R E P R IN T E D IT IO N IS PU BLISHED BY
DEN N IS & CO., IN C . (Publishers), Buffalo, N. Y., U. S. A.
B U T T E R W O R IH & CO. (Publishers) L T D ., London, England
Reprinted by photolitho in the U.S.A.
by Cushing-Malloy, Inc., of Ann Arbor, Michigan
or CASES RELATING TO
M A R I T I M E L A W
C O N T A IN IN G A L L T H E
DECISIONS OF THE COURTS OF LAW AND EQUITY
iJTljt SEnitcïr ïüitgïiom.
EDITED BY
B U T L E R A-SPITSTA l L L , K.C.
VOL. IX., NEW SERIES.
Prom 1899 to 1904.
L O N D O N : H O R A C E C O X , B R E A M ’ S B U I L D I N G S , E . O .
PRINTED B Y H O R A C E CO X, W IN D S O R H O U S E , B R E A M ’S B U IL D IN G S , E.C.
01m
I N D E X
TO
UST-A-UVCIES CD'.F1 T ZEE IE C-A-SDES
R EP O R TE D IN T H IS VO LU M E.
PAGE
Acanthus, T he... 276
Ajum, Goolam, Hossen, and Co. and others v. Union M arine Insurance Company ... 167
A ktiese lska bet Inglewood v. M illa r's K a rri and Jarrah Forests Lim ited ... 411
Algoma Central Railway v. The K in g ... 431
A lm a , The ... 375
Anderson v . Rayners and others ... 333
Angel v. Merchants’ M arine Insurance Company L im ited ... 406
Apollinaris Company Lim ited v. Nord- deutsche Insurance Company ... 026
A rbitration between C. Traae, for the owners ° f the Steamship R ic k a rd N o rd ra a k , and Lennard and Sons Lim ited, Re an ... 553
Arbitration between Goodbody and Co. and Balfour, Williamson, and Co., Re an ... 69
A rbitration between Lockie and Craggs and Son, R e an ... 296
A rbitration between Margetts and Ocean Accident and Guarantee Corporation, Re an 217 A rb itra tion between Newman and Dale Steamship Company and the B ritish and South African Steamship Company, Re an 351 A rbitration between Tyrer and Co. and Hessler and Co., Re an ... 1®6> 292 Argo, The ... 74
A rn e , The ... 565
Assunta, The ... 302
A ugust K o r ff, The .... 428
A uguste Legem bre, The ... 279
B a k u S ta n d a rd , The ... 197
B a lm o ra l S team ship Co. v. M arten..139, 254, 321 Barque Quilpue Lim ited v . Brown ... 596
B e rn a rd H a ll, The ... 300
Blackburn and another v. Liverpool, Brazil, and R iver Plate Steam Navigation Com pany Lim ited ... 263
Board of Trade v. Sailing Ship G len- Park ... 413, 550 PAGE Borthwick v . Elderslie Steamship Co.... Boulton and others v. Houlder Brothers ... Brenda Steamship Company v. Green ... B r is to l C ity , The ... B ritish M arine M utual Insurance Associa- ton Lim ited v. Jenkins and others ... Brunei, The ... Bucknall Brothers v. Tatem and Co... Burger v. Indem nity M utual M arine Assur ance Company Lim ited ... 513 592 55 274 26 10 127 85 C. Traae, fo r the owners of the Steamship N o rd ra a k , and Lennard and Sons Lim ited, Re an A rb itra tion between ... 553
C am pania, The ... 151, 177 Cardiff Steamship Company v. Jameson... 367
Oarisbrook Steamship Company v. London and Provincial M arine and General Insur ance Company Lim ited ... 332
C a th ay, The ... 35, 100 C aw dor, The ... 19
Cayo B o n ito , The ... 308, 445, 603 Ceylon Coaling Company v. Goodrich ... 606
Challenge and D ue d ’ A um ale, The ... 497
Cheapside, The ... 595
C h itta g o n g , The ... 252
C ity o f L in c o ln , The ... 586
C ivil Service Co-operative Society Lim ited v. General Steam Navigation Company Lim ited ... 477
C o rd ille ra s , The ... 506
Cornfoot v . Royal Exchange Assurance Cor poration ... 418, 489 C rim d o n , The ... 104
Cunard Steamship Company Lim ited v. Marten ... 342, 452 D a llin g to n , The ... 377
Davidsson v. H ill and others ... 223
D eerhound, The ... 489 De H a rt v. Compañía Anónima de Seguros
Aurora ... B45, 454
NAMES OF CASES.
PAGE
D e von ian , The ... 158, 179
Dobell and Co. v. Green and Co... 53
D u c d ’ A um ale, The ... ,... 359
D uc d ’ A um a le , The, and The C h allen ge ..497, 502 Dunn and others v. Bucknall Brothers ... 336
E dgill (apps.) v. J. and G. Alward Lim ited (resps.) ... 341
E lm v ille , The ... 606
E ls w ic k P a rk , The ... 481
E m ilie C o llin e , The ... 401
Essarts v. Whinney ... 363
Farrell (app.) v. Sunderland Steamship Company Lim ited (resps.) ... 416
Forest Steamship Company v. Iberian Iron Ore Company ... 1
Forman andi Co. Proprietary Lim ited v. Ship Liddesdale ... 45
Forrest and Son Lim ited v. Aramayo ... 134
F ra n k la n d , The ... 196
C a n n e t, The ... 43
Gedge and others v. Royal Exchange Assur ance ... 57
George Booker and Co. v. Pocklington Steamship Company Lim ited ... 22
G erm ania, The ... 538
Goodbody and Co. and Balfour, Williamson, and Co., Re an A rb itra tio n between ... 69
Grange and Co. v . Taylor ... 559
Greenock Steamship Company it. M aritim e Insurance Company ... 364, 463 B a r e , The ... 547
Harland and Wolff Lim ited v. J. Burstall and Co... 184
B a rm o n id e s , Thé ... 354
Harrow ing Steamship Company v. Toohey... 91
H a w th o rn b a n k , The ... 535
B e a th e r B e ll, The ... 192, 206 Herne Bay Steamboat Company v. H utton ... 394, 472 Hogarth and Co. v. W alker ... 84
B o la r , The ... 143
Hulthen v. Stewart and Co... 285, 403 Iredale and another v. China Traders Insur ance Company ... 119
Isis Steamship Company v. Bahr, Behrend, and Ross ... 109
PAGE Loclcie and Craggs and Son, Be an A rb itra - tion between ... 296
London Transport Company Lim ited v. Trechmann Brothers ... 518
Lyle Shipping Company v. Cardiff Corpora tion ... 23, 128 M aclver and Co. Lim ited v. Tate Steamers Lim ited ... 362
M ad elein e and A n d ré Theodore, The ... 508
M a n o r, The ... 420, 482 Manchester Liners Lim ited v, B ritish and Foreign M arine Insurance Company ... 266
M a rg e ry , The ... 304
Margetts and Ocean Accident and Guarantee Corporation, B e an A rb itra tio n between ... 217
M a rg u e rite M o lin o s , The ... 424
Marten and others it. Steamship-owners U nderw riting Association ... 339
Mayor, Aldermen, and Burgesses of the C ity of Bristol v. Owners of the Steamship G la n m ire ... 10
M e d ia n a , The ... 41
Mercedes de L a r r in a g a , The ... 571
M ersey, The ... 273
M ilburn and Co. v. Jamaica F ru it Im porting and Trading Company of London 122 M ille r v. Borner and Co. ... 31
M ille r v. Law Accident Insurance Company L im ited ... 386
M in n e a p o lis , The ... 270
M in n e to n k a , The ... 544
Modesta, Pineiro, and Co. v. Dupre and Co... 297
Montgomery and Co. v. Indem nity M utual M arine Assurance Company Lim ited 141, 289 M o u rn e , The ... 155
M y s te ry , The ... 281
Newman and Dale Steamship Company Lim ited and the B ritish and South American Steamship Company; B e an A rb itra tio n between ... 351
N ickoll and K n ig h t v. Ashton, Edridge, and Co... 94, 209 N o rm a n d y , The ... 508
Northern Trust Lim ited v. Manar Steam ship Company ... 430
Northern Trust Lim ited v . Strachan Brothers ... 432
J o h n B o llo w a y , The ... 36
Jones Lim ited v . Green and Co... 600
Keslake (app.) v. Board of Trade (resps.) ... 491
König v. Brandt ... ... 199
K o n in g W ille m /., The ... 425
. 317 . 45 Oceanic, The ... 378
Oliver v. Nautilus Steamship Company Lim ited ... 430
O vingdean G range, The ... 242, 295 Owners of the C ity o f L in c o ln v. Smith ... 586
Owners of Steamship K o s tro m a v. Owners of Steamship C h itta g o n g ... 252 P. and O. Steam Navigation Company it.
The K in g L e it r im , The ...
Lidd esda le , The
228
M ARITIM E LAW CASES. v
N A M E S OE CASES.
PAGE
P. and O. Steam Navigation Company v.
K in g s to n ... 4®®
Parsons v . New Zealand Shipping Company L im ite d ... 17®> 33 P e a rl M o o r, The ... 540
P h ila d e p h ia n , The ... 38, 72 P o ll v. D a m b e ... 22®
P o rt C aledonia, The, and The A n n a ... 479
P o rt V ic to r , The ... 163, 182 P o rt V ic to r ia , The ... 314
Price and another v. M aritim e Insurance Com pany ... 2^8 Price and Co. v . Union Lighterage Company L im it e d ... 398
P rin c e L le w e lly n , The ... 505
Prince of Wales D ry Dock Company (Swan sea) L im ited v . Fownes Forge and Engi neering Company Lim ited ... 555
Quilpue Lim ited, The Barque v . Brown ... 596
Pathbone Brothers and Co. v. Maciver, Sons, and Co... 467
Peed (app.) v. Goldsworthy (resp.) ... 529
Pcpetto v. M illa r’s- K a r ri and Jarrah Forests L im ited ... 215
P h e in , The ... 278
Podney, The ... 39
Poincmce, The ... 149
Pondane, The ... 105
P°wson v. A tla n tic Transport Company 347, 458 Poyal Exchange Assurance Corporation v. Sjoforsakrings Aktiebolaget Vega ... 233,329 Puabon Steamship Company v . London Assurance ... 2
P nb y, The ... 146
San spa reil, The ... 59, 78 S an tiag o, The ... 147
®arah Hudson and Henry Humphrey v. Owners of Barque S w ifts u re ... 65
ax°n Steamship Company v. Union Steam- ship Company ...• 114
Scotia, The ... 485
Insurance Company v. Carr ... 138
bearle v. Lund ... 419, 557 K illito v. B iggart and another ... 396
bleigh v . Tyser ... 97
S na rk, The ... 50
PAGE Steamship Balmoral Company Lim ited v. Marten ... ^ 25 4- 321 Steel, Young, and Co. v. Grand Canary Coaling Company ... 584, 326 S te lla , The ... 66
S u n lig h t, The ... 509
Sussex, The ... 57b S w ift , The ... 244
S w ifts u re , The ... 65
Tagart, Beaton, and Co. v. James Fisher and Sons; West Hartlepool Steam N avi gation Company (th ird parties) ... 381
Tagus, The ... 371
Tergeste, The ... 356
Thalmann and others v. Texas Star Flour M ills ... 87
T o rb ry a n , The ... 358, 450 Tough (app.) v. Hopkins (resp.) ... 562
Turnbull, M a rtin , and Co. v. H u ll Under w riters’ Association ... 53
Turner and another v. H a ji Goolam Mahomed Azam ... 588
Turner, Brightm an, and Co. v. Bannatyne and Sons ... 495
T u r r e t C o u rt, The ... 162
Tyrer and Co. and Hessler and Co., lie an A rb itra tio n between ... 186, 292 Upperton and W ife v. Union Castle M ail Steamship Company L im ited ... 475
TJskmoor, The ... 316
V e rita s , The ... 237
Wastwater Steamship Company Lim ited v. T. B. Neale and Co... 282
W eir and Co. v. G irvin and Co... 7
W eir and Co. v . Union Steamship Com pany ... 13, 111 Western Assurance Company of Toronto v. Poole ... 390
W h ittle b u rn , The ... 154
W illiams and others v. Canton Insurance Office ... 247
Wilson and others v. Salamandra Assurance Company of St, Petersburg ... 370
W in k fie ld , The ... 259 Young v. Steamship S c o tia 485
S U B J E C T S OE C A S E S
PAGE A B A N D O N M E N T .
See M a rin e In s u ra n c e , N o . 7.
A C C I D E N T .
See C a rria g e o f Goods, N o . 30.
A C T IO N O F R E S T R A IN T .
^ S afe r e tu r n — N a m e d p o r t — F o r fe itu r e of bond.-—W h e re , in an a c tio n o f re s tra in t, a bo nd g iv e n f o r th e safe r e tu r n o f th e vessel to a n.ari^ d p o r t a n d th e vessel was n o t, a t th e con
c lu s io n o f th e voyage, b r o u g h t b a ck to the panned p o rt, th e fo r fe itu r e o f th e b o n d (a ffirm - th e o r d e r o f B arn es, J .) was o rd e re d . (C t.
° f A p p .) T h e C a w d o r ... 19 S afe r e tu r n — R ecog nisan ce.— S em b le, a bo n d
;? r safe r e tu r n in an a c tio n o f r e s tra in t is in the n a tu re o f a recognisance g iv e n to th e c o u rt, and th e c o u rt has ju r is d ic tio n , su b je ct to th e term s o f th e b o nd, to m a ke such o r d e r as m a y
^ r ^ t i a t e l y p r o te c t th e in te re sts o f th e p la in tifita v^t. o f A p p .) T h e Cawdbor ... *9
A D M I R A L T Y C O U R T A C T . See D a m a g e , N os. 1, 2, 4.
A D V A N C E F R E I G H T .
* * * C a rria g e o f Goods, N o . I — C h a r te r-p a rty , N os. 1, 13.
A N C H O R .
bee C o llis io n , N os. 4, 17, 21, 22, 42, 46— D am age, N o . 1.
A N C H O R L I G H T .
See C o llis io n , No«. 17, 21, 22, 42, 46.
A P P E A L ., See P ra c tic e , N o . 2.
A P P O R T IO N M E N T . See S a lv a g e , N o . 4.
o A R R E S T .
^ C o llis io n , N o . 18— P ra c tic e , N os. 7, 12— S alvage , N o . 5.
A U S T R A L I A N C U S T O M S A C T . See C ustom s A c ts , N o . 2.
A V E R A G E A D J U S T E R S . See G e n e ra l A v e ra g e , N o . 6.
B A I L B O N D . See A c tio n o f R e s tra in t.
B A I L E E . See B a ilo r a n d B a ile e .
PAGE B A I L O R A N D B A I L E E .
C o llis io n — B a ile e in possession— L i a b i l it y of B a ile e —R ig h t to sue.— I n an a c tio n a g a in s t a
w ro n g d o e r f o r th e loss o f goods caused b y his n e gligen ce, a b a ile e in possession can re cover th e v a lu e o f the goo da lost, a lth o u g h he w o u ld have ha d a g o o d defence to an a c tio n b y th e b a ilo r f o r dam ages f o r th e loss o f th e goods b a ile d . C la rid g e v. S o u th S ta ffo rd s h ire T r a m w a y C o m p a n y (66 L . T . R e p . 655; (1892) 1 Q. B.
422) o v e rru le d . (C t. o f A p p .) Th e W in k fie ld ... 259 See C o llis io n , N o . 1.
B A L L A S T . See C h a r te r-p a rty , N o . 5.
B A N K R U P T C Y A C T . See M o r tg a g o r a n d M o rtg a g e e , N o . 2
B I L L O F E X C H A N G E .
See M a s te rs ' W ages a n d D isb u rse m e n ts, N o . 1.
B I L L O F L A D I N G .
See C a rria g e o f Goods, N os. 2, 3, 4, 7, 14 to 17, 21, 23, 24, 26, 27, 28, 29—S ale o f C a rg o , N o . 5.
B I L L S O F L A D I N G A C T . See C a rria g e o f Goods, N os. 2, 3, 4.
B I L L O F S A L E . See S ale o f S h ip .
B O A R D O F T R A D E S U R V E Y O R . See L im it a t io n o f L i a b i l it y , N o . 2.
B O T H T O B L A M E . See C o llis io n , Noe, 10, 20, 49.
B R IS T O L W H A R F A G E A C T , 1807.
See C o m p u ls o ry P ilo ta g e , N o . 1.
C A N C E L L A T I O N D A T E . See C h a r te r- p a r ty , N os. 4, 10.
C A R R IA G E O F G O O D S .
1. A d va n ce fr e ig h t— F ir e — E x c e p te d p e rils .— B y a c h a rte r -p a r ty th e c h a rte re rs agreed to lo a d a sh ip w it h a f u l l an d c o m p le te cargo f o r car*
ria g e fro m th e T y n e to San F ra n cisco . F r e ig h t was to be p a id a t a c e rta in ra te p e r to n on the q u a n tity to be d e liv e re d to th e con sig nee s; a n d was to be p a id tw o - th ird s in cash th re e days a fte r s a ilin g , s h ip lo st o r n o t lost, th e balance on u n lo a d in g and r i g h t d e liv e ry o f th e cargo.
F ir e was a p e r il m u tu a lly excepted. P a r t o f th e cargo a fte r b e in g load ed was d e stro ye d b y fire b e fo re th e sh ip sailed . T h e c h a r t e r e r sub
se q u e n tly load ed m o re ca rg o o f su fficie n t a m o u n t, ta k in g th e a m o u n t d e stroye d in to com
SUBJECTS OP CASES.
PAGE s id e ra tio n , to f i l l u p th e c a r r y in g spaoe o f th e vessel. T h re e days a ft e r s a ilin g th e ow ners c la im e d advance fr e ig h t on tw o - th ird s o f a f u l l cargo. H e ld (a ffirm in g the ju d g m e n t o f L o r d R ussell, C .J .) th a t th e o w n e rs w ere n o t e n title d to ad vance fr e ig h t on th e p a r t o f th e c a rg o w h ic h h a d been d e stro ye d b y fire . (C t. o f A p p .) W e ir a n d Co. v. G ir v in a n d C o ... 7 2. B ills o f L a d in g A c t— M a rk s on cargov-—P e r
C o llin s and H o m e r, L . J J . , shipo w ners, are n o t estopped b y sect. 3 o f th e B ills o f L a d in g A c t 1855 fro m s h o w in g th a t c a rg o th e y te n d e r to th e consignee is id e n tic a l w ith th e ca rg o s h ip p e d m e re ly because certain, m a rk s a n d n u m b e rs in th e m a rg in o f th e b i l l o f la d in g do n o t c o rre spond w ith th e m a rk s an d nu m b e rs on th e cargo, i f such m a rk s and n u m b e rs do n o t e ffe ct o r denote th e n a tu re , q u a lity , o r c o m m e rc ia l va lu e o f the goods. (C t. o f A p p . a ffir m in g K e n n e d y , J .) P arso ns v. N e w Z e a la n d S h ip p in g C o m p a n y L im it e d ... _____________ ..33, 170 3. B ills o f L a d in g A ct— C o rre c t d e liv e ry .— P e r A . L .
S m ith , M .R ., a clause in a b i l l o f la d in g th a t th e s h ip is n o t to be re sp o n sib le f o r c o rre c t d e liv e ry unless each p a ckage is c o rre c tly m a rk e d b e fo re s h ip m e n t w it h a m a rk , n u m b e r, a n d address, re lie ve s s h ip o w n e rs fr o m l i a b i l i t y w h e re c e rta in n u m b e rs in th e b i l l o f la d in g do n o t co rre sp o n d w it h th e n u m b e rs p u t bn th b ca rg o by th e sh ip p e rs. (C t. o f A p p .) P arso ns v. N e w Z e a la n d S h ip p in g C o m p a n y ... 170 4. B ills o f L a d in g A c t— M a rk s .— Sect. 3 o f th e
B ills o f L a d in g A c t 1855 does n o t m a ke th e b i l l o f la d in g con clu sive as to th e s ta te m e n t o f m a rk s up on th e goods s h ip p e d w h e re those m a rk s do n o t a ffe c t o r denote substance, q u a lity , o r c o m m e rc ia l v a lu e . (K e n n e d y , J .) P arso ns v. N e w Z e a la n d S h ip p in g C o m p a n y L im it e d ... 33 5. C e rtific a te o f clearance— F o re ig n la w — L o a d
in g — W h e a t was s o ld f o r s h ip m e n t a t G a lve sto n , in th e U n ite d States, b y a spe cifie d v ^ s e l f o r H a v re , “ clearance ” to be n o t la te r th a n th e 31st M a y . A c e rtific a te o f clearance was o b ta in e d on th e 28 th M a y . P a r t o n ly o f th e ca rg o was th e n o n b o a rd , th e re s t b e in g a lo n g side re a d y to be load ed. T h e lo a d in g was n o t c o m p le te d u n t il 2 n d J u n e , w h e n th e vessel sailed . B y the s ta tu te o f th e U n ite d S tate s th e m a ste r m u st fu r n is h a m a n ife s t o f th e c a rg o
“ on b o a rd , w h e re u p o n th e c o lle c to r s h a ll g r a n t a cle a ra n ce .” I t was, h o w e ve r, c u s to m a ry to g r a n t a clearance b e fo re th e c o m p le tio n o f lo a d in g , an d such a clearance was v a lid a n d effec
tiv e f o r a ll purposes, an d e n title d th e vessel to s a il im m e d ia te ly . H e ld (a ffirm in g th e ju d g m e n t o f B ig h a m , J .), th a t th e vessel ha d ob
ta in e d a “ clearance ” w it h in th e m e a n in g o f th e c o n tra c t, w hen th e c e rtific a te o f clearance was g ra n te d . (C t. o f A p p .) T h a lm a n n a n d others v. Texas S ta r F lo u r M i l l s ... 87 6. C o llie r y g u a ra n te e — W o r k in g d a ys—D e m u r
ra g e — S tr ik e — W h e re b y a c h a rte r -p a r ty w h ic h in c o rp o ra te d a “ c o llie r y g u a ra n te e ” th e c h a r
te re rs ag reed to lo a d a s h ip w it h coal “ in tw e lv e c le a r w o r k in g days, S und ays and h o li
days e xce p te d ,” i t was h e ld (re v e rs in g th e ju d g m e n t o f th e c o u rt be lo w ) th a t, in th e absence o f e vide nce o f a n y spe cia l m e a n in g a tta c h in g to th e w o rd s “ w o r k in g d a ys,” th e y m e a n t d a ys on w h ic h th e c o llie rie s u s u a lly w o rk e d , n o t days on w h ic h th e y a c tu a lly w o rk e d , a n d th a t th e s h ip o w n e rs w ere e n title d to d e m u rra g e in respect o f a d e la y in th e lo a d in g caused b y . a s trik e , a t th e c o llie rie s . (H . o f L .) S a xo n S te a m s h ip C o m p a n y y. U n io n S te a m s h ip C o m p a n y ... ... 114 7. C u sto m — B i l l o f la d in g .— W h e re b ills o f la d in g
p r o v id e d th a t c e r ta in c u rra n ts w ere “ to be d e liv e re d fr o m th e s h ip 's deck w hen th e s h ip ’ s re s p o n s ib ility s h a ll cease . . . S im u l
ta n e o u s ly w ith th e s h ip b e in g re a d y to u n lo a d th e said goods . . . th e consignee is h e re b y b o u n d to be re a d y to re ce ive th e goods fr o m
PAGE the s h ip ’ s side, a n d in d e fa u lt th e re o f th e m a s te r o f th e a g e n t o f th e sh ip is a u th o ris e d ” to e n te r, la n d , an d w arehouse th e m a t th e e x pense o f th e consignee. I t was h e ld , th a t a custom , th a t in th e d is c h a rg e o f d r ie d f r u i t cargoes th e cha rges f o r tr u c k in g fro m th e shed an d p ilin g in th e tra n s it-s h e d are to be p a id f o r b y th e sh ip , was good, as i t d id n o t c o n tra d ic t th e . b ills o f la d in g , b u t m e re ly an n e xe d an in c id e r it to th e m . (Q. B . D iv .) C a r d iff S te a m s h ip C o m p a n y L im it e d v. Jam eson ... 36?
8- C usto m — D e m u rra g e — N a m e d d o c k .—W h e r e b y c h a rte r -p a r ty i t was ag re e d th a t a ste a m e r sh o u ld proceed to a na m e d p o r t, an d th e re d e liv e r a ca rg o o f tim b e r “ to be d isch a rg e d w ith c u s to m a ry s te a m sh ip d is p a tc h , as fa s t as th e stea m er can d e liv e r . . . a c c o rd in g to th e custom o f th e p o r t,” w ith an e x c e p tio n in re spect o f d e la y caused b y a s trik e o r lo c k o u t, an d th e sh ip , h a v in g a r r iv e d a t th e p o rt, a n d b e in g re a d y to d e liv e r the cargo, was d e la ye d b y th e cro w d e d sta te o f th e d o ck to w h ic h she was o rd e re d , a n d th e re was e vide nce th a t she c o u ld n o t ha ve been d isch a rg e d m o re q u ic k ly , u n d e r th e circum stance s, elsew here in th e p o rt, a n d th a t th e consignees h a d used a ll re asona ble means to p ro c u re th e d isch a rg e , i t was h e ld (a ffirm in g th e ju d g m e n t o f thei c o u rt be lo w ) th a t th e y ha d p e rfo rm e d th e ir o b lig a tio n u n d e r th e c h a rte r -p a r ty , a n d w ere n o t lia b le f o r d e m u rra g e , as th e y w ere o n ly b o u n d to use a ll re asonable means to p ro c u re th e disch a rg e as w e re po ssible in th e circum stance s. (H . o f L .) H u lth e n v. S te w a r t a n d C o... .285, 403 9. C ustom — L a y days— C om m ence m en t o f.— B y a
c h a r te r - p a r ty a s h ip w as to proceed to B . o r so n e a r th e re to as she c o u ld sa fe ly g e t, a n d th e re lo a d as c u s to m a ry , a lw a y s a flo a t, a t such w h a rf, je t t y , o r a n chora ge as th e c h a rte re rs ’ a g e n t m ig h t d ire c t, a c e rta in cargo. O w in g , to h e r d r a u g h t th e s h ip c o u ld n o t h,ave lo a d e d f u l l y a t th e b e rth a t th e je t t y , b u t a c c o rd in g to th e oustom o f th e p o r t she w o u ld be moved, w hen p a r t ly lo a d e d fr o m th e j e t t y to an a n chora ge to c o m p le te lo a d in g . H e ld , th a t th e la y days d id n o t b e g in to r u n u n t il th e sh ip was a t th e j e t t y o r a n chora ge th e c h a rte re rs ’ a g e n t d ire c te d , a n d th a t th e fa c t th a t she c o u ld n o t f u l l y lo a d th e re m a de no d iffe re n c e an d d id n o t p re v e n t th e c h a rte re rs r e q u ir in g h e r to come to th e je t t y an d c la im in g th a t th e la y days d id n o t com m ence u n t i l she was a t th e je tty . (K e n n e d y , J .) A k tie s e ls k a b e t I n g le w o o d v. M i l l a r 's K a r r i a n d J a r r a h F o re sts L im it e d ... 411 10. C u sto m — P o r t o f d is c h a rg e — D e m u rra g e .— A
c h a rte r -p a r ty , b y w h ic h a ste a m e r wae to lo a d a c a rg o o f tim b e r an d th e re w ith to proceed to th e S u rre y C o m m e rc ia l D ocks, L o n d o n , and d e liv e r th e same, c o n ta in e d a clause th a t th e c a rg o was “ to be b r o u g h t to a n d ta k e n fr o m a lo n g sid e th e ste a m e r a t c h a rte r e r’ s r is k a n d expense, a n y custom o f th e p o r t to th e con
tr a r y n o tw ith s ta n d in g .” H e ld , th a t b y th is clause th e custom o f th e p o r t o f L o n d o n as to th e die- c h a rg e o f tim b e r cargoes was e xc lu d e d , a n d th e re fo re i t was th e d u ty o f th e c h a rte r e r to be re a d y to re ceive th e cargo a t th e s h ip ’ s r a il.
(C t. o f A p p .) B re n d a S te a m s h ip C o m p a n y L im it e d v. G re en ... 55 11. C usto m — R easonable d is p a tc h — D e m u rra g e .—
W h e re a c h a rte re r u n d e rta k e s to d is c h a rg e a s h ip “ w ith a ll re asonable de spatch as cus
to m a r y ,” he is n o t lia b le f o r d e la y i f he has re a so n a b ly done h is best to p ro c u re th e a p p li
ances c u s to m a rily used a t th e p o r t o f d is c h a rg e a n d used th e m w ith p r o p e r d is p a tc h . (C t. o f A p p . a ffir m in g B ig h a m , J .) L y le S h ip p in g C o m p a n y v. C a rd iff C o rp o ra tio n ...23, 128 12. D e m u rra g e —F ir e — E x c e p te d p e rils — M u tu a l
e xce ptions.— A c h a rte r -p a r ty m ade betw een the o w ne rs o f a s h ip an d th e c h a rte re rs p r o v id e d th a t a c e rta in n u m b e r o f days sh o u ld be a llo w e d
M A RITIM E LAW OASES.
I XSUBJECTS OP CASES.
PAGE fo r lo a d in g and u n lo a d in g th e cargo, a fte r w h ic h d e m u rra g e was to be p a id a t a specified ra te , a n d i t also c o n ta in e d th e u su a l e x c e p tio n clause, w ith , a m o n g o th ers, th e e xc e p tio n o f fire . H e ld , on th e a u th o r it y o f B a r r ie v.
P e ru v ia n C o rp o ra tio n (2 C om . Cas. 50), th a t th e e xce p tio n s a p p lie d f o r th e b e n e fit o f th e c h a rte re rs as w e ll as f o r th e b e n e fit o f the shipo w ners, a n d th a t th e c h a rte re rs Were b y th e e x c e p tio n o f fire excused fro m p a y in g d e m u rra g e in respect o f a neces
sary d e la y occasioned b y a fire b re a k in g o u t in the c a rg o w h ile th e ca rg o was b e in g d is
cha rged . (B ig h a m , J .) B e a n A r b it r a t io n be
tw een N e w m a n a n d D a le S te a m s h ip C o m p a n y a n d Th e B r it is h a n d S o u th A m e ric a n S te a m s h ip C o m p a n y ... 351 13. D e m u rra g e — L a y days— C om m encem ent o f—
A r r iv e d s h ip .— B y a c h a rte r -p a r ty i t was p r o v id e d th a t a s h ip sh o u ld proceed to S a n ta n d e r, e x c lu d in g San S a lv a d o r o ld t i p “ to a lo a d in g place as o rd e re d ” an d th e re ta k e on b o a rd a Carg o . H e ld , th a t th e sh ip c o u ld n o t be ta k e n as an a r r iv e d s h ip f o r th e pu rpose o f th e com m encem ent o f th e la y days u n t i l she h a d a r r iv e d a t th e lo a d in g place as o rd e re d , a n d th a t a r r iv d l a t S a n ta n d e r was n o t sufneient.
(Kennedy, J .) M o d e sta , P in e ir o , a n d Co. v.
D u p re a n d C o ... 297 14. E x c e p te d p e rils — H e a t— O w ners’ ne g lig e n ce .
T h e p la in tiffs w ere indorsees o f b ills o f la d in g u n d e r w h ic h a ca rg o o f m aize, b a rle y , linseed,
°a ts , and w h e a t was s h ip p e d on th e d e fe n d a n ts steam ship. B y th e b ills o f la d in g i t was p r o v id e d in clause 2 th a t “ th e . • * ow ners
• • • s h a ll n o t be re sponsib le f o r loss, dam age,
° r i n ju r y a r is in g fr o m s w e a tin g . . . o r consequences a r is in g th e re fr o m . . . o r h e a t * '; a n d i n clause 3 th a t “ th e • • • ow ne rs . . . s h a ll n o t be re sp o n sib le f o r an y loss o r in ju r y to th e sa id goods o c c u rrin g fr o m an y o f th e causes above m e n tio n e d , o r fr o m an y loss o r i n ju r y a r is in g fr o m the p e rils o f the
^ a s . . . w h e th e r a n y o f th e p e rils , causes, c r th in g s above m e n tio n e d . . be occasioned by an y act o r om issio n, ne g lig e n ce , d e fa u lt
• • . o f stevedores . . . o r o th e r persons
*n th e se rvice o f th e s h ip o w n e rs . • •” 9 {*
th e m a rg in o f th e b ills o f la d in g u n d e r w h ic h the m a ize was sh ip p e d was s ta m p e d : “ I n no
?ase is th e ste a m sh ip to be h e ld lia b le f o r h e at- Jng o r a n y o th e r da m a g e o c c u rrin g to th e w ith in m e n tio n e d goods.’ ' P a r t o f th e m aize becamq, h e ated on th e voya ge, a n d th e o th e r cargo was da m a g e d th r o u g h im p r o p e r stow age.
I u an a c tio n by th e p la in tiffs to re c o v e r d a m a g e s : H e ld , th a t th e d e fe n d a n ts w ere l ia b k as th e e x e m p tio n o f n e g lig e n ce in clause 3 d id u o t re fe r to th e m a tte rs m clause 2, a n d th a t th e w o rd “ h e a t ” re fe rr e d to h e a t a r is in g fro m
e xtra n e o u s cause. H e ld , fu r th e r , th a t i f th e ow ners d e sire d to re lie v e them selves fro m l i a b i l i t y f o r th e n e g lig e n ce o f th e ir ow n ser- y a lits th e re sh o u ld have been express v^ords to th a t e ffe ct, an d th a t th e clause in the* m a r g in d id n o t a p p ly in th e case of. ne g lig e n ce . (A d m . h^iv.) T h e P e a rlm o o r ...
^ 'E x c e p t e d p e rils — N e g lig e n c e o f e n g in e e r—
P e rils o f the sea.— A ca rg o o f s u g a r was sh ip p e d u n d e r a b i l l o f la d in g w h ic h co n ta in e d an e x ce p tio n o f “ a n y loss o r da m age re s u ltin g fro m ariy p e r il o f th e seas, riv e rs , o r n a v ig a tio n o f w h a te v e r n a tu re o r k in d soever (w h e th e r a r is in g r ° m th e ne g lig e n ce , d e fa u lt, o r e r r o r in ju d g m e n t o f th e p ilo t , m a ste r, m a rin e r, e n ginee rs, o r o th ers o f th e crew., o r o th e rw is e , h o w soever).” D u r in g th e vo ya g e th e e n g in e e r, in te n d in g to f i l l a b a lla s t ta n k w it h sea w a te r
- be used fo r th e b o ile rs in d is c h a rg in g th e cargo, op ened th e sea-cock, a n d he th e n , in ste a d o f o p e n in g th e v a lv e o f th e b a lla s t ta n k , b y m is- ta k e opened th e v a lv e o f a ta n k in w h ic h p a r t su g a r was s to re d , w it h th e re s u lt th a t the sea w a te r flo w e d in t o th e ta n k w h e re th e
s u g a r was, a n d th e su g a r was dam aged. H e ld , th a t th e da m age was caused b y a p e r il o f th e seas w it h in th e m e a n in g o f th e e x c e p tio n in the b i l l o f la d in g , and th a t th e sh ip o w n e rs w ere p ro te c te d b y th e e x c e p tio n a n d w e re n o t lia b le fo r th e dam age. (W a lto n , J .) B la c k b u r n a n d a n o th e r v. L iv e r p o o l, B r a z il, a n d R iv e r P la te S te a m N a v ig a tio n C o m p a n y ... 363 16. H a r t e r A c t— M a n a g e m e n t o f s h ip — D a m a g e to
ca rg o .— G oods w ere sh ip p e d u n d e r a b i l l o f la d in g , w h ic h b y in c o r p o r a tin g th e H a r t e r A c t e x e m p te d th e s h ip o w n e r fro m l i a b i l i t y fo r
“ dam age o r loss re s u ltin g fr o m f a u l t o r e rro rs in n a v ig a tio n , o r in th e m a n a g e m e n t o f th e s h ip .” O w in g to one o f th e cre w n e g lig e n tly m a k in g a ho le in a d ra in a g e p ip e le a d in g fr o m th e fo re c a s tle th r o u g h th e N o . 1 h o ld to th e b ilg e , in o rd e r to c le a r th e fo re c a s tle o f w a te r w h ic h h a d been take n. o n b o a rd d u r in g h e a vy w e a th e r, a n d w ith w h ic h th e fo re c a s tle was floo ded, w a te r fo u n d its w a y to th e c a rg o in th e N o . 1 h o ld , w h e re b y th a t ca rg o was dam aged. H e ld (re v e rs in g th e de cisio n o f th e C o u n ty C o u r t ju d g e ) th a t th e a ct w h ic h caused th e da m age was done in th e m a n a g e m e n t o f th e sh ip , a n d th a t th e re fo re th e s h ip o w n e r waa e x e m p t fr o m lia b i l i t y . (A d m . D iv .) Th e R o d n e y ... 39 17. H a r t e r A c t — R e fr ig e r a tin g a p p a ra tu s —
“ M a n a g e m e n t o f vessel.” — B y sect. 3 o f th e H a r t e r A c t (U .S .A .) 1893, w h ic h was in c o r
p o ra te d in c e rta in b ills o f la d in g u n d e r w h ic h b u tte r was sh ip p e d a t N e w Y o r k f o r c a rria g e to L o n d o n , i f th e o w n e r o f a n y vessel tra n s p o r tin g m e rch a n d ise sh a ll exercise d u e d ilig e n c e to m a ke th e vessel s e a w o rth y a n d p r o p e r ly m a n n e d an d e q u ip p e d , th e n th e o w n e r is n o t to be h e ld re sp o n sib le f o r d a m age o r loss “ re s u ltin g fr o m fa u lts o r e r ro rs in n a v ig a tio n , o r in th e m a n a g e m e n t o f th e s a id vessel.” O w in g to th e n e g lig e n c e o f th e persons in c h a rg e o f th e r e fr ig e r a tin g a p p a ra tu s w it h w h ic h th e s h ip w as fitte d , th e b u tte r was d a m age d. H e ld , th a t th e ph rase “ fa u lts o r e rro rs in . . . th e m a n a g e m e n t o f th e said vessel ” m e a n t in th e m a n a g e m e n t o f th e said vessel q u a v e s s e l;
th a t th e r e fr ig e r a tin g a p p a ra tu s n o t h a v in g been in tro d u c e d in to th e vessel f o r th e s p e c ia l p u rp o s e o f th e b u tte r, b u t fo r th e p u rp o s e o f c o o lin g th e vessel a n d to be used f o r its p r o v is io n s a v a ila b le f o r c o n s u m p tio n d u r in g th e voyage, m a n a g e m e n t o f th e r e fr ig e r a tin g a p p a ra tu s was, in th e p a r tic u la r circum stance s, m a n a g e m e n t o f th e vese el; a n d th a t, th e dam age to th e b u tte r h a v in g re s u lte d fr o m th e n e g lig e n ce o f th e cre w in w o r k in g th is p a r t o f th e vessel, th e s h ip o w n e rs w e re re lie v e d fro m l i a b i l i t y in re sp e ct o f such da m age b y v ir tu e o f sect. 3 o f th e H a r t e r A c t. (C t. o f A p p . a ffir m in g K e n n e d y , J .) R ow son v. A t la n t ic T ra n s p o rt C o m p a n y ...547, 458 18. L ie n — D e te n tio n o f s h ip .— A s h ip o w n e r w ho
has a lie n on th e c a rg o f o r fr e ig h t o r d e m u r
ra ge, w hen he has th e o p p o r tu n ity o f u n lo a d in g the cargo, c a n n o t keep th e ca rg o on the s h ip a n d th e ri c la im fo r th e d e te n tio n o f th e ship. (K e n n e d y , J .) M o d e s ta , P in e ir o , a n d Co.
v. D u p re a n d C o... 29 ‘ 19. L ie n — S u b -fre ig h ts .— A lie n on s u b -fre ig h ts
g iv e n in a. tim e c h a rte r -p a r ty to a s h ip o w n e r as s e c u rity fo r th e p a y m e n t to h im o f th e h ire o f th e vessel, gives th e s h ip o w n e r a r ig h t to stop s u b -fre ig h ts o n ly b e fo re such s u b -fre ig h ts have been p a id to th e tim e c h a rte re r o r his a g e n t; b u t w h e n once s u b -fre ig h t has been paid, as fr e ig h t to th e c h a rte re r o r h is a g e n t, th e s h ip o w n e r’ s lie n o r r i g h t to stop th e fr e ig h t is gone, a n d he ca n n o t fo llo w such fr e ig h t a fte r i t has been p a id . (C t. o f A p p .) 2 a g a r , B e a to n , a n d Co. v. Ja m e s F is h e r a n d Sons, W est H a r tle p o o l S te a m N a v ig a tio n C o m p a n y L im it e d , t h ir d p a rtie s ...“
20. Loss o f m a rk e t— M e a su re o f dam ages— C a r
ria g e b y sea.— 'T h e re is no a b solute r u le o f la w
SUBJECTS OF CASES.
PAGE th a t dam ages f o r loss o f m a rk e t ca n n o t be re covere d f o r d e la y in th e c a rria g e o f goods b y sea. W h e n e v e r th e circum stance s a d m it o f c a lc u la tio n s as' to th e tim e i o f a r r iv a l and th e p ro b a b le flu c tu a tio n s o f the m a rk e t being- m ade w ith th e same de gree o f reasonable, c e r
ta in ty in th e case o f c a rria g e b y sea as in the case o f c a rria g e b y la n d , th e dam ages f o r d e la y are to be c a lc u la te d up o n th e same p r in c ip le s in b o th cases. (C t. o f A p p .) D u n n a n d others v. B u c k n a ll B ro th e rs a n d o th ers ... 336 21. “ M e rc h a n t's r is k ” — R em oteness o f dam age—
O v e r-c a rria g e o f cargo.— A b i l l o f la d in g con
ta in e d th e fo llo w in g c la u s e : I f in th e o p in io n o f th e m a ste r d isch a rg e ca n n o t be e ffe cte d w it h o u t u n d u e d e te n tio n , the s te a m e r s h a ll have lib e r ty to o v e r-c a rry the c a rg o to L o n d o n a t m e rc h a n t’ s ris k , a n d d e liv e r th e re to consignees o r th e ir assigns.” T h e sh ip was d e la ye d a t a p o r t o f c a ll in the course o f he r vo ya g e b y the n e g lig e n ce o f th e s h ip o w n e r’ s agents, w it h the re s u lt th a t, on h e r a r r iv a l a t th e p o r t w h e re th e goods were* to be d isch a rg e d , th e m a s te r fo u n d t h a t th e d isch a rg e c o u ld n o t be e ffe cte d w ith o u t u n d u e d e te n tio n , a n d he th e re fo re o v e r-c a rrie d th e goods to L o n d o n . I n an a c tio n b y th e con
signee to re co ve r dam ages fo r th e o v e r-c a rria g e o f th e g o o d s : H e ld , a ffir m in g th e de cision o f K e n n e d y , J . (88 L . T . R ep. 863; 9 A sp. M a r.
L a w Cas. 419), th a t th e d a m a g e was n o t so re m o te fro m th e ne g lig e n ce o f th e s h ip o w n e r’ s agents as to d is e n title th e consignee fro m suc
c e e d in g in th e a ctio n . (C t. o f A p p .) S e a rle v.
L u n d ... 419, 657 22. M e rs e y D o cks A c t— D is c h a rg e o f cargo—-
P o rte ra g e .— E xpenses in c u rre d a t L iv e r p o o l in th e disch a rg e o f d r ie d f r u i t cargoes fo r tr u c k in g fro m th e shed an d p ilin g in the tr a n s it shed are n o t in c lu d e d in th e a ll-r o u n d c h a rg e m ade b y th e m a s te r p o rte rs u n d e r the M e rs e y D ocks A c ts an d th e bye -law s o f th e M e rs e y D ocks and H a r b o u r B o a rd . (Q. B . D iv .) C a rd iff S te a m s h ip C o m p a n y v. Ja m e so n ... 367 23. P r in c ip a l a n d a g e n t— B i l l o f la d in g — R ig h t to
sue.— T h e o w n e rs o f th e W . c h a rte re d h e r to G. u n d e r a. c h a rte r-p a rty , w h ic h p r o v id e d th a t th e m a s te r sh o u ld sig n b ills o f la d in g as p r e sented, and th a t th e c h a rte re rs ’ l i a b i l i t y sh o u ld cease on s h ip m e n t o f th e cargo, a n d gave the sh ip o w n e rs a lie n fo r fr e ig h t, dead fr e ig h t, a n d d e m u rra g e . G. re c h a rte re d the vessel to M . L . u n d e r a c h a rte r -p a r ty w h ic h co n ta in e d p r o v isio n s s im ila r to the o r ig in a l c h a rte r-p a rty . M . L ., w h o h a d no n o tice o f th e o r ig in a l c h a rte r -p a r ty , s h ip p e d a ca rg o in pursuan ce o f th e second c h a rte r-p a rty , a n d b ills o f la d in g w ere sig n e d b y th e m a s te r as presented b y w h ic h the cargo w as to be d e liv e re d to the o r d e r o r assigns o f th e sh ip p e rs o n p a y m e n t o f fr e ig h t w it h o u t recourse to sh ip p e rs as p e r the second c h a rte r-
p a rty . H e ld , th a t th e b ills o f la d in g w ere sig n e d b y th e m a s te r as agent, o f th e s h ip ow ners, an d th a t in th e circum stance s th e s h ip ow ners w ere e n title d to sue th e indorsees o f the b ills o f la d in g f o r th e f r e ig h t due th e re o n and d e m u rra g e . (A d m . D iv .) W a s tw a te r S te a m s h ip C o m p a n y L im it e d v. T . B . N e a le a n d C o... 282 24. R e s tr a in t o f p rin c e s — E n e m y — K n o w le d g e of
s h ip p e r.— T h e c a rria g e b y a s h ip o w n e r o f goods d e s tin e d f o r an a lie n enem y, w ith o u t th e k n o w ledg e a n d consent o f the s h ip p e r o f o th e r goods) on the same vessel, is a bre a ch o f d u ty b y th e s h ip o w n e r to w a rd s th e s h ip p e r o f th e o th e r goods, and he is lia b le f o r d e la y in th e d e liv e ry o f those o th e r goods occasioned b y th e seizure and d e te n tio n o f th e s h ip by reason o f th e fa c t th a t th e e n e m y ’ s goods w ere on b o a rd , a n d he is n o t excused b y an e x c e p tio n in th e b i l l o f la d in g o f loss o r dam age occasioned b y r e s tr a in t o f prin ces. (C t. o f A p p .) D u n n a n d o th e rs v.
B u c k n a ll B ro th e rs a n d o th ers ... 336 S5. S e a w o rth in e ss — C o a l — C om m ence m en t of
voya ge.— W h e re a c h a rte r -p a r ty f o r a voyage fr o m th e U n ite d K in g d o m to th e R iv e r P la te
PAGE a n d b a ck p r o v id e d th a t th e c h a rte re rs sho uld p r o v id e and p a y f o r a ll the ooal, an d th e cap
ta in was to be u n d e r th e o rd e rs a n d d ir e c tio n o f th e c h a rte re rs as re g a rd s e m p lo y m e n t, agency, a n d o th e r a rra n g e m e n ts, i t was h e ld , a ffir m in g th e de cisio n o f K e n n e d y , J ., th a t th e re was n o th in g in th e c h a rte r -p a r ty to re lie v e th e s h ip ow ners fro m th e ir d u ty o f seeing th a t the stea m er was se a w o rth y as re g a rd s h e r s u p p ly o f coals on b o a rd a t th e tim e o f le a v in g th e R iv e r P la te on h e r r e tu rn voya ge. (C t. o f A p p .) M a c lv e r a n d Co. L im ite d v. T a te S team ers L im it e d ... 362 26. S e a w o rth in e ss— D a m a g e to cargo— P e in ls o f
the sea— F itn e s s o f s h ip .— B ills o f la d in g p r o v id e d th a t c e rta in sheepskins sh o u ld be d e liv e re d in go od o rd e r a n d c o n d itio n w it h seve ral exce p
tio n s, a m o n g st w h ic h w ere loss o r dam age re s u ltin g fro m th e consequence o f a n y i n ju r y to o r d e fe c t in h u ll, ta c k le , o r m a c h in e ry , o r t h e ir a p p u rtena nces, h o w e ve r such d e fe c t o r i n j u r y m ig h t be caused, and n o tw ith s ta n d in g th a t th e sam e m ig h t have e x is te d a t o r a t any tim e b e fo re lo a d in g o r s a ilin g o f th e vessel, a n d w h e th e r th e loss o r in ju r y a r is in g th e re fro m was occasioned b y th e n e g lig e n ce o f the ow ne rs, m a ste r, officers, o r cre w , a n d w h e th e r b e fo re o r a ft e r o r d u r in g th e voya ge, o r fo r whose acts the s h ip o w n e r w o u ld o th e rw ise be lia b le , o r by unseaw orthine ss o f th e sh ip a t the b e g in n in g o r a t an y p e rio d o f th e voyage, p r o v id e d a ll reasonable means h a d been ta k e n to p ro v id e a g a in s t such un seaw orthine ss. Some o f th e sheepskins w ere d a m a g e d b y fre s h w a te r w h ic h escaped fr o m a p ip e w h ic h was b ro k e n w hen th e y w ere p u t on b o a rd . I t was a d m itte d th a t th e vesisel was n o t f i t to re ceive ca rg o a t the tim e w h e n i t was load ed, a n d th a t reason
able means h a d n o t been ta k e n to p ro v id e a g a in s t such unfitness. H e ld , th a t “ unsea
w o rth in e ss ” in th is b i l l o f la d in g in c lu d e d u n fitness to receive th e cargo, an d was n o t lim it e d to th e unfitness o f th e s h ip to m e e t th e p e rils o f th e sea ; and, th e shipo w ners n o t h a v in g ta ke n a ll reasonable m eans to p ro v id e a g a in s t such un seaw orthiness, th e y w ere lia b le fo r th e dam age. (C t. o f A p p . re v e rs in g W ills , J .) R a th b o n e B ro th e rs a n d Co. v. M a c lv e r , Sons, a n d C o... 467 27. S e a w o rth in e ss—F itn e s s to c a r ry ca rg o —P e rils
o f the sea.—P r im a fa c ie , th e w a r r a n ty o f sea
w o rth in e ss in a b i l l o f la d in g in c lu d e s fitness o f the sh ip to c a rry th e c a rg o as w e ll as fitness to e n c o u n te r th e da n g e rs o f n a v ig a tio n . (C t. o f A p p .) R a th b o n e , B ro th e rs , a n d Co. v. M a c lv e r , Sons, a n d C o... 467 28. S e a w o rth in e s s —M e a t cargo.— F ro ze n m e a t was
sh ip p e d on a stea m er u n d e r a b i l l o f la d in g , w h ic h co n ta in e d tw o clauses r e la tin g to excep
tion s. T h e fir s t clause, p r in te d in R o m a n typ e , p r o v id e d : “ N e ith e r th e s h ip n o r h e r o w n e rs s h a ll be a cco unta ble fo r th e c o n d itio n o f goods sh ip p e d u n d e r th is b i l l o f la d in g , n o r f o r an y loss o r da m a g e th e re to w h e th e r a r is in g fro m fa ilu r e o r b re a k d o w n o f m a c h in e ry , in s u la tio n o r o th e r ap p lia n ce s, r e fr ig e r a tin g o r o th e rw ise , o r fro m an y cause w hatsoever, w h e th e r e x is tin g a t th e com m ence m en t o f th e vo ya g e o r a t the tim e o f s h ip m e n t o f th e goods o r n o t.” T h e second clause, p r in te d in s m a ll ita lic s , p r o v id e d : “ T h e a c t o f G od . . . and loss o r da m age re s u ltin g th e re fro m o r fro m a n y o f the fo llo w in g causes o r p e rils a re exoepted— v iz . . . . o r fr o m an y a ccide nts to o r defects, la te n t o r o th e rw is e , in h u ll . . . o r o th e r
wise (w h e th e r o r n o t e x is tin g a t th e tim e o f the goods b e in g lo a d e d o r th e com m ence m en t o f th e voya ge) . . . i f reasona ble mean«
have been ta k e n to p ro v id e a g a in s t such defects an.d un se a w o rth in e ss.” T h e vessel, b e in g ta in te d w it h c a rb o lic a cid , w as n o t in a f i t con
d it io n to c a r ry th e m e a t w hen i t was sh ip p e d , a n d th e m e a t was th e re b y d a m age d d u r in g the voyage. I f reasonable care ha d been ta k e n to
