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T E O P E T H H E C K M H H H O J1 H T H M E C * H SH
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m 9 M A ¡Í
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3a noSefly CopHajiH3Ma... 9 H. U IA T A rH H — BejiHKHii pyccKHÖ nojiKOBoaeu, A. B. CysopOB
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KMnepnajiH3Ma... . 70
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bcio cxpaHy, h ceftaac tmchhh ópnrap, cothh uexoB BbinycKaiOT xopbKO nepBOCopTiiyto npopyKinno. OrpoMHbiñ atpcjjeKT papo MaecoBoe pBHPíeHHe 3a KOMnpeKCHyio 3koiiomhio cbipbH h MaTepnapoB, HanaToe mockobcko;í
craxaHOBKoñ Jliipneír K opa6ejibuhkoboíi: tuchhh uexos b Texenne Mecnua ne Menee opHoro phh padoiaiOT HCKPFOHHTePbHO ría c3kohomp0Hhom cbipbe.
y « e He TOPbKo OTpePbHbie nepepoBHKH, a Maccbi padoanx h paóoxHHU b h h-
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LTaxaHOBHbi nocjieBoeHHoii nHTHjieTKH, Bee Aynme oBAaACBan TexunxoH, a b h- raioT eë BnepeA, bhocht KopeHHbie ycoBepmencTBOBaHHfi b TexHOAornHecKHH nponecc, nsMensiiOT peiKHMhi paöoTbi MaujH«, craHKOB. Tax, HanpHMep, a b h- H<eH»e cxopocTHHXOB, nanaToe TOxap»MH JiaypeaTaMH Cthahhckoh npeMHH FeHpKXOM BopTKeBHHeM H riaBJIOM BbIKOBbIM, 03HaHaeT HaCTOHmyiO peBOJHO- UHK) B cymecTByiomen xexHHxe oópaóoTKH MeiajuiOB. HarAHAHO noATBep- HiAaeTCH reHHajibHoe ixpeABHAeHHe TOBapHiiia CTaAHHa: 15 act na3aA, 4 Man 1935 roAa, b penn b KpeMAëBcxoM ABOpue na Bbinycxe axaAeMuxoB Kpacnoiï ApMHH Tosapiim Ct3ahh yxa3aA, hto ecAH mm BoenwTaeM AocTaTonnoe koah- necTBo KaApoB, cnocoßi-ibix oceAAaTb HOByio Texunxy, to naina CTpana nOAyHHT BTpOe H BTCTBepO ßOAbUIIIH OiJxjieKT. y HaC eCTb y>xe ÖOAbUIOe KojiHnecTBo TaxHx xaApoB— hx BbipacTHJia napriiH , BbipacTHA bojihkhii
CTaAHH. B 3TOM OAHH H3 BajKHeHHIHX HCTOHHHKOB HOBbIX OOßeA KOMMyHHCTH- Hecxoro CTlpOHT6A bCTBa.
HpKHM noxa3aTeAeM xyAbTypHO-TexHUHecxoro noa-bëMa paßonero xAac- ca MoryT CAyiKHTb Taxue (paxTM, xax eixeroAHoe npncy>KAeHHe Cthahhckiix
npeMHH paóoHHM n paßoTHHpaM — HOBaTopaM nponsBOACTBa, xax pacTymee coApy>xecTBo CTaxanoBiieB c paGorah kamh HayxH a TexHHKH.
ro'Bapum, Ctbahh ynuT, hto HHxaKOH xo3HHCTBeHHbiä ha an ne MOJxeT ynecTb Bcex B03M0*HOCTeH, TaaiHHxcH b HeApax namero crpon. B xoac couna- AHCTHneoxoro copeBHOBaHHH iHanôoAee noAHo pacxpbiBaiOTCfi BHyrpeHHHe pe- SepBbl npOH3BOACTBa, BMHBAHIOTCH HBAOCTaTKH B paßOTe xax OTAeAbHbIX npeA- npuHTHH, Tax h peAbix orpacAeii npoMbiuiAeHiiocTH. ByAynii BbipaxieiiHeM ;ie- JIOBOH, p e B 0 A IO H.H OHH OH C 3 M OK p HTH KH M3CC, COHHaAHCTHHeCKOe COpeBHOB3HHe noMoraeT HaxoAHTb n y ra ajih ycTpaHeHHH rieaocTatkob, ajih AaAbHeiiLuero noABÖMa Bcero HapoAnoro xo3HHCTBa.
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nepeBbinoAHeHHH npoMbiujAenHocTbio b hcaom ycTaHOBAenHoro nAana no Bbmycxy bbaoboh npoAyxuH« HexoTopue oTpacAH nAaH HeAOßbmoAHHAH.
AeAO B TOM, HTO pHA npeAnpHHTTIH He TIOATOTOBHACH K TpyAUblM yCAOBHHM 3HMM HbmeuiHero roAa h b pe3yAbTaxe HCAOBbinoAHUA HHBapcxyio nporpaM- My- 3tot cfjaxT csHAeTeAbCTByeT 0 cepbë3Hbix lieAOCTaTxax b 0,praiîH3amiH n p 0 h3b0ac T b a Ha pHAe npeAnpHHTHH, a to oßcTOHTeAbCTBO, HTO B cbespaAe H MapTe HeAOBbinoAneuHe HHBapcxoro nAana ßwAo b 3HaHHTeAbHOH Mepe ne- PexpMTo, narAHAHO noxasbiBâeT xoAoccaAbubie pe3epBbi, xoTopMMH pacno- naraeT nauja npoMbunAeHi-iocTb. H a pacxpbm ie h HcnoAb30Banne pesepBOB, HMeiottuixca h a npeAnpHHTHHX, h AOA>xHa ßbiTb HanpaBAena BeAiixafl CHAa co-
a ah c thh ec k 0 r 0 cop een oe anna.
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saztaqaM h hobhm ipeoo-iaiinHM, EbmanraeMbiM >KH3Hbio.
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B 1949 roAy no cpaBHenHio c 1948 toaom AoSbma yrA fi b CCCP Bospocna Ha 13%, a b nepsoM KBapraAe 1950 roAa no cpaBHeHinocvnepBbiM KBap- T3A0M 1949 roAa — Ha 12%.
OAHaKO, Kax noKa3biiBaroT (JiaKTbi, 3a cpeAHHMH u,Ht})paMH'«epeA'KO:€Kpbi- BaiOTCH cepbe3Hbie HeAOCTaTKH » opra®H3au,UH TpyAa h u po h3b o a!Ct ba. Tax, no KOMSHnaTaM «CxaAHHyroAb» h «KaparanAayroAb» p h a maxT b 1949 roAy He BblHOAHHA yCTaHOBAeHHblX AAH HHX IIAaHOB AO'SblHH yrAH. H a HeKOTOpblX maxxax eme JKHByx amiHmexa®H3axopoKHe HacTpoeaHH, Memaiomne HcnoAb- 30Baxb Ha noAnyio Momnocxb HOByro nepBOKAaccHyio xexHHKy-,.KoxopoH ocHa- maexcH «ama yroAbHaa npoMbimAeHHOcxb. B »oM^HHaTe «CTannHyronb»
n p H M e p H O Tpexb HaAHHHoro napxa yrojifaHbix KOMSaftHOB npocxaHBaeT.
B KOMSHHaxe «KaparanAayroAb» padoxaer M e n e e noAoiBHHbi HMeiomnxcH yroJibHbix KOMdaiiHOB. nnoxoe HcinoAb3oeaHHe hoboh TfexHiWKH CKonwBaeT hhh- miaxHBy padoHHx, M e m a e x hm BbinoAHHXb cboh cou,,HaAHCTH'qecKHe,o6H3a-
T eA b C T B a.
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n o -6 o A b m e B H C T C K H p yK O iB O A IiT b CO H.H a A HC T HJTCC K H M CO peBHO BaHH eM 3H 3H H T T A yG o K O B H H K a T b B B O npO C bl O p ra H H 3 3 H H H T p y A a H n p O H 3B O A C T B a H3 n p e A n ph h thhx, n p o H B A iiT b n o B c e A H e B H V K ) 3 a 6 o x y o n p a e n A b H O M « c n o A b 3 0 B a - HHH HOBOH T e X H IIK H , O B H e A p e ilH II ne p eA O B O H X e X H O A O rH II. P yK O B O A H c o p e B - H O B a m ie M , n a p T H H H b ie o p ra H H 3 a u ,H H a o a j k h u n o c x o H H H o n o M H H T b y K a 3 a n a ie
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TOBapiima CTajiHHa o H€o6xoahmocth -nocTaoHTb paôoqnx b TâKHe ycjioBHH, kotoplic 6bi Ä'aBajiir hm BOSMOJKHocTb paöoTaxb c tomikom, nopHHMaTb npo- H3BOAHTejibHocTb Tpyaa, yjiyqmaTb KanecTBo npopyKHHH. YcraB B K J1(6) Hpe^ocTaBJiaeT nepBnqnbx\i napTHHHWM oprainiaapiiHM npoHSBOÄCTBeHHbix npe^npHHTHił npaso kohtpojih peHTeabHocxH aanaiiiicTpam m . He ïioæm&hhh
xo3aHCTBe¡H'Hbix pyKOBopHTejieñ, peñcTByn ee ixomhmo hhx, a qepes hhx, nap
THHHbie OpraHH3ap¡HH o6H3a-HH HaCTOHKHBO H SHepTHIHO ÄOÖHBaTbCH, KTOiÖbl
ähih Bcex yqacTHHKOB coniiajiiiCTHMecKoro oop gehob a hhh ¿bum cospanbi npo- H3Bop,cTBeHHbie ycjioBHH, oiöecneqHBaiomHe BbinoJineiiHe 11 nepeBbinoJineHHe BSHTblX KM« 0l6H3aTejIbCTB. Bc3 3TOTO IHeT IH He MOJKOT 'ÖblTb-^eHCTBUTeJIbHOrO PyKOBOÄCTBa COH'HajIHCTHqeCKHM COpeOHOBaHHeM.
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K cojKajieH'HK), y nac eipë ecTb npepjnp hhthh, rjÿ e nopjiHHHaH öopböa 3a qëT- Kyio opraHHsanHio xpyaa nopMeHHeTCH niTypMOiBiuHHOH, aspaJiaMH. HeKOTopbie Xo3HHCTBeHHbie pyKOBopHTejiH nbiTaiOTCH paxee BBecTii b cucTeMy aspajibi h
uiTypiiMbi, «ysaKOHHTb» 6ecKO.Heq«bie CBepxypoqubie paéoTbi, ripo¡i:¡¿;o. n>Hoe ne- peHeceHHe BbixopHbix a neił h t. p. Tax, HanpHiwep, aa npep n phhthhx Mhhh- crepcTBa CTaHKOCTpoeHHH ao Heaaniiero BpeMcn;! aeiiCTBOßaji npHKa3 'mwhh- CTpa, npHMo opHeHTHpyKiiirHH anpeKTapoB BaiBoaoB na Hapymeiiire coseTCKoro Tpyaoßoro 3a,KOHoaaTejibCTBa, na ocyxiaëHHbie naprneñ mctohm iUTypMOBiHH- Hbi. 3t o t n p H K a 3 6m j i OTMemëH c ö o iib iH H M ono3A a© H eM , n p n q ë M TOJibKO n o c n e p e n iH T e jib H o ro B M eu ia T e jib C T B a BU,GnC.
n a p T H H H b ie o p r a « ii3 a n H H n e M o r y r c t o h t b b C T op on e o t B o n p o c o B opra- HH3aUH'H T p y a a H np0H3BO/ICTBa, OH!! ÄOJIHCHbl AO&HBaTbCH!- OT X03HÍÍCTBeHHbIX pyK O B O A H T ejiefł co3,naHHH x a ’KHx y c jio B H H , KO Topbie oöecn eq H B aiO T p o B H b iü npoH3Boa,CTBe«HHbiH pHTM, p a g ó r y n o rp a c p iiK y , 6e3 pbiBKOB h uiT ypM O B - IPHHbl.
PyKOBOÄHTb COHHajIHCTUqeCKHM COp CBH O B a H H6M, KOTOpOe HBJIHeTCH BH- paaceHHeM TBopqecKon HHHHHaTHBbi h caMop;eHTejibHpcTH Macc, — 3HaqiiT npeiKae Bcero noBceaneBno paöoTaTb c aioflbMH, nojiHTHqeoKH BoennTbiBaTb HX, nOBbimaTb HX C03HaTejIbH0CTb, nOa,HHMaTb qyBCTBO OTBeTCTBeHHOCTH Kaa-:a;oro paöoTHHKa nepea P o^im ofi, nepeA Cobctckhm rocya,apcTBOM.
UoBTOMy BaacHeHHiHM ycjiOBHëM öoJibmeBHCTCKoro pyKOBO^CTBa copeB- HOBaHHeM HBjiaeTCH xopoujo HOCTaEjieHHaii napTHHHO-nojiHTHqecKaa paöoTa B Maccax.
ToiBapHiii, CT3JIHH yqHT: «...Hano pasBHCHHTb yKa3aiHHiH napTHH h Co- ßeTCKOH BJiaCTH, paSBHCHHTb TepneJiHBo H BHHMaTeJIbHO, qTO'Öbl HOHHJIH -noaH, qero xoqeT napTHH h «yaa oHa BeaëT cxpaHy. He noHsuin ceroÄHii — noTpyfllHTec’b oóbHCHHTb saBTpa. He nonajin 3aBxpa — noTpyinnecb Oi6bhcÍ KHTb noejie3aBTpa. Bes axoro He öyaex h He mojkct 6bi:ib xenepb HMKaxoro P y koboäctb a ». 3 x o noHiojKCHHe xoBapiima CTajmaa — ocHosa ochob bcch
n ap XH hh o -n o jihth q e c k o h paöoTW. Tojibko na stom nyT« h mojkiio aafixH npa- ßHjibHoe, öcwibiiießHCTCKoe pemeHHe scex BonpoeoB, cBH3aiiHbix c pyicoBo«- CXBOM COHHajIHCTI-iqeCKHM COp©BiHOB3H.H€M.
CopH a JHHCTHqecKoe c op ©bhob 3hh e pasBëpTbiBaéTCH b noanyio cnay h paëT KaHÖojibuiHH 3(J)t|ieKT TaM, rpe KajKpbiñ yqacxHHK copeBwoBaHHH hcho hohh- Ma6T cMbicji h BHaqeHHe ciBoero xpypa, ero cBH3b c KHxepecaMH CoBexcKoro r °cypapcxBa, paccMaxpHiBaeT ero xaK Hepaapwe-Hyio qacxb Bcenapopnoxo pejia CTpoHTeJIbCTBa KO!M M y HH3M a.
n a p T H H H b ie o p raH H 3a H H H , pyiK O B opa cop na jiH C T iiq ecK iH M copeBHOBaHHCM, 0H3aiHbI POÖHTbCH, HTOÓbl KOM'MyHHCTbl HIJIH B n e p e p H , JIHHHblM Iip iIM e p O M jB jie K a jiH 3 a c o ö o ö k o j u ic k t h b. K a a ia b iñ K O M M yancT — p a ö o q n H , ó p n r a p iip ,
IïE P E flO B A iî
MacTep, HH*eiiep, KOHCTpyKTOp — Ha cbocm y n a c ra e aonxceH noKasbisaib o6- pa3Ubi BbinoJiHeHHH counajiHCTHMecKtix 00H3aTenbCTB, aonjKen ôopoTbcn 3a to,
hto6w Becb KOJiJieKTHB e ro ô puraabi, y n a c ra a , uexa, npeanpHHTHH b nenoM nepeßbmojiHHji nnaH, paôoTan bhcoho np oh 3 b oa hte ji bH o. HeoßxoaHM o cocpe- AOTOHHBaTb CHJibi KOMMyHHCTOB Ha pemaiournx ynacm ax npoH3BoacTBa, no- BbimaTb pojlb nepBHHHblX napTHHHblX OpraHH3aU,HÎi B pa3BHTHH COpeB- KOB3HHH.
rioCTOHHHOH H TJiaBHOH 3aÖOTOH KaJKÄOH IiapTHHHOH Opra«H3aUHH JOJI-
îkho 6biTb pacnpocrpaHeHHe nepeaoBoro onbira, noMOWb paôoHHM h paôoT- HHU.3M B OBJiaAeHHH BbICOKOnpOH3BOAHTeJIbHbIMH MeTOpaMH Tpyaa. BeJIHKHM JleHHH, BbiÂBHraa Haeio conHanHcranecKoro copeBHOBaHHH, roBopnn, hto npn opraHH3auHH copeBHOBaHHH Haao oôecneHHTb, Bo-nepBbix, ero macHOcra, bo- BTOpbix, cpaBHHMocTb pe3ynbTaTOB, B-TpeTbHX, B03M0H<H0CTb npaKTHneCKoro noBTopeHHH onbiTa. 3 r a nenHHCKHe nonojKeHHH onpeaennioT bck> p a ô o iy nap- THHHblX OpraHH3aUHH BO pyKOBOflCTBy COpeBHOBaHHeM. HeOÔXOÂHMO nCCTa- BHTb aeno Tan, HToôbi na Ka)Kp,OM npeanpHHTHH, b KaaraoM nexe, na KancaoM npoHSBOÄCTBeHHOM ynacTKe paGonne B«aenH, kto naëT Bnepean, noHHManH, K3K nepeflOBHKH ÂOÔHjiHCb ycnexoB, htô nyatHo caenara ann toto, htoöh
HCnOJIbSOBaTb «X OnblT.
C aM o ro pe3Koro ocyaraennH 3acay>KHBaeT Tañan n p a n ra n a , n o ra a htoth
copeBHOBaHHH noflBOÂHTCH KaÔHHeiHbiM nopH^KOM, 6es yaacTHH Mace, oe3 BcecTopoHHero oôcyaraeHHH Ha paGoanx coèpaHHHx, 6e3 uiHpoKoro pa3BHc- HeHHH TOTO, K3KHM nyTÖM nepeflOBHKH copeBHOBaHHH AOÖHJlHCb CBOHX ycnexoB.
H3BeCTH0, HTO TeXHHKH 6e3 JIiOpCK MepTB3. TeXHHKa BO TJiaBe C JTIO^bMH, OBjiajeBuiHMH TexHHKOH, M O *e T a a r a h aaëT nyaeca. OnbiT noKa3biBaeT, hto
couHajiHCTHHecKoe copeBHOBaHHe HanSonee aeficTBCHHo hmchhoTaM, w e n a p raw Hbie hripoi})coi03Hbie opraHH3au,HH npoHBJiHioT hobcea heBay K) 3 a 6 o îy o no- BbimeHHH tcxh'HaecKHX 3H3hhm yaacTHHKOB copeBHOBaHHH, ra e Bonpocbi Tex- HHHfeCKOH yqëôbl HaXOaHTCH B aeHTpe BHHM3HHH napTHHHblX H X03HHCTBCHHbIX pyKOBoaHTejieñ. npaieraKa BbiaBHHyna mhoto onpaBaaBLHHx ce6n cj)opM t3KoS yaëôbi — cTaxanoBCKHe ujkojim, KpyavKH TexMHHHMyMa, b c sb 03 mo>khw e tcxhh- MecKHe Kypcbi, opraHH3an,HH Ha np ean phhthhx Benepmix (J)hjih3jtob TexHHKyMOB
h HHCTHTyTOB, 3aoiiH3H ynëôa h t. a- 3 a a a « a 3aKaiOHaeTCH b tom, HTo6bi uinpoKo Hcnojib30BaTb Bce ara (J)opMbi yqëôbi.
CaMoe cepbë3Hoe bhhManne aoJOKHo ôbiTb yaeJieno 3kohomhhcckomv 06- pa30B3HHK) HauiHX pyKOBoaHmHX KaapoB. 3acJiv>KHBaeT BCHHecKoro noompe- HHH paôoTa, HanaTan 3a nocJieanee BpeMH Ha MarHHToropcKOM MeiaJiJiyprH- iHecKOM KOMÖHHaTe HMe«H CTajiHHa, rae co3aaHa HinpoKaH ceTb KpyxBKOB h
ceMHHapoB no H3yneHHio skohomukh npOH3BoacTBa. Bmoctc c TeM naao 3Ha- IKOMHTb C BOnpOCaMH 3K0H0MHKH paÔOHHX H paÖOTHHH. MHTCpCC K 3THM BO- HipOCaM OOpOMHblH, H H6M ayHUie OHH pa3-bHCHHIOTCH, TeM 3(J)(jjeKTHBHCe HaCT copeBHOBaHHe 3a CHHJKeH.ne ceôecTOHmocth npoayKUHH, 3a CBepxnaano- Bbie HaKonneHHH, 3a skohomhio cbipbH, MaTepnajioB, TonjiHBa, aaeKTpo- SHeprHH.
IIpaBH abH oe pynoBoacTBo counaJiHCTiinecKHM copeBHOBahhcm bo3mo>kho jiira ib b oßcTaHOBKe ruapoKO pasBëpHyTOH ôcwibineBhctckoh kphthkh h caMo- KpHTHKH. ConnaJIHCTHneCKOe CopeBHOBaHHe HBJiaeTCH aeHCTBCHHblM Opy>KH6M cob€tickhx Jnoaeñ b 6opb6e 3a HOBoe, nporpeccHBHoe, npoTHB c ia p o ro , ot- HiHBUiero. ynacTByH b copeBHOBaHHH, MHaaHOHbi cobctckhx naTpHOTOB n pene non ne h w peiuHM ocra i-ieycraHiio « a r a snepëa, aoÔHBaTbCH aeë noBbix h HOBbix y c n e x o B . Ohh hc MoryT n He xotht mhphtbch c HeaocTaTKaMH b opraHH3auHH Tpyaa h npoH3Boacraa, c ycTapesruHMn HopMaMH, c HesKonoM h u m, p a c Ton hTea b hbi M pacxoaoBaHHeM MaTepHaabHbix pecypcoB, c HenpafiHab- HbiM Hcnoab30BaHHeM Tpyaa n tcxhmkh. Ohh aoSnaaioTCH H anöoaee noanoro pacKpbiTHH Bcex BHyipeHHHX pe3epBOB, Tanm uxcH b H eapax Harnero n apo a-
nEPBÆOBAH 7
Horo xo3HiicTBa, h craBfiT sth pe3ep-BH Ha cjiyxcOy BejiHKOMy Xejiy erpon- rrejibCTBa KOMMynH3Ma.
H o æjih Toro, HTO'öbi Macew paßöHHx ycneuiHO BCKpbma/iw hcæocTaiKH, noMorajiH naxoÆHTb n y rn hx ycTpaHeHHH, napTHHHbie opraHH3aiiHH jicyi>KHbi HyTKO npHCJiyuiHBaTbCH K ro jio cy kphthkh. CaMOKpiiTHKa, nncaji Tosapniu;
CTajiHH, «aaëT MaTepuaji (h tojihqk) jijíh Harnero npoABHJKeHHH Bnepën, ÆJIfl pa3BH3bIB2HH5î CTpOHTeJIbHOfi SHepTHH TpyUHIUHXCH, .ZU1H paSBHTHH CO- p e BH ob a hhh , ju in yaapHbix öpiira/L h t. n.». Oicio.aa sanana — uiHpe, cmc- Jiee pa3BëpTWBaTi, nejioßyro, npaHUHimajibHyio 6 an luicbhctck y io KpHTHKy H CaMOKpHTHKy.
IiapTHHHbie opranH3auHH æojijkhh ao6htbch Toro, htoöm coimajiHCTHne- CKHM COpeBHOBaUHeM H30 ÄHH B fleHb 38HHM8JlHCb XOSHHCTBeHHbie pyKOBO^IH- TejiH, npo(J)coK)3Hbie h KOMcoMOJibCKHe opraHH3auHH, a TaioKe Hama nenaTb.
nepeeSmeñ oGasanHOCTbio coßeTCKoro xo3HHCTBeHHHKa siBJiseTCH BceMepHan noflflepjKKa HOBaiopoB npoH3BoncTBa, neHHbix HanHHannfi nepenoBHKOB.
Hejibsa pyKOBOOTTb 3aBO^OM, chah b KaÖHHere. CoBeTCKnił xo3hSctbchhhk
■HOJIHíeH ßblTb TeCHO CBH33H C MSCC3MH, C 3KTHBOM, TIOCTOHHHO OtiHpaTbCH Ha nepeaoBHKOB npoh3boäctba, nyrKo npHCJiyuiHßaTbca k xpHTHKe, nnymeñ ot
Mace, Bo-BpeMH 3aMenatb h noimepJKHBaTb to HOBoe, nró KaxmoÆHeBHo poxc;zaeiCH hx TBopnecKoii hhhuti a thb0h . Tojibko npn stom ycjioBHH xo- 3HHCTBeHHbIH pVKOBOAHTeJIb MOÎKeT TIOCTOHHHO yJiymiiaTb OpraHH3aUHIO Tpy- Aa H H pOH 3 B OflCT B a, HàXOÂHTb H HCnOJIbSOBaTb BCë H OB blé H .HOBbie Pe3epBbI.
npocjjcoK)3bi, es h3 mb a rom ne napraio c paôoHHMH MaccaMH npexine Bcero no JIHHHH npOH3BOÂCTBeHHOH, H 611 OC p &AC T B 6 H H 0 OpraUH3yK>T C Op ©B H OB 3 HH S B Uexe, Ha ynacm e. Buieere c X03HHCTBeHHbiMH pyKOBOÆHTejiHMH npocpcoioaHbie opraiU Baitfm najiaxŒBaiOT pa&OTy npoHSBoncTBeHHbix cosemaHHÜ, oôécnenH- BaroT rjiacHocTb c op obhob a hhh , Benyr ynëT ero pe3yjibTaTOB, noMoraiOT napT- o p r á HH3 a HH h M pacnpocTpaHHTb nepénoBOñ onbiT. Oóbcahhhh nonaBjiHiomee 6 O JI b LU H H CT B O paÔOHHX H CJîyX<aiU,HX, npOC{)CO'K)3H ÆOJIÎKHbl 3IiaTb, nCM JKH- Byx yuaCTHHKH COpeBHQBaHHH, K a K O B b I HX 3anpOCbI H TpeÔOBaHHH, AOÓH BaTbCH OCymeCTBJieHHH 3THX TpeÔOBBHHH, C03flaHH5L HeOÖXOUHMblX ycjio-
ehh AJifi noBbiiueHHH npoH3Boj;HTejibHocTH Tpyiia Bcex paôouHx h pa- ÖOTHHU.
H a HaniHx 3aBoxax h cjjaôpnKax paôoraeT mhoho MOJiOÂëxcH. fleHb oto ähh pacTëT Mojio^oe nonojiHeHue paßouero KJiacca. KoMcoMOJibCKne opraHH- 3amm npH3BaHbi BceMepno pa3BiiBaTb counajiricTiiHecKoe copeBHOBaiiiie, aaßoTHTbCH o noBbimeHHH rrojiiiTHuecKoro, KyjibTypHo-TexHHueoKoro ypoBiia h
KBaXHCpHKaUITH MOJIOnblX paÖOUHX.
Heo6xo,üHMO noBbimaTb pojib Hameu neuaTH kbk öoeßoro opraHH3dTopa connaJiHCTHuecKoro copeBHOßaHHH. Bonpocbi naJibHeümero pa3BHTHH couaa-
•aUCTHHeCKOH 3KOHOMHKH, BOILpOCbl COpeBHOBaHHH ÄOJLJKHbl CT OH Tb B peHTpe ßHHMaHHH neuaTH. OHa npuaBaHa-bo-bpcmh noaxBaTbiBaTb h mupoxo pac- npocTpaHHTb Bcë HOBoe, nepenoBoe, nporpeccuBnoe, rjiyöoKo noKa3biBaTb
«KapTHHy Toro, k a k npoBOflHTCH copeBHOBaHne c a mhmh M a c c a M H , xap- THuy toto, HTO n e p e j K H B a i O T MHJuruoHHbie Maccw paßouHX, ocyme-
ctbjihh cope bh o b a hh e u iioxnacbiBaH floroBopbi, xapraHy toto, hto Maccbi
;Pa6ounx CHHTaioT a,ejio copeo hob a hhh c b o h m co 6,ctb e hhh m, p o A-
’E H M X, e ji OM» (C T a JI hh) . KaJKAaa raaeia ÄO.n>Kna CTaTb noxnHHHOÍí rp n -
’5yHOH nepe^oBo-ro onbiTa, ^OJimaa co bcch öojibmeBHCTCKoß HenpHMupH- MOCTblO ÖOpOTbCH IIpOTHB BCerO TOTO, HTO MCUiaeT paSBHTHK) HHHUHaTHBbl Macc.
Ha HOBOM MOULHOM noÄ'beMe HaxoÄHTCH iiarna EejiHKan coBeTCKan
°nHHa. riepBOMañcKHÜ npH3bio HeHrpaJibHoro KoMUTcxa B K H (6 ) — uiupe PasEépTbiBaTb couHajiHCTHqecKoe copeBnoBaHue są Äocpounoe BunojmeHue
^ aPOij,Hoxo3HHCTBeHHoro miana 1950 ro ^ a — BCTpexHJi caMbiñ ropa-uiu
»kjiilk y MHJiJiKOHOB paöouHx, KpccTbHH, HHTejyiHreHU,HH. Y>Ke nepBbie ähh
8 IIE P Ę flO B A H
Man 03HaM'6HÖBajIHCfa HOBbIMH TpypOBblMH POÖepaiMH COßeTCKHX jnonsü.
3 m noöepbi m hohotch, 3HaMenya yBepennyio nocTyrib coBeTCKoro Hapopa no iiaaepTaHHOMy BejiHKHM CTajinHbiM nyra k KOMMynnaMy.
MnajiHOHbi ynacTHHKOB BcenapopHoro conn an perane c ko ro copeB ho sa hhh
oxBaneHbi b&jihkhm nat})ocoM crpoHTejibCTBa, npoHHKHyTbi co3naHneM ncTopH-
«ecKOH 3HaqnMocTH cBoero Tpypa. Fpe ó u hh TpypujiCH coßeTCKHH nejiOBeKy
oh 3HaeT, HTo ero paöoTa, ero ycnjiHH cnymaT yxpenjiCHHio MoryipecTBa copna- JIHCTHHeOKOH PopHHbl, yMiHOJKeHHIO eë CJiaQbl, pejiy CrpoHTejibCTBa KOMMy- HH3M3. B 3THx ycjioBHHx HCKjnoHHTejibiHo BascHoe 3iiaqeHne npHoöpeTaeT ynie- jioe h ripaBHJTbHoe pynoBopcTBo napTHHHbix opraH'H3apHH copnajmeTHnecKHM copeBHOBaHHeM. «Maccbi,— ynnT noBapnuj; OrajiHH, — caivin xotht, htoöh hmh pyKOBOpHJiH, h Maccbi HipyT TBepÄoro pyKOBopcTBa. Ho Maccbi xotht, ciTo6bi pyKOBopcTBO öbijio He tJiopMajibHoe, ne 6yMa>KHoe, a peHCTBHTejibpoe, nOHHTHOe PJIH HHX... Ho, HTO'Öbl yCHJIHTb pyKOBOPCTBO, HeOÖXOPHMO, HTOÖbl cano pyKOBOÄCTBo CTajio ßojiee mßKHM, a napraa Boopyxmjiacb MancHMajib'
höh qyTKocTbio k 3anpocaM Maoc».
B CBoeö paöoTe no pyROBopcTBy copnanhcthneekhm copeBHOBamieM napTHHHbie OpraHH3apHH ÄOJIJKHbl nOCTOHHHO HCXOÄHTb H3 3THX yK33aHHH Harnero BenHKoro bojkäh h ynuTena — h Torpa TBopnecKaa HHnpnaTHBa Mace pa3BepnÖTCH c hoboh chjioh, copHanHCTHnecKoe copesHOBaHue pacr eine 6 anee BbicoKne pesynbraibi, ycKopna pBifiKeHne Hainen Pophhm k
KOMMyHH3My.
C i a j i H H C K a M n p o r p a M M a 6 o p & f e i
s a n o 6 e # y c o i p a j i i S M â
(K 25-jieTHK) flOKJiaAa H. B. CraerHHa «K, ü io ra M -paÖOT X IV ifOH^epenuHH PKEl(ô)»)
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E . J le ó e d e e a , E . H u k o j i i i h
ZtB"a^iXá'Tb'»'nHTb^'jfet5'iKraiAf-'‘I'5.’'H' Í3 m<ih 1 ^ 5 :iríw a , ‘ b..«ripaBAe» 6¿ui onyßjTHKOB'aH AOK,naá T0®apnma -Gram m a «K HToraM"paßoT X IV KOHCpepen- UHH PK.n ( 6)„», CAejiaHHfciH na coópanHH axTiiBa mockobckoh napTHHHpñ j op-
ranuaauHH.' ' ■
BejiHAaâiuee 3HaHeHHe*XIV napriíñHoñ aoHcpepeHUHH coctosuio b tom,
ato ona na ocHOBe jieHHHCKoS Teopim o bo3Mojkhocth noóeabi coH,«ajiH3Ma B OAHOHiCrpaHe, TeOpHH, pa3,BHTOH H; OÔOramëHHOH TOBapHmeM CT3JIHHHM, Boopfy>Kn*a, napTHK) Hjwcb>coBeromñiHap’o« irnepejioM-HHñ m m peBOJnopHH MomPtit 5TCHOH neponeffiFBBoiPnoóeaoHOCHoro • coií»ajincTiiqeoKoro -CTpÖHTejib- CTBa. ^eHHHCKO-CTajiHHCKaa. ycxaHOBKa Ha noöeay copuajiHSMa b Hameñ CTpane ißbijia npHH-Hxa ■h a X IV KompepeHm-m k3k saaoii nap™«, ,o6a3aTejib- Hbiñ,a m Bcex AJieHos -napran. Koöc|)epeHUHH ocyAMia KainHTyjiHHTCKHe^^cTeo- pHH» OTKpbITbIX H CKpbITbIX BpaTOB ■ JieHHHH3Ma H TIpHHHJI3*• KOHKpfeTHyiO UpO- rpaMMy 6opb6bi aa noöeay copnajmajMa b Hameñ crpane.
JXoKjiaa TOBapnm,a CTajmna 0 6 HT'orax paôor X IV napTHñHon Komjie- pSHHIIH HBHJIC5I BblAaiOIHHMCH COÖblTHeM B ÎÏ.TGHKOH >KH3HH ÓOJIblHSBIíCTCKOÍf napami, B eë 6opb6e 3a noöeay copHajiH3Ma. Pa3BHBaa b stom aoiijiaae JienHHCKyio TeopHio o bo3mojk>hocth noPeabi coiwajiH3Ma b oahoíi CTpane, roBapHiu; Ct3jihh bmccto c TeM aaji KJiaocmiecKHñ anajiH3 MeJKAyj-iapoAHoro nojiojKeHHH toto BpeMCHH, ocBeraa BajKHeñmHe npoöjieMbi acarejibhocth
KOMMyHHCTHHeCKHX napTHÍI ■ KanHTajIHCTHAeCKHX CxpaiH H KOMMyiTHCTHAeCKOrO ABpJKeHHH B KOJIOHH-ajIbH-blX H! 3aBHCHMbIX CTpanax.
* * *
TOBapHma GTajiHHa «K HT-oraM pa ö o r X IV KOHcfiepeHHHH X ! U o ) » , HBHBIHHHCH H G H H eñlU H M B K JiaAO M B M 3p KCHCTC KO - JieH HH CKy 10 T e o - PHIO, aaa BcecTopoimee oßociioBanHe renepajibHOii jihhhh óojibmesHCTCKoñ
n a p T H H na n o ö e a y comia.nH3Ma b «am eii crpane h öecnom,aaHo pasoS,lamia
K a n u T y jia iiT C K y io ahhhjo tpohkhcxob, CTpeMMBrnn-xcH k p e t n a a p a m m K a n n -
TajiH3Ma.
I \ KOHuy BoccTaHOBHTeabHoro -nepuoaa Bonpoc o bo3mo>khocth noöeabi c°iWajiH3Ma b Hameñ CTpane npnoöpea occöyio ocTpOTy. 3to oß-bHCHHAOCb,*
ßo-nepsbix, TeM, hto npo6.neMa nocTpoemiH comiajiH3Ma npnoßpejia yace ne- 1‘ ocpeacTBeHHo npaKTnqecKoe snaaeHHe, bo-bto phx, cjioaiHOCTbio MOKayHa- POAHOH h BnyrpeHueil oöcTanoBKH toto BpeMenn.
B 3K0H0MHKe CTpaHbi m ua Toraa oaeecTOHeHHaH öopböa Meaeay aae- leHTaMH cop'HaaHSMa h ajieMOHiaMH KannTaan3Ma.
CaMOOTBepÿKeHHO TpyaHCb, paÖO'IHH Kaacc H KpeCTbHHCTBO noa pyKO- oacTBOM oojibmeBHCTCKOii napraw saBepuiaan na ocHOBe hoboh SKOHOMHae- Yn?H- nojIHT1¿KH’ nP0B0 3raamëHH0H b 1921 r-oay, BoccTaHOBaem-ie Hapoanoro c0 3iincTBa. BaaoBaa iipoayKHHH KpynHOH npoMbimaeHHocxn b 1925 roay co- TaBjiaaa yjKe okoao Tpëx aeTBepTeñ aoBoennoro ypoBHH. CeabCKoe
ohhctbo Taxaee npiî6jiH>Kaaocb K aoBoenHbiM pa3MepaM, aocrarHyB 87%
YPOBHH 1913 roaa. B HapoanoM xosañcTBe Bcë 6oaee yapenanancb KOMana- no3HuiiH counaaiisMa, h coHiiajiHCTHaecKaa npoMbiuijieHHocTb npnoßpe-
10 E. JJE EE flE B A, E. H H K O JIH H
Tana orpoMHbiH nepeßec Han npoMbiinneHHOCTbio nacTHofi. Æona rocynap- GTBeHHOH « KOOnepaTHBHOÍÍ npOMblUIJieHHOCTH C 76,3% B c e fi CyMMbl npOMbllll- neimoro npoii3BoncTBa b 1923/24 xo3añcrBeHHOM rosy noBbicunacb b
1924/25 ro n y y * e no 79,3%, nona >xe Hacraoñ npoMbimneimocTH c 23,7%
CHH3nnacb no 20,7% . B oônacra BHyTpeHHeñ ToproBjiH couHanucTHHecxHH ceKTop sën ynopHoe h ycneuiHoe HacTynneHHe Ha aacTHbiH xamiTan. Ecjih b
1923/24 X0 3HÖCTB6HH0M Tony nona rocynapcTBeHHoñ TOprOBJIH B OÖUieM OÖO- poTe BHyTpeHHeñ TOproBjiH cocTaBnana 45% , nona xoonepamni — 19%, aacT- Horo KariHTajia — 35% , to b 1924/25 ro n y nona rocynapcTBa yBenHinnacb no 50% , nona KoonepauHH B0 3pocna no 24,7% , a nona nacTHoro xannTana
CHH3HJiaCb no 24,9% .
Ha ocHOBe nonteM a n p o m bi mn en no c th h cenbcxoro xo3añcTBa ynym na- jiocb önarococToaime paöoaero xnacca h xpecTbHHCTBa. BbicTpo pocna hhc- jieHHOcTb paôoanx, nonHHManacb 3apaooTHaa nnaTa, noBbimanacb nposi3BO- ń ht en b h o c Tb Tpyna. Cepbë3iio ynymnanocb h MaTepuanbHoe nonomemie KpecTbaHCTBa.
ynenbiibiH Bec cou’HajiHCTHHecKHX BJieMeHTOB bo Bcex ccjiepax napon- fioro xo3añcTBa Bcë 6onee B03pacTan b ymepô sneMeiiTaM xanHTanHCTHHe- CKHM. Onuaxo k a n ht a n hcthh eox h e aneMenra b npoMbimneHHOCTH h b Top- roBjie Bcë emë 3anHManH saMeraoe mbcto. Cenbcxoe >xe xo3hhctbo b to
BpeMH npencTaBJiano co&oñ oxeaH Menxnx, pa3npo6neHHbix xpecTbHucxHx
xo3hhctb c KpaiiHe OTcnanoñ TexHiiKOH, npmiëM xynanecTBO Bcë emë ocTa- Banocb 3HamiTenbHOH ohjioh b nepeBiie.
AHaJiH3Kpya xapaxTepHbie Hep™ toto nepnona, TOBapnm OrannH cpaB- HHBan ero c nepHonoM nonroTOBKH OxTaópbcxoñ conHanHCTHnecxoñ peBonio- UHH. Oômaa nepTa sthx nepaonoB, necMOTpa na bcio rpoMannyio pa3inmy Me>xny hhm h, cocToana b tom, hto o6a ohh oTpamann co6oñ nepenoMHbiñ MOM6HT B pa3BHTHH peBOJÜOUHH. «Toma, B 1917 TOny, — HHCajI TOBapHIU CTanmi b «FIpaBne» 7 Hoaôpa 1925 rona, — peab urna o tom, htoôh cnenaTb nepexon ot BnacTH 6yp>xya3HH k BJiacTii nponeTapuaTa. Tenepb, b 1925 ro
ny, pcHb HnëT o tom, htoôh cnenaTb nepexon ot Hmiemneñ 3kohomhxh, ko- Topyio Hejib3a Ha3BaTb b uenoM comiajmcTHaecKofl, k axonoMKxe couHann- CTnaecKOH, k toh axoHOMHxe, KOTOpaa nonixna riocnyKiiTb MaTepnanbiioä ocHOBoñ coimanHcraaecxoro oômecTBa» (Con., t. 7, CTp. 252).
ToBapiim CTajiHH noKa3aji b CBoëM noxnane, hto napany c HeyxnoHi-ibiM pOCTOM SXOHOMHHCCXOM H nonHTHHeCXOH M0I11H CoBeTCKOTO CoK)3a HMeno Me- CTo h aexoTopoe ornHEJieime b xo3aficTBeHHOM pa3BiiTHii KanHTamiCTuaecKHX CTpan, nacTymina BpeMeHHaa, HacTinmaa CTa6HJra3auna xanHTanH3Ma. «Ho- Boe, — yKa3biBan TOBapnm CTanmi, — OTKpbiBuieeca 3a nocnenmiñ nepHon
h Hano>KHBHiee nenan, na MeixnyHaponHoe nonoixeHHe, coctoht b tom, hto b Espone Hananca otjihb peBomomni, Hananocb HexoTopoe sarauibe, to, hto
na3biBaeTca y Hac BpeMemiOH CTaönnn3auHeH xanHTanH3Ma, n p h onuoBpe- MeHHOM pOCTe X0 3HHCTB€HH0r0 pa3BHTHH H II O.II H T H HCC KO ii MOmU CoBeTCXOrO Coiosa» (TaM >xe, CTp. 91).
B nepBbie ro n u nocne oxonnaHHa mhpoboh bohhh 1914— 1918 ronoB xaniiTanHCTHaecxHe cTpaHbi Eßponbi nepe>xnBajiH ocTpeninnn axoHOMHae- CKHH H nonHTHHeCKHH XpH3HC. PeBOniOHHOHHOe nBHJXeHHe B repMaHHH, HTa- jiHH, BonrapnH, rio n b iiie h n p y rn x cTpaHax eBponeñcxoro xoHTHHeiiTa noîpa- cano ycTOH xanHiannaMa. B oônacTH axonoMHaecxoñ jxh3hh pe3xo nanu n p OH3 b onCTBo h ToproBna, b ôonbmHHCTBe xaniiTajiHCTHHecxHX CTpan 6bino ne3opraHH30Bano n e n o xiio e oßpamemie, oöocTpHnca xpii3Hc côbiTa, poena 6e3pa6oTHua.
K 1925'rony xapTHiia necxonbxo H3Meimnacb. npoii3BoncTBo h ToproB- na b CTpaHax xamiTannsMa, xoth h Mennemio, nomnn BBepx, npHÖnnmaacb x noBoeiiHOMy ypoBHio. B pane eBponeiicmix rocynapcTB ôbina nocTHruyTa CTa- 6HJiH3au;HH BaniOTbi.
B nonHTHaecxoH >kh3 hh xaniiTaniiCTi-mecxiix crpaH HacTynnna nonoca OTnHsa peBoniouHH. HMnepiianHcrHHCCKoii 6yp>xya3Hn ynanccb nonaanTb pe-
C T A JIIIH C K A H n P O rP A M M A E O P b E b I 3 A nO E E A Y C 0 1 ÍH A J IH 3 M A
11
Bo.fnoiiHOHHoe ABHweHHe 1 9 4 8 -1 9 2 3 foaob. CnaÓocxb 3anaOToeBPoneñcKHX KOMMyHHCTHqecKHx n a p rn ii Toro BpeMeHH H no/yioe npeaaxejibCXBo jiHaepoe COPHajI-^eMOKpaTHH HBHJIHCb BaJKHeñlUHMH npHHHHaMH TOrO, MTO peBOJIIOUH- OHHbiH nonx>eM 1918— 1923 foao.b He yaemajiCH ycnexoM: KanHTajiH3M na dnane ycxona npoxHB p e bojiioiuiqhií o r o naxHCKa Mace nocjie nepBofi mhpo-
BOIl BOHHbl. ^
B ycJioBHHx HacTyniiBiueH xoraa HacTimHoñ cxa6njiH3auHH KaniiTajiH3Ma Jiaxen HMnepnaJiH3Ma — npaBbie coanajincTbi — Kpimajm o «BceMoryipeciBe»
KanHTajiH3Ma, o BenHocra h He3biójieMocxH KanHTaJiHcraqecKoro expon 3e3opraHH30BbmajiH paóoquñ Kjiacc, nponoBe^oBajiH oxxa3 ot KJiaccoaoñ OOpbObl.
Pa3o6jiaqaa onnopxyHHcxHHeoKHe «xeopan» npaBbix copHajiHcxoB h hx
TpouRHcxcKo-SyxapHHCKHX noaneBaji, xoBapHin CxaaHH HeonpoBepiKiiMo ao- Ka3ají> qTo HacxynHBUiee bxoxmomcht sarnuibe, oxjihb peBOJiiopHH na 3anaae
hoctix BpeMenHbiñ, npexoAHmnñ xapaxxep. JoBapiim CxajiHH oco6o noAnepic- Hyjt, hto cxaÓHJiH3aii,H5i KanHxajiH3Ma nBjinexcn BpeMeHHoñ, HacxHHHoñ, rm i-
J110 0Ha He ycxpaHHex h He Moaíex ycxpaHHXb HenpHMHpiiMbix npoxiiBO- pequir, pa3AHpaiom,Hx KanuxajiHcxHqecKyio CHexeMy.
«Cxa6HJiH3aHHH b ycjioBHnx KanHxajiH3Ma,— roBopna TOBapnm 1-TajiHH, ycHjiHBan EpeMeniio KanHxaa, o6n3axe;ibHo Beaéx BMecxe c xew k
oSocxpeHHio npoTHBopeHHíí KamixajiH3Ma: a) Mea<ay HMnepHajiHcxHHccKHMH rpynnaM H pa3Hbix cxpan; 6) Me>Kay pafío'iHMH h KanHxajiFicxaMH Ka?KAOH CTpaHbl; B) MOKAy HMnePHajIH3M0M H KOJIOHHajIbHMMH HaP0A3MH ECeX CXD3H»
(cxp. 96). ‘
1 3khm oSpasoM, MeJKayHapoanoe noao>KeHHe xoro BpeMpHH onpeaeaH- Jtocb AByMn npHMo npoTHBonoJio/KHbiMH cxa6njiH3anHHMH: BpeMeHHoñ, nac-
thhhoh ct a í) hjih 3 a hhch KanHxanH3Ma h npoHHoñ, Bcé óojiee KpenHymeñ exa- onjiH3auHeñ CoBexcKoro Coio3a. «Aocxnaíeime HeKoxoporo BpeMeHHoro paB-
«OBeoHH Meatay sxhmh AByMn cxa6ium3amiHMH — xaicosa xapaicrepHan qepxa nepea<HBaeMoro HaMii Me>KAyHapoAHoro noJioFKeHHH»,— yKa3biBaji xoBapnm
^ra jiH H b aoKJiaae (cxp. 94).
CymecTBOBaHHe, pa3BHx«e h yKpenjieHHe CoBexcKoro Coio3a cpbiBajio njIaHU MeHíayHapoaHoií peaKHHH h KpañHe pasAPaaíajio 3anpaBHJi KannxaaH- CTiiHecKoro MHpa. H 6o cxa6njm3auHa b ycjioBHnx CoBexcKoñ BJiacxn, rnea- wan K3K 6bi napaajiejibHo cxa6HUH3amiH KanHxajiH3Ma, npeacxaBJiHJia coSoñ apHHu,HnHajibHo HHyio Kapxnny h Bejia ic coBepmeHHo npoxHBOFiojiojKHbiM pe-
^yjibxaxaM, qeM BpeMeHHan cxa6njiH3auHH KanHxajiH3Ma. Ecjih cxaÓHJiH3am ifi yoioBHHx KanHxajiH3Ma, BpeMeiiHo ycHjiHBan KanHxajiH3M, yrayójiHJia Bce lo OCHOBHbie npOXHBOpeHHH H BJieKJia 3a CoSoñ HOBbie ITOXDHCeHHH H naxa- Tpofpbi,^xo cxa6HJiH3auHH b ycaoBHHx CoBexcKoro expon, ycujuiBan couna- - H3m, o6H3axejibHo Beaa k yjiyniueHHK) B3aH;iooxHomeHHñ: «a) M eataynpo- exapnaxoM h «peexbHHexBOM naiueñ cxpaHbi; 6) Meacay npojiexapHaxoM h
ojioHiiajibHbiMH iiapoaaMH yrHexeHHbix cxpaH; b) Meway aHKxaxypoñ npo-
^exapnaxa h paSomiMii neex cxpaH» (cxp. 96), — cosaaBan Bce Heo6xo¿HMue peanocbuiKH ajih noóeAbi copnajiH3Ma b Hauieñ cxpaHe.
BcKpbman KopeHHoe o rjin n iie , KopeHHyKi npoxHBonojio>KHocxb AByx exa- HJiH3auHñ — BpeMeHHoñ, rHHjioñ cxa0HAH3aunH KannxajiH3Ma, c oahoh exo- p °HfaI, H npOHHOH, 3AOpOBOH CXa6HJIH3aUHH CoBexcKoro expon, c Apyroñ exo- jj HbI>' T0BaPHm CxajiHH noKa3a,x, noneMy pa3BHrae KariHxaan3Ma He MOJKéT e nopoiKAaxb ycjioBHH, oSocxpnromHX Hepa3pemnMbie npoxHBopenHH Kann- DaRH3Ma' KannxajiH3M He MOJKex pasBHBaxbcn 6ea ycujieHHn sKcnjiyaxaiiHH id o ° tIero Kjiacca, 6e3 noJiyrojiOAHoro cymecxBOBaHHn SonbmiiHcxBa xpyan- JJ¿!XCH> 6(23 yCHJieHHfl THéxa KOJIOHHaJIbHHX H 33BHCHMHX cxpaH, 6e3 KOH*- n n , ° B H CT0JIKH0BeHHÍÍ MeaíAy pa3AHHHbIMH HMHepHajIHCXHHeCKHMH rp yn -
KanHxajiHCXHHecKoro Miipa.
Honu^>a3BHTIie COBGxcKoro expon, AHKxaxypbi npojiexapnaxa npeacxaBJinex -yiO npOXHBOnOJIOJKHOCXb P33BHXHIO KanHXaJIH3M3. COBCXCKHH CXPOñ II
12 E. JIE B E A E B A , B. H H K O A H H
AHKTaTypa npojieTapaaTa, yKa3HBaji T O B a p n iu , C ra jutH , MoryT pa3BHBaTbCH jin iiib npH ycJioBHH HeyiüioHHoro noAbéMa M aiepH ajibH oro h K yjibT ypnoro ypoBHH padouero KJiacca, npn ycAOBHH i-ieyKAOHHoro yAyuLuemiH noAox<e- HHH Bcex TpyflHIHHXCH C0B6TCKOH CTpaHbl.
« riy T b pa3BHTHH KanHTaAK3Ma,— roBOp'HJi TOBapniu, CTanHH,—• ecTb nyTb oÓHümaHHH ii n o Jiyro jio flH o ro cymecTBOBaHHH rpoM a^H oro doAbujHHCTBa Tpy- a h u iiix c h npn riOAKyne a noAKapMAHBaHHii HesHauHTeAbHOH fiepxyinKH sthx rpyAHIIl,HXCH.
íly T b pa3BHT¡iH AHKTaTypbi npoAeTapnaTa ecTb, HaodopoT, nyTb HeyKJioH-
hoto no,zrbéMa dAarococTOHHiiH rpo-MaAHoro doAbniHHCTBa TpyAHiHHXCH»
(c ip . 97).
XapaKTepnsyn Kopemioe pa3niiune MexíAy AByMH CTadHAH3amiHMH, TOBapnm, CTanHH yKa3biBaji, ato OAiia CTadHAli3aiiHH hact napannejibno c A pyrofi noTOMy, n o nocjie Bcahkoh OKTfldpbCKoñ counajincTHnecKon peso-
a io h h h b Mi-ipe hpt y.xce doAbine CAHHoro h BceoxBaTbiBaiomero KanHTaAH3Ma,
<it o «...Mnp pacKOJioJiCH na ABa Aarepa — Ha narepb KanHTaAH3Ma, bo m ase c aurjio-aMepHKaHCKHM KamiTaAOM, n Aarepb copHaAHSMa, bo r A-a Be c Co- BeTCKHM C01030M». T oB apnin Ct h a h h npeABHAen, uto «...Me>KAyHapoAHoe noAo>KeHne Bcé donbine h donbine dyAeT onpeAenHTbcn cooTUomenneM cha MeAÍAy 3THMH AByMH AarepHMH» (CTp. 95).
ToBapnin; Ct3Ahh noKa3aA, uto npHHiiHnHanbHaH npoTHBononoxíHOCTb AByX CTadHAH3aHHH, KanHTaAHCTHUeCKOH H COBeTCKOÍÍ, BbipaAKaeT. npOTIiBO- nOAOJKHOCTb MOKAy AByMH CHCTeMaMH X03HHCTBa H ynpaBA6HHH, M € > K A y CH- cTeMoii KanHT3AH3Ma h CHCTeMoñ c o m ia m m ia . ToBapnin; Ct3a h h noxasaA, uto pa3BHTHe KaniiTaAH3Ma Boodme, ocodeHHo b s n o x y HMnepnaAH3Ma h pa- CKOAa Milpa Ha Ase npoTHBononoiKHbie CHcreMbi, hac t no HHCXOAHmeñ a iih h h, h a c t, HecMOTpn Ha OTACAbHbie nepnoAbi BpeMeHHoro noA'béMa, no a h h h h riporpeccH pyiom ero 3arHHBaiiHH. C renHanbHon npo3opnHBocTBio TOBapHm Ct3a h h npeACKa3an, uto b to BpeMH Kan c iia m KannTaAH3Ma, pa3T>eAaeMoro BHyTpCHHHMH HGnpHMHpHMblMH ripOTHBOpeUHHMII, ÓyAyT HeH3de>KII0 C A a d e T b , c h a m cou,HaAH3Ma dyAyT Bcé óoAee pac™ h KpenuyTb.
^Q,aAbHeñmee pa3BHTHe co6h t h h noATBepAHAo reHHanbHoe npeABHACHHe TosapEUia CT3AHH8. C Tex nop Mnp KanHTaÁH3M3 nepejKHA ABa jKecTOuan- IHHX paSpyiHHTeAbíIblX MHpOBblX 3K0H0MHUCCKHX KpH3HC3 H H b lH e BCé dOAbUie II TAydíKe BnOA3aeT B HOBblH SKOHOMHUeCKHÍl KpH3HC.
BpeMeHHan CTa6HA¡i3aHHH KaniiTaAHSMa y * e b KOHue 1929 toas CMe»H- Aacb ÍKeCTOUaHIIIHM SKOHOMHUeCKHM KpH3HC0M, nOp33HBTHHM BC€ KanHTaAH- CTiiuecKiie cxpa n ti, b tom uncne i-i b ocodeiiHocTH rnaB-nyio HUTaACAb Kann- TaAH3M3 — C H IA . 3K0H0MHHeCK)HH KpH3HC ein,é ÓOJiee oéoCTpnA Bce npOTH- BOpeUHH KanHTaAHCTHUeOKOH CKCTeMbl. Byp>Kya3HH HCKaAa BblXOA H3 KpH3Hca Ha nyTHx hoboto HaxíHMa na padouníi KAa-cc h ycHAennn 3KcnAya- TaUIIH KOAOHHÍÍ H nOAyKOAOHHH, Ha nyTHX yCTaHOBAeHHH OTKpbITOH Teppo- pHCTHUeCKOH, (paUIHCTCKOH AH'KTaTyPbl H pa3BH3bIBaHHH HOBOH MHpOBOH BOHHbl.
B to BpeMH Kax b CTpanax KaiiHTaAH3Ma dymeBan SKonoMnuecRníi KpH- 3HC, pocAH 6e3pa6oTHu;a n odimmaHHe TpyAHmnxcH, — b CoBeTCKOM Coioae uponcxoAKA nenpepbiBHbiH d yp u b iíi po-CT Bcex OTpacAeií napoAHoro xo3HHCTBa h KyAbTypbi, neyKAOHHo noAHiiMaAocb SnarococTOHHHe Mace, Bcé óoAee yK- penAHAocb MorymecTBo CoBeTCKoro rocyAapcTBa.
❖
EecnomaAHO pasodAauan Tpon,KHCTCKO-3HHOBbeBCKHX n h h b ix npeAaTe- Aen, OTpiin,aBmnx bo3mo>khoctb nocTpoeHHH connaAHSMa b CCCP h CTpeMHB- uihxch noBepuyTb -cTpaHy Ha nyTb pecTaspamn-i KanHTaAH3Ma, TOBapniu Ct3AHH HACHHO p33TpOMHA TpOUKH3M, BCeCTOpOHHe OÓOCHOBaA H p33BHA AaAbuie AeHiniCKyio T e o p m o 'o b o s m o k h o c t ii nodeAbi couHaAH3Ma b oahoh CTpane, onpeACAHA KOHKpeTHbie n yT ii n MeTOAbi nodeA onocuoro cou,iiaAHCTH- uecKoro-CTpon'reAbCTBa.
C T A JIH H C K A H n P O rP A M M A E O P b B b l 3 A IIO B E fly C 0 H H A J IH 3 M A
B paöoTe « O kth 6 p ł> ck a h peBOJiiomm n TaKTH«a pycoKHX KOMMymcTOB»
h b flOKJia^e «K HToraM paöoT X I V KoiicjiepeHiiim P K f I ( 6 ) » TOBapum,
^TajiHH noKa3aji, iito Bonpoc o couHajiPi3Ma b oæhoiî crpanc hmcct
flBe CTOpOHbl — BHyTpeHHKDK) H BHeiHHIOIO — H CBO^HTCH K ©03M0JKH0CTH npe- ojiojiem m flBVx pa3jraqHbix. rp yn n npoTHBopennn.
BnyTpeHHHH CTopoHa Bortpoca CBH3ai-ia co B3anMOOTHomeHHHMH KJiac- COB BHyTpH CTpaHbl, C B 03MOJKHOCTbIO JIHKBIl^aUHH KailHTa JIHCTHHeCKHX KJiaC- eoB, ycTpaneHHH HenoTopbix npoTHBopemiñ, cymecTBOBaBimix to t a a M em ay paÖO'HHM KJiaCCO-M H KpeCTbHHCTBOM, H, HaKOHeU,, C B03M0JKH0CTBK) npeoÄOJie- HHH TeXHHKO-3KOHOMHHeCKOH OTCTajIOCTH CrpaHbl BHyTpeilHHMII CHJI3MH.
■uHeiiiHiiH CTopoHa Bonpoica CBHsaHa c npeoaojicHneM n pothBopenhił M enijiy Bameñ CTpaHoñ, Kaie c rp a n o ñ cou,najiH3Ma, h CTpanaMH KarrnTaJiH3Ma.
Be3 nëTKoro pasrpaHnneimH 3thx npoöjieM Hejib35i öbijio npasujibH o pe- miiTb Bonpoc o ÄaJibneHUiHx nepcneKTHBax paaBiiTHH Hamen CTpaHbl b ycjio-
biihx KarmTajiHCTHiecKoro OKpyjKeHHH.
Be^nqaíiuiaH 3acjiyra TOBapnma O a jin H a coctoht b tom, hto oh c npe- AejibHoñ HCTKocTbio h HCHOCTbio pa3rpaHimnji 3TH npoöJieMbi n y Ka3aji nyTIi npeoÄOJieHHH Tpy^HocTefi connajincTHnecKoro CTpoiiTejibCTBa. ToBapnm CxajiHH pa300Jiaqnji ÄyjibHHqecKHe MaHeßpu tpoukhctob h simoBbeBiieB n noKa3aji, hto «kto CMemnaaeT nepByio rp yn n y npoTHBopemin, coBepmemio npeo^oJiHMbix ycHjMHMH oæhoh CTpaHbi, co BTopoH rpynnon npoTHBopennft, Tpeöyiomnx äjih cBoero pa3pemeHHH ycHJinii npojieiapHeB* HecKOJibKnx CTpaH, tot flonycKaeT rpyöenm yro om nöiiy npoTHB jieHHHH3Ma, tot jihöo
nyTaHHK, jihöo h e h en p a bhmbih otmopTymiCT» (cTp. 119).
Floöena couHajiH3Ma b oähoh crpane c tohkh 3pe»Ha pemeHHH nepson CTopoHbi Bonpoca, yKa3biBaji TOBapniu, CTajmn, 03HaqaeT B03Mo:>KHocTb ojto- JIeTb B X°ÄG ÖopbÖbl BHyTpeilHHMH ; CHJI3MH CB0K) COÖCTBeHHyiO “Öyp>Kya3HI0 II nocTpoHTb nojiHoe c o n n a ji ncth n ec K oe 0 6meetbo.
M o r Jin paöonnn KJiacc Harnen' CTpaHbi peiiiHTb a ry npoöjieMy BHyTpen- HHMH CHJI a MH Ha OCHOBe Tex KOHKpeTHblX B03M0>KH0CTeH, KOTOpbIMH OH pac- nOtJiaraji? Touapnin CTajiHH n a ji Ha stot Bonpoe nojioxfflTejibHbin OTsex, yKa3aB, 1ito paöoHHH KJiacc Hamen CTpaHbi HMeji see bo3mojkhocth jijih pa3- pemennn BHyrpeiHHnx npoTHBOpemiH coöcTBeHHbiMH cHjiaMH. K thkhm bo3- mokhocthm 0TH0CHJincb.npe>KÄe Bcero Hajinnne ^HKTaTypu npojieTapnaTa nan nojinranecKon öa3bi jwx npouBHJKeHHH k connajin3My, Hajimme KOMaimiibix EbicoT B pynax npojieTapcKoro rocy^apcTBa, orpoMHbie npupo.THbie öorar- CTBa crpaHbi, HeorpaHnqeHHbie bo3mo* hocth p-ocTa npoH3Boji,HTejibHbix chji, Hajinnne 3aiKajiëHHon b öohx öoJibmeBncTCKon n a p ra im a K oprann3yiomeH n HanpaBJiiHomen chjih connajincT-nnecKoro pa3BHTHH. Hmch b cboiix pyxax ranne bo3mo>khocth, crpana npojieTapCKon ÄiiKTaTypbi Moneer n /lojim im npeonojieTb c o 6 c tb en hbimh r ch JiaM h* b HyTp eiiH hc t p y/u i o c th h iioctpoiiti, -co-
unajiH3ivL 1
n p n 3T0M‘ tob api-mi" CTajimi hcxojihji ns Toro, hto mpecTbHHCTBo Hamen CTpaHbi, npomeamee m nojiy Tpëx peBOJiiomin, nojiymmmee 3eMJiio n Mim h3 Pyn npojieTapCKon peB_o.inonHnm craBmee BBpny aroro pe3epB0M npojieTapna- a, npeßcraBJiHeT najië>Kiîoro coio3HHKa paöonero KJiacca, totoboto n o jie ro pynoBo^CTBOM öopoTbca 3a-no6efly connajiH3Ma.
r ip n onpeflejicHiin nojiHTHKH no OTiiomennio k KpecTbHHCTßy KOMMymi- CTmrecKaH napTHH, y,Ka3biBaji TOBapum CTajiHH, hcxoaht« 3 Toro, hto Me>K^y PaÖOHHM KJiaOCOM H OCHOBHbIMH MHCCaMH KpeCTbHHCTBa cymecTByiOT oömne HHTepecbi no KopeHHbiM }KH3HeHHbiM BonpoeaM. 0 6 a sth KJiacca 3anHTepeco- H n r B C°P IlaJIHCTHllecK0M ny™ pa3BHTHH CTpaHbi. KpeCTbHHCTBO T3K >Ke, IOK
paöom in KJiacc, 3HaeT, hto KannTajincTHnecKnö nyTb pa3BHTHH ocuoBan H 3KcnJiyaTanmi, HensöejKiio HecëT oÖHnmaHne b:jih öojibuiHHCTBa paöonnx KpecTbHH BO HMH oöoramenHH ropoÄCKOH n cejibCKon 6yp>Kya3im. riyT b ( UnajiHCTimecKHH, naoöopoT, 03Haqaer neyKJionHoe nojuiHTiie öJiarococTOH-
TpyAHmHxcH ropoaa H ÄepeBHH. CjieaoBaTeyibHo, nan npojieTapnaT, ran pccTbancTBo -3aHHTepecoBaHbi b tom, >iTO.öbi 5paaBnxne.m jKw no*connajin-
