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1980: 58).
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Hawe 3aB)l.aHHS! )I( nonsirae y BCTaHOBJleHHi Toro, SIK '-IOTTOBi'-la CTaTb MaHicpecTyE'TbCSI y MOBneHHi, 30KpeMa noeTHY.HOMY, TOY.Hiwe - Hapo.n.ttono
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Bi.n.npaBHHMl.f y ttawl.fx .n.ocni.n.)KeHHS!X 6y.n.yTb MipKyBaHHS!, no.n.aHi B. Ea31.fnEBHM i
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.n.o Toro, mo )KiHoY.e MOBneHHSI 6inbW KOHKpeTHe, eMOTHBHe i Tononorit.J.He, atti)I( MOBJleHHSI Y.OTTOBiKiB; Jl.JlSI )l(iHO'-IOro MOBneHHS! MeHWOIO MipołO xapaKTepHa iHBeKTl.fBHa neKc111<a, Y.OTTOBiKl.f He opiE'HTYlOTbCSI Ha BHKOpHCTaHHSI cyTo KniwoBaHHX iHBeKTHBHHX BHCJ10BnłOBaHb. "51Kll.{0 cj)eMiHoneKT oco6nHBO Y.YTTTHBHH Jl.O npHKMeTHHKiB (S!Ki CHl.fX, npl.f'-IOMY y cpopMi HaHBl.fll.{Oro CTyneHS! nopiBHSIHHS!), npl.f cniBHl.fKiB, cnony'łHHKiB, KOHKpeTHl.fX iMeHHl.fKiB, .n.iecniB naCl.fBHOro CTaHy,TO MaCKyniHoneKT -Jl.O a6cTpaKTHl.fX iMeHHl.fKiB, .n.iecniB aKTl.fBHOro CTaHy,
nepexi)l.Hl.fX .n.iccniB, Bl.fryKiB, npeu,e.n.eHTHl.fX TeKCTiB. CHHTaKCl.f'-IHl.fH naHU,IOr cpeMiHoneKTY B OCHOBHOMY eninTl.f'-IHl.fH (nepepBaHl.fH), 6e3rny3JJ.0-3'S!cyBa nbHl.fH (nepeBa)KHO y BiJJ.HOWeHHi nCHxocpi3ionoriY.Hl.fX cj)aKTOpiB), a TaKO)I( opicHTOBHl.fH Ha " nl.fTanbHl.fH cTa tt " y cBo'i'lł Kittu,eBilł cpa3i Ta Ha BHKOpl.fCTaHHSI npeCTH)KHl.fX MOBneHH€BHX O)l.HHHU,b, a CHHTaKCH'-IHHH nattu,łOr MacKy niHoneKTY - KOHTHttyanbHO-aJJ.l.fTHBHHH i ycKna.n.HeHHH. Y HbOMY 6inbwe i MnepaTHBHOCTi i 3anepe'-leHHS!, aHi)I( y CHHTaKCl.f'-IHOMY naHU,łOrOBi cpeMiHoneKTy. Eim,we i nHTanbHOCTi, ane BOHa, O'-leBHJJ.HO, HOCHTb TOTanbHO-Jl.HQ)Y3Hl.fH xapaKTep. Y TOH )Ke '-!ac KOTTbOpOH83Bl.f, npe.n.CTaBneHi B MacKyniHoneKTi, si.n.pi3HS!łOTbCS! MeHWOłO KOHKpeTHiCTIO, a 'ix 3anac BHSIBJ1SIE'TbCSI 6i.n.HiWl.fM' Hi)!{ y cpeMiHOJleKTi" (Ea3bineB, CopOKl.fH 1996:
1 3).
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op.' HanpHKJia,u, BJiaCHe BH3Ha'-leHHll Jl.YM � )K3Hpy: ",uyMaMH Ha3HBalOTbCll yCHi noeTH'-IHi TBOpH eni'-IHOro xapaKTepy, B lll<HX Bi)].o6pa)KeHi BH3Ha'-laJThHi CTOpiHKJ,f iCTOpH'-IHOro )KHTTll ttapo,ll,y, a roJIOBHe - i1oro 6opOTb6a 3 BOpOraMH [ . . . ] .y
Jl.YMax ocniBatti ttałixapaKTepttiwi icTOpHYHi no)].i"i i oco6H, a YacTO i HeBi)].oMi repo"i, ane BCi BOHH 36epiraIOTb roJIOBHi pHCH enoXH (MapYeHKO1 96 1 : 1 90),
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Tow.o; TiJibKl1 y KiJibKOX BHna.u,Kax 3ra.u,y10TbCSI iMeHa )l(iHOK: .u,iBKa CaH.U,)l(aI<iBHa, Mapycsi EorycnaBKa, B.U.0Ba Cipt.J11xa, HacTS1 Ka6awHa, 3-noMi)I( SIKl1X 3Ha'łyW.iCTIO B11pi3HSl€TbCSI TiJibKl1 iM'SI Mapyci BorycnaBKl1, iHwi )I( - eni30.u,11'łHi.
AKTyaniJauisi B .u,yMax pi3Hl1X rpyn TOnOHiMiB - TaK0)I( SIBHl.l.(e He BHna.u,K0Be: TonoHiMH T0'łH0 BKa3yIOTb Ha Micue, a no.u,eKy.u,11 B0.U,Hopa3 i Ha qac 0nHCyBaHHX no.u,ii1, w.o TaK0)I( B11CTynar ni.u,TBep.U,)l(eHHSIM npH'łeTHOCTi yąacmfKiB U11X no.u,ii1 .u.o TB0peHHSI .u,yM . Y CB0IO t.Jepry .U,0TpHMaHHSI rpaHH'łHOI TQ'qHOCTi y no.u,aHHi iHqJOpMaui'i - 3 BKa3iBKOIO Ha Micue, a Bi.lI,TaK i 'łac no.u,ii1 - BJiaCTHBiCTb cyTo 'łOJIOBitrnro i.u,ioneKTY (nopiBHJOJO'qJ1, ttanp11Kna.u., nicHi couiaJTbHo-no6yToBi Ta nip11ąHi, - o.u.pa3y noMiTHMO, w.o B HHX TOąHiCTb .u,arreKo He TaKa, SIK y .u,yMax, a no'łaCTH i 30BCiM Bi.u,cyTHSI).
IJ;eHTpaJibHl1M M0THB0M .U.YM BHCTynar n0BCSIK'łaCHe 3BepHeHHSI .u.o Bora SIK Bttw.oro Haąana: caMe .u.o TBopuS1, rocno,n;a, Bora; i xoą Bi.U.OMO, w.o K03aKl1 CB0€l0 noKp0BHTeJibK0IO BBa)l(aJI11 Bo)l(y MaTip, npoTe 3BepTaHb .u.o MaTepi Bo)l(o'i A)'M11 He qiiI<CYIOTb. 3ra.u,Ka npo CBSITl1X i CBSITa Bac11rriS1, M11KOJiaS1, fleTpa - Te)!( noB,Sl3aHi 3 qQJIOBią11M11 iMeHaMH (Ba)l(KO noSICHl1Tl1, BHna.lI,K0B0 ue 'qJ,ł Hi).
IHUIHH M0MeHT - y)l(11BaHHS1 KYJibT0BHX cnopy,n;: .u,iM Bo)l(HH, uepKBa, M0HaCT11p - y A)'Max ,[{OMiHyE: caMe cnonyKa ,n;iM BO)l(l1H (T06To, Ha HaUiy .U.YMKY' Bi,n;6yBa€TbCSI no3aCBi.U,OMl1H nowyK BapiaHTiB, S!Ki 6 3acBi.u,'łyBan11 'łOJIOBiąe nop0,D;)l(eHHSI Bi,D;TBOplOBaHOI .u,iHCHOCTi, nepeBary Ub0f0 Ha qarra).
3BepTaE: Ha ce6e yBary i TaKl1H Ba)l(JIJ,fBHH CKJia.U,Hl1K MOBHo't' KapT11Hl1 CB i Ty' SIK 300HiMi'łHHH CBiT. 3ooHiMl1 y .u,yr,rnx npe,D;CTaBJieHi Ha3BaMl1 nTaxiB i TBap11H. IJ;iKaBo, w.o 3-noMi)I( UHX HaHMeHyBaHb .U,OMiHyIOTb iMeHHl1K11 'łOJIOBiąoro po.ny: a) rony6, open, COKiJI, ne6i.u,h; 6) B0BK, Ki Hb. AKTyani3auisi y .U.YM0B0MY enaci 3a3HaąeHl1X Hai1MeHyBaHb o6yMOBJieHa nepeBa)l(aHHSIM Bi,n;noBi.U,HHX peanii1 B YM0Bax TOroąaCHo'i .u,iHCHOCTi, TaK0)I( Ba)l(Jil1BiCTIO UHX peanii1 y )l(J,łTT€,D;iSIJibHOCTi JIIO.U,llHl1. He Bl1na.u,K0B0 y .u,yMax qacTOTHiCTIO qJYHKUiOHyBaHHSI BHpi3HSIE:TbCSI JieKCeMa KiHb y pi3HOfO po,n;y M0BHl1X qiopMynax: K03al,{bKUU KiHb, K03Ql,{bKUU MOnooel,{bKUU KiHb, eopOHUU KiHb,
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KŻHb TOW.O. O6I'pyHTyBaHHSI aKTl1BHOCTi Y)l(HBaHHSI 3a3HaqeHo'i rreKCeMH He CTaH0BHTb TpY.U.HOW.iB. Bi.U.OMO, w.o KiHb - BipH11H TOBapHW K03aKa, i1oro cynyTHJ,fK, Be3 K0HSI K03aK He Ml1CJil1TbCSI: HQ KOHR K03QK ciOa€,M O(JQ i CmUJlb yKpaii-tCbKUX ... TET51HA 6El(EHKO KOHJl 1-wnyeae:, KOHJl eunacal', KOHJI, no2a1me:; BTpan1T11 KOHH AJlH KO3aKa <paKTl1'łHO O3Ha'łanO BTpaTHTl1 >KHTTH.
rony6, open, coKin, - He npocrn arp116yrn cBiTy np11poA11, a Hal(ioHarrhHi CHMBOJlH, �o BHKOpHCTOBYlOTbCH AJlH TTO3Ha"leHHH oci6 'łOJlOBi'łO'i CTaTi. Bom-1 MiCTHTb noTy)KHl1H KOHOTaTJ,IBHHH 3MiCT: rony6 O3Ha'łae caMiTHboro M OJ1OAl(H (KOCTOMapoB
1994: 90),
COKin "rieporni<p MOJlOAL(H, CHMBOJl 'łOJlOBi'-I0°i KpaCH, pO3YMY, Cl1J1H" (KocTOMapoB1996: 96), open "3HaMeHHH
BeJIH'łi i ,n:o6neCTi", a TaKO)K i CMepTi BO'iHa (KocTOMapoB1994: 98-99).
CHMBOJIOM )KiHKH ()KiHKH-MaTepi, cecTpH, APY)KHHH) y ,n:yMax e JIHWe 06pa311 303yni Ta nTaWKH, HKi, 3B114aHHO, 3Ha4HO nocTynaIOTbCH 'łaCTOTHiCTlO Y)KHBaHHH CHMBOJiaM Ha TTO3Ha'łeHHH oci6 'łOJlOBi'łO'i CTaTi.Y ,n:yMaX cnocTepiraeMO aKrnBi3al(UO Ha3B oci6 'łOJIOBi'ło'i CTaTi, �o HaJle)KaTb .n:o THX neKCH"IHl1X OA11Hl1l(b, HKi xapaKTep113YlOTb KJlaCOBy CTPYKTYPY cycnirrhCTBa, col(iarrbHHH CTaH, Micl(e JIIOAHHH B cycninhCTBi Ta cycninhHi B3aE:MOBiAHOCHHl1 npe,n:cTaBHHKiB pi3Hl1X BepcTB HaceneHHH M H H yn11x l.!aciB. U:e icTOp113Ml1, �o HKHaHB11pa3Hiwe Bi,n:o6pa)KaJOTb TOrO'łaCHi cycninbHO-noniTH'łHi YMOBH, HKi TaK 'łH iHaKwe noB'H3aHi 3 YKpa'iHOIO, i"i icTOp11'łHHM MHHyn11M; 3-TTOMi)K HHX HaHy)KHBaHiWHMl1 BHCTynaIOTb:
a) Ha3Bl1 Ha nO3Ha'łeHHH BH�HX Ha TOH 'łac BepcTB HaceneHHH: 14ap, iMnepamop, 6auta, KHJl3b, cepe.n: Ha3BaHHX OA11Hl1l(b y ,n:yMax He B1151:BJieHO <pyHKL(ioHyBaHHH Bi,n:noBi,n:HHKiB .n:o HHX y <popMi )KiHO'łOro po,n:y (T06TO Ha TTO3Ha'łeHHH oci6 )KiHO'ło't' CTaTi), OKpiM O,n:Horo BHna,n:Ky nepeHOCHOro CJ1OBOB)1(11BaHHH: KOpt1.MQ-Kl-lfl2UH.fl;
6) Ha3Bl1 KOJIHWHix npo<pecilł, �o BiATBOplOIOTb peani'i MHHynoro Y K p a'i H 11 : n ucap " 3 a c T . nro,n:11 H a , �o n p o <p e ci lł H o 3 a H M a n a c H nepen11cyBaHHHM nanepiB; n11cel(b" (CYM
X: 759);
6poeapHuK "po6iTHHK Ha TTHBOBapHOMY 3aBo,n:i" (rpiH'łeHKO I: l00);
RpU3Q "Hp11ra, HaHHl1)K'łJ.1H CJIY)l(HTeJlh AJlH p03CHJ1KH" (rpiH'łeHKO4: 541 );
B) HaHMeHyBaHHH oci6 3a COl(ianbHHM CTaHOM i po,n:OM 3aHHTb: K03QK "Bo'iH" (rpiH'łeHKO IV:
204);
naH (YH)].1972: 1 3 1 , 1 32, 136, 1 38
Ta iH.) "3acT. noMi�HK y CTapHX Ilonb�i, J1'1TBi, .n:opeBOJIIOL(iHHHX YKpa'iHi Ta Einopycii'; TOH, XTO MaB np11BineHOBaHe CTaHOBH�e y .n:opeBOJIIOl(iHHOMY cycninbCTBi", "BBi'-ln11Ba cpopMa 3ra.n:yBaHHH a6o 3BeprnHHH" (CYM X:70
l ).IIi,n:TBep.n:)KeHHHM rinoTe311 npo Te, �o AYMH - TBOp11 KO3al(bKOro TTOXO.ll:)l(eHHH, BHCTynae KiJlbKiCHO BHpa)l(eHa rpyna HaHMeHyBaHb KOJ111WHix YPHAOBHX Ta BiHCbKOBHX 4HHiB, a,n:MiHiCTpaTHBHHX noca.n:, HKi 6yn11
xapaKTeptti .u.mi cepe,n0BHll.{a K03aKiB: 3HaHHSI 1..1,HX TepM!HIB, 'ix T04He Y)ł(HBaHHSI M0rJIH 3aCBi.U.411TH i 36eperrn n0BH0IO MipOIO nmue 40flOBiKH -6e3nocepe,nHi y'łaCHHKH BiHChKOBHX noxo,niB T0I.Q0. IJ;e TaKi HaHMettyBaHHSI, SIK 2embJUGH "y XVI CT. - B116opHHH BaTa)ł(0K K03al..l,hK0ro BiHChKa 3anopi3bKOI Ci4i", comHUK "iCTOpH4Ha oco6a, SIKa 01.J0nlOBana COTHIO" (CYM, T.
IX: 47 1),
xopyHJ1cuu "3ttaMettoce1..1,h" (rpiH'łeHKO,IV: 41 1),
ocaeyn ( ecayn) "4HH KaniTaHa B K03a4HX BiHCbKaX <,aanb,I: 522),
omw.wH "icTop. BH6opHHH BaTa)ł(0K K03al..l,hK0ro BiHCbKa" (CYM,V: 80 l);
KypinHuu oma.Ma.H "tta 1.JanbHHK 'łaCTHHH 3anopi3bKOro BiHCbKa" (rpiH'łeHKOII:
330);
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IV: 3 1 7),
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263)
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CHrttanbye npo Te, mo .no TBOpeHHSI TeKCTiB ,n;yM npH4eTHi oco611 40flOBi4o'i' CTaTi. A,n;)!(e 3HaHHSI HaHMeHyBaHb 3a3Ha 'łeHHX npe,nMeTiB, a TaK0)!( .u.01..1,inhHe H YM0THB0BaHe IX Y)ł(HBaHHSI nepeBa)!(HO ,ll;OCTynHe i xapaKTepHe ,nnSI 40flOBiKiB: nQ.JlaLU "xono.n;tta 36pOS1 3 .U.OBrHM npSIMHM i IllHpOKHM ,ll;BOCi'łHHM KnHHKOM Ha KiH1..1,i, SIKa Hara,nye wa6nID" (CYM
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M oea i cmWlb yKpai11cbKux ...
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Cne�mpiKa 'łOJIOBi'łoro MOBJieHHSI:, 3a HaBe.n:eHHMH BHll.l,e ,n:aHHMH, B1151BJISl:ETbCSI: i y nepeBa)l(aHHi THX 'łH iHWHX MOpcj>onori'łHHX cj>opM TOll.1,O.
51Kll.l,O B11XO,IT.11Tl1 3 Toro, w.o cpeMiHOJieKT oco6n11B0 4YTJil1B1111 .n:o npHKMeTHHKiB, 3OKpeMa SI:KiCHHX, npH'łOMY y Hal1BHll.l,OMy CTyneHi nopiBHSl:HHSI: (Ea3bIJieB, CopoKHH 1996: 13), TO O'łeBHJl:HHM B11Sl:B11TbCSI:, w.o B ,n:yMax S!Kictti npHKMeTHl1Kl1 He .AOMiHyJOTb: BOHl1 nocTynaJOTbCSI 3a 'łaCTOTHiCTłO Bi.AHOCHHM np11KMeTHl1KaM, .n:o Toro )I( He MałOTb CTyneH51 nopiBHSl:HHSI: (oKpiM ,n:eSIKHX BHna.n:KiB). MO)l(Ha YiTKO OKpeCJIHTH KOJIO SI:KiCHHX npHKMeTHHKiB, w.o Y)l(l1B8Hi B Jl:Yi',1aX (Ha OCHOBi BnOpS!Jl:KOBaHoro aBTOpOM CTaTTi CJIOBHHKa eni'łHHX CJIOBocnony'łeHb .AYMOBoro enocy y pyKOnHCHOMY B11rJISI:.Ai), 3OKpeMa: meMHUU, mJl:JICKUU, 00p02UU, BillbHUU, muxuu, moecmuu, mOHKUU, XOJ/OOHUU, KUCJ/UU, Kpymuu, KOJ/101/UU, cepoeumuu, Kpacuuu, J/GCKG6UU, J/UXUU, mo6uu, MCmueuu, Kpymuit, 2apfl'-łUU, f/CHUU, 2JIU60KUU, (JUCOKUU, BipHUU, 8eJ/UKUU, (JQ:JICKUU, 20ny6uu, 20pouu, 2p03HUU, 20cmpuu, 2ycmuu, 6a2amuu, 6ucmpuu, BillbHUtl, 6JIU3bKUU, piOHUU, cyxuit, cmpaumuu, cmapuu, CWlbHUU, cipuu, cuuiu, cupuu, CU(JUU, CU3UU, C8flmuu, oaeuiu, Oal/eKUU, 1/Ucmuu, OU(JHUU, oo6puu, opi6uuu, :JIC08muu, 3el/eHUU, 3J/UU, ueU{acnueuu Ta si.n:nocuux: mamapcbKUU, mepHoeuu, mypeitbKuu, 03iBCbKUU, mpaneJOHCbKUU, KOJattbKUU, 6ynamuuu, mpexmeAtupiBCbKUU, 6ycypMeHCbKUtt, xeane611uu, xMeJ/bOBUU, xpeu1amuu, xpucmUf/HCbKUU, itapcbKUU, ttecapcbKUU, ttBimHuu, t1BiJ1uu, Ka6au1Ha, KGJ/bHUttbKuii, KUJIUi°.MCbKuu, Kuma€euu, Kumaul/GHUU, KiJIUHCbKUU, KiHNUU, KiHCbKUU, Kypiuuuu, 3anopi3bKUU, MOJIOOettbKuu, KopoJ1iBCbKUU, KopcyHCbKuii, KOutoeuu, KupuJ1iBCbKuu, KpuMcbKuu, KponuBRNuu, J1eucmpoeuu, nim11iu, J1y20euu, 1-1u3oeuu, moiJCbKuu, Mapmoeuu, OCKOMUCmuu, cynpomU(JHUU, CJIG(JHUU, CJli3HUU, CMepmeJ/bHUU, cpi611uu, coJ1oamcbKuu, ce111un 'ao11uu, eiiicbKOeuu, eonocbKUU, aonoeuu, ee'-łip11iu, eocKpec11uu, epa:>1Cuu, 2anepcbKUU, 2emb.MaHCbKuu, 2opouHCbKuu, 2p0Moeuu, a2apcbKUU, apa6cbKUU, a308CbKUU, 6e360:>1c11uu, 6e300J/bHuu, 6apxamuu, 6opoeettbKuu, 6pamcbKuu, 6y3Uuoeuu, canmaHCbKuu, ca.MapcbKuii, ONinp08CbKUU, oyHaUCbKUU, :J/ClHOtlbKUU, 3eMJ/f/HUU, 30/IOmui"i, X(JUJ/eutHUU, opouHCbKuu, omtteBCbKUu, oxom11uu, pa6cbKUU, pa1111iu, pycbKuu.
177 12-Stylistyka ...
BenbMH noMiTHOIO BHCTynae TaKa oco6n11BiCTb y cnoBOB)KHBaHHi npHKMeTHHKiB, HK 3Ha,rna nepeBara Bi.D,HOCHHX Ha.n, HKiCHl1Ml1, TaK0)K pi,lO<OB)KIIBaHe noo.n,HH0Ke cpyHKU.iOHyBaHHH m<iCHHX npHKMeTHHKiB y cpopMi BHIJ.(0ro [.MeHWUU (6pam), KpaU{i (1-1anumKu), flYI.JI.Ja (pyKa), fl)''-l'-le (OOJlfl. UfaCmR), J1Y1.J1.Je (UfacmR-OOllR)] Ta HaHBHIJ.(Oro cTyneHiB nopiBHHH H H (1-1aucmapwuu
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IlpH BHB'-leHHi K0Tib0p0H33B y nnaHi penpe3eHTaU.i°i Bep6anbHl1 X Bi.n,M iHH OCTeH Mi)K CT3THMl1 y'-leHHMl1 6yno n o M i '-leHO, 11(0 cnoBHHK K0Tib0p0H33B 33 o6'€MOM y )!(iHOK cyTTE:B0 w11pw1111, aHi)!( y '-IOTIOBiKiB (Rich
1 977: 404-409;
Simpson, Tarrant199 1 : 57-62),
np11 on11ci pi3HHX npe.n,MeTiB)KiHKa 3Ha '-IH0 '-laCTiwe, a Hi)!( '-IOTIOBiK, 3BepT3€TbCH .n.o "KOJibOpOBHX"
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1 996: 207-2 1 9),
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03311nm TaIO.
CopoKiH, B11ronowy10'-l11, ll(0 K0Tib0p0Ha3Bl1, npe.D,CTaBneHi B MacKyrriHoneKTi, Bi.D,3Ha'-laIOTbCH MeHW0JO KOHKpeTHiCTIO, a IX 3anac 6i.n,Hiw1111, aHi)I( y cpeMiHoneKTi (oa3bIJieB, CopOKJ,!H1 996: 1 3).
Ili.n, KOHKpeTHiCTIO K0Jib0p0Ha3B y .n,aH0MY B11na.ro<y' ra.n,aE:M0, Tpe6a po3yMiT11 He TinhKH BnacHe 3aranbHHH ('-111cT1111) Konip npe.n,MeTa, a i1 Bi.n,TiHOK: cpaKTH'-IHO, "'-111CT11x" K0nbopoHa3B HK T3Kl1X npaKTl1'-IH0 Mano; OKpiM Toro, B np11po.ni HeMaE:, eTaJI0HY Cl1Hboi·, 6ino·i, )l(QBTOI, 6apB11 Ta iH., TOMY 03Ha'-leHHH pe'-lei-i y .D,OBKinrri 3 .n,onoMormo KOJibOpOBO'i raMH BHMarae Y T O '-I H e H b , i TaKHX yT0 '-I H e H b M 0 )Ke 6yT11 6e3KiHe'-IHa K i JibKiCTb : 6ino-pO)l(eBHH' 6irryBaTO-)l(QBTYB3Tl1H' 6irryBaTo-ci pyBaTH H ' )l(QBT0-3eneHHH, )l(OBTO-Kop11'-1HeB1111, )l(0BTo-canaTHHH Ta iH. IJ,e i1 A03B0JIHe CTBep.D,)l(yBaTH, 11(0 K0Jib0p0Ha3Bl1 y ,nyMax - MeHW KOHKpeTHi (T06To MaKCHMaJibH0 y3araJibHeHi, eTaJIOHHO-y3aranhHeHi) i IX 3anac He3Ha '-IHHH, T06TO 6i.n,H1111: 3aCBi.D,'-leHO cpyHKU.iOHyBaHHH TinbKl1 TaKHX KOrropaTHBiB, HK: cu1-1iu, 3eJleHUU, JICOBmuu, l/OpHUU, 6ifluu, cipuu, CU8UU, meAtHUU, Kpacuuu i y o6Me)l(eHiH KinhKOCTi, .n.o TOro )I( y '-liTKO pernaMeHTOBaHiH cnorry'-lyBaHOCTi.IlpoTe u.e .n,oc11Tb cnipHe n11TaHHS1. He ni.n,TBep.n,)l(y€TbCSI y ,naHoMy B11na.n,Ky
AYMKa, 11(0 3a CBOIM 3MiCTOM KOJibOpOBi peaKu.i1 y '-IOJIOBiKiB 6inbW
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1 993: 16). Y
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xo.n,i U.boro eKcnep11MeHTYM
08a i cmUJib yKpai"HCbKUX ... TET5!HA 6EUEHKO aco1..daui·i (To6To TaKi, LQO He CTaHoBnHb cyrrrn11x po36i)l(ttOCTei1, Me)l(OBHX BiAMiHHOCTeH) (f'opOlllKO2003: 270-296).
Pe3yJibT8Tl1 .n.ocni.n.)l(eHH5!o.
lOpOWKO ni.n.TBep.n.11n11 "rinoTe3y npo iCHyBaHH5! CHnbHHX i ,ll.OCHTb O,ll.HO3H84Hl1X 3B'5!3KiB Mi)!( KO1IbopaMH i eMOQiHHHM CT8HOM JTJO,ll.HHH, 5!Ki Hane)l(aTb.n.o
rn1160Koro i HeBep6aJibHoro Ja CBOE:IO np11po.n.O10 piBHH cpopMyBaHH5! 3Ha'łeHb" (f'opOWKO2003: 294).
TaKHM 'łHHOM, 6parn CMin11BiCTb i CTBep.n.)l(yBaTH npo He3anepe4HiCTb i O,ll.H03H84HiCTb y .n.attiił c,nyaui"i 5!KHXOCb B11CHOBKiB-y3aranbHeHb - 6e338CTepe)l(H0. Ma6yTh, Konip y 6iJibWOCTi B1108,ll.KiB € "no3aCTaTeBHM" (3aranbHOnIO,ll.CbKHM) eTano HOM-CHMBOnOM TOLQO (Bi.n.noBi,ll.HO.n.o
Toro, HK O,ll.H8KOBOIO Mip oro B11p8)1(8lOTbC5! Ti 411 ittwi eMOQiHHi BHHBH (CTpax, cpi3114Hl1H i nc11xiYHHH 6inb, n1060B, 3axonneHH5!, pa.n.iCTb, CMYTOK Ta iH).Ittwa O3H8Ka MOBneHHH YOnOBiKiB - )J.iecniBHiCTb. He3anepeYHOJO O'łeBH,ll.HOlO iCTHHOIO € Te, LQO .n.iecrriBHiCTb - B113H8Y8JlbHa MOBHO-CTHJlbOBa O3HaKa AYMOBHX TeKCTiB. Bi.n.noBi)J.HO )J.0 Toro, 51K H81..\iOH8JlbHO-B113BOJibH8 6opOTb6a noB '5!3atta 3 8KTHBHOIO .n.ieIO, WHpOKOMaCwTa6HOlO )J.iHJibHiCTIO, TaK i AYMH KOHl..\eHTpyIOTb .n.iecrroBa, 3 .n.onoMoroIO 5!KHX nepe)J.8€TbCH .n.iH, "ii
pO3BHTOK. ,ll;HHaMi3M - BCe Te, LQO acoQiIO€TbC5! 3 pyxoM, .n.iHJibHiCTIO, BH3HaYae peaKui"i, OT)l(e, cnottyKae
.n.o
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mrn
Toro, LQ06 CTHMYJIIOB8Tl1 6a)l(8HHH ,ll.OC5!ITl1 MeTH -no.n.orraTH Bopora, 3,ll.06yTH nepeMory, B1160pOT11 BOJIIO TOLQO). TeKCTl1 .11.YM He npocTO .11.iecniBHi, a TaKi, B HKHX .n.iecrr0Ba-np11cy,ll.K11 TBOpHTb o6'€MHi O,ll.HOpi,n:Hi p5!,ll.H, LQO pO3T8WOBYlOTbC5! y ropH30HTanbHiH Ta BepT11K8JlbHiH nJIOLQHHi. HanpHKrra.n.:I .RK cTaa OneKcii.:i Tionoa11Y no icr11Hii.:i npaa.o.i rpix11 6ory noamarn Crnna Ha lfopHOMY MOpi cynp0Tl1BHa XBl1JIH yT11xaTH.
I BTHXana i ana)J.ana,
I MOB Ha qOpHOMY MOplO He 6yaana;
I acix K03aKiB AO 0CTpOBa )Kl1BUeM npu611aana. l Bci K03aKl1 Ha OCTpOB B11X0)J.11J1H,
l BeJil1Kl1M A11BOM AHB0Bann, CneJaM11 06n11aan11,
CnoaaM11 npoM0BJISIJJH ... (f 1927: 70)
a6o:
To .!IK cram1 CJIOBaMH np0M0BJlSITII,
On-1eay i MaT'111Hy M0JIHTBY cnoMHHaTn,
-CTaa focnOAb M11nocepAHHH "iM noMaraT11,
CrnJio 1łopHe Mope yruxaTu; Ta TaK-T0 yruxano,
Hi6H He ryJUIJI0 (f 1927: 84).
,Ll;iiktto, 3-noMi)ł( ,n:iecniB ,n:oMittyIOTb ,n:iecnoBa aKTHBHoro cTaHy.
Ha-npHKna,n::
Xo'łeTbC.H, Man1, noih11 Ha .Aomrny qepKeHb noryn.HTH, 3Bl1'łal0 K03aUbK0f0 Ha6paTH,
CnaBw-pwuapcTBa .A0CTaTH,
3a Bipy xpwcrn.HHCbKY 0.AH0CTaHH0 crnrn" (YH,[{ 1972: 236). a6o:
B.AoBa Tec Ja6a'łana,
)Kani6Hw·i cnoBa npoM0Bn.Hna,
CnaBH, cMepTi cwHa cBoro mnana (YH,[{ 1972: 234). a6o:
I opnH-'łOpHOKpHnbui HaniTanl1, B ronoBax ci.AanH
I 'ł0pHi 0'łi iJ-ni.A no6a Bl1CM11Kan11; �e i1 .Api6HaJ1 nrnu.H HaniTana,
Kon o )KQBT0°i KOCTi Tino 06.A11pana ... (YH,[{ 1972: 206).
3 ,n:iecniBHiCTlO noB'513aHa ił ittwa O3HaKa 'łOJIOBi'łoro MOBJieHH51 -iMn
epaTHBHiCTb. TaK, TeKCTH AYM (oco6mrno u.e cnocTepe)ł(eHO y np51Miił MOBi Ta ,n:ianorax) AOCHTb 'łaCTO 3aCBiA'łyIOTb cpyHKU.iOHyBaHHH ,n:iecniB y cpopMi HaKa3oBoro cnoco6y, HK OT:
fo.Ai BaM, naHOBe-MOJIO.ALti, .A0MyBaTl1, l.AiTe 3j MH0IO Ha l{epKeHIO-.AOnl1HY rym1rn,
CnaB11-p11uapcTBa K03aUbK0MY BiHCbKY .A0cTaBarn (YH,[{ 1972: 231).
a6o:
"Ko3aK11-naH0Be, .A06pe Mai1Te, O.A11H .Apyroro O.AMHKaHTe, Kai:i.u.aHH i3 Hir, i3 pyK HC K11.u.ai1Te,
TionyHO'łHO'i f0.AHHl1 .LJ.0)1(11.LJ.aHTe!" (YH,[{ 1972: 144).
IJ;inKOM 3p03yMino, '!OMY AYMOBHM BHCJIOBJllOBaHHHM npHTaMaHHa iMnepaTHBHiCTb: on11c iCTOpm<o-repo'i'łHHX no,n:iił, 6e3yMOBHO, noB'513aHHH 3
MO Ba i cmWlb yKpaiHCbKUX ...
TEDIHA 6EUEHKO
nepe.u.aIOTh 3Ha1.1eHHS1 6e33acTepe)lrnoro m.u.nopS1,1J.KyaaHHS1, pearyaaHHSI, BHp8)1(810Tb H8K83.
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'łOJIOBi'łoro M0BJieHHSI. "Y MOBi .U.YM BHryKH 3YCTpi'łaIOTbCSI 3Ha'łH0 'łaCTiwe,
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I 960:
1 7).
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A K03af.lbKe, MOflOAef.lbKee: TiJIO MO€: noxopoHiTe! . . .
A OH, K03af.lbKe MOflOAef.lbKe MO€: Tino noxosaHTe ... (f 1927: 1 62) .
. . . A oit, Ta 6yAeM 6e3neąHo Ilo nicaM i no 6aiipaKaM y°i)l(.ll)Karn, 3 ii.epesa sepxiBSI 3p11sarn,
A oit, Ha nyTh, Ha ii.opory A Ha npHKMeTy
A 6yii.eMO T06i nOKHAaTH". A oit, "ixan11 ii.aa 6paT11 KiHHHX,
A "ixan11 BOHH He ,D,eHb, He ABa H He rp11, He 1.!0THpH. A OH, CTaJIH BOHH aH y 1.!HCTee: none BH°i>K.ll)KaTH, -A oit, SIK Hiąoro crano
A Ha npHKMeTy nOKHAaTH ...
A oii, a cepeAym11ii 6paT
A sce ... HaiiMeH'-loro 6paTa ii.6ae:,
Ta ii.o Haiicrapworo 6paTa cnosaMH npoM0BnS1e: . . . (f 1927: 1 62- 1 63).
O'łeBl1)J.HO, Ili.O B11ryKM y TeI<CTi ,u;yM -Ha,!1;3BH'łaHHO nOBTOpIOBaHi.
Bom,1
CXO)l(i H a neBHi pericTp11, w.o 3a,u;al0Tb TOHaJihHiCTb onoai,u;i. CaMe 38KJIM'łHiCTh, WHpOTa, p03M8X ,u;yMKl1, Ili.O npe,u;cTaBJieHi B UHX TBOpax, 3aB)J.S!'łYlOTbCSI B11ryKaM:
Oit, JIK cnurn TO Tiił K03aKH, naHi MOJI0Al.li,
Oił, SIK CTanH TO Ha co6i KpOB xp11CTHSIHKY 3a6a'-!aTH, To cTan11 3eMnlO rypef.lbKYIO,
Bipy 6ecypMeHbCKy10,
KnS1cT11 npoKn11HaT11, reił!
"reił, Ka)l(e, Jer-.rne, JeMne, TypeU.bKall, Bipo npOKJll!Ta, 6ecypMeHCbKal!!
O, po3nyKO rn XpHCTillHCKall!
On, .na )l(e TO TH He o.nttoro poJnytJ11na: tJH 6parn 3 ceCTPOJO,
t:J:H My)l(a 3 BipHOJO )l(OHOJO,
A tJH sipHeHbKOro TOsap11wa 3 TOBap11weM, re-reił-reił!" (f I 927: 7).
J XO'ła Bl-ffYKH AYM - He 'łJieHH pe'łeHb, i pe'łeHHSI € nOBH03H3'łHHMH Ta noBHOL(iHHHMH i 6e3 HHX, "o.n.HaK, BnJiiTaIO'łHCb y pe'łeHHSI, BHryKH eMOL(iHHO HaCH'łYIOTb MOBY AYM, H3,ll.3IO'łH 1H HaHpi3HOMaHiTHiWHX 3MiCTOBHX Bi,ll.TiHKiB" (PaK 1960: 17). IToMiTHO, 1.1.\0 BHryKH Hi6H KOHL(eHTpyIOTb y co6i BeCb i.n.eHHO-TeMaTH'łHHH 3MiCT pe'łeHHSI- M3KCHM3JlbHO 3rOpHeHO, CTl1CJIO, .n:onoBHIOIO'łl1 i H3CH'łYIO'łH i1oro BO,ll.HO'łaC eMOL(iHH11Ml1 Bi,ll.TiHKaMH. BOHH
TpanJUIIOTbCSI y n03111..(i"i Ha nO'ł3TKY pe'łeHHH, no,n:eKy,ll.H - B cepe,n:11Hi, a TaJ<O)I( B KiHL(i - y BHrJUI,n:i 33KJIIO'łHOro aKop.ua i3 noTy)l(HHM eMOL(iHHO
eKcnpecHBHHM 33pH,UOM: "Aii, 6pame Jl10U pio1-1eHbKUU!" (r 1927 163), / A Oll, ma Mi:JIC oo ce6e mau 1-1a KOHi ei3bJ.ti.Mo ... "(r 1927 : 163), / A 011, 1-1ai'icmapwuu 6pam 3a'łyea€ (r 1927 : 163), / Eyoymb 3a 1-1ac cpe6po-3011omo ne Ati'łal./u 6pamu, I CyK1-1a oopowi" nocmaea.Mu He MipR'łu 3a 1-1ac 6pamu. I I'e-ze-ze-ze-ze ... ! (r 1927 : 12), / " ... pa 6yoeM numb-2yMmu, I Me1-1e 3a uo20 nponueamu, I pa zet"i J1ce nponueamu" (r 1 927: 17), / " ... pa 6Ku1-1me Merte epy1-1au 2J1b160Kuu, I pa zeii J1ce 2llb/60KUU ... " (r J 927: 17).:
Y)l(HB3HHH BHryKiB cnocTepiraeMO i y npHMiH MOBi nepcotta)KiB, 1.1.\0 f npe,n:CT3BHl1K3Ml1 Cl1JlbH0°i CTaTi: "Ou, 6pamuKy mu MeHLUUU, MUJIUU ... "(r 1927
: 1 1 O), "Ou, 6pamu-JJC Moi" cmapuii, MUJ1ui".. " (r I 927: 1 10), "Eu eu op11u
CU30nepi, 0pllU 1./0pHOKpUllbl,{ż'' (r J 927: J 20), "Qi] CUHU-J/C Moi; CWIUf" (r J 927:
1 23), "I'eu, i C0ł/1,{e 6UC0K0 I I 0OM 0G.JleKO ... "(r 1927: 129), "A ou, 6yoymb HQC
1-1a mpu 'łacmi ciKmu, py6amu " (r 1927: 163), 'Tou, Kooa 6 ,we1-1e om11eecbKa u Maml./u1-1a I Mo11umea -I Oo cMepmu 06opo1-1UJ1a " (r 1 927: 154), i y Bnactte TeKCTOBOMY BHKJia,n:i, .ue BHTYKH BHCTynaIOTb o6oB'H3KOB11M11 eJieMeHT3MH: M3H)Ke K0)KH3 ,n:yMa po3nO'ł11H3€TbCSI 3 BHryKa: Ou, y C6Rmy 1-1eoilleHbKY, / To pa1-10 no ... parteHbKY, I Ou, mo 1-1e cuea 303YIIR KY6G.JIG.
er
1927: 163), I'eu! HaL/opHiM .1uopi I I 1-1a 6i110My Ka.Me Hi I Ta.M cmoRJ1a me1vmu71R (r 1 927: 27), I'e-2eu, 2e-2eu, 2e-2eu, 2e-2eu 2eu! / Ou, ma y C6Rmy10 He0Źllel-lbKY, / Eap3e paN0, nopa1-1eHbK0. I Ou, oo mo-JJC morno Ne cu3ff op11u wKJ1eKomG.11u,-I JlK mo 6ioHff Neeo11bHUKu IY mRJJcKiu, mypetfbKiu ueeo11i wnnaKMU, 2eu! .. "(r 1927: 7). Ou y
M OBa i cmWlb yKpai"HCbKUX . . . TET51HA 6EUEHKO myAta11u BcmaBQJIU ... (r I 927: I 07); Oii mo He nwIu nWIWIU ... (r 1927: 1 1 O); I'ei'i, y CBflmy ueoiJieHbKy .. .
er
1927: 1 27); Oii! ou, mo He nUJIU nUJIUJIU, IO,
mo He myMauu u ycmaBMU, -I
Oii, mo mpu 6pamu 3 3eMJii mype14bKoi;I 3
Bipu 6ycypAtef/CbKOi; /3
mflJICKOi° fl€BOJli ymiKQJIU. " (f 1927: J 30). BHryn1 Ha�rBHi i y cepeJJ.HHi TeKCTiB (SIK neaHi aKTyarri3aTOpH yaarn): Eu, oo moJ1Ce 6yiiuui" Bimpu noBiBMU,I
Ta KOMUUIGMU :>1c0Bmui" Kocmi noKpuBMu.I
Eu mo mo:>Ice K03aKa ui omeitb fli Mamu OnllaKQJla ... "er
1927: 1 1 1), Ou, OBa KOflf/UX, mpemiu HiUlUU niUleHU�---A
OU, iXMU OBa 6pamu KiflHUX (r 1927: 1 62). qaCTOB>IrnBaHiCTb BHryKiB y CTpyKTypi JJ.YMOBHX TBOpiB 3acai,n:Lfy€TbCSI "ix HeO,UHOpa30BHM nOBTOpeHHSIM SIK Ha TJli BCbOro TeKCTy, TaK i y MiHi-ai,n:pi3KOBi MOBJleHHSI. HanpHKna;:r 'Teii, i couite BucoKoI I
OOM OMeKo,I
Ta Bimep noBiBa€,-IM
eHe, 6iOH020 K03aKa,I A
3 6inux fli2 BQJlf/€.I
I'eii,
mo .11a6ymb BOcmaHH€ ooouxaJO,I
Ta 6yoy cno'łuBamu,
I
Eo B:>1ce nepee 6e3xni6'€,I
f{py2e 6eJBiOo€,I A
mpem€ 6eJoopo:>1CJ1Ca.I
Eo B:>1ee oee '11mi cymKu,I
JlKfl eooy nue;I
Oi,,
Ma6ymb yJ1Ce fte 6yoy ooouxamuIH
a .11102Wli llOAIUpamu .. ."I
Oit,
RK cmaB cnO'łUBamu,I
Ta CmQJlu 3 'ły:>1coi" cmopo,,uI
OpllU HQJliJICamu, /Eu, mo fla Ky'łepi cioa,omb,I A
3-nio no6a Ot/i euniJ.1a10mb . . .I
Eii, eoeKu-cipoMau14i fla6b12a10mb,I
Y Bi'łi 3a2n11oa10mb ....I
Eii, mo cmae cRoea.Mu npoMOBJIRmu ... (r 1927: 1 29).HaiinowHpeHiWHM ll.\OAO tfaCTOTHOCTi BHCTynae: BHryK ou. 3,n:e6iJlbworo BiH CTO°iTb Ha notfaTKY po3noai,n:HHX pe4eHb, nepe.u. 3BepTaHHSIM a6o Ha notf aTKY ,n;yM; iioro 3MiCT TiCHO noB'Sl3aHHH j3 3MiCTOM pe4eHHSI; BiH "3aB)l(Jl:H niJJ.Kpecmoe: 6e3nocepe.u.HiCTb BJJ.a'łi, 3aKnonoTattiCTh (Ko3aKiB), rope (mo,n: ei1), cniB4YTTSI ,n:o CKpHB)J.)l(eHHX, CYM, o6ypeHHSI, 3axonneHHSI, npoxaHHSI, nopa.u.y, 3arpo3y, JJ.OKip, 3Heaipy, .u.oca.n:y Ta iH." (PaK 1960: 1 7). ,lJ;ell.\O pi.u.we B)l(HBaE:TbCSI B HryK eii., ll.\O nepeBa)l(HO 3HaXO)J.HTbCSI y no3HU:i°i Ha noYaTKY peL1eHttS1; ll.\e pi.u.we - BHrYK 2eu.
Haiła11pa3Hiwe, Ha Halli nornSl)J., 03HaKH MOBJleHHSI MacKyniHOJleKTY BHSI BJleHi y CHHTaKCHYHiH opraHi3au.i"i JJ.YM- TaK, yna.u.ae B OKO TSl)l(iHHSI TBOp�iB AYM .u.o 306pa)l(eHHSI no,n:iH y HenepepBHOCTi, YiTKiH nocni,n:OBHOCTi. U:e B CBOIO 4epry noa'513aHe 3 TaKOIO 03HaKOIO CHHTaKCH'iHHX KOHCTpYK�iH, SIK ycKna.u.HeHiCTb. CHHTaKcHYHi KOHCTPYK�i'i a ,uyMax He npocTo ycKna.u.HeHi, a "o6T51)1(eHi" O,n:Hopi)J.HHMH pSl,n:aMH, 3-noMi)I( SIKHX JJ.OMiHaHTHHMH E' O.U.H opi.u.Hi .u.iecnoaa-npHCYJJ.KH, 51Ki H CTBOpIOIOTb HenepepBHiCTb, 3aCBiJJ.4YlOTb nocni)J.OBHiCTb ,n:iH, BtfHHKiB, BOJleBHSIBITeHb repo51. HanpHKna.u.:
Q)l(e TO TO,IJ.H OneKciił TionOBJ,flłb Ha 'ly.D.a BHXOiKaC, Eepe Cssiroe TI11cbMO B'b pyKH, 'iHTae,
Bc11x'b npocTbIX'b mo.n.ei1 Ha sce .n.o6pe tta)"łae,
l1 TllK'b .no KoJaKHB'b npOMOBJUle:
O)Ke TO, TiaHoBe, Mono,nel..{bKH KoJaK11,
KoTOpblH 'łenoBeK'b OTI..{eBy MaT'łHHY MOflHTB 'łTlłTb, waHYC,
noBa:il\ae, Toro OTl..{eBa MaT'łHHa MOflHTBa B'b Kyne'łeCTBH, B'b peMeCTBH, Ha non11,
PI Ha Mop11,
Ha noMOl.llb noMarae;
OTl..{eBa j:j Man1rna MOflHTBa co ,UHa MOpll BblHHMae (r 1927: 65).
0KpiM O)J.HOpi)J.HHX np11cy.n.KiB, .U.YMH <piKCYIOTb ycKna.n.HeHH51 pe'łeHb B i )J. O K p e M Ji e H H M H n o 1111 1p e H H M l1 n p H KJia.n.K a M H , Y T O 'ł H IOIO 'ł H M H 06CTaBJ1HaM11, .n.o.n.aTKaMH.
HenepepBHiCTb y JMamoBaHHi B1151BJI51€TbCll i B TOMY, LQO 306pa)l(yBaHe 6 y.n.y €Tb C 51 llIJIH X O M n o c T y n o B o r o 3 B y)l( e H H 51 - C B O e p i.n. H o ro nocJii)J.OBHO-CTyniH'łaCTOfO ni.n.xo.n.y .n.o on11cyBaHHX no.n.iH, 51B111..Q. TaKHM 'łHHOM, K0)l(Ha pi'ł, .n.eTaJib € npoBi)J.HHKOM, CBO€pi.U.HHM MiCTKOM .n.o HacTynttoro npe.n.MeTa: nop., Hanp11Kna.n.:
Ha qopHOMY Mopi, Ha 6inoMy Ka1t1Hi
TaM llCHeHbKHH COKin 6ino3ipeub KBHflHTb npOKBHflllC, Ha He6o nornH,u.ac, CMYTHO ce6e Mac,
ll{o Ha CHHeMy Mopi 11e,u.06pe 1.llOCb nO'łHHaC:
Yci 3BiJ,n11 Ha He6i nox1,1ap11no, TionOBHHY MiClll..{ll XMapal\rn JaKpHno; A J HHJY 6yi1HHH BiTep noBiBac,
Ilo qOpHOMY MOp!O cynpOTHBHY XBHfl!O ni,nHiMae (r 1927 : 65).
lHllle l{iKaBe K OHCTaTyB aHHH
O .
ropowKo I..Qo.n.o oco6mrnoCTei:i lfOJIOBi'łoro CHHTaKCHCY C!pOPMYJibOBaHe TaK: "KiJibKiCTb penniK lfOJIOBiKa B .n.iaJI03i, 51K npaBHJI0, 6iJibllla, i y qaci TPHBaHH51 B0HH )J.OBllli" (ropOllIKO200 l : 532),
LQO HallITOBXY€ Ha cnocTepe)l(eHH51 CTPYKTYPHHX oco6rrHBOCTeH .U.YMOBHX .n.ianoriB, 51Ki € )J.OCHTb B110KpeMJieHHM11 i Ha)J.3BH'łaHHO 3Ha 'łYLQHMH MaKpoyHiBepcaniHMH l{HX CKJla)J.HHX i CBOepi.U.HHX TBOpiB: BOHH BHKOHYIOTb KOM003111..{iHHi, i.n.eHHO-JMiCTOBi Ta noeTH'łHi <pyHKL{ii'. ,[(ianorn (np.s:iMa MOBa) 51BJl51IOTb co6oIO MaKpOCTPYKTYPH BHyTpiWHbOfO ni.n.nop.s:i.n.KyBaHHH, 3 .n.on0MOfOIO HKHX p03B11Ba€TbC51 CIO)l(eTHa niHiH. Cnel..{11<piKa i'x opraHi3al{ii' noB'513aHa 3 TaKHMH "qoJIOBi'łHMH" xapaKTepHCTHKal\111 MOBJieHHH, 51KMOB a i cmWlb yKpaiHCbKUX ...
TET$IHA 6El.lEHKO HaHBHiCTIO KinbKOX penniK y .u.ianoJi Ta 3Hal.fHOJO 11nrnaniCTJO l.ll1X penniK y
l.faci. Hanp11Kna.u.:
"Man, CTapeHbKall, rony6KO CHBeHbKall! T11 MHOfO Ha CBiTi niT npO)t<HBana,
lłoM-TO TH KOJaUbKO'i 3arat1,Kl1 He Bfa,!lana? TioMep TBiH c11H Iaacb Ha lłepKeC-.llOJ111Hi! TaM HOMY rn1160K11H .llOJI Konan11, lłoptty Mor11ny a11c0Ky a11c11nan11, 3eneHHM ,!lCpHOM 06Knan11, 6in11M KHJI0MOM ca,!l11n11. 3eMJill aen11Ki rpowi Mac, JliKy a 'ix He JHac,
3eMJill rop,!lall, n11wttall, JeMJill namu11H11 He po611Tb,
[(apeai-Koponeai ronoa11 He CKJIOHl1Tb" (YH.D: I 972: 245-246). a6o:
"CTaHbMO, 6paTe, Tym -TyT M0fMJ111 BHCOKi I rpaaa xopowa.
CTaHbMO )I(, 6paTe, XO'I Mano-He�rnoro KoHeii nonaciMo;
CTaHbMO, 6paTe, nOKH COHl..\e o6irpic,
lł11 He np116y.n.e K ttaM 6paT Haw MeHWHH, Tiiw11ii-niXOT11He1..1b:
To.Ili )I( Ha iioro sen11Koc ycep.n.ic MaJO
I sc10 .n.0611'ly icK11.n.a10,
A iioro, niworo, Me)K11 O'li xanaio" (YH.D: I 972: 206-207).
a6o:
To siH 'ix Ja6a'!ac
Ta CJIOBaM11 npOMOBJlllE::
"BosK11-cipoMaH1..1i i opn11-'!0pH0Kp11nb1..1i, fOCTi Mo't' MHJii,
Xo'! MaITO-HCMHOro ni,!lO)K,ll.iTe,
TI0K11 .llYllla KOJaUbKa 3 TiJioM p03JIY'll1TbCll. Om.n.i )I( s11 6y,n.eTe Ha '!OpHi Ky,n.pi HacTynarn,
13-ni.n. no6a 'IOpHi O'li Bl1CMl1KaT11, floni,n. 3eJieHl1Ml1 llBOpaMl1 XOBaTl1
I KOM11U1aM11 yKp11sarn" (YH.D: 1972: 206).
HaBe.neHi np11Kna.n11, a TaKO)I( attaniJ iHlll HX JJ.YM OBHX .ni anoriB ni,nTBepJJ.)l(YE: i TOH q>aKT, BH51BileHHH y'łeHHMH, ll\O "'łOilOBiK TaKO)I( 6inhlllOIO MipOIO opirnTyE:TbCH Ha BnacHe nonepe,ll.HE: BHCilOBillOB8HHH" (ropoun<O 200 I : 523), BHacni.n.oK 'łOro i CTBOplOE:TbCH KOHTHHyanbHiCTb, a.nHTHBHiCTb BHCilOBill0B8HHH.
ll{e 0,ll.H8 CnOCTepe)l(eHa 03H8Ka MOBileHHH 'łOJIOBiKiB - H8HBHiCTb
3anepe'łeHb, HKi TaKO)I( BnaCTHBi JJ.YMOBOMY enocoai. <f>yHKl..liOHyBaHHH Janepe'łeHb Jaq>iKcoaaHe i B .n.ianorax, HK-oT:
"B11 naHOBe-MOJIO.!ll..li, KaH,!l.aHaMH He CTy'liTe, 5icHHH He B'UIHiTe,
HiKOTOporo Typ'łHHa s ranepi He 36y.uiTe ... " (YH)]. 1972: 145). a6o:
"Ew, KyMe, KyMe, Eapa6awy, reTbMaHe MOJ10.o.11i1! 5IK 6y.o.ew TH MeHi CHMH cnoBaMH .!lOC3)K,!l.aTH,
)].a B)Ke H )K He 3apiKa!OCb T06i 3 TIJii'l, HK raJIKY, roJIOBY 3HHTH . . . " (YH)]. 1972: 269).
a6o:
Ko3aK npOMOBHTb CJIOBaMH:
"He BHrJIH,!l.aH MeHe, ceCTpo, Hi 3 'lHCTOro nOJIH, Hi 3 6yi1Horo BO!O .. . " (YH)]. 1 972: 323).
i B 3B11'ł8HHiH TeKCTOBiH onoai.ni (oco6JIHBO y q>irypax napaneni3MY, B
KOHCTPYKl..liHX 3 nopiBHHHHHMH TOl..l.(O): He CHBa 3O3YJIH JaKysana,
5IK .o.isKa CaH,!l)KaKiBHa KORO npHCTaHi noXO,!l)KaJia . . . (YH)]. 1972: 145).
a6o:
Aw, B He.O.iJI!O paHo, 6ap30 paHo, He B yci .!l3BOHH 3a,!l.3BOHeHO,
5IK y KpaHHbOMY .O.OMY rosopeHO . . . (YH)]. 1972: 323).
)l;yMH, HK i BJarani Hapo.n.ttonoenPrna TBOp'łiCTb, JOKpeMa niceHHa, Bi.UJ Ha 'ł8lOTbCH lllHpOKHM Q)YHKUiOHyBaHHHM .n.eMiHynrnHHX Q)OpM. TH)l(iHHH .no 3MettllleHo-necTn11B11x yTBopeHb ttacaMnepe.n. c11rnaniJye npo cneu11q>iKy yKpa'iHChKoi' MeHTailbHOCTi, TOMY 38KOHOMipHO, ll\O JJ.YMH penpe3eHTYJOTb
MoBa i cmWlb yKpaiHCbKUX ... TET5!HA 6EU.EHKO
ll{OAO B)l(HBaHOCTi TaKHX cpopM. A.zi:)l(e .n:ocrriAHHKH Ha OCHOBi eKcnep11MeHTiB nepeKOHYlOTh y TOMY, l.l.{0 i •rnnoBiKH aKTHBH0 BKRIO'-lalOTh AO CB0ro CJIOBHHKa ,zi:eMiHyTHBHi cpopMH (3eMCKaH, K11Tai1ropo.n:cKaH, Po3aHoBa
1 993:
90-1 63).
Po3rrrHHYBWH cneu11cpiKy MOBHo-crnrrhOBo·i opraHi3auii" AYM 3 yx11rroM Ha BmrnrreHHH 03HaK MaCKyrriHOJieKTY i 6y.n:yi-m nepeK0HaHHMH Ha OCHOBi no3aMOBHOro MaTepiarry npo "4on0Bi'ły" npH'łeTHiCTb AO CKna,zi:a HHH, nournpeHHH i BHKOHaHHH AYM Bnp0A0B>K ycieY icTopii" ·1x icHyBaHHH, He MO)l(eMO AOCHTh KaTeropH'łH0 CTBep.n:)l(yBaTH, ll{0 CaMe MOBHHH aHani3 € 6e3anenHuii1HHM i OAH03Ha'łHHM AOKa30M Toro, l.l.{0 AYMOBi TeKCTH -BHTBOpH cyTo 'łOROBi'łoro reHiH (oco6JIHBO, KOnH 6parn A0 yBarn aHarri3 ll{OAO Y)l(HBaHHH KOJibopoHa3B, cneu11cpi'-!HHX rpyn iMeHHHKiB Ta iH.). U:e i ,zi:arro 3Mory A. K11p11rriHii1 -cneuianicToBi B rany3i reH.n:eponoriY -BHCJIOBHTH
no,zi:i6Hy AYMKy: "Y 6y.n:h-Hl<OMY BHna,zi:Ky Bi)J.OMa HaM KiJihKiCTb po6iT, npHCBH'-!eHHX BH3Ha'-!eHHlO THnOBHX p11c 'łOROBi'łoro i )l(iHO'-!Oro MOBneHHH, He .n:ae: MO)l(JIHBOCTi 3p06HTH rnep,zi:i BHCHOBKH npo HeBi)J.'E:MHi aTpH6yTH '-!OnoBi'-!Oro i )!(iHO'-!OrO MOBJieHHH" (K11p11rr11Ha
1 999: 65).
TaKoi· )I( AYMKH j;j O. 3eMCbKa Ta iH. (3eMCKaH, KHTaHropOACKaH, Po3aHOBa1 993: 1 32).
Xo'-!a y HaWOMY BHna.n.Ky, BBa)!(aE:M0, TaKHM ,zi:ell{O nepeKOHJIHBHM noKaJHHKOM, nopiBHHHO 3 iHWMMH, € CHHTaKCH'-!Ha opraHi3auiH, 30KpeMa ycKJiaAHeHiCTb, nocrri,zi:OBHiCTb BHKrra.ny (KOHTHHyarrhHiCTh, a)J.HTHBHiCTb) iMnepaTHBHiCTh TOl.l.{O, npoTe uei1 noKa3HHK He BHCTynae: He3anepe'-!HHM AOKa30M Toro, l.l.{0 3a3Ha'-!eHi p11c11 xapaKTepHi TiJihKH )J.JIH '-!OROBi'-!oro MOBJieHHH. ,[(rrH nopiBHHHHH MO)l(Ha B3HTH np030BY Ta noeTH'-IHY TBOp'-liCTh T. llleB'łeHKa, Jl. TorrcToro,
Y.
CaM'łyJ<a, TI. 3arpe6errhHOro, P. lBaH11'łyKa, O. roH'-lapa, M. CTenhMaxa, M. P11nhChKoro, M. na)l(aHa, M. BiHrpaHo BChKoro, B. CTyca Ta iH. i paHHIO Ta ni3HIO MOBOTBOp'-!iCThIO.
MywKeT11Ka, ll{O A0CHTb B iAMiHHi, HaCal\rnepe.n: 3 nornHAY CHHTaKCH'łH0ro Bn0-PHAKyBaHHH, i.nioCTHnh A. qexoBa,IO.
36aHaUbKOro,n.
rpa60BChKOro, O. OrrecH, B. C11MoHeHKa, - o'-leBH.D.H0, ll{0 y K0)!(H0MY K0HKpeTH0MY BHnaAKy BHHBJIH€MO cyTo iHAHBi.nyaJibHi oco6rrHBOCTi -ue 3 O)J.HOro 6oKy i 3pa3KH )!(iHO'-IOrO xy)J.0)!(Hh0ro M0BJieHHH - 3 .n:pyroro, HKi TaKO)!( He M0)!(Ha KBanicpiKyBaTH 0)J.H03Ha'łH0, HKl.l.{0 p03rJIH)J.aTH cneu.11cpiKy caMe CHH TaKCH'łHoi· 6y.noBH TeKCTiB: Hanp11Krra.n, MOBOTBOp'łiCTh Jleci YKpa·iHKH,I.
Birrh.ne, O. Ko611nHHChKO°i, O. IBatteHKO, O. 3a6y)!(KO,JI.
3a6awTH, Jl. KoCTeHKO, O. TiaxrrhOBChKO°i Ta iH. Ma6yTh UH npo6rreMa Bce-TaK11 6iJihwo10 Mip o10 3HaX0AHThCH no3a Me)!(a M H Haw11x M O )!(JIHBOCTei1 w.o.no "j"jOCTaTO"łHOro i 6e3anerrsiuiHHOro p03B'Sl3aHHSI. 3Ha'-łHO rrerwe nopiBHSIHO 3 UHM (i nepeKOHJIHBiwe) BH3Ha"łaTH BHSIBH HauioHaJibHOi. cneumpiKH y MOBi (MOBJieHHi), l.l.(e rrerwe - .uocnim1<yBaT11 oco6nHBOCTi i,n:iocrHmo OKpeMoro MHTUSI '-łH MOBOTBOp'-łiCTb XYAO)l(HHl<iB cnoBa rreBHoi· Te'-łi"i, HanpSIMKY, nepio.u,y TOl.l.(o)
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Language and Style of the Ukrainian National Thoughts: Features of Man s
Style of Speech
Clause is devoted to the proof of that indisputable fact supported by the historical vali dity, that thoughts belong to creation of the man 's genius. Researches are carried out on the bas is of the ana lysis of a language materia! which, according to linguists, is characte rized by sexual marks. The arguments resulted in the publication are based on the distinc tions revealed by the scientist-linguists in word usage of men and women. The idea on complexity of such researches and ambiguity of received results expresses also. The fur ther and profound search of ways and the methods connected to the decision of problems of a floor and style is offered.
