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h eé oprajmsaxopaM».
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ra.Hp3au,HH OGaeAHHeHiHbix Haunvi coBexcxoe npaiEaxenbeTBO BHecno npeA- jio*eHHie npHHHTb j^em iapaum o 06 yexpaaeaHH yrpo3bi hoboh bowhu h oó yKpenjieHHH MHpa h GeaonacHocxa HapoAOB. B arovi AOKnapaima coBexcKoe npaBiHTejibCTBO bhoibb .npe^Jiaraiet: ocyAHTb a BOonpeTHXb npanaraHAy 3a HOByio BoivHy; 3anp!exaTb acnonhsoBaiaae axoMHoro opy>Kaa, Kax opyvKaa arpecciHH a MaceoBoro yHiaqTo>KeHHH nioAea; ycTaaoBHTb exporan MOKAyHa- portHbiii KOHxpoJib 3a TOEHbiM a 6e3ycjioB!HbiM ocymecaBneinaeM 3Toro aanpe- meaitH; 3aKmo'-iHTb OaKT no yKpenneaaio Mapa Menmy naTbio bgjihkhmh AepvKasaMH h coKpaxaTb a x BoopyvKeHiHbie chjih aa oAay TpeTb b xeaekae ro iia , c TeM nxoCbi a a an bine npoAonatanocb ax coKpameavie.
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b to ope'MH xa« Apyraa B03Be.ua b iipnauan opbiB Me>KAyHapOAaoro Mapaoro corp vahh aecTB a a CTaBKy aa BeeMepHoe oQocTpeaae m o k Ay h ap oA'H oh oG- CTaHOBKH.
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v Ha oO /0. HapOAHoe norpedAeHHe cetinac 3HannTejibHo npeBbixuaeT AOBoeH- HblH yp°seHb. B Hameñ cTpaHe, crpme counaAH3Ma h Mupa, co3AaroTCfl
bc© ycJioBHH aah «enpepbiBHoro noA'béMa >KH3HeHH0iro ypoBHa Mace.
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Cbohim riepabiM BC©HaipoAHbiM KaiHAHAaroM a AenyTaTbi coiBeTCKne nroAH, npeAaiHiHbie A^Jiy M.H¡pa, A&Jiy KOM:MyHiH3ma, Ha3®a.JiiH aHaMeBocna 6oipb6bi 3a MHp Beji'H'Koro CTaAHHa. KaHAHAaTaMH b AenyTaxbi M ecraux CoBeTOB xpy- Ahiahxch BbiexaBAeHbi AyHiiiiHe aioah CTpaiHbi, nepeAOiBHKH xpyAa, npeACTa- BHxeAH nepeAOBOH coaercKOH hHireAahpenhhh, napTHñnbie u «enapxHHHbie OOAbm©BBK>H.
Co»eTCKHe aioah xopomo snaioT, ato ohh 3aBoéiBbiBaioT MHp h 6©3o- nacHocxb HapoAOB CBoeñ MopaAbHo-noAHXH'-iecKOH cnAoqéHHocTbio. HpeA- CTOínnne Bbióopbi b MecxHbie CoaeTbi AenyTaiTOB TpyAHUbHxcn hbhtch noBbiM noATBep/KAenHen axoñ cnAonéiH«ocTiH iBcero coaercKoro napoAa BOKpyr kom- MyHHcxHnecKOH napTHH — pyKOBOAHmeti n HainpaBnaromeH chah nam ero ro- cyAapcxBa.
/J,py3bH MHp3, BO TA3JB'6 KOTOpblX HAeT OQBeTCKHH IiapOA, yBepeHbl ¡B KO- H6HH0M xopaíecTee CBoero npaBoro AeAa. 3xo iBceiMHpnoe ABiHAíenne — «©ot- pa3HMaa cha a, c Koxopoñ Bbi'Hy>KA©Hbi cnHxaxbCH nipaemuHe KpypH HMnepHa- ah c thneck hx cxpaH. 3xa cuna CMeTéT Bce npeiiHTCTBHH «a cboSm nyxH, onpoKHHex h copséx npecxynHbie riAaHbi HMnepHaAHCxHnecKHx noAiKHraxe-
a©h BOHHbi. M n p nodeAHT BoñHy noxoMy, hto 3H3m h dopbdbi 3a MHp — Ct3AHH.
T p H f l U a T l » B T O p O H T O M C o H H H e H H H
B. M. JleHHHa
K . Ky3uei{06
(npoH 3BeAeHHsi B. H. JleHHHa, onyfwiHKOBaHHbie' b TpHnuaTb btopom
TOMe CoHHHeHHH, HanHcaHbi 3a BpeMH c 30 neKaópa 1920 roña no 14 aB- rycTa 1921 r o ñ a — b Hanane nepexona napTHH Ha MHpHyio paOoTy no BOCCTaHOBJieHHK) HapOnHOPO XOGHHCTB3 CTpaHbl.
B 9tot nepuoA nepen óonbiueBHCTCKoñ naprneñ Berana HCTopHnecKaa Panana — BbipaóoraTb HOByro ycTanoBKy no boom BonpocaM xosañcTBeiiHoro crpoHTejibCTBa, coorBeTCTByromyio hobhm ycnoBHHM paaBBTHH CTpaHbl.
HeoOxonuMO óbiJio npeononerb pacoperme h paapyxy, Bbi3BaHHbie nerbipéx- neraen h mnephaj iñ e ramcckoh bohhoh h TpéxjieTHen rpajKnaHCKo« sonHoñ, BoccTaHOBHTb h ne pe ct ponan Ha co'nnajincTHnecKHx nanajiax npoMbimneH- HO'CTb, TpaHCnOpT, CejIbCKOe X03HHCTB0.
B cnoJKHeHuieH oOcTaHOBKe, xorna noene pa3rpoMa coefliiHéHHbix chji
HHOCTpa'HHblX H'HTCp BCH TOB H BHyipeH'HeH KOH T p |>e B O.JI 10 H H H napTHH fíOJIb- meBHKOB CTOJIKHyjiaCb C HOBbIMH niraHTCKHMH TpyAHOCTHMIi, CBH33HHbIMH C nepexonoM ot bohhm k MHpy, IB. H . JIchihh reHHanbHO onpenennn HOBoe co- OTHomeHHe KJiaccoBbix chji, HaMeTHJi KOHKpeTHbie n y ra nepexona ot nonn- THKH BOeH-HOrO KOMMyHH3M3 K «OBOH SKOHOMHMeCKOH nOJIHTHKe, p33pa6o- Tan MeponpHHTHH, HanpaBJieHHbie Ha naJibRenuiee ynponeHHe coro3a pa6one- ro KJiacca c KpecTbHHCTBOM io k ochobm nHKTarypbi npojieTapnaTa.
HanenaTaHHbie b TpnnuaTb btopom tomc CoHHHeHHH n p o H3Benehhh
B . H . JleHHHa 0To6pa>Kai0T orpOMHyio TeoperHHecKyio h nonHranecKyio nem ejibiiocTb Bomna pcbojiiohhh, cMeno h yBepeHHO ocyiHecTBjiHBiuero pyKOBoncTBo napraen h Cobctckhm rocynapcTBOM. 3th npoH3BeneHHa noxa- 3biBaK)T, KaKyio HanpaJKéi-myio 6opb6y BbinepxKajia OonbmeBHCTCKaa napTHH npoTHB’ pa3o6jiaHé.HHbix no3nnee TpO'U.KHCTCKO-6yxapHiíCKHX BparoB napTHH
h coBeTCKoro Hapona.
K an h Bcerna, b stot OTBeTCTBeHHbiH nepHon b >KH3HH Hameft napTHH OjIHÍKaHUIHM nPyrOM (H BOpHblM COpaTHHKOM B. H . JleHHHa HBJIHJICH M. B. Ct3jihh. BMecTe c JleHHHbiM TOBapnin, Ct3jihh b hobhx ycnoBHHX KJiaccoBOH óopbóbi npojieTapHaTa nocnenoBaTejibHO orcTanBan h npoBonHJi JieHHHCKyiO JIHHHK) BO BCeX Bonpocax napTHHHOrO H X03HñCTBeHHOrO CTpOH- TeJibCTBa, Bmcctc c JTeiHHHbiM TOBapHm C’rajiHH ot6hji BOe arana aHTnnap- THHHblX (JlpaKUHH H rpynnHpOBOK, OTCTOHJI H yKpenHJI enHHCTBO OojIbmeBHCT- CKOH napTHH.
* *
*
ripoH3BeneHHH, BomenuiHe b TpnnuaTb BTOpon tom CoHHHeHHH, ocB e - ipaiOT rHraHTCKyio paóoTy B. H. JleHHHa no yKpenjieHHio ennHCTBa panoB napTHH, no noBbimeHHio eé pojih Kan BnoxHOBHTena h opraHH3aTopa 6opb6bI TpynHIHHXCH Mace 3a X03HHCTBCHH0e B03p0>KneHHe CTpaHbl, 3a co- 3naHHe (JiynnaMeHTa comían hcthhcckoh skohomhkh. HcKjnoHHTenbHo Baxo woe 3Hane.HHC b 3tom OTHonifiHHiH hmciot ncHHHOKHe paOoTbi: oméT « 3a- KmoHHTenbHoe cnono no OTnéTy o nojihthneckoh n&Htenbhocth U K P K n (6 ) Ha X Cbe3ne napTHH, penb o npocJieccHOHanbHbix coio3ax, noxnan h 3aKnio- HHTenbnoe cjiobo no noxnany o 3aMCHe pa3BépcTKH HaTypanbHbiM HanoroM,
10 IŁ Hy3HEaO B
«rtepBOHaqajibHbiH npoeKT peaojiromm X cwsAa P K n o cahhctbc napraw»
«IlepBOHanajibHMH npoeKT pesojnomin X CbesAa P K O o CHHAHKaAHCTCKOM
h aHapxHCTCKOM yioione b Harneñ napraw», noxjiajx n aamnonnTejibHoe caobo
no AOKAaAy 06 eAHHCTBe napTnn h aHapxo-CHHAHKaAHCTCKOM yKjione.
B. l i . JleHWH noKa3aji, hto padoann Kjiacc moíkct BbmoAHHTb pojib
b o k a h h pyKOBOAHTejin TpyAamaxca Mace b hx 6opbóe 3a connajiH3M Tojib- KO nOA pyKOBOACTBOM^ napTHH ßOAbllJCB'HKOB, CHAbHOH >Ke.Jie3HbIM CAHHCTBOM CBOHX pfiAOB, Boopy>i<ëHHon nepeAOBoii reopneił u t3kthkoh KAaccooofl 6opn-
6bi npojieTapnaTa. ,
«MapKCH3M y n u r,— nncaji Jlem m ,— ...hto TOAbKo noAHrarnecKaa napraa paoonero Kjiacca, t. e. komm y hhcthhcck a h napraa, b coctohhhh oótcah- H'HTb, BOcnuTara, opranH30BaTb Taxon aBaHrapA npoAeTapnaTa n Been Tpy*
AHiueñca Maccbi, KOTOpbiii oahh b coctohhhh iipoTiiBOCToara Hew36e>KHbiM MCAKo6yp>Kya3HbIM KOAeÓaHHHM 3TOH MaC-Cbl, HCH36e>KHbIM TpaAHHHHM h pe- HHAHBaM npocJieccHOHaAHCTCKon y30cra hau npo(j>eocHO'HaAH€TCKHX npeApac- cyAKOB cpeAH npoAGTapnaTa h pyKOBOAHTb see ił oÓireAHHeHHOił ACHTeAbHO- CTbio Bcero npoAerapHaTa, t. e. pyKOBOAHTb hm noAHranecxH, a nepea Hero pyKOBOAHTb BceMH TpyAHLpHMHca MaccaMH. Be3 3TOTO AHKTaTypa npoAeTa- pnaTa HeocymecTBHMa»1.
Pio OKOHwaH'HH rp a >ka a hc Koił BOHHbi cepbësHbiM HcnbiTaHHHM noflBeprca
b oe h no - n oahtih a ec K hh C0I03 pa6onero KAacca h KpecTbancTBa. OcHOBa, Ha KOTopoH oh Aep>KajiCH, 0Ka3aAacb ya<e hcaoctatohhoë. KpecTbHHcrao HanaAo OTKpbITO BbIpa*aTb CBOÖ HeAOBOJIbCTBO CHCT6M0H npoApasBëpcTX«, OCTaB- inenca ot Boeimoro komm y hh 3 m a, H3baraeM Bcex H3ahuikob h TpeöoBaAo, MToobi ropoA AaBaA AcpeBHe HeoÔxoAHMoe koahhcctbo HyiKHbix TOBapoB.
B pe3yAbTaTe pa3pyxn, na noHBe roAOAa h ycTaAocra neAOBOAbcrao npoaBH- Jiocb T3K>Ke h cpeAH nacra paÔOHHX.
B parn Cobctckoh babcth noribiTaAHCb HcnoAb30BaTb HeAOBOAbCTBo xpe- CTbH-HCTBa H 0praHH30'BajIH pHA KyAaUKHX BOCCTaHHH B CHÖHpM, Ha yKpa-H- Hc, b TaMßoBCKOii ryöepHHH. CTpewacb CBeprayra AHKraTypy npoAeTapnaTa H BOCCTaHOBHTb BAH CT b nOMCLUMKOB H KailHTaAHCTOB, 6 CAOT B a p A C H UbI COB- MeCTHO C acepaMH, MeHbUieBHKaMH H npeACTaBHTeAHMH ITHOCTpaHHblX rocy- AapCTB OpraHH30B3AH KOHTppeBOAIOHHOHHblii XpOHLUTaATCKHH MHTOK.
B 3T0T Hanpa>KëfiHbin momcht b JKH3HH CoBGTCKoro rocyAapcTBa aH- ranaprañiibie rpynrinpoBKii, Bbipa/xaBiune AaBAennc MeAxo6yp>xya3HOH cth-
xhh, CAcviaan nonbiTxy copßaTb BbipaöoTxy 6oj¡ bUue®HCTCKoił napraeíi HOBblX yCTaHOBOK B OÖA3CTH SKOHOMHHeCKOH nOAHTHKH. OhH TiaBH3aAH nap
THH Tan na3biBaeMyio AHCxyccmo o npocJ)coi03ax, KOTopaa b AencTBHTeAb- HOCTH H.MeAa óoaee mnpoKoe 3HaHeHHe, neM Bonpoc o ripofjicoi03ax K ax ot- MenaAOCb b pesoAiouHH aHBapCKoro nAenyMa U K P K H (ó ) b 1925’ roAy, Ha AeAe 6o p t6a uiAa no Bonpocy «06 OTHomenHH k KpecTbaHcray, noAbiiàaB- mcMyca npoTHB BoeHHoro KOM¡\iyHH3Ma, 06 OTHO'ineHHH k óecnapTHHHOH Mac
ce paôoHHx, Booöme 0 noAxoAe napraw k Macce b noAocy, kotah rpa>i<AaH- cKaa BoSna yace KonnaAacb»
(«BKn(6)
b pe30Aion,HHx», 1940 r h 1-hCTp. 636). ’
n p o ra B A HH H H JleH im a BbICTynHAH 3AGHlIIHe Bp a TH napTHH — Tpon,- K iic ib i. O T pim aa^ ACM ok p a Tunee KH fi xapaKTcp ripocJieccHOHaAbHbix o p ra - HHSaiUlH, TpoUKHH H CTO CTOpOHHHKH n 0Tpe60B3AH «OrOCyAapCTBACHHH npo(pcoio30B» h Hacaa<AeHHa b npocficoiosax MeTOAa ro A o ro npHuyacAeHHa h KOMHHAOBaHHa. Cboch npeAaTeAbCKOH tioahthkoh «3 an hhhhb a hhh raex»
11 «nepcTpaxHBaHiia npocJicoioaoB» TpounHCTbi bhochah b npot}icoi03bi koh- CpAHKTbl, CTpeMHAHCb paCKOAOTb p 3004 H H KA3CC, BOCCTaHOBHTb ÔecriapTHÎl- Hbix paooHHX npoTHB napTHH h TCM caMbiM coQAaib yrpoay cyniecTBOBannio AHKxaTypbi npcwieTapnaTa. B caca 3a tpoukhcthmh nporaiB napTHH BbicTy- riHAH h Apyrne aHraôoAbuieBHCTCKne rpynnKH: «paôoHaa onnoanuna»,
‘ B- H - JIeH .“ n- C?''-. T- 32, H3A 4-e, erp. 222. B AiwibHcfimeM ccwakh na cTpaamiu TpHAUflTb BTOporo TOMa CoHHHeHHii B. H. JIcm-IHa AaKJTCiI U TCKCTe.
T P H jfflA T b BTOPOH TOM COHHHEHHH B. H. AEHHHA 11
«^eMOKpaTHiecKHe ueHupajiHCTbi» w «jieBbie kommyhhctu», o6pa30BaBmHe Tan na3biBaeMyio «dycjiepnyro» rpynny.
BecnoiuauHO pa3o6AaHau • tpoukhctob h Apyrne ahthnapra¿łubie rpyn- nnpoBKH, nbiraBiiiHecH paapyiUHTb cahhctbo napTHH, JleHHH oTMeuan b cbo- HX paÓOTaX, HTO npO(})COI03bI HBAHIOTCH He TOJIbKO Heo6xOAHMOH, HO HCTOpH- Heckii HCH36e>KHoił opraHHsauHeft npOMbiiuAeHHoro npojiexapnaTa, oxBaTbi- Baromeił b ycjiOBHax AHKTaTypbi upoACTapuaTa iiohth noroAOBHO secb paóoHHii KJiacc. OTcioaa CACAyeT, hto b npoBeACHHU AHKTaTypbi npojiera- pHaTa, b CTpoHTejibCTBe kommyiHHCTHHęcKOro oómecTBa npo4)coK)3H nrpaioT oecbMa cymecTBeHHyio pojib. H o aro BOBce ne 3HanHT, hto npocjicoK)3bi
mojkho npeBpaTHTb B rxjcyAap'CTBOHHbie opraHHsauHH, KaK npeAAaraAH Tpop- KHCTbl.
PernHTejibHO OTBepraa BoeHHbie MetOAbi pyKOBOAcraa npo$coio3aMH,
h aca jka as iuhoch t p oukhct a mh , JI©hh.h noAH ep;K hb a a , hto xoth npo<J>coi03bi
hbabiotch opranHpauHeft npaBamero, rocnoACTByromero KAacca, Koropbiii ocy- mecTBAseT AHKTarypy, to ecTb rocyAapcTBeHHoe njiHHyiKAeHHe, oahoko
npocjicoio3bi no CBoeMy cyiuecTBy «ne ecTb opraHH3amia rocyAapcTBeHHaa,
sto He ecTb opraHH3anHa npHiryłKAeHHH, sto ecTb opraHHsauHH BoennTa- TeAbHaa, oprainisam ui BOBAenennH, odyneima, sto ecTb uiKOJia, lukoa a ynpaBAemwi, uikoab xo3HiiHiinaiiHJi, um ojia KOMMyHH3Ma» (c ip . 2).
B. H. JlenHH yKa3biBaA, hto npocJieccHOHaAbHbie opraHH3auHH npeACTaB-
ajhot coóoii onopy napTHH, Momnoe cpeACTBO cbh3h napTHH c MaccaMH.
OnpeACAHH cymnocTb npoil>coio30B b snoxy AHKTaTypbi npoAeTapnaTa, JleHHH HpHIUejl K BbIBOAy o TOM, HTO «ripO(J)COK)3bI C03AaiOT C B H 3 b aBaH- rapAa c MaccaMH, npot}icoi03bi noBceAHeBHoir pa6oroii yóejKAaioT Maccbi, Maccbi toto KAacca, KOTopwii oahh toalko b coctohhhh nepeBecTii nac ot
KanuTaAiHSMa k KOWMymBMy. 3to c oahoh CTopoHbi. C Apyroft CTopoHbi, npotJ)coio3bi — «pe3epByap» rocyAapcTBeHuoii BAaera. Bot hto Tanoe npo<|)- coK)3bi b nepHOA nepexoAHbiii ot KanwTaAH3Ma k KOMMyHH3My» (cTp. 2— 3).
PyKOBOACTByflCb 3THMH ACIIHHCKHMH yi<a3aHHHMH, fiOAblllCBIICTCKaH napTHH yKpeiiAHJia h yicpenAHCT npo^eccnonaAbUbie coio3bi, noBbimacT nx poAb b
6opb6e 3a riocTpoenne KOMMyHH3Ma b CCCP.
ribiTasicb pa3pyniHTb coneTCKiie npocpeccnoHaAbHbie coio3bi, nporaBono- CTaBHTb HX napTHH, TpOUKHCTbl TCM C3MHM T0AK3AH napTHIO Ha THÓeAbHblH nyTb pa3pbiBa c mhaahohhmmh MaccaMH paOonero KAacca, Ha nyTb pa3pbiBa coio3a paCoHiix ii KpecTbHH, coio3a, cocTaBAjnomero ocHosy AHKTaTypbi npo- AeTapHaTa. J Ichhh pa3o6AaHHA AeMaronno tpoukhctob h noKa3aA, hto cyTb Sopbfibi 3akak>haeTCH b Bonpoce o MeTOAax noAXOAa k Macce, o cbh3H c Maccoił. «...Cemac a^ao b tom,— roeopHA Jleniwu,—KaK k Macce noAOHTH, OBAaAeTb eio, c neio cBH3aTbCii, KaK CAOHiHbie npHBOAw paóoTbi (p a 6 o T b i.n o ocymecTBAeHHio AHKTaTypbi npoAeTapHaia) HaAaAHTb» (cTp. 5 ). 11oa pyKO-
boactbom JleHHH a h CTaAHHa óoAbineBHCTCKaa napTHH HauiAa cpeACTBa yKpenAeHHH obhsh aBanrapAa c iuhpokhmh MaccaMH paóonero KAacca h eme óoAee ycHAHAa AHKTaTypy ripoAeTapHaTa.
Ha 3aiuiiTy tpoukhctob, sthx 3AeiiuiHx t})paKUH0«epoB, CTpeMHBUJHXCH Aiofioii Ue-HOH paCKOAOTb napTHK), BbTCTyUHAa B03rA3BAH©Man ByxapHHbIM T aK
Ha3biBaeMaH «rtycjiepnan» rpynna «AeBbix KOMMynucTOB». B. H. JleHHH co Bceił CHAoił ofipyiiiHACii na 6yxapinmeB, KOTopue BCKope otkphto o6neflH- HHAHCb C TpOUKHCTUMH fipOTHB napTHH. Oh pa306AaHHA HCTHHHyiO pOAb fiyxapwHCKOii rpyrm w «KaK nocoóiiHKa xyAinoii h BpeAHeiiineH cjipaKUHOH-
hocth» (cTp. 51). BbiABi-iran A03ynr «ripoH3BOACTBeHnoii ASMOKpaTHH»,
«AeBbie komMymiCTbi» cKam m icb na TOHny 3peHi-in «paSoueił onno3HUiiH», npeACTaBAHBuieft co6oii aHapxo-CHHAHKaAHCTCKyio aHTHnapTiiHHyio rpynny.
B. H . JleHHH A0«a3HA, hto iiAaTcjiopMa «6ycJ)epHoii» rpynnbi ii Aorane-
ckh, h TeopeTHnocKH, h upaKTHHecKH «03HaHaeT pacKOA napTOii, Bcpnee:
pa3pb)B cwHAUKaAHCTOB c napTHeu» (cTp. 30), paapbiB dyxapunneB c kom- MynH3MOM. BeonomaAiio paaoOAanaH bKACKTiiny B yxapnna, ero am-HMap- KCHCTCKOe IIO'HHMaHUO COOTHOUICHHH riOAHTHKH H 3KOHOMHKH, JleHHH
12 K. KY3HEI10B
pa3BHji jxajibine Bonpocbi MapKCHCTCKoñ HHaneKTHKK, noKa3aji o ópasiiu npn- MeHeHHH MaTepHajiHCTHqecKOH AnajieKTHKH k kohKp eth bi m BonpocaM coeer- CKoro CTpomejibCTBa. B CBoeñ ópomiope «Em,e pa3 o npocjicoiosax»
B. H. JleHHH, pasodjianaH sparoB na p ia n , noKa3a.11, hto ohh hoaxoaht k Bo
npocaM nOJIHTHK'H IiapT'HH He C TOHKH 3peHHH AHaJieKTHHeCKOH JIOrHKH, a c
tohkh 3peHna JiorHKH c{)opMajibHOH HJiH Aance cxoJiacranecKOH.
«JIorHKa (JjopMajibHaa, — nncaji JleHHH, — KOTOpoH orpanHHHBaroTca b
niKOJiax (h flo ji*H b i orpaHHHHBaTbCH — c noripaBKaMii — ajih hh3ihhx KJiac- coB ihkojibi), 6epeT cjiopManbHbie onpeflejienHH, ípyicoeoAHCb tcm, hto nanfío- Jiee oóhhho hjih hto name acero 6pocaeTca b masa, h orpa«HnnBaeTCH 3THM...
JlorHKa HHajieKTHnecKaH Tpedyex toto, HTodbi m m iiijih Aajibiue»
(cTp. 72).
Pa3BHBaa ^3tot Te3nc, JleHHH ccjiopMyjiHpoBan ocHOBHbie TpeóoBa«Hn AHajieKTHnecKOH JiorHKH ajih AeHCTBHTejibHOiro no3HaHHH npeAMera, a HM6HH0: H3yneHHH npeAMeia bo Bcex ero cbh3hx h «onocpeACTBO'BaHHax», H3yneHHH npeAMeia b ero pa3BHTnn n H3MeH€iHHH, BKjnoHeHHH bcch nejioiBe- necKOH npaKTHKH b ncwiHoe «onpeAejieHHe» npeAMCTa n KaK KpHTepHH HCTHHbi h na« npaKTHnecKoro onpeAejiHTejiH cbh3h npeAMeTa c tcm, hto
Hy>KHo nejioBeny. JlnaJieKTHnecKaH jio m n a ya n r, hto adcTpaKTHOH hc'thhm
HeT, HCTHHa Bceraa KOHKpeiHa. 3th nojio*eH «H JleHHHa HaHecjin coKpymn- TejibHbiñ yAap no cxojiacTH«e h SKjreKTHKe, Kan HAeñHOMy opyjKHio •
BparoB napTHH. . w
OnpeAejiaH cooTHOixieHHe skohomhkh h nojiHTHKH, JleHHH yKa3biBan, HTO nOJIHTHKa eCTb KO H ueiiTp H poB a>H ho e BblpaJKQHHe 3KOHOMHKH. JleHHH H CiajiHH b óopbfíe npoTHB tpoukhctob h óyxapHHueB, OTpbiBaBiunx nonn- THKy OT 3KOHOMHKH, nOAHépKHBajIH, HTO HCJlb3H peUiaTb BOnpOCbl 3KOHOMHKH Ó&3 npaBHJIbHOH nOJIHTHKH. FIOAHTHKa «€ MOHíeT He HMeTb nepfieHCTBa HaA 3KOHOMHKOÜ, yHHJI JleHHH, yKa3bIBaH, HTO npOAeiapHaT AOJIIKCH OOXpaHHTb
h yKpenHTb cok)3 c Kp e cTb hhctbom , Hxodbi yAeipwaTb riojiHTHHecKyio BJiaCTb H HMeTb BO3MOJKH0CTb nOCTpOHTb OOU,HajlHCTHHeCKyiO SKOHOMHKy.
JleMarorHHecKH Bbicxynan npoTHB jihhhh napTHH, dyxapnHiibi BbiABHrajiH Ji03yHr T3K Ha3biBaeMOH «npoh3boactbehhoh AeMOKpaTHH». PasodjianaH óy- xapHHneB, JleHHH rmcaji: « 3tot TepMHH TeopeTHHecKH HeBepen. iBcnKaa AeMOKpaTHH, KaK Booóme bchk3h nojiHTHHecKan HaACTpoñKa (HeH36eHíHan, nona He saBepmeno yhhhtojkchhc KJiaccoe, nona »e co3Aajiocb decKjiacco- Boe ofíinccTBo), cjiyjKHT, b KOHeHHOM enere, npoH3BOACTBy h oripeflcJineTcn, B KOHeHHOM CHeTe, npOH3BOACTB0HHbIMH OTHOUieHHHMH ABHHOrO OdmeCTBa!
r i0 3 T 0 M y BbmejieHHe «npOH3BOACTBeHHOH ASMOKpaTHH» H3 BCHKOH TOyrOH AeMOKparaH HHHero He roBopHT. 3to — nyTaHHua h nycTbiiUKa» (crp. 60).
B nepHOA npotf)copo3Hoft AHCKyccHH napTHHHbie opraHH.3aiiHH eme tcc- Hee oñbeAHHHJiHCb BOKpyr B. H. JleHHHa. ToBaprnn CTa.HHH opraHH3auHOH- HO pyKOBOAHA 6opb6oñ c onno3HHHOHHb!MH rpynnHpüBKaMH, cnjiaHHBaji nap- THIO Ha OCHOBe JieHHHCKOH njiaTcjiopMbi.
B ojibuiyio pojib B pa3rp0Me aHTHjieHHHCKHx cjipaKUHS h b node^e nap-
thhhoh jihhhh cbirpajia CTaiba TOBapHina CTaJiHita «HauiiH pa3HorjiacHH», HanenaTaHuaa b «flpaBAe» 19 HUBapa 1921 roña. Topíino OTCTaHBan no- 3h iih k> JleHHHa, TOBapnui CTajiHH yKa3aji Ha ABa MeroAa noAXOAa k paóo- HHM MaccaM: mctoa npHHyHíAeHHsi 11 mctoa yde>KAeHHíi. PaccMaTpHBaa BCeCTOpO'HHe 3TOT BOnpOC, TOBapHm Ct3AHH AOK33aA, HTO TOAbKO MeTOAa-
mh yóejKAeHHH moikho cnAOTHTb BOKpyr napTHH Maccbi pafionero KAacca, BOB.rreHb Becb opraHH30BaHiibn'i b npocj)coio3bi padoHHH K,nacc b Ae.no kom- MyHHCTHHecKoro CTpoHTejibCTBa, odecneHHTb 3a pañoHHM KjiaccoM h b Aajib- HeflmeM pyKOBOAnuiyio pojib no OTHoineHHio k KpecTbHHCTBy.
K MOMeHTy co3HBa X cbe3Aa P K r i( 6 ) , KOTopbiñ noABén HTorn ahc- KyccHH 0 npo<|)Coio3ax, Bce KpynHefimHe Meerubie napTHi'ÍHbie opraHH3aunH npHCOeAHHHAHCb K AeHHHCKOii nAaTiJiopMe. flOAaBAHlOIUHM dOJIblUHHCTBOM
TPH ÍU IATB BTOPOH TOM COHHHEHHH B. H. JIEHHHA 1S
rojiocoB X cHe3A oflOÔpHJi jieHHHCKyio njiaTtjiopMy no sonpocy o npotJ)co- KD33X.
Ha X C'be3Âe napTHH JleHHH yKa3biBaji, hto AHcnyccHH o npocpcoK)3ax fibijia HenoMepHOH, neno3BOJiHTejibHOH pocKommo, hto ona npOTenajia b
KpaHHe onacHOH oôcTaHOBKe, yrpoxiaBineH AHKTaType npojieTapnaTa. Bpa- TH napTHH XOTCJIH, BOCnOJlb30BaBUIHCb 3THM THHiëjIblM BpeMCHGM, BH6CTH pacKOJi b pH/i.bi paôonero fiyiacca, noaopBaTb pyKOBoaauiyio pojib napTHH
h ocjiaÖHTb ÂHKTaTypy n p c jie ra p n a ia . JleHHH npnsbiBaji KpenHTb cnjionëH- HOCTb, Bbiaep>KKy h ÄHcuHnjiHHy. 51 ayMaro, roBopnji JleHHH, m o n aprafi- HOMy Cbe3ay «npnaeTCH caejiaTb tot bm boa, hto AJih onnosHUHH Tenepb KOfleii, KpbiuiKa, Tenepb aoBOjibHO «aM onnoeHunn!» (erp. 177).
flecaT H H cbe3a npnHHJi npeaaomeHHyK) JleHHHUM cnem iajibH yro pe- âoaiouTîK) «O eAHHCTBe napTHH». Cnesa peiHHTejibHo ocyaan Bce onno3HUH- OHHbie rpynnnpoBKH h yi<a3aji, hto Ha a ejie ohh «noM oraioT KjiaccoBbiM BparaM npojieTapcKofi peBOJHOUHH». H a npHMepe KpoHiUTaaTCKoro MHTexo cbe3A BCKpbiJi HOByio TaKtHKy BparoB Cobctckoh BJiacTH, AejiaôuiHX CTaBKy Ha Hcn0Jib30BaHHe anTHjieHHHCKHX 4>paKUHÔ h rp y n n h paccHHTbiBaBiUHX na pacKOJi ßojibuieBHCTCKOH napTHH. Ci>e3fl npeaaoxKHji HeMeaJieHHO p acn y- CTHTb Bce a h TH 6o ji bui e BH CT c K h e rp y n n b i h nopynHJi BceM napruHHbiM opra- HH3aU,HHM CTpOJKaHine CJieAHTb 3a HCAOnymOHHeM KaKHX-JIHÔO 4>paKHHOH- Hbix BbicrynjieHHH.
B. H. JleHHH h H. B. CTajiHH npHHfura peniHTejibHbie Mepbi k yxpemie- HHIO UJTaÔa COUHaJIHCTHHeCKOH peBOJHOHHH — UeHTpajlbHOTO KoMHTeTa nap
THH. X C"be3A H3Öpajl HOBblH H K c OÔeCneneHHblM ÔOJIbUIHHCTBOM JieHHHUeB.
B cocTaB H K napTHH ômjih BbiôpaHbi TBëpAbie h HcnbiTanHbie ôojibineBHKH:
JleHHH, Ct3J1HH, MoJIOTOB, BopOUJHJIOB, KaJIHHHH, J],3ep>KHHCKHH, OpA*0HH- KHA3e, OpyH3e, KnpoB, KyftôbiuieB h apyrne.
nocTaHOBjieHHe X çbe3Aa «O eAHHCTBe napTHH» cbirpaao HCKjnoHHTejib- Hyio pojib b AaJibHenmeM ynpenjicHHii phaob napTHH, b nocjieAyiomeñ 6opb- 6e npoTHB TpoHKHCTCKO-ôyxapHHCKHX H3MeHHHKOB h npeaaTeJieiî, BparoB co- BeTCKoro Hapoaa. I Ioa pyitOBOACTBOM JleHHHa h CTajiHH a napTHH óojibuie- BHKOB emë TecHee cnjioTHJia cboh p h a h h noBeJia TpyanmneCH Macew no nyTH cou h a Ji hcthmcckoto CTpoHTejibCTBa.
* *
3Ϋ
OcymecTBjiaa pemeHHe X c-besaa o nepexoae k hoboh 3kohomhhcckoh
noJiHTHKe (n a n y), ôoAbineBHCTCKaH napTHH coBepina.ua stot nepexoA b cjio>k- HblX HCTOpHH6CKHX yCJIOBHHX. 06oCHOB3HHK) H paSTjHCHeHHK) HOBOH 3K0H0MH- neCKOH nOJIHTHKH nOCBHmëH pHA JieHHHCKHX npOH3BeAeHHH, BOineAUIHX B TpH- AuaTb BTOpoH tom: AOKJiaA h 3aKJiK)HHTejibHoe cjiOBO Ha X cne3Ae napwH o 3aMeHe pa3BëpCTKH HaTypajibHWM HajioroM, AOKJiaA o npoAOBOJibCTBeHHOM n ajiore Ha coôpaHHH ceKpeTapeñ h OTBeTCTBeHHbix npeACTaBHTejieñ aneex P K n ( 6 ) MocKBbi h Mockobckoh ryôepHHH, 3naMeHHTaa 6poiinopa «O npoAO- BOJibCTBeHHOM najiore (3HaqeHHe hoboh hojihthkh h ee ycjioBHa)», penn, 3an»caHHbie Ha rpaMO(})OHHbix njiacTHHKax, AOKJiaa h 3aKjnoHHTejibHoe cjiobo
Ha X BcepOCCHHCKOH KOHCjjCpeHIIHH P K n (6 ) O npoAOBOJibCTBeHHOM Hajiore, BnepBbie nyÔAHKyeMbiH b CoHHHeHHHX B. H . JleHHHa «npoeiiT pe30AK)u,HH no BOnpOCaM HOBOS 3KO«OMHHeCXOH HOJIHTHKH».
B. H. JleHHH BcecTopoHHe H3ynaji Bonpoc o c}iopMax h MeTOAax CTpoH- TejibCTBa coHHajiHCTHHecKoro oôuiecTBa b Hamen erpaHe, Boripoc o b33hm o- OTHomeHHHX paôoqero KJiacca h KpecTbHHCTBa, o hoboh skohomhhcckoh ocho- Be coi03a paèoHHx h KpecTbHH. O ó pa m a a BHHMaHne n a p ra n na H3MeHeHne OTHomeHHH Me>KAy KJiaccoM npojiCTapHaTa h KJiaccoM KpecTbHHCTBa b pe- 3yjibTaTc nepexoaa ot bohhbi k m hp y , J le n m i npnabiBaji KOMMyHHCToe n u a - TejlbHO H pH C M 3Tp H'B a T bC H K 3T0My npOIH,eCCy. JleHHH C OrpO'MHblM b h h- ManneM h HHTepecoM H3ynaji HacTpoenne kpecTbnhctba, ôeceAonaji c KpeCTbHHCKHMH XOA0K3MH, HHT3JI nHCbMa KpeCTbHH H T. A. B AexaÔpe 1920 roAa JleHH« ynacTBOBaji b coBeipaHHH öecnapTHHHbix KpecTbHH —
