5. Przemysł spożywczy
5.11. Przemysł spożywczy w Polsce na tle UE
5.11. Przemysł spożywczy w Polsce na tle UE
3ROVNDMHVWV]yVW\PSURGXFHQWHPZ\UREyZSU]HP\VáXVSRĪ\ZF]HJRZ8QLL
(XURSHMVNLHM]XG]LDáHPZ\QRV]ąF\PZURNXE\áRWR:\UDĨQLH
Z\SU]HG]DMąQDV1LHPF\)UDQFMD:áRFK\L+LV]SDQLDDZQLHFRPQLHMV]\P
VWRSQLX :LHOND %U\WDQLD WDE 3URGXNFMD WHJR VHNWRUD Z 3ROVFH Z SU]HOL
F]HQLXQDPLHV]NDĔFDZFHQDFKSRUyZQ\ZDOQ\FKMHVWMXĪRRNRáRZ\ĪV]D
RGĞUHGQLHMZ8(RUD]Z\ĪV]DQLĪZ:LHONLHM%U\WDQLLZH:áRV]HFKLZ1LHP
F]HFKD]EOLĪRQDGR)UDQFML-HGQRF]HĞQLHE\áDRQDZ\UDĨQLHQLĪV]DĞUHGQLRR QLĪZNUDMDFKRUR]ZLQLĊW\PVHNWRU]HĪ\ZQRĞFLRZ\PWDNLFKMDN+RODQGLD'DQLD
F]\%HOJLDLRPQLHMV]DQLĪZ,UODQGLL3ROVNDSRGW\PZ]JOĊGHPZ\UDĨQLH
Z\SU]HG]DZV]\VWNLHNUDMH8(
=QDF]HQLHSU]HP\VáXVSRĪ\ZF]HJRGODSROVNLHMJRVSRGDUNLMHVW]GHF\GR
ZDQLHZLĊNV]HQLĪZNUDMDFK8QLL(XURSHMVNLHMRF]\PĞZLDGF]\PLQUHODFMD
ZDUWRĞFLSURGXNFMLSU]HP\VáXVSRĪ\ZF]HJRGR3.%:URNXZDUWRĞüREUR
WyZVHNWRUDVSRĪ\ZF]HJRZ3ROVFHRGSRZLDGDáDZDUWRĞFLZ\WZRU]RQHJR
3.%LE\áDQDMZ\ĪV]DZĞUyGNUDMyZ8(6LOQąSR]\FMĊZJRVSRGDUFHPLDá
UyZQLHĪSU]HP\VáVSRĪ\ZF]\Z,UODQGLLRUD]%HOJLLZNWyU\FKUHODFMDWDZ\QR
VLáDQLHFRSRQDGSU]\ĞUHGQLHMZ8(±ZW\PZ8(±
DZ8(±WDE
:\GDMQRĞüSUDF\ZSROVNLPSU]HP\ĞOHVSRĪ\ZF]\PZFHQDFKSRUyZQ\
ZDOQ\FK]EOLĪDVLĊGRĞUHGQLHJRSR]LRPXRVLąJDQHJRZ8(RUD]ZWDNLFK
NUDMDFKMDN)UDQFMDF]\:LHOND%U\WDQLDMHVWQLHFRZ\ĪV]DRGĞUHGQLHM1LH
PLHFDZ\UDĨQLHZ\ĪV]DQLĪZNUDMDFK8(RUD]Z*UHFMLF]\3RUWXJDOLL
=QDF]ąFR]PQLHMV]\áVLĊG\VWDQVPLĊG]\Z\GDMQRĞFLąSUDF\ZSROVNLPDXQLMQ\P
8(SU]HP\ĞOHVSRĪ\ZF]\P]ZURNXGRZURNX
3U]HFLĊWQHREURW\ILUP\VSRĪ\ZF]HMZ3ROVFHZFHQDFKSRUyZQ\ZDOQ\FK
VąMXĪZ\UDĨQLHZ\ĪV]HRGĞUHGQLHMXQLMQHMLRGSR]LRPXRVLąJDQHJRZWDNLFK
NUDMDFKMDN)UDQFMDF]\:áRFK\DOHZFLąĪQLĪV]HQLĪZNUDMDFKRQDMZLĊNV]HM
NRQFHQWUDFMLVHNWRUDĪ\ZQRĞFLRZHJRWM,UODQGLL'DQLLL:LHONLHM%U\WDQLL
%UDQĪRZDVWUXNWXUDSURGXNFMLSU]HP\VáXVSRĪ\ZF]HJRZSRV]F]HJyOQ\FK
NUDMDFK8(E\áD]UyĪQLFRZDQD:3ROVFHMHVWRQDEDUG]R]EOLĪRQDGRVWUXNWXU\
ZNUDMDFKQDMZLĊNV]\FKSURGXFHQWyZĪ\ZQRĞFL8(U\V:VWUXNWXU]H
SROVNLHJRSU]HP\VáXVSRĪ\ZF]HJRZURNXQDMZLĊNV]\XG]LDáPLDáDEUDQĪD
PLĊVQDSRGREQLHMDNZ8(QDNWyUąSU]\SDGDZDUWRĞFLSURGXNFMLSU]HP\
VáXVSRĪ\ZF]HJR1DGUXJLHMSR]\FMLE\áDEUDQĪDSR]RVWDá\FKSURGXNWyZVSRĪ\Z
F]\FK FLDVWNDUVND FXNLHUQLF]D ] XG]LDáHP D Z GDOV]HM NROHMQRĞFL POH
F]DUVNDQDSRMyZDONRKRORZ\FKSLHNDUVNDSU]HWZyUVWZD
RZRFyZLZDU]\ZSDV]RZDW\WRQLRZDU\EQDQDSR
MyZEH]DONRKRORZ\FK]ERĪRZRPá\QDUVNDLROHMDUVND
7DEHOD3U]HP\VáVSRĪ\ZF]\Z3ROVFHLZ\EUDQ\FKNUDMDFK8(ZURNXD .UDMH
:DUWRĞüSURGXNFML VSU]HGDQHM SU]HP\VáX VSRĪ\ZF]HJR ZPOGHXUR 8G]LDáNUDMyZ ZSURGXNFML SU]HP\VáX VSRĪ\ZF]HJR 8(ZSURF
3URGXNFMD ZW\VHXUR QDPLHV]NDĔFD :\GDMQRĞüSUDF\ ZW\VHXUR QDSUDFRZQLND ĝUHGQLHREURW\ ILUP\ ZPOQHXUR
5HODFMDZDUWRĞFL SURGXNFML SU]HP\VáX VSRĪ\ZF]HJR GR3.%ZSURF UE-281095,6100,02,1256,53,77,4 Kraje UE-15902,882,42,2284,13,87,1 ZW\P 1LHPF\ )UDQFMD :áRFK\ +LV]SDQLD :LHOND%U\WDQLD +RODQGLD %HOJLD ,UODQGLD $XVWULD 3RUWXJDOLD 'DQLD *UHFMD 6]ZHFMD Kraje UE-13192,817,61,8176,23,39,4 ZW\P Polska92,98,52,4230,26,412,2 5XPXQLD &]HFK\ :ĊJU\ %XáJDULD D ZFHQDFKSRUyZQ\ZDOQ\FKWMFHQ\ELHĪąFHVNRU\JRZDQHSDU\WHWHPVLá\QDE\ZF]HM Źródło: obliczenia własne oraz na podstawie danych Eurostatu.
5\VXQHN6WUXNWXUDZDUWRĞFLSURGXNFMLSU]HP\VáXVSRĪ\ZF]HJRD
QDMZLĊNV]\FKSURGXFHQWyZĪ\ZQRĞFLZ8QLL(XURSHMVNLHMZURNX
ZHGáXJEUDQĪ
DZDUWRĞüZ\UDĪRQDZFHQDFKSRUyZQ\ZDOQ\FKWMFHQ\ELHĪąFHVNRU\JRZDQHSDU\WHWHPVLá\ QDE\ZF]HM
Źródło: opracowanie własne na podstawie danych Eurostatu.
3U]HP\VáVSRĪ\ZF]\Z3ROVFHSR]DQLHOLF]Q\PLEUDQĪDPLMDNSU]HWZyU
VWZRNDZ\LKHUEDW\SU]HP\VáU\EQ\RUD]W\WRQLRZ\RSLHUDVZRMąSURGXNFMĊQD
NUDMRZ\FK VXURZFDFK UROQ\FK : URNX 3ROVND VWDáD VLĊ QDMZLĊNV]\P
Z8QLL(XURSHMVNLHMZHGáXJZROXPHQXSURGXFHQWHPPLĊVDGURELRZHJRDSR
QDGWRMHVW
x WU]HFLPSURGXFHQWHP]EyĪ
x F]ZDUW\PSURGXFHQWHPPLĊVDZLHSU]RZHJR
x F]ZDUW\PSURGXFHQWHPVHUyZ
x SLąW\PSURGXFHQWHPPOHNDNURZLHJR
x SLąW\PSURGXFHQWHPPDVáD
x QDVLyGP\PPLHMVFXZSURGXNFMLPLĊVDZRáRZHJR
0%
10%
20%
30%
40%
50%
60%
70%
80%
90%
100%
Niemcy Francja Wielka
Brytania Włochy Hiszpania Polska UE-28 UE-15 UE-13
mięsna rybna
mleczarska owocowo-warzywna
olejarska zbożowo-młynarska
paszowa piekarska
pozostałych artykułów spożywczych napojów bezalkoholowych
napojów alkoholowych tytoniowa
3ROVND MHVW WDNĪH GXĪ\P SURGXFHQWHP RZRFyZ L ZDU]\Z Z 8QLL (XURSHMVNLHM
:SURGXNFMLMDEáHNLSRU]HF]HNMHVWHĞP\OLGHUHP0DP\GUXJLHPLHMVFHZSUR
GXNFMLWUXVNDZHNLZLĞQL3ROVNDMHVWQDMZLĊNV]\PZ(XURSLHSURGXFHQWHP EX
UDNyZF]HUZRQ\FKRUD]PDUFKZLDGUXJLPRJyUNyZ3RQDGWRMHVWHĞP\QDMZLĊN
V]\PSURGXFHQWHPSLHF]DUHNZ8(LQDMZLĊNV]\PLFKHNVSRUWHUHPQDĞZLHFLH
5.12. Podsumowanie
:DQDOL]RZDQ\PRNUHVLHQDMSLHUZPLDáRPLHMVFHRĪ\ZLHQLHJRVSRGDUF]H
DQDVWĊSQLHZ]JOĊGQDVWDELOL]DFMDF]\QQLNyZPDNURHNRQRPLF]Q\FKSRRJyOQR
ĞZLDWRZ\PNU\]\VLHILQDQVRZRJRVSRGDUF]\P]LURNX:W\PRNUH
VLHSU]HP\VáVSRĪ\ZF]\Z3ROVFHE\áSRGVLOQąSUHVMąPDOHMąFHJRSRS\WXNUD
MRZHJRNWyU\QLHW\ONRRJUDQLF]DáDOHWHĪKDPRZDáZ]URVWSURGXNFMLSU]HP\VáX
VSRĪ\ZF]HJR*áyZQ\PF]\QQLNLHPUR]ZRMXSU]HP\VáXVSRĪ\ZF]HJRE\áZWHG\
HNVSRUWNWyU\UR]ZLMDáVLĊZWHPSLHURF]QLHWMRPOGHXUR]DJR
VSRGDURZXMąFSU]\URVWX SURGXNFML VSU]HGDQHMWHJRVHNWRUD 'UXJLP F]\Q
QLNLHPZ]URVWXSURGXNFMLSU]HP\VáXVSRĪ\ZF]HJRE\áZ]URVWFHQ]E\WXSURGXN
WyZ VSRĪ\ZF]\FK ]ZáDV]F]D Z RNUHVLH Z\VRNLFK FHQ ĞZLDWRZ\FK Ī\ZQRĞFL
DZLĊFZODWDFK'RSLHURZURNXSRS\WZHZQĊWU]Q\VWDáVLĊZDĪ
QLHMV]\P VW\PXODWRUHP Z]URVWX SURGXNFML VSU]HGDQHM SU]HP\VáX VSRĪ\ZF]HJR
:LĊNV]\SRS\WNRQVXPSF\MQ\E\áZ\QLNLHPSRSUDZ\V\WXDFMLHNRQRPLF]QHM
ZLHOX SROVNLFK URG]LQ ]D VSUDZą PLQ U]ąGRZHJR SURJUDPX Ä5RG]LQD ´
Z]URVWXUHDOQ\FKZ\QDJURG]HĔF]\Z\ĪV]HMSáDF\PLQLPDOQHM
:]URVWSURGXNFMLVHNWRUDQDVWĊSRZDáZZDUXQNDFKZ]JOĊGQLHVWDELOQHJR
SR]LRPX]DWUXGQLHQLDRUD]SU]\URVQąF\FKLQZHVW\FMDFKFRVNXWNRZDáRGRĞü
V]\ENLPZ]URVWHPWHFKQLF]QHJRX]EURMHQLDSUDF\LZ\GDMQRĞFLSUDF\:ODWDFK
WHFKQLF]QHX]EURMHQLHSUDF\Z]URVáRSUDZLHRSRáRZĊ]HGR
RNRáR W\V ]áRVREĊ D Z\GDMQRĞü SUDF\ PLHU]RQD ZDUWRĞFLą SURGXNFML
VSU]HGDQHMQD]DWUXGQLRQHJR]ZLĊNV]\áDVLĊZFHQDFKELHĪąF\FKR]GR
W\V]áDZFHQDFKVWDá\FKR
8WU]\PDQ\]RVWDáZ\VRNLVWDQGDUGWHFKQLF]Q\SRWHQFMDáXZ\WZyUF]HJR
VHNWRUD.XUF]ąFDVLĊPDUĪDSU]HWZyUF]DZ\PXV]DáDRV]F]ĊGQHJRVSRGDURZDQLH
]DVREDPLSUDF\Ī\ZHMLXSU]HGPLRWRZLRQHMRUD]LQQ\PLĞURGNDPLSURGXNFML
ĝZLDGF]\RW\PQLHW\ONRZ]URVWZ\GDMQRĞFLSUDF\OHF]WDNĪHXWU]\PDQLHRVLą
JQLĊWHJRZF]HĞQLHMSR]LRPXSURGXNW\ZQRĞFLLHIHNW\ZQRĞFLSURZDG]RQHMG]LD
áDOQRĞFLV]F]HJyOQLHZVNDOLPLNURRUD]GRĞüVWDELOQHM]GROQRĞFLJHQHURZDQLD
]\VNyZLEH]SLHF]QHJRVWDQXILQDQVRZHJRSU]HGVLĊELRUVWZ
-)UąF]DNW jabłkach i porzeczkach jesteśmy liderem w Europie. Przegrywamy w pomido-rachKWWSVDJUREL]QHVPRQH\SOSROVNLHRZRFHXQLDHXUSHMVND]GQLD
3U]HP\Vá VSRĪ\ZF]\ Z 3ROVFH D V]F]HJyOQLH SURGXNFMD QDSRMyZ RUD]
Z\UREyZW\WRQLRZ\FKSUH]HQWXMHVLĊNRU]\VWQLHQDWOHLQQ\FKG]LDáyZSU]HWZyU
VWZDSU]HP\VáRZHJRJG\Ī
x XG]LDáSU]HP\VáXVSRĪ\ZF]HJRSURGXNFMLDUW\NXáyZVSRĪ\ZF]\FKQDSRMyZ
RUD]Z\UREyZW\WRQLRZ\FKPLHU]RQHJRZDUWRĞFLąGRGDQąEUXWWRZWZRU]H
QLX3.%3ROVNLZRVWDWQLFKODWDFKE\áVWDELOQ\LZ\QRVLáRNRáR
x Z\GDMQRĞüSUDF\PLHU]RQDZDUWRĞFLąSURGXNFMLVSU]HGDQHMQD]DWUXGQLRQHJR
Z SU]HP\ĞOH VSRĪ\ZF]\P E\áD SRUyZQ\ZDOQD ] SU]HFLĊWQą Z\GDMQRĞFLą
SUDF\ZSU]HWZyUVWZLHSU]HP\VáRZ\PDOHZSURGXNFMLQDSRMyZLZ\UREyZ
W\WRQLRZ\FKE\áDSUDZLHGZXNURWQLHZ\ĪV]D
x Z\QDJURG]HQLDZSU]HGVLĊELRUVWZDFKSURGXNXMąF\FKDUW\NXá\VSRĪ\ZF]HE\á\
SU]HFLĊWQLHRRNRáRQLĪV]HQLĪĞUHGQLRZSU]HWZyUVWZLHSU]HP\VáRZ\P
DOHZ\ĪV]HQLĪZSU]HP\ĞOHRG]LHĪRZ\PF]\PHEODUVNLP:SURGXNFMLQD
SRMyZ RUD] Z\UREyZ W\WRQLRZ\FK ]DURENL QDOHĪDá\ GRQDMZ\ĪV]\FK L E\á\
RRNRáRLZ\ĪV]HQLĪZSU]HWZyUVWZLHSU]HP\VáRZ\P
x WHFKQLF]QHX]EURMHQLHSUDF\PLHU]RQHZDUWRĞFLąĞURGNyZWUZDá\FKEUXWWRQD
]DWUXGQLRQHJRZSU]HP\ĞOHVSRĪ\ZF]\PE\áRRRNRáRQLĪV]HQLĪSU]H
FLĊWQLHZSU]HWZyUVWZLHSU]HP\VáRZ\PDOHZSURGXNFMLQDSRMyZLZ\UREyZ
W\WRQLRZ\FKE\áRRGSRZLHGQLRGZXLSyáNURWQLHLF]WHURLSyáNURWQLHZ\ĪV]H
: ODWDFK SROVNL SU]HP\Vá VSRĪ\ZF]\ QDGDO XPDFQLDá VZRMą
SR]\FMĊZ8QLL(XURSHMVNLHM3ROVNDMHVWV]yVW\P ZĞUyGNUDMyZ8(SURGX
FHQWHP Z\UREyZ SU]HP\VáX VSRĪ\ZF]HJR ] XG]LDáHP Z\QRV]ąF\P
ĝZLDGF]\WRPLQRNRQNXUHQF\MQRĞFLWHJRVHNWRUDDF]NROZLHNSURVWHSU]HZDJL
NRPSDUDW\ZQHQSQLĪV]DRSáDWDSUDF\QLĪV]HFHQ\VXURZFDSRZROL]DQLNDMą
5RVQąF\HNVSRUWR]QDF]DWHĪZLĊNV]HSRZLą]DQLD]U\QNDPL]DJUDQLF]Q\PL
3URFHV\ GRVWRVRZDZF]H SU]HP\VáRZ\FK SURGXFHQWyZ Ī\ZQRĞFL L QDSR
MyZ GR ]PLHQLDMąF\FK VLĊ L WUXGQ\FK XZDUXQNRZDĔ U\QNRZ\FK L PDNURHNRQR
PLF]Q\FK]MDNLPLPLHOLĞP\GRF]\QLHQLDUyZQLHĪZRVWDWQLFKODWDFKSROHJDá\
JáyZQLHQD
UR]ZLMDQLXHNVSRUWXV]F]HJyOQLHZG]LDáDFK]RULHQWRZDQ\FKQDRGELRUFyZ
]DJUDQLF]Q\FK D Z RVWDWQLP F]DVLH WDNĪH QD G\ZHUV\ILNDFML U\QNyZ ]E\WX
PLQSRZSURZDG]HQLXSU]H]5RVMĊHPEDUJDQDLPSRUWĪ\ZQRĞFL]NUDMyZ
8QLL(XURSHMVNLHMZVLHUSQLXURNX
7U]HEDSDPLĊWDüĪHSURGXNFMDDUW\NXáyZVSRĪ\ZF]\FKSURZDG]RQDMHVWZZLHOXEUDQĪDFK
SU]HP\VáX VSRĪ\ZF]HJR NWyUH EDUG]R UyĪQLą VLĊ PLĊG]\ VREą QS NRQFHQWUDFMą SURGXNFML
VWRSQLHPSU]HWZRU]HQLDSURGXNWXZ\GDMQRĞFLąSUDF\]DURENDPLLWS
VNXWHF]Q\PNRQNXURZDQLXSU]HWZyUVWZDSU]HP\VáRZHJR]ORNDOQ\PJáyZ
QLH DVRUW\PHQWHP L MDNRĞFLą WDNLFK Z\UREyZ MDN PLĊVR L SU]HWZRU\ SLH
F]\ZRZ\URE\FXNLHUQLF]HQDSRMHĪ\ZQRĞüZ\JRGQDLIXQNFMRQDOQD
RV]F]ĊGQ\PJRVSRGDURZDQLXZV]\VWNLPLJáyZQ\PLĞURGNDPLSURGXNFMLSUDFą
HQHUJLąXVáXJDPLVXURZFDPLLWS
1DVLOHQLHWDNLFKG]LDáDĔGRVWRVRZDZF]\FKE\áRUyĪQHZSRV]F]HJyOQ\FK
EUDQĪDFKDOHPLDá\RQHFKDUDNWHUSRZV]HFKQ\DLQVSLURZDQHE\á\JáyZQLHSU]H]
OLGHUyZLILUP\JOREDOQHRUD]SU]H]VLHFLKDQGORZH