v ia tio n d e p riv e s f ' l i f ° / ,*«?. b e n e fit o f e x c e p tio n s c o n ta in e d in th e b i l l o f la d in g f o r h is r e lie f f r o m l i a b i l i t y f o r th e n e g lig e n c e o f s te v e d o re s in th e d is c h a r g in g o f th e ip , a n d h e w i l l be lia b le f o r d a m a g e ca u se d to th e c a rg o b y th e n e g lig e n c e o f h is s te v e d o re s in d is c h a r g in g i t , a lt h o u g h s u c h d a m a g e w a s in n o w a y a t t r i b u t a b l e t o th e d e v ia tio n . (C t. o f A p p ) J o s e p h T h o rle y L im it e d v . O rc h is S te a m s h ip C o m
- D is c h a rg e — R ate o f— L o n d o n C o rn T ra d e A sso - c ia h o n C o n tra c t.— T h e L o n d o n C o rn T ra d e A s s o c ia -
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21 431
t i o n C o n tr a c t , w h ic h w a s in c o r p o r a t e d i n a c h a r t e r - p a r ty , p r o v id e d t h a t th e t im e f o r d is c h a rg e o f a c a rg o o f g r a in s h o u ld be : “ O n e r u n n in g d a y f o r e v e r y 4 0 0 to n s u p t o 2 80 0 to n s , a n d , f o r a ll q u a n titie s in excess, 5 0 0 to n s p e r d a y ; b u t in n o case less t h a n fiv e d a y s .” H e ld ( a ffir m in g th e j u d g m e n t o f W a lto n , J . ) , t h a t , u p o n th e tr u e c o n s t r u c tio n o f th e c o n t r a c t, th e tim e t o be a llo w e d f o r d is c h a rg e o f a c a rg o , w h a te v e r its size, w a s o n e d a y f o r e v e r y 4 0 0 to n s u p t o 2 8 0 0 to n s a" d < ? e d a y f o r e v e r y 6 0 0 to n s in excess o f 2 80 0 to n s , a n d n o t o n o d a y f o r e v e r y 5 0 0 to n s a s s u m in g th e t o t a l c a rg o t o e xce e d 2 80 0 to n s . (C t o f A p p ) T u r n e r , B r ig h tm a n , a n d Co. v . B a n n a ', ty n e a n d S o n s L i m i t e d ...
2 2. E s to p p e l— “ Good o rd e r a n d c o n d itio n ” — In d o rs e e — B i l l o f la d in g — H a r t e r A c t.— T h e w o rd s s f o p p e d m g o o d o rd e r a n d c o n d i t i o n ” in a b i l l o f la d in g a re n o t w o rd s o f c o n t r a c t in th e sense o f a p ro m is e , b u t a re in th e n a tu r e o f a n a f fir m a tio n o f fa c t. S u c h s ta te m e n t is w it h i n th e m a s te r s a u t h o r i t y a n d b in d s th e s h ip o w n e r. W h e re g o o d s a re s h ip p e d in a p p a r e n t d a m a g e d c o n d itio n , a n d th e b i l l o f la d in g s ta te s t h a t t h e y a re s h ip p e d i n g o o d o rd e r a n d c o n d it io n th o u g h th e in c o r r e c t s ta te m e n t c a n n o t be s u e d u p o n d ir e c t l y as a b re a c h o f c o n t r a c t, th e S e PS Z e r V T a - 13 b ? U n d by th e “ a s te r s ° s ig n in g th e b ills o f la d in g , is e s to p p e d f r o m d e n y in g th e c o n d itio n o f th e g o o d s so s ta te d i f , o n th e s tr e n g th o f su c h s ta te m e n t, th e in d o rs e e o f th e b i l l o f la d in g h a s a c te d to h is p re ju d ic e . T h e cause o f a c tio n is base d o n e s to p p e l a n d n o t o n c o n tr a c t. T h is o r S0n nT h 0 tir< T th e H a r t e r A c t is in c o r p o r a t e d V o J ’ a <C h a n n e ll, J . ) C a m p a n ia N a v ie r a V asco ng a da v . C h u r c h ill a n d S i m ; C o m p a n ia N a v ie r a V asco ng a da v . B u r to n a n d C o... 177 23i ^ ° yJ )a ? s~ Z)e™u r r a 3e— B a lla s t.— W h e re , d u r in g
th e d is c h a rg e o f c a rg o i t is n e c e s s a ry f o r th e d e iftty ,=°/i,S h lK a n d C argo t o ta k e in b a lla s t, a n d th e c h L i h ere b 7 c a u a e d - 9 uch de Ia y does n o t r e lie v e r l , s c h o r l h,'s ° b I ig a t io n t o c o m p le te th e d is c h a rg e w it h i n th e tim e s tip u la te d in th e c h a r t e r p a r t y . (C h a n n e ll, J . ) H o u ld e r v . W e ir 81 24‘ " w u D a y s~ D e m u rra g e — S u n d a y s a n d h o lid a y s .
*0 u BI - e ? b b a r t e r - p a r ty p r o v id e d t h a t c a rg o w as t o be d is c h a rg e d “ a t th e a v e ra g e r a te o f n o t less t n a n —- to n s p e r d a y , S u n d a y s a n d h o lid a y s e x c e p te d , a n d d u r in g th e d is c h a rg e c a rg o w as d is c h a rg e d o n t w o S u n d a y s , i t w a s h e ld t h a t th e S u n d a y s w e re n o t t o c o u n t as l a y d a y s . (C h a n n e l!, J .J B o u ld e r v . W e ir ... g j 25. M e a s u re o f dam ages— R emoteness— P e n a lty
C la u se .— T h e re s p o n d e n ts h a d a g re e d b y c h a r t e r- p a r t y t o lo a d a c a rg o o f g o o d s o f th e a p p e lla n ts a t a fix e d tim e a t a p o r t in th e B a lt ic f o r c o n v e y a n c e t o C a r d iff. T h e y d id n o t p r o v id e a s h ip as a g re e d , a n d th e c u s to m e rs o f th e a p p e lla n ts t o w h o m th e y h a d s o ld th e g o o d s , b o u g h t g o o d s a g a in s t th e m , a n d re c o v e re d th e p ric e a n d e xpe n se s fr o m th e a p p e lla n ts . T h e c h a r t e r - p a r t y c o n ta in e d a c la u s e : “ P e n a lty f o r n o n - p e r fo r - m a n c e o f t h is a g re e m e n t, e s tim a te d a m o u n t o f fr e ig h t o n q u a n t i t y n o t s h ip p e d in a c c o rd a n c e h e r e w it h . H e ld (re v e rs in g th e ju d g m e n t o f th e c o u r t b e lo w ), t h a t th e a p p e lla n ts w e re e n t it le d t o re c o v e r fr o m th e re s p o n d e n ts th e a m o u n t w h ic h th e y h a d b e e n c o m p e lle d to p a y t o t h e ir c u s to m e rs . ( H . o f L . ) S tro m B r u k s A k tie B o la g v . H u tc h is o n ...
M . P r i n c i p a l a n d agent— N e g lig e n ce o f a gent—
P a s s in g goods th ro u g h C u sto m s.— T h e a p p e lla n ts c a rrie d o n b u sin e ss in A u s tr a lia , a n d e m p lo y e d th e re s p o n d e n ts , w h o w e re a f i r m o f s h ip p in g a g e n ts in o y d n e y , t o re c e iv e a n d t r a n s m it g o o d s a r r iv in g a t th e p o r t c o n s ig n e d t o th e m . T h e re s p o n d e n ts t w 6 ? ° 0 b ? rg e f o r P o s in g g o o d s so a r r iv i n g t h r o u g h th e C u s to m s . A c a rg o o f g o o d s c o n s ig n e d aPPe lla n ts a r r iv e d a t S y d n e y , a n d th e a r r v a l o f th e s h ip w a s r e p o r te d to th e re s p o n d e n ts e a r ly o n th e 8 th O c t., 1901, a n d th e g o o d s f u . u a v e - b ee n P a ^ e d t h r o u g h th e C u s to m s o n t h a t d a y , m w h ic h case n o d u t y w o u ld h a v e been p a y a b le . T h e g o o d s w e re n o t i n f a c t p assed
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