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und hehailen uns unsere eigene Stel lu n g n a h m e vor. Die Schriflleitun g.
V o r e in ig e n J a h r z e h n te n w a r e n d ie V o rs te llu n g e n , die .sieh m it d e n B e z e ic h n u n g e n „ T e c h n ik “ u n d „ T e c h n ik e r “ v e r b a n d e n , a n d e r e a ls h e u te . I n d e n B e r u f s k r e is e n d e r I n g e n ie u r e , A r c h ite k te n u n d ä h n lic h e r P e r s o n e n h a t sic h h in s ic h tlic h d e r D e fin itio n d e s W o r te s T e c h n ik w e n ig g e ä n d e r t. W i r f a s s e n im w e s e n tlic h e n d e n B e g riff T e c h n ik so a u f, d a ß s ie T ä tig k e ite n u m fa ß t, d ie L e h r g e g e n s ta n d d e r v e r s c h ie d e n e n F a k u ltä te n d e r T e c h n is c h e n H o c h s c h u le n s in d u n d a u f d e r G r u n d la g e n a tu r w is s e n s c h a f tlic h - te c h n is c h e r E r k e n n tn is s e a u s g e ü b t w e rd e n .
A n d e r s i s t e s je d o c h m it d e r A n w e n d u n g d e r B e z e ic h n u n g e n te c h n is c h , T e c h n ik u n d T e c h n ik e r in d e r A l l g e m e i n h e i t , in d e n T a g e s z e itu n g e n u n d b e s o n d e rs in d e r S p o r tp r e s s e . A b g e s e h e n d a v o n , d a ß im m e r m e h r d a s W o r t te c h n is c h im G e g e n s a tz zu p o litis c h o d e r w is s e n s c h a f t
lic h o d e r k ü n s tle r is c h o d e r m e d iz in is c h o d e r ju r is ti s c h g e b r a u c h t w ir d , u m d a s r e in R e c h n u n g s m ä ß ig e , H a n d w e r k s m ä ß ig e , M e c h a n is c h e , k u rz , d a s S e lb s tv e r s tä n d lic h e o d e r N e b e n s ä c h lic h e e in e r T ä t i g k e i t a u s z u d rü c k e n , w e r d e n die B e z e ic h n u n g e n te c h n is c h u n d T ech n ik h e u te in d e r Z e it d e r tä g lic h e n S p o r tb e r ic h te aucli a u f S p o r tb e tä tig u n g e n a n g e w a n d t, d ie m it d e r f r ü h e r e n D e fin itio n von T e c h n ik n ic h ts z u tu n h a b e n u n d e ig e n tlic h b e s s e r d u rc h d ie W o r te G e s c h ic k lic h k e it, V i r tu o s itä t u n d R o u tin e e r s e t z t w ü r d e n . W ie h ä u f ig k a n n m a n z. B. in d e n S p o r tn a c h r ic h te n le sen , d a ß d ie T e c h n ik d ie s e r o d e r je n e r .G r u p p e bei e in e m F u ß b a ll
s p ie l n ic h t g e n ü g e n d d u r c h g e b ild e t o d e r d ie T e c h n ik d ie s e s o d e r je n e s B o x e rs m a n g e lh a f t se i! A u c h d ie 'T ec h n ik d e s T ä n z e r s , S ä n g e rs , K la v ie r s p ie le r s , s p ie lt in d e n Z e itu n g s b e r ic h te n e in e im m e r g r ö ß e r e R o lle .
D ie I n g e n ie u re u n d A r c h ite k te n k ö n n e n vo n d ie s e r V e r a llg e m e in e r u n g d e r B e g riffe T e c h n ik u n d te c h n is c h n ic h t b e g e i s t e r t se in ; d e n n w a s f r ü h e r e in e v e r h ä ltn is m ä ß ig a n g e s e h e n e B e ru fs b e z e ic h n u n g w a r, i s t d u rc h d ie s e V e r a llg e m e in e r u n g s t a r k e n tw e r t e t w o rd e n .
D e r d u rc h s e in B uch „ D e r U n te r g a n g d e s A b e n d la n d e s “ a llg e m e in b e k a n n t g e w o r d e n e O s w a ld S p e n g l e r h a t n u n d u r c h s e in B uch „ D e r M e n sc h u n d d ie T e c h n ik . B e itr a g z u e in e r P h ilo s o p h ie d e s L e b e n s “ h o c h in te r e s s a n te B e tr a c h
tu n g e n d e r A llg e m e in h e it z u g ä n g lic h g e m a c h t.
W ie s c h o n in m e h r e r e n A b h a n d lu n g e n 1 d a r g e le g t, e n t h ä l t die S c h r if t vo n S p e n g le r v ie le s e h r g e is tr e ic h e A u s fü h ru n g e n , u n d e s is t (a u c h w e n n m a n n ic h t a lle n A u s 1 S te in m e tz , K. F. u n d W e ih e , C a r l: D e r M e n sc h u n d die T e c h n ik . — T e c h n ik u n d K u l t u r 22 (1931) 137— 139; P a- s in s k i, W il h e lm v .: D e r M e n s c h u n d d ie T e c h n ik . — T e c h n ik u n d K u l t u r 22 (1931) 157— 158; K lin c k o w s tro e m , G r a f C a r l v.: D e r M e n s c h u n d d ie T e c h n ik . — T e c h n ik u n d K u l
t u r 23 (1932) 17— 18.
f ü h r u n g e n u nd b e s o n d e rs n ic h t d e r S c h lu ß f o lg e r u n g z u stim m e n k a n n ) vo n g ro ß e m R eiz, d ie D e n k u n g s w e is e S p e n g l e r s a u c h a u f d ie s e m G e b ie te k e n n e n zu le rn e n . E r e r w e i t e r t d e n B e g r if f T e c h n ik n o ch w e it ü b e r d a s V o r h e r g e s a g te , w e n n e r a u c h d e m T ie r e in e g e w is s e T ec h n ik z u s p r ic h t u n d z. B. d ie M e th o d e , w ie e in L ö w e e in e G a z e lle ü b e r lis te t, d e s s e n T e c h n ik n e n n t; b e s o n d e rs a b e r d a d u r c h , d a ß e r „ d ie T e c h n ik a ls d ie T a k t i k d e s g a n z e n L e b e n s “ b e z e ic h n e t. D em G e d a n k e n g a n g e S p e n g l e r s fo lg e n d , m u ß m a n a n e rk e n n e n , d a ß je d e A r t von L e b e w e se n , T ie r e w ie P fla n z e n , e in e b e s tim m te A r t h a b e n , w ie s ie e n t
s p r e c h e n d ih r e n F o rm e n u n d F ä h ig k e ite n d e n K a m p f u m s D a s e in d u r c h fü h re n . D ie s e A r t i s t d ie T a k t i k ih r e s L eb e n s.
D ie se n e n n t S p e n g l e r d ie T e c h n ik d e r b e tr e f f e n d e n G a ttu n g . W ä h r e n d e r b e i d e n T ie r e n n u r von e in e r G a t tu n g s te c h n ik s p r ic h t, i s t T e c h n ik d ie s e r A r t b e i d e n M e n sc h e n v o r w ie g e n d in d iv id u e ll, w e n n m a n a u c h o h n e w e i
te r e s e r k e n n t, d a ß d ie v e r s c h ie d e n e n V ö lk e r u n d R a s s e n v e r s c h ie d e n e T a k t i k e n d e s L e b e n s b e s itz e n . D a je d e r M e n sc h , je n ach s e in e r V e r a n la g u n g , e in e a n d e r e T a k t i k im K a m p le u m s D a s e in a n w e n d e n w ir d u nd d ie T a k t i k s e in e s g a n z e n L e b e n s s e in e T e c h n ik s e in so ll, so i s t e b e n je d e r s e lb s tä n d ig h a n d e ln d e M e n sc h T e c h n ik e r . D a m i t h ö r t e s a b e r a u f , d a ß d a s W o r t T e c h n i k d i e B e r u f s t ä t i g k e i t b e s t i m m t e r M e n s c h e n b e z e i c h n e n k a n n .
M it d e r E r w e ite r u n g d e s te c h n is c h e n W is s e n s u n d K ö n n e n s i s t e s s e lb s tv e r s tä n d lic h , d a ß im m e r n e u e A r te n von T e c h n ik e r n im e ig e n tlic h e n S in n e d e s W o r te s e n ts ta n d e n sin d . D ie s e A u s d e h n u n g d e r T e c h n ik d e c k t sic h a b e r n ich t m it d e n a n f a n g s a u s g e f ü h r te n B e is p ie le n , b ei d e n e n e s sic h n ic h t um d ie A u s d e h n u n g d e r e ig e n tlic h e n te c h n is c h e n T ä t i g k e i t h a n d e lt, s o n d e r n v ie lm e h r um g a n z a n d e r s g e a r t e t e F ä h ig k e ite n un d T ä tig k e ite n , f ü r d ie f r ü h e r d e r B e g r if f T e c h n ik n ic h t a n g e w a n d t w u r d e ; in d ie s e n F ä lle n h a n d e lt e s sic h a ls o n ic h t um e in e E r w e ite r u n g d e r T e c h n ik , s o n d e r n n u r d e s A n w e n d u n g s g e b ie te s d e s W o r te s T e c h n ik . Ä h n lic h lie g t e s bei d en B e g riffe n K u n s t un d W is s e n s c h a f t. A u c h d ie s e A u s d r ü c k e w e r d e n im m e r m e h r a u f T ä tig k e its g e b ie te a n g e w a n d t, d ie m an f r ü h e r w e d e r zu d e n K ü n s te n , n o ch z u d e n W is s e n s c h a f te n g e r e c h n e t h a t.
E in g e w is s e s K ö n n e n g a lt noch n ic h t a ls K u n s t u n d e in e S u m m e von W is s e n n ic h t a ls W is s e n s c h a f t.
E s w ir d e r fo lg lo s se in , g e g e n d ie s ta ttg e f u n d e n e V e r b r e i
te r u n g u n d V e r a llg e m e in e r u n g d e s W o r te s T e c h n ik a u f k lä r e n d a n z u k ä m p fe n . D ie A llg e m e in h e it u n d d ie P r e s s e w e r d e n vo n d e n A n s ic h te n d e r I n g e n ie u r e u n d a n d e r e n in B e tr a c h t k o m m e n d e n K r e is e n k e in e K e n n tn is n e h m e n u n d no ch w e n ig e r ih re n W ü n s c h e n R e c h n u n g tr a g e n , s o n d e r n w a h r s c h e in lic h in d e r h e u tig e n A n w e n d u n g d e s W o r t e s 21
22 E. W . K ö s t e r : Ingenik — K. F. S t e i n m e t z : Hochschulreform Technik u. K u ltu r
T e c h n ik f o r tf a h r e n . J a , m a n w i r d v ie lle ic h t d a s W o r t T e c h n ik im m e r m e h r im S p e n g l e r s e h e n S in n e g e b r a u c h e n . F ü r u n s I n g e n i e u r e i s t d ie T ä t i g k e i t, d ie w i r a ls u n s e r e n B e r u f u n d u n s e r e L e b e n s a u f g a b e a u s ü b e n , e tw a s w e s e n tlic h a n d e r e s ; u n d d a r a u s e r g ib t s ic h d ie N o tw e n d ig k e it, u n s e r e B e r u f s t ä t i g k e i t k l a r e r z u b e z e i c h n e n , a ls e s m it d e m W o r t e T e c h n ik n a c h s e in e m h e u tig e n G e b r a u c h g e s c h e h e n k a n n .
H e r r S ip l-= 3 n9- W ilh e lm v. P a s i n s k i2 w e n d e t f ü r d ie s e T ä t i g k e i t d a s W o r t I n g e n i k an. E s s c h e in t m ir a u ß e r o r d e n tlic h g lü c k lic h g e w ä h lt, w e il e s in k l a r e r W e i s e d ie T ä t i g k e i t d e r I n g e n ie u r e k e n n z e ic h n e t. D ie T ä t i g k e i t d e s I n g e n ie u r s i s t e b e n d ie I n g e n ik , n ic h t d ie T e c h n ik s c h le c h t
w e g u n d e r s t r e c h t n ic h t in d e r e r w e i t e r t e n B e d e u tu n g , a u f d ie v o r h e r h in g e w ie s e n w o r d e n is t.
E s s c h e in t s c h w ie rig , f ü r d ie T ä t i g k e i t d e s I n g e n ie u r s e in e d e u ts c h e B e z e ic h n u n g z u n e n n e n , d ie z u tr e f f e n d u n d
2 V o n d e r T e c h n ik z u r K u ltu r . — T e c h n ik u n d K u ltu r 20 (1929) 99— 102, 180— 182; D ie p h ilo s o p h is c h e n G r u n d la g e n e in e s b ib lio g r a p h is c h e n S y s te m s d e r T e c h n ik . — T e c h n ik u n d K u l t u r 22 (1931) 152 a — b.
5)ipi . =3ng. K. F. S T E I N M E T Z in Berlin:
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D ie E r ö r te r u n g ü b e r e in e R e fo rm d e r T e c h n i s c h e n H o c h s c h u l e n i s t im J a h r e 1931 m e h r u n d m e h r in d e n H in t e r g r u n d g e tr e te n . D ie k a ta s t r o p h a l e E n tw ic k lu n g d e r d e u ts c h e n W i r t s c h a f t u n d d e r W i r t s c h a f t in f a s t a lle n z iv i
lis i e r t e n L ä n d e r n h a t v ie le a n d e r e n P r o b le m e n a tu r g e m ä ß in d e n S c h a tte n g e d r ä n g t. F ü r d ie T r ä g e r a k a d e m is c h e r B e ru fe s t a n d im V o r d e r g r u n d d ie B e s o r g n is um ih r e s o z ia le L ag e , d ie e in e n w e i te r e n A b s tie g h in n e h m e n m u ß te . D ie s e r A b s tie g u n d m it ih m d ie f o r t s c h r e i te n d e N iv e llie r u n g s in d a b e r e in e G e f a h r f ü r d ie k u l tu r e l le E n tw ic k lu n g u n s e r e r N a tio n ; e in e G e f a h r , d ie in ih re m A u s m a ß w o h l a llg e m e in n o c h n ic h t e r k a n n t w ir d . N e b e n a n d e r e n e n ts c h e id e n d e n F a k t o r e n t r ä g t a b e r a u c h d ie v e r s c h le p p te R e fo rm d e r d e u t
s c h e n H o c h s c h u le n (n ic h t b lo ß d e r T e c h n is c h e n H o c h s c h u le n ) e in e r h e b lic h e s ¡Maß d e r S c h u ld .
E s i s t v e r s tä n d lic h , d a ß d ie F r a g e d e r „Ü b e r f ü 11 u n g d e r H o c h s c h u l e n “ b e i aU en i n te r e s s i e r t e n K r e is e n im V o r d e r g r u n d d e r D is k u s s io n s t a n d u n d s te h t, u n d d a ß a ll e r o r t s a u f M itte l u n d W e g e g e s o n n e n w ir d , w ie m a n d ie s e m u n e r w ü n s c h te n Z u s ta n d a b h e lf e n k ö n n te . D ie D in g e s in d a b e r s e h r v e r w ic k e lt, u n d s ic h e r i s t e s n ic h t d a m it g e ta n , d a ß m a n le d ig lic h d ie n a c h d r ä n g e n d e J u g e n d vom S tu d iu m d u r c h W a r n u n g e n u n d d e r g le ic h e n a b h a lte n w ill2. V e r s tä n d lic h i s t e s z w a r , d a ß B e r u f s v e r b ä n d e m it S o rg e d e r w e i te r e n s o z ia le n E n tw ic k lu n g i h r e s B e r u f s s ta n d e s e n t g e g e n s e h e n . A b e r — w ie ü b e r a ll — so w i r d a u c h h ie r n ic h ts z u ä n d e r n , z u b e s s e r n se in , w e n n n ic h t a n d ie W u r z e ln d e s Ü b e ls h e r a n g e g a n g e n w ir d . I n a l l e r e r s t e r L in ie h a n d e l t e s s ic h d a b e i n a tü r lic h u m d e n e in g e e n g te n L e b e n s u n d A r b e i ts r a u m d e s d e u ts c h e n V o lk e s . D a n e b e n in g le ic h e r R a n g o r d n u n g u m d ie g e is tig e E in s te llu n g , d ie in u n s e re m V o lk e e in e r e c h t w e itg e h e n d e V e r ä n d e r u n g e r f a h r e n h a t.
D a v o n s in d d ie H o c h s c h u le n n ic h t u n b e r ü h r t g e b lie b e n ; d e r Z u s tr o m u n g e e ig n e te r u n d w e n ig g e e ig n e te r J u g e n d z u d e n a k a d e m is c h e n B e ru fe n in fo lg e e in e r b e w u ß te n B ild u n g s in f la tio n , d ie e in e F u n k tio n p o litis c h e r E in s te llu n g b r e ite r K r e is e is t, h a t d a s g e is tig e B ild u n s e r e r H o c h s c h u le n v e r ä n d e r t. E s i s t n ic h t e in Z u f a ll, d a ß m it d e r K la g e ü b e r d ie ü b e r s t a r k e F re q u e n z d e r H o c h s c h u le n g le ic h z e itig d ie a ll g e m e in e K la g e l a u t w u r d e , d a ß d a s d u r c h s c h n ittlic h e
e in d e u tig w ä r e . D a s h a b e n w i r w ä h r e n d d e s K r ie g e s g e se h e n , a ls m a n b e s t r e b t w a r , s e h r v ie le f r e m d s p r a c h lic h ® A u s d r ü c k e d u r c h d e u ts c h e z u e r s e tz e n . F ü r d a s W o r t I n g e n ie u r f a n d s ic h k e in e p a s s e n d e Ü b e rs e tz u n g . M a n i s t d a n n s tills c h w e ig e n d b e i d i e s e r B e n e n n u n g g e b lie b e n , u n d e s w i r d a u c h w o h l w e i t e r d a b e i b le ib e n . U m s o e r w ü n s c h te r i s t e s, d a ß d ie B e z e ic h n u n g d e r T ä t i g k e i t d e s I n g e n ie u r s m it s e i n e r B e r u f s b e z e ic h n u n g ü b e r e in s tim m t u n d V e r w e c h s e l u n g e n v e r m ie d e n w e r d e n .
D ie I n g e n ie u r tä t ig k e i t h a t m it m in d e r w e r tig e n T ä t i g k e ite n n ic h ts z u tu n . S ie b e g in n t m it d e m E n tw u r f , d e r B e r e c h n u n g u n d k o n s tr u k tiv e n D u r c h a r b e i tu n g d e s B a u w e r k s o d e r d e r M a s c h in e u n d l e i t e t d ie A u s f ü h r u n g s a r b e i t ; s ie e n d ig t d a , w o d a s r e in M a n u e lle a n f ä n g t u n d ü b e r l ä ß t d ie s d e m H a n d w e r k .
E s e m p f ie h lt s ic h s e h r , d ie T ä t i g k e i t d e s I n g e n ie u r s n i c h t a ls T e c h n ik , s o n d e r n a ls I n g e n ik z u b e z e ic h n e n . D a n n k ö n n e n w i r d a s W o r t T e c h n ik d e r A llg e m e in h e it u n d d e r P re s s e - f ü r d ie je n ig e n T ä t i g k e i te n ü b e r la s s e n , d ie m it d e r A r b e i t d e s I n g e n ie u r s n ic h ts z u t u n h a b e n . K e in e s f a lls a b e r i s t e s r i c h tig , a u f h ö c h s te g e is tig e L e is tu n g e n vo n h o h e m K u l t u r w e r t u n d a u f r e in k ö r p e r lic h e G e s c h ic k lic h k e ite n d ie s e lb e B e
z e ic h n u n g a n z u w e n d e n .
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g e is tig e N iv e a u d e r S tu d e n te n s c h a f t g e g e n f r ü h e r s ic h u n g ü n s tig v e r s c h o b e n h a t.
D ie „ Ü b e r f ü llu n g s f r a g e “ f ä l l t n a tü r lic h a m s t ä r k s t e n d e m B e tr a c h t e r a u f u n d s t e h t d e s h a lb im V o r d e r g r u n d . A b e r- d ie s e F r a g e i s t n ic h t d a s P r o b le m d e r H o c h s c h u lre f o r m , d a r ü b e r d a r f m a n s ic h n ic h t tä u s c h e n . E s m u ß d a r a n f e s t g e h a lte n w e r d e n , u n d d a s s e i h ie r m it a lle m N a c h d r u c k b e to n t, d a ß d a s P r o b le m d e r H o c h s c h u lre f o r m n ic h t g e l ö s t is t, w e n n d ie „ Ü b e r f ü llu n g s f r a g e “ n ic h t m e h r a k t u e l l w ä r e - D a s t r i f f t f ü r a lle H o c h s c h u le n z u , in e r s t e r L in ie a b e r füi~
d ie T e c h n is c h e n H o c h s c h u le n . X I
P r a k t i s c h e S c h r i t t e in d e r U m g e s ta ltu n g d er- T e c h n i s c h e n H o c h s c h u l e n s in d b i s h e r in e in e m e n ts c h e id e n d e n A u s m a ß n ic h t zu se h e n . Ä n d e r u n g e n in d e n P r ü f u n g s o r d n u n g e n , g r ö ß e r e F r e i h e i t in d e r W a h l d e r S tu d ie n f ä c h e r u n d d e r g le ic h e n m e h r s in d z w a r d a u n d d o r t e in g e f ü h r t w o r d e n . S o lc h e M a ß n a h m e n k ö n n e n d u r c h a u s im R a h m e n d e r h e u tig e n A u s b ild u n g z w e c k h a f t b is z u e in e m g e w is s e n G r a d e w i r k e n u n d s i n d d e s h a lb a u c h z u b e g r ü ß e n . A b e r s ie k ö n n e n n ic h t a ls „ R e f o r m “ g e w e r t e t w e r d e n , h ö c h s te n s a ls e r s t e E ta p p e a u f d e m W e g e z u r R e fo rm .
I n g r ö ß e r e m A u s m a ß e h a t b e k a n n tlic h d ie T e c h n i s c h e H o c h s c h u l e K a r l s r u h e N e u e r u n g e n e in g e f ü h r t 3. D a s U r te il ü b e r d ie Z w e c k h a f ti g k e it d i e s e r
„ S tu d ie n r e f o r m “ s c h w a n k t s e h r s t a r k . J e d e n f a l l s s t e h t n ic h t f e s t, ob d e r w ir k lic h e R e f o r m w e r t t a t s ä c h l i c h p r o p o r t io n a l d e r P r o p a g a n d a is t, d ie f ü r d ie K a r l s r u h e r
„ S tu d ie n r e f o r m “ b e tr ie b e n w u r d e . F e s t s t e h t a b e r , d a ß d i e in K a r l s r u h e e in g e f ü h r te n Ä n d e r u n g e n n ic h t d a s Z ie l e r r e ic h e n , w e lc h e s v o n P r o f e s s o r S t o c k ( K a r ls r u h e ) s e i n e r z e it a u f g e z e ig t w u r d e 4; s i c h e r is t, d a ß K a r l s r u h e n o c h e n t f e r n t i s t v o n d e m „ H in s tr e b e n z u r U n iv e rs ita s , z u r u n i v e r s e lle n B e h e r r s c h u n g d e r a llg e m e in e n p h y s ik a lis c h - c h e m is c h m a th e m a tis c h e n G r u n d la g e n d e r T e c h n ik “ u n d d e r s p e z ia - l is ti s c h e n F a c h b ild u n g i n n u r g e r in g e m A u s m a ß a b g e s c h w o r e n h a t.
A n a n d e r e n T e c h n i s c h e n H o c h s c h u l e n h a t m a n z w a r d ie R e f o r m m ö g lic h k e ite n e if r i g e r u n d e r n s t h a f t e r a ls f r ü h e r e r ö r t e r t , a b e r a u c h h i e r s c h e in e n d ie p o l it i s c h e n 1 T e c h n ik u n d K u l t u r 21 (1930) 93— 96, 140— 143
2 T e c h n ik u n d K u l t u r 23 (1932) 11— 13
3 T e c h n ik u n d K u l t u r 21 (1930) 173— 178 4 T e c h n ik u n d K u l t u r 21 (1930) 95
‘23 (1932) Nr. 2 K. F. S t e i n m e t z : Hochschulreform 23
u n d w ir t s c h a f t li c h e n V e r h ä ltn is s e u n g ü n s tig g e w i r k t u n d d ie E n e rg ie n a b g e b r e m s t z u h a b e n . D ie „ N o tv e r o r d n u n g e n “ h a b e n j a a u c h d a s B ild u n g s w e s e n n ic h t v e r s c h o n t u n d bei d en H o c h s c h u le n n e u e N ö te v e r o rd n e t. A u ch d ie s e r U m s ta n d w i r k t s ic h s ic h e r n ic h t f ö r d e r lic h a u s, z u d e m a u ch d em L e h r k ö r p e r d ie m a te r ie lle D e c k e v e r k ü r z t w u r d e u n d d ie M itte l f ü r w is s e n s c h a f tlic h e u n d f o r s c h e n d e T ä t i g k e i t im m e r g e r in g e r f lie ß e n . D a m it w i r d f ü r u n s e r H o c h s c h u l
w e s e n e in e n e u e G e f a h r h e r a u f b e s c h w o r e n , d e r e n A u s w i r k u n g n ic h t u n t e r s c h ä tz t w e r d e n d a r f 5.
D e r D e u t s c h e A u s s c h u ß f ü r T e c h n i s c h e s S c h u l w e s e n (D a ts c h ) h a t n a c h s e in e r 1931 e r fo lg te n N e u o rd n u n g u n te r a n d e re m a u c h e in e n H o c h s c h u la u s s c h u ß e in g e s e tz t. E s w a r d a s Z ie l d e r N e u o rd n u n g d ie s e r z w is c h e n v e r b a n d lic h e n K ö r p e r s c h a f t, e in e s t ä r k e r e A k tiv i
t ä t zu g e w ä h r le is te n . I n s b e s o n d e r e s o llte n d ie H a u p ta r b e its - g e b ie le d e s D a ts c h in H a u p ta u s s c h ü s s e n b e a r b e ite t w e rd e n , zu d e n e n a u ch d e r H o c h s c h u la u s s c h u ß g e h ö rt. D ie A b s ic h t b e s ta n d , d a ß d ie s e A u s s c h ü s s e , u m p r a k tis c h e A r b e it zu le is te n , in b e s tim m te n Z e ita b s tä n d e n ta g e n s o llte n u n d n ic h t fa llw e is e e in b e r u f e n w e r d e n . I n s b e s o n d e r e i s t a u f d ie s e N o tw e n d ig k e it . a u c h v o m V e r f a s s e r h in g e w ie s e n w o rd e n . D e r H o c h s c h u la u s s c h u ß h a t a u c h b a ld n a c h s e in e r E in s e tz u n g g e ta g t, b e i d i e s e r e in m a lig e n A u s s p r a c h e s e in e r M itg lie d e r , d ie E n d e A p r il 1931 s t a tt f a n d , h a t e s a b e r b is h e r s e in B e w e n d e n g e h a b t. A u c h h ie r d ü r f te d ie w ir ts c h a f tlic h e E n tw ic k lu n g h e m m e n d g e w ir k t h a b e n , o b s c h o n n ic h t e in z u s e h e n is t, d a ß g e r a d e a u s d ie s e m G ru n d e d ie n o tw e n d ig e W e i t e r a r b e i t in s o lc h e m M a ß e g e b r e m s t w e r d e n m ü ß te . A n s c h e in e n d g la u b t m a n a u c h im D a ts c h in d e r „ ü b e r f ü l- lu n g “ d e r T e c h n is c h e n H o c h s c h u le n d a s H a u p tp r o b le m s e h e n zu m ü s s e n u n d k a n n s ic h ü b e r d ie W e g e z u r B e s e iti
g u n g d ie s e s Z u s ta n d e s n ic h t k l a r w e rd e n .
M it e in e r g e w is s e n R e s ig n a tio n i s t f e s tz u s te lle n , d a ß a u ch h i e r d ie A r b e it s to c k t u n d e n ts c h e id e n d e p r a k tis c h e E r g e b n is s e w e d e r b is h e r e r r e i c h t w e r d e n k o n n te n no ch in n a h e r Z u k u n f t zu e r w a r t e n s in d , w e n n n ic h t d ie L ä h m u n g d u rc h u n s e r e W i r t s c h a f t s n o t ü b e r w u n d e n w ird .
X II
U n te r d e n g e s c h ild e r te n U m s tä n d e n i s t e s d o p p e lt e r f r e u lic h , d a ß d ie G e m e i n s c h a f t d e r t e c h n i s c h e n V e r e i n e i n E s s e n in itia tiv s ic h d e r H o c h s c h u lre f o r m f r a g e t r o tz d e r N o t d e r Z e it, d ie im I n d u s tr ie r e v ie r a n d e r R u h r s ic h e r n ic h t w e n ig e r s c h w e r e m p fu n d e n w ir d a ls a n d e r s w o , d u rc h e in e A u s s p r a c h e a n g e n o m m e n h a t.
D ie se A u s s p r a c h e (a m 30. N o v e m b e r 1931), im A n s c h lu ß a n B e ric h te vo n H e r r n P r o f e s s o r C. M a t s c h o ß (B e rlin ) u n d G e n e r a ld ir e k to r L a n g e n (D e u tz), z e ig te d a s le b h a f te I n te r e s s e a n d e m P ro b le m , d a s in R h e in la n d - W e s tf a le n bei fü h re n d e n u n d le ite n d e n I n g e n ie u r e n w a c h is t. D a ß vo n e in e r s o lc h e n A u s s p r a c h e u n m itte lb a r p r a k tis c h e E r g e b n is s e n ic h t zu e r w a r te n w a r e n , w a r vo n v o r n h e re in k la r . A b e r d a r u m h a n d e lte e s sic h a u c h n ich t. S o n d e r n : d e r Z w e c k d e r A u s s p r a c h e , d e r a u c h v oll e r r e i c h t w u r d e , w a r die W a c h h a ltu n g d e s I n t e r e s s e s a n d ie s e r w ic h tig e n Z u k u n f ts - a u fg a b e , vo n d e re n r ic h tig e n o d e r f a ls c h e n L ö s u n g d ie Z u k u n f t u n s e r e s g r ö ß te n I n d u s t r i e g e b ie t e s zu e in e m n ic h t g e rin g e n T e ile a b h ä n g t. D e r Z w e c k w a r , d a s T h e m a zu f ö r d e r n u n d f ü r d ie L ö s u n g A n r e g u n g e n u n d B e itr ä g e z u lie fe rn .
U n s e re a lte F o r d e r u n g : d ie A b k e h r v o n d e r z u w e it g e trie b e n e n s p e z ia lis tis c h e n A u s b ild u n g u n d e in e v e r tie f te A u s b ild u n g in d e n m a th e m a tis c h e n , n a tu r w is s e n s c h a f t lic h e n G ru n d la g e n , w u r d e in d ie s e r A u s s p r a c h e s t a r k b e to n t. V o n b e s o n d e re m I n t e r e s s e w a r e n d ie v o n H e r r n P r o f e s s o r £ r.= 3 n g . G. S i e m e n s (E s s e n u. M ü n s te r i. W .) v o r g e le g te n „ L e i t s a t z e “ , d ie in e r h e b lic h e m A u s m a ß E le m en te e n th a lte n , d ie h i e r f r ü h e r e in g e h e n d e r ö r t e r t u n d ver- 6 D a r a u f h a t s c h o n f r ü h e r G e h e im r a t D u i s b e r g w a r n e n d h in g e w ie s e n . V g l. T e c h n ik u n d K u l t u r 22 (1931) 172b b is 173a; 23 (1932) 31a
fo c h te n w u r d e n . A n d ie s e n „ L e its ä tz e n “ k a n n n ic h t v o r ü b e r g e g a n g e n , s ie m ü s s e n z u r G r u n d la g e w e i te r e r E r ö r te r u n g e n g e m a c h t w e r d e n . S ie s in d d e s h a lb a n a n d e r e r S te lle 6 z u r a llg e m e in e n K e n n tn is g e b r a c h t, u n d es m u ß e r w a r t e t w e r d en , d a ß s ie e r n s t h a f t v o n a lle n S te lle n , d ie a n d e r H o eh - s c h u lf r a g e i n te r e s s i e r t s e in m ü s s e n u n d s in d , b e a c h te t u n d e r ö r t e r t w e rd e n .
X I I I
E in w e i te r e s e r fr e u lic h e s M o m e n t i s t d a r in zu e r b lic k e n , d a ß in v o lle r Ö f f e n t l i c h k e i t d ie H o c h s c h u lfr a g e n d u rc h d ie T a g e s p r e s s e w e i te r b e h a n d e lt w e rd e n . F r e i
lic h w i r d h ie r im w e s e n tlic h e n a u f d ie U n i v e r s i t ä t e n e x e m p lif iz ie r t. A b e r e s d a r f n ic h t a u ß e r a c h t g e la s s e n w e r d e n , d a ß d ie F r a g e d e r T e c h n is c h e n H o c h s c h u le n v o n d e r d e r U n iv e r s itä te n n ic h t g e tr e n n t w e r d e n d a r f. Ü b e r d em S o n d e r p r o b le m d e r T e c h n is c h e n H o c h s c h u le n s te h t d a s d e r d e u ts c h e n H o c h s c h u le n ; v o n s e in e r L ö su n g is t d a s S c h ic k s a l a u c h d e r T e c h n is c h e n H o c h s c h u le n d e r Z u k u n f t a b h ä n g ig . D e n n b ei d e n U n iv e r s itä te n g e h t e s l e tz te n E n d e s u m d ie A u flö s u n g in „ F a c h h o c h s c h u le n “ , w o b e i m a n a ls M u s te r au ch a u f d ie T e c h n is c h e n H o c h s c h u le n h in w e is t. B ei d e n T e c h n is c h e n H o c h s c h u le n g e h t e s u m d ie E n tw ic k lu n g a u s d e m Z u s ta n d d e r „ F a c h h o c h s c h u le “ z u r „ U n iv e r s itä t“ , a n d e r n f a lls d e r „ Z e r f a ll“ (im S in n e R i e d l e r s ) n ic h t a b z u w e n d e n is t.
M a n m u ß sic h a u c h d ie F r a g e v o rle g e n , o b zu d e r h e u ti
g e n K r is is u n s e r e r H o c h s c h u le n n ic h t d e r G r u n d s t e i n d u rc h d ie E n t w i c k l u n g d e r „ F a c h h o c h s c h u l e n “ g e le g t w o r d e n is t. M it d e n T e c h n is c h e n H o c h s c h u le n h a t e s b e g o n n en , m it d e n H a n d e ls h o c h s c h u le n w u r d e d a s S y s te m f o r tg e s e tz t. G e tr e n n t v o n d e r U n iv e r s itä t m u ß te n s ic h n eu e W is s e n s c h a f te n e n tw ic k e ln , so d a ß d ie U n iv e r s itä t te ilw e is e ih r e n w a h r e n I n h a lt v e r lo r u n d d ie „ E in h e it d e r W is s e n s c h a f t “ d e r A u flö s u n g a n h e im zu f a lle n d ro h t.
N a c h d e r S ta a ts u m w ä lz u n g g la u b te j e d e r B e ru f, d e r m it W is s e n s c h a f t n ic h ts o d e r r e c h t w e n ig zu tu n h a t, e n tw e d e r n a ch d e r H o c h s c h u le s tr e b e n z u m ü s s e n , o d e r — w e n n d a s n ic h t o h n e w e i te r e s g in g , w e il „ s e in e W is s e n s c h a f t “ n o ch n ic h t „ v e r t r e t e n “ w a r — e in e e ig e n e „ H o c h s c h u le “ h a b e n zu m ü sse n . E s s e i n u r a n d ie „ H o c h s c h u le f ü r L e ib e s ü b u n g e n “ e r in n e r t, a u s d e r e in „ D ip lo m - S p o r tle h r e r “ h e r v o r g in g 7. M it e r f r e u lic h e r D e u tlic h k e it h a t a u f e in e m P r e s s e e m p fa n g 8 d e r U n i v e r s i t ä t K ö l n H e r r P r o f e s s o r D r.
I. K r o l l (im D e z e m b e r 1931) a u f d ie s e D in g e h in g e w ie s e n :
„. . . U n te r d ie A k a d e m ik e r e in g e r e ih t z u w e r d e n , i s t b e i v ie le n B e ru fe n , d ie m it W is s e n s c h a f t n ic h ts o d e r h ö c h s te n s n u r p e r ip h e r e tw a s zu tu n h a b e n , e in e A n g e le g e n h e it d e s S ta n d e s e g o is m u s , d e r ä u ß e r e n R e p u ta tio n u n d d e r E in re ih u n g in e in e h ö h e re G e h a lts k la s s e . D e r L e h re r, d e r R e c h n e n , S c h r e ib e n u n d L es e n b e ib rin g t, m u ß a n g e b lic h e in e w is s e n s c h a f tlic h e P e r s ö n lic h k e it se in . D e r T u r n le h r e r , d e r K n ie - u n d B a u c h w e lle k ö n n e n so ll, fü h lt s ic h d e g r a d ie r t, w e n n e r n ic h t zu m A k a d e m ik e r , d. h.
z u r w is s e n s c h a f tlic h e n P e r s ö n lic h k e it, g e s te m p e lt ist.
M a n m u ß b i t t e r la c h e n , w e n n m a n d ie k r a m p f h a f te n V e r s u c h e s ie h t, m it ein e m d ü n n e n , v e rs c h ä m te n , a u s a n d e r e n R e g io n e n e n tlie h e n e n W is s e n s s t o f f a u s d em T u r n e n e in e w is s e n s c h a f tlic h e D is z ip lin zu m a c h e n . . . M an f ä n d e k e in E n d e, w o llte m a n a lle d ie s e E rs c h e in u n g e n d u r c h s p re c h e n . U n s e r g a n z e s L e b e n w i r d v e r a k a d e m i s i e r t . . .“
D ie s e n A u s f ü h r u n g e n i s t w e n ig h in z u z u fü g e n ; s ie t r e f f e n d e n K e r n d ie s e r F ra g e , d ie bei d e r R e fo rm d e r H o c h s c h u le n n ic h t u n b e a c h te t b le ib e n d a rf.
X IV
D ie „ V e r a k a d e m i s i e r u n g “ z e ig t g r o te s k e F o r m en. So, w e n n m a n e in e A n z e ig e 9 lie s t, in d e r sic h e in e
6 T e c h n ik u n d K u ltu r 23 (1932) 4— 5 7 T e c h n ik u n d K u ltu r 20 (1929) 19
8 K ö ln is c h e Z e itu n g N r. 682 vom 14. D e z e m b e r 1931 9 Z e itz e r N e u e s te N a c h r ic h te n vom 19. N o v e m b e r 1931
24 K. W . G e i s 1 e r: Eine W eltanschauung des Ingenieurs Technik u. K u ltu r
„ A k a d e m i s c h g e b i l d e t e D i p l . - W e i ß n ä h e r i n “ d e m g e e h r te n P u b lik u m e m p fie h lt. A b e r a u c h d e r S t a a t b e tä t ig t s ic h e r fo lg r e ic h a u f d e m G e b ie te , B e ru fe z u a k a - d e m is ie re n . I n W e i m a r 10 w u r d e e in e „ S ta a tlic h e H o c h s c h u le f ü r B a u k u n s t“ e r r ic h te t, d ie d e m M a n g e l a b h e lf e n so ll, d a ß n u r M a tu r e d ie T e c h n is c h e n H o c h s c h u le n b e s u c h e n k ö n n e n . W i r h a b e n e in e „ G e w e r b e - H o c h s c h u le “ u n d a n „ In g e n ie u r - A k a d e m ie n “ u n d „ P o ly te c h n ik a “ le id e n w i r k e in e n M a n g e l.
N u n k o m m t B a y e r n . M ä n n ig lic h i s t ü b e r z e u g t, w e lc h e B e d e u tu n g f ü r B a y e r n d ie B i e r e r z e u g u n g h a t, u n d je d e r m a n n s c h ä tz t a u c h d ie E r z e u g n is s e d e s b a y e r is c h e n B r a u e r e ig e w e r b e s , a u c h a u ß e r h a lb d e r w e iß b la u e n G r e n z p f ä h le . N u n i s t d a s B i e r b r a u e n z u e in e r b e s o n d e re n
„ \ \ is s e n s c h a f t “ g e w o r d e n u n d d a s „ S tu d iu m “ (a n d e r B ra u - te e h n . A b tlg . d e r T e c h n . H o c h s c h u le M ü n c h e n in W e i h e n s te p h a n ) d e r „ B r a u e r e iw is s e n s c h a f te n “ s c h lie ß t m it dem
„ a k a d e m i s c h e n G r a d D i p l o m - B r a u e r “ ab.
D a n e b e n w i r d f ü r d ie f r ü h e r e n „ B r a u m e is te r “ e in e „ b r a u - te e h n is c h e F a c h p r ü f u n g “ a b g e h a lte n , m it d e r e n B e s te h e n d e r s c h ö n e T it e l „ A k a d e m i s c h g e p r ü f t e r B r a u e r “ e r w o r b e n w ir d . D ie B r a u e r s c h u le in W e ih e n s te p h a n s ta n d in h o h e m A n s e h e n ; d em Z e itg e is t w u r d e s ie z u m O p fe r g e b r a c h t u n d z u r „ H o c h s c h u le “ b e f ö r d e r t, n a c h d e m m a n s ie v o r h e r s c h o n z u r „ B r a u e r a k a d e m ie “ e r h o b e n h a tte . S c h o n L u d w ig T h o m a , d e r v e r s to r b e n e b a y e r is c h e D ic h te r , h a t d ie s e W a n d lu n g g e k e n n z e ic h n e t in s e in e n k ö s tlic h e n
„K l e i n s t a d t g e s c h i c h t e n “11:
„. . . A ls P e t e r d a s a c h tz e h n te L e b e n s ja h r e r r e i c h t e , s c h ic k te e r ih n n a c h W 'e ih e n s te p h a n . D a r in la g e in Z u g e s t ä n d n i s a n d ie F o r d e r u n g e n d e s Z e itg e is te s . D e r B e
s u c h d e r B r a u e r s c h u le g e w ä h r t d e n a llg e m e in e n V o r te il j e d e r a k a d e m is c h e n B ild u n g ; d a z u d e n b e s o n d e re n d e r s c h e in b a r e n U m w e r tu n g e in e r g e w e r b lic h e n T ä t i g k e i t in e in e W is s e n s c h a f t.
So v e r b r a c h te a ls o d e r ju n g e S t e r n b r ä u z w e i J a h r e u n t e r d e n J ü n g lin g e n , d ie in F r e is in g u n g e s c h la c h te F r ö h lic h k e it z e ig e n . S ie b ild e te n e in e n V e r e in ,G a m b r in a ‘ u n d fa n d e n ih r e F r e u d e i n d e r N a c h a h m u n g s t u d e n ti s c h e r M a n ie r e n . D ie B e r u f s e h r e b e d in g te , d a ß s ie n o c h t r i n k f e s t e r w a r e n a ls d ie J ü n g e r d e r H o c h s c h u le n . . .“
A u s d e m S c h e in i s t W ir k l i c h k e i t j e t z t g e w o r d e n ; j e t z t w i r d d a s B ie r v om D ip lo m - B r a u e r u n t e r B e ih ilf e d e s A k a d e m is c h g e b ild e te n B r a u e r s e r z e u g t w e r d e n , d e r d e n b ie d e r e n b a y e r is c h e n B r a u m e is te r a b g e lö s t h a t. W i e s a g te d e r K ö ln e r P r o f e s s o r K r o l l ? „ M a n m u ß b i t t e r l a c h e n . . .“ D a s a b e r u m so m e h r, w e n n m a n d ie A n s ic h t h ö r t 12, e s w ä r e r i c h t i g e r g e w e s e n , a n S te lle d e s G r a d e s
„ D ip lo m - B r a u e r “ d e n G r a d „ D i p l o m - I n g e n i e u r “ zu w ä h le n !
E s i s t a lle r h ö c h s te Z e it, d a ß d i e s e r U n fu g m it d e r „ V e r- a k a d e m is ie r u n g “ d e r B e ru fe a u f h ö rt, d a ß d u r c h e in e g r u n d le g e n d e H o c h s c h u lre f o r m d e r w a h r e S in n d e r a k a d e m is c h e n B ild u n g w i e d e r h e r g e s t e ll t w ir d .
10 T e c h n ik u n d K u ltu r 21 (1930) 166— 167 11 M ü n c h e n : A l b e r t L a n g e n 1908
12 Z e i t s c h r i f t d e s V e r b a n d e s D e u ts c h e r D ip lo m - K a u f le u te 11 (1931) 601
2)r.=3nS- KURT W . GEISLER in A l t o n a :
EINE W ELT A N SC H A U U N G DES I N G E N I E U R S
G e d a n k e n z u S t o d o l a s W e l t b i l d S t o d o l a , d i e s e r f ü h r e n d e In g e n ie u r , h a t in s e in e m
B u c h e 1 z u z e ig e n v e r s u c h t, w ie e tw a d e r T e c h n ik e r u n s e r e r T a g e d ie W e l t a n z u s e h e n g e z w u n g e n is t. D a ß d ie s e W e l t a n s c h a u u n g d ie n e u e s te n E r k e n n tn is s e d e r N a t u r w i s s e n s c h a fte n , i n s b e s o n d e r e d ie R e la t iv i t ä t s t h e o r i e u n d die O u a n fe n - u n d W e lle n m e c h a n ik in ih r e n R a h m e n a u fn e h m e n w ir d , i s t n a h e lie g e n d . W e n n g le ic h so e in e g e w is s e U n - S i c h e r h e i t in d ie B e tr a c h tu n g h in e in k o m m e n m u ß : s c h o n d e r n ä c h s te A u g e n b lic k k a n n e in e v ö llig e U m g e s ta l
tu n g d e s W e l t b il d e s b r in g e n ; m an g e w in n t k e in e n f e s te n B o d e n u n d i s t d e r m e h r o d e r w e n ig e r g r o ß e n Z u f ä llig k e it d e r w is s e n s c h a f tlic h e n T a g e s e r e ig n is s e a u s g e lie f e r t. D a ß ü b e r d ie s d a s W e l t b i l d d e r R e l a t i v i t ä t s t h e o r i e v ö llig u n a n s c h a u lic h is t, w i r d v o n S t o d o l a s e l b s t b e k la g t.
A b e r f r e i l i c h : w i r k ö n n e n n ic h t u m h in , e s v o r lä u f ig a ls r i c h t i g g e lte n z u la s s e n , u n d w ir m ü s s e n dem s to lz e n B au d ie h ö c h s te B e w u n d e ru n g z o lle n in d e r H o ffn u n g , d a ß e r d ie V o r s tu f e z u e in e r w ir k lic h e n „ A n s c h a u u n g “ b ild e t.
S c h lim m e r i s t f a s t d a s B ild , d a s u n s n a c h S to d o la s m e i s t e r h a f t e r D a r s te llu n g d ie h e u tig e P h y s i k lie f e r t. H ie r i s t a lle s v o ll v o n U n s ic h e r h e it u n d W id e r s p r ü c h e n . I s t z w a r w o h l d ie Z u r ü c k f ü h r u n g d e s G e s e tz e s v o n d e r E r h a l tu n g d e r M a s s e a u f d a s v o n d e r E r h a l t u n g d e r E n e r - g i e a ls g e s i c h e r t a n z u s e h e n , s o i s t d o c h d ie F r a g e n a c h d e r D e u tu n g d e s K a u s a l g e s e t z e s n o ch v o llk o m m e n o ffen . M a n w i r d im m e r m e h r z u d e r Ü b e rz e u g u n g k o m m e n m ü s s e n , d a ß h i e r d ie P h y s ik e r n ic h t d a s l e t z te W o r t h a b e n w e rd e n . S o b e w u n d e r n s w ü r d ig d ie L e is tu n g e n v o n B o h r , S c h r ö d i n g e r u n d B o r n s in d , u n d so ü b e r z e u g e n d d ie d u rc h die
1 S t o d o l a , A u r e l: G e d a n k e n zu e in e r W e l t a n s c h a u u n g d e s I n g e n ie u r s . — B e r lin : S p r in g e r 1931.
U n b e s tim m th e itr e la tio n v o n H e i s i n g e r g e s c h a f f e n e S c h r a n k e s e in m ag , e s b le ib t d o c h e in g r o ß e r R e s t v o n U n z u f r ie d e n h e it z u r ü c k , w e n n m a n d a s W a l t e n d e r E le k tr o n e n d e m b lo ß e n „ Z u f a ll“ u n t e r s te l le n w iU . D e n n , w a s i s t d i e s e r Z u fa ll, u n d g ib t e s e in d e r a r t ig e s i r r a t i o n a l e s P r i n z ip ü b e r h a u p t? I s t e r n ic h t e in g r ö ß e r e s „ W u n d e r “ a ls d ie s t r e n g e G e s e tz m ä ß ig k e it? I s t e s im M ik r o k o s m o s n ic h t v ie lm e h r e b e n s o w ie im M a k r o k o s m o s , w o m a n a u c h m it H ilf e d e r S t a t i s t i k D u r c h s c h n i t t s w e r t e f e s t s t e l l t , d ie u n s e r n g r o ß e n N a tu r g e s e tz e n in d e r P h y s ik a n a lo g s in d . D ie se W e r t e e r g e b e n d a n n T a ts a c h e n , m it d e n e n d e r V e r s ic h e r u n g s m a th e m a tik e r w ie m it r i c h t i g e n G e s e tz e n r e c h n e t.
A b e r d e s h a lb f o lg e r t m a n d o ch n o ch la n g e n ic h t, d a ß im K le in e n u n d E in z e ln e n a lle s Z u f a ll se i. M a n w e iß v ie lm e h r s e h r w o h l, d a ß a u c h h i e r s tr e n g e G e s e tz m ä ß ig k e it h e r r s c h t .
B e s o n d e r s d a n k e n s w e r t is t, d a ß S to d o la d e n B lic k a u c h a u f d a s o r g a n i s c h e G e s c h e h e n le n k t. B e a c h te n s w e r t is t, w ie a u c h h ie r s e in e N e ig u n g a u f d a s I r r a t i o n a l e g e h t. S o b e v o r z u g t e r o f f e n b a r D a r w i n v o r L a - m a r c k u n d d e n n e u e r e n V ita lis m u s v o r d e m M e c h a n is m u s . V o n e r k e n n t n is k r it i s c h e m S ta n d p u n k te a u s h a t s c h o n v o r l ä n g e r e m d e r e n g lis c h e P h ilo s o p h S a m u e l B u t l e r 2 d em D a r w in is m u s d a s F e ld s t r e i t i g g e m a c h t.
Ü b e rd ie s g ib t e s in n e u e r e r Z e it m e h r e r e B e is p ie le v o n V e r e r b b a r k e i t e r w o r b e n e r E ig e n s c h a f te n : e s s e i d a a u f e in e n S c h m e tte r lin g h in g e w ie s e n , d e n m a n lä n g e r e Z e it h in d u r c h b e i t ie f e r e n T e m p e r a t u r e n g e h a lte n h a t. D ie V e r s u c h s tie r e v e r ä n d e r te n ih r e F a r b e in w e iß , b e h ie lte n d ie s e 2 U n c o n s c io u s M e m o ry 1880. L ife a n d H a b i t 1877. V g l.
D r. R u d . S t o f f : D ie P h ilo s o p h ie d e s O r g a n is c h e n b e i S a m u e l B u tle r. W ie n 1929. — E in e G e s a m ta u s g a b e d e r W e r k e v o n S. B u tle r e r s c h ie n in L o n d o n : J . C a p e 1921.
23 (1932) Nr. 2 L a p i c i d a : Betrachtungen 25
F a r b e n a ch i h r e r Z u r ü c k f ü h r u n g in n o rm a le T e m p e r a tu r e n u n d v e r e r b t e n s ie d u rc h m e h r e r e G e n e ra tio n e n . — E in Z e ic h e n a ls o , d a ß n ic h t d e r b lo ß e „ Z u f a ll“ r e g ie r t.
A u c h d ie W id e r le g u n g d e r m e c h a n is tis c h e n T h e o r ie , w ie s ie S t o d o 1 a a n D r i e s c h d a r s t e l l t, e r s c h e in t a n f e c h tb a r . M a n d e n k e s ic h a n S te lle d e r P o ly p e n - A r t T u b u la r i a (S. 78) n u r e in m a l e in e n S ta b m a g n e te n , d e n m an a n d e n s e lb e n S te lle n d u r c h s c h n e id e t. W i r d s ic h n ic h t s t e t s d a s n a c h N g e k e h r te E n d e zu e in e m N o rd p o l, d a s n a ch S lie g e n d e zu e in e m S ü d p o l „ r e g e n e r ie r e n “ , u n a b h ä n g ig v on d e r s o n s tig e n L a g e d e r S c h n itte ? E s s ie h t a ls o so a u s, a ls ob d ie M a s c h i
n e n th e o r ie d e s O rg a n is c h e n s o e in fa c h n ic h t a u s d e m F e ld e zu s c h la g e n w ä re .
D ie U n s ic h e rh e it, d ie e in e r s ic h d e n je w e ils n e u e s te n E r k e n n tn is s e n a u f p h y s ik a lis c h e m u n d b io lo g is c h e m G e b ie te a n s c h lie ß e n d e n W e lta n s c h a u u n g n o tw e n d ig a n h a f te n m uß, m a c h t sic h b e s o n d e rs a u c h in d e r V e rfo lg u n g d e s „ B e w u ß t s e i n s - P r o b l e m s “ b e m e r k b a r . D e r N a t u r w is s e n s c h a f tle r is t h ie r in e in e r s c h w ie rig e n L ag e. E r m uß, w e n n e r a b s u r d e r w e is e d ie E in h e it d e s B e w u ß ts e in s von a u ß e n h e r b e g r e if lic h m a c h e n w ill, z u so g e z w u n g e n e n E r k lä ru n g e n s e in e Z u f lu c h t n eh m en , w ie s ie d ie F e ld th e o r ie von G u r w i t c h d a r s t e l l t. In W a h r h e i t i s t a b e r d ie E in h e it d e s B e w u ß ts e in s e b e n s o w ie d ie d a m it im Z u s a m m e n h a n g s te h e n d e E in h e it d e r W e l t ü b e r h a u p t d ie e in z ig s ic h e r e G r u n d ta ts a c h e , \ on d e r w ir a u s g e h e n m ü sse n . S ie g e h ö r t n ic h t in d ie B e h a u p tu n g , s o n d e r n in d ie V o r a u s s e tz u n g a lle r w is s e n s c h a f tlic h e n U n te rn e h m u n g , w ie d a s ü b e r z e u g e n d d ie G e s ta ltth e o r ie d a r g e t a n h a t.
A u c h d ie o b e n b e r e its b e r ü h r te A u fh e b u n g d e s K a u s a l
g e s e tz e s m ü ß te d a s B e w u ß ts e in s p r o b le m in u n g e a h n te r
W e i s e b e e in flu s s e n . S t o d o ł a s t e ll t a u s d r ü c k lic h f e s t:
„ J e d e m p s y c h is c h e n V o r g a n g e n ts p r ic h t e in p h y s io lo g is c h e r, a ls o e in p h y s ik o - c h e m is e h e r P r o z e ß “ (S. 87). D a a b e r n u n s io h e r d e r A b la u f d e r B e w u ß ts e in s - E r e ig n is s e n ic h t m it d e n m a k ro k o s m is c h e n , s o n d e r n m it d e n m ik ro k o s m is c h e n T a t s a c h e n d e s G e h ir n s k o r r e s p o n d ie r t, u n d d a d ie s e m ik ro k o s - m is o h e n a u f „ Z u f a ll“ b e r u h e n s o lle n , so h ä tt e n w i r n ie G e w ä h r f ü r l o g i s c h e s D e n k e n u n d r ic h tig e s E rk e n n e n . D ie M ö g lic h k e it, W is s e n s c h a f t z u tr e ib e n , s t e h t u n d f ä l l t m i t d e m K a u s a l g e s e t z , w e s h a lb a u c h F o r s c h e r vom R a n g e e in e s P l a n c k a n ihm u n te r a lle n U m s t ä n d e n f e s t h a l t e n w o lle n .
A u s d r ü c k lic h b e to n t S t o d o ł a , d a ß z u r B e g rü n d u n g e in e r W e lta n s c h a u u n g d ie n a tu r w is s e n s c h a f tlic h e n T a t s a c h e n a lle in n ic h t g e n ü g e n . E r s u c h t d ie s e B e g rü n d u n g a b e r n ic h t a u f e r k e n n tn is th e o r e tis c h e in G e b ie te , s o n d e r n in d e n
„ u n v e r g le ic h lic h lic h tv o lle n G e fild e n e t h i s c h - ä s t h e t i s c h e r B e t r a c h t u n g “ . H ie r f in d e t d ie m it d e n von d e r N a tu r a u fg e g e b e n e n P ro b le m e n s tä n d ig in h a r te m K a m p fe lie g e n d e P e r s ö n lic h k e it d e s g r o ß e n In g e n ie u r s e n d lic h d ie f ü r ih n m ö g lic h e E rg ä n z u n g .
E s w i r d v ie lle ic h t n ic h t a lle n F a c h g e n o s s e n g e g e b e n se in , in d ie s e m A b s c h lu ß m it S t o d o ł a ü b e re in z u s tim m e n . W e r a b e r e in e f ü r d e n T e c h n ik e r g u t v e r s tä n d lic h e E in fü h ru n g in d a s r ie s ig e G e b ie t d e r n e u e re n N a tu r w is s e n s c h a f te n s u c h t, d e r g r e if e u n b e d e n k lic h z u d ie s e m B u c h e : E s g ib t k a u m e in e n b e s s e r e n W e g w e is e r . D ie b e s te h e n d e n U n s ic h e r h e ite n h a t n ic h t S t o d o ł a zu v e r tr e te n . S ie s in d v o r a lle m b e g r ü n d e t i n d e r T a ts a c h e , d a ß e in e U n z a h l v o n F o r s c h e r n a lle d ie s e E in z e lg e b ie te b e a r b e ite t, u n d d a ß e in e „ Z u s a m m e n s c h a u “ a ll e r E r g e b n is s e v o r lä u f ig n ic h t m ö g lic h ist.
LAPICIDA:
B E T R A C H T U N G E N
I n R u ß l a n d h a t v o r k u r z e m e in e r je n e r S c h a u p ro z e s s e v o r d em G e r ic h ts h o f s ta ttg e f u n d e n , w ie sie bei b e s o n d e re n A n lä s s e n a u s p r o p a g a n d is tis c h e n G rü n d e n v e r a n s t a lt e t w e r den . D e r A n la ß w a r ein E is e n b a h n u n g lü c k , u n d e s w u r d e f e s tg e s te llt, d a ß d ie F ü h r e r d e r d a r a n b e te ilig te n E is e n b a h n z ü g e n ic h ts vom S ig n a lw e s e n v e r s ta n d e n , d ie B e d e u tu n g d e r E is e n b a h n s ig n a le n ic h t k a n n te n . D ie se U n k e n n tn is e le m e n t a r e r E r f o r d e r n is s e f ü r d ie F ü h ru n g e in e s E is e n b a h n z u g e s h a t z u m Z u s a m m e n s to ß vo n d r e i E is e n b a h n z ü g e n g e fü h rt.
W a s u n s h ie r i n te r e s s ie r t, i s t n ic h t so s e h r d ie s e r T a t b e s ta n d a n sic h , a ls d ie b e s o n d e re H e rv o rh e b u n g d e r T a t sa c h e vo n d e r U n k e n n tn is d e r L o k o m o tiv fü h re r in d e u t
sc h e n Z e itu n g s b e ric h te n . E s m ag v e r w u n d e r lic h se in , d a ß in R u ß la n d je m a n d L o k o m o tiv fü h re r w e r d e n u n d s e in k a n n , o h n e vom S ig n a lw e s e n e tw a s z u v e rs te h e n . U n d s ic h e r is t a u c h , d a ß in D e u ts c h la n d n ie m a n d zu d ies em B e ru f g e la s s e n w ir d , d e r n ic h t a u f H e rz u n d N ie re n g e p r ü f t w u rd e . A b e r . . .
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In B e r l i n , a ls o in D e u ts c h la n d , l ä u f t s e it M o n a te n ein P ro z e ß , a ll e r d i n g s n ic h t g r o ß a ls S c h a u s p ie l a u fg e z o g e n ; er
b lü h t, je l ä n g e r e r d a u e r t um so m e h r, g e w is s e r m a ß e n im V e rb o rg e n e n . D ie Z e itu n g e n b e r ic h te n n u r k u rz , n a m e n tlic h d a rü b e r, w e n n e in e r d e r H e r r e n S k l a r e k b e s o n d e rs p ik a n te I n d is k r e tio n e n ü b e r s e in e k u lin a r is c h e n B e z ie h u n g e n p r e is g ib t. U n d d o c h w ä r e d ie s e r P r o z e ß so r e c h t g e e ig n e t, m ö g lic h s t w e itg e h e n d in u n s e re m V o lk e z u r U n te r r ic h tu n g v e r b r e i te t zu w e rd e n . N ic h t d ie m e h r o d e r m in d e r ü p p ig e n G a s te r e ie n u n d g e g e n s e itig e n G e s c h e n k e o d e r die a u f d e n S k la r e k s c h e n J a g d e n g e s c h o s s e n e n H ir s c h e s in d u n s d a s w e s e n tlic h e , a u c h n ic h t d ie a k tiv e n u n d p a s s iv e n B e s te c h u n g e n . S o n d e r n : d ie s a c h lic h e U n k e n n tn is vo n zu h o h e n Ä m te rn b e r u fe n e n P e r s o n e n in g r u n d le g e n d e n D in g e n d e s B e r u f s k r e is e s , d e m s ie v o r s te h e n s o llte n . A lle r d in g s ,
in D e u ts c h la n d w i r d n ie m a n d S tr a ß e n b a h n s c h a f f n e r , vom L o k o m o tiv fü h re r zu sc h w e ig e n , n ie m a n d e r h ä l t e in n o ch so b e s c h e id e n e s A m t, o h n e d a ß e r e in e n B e f ä h ig u n g s n a c h w e is e r b r a c h t h ä tte , o h n e d a ß e r e in e r R e ih e vo n p e in lic h e n P r ü f u n g e n u n te rz o g e n w u rd e . A b e r . . .
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W i r h a b e n w a h r lic h k e in e n G ru n d , u n s ü b e r d e n L o k o m o tiv f ü h r e r in R u ß la n d b e s o n d e rs z u e r s ta u n e n ; m e h r G r u n d h a b e n w i r d a zu , d ie B a lk e n in u n s e r e n e ig e n e n A u g e n zu e r k e n n e n . D e r S k la r e k - P r o z e ß i s t j a n ic h t h in s ic h tlic h s e in e r H in te r g r ü n d e ein E in z e lfa ll, ü b e r d e n m a n s o n s t z u r T a g e s o rd n u n g ü b e r g e h e n k ö n n te . E s i s t s e i t d e r S t a a t s u m w ä l z u n g j a d o ch ü b lic h g e w e s e n , v o n d e r Ü b e r s c h ä t z u n g d e r S c h u l b i l d u n g z u s p r e c h e n u n d z u m G e g e n s a tz d ie „ S c h u le d e s L e b e n s “ zu p r e is e n . N e b e n b e i, b e s o n d e rs h a tt e m an e s d a b e i a u f d ie A k a d e m ik e r a b g e s e h e n , u n d e s k la n g — n a m e n tlic h von A k a d e m ik e r n s e l b s t a u s g e s p r o c h e n
— s e h r g u t, w e n n m a n v on d e r „ m a ß lo s e n Ü b e rs c h ä tz u n g a k a d e m is c h e r B ild u n g “ r e d e te , d ie v o r d em K rie g e h e r r s c h te u n d v ie l a n u n s e re m U n g lü c k S c h u ld tr a g e . K e in V e r n ü n f t ig e r h a t a b e r j e d ie S c h u lb ild u n g ü b e r d ie L e b e n s s c h u lu n g g e s te llt, u n d v o n je w a r d ie S c h u le n u r V o r b e r e itu n g ; lie f e r te n u r d ie G r u n d la g e n k ü n f tig e n B e ru fe s . U n d d e r S c h u le d e s L e b e n s v e r b lie b d e r w ic h tig s te u n d e n ts c h e i
d e n d e A n te il a n d e r P e r s ö n lic h k e its g e s ta ltu n g , u n d s ie a lle in g a b d ie n o tw e n d ig e n B e d in g u n g e n z u m E rk lim m e n d e r B e
r u f s le ite r . A b e r n u r in g a n z b e s o n d e re n F ä lle n , in s e lte n e n A u s n a h m e n , f ü r d ie e in e R e g e l n ic h t g ilt, k a n n d ie s c h u lis c h e G r u n d la g e e n tb e h r t w 'e rd en , i n s b e s o n d e r e d ie g e is tig e S c h u lu n g , d ie e r s t d ie F ä h ig k e ite n a u f lo c k e r t u n d z u r R e ifu n g zu b r in g e n v e rm a g .
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26 L a p i c i d a : Betrachtungen Technik u. K u ltu r
V ie lf a c h — u n d d a s n a m e n tlic h im te c h n is c h e n B e ru fe — h a t m a n e in e n G e g e n s a t z z w i s c h e n W i s s e n u n d K ö n n e n k o n s t r u i e r t . D e n D ip lo m -In g e n ie u re n s a g t m an n a c h , d a ß s ie z w a r v o n d e r H o c h s c h u le v iel, v iel z u v iel!
W is s e n s s to f f in s ic h a u fg e n o m m e n h a b e n , d a ß e s ih n e n a b e r a n d e m „ K ö n n e n “ f e h lt, d a s K e n n z e ic h e n d e s a u s d e r
„ S c h u le d e s L e b e n s “ h e r v o rg e g a n g e n P r a k t i k e r s is t. D em s p r e c h e n w i r te c h n is c h e n A k a d e m ik e r d a s „ K ö n n e n “ n ic h t a b , a b e r a u c h n ic h t d a s „ W i s s e n “. E s g ib t k e in e n B e ru f, in d e m d e r „ P r a k t i k e r “ e in e s o h o h e W e r t s c h ä t z u n g von d e m „ s t u d i e r t e n “ B e r u f s t r ä g e r e r f ä h r t w ie g e r a d e im te c h n is c h e n B e ru fe . U m g e k e h r t i s t es a b e r n ic h t so! H ie r, w ie im a llg e m e in e n , i s t u n s N o t d ie r i c h t i g e E i n s c h ä t z u n g , n ic h t Ü b e r s c h ä tz u n g a b e r a u c h n ic h t U n t e r s c h ä tz u n g , 'd e r B e r u f s - V o r b ild u n g u n d - A u s b ild u n g , d e s W is s e n s u n d K ö n n e n s . K ü n s tlic h k o n s t r u i e r t i s t d e r G e g e n s a tz z w is c h e n W is s e n u n d K ö n n e n , b e id e s in d n ic h t v o n e in a n d e r tr e n n b a r , n u r ih r e r G rö ß e n o r d n u n g n a c h s in d s ie v e r s c h ie d e n in i h r e r G e m e in s a m k e it.
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W e n n h i e r k ü r z lic h in e in e r N e u ja h r s b e tr a c h tu n g R o m b e r g s a g te , d a ß d ie „ i n n e r e W a h r h a f t i g k e i t “ d e s e in z e ln e n M e n s c h e n u n d d e r V o lk s g e m e in s c h a f t V o r b e d in g u n g u n s e r e r G e s u n d u n g is t, so m u ß d ie s e F o r d e r u n g sicli n ic h t n u r a u f a lle B e z ie h u n g e n d e r G lie d e r d e s V o lk e s u n te r s ic h e r s tr e c k e n , s o n d e r n a u c h d a r ü b e r h in a u s a u f d ie B e z i e h u n g e n z w i s c h e n d e n e i n z e l n e n V ö l k e r n . D e r e n V e r h ä ltn is z u e in a n d e r u n d g e g e n e in a n d e r w ir d s e i t m e h r a ls e in e m D e z e n n iu m v e r g if t e t d u rc h die L ü g e, d ie n ic h t F r ie d e w e r d e n lä ß t. W i r d n ic h t h e u te noch d ie T h e s e v o n d e r d e u t s c h e n S c h u l d a m K r i e g e a u f r e c h te r h a lte n , g e f lis s e n tlic h u n d z w e c k h a f t? D ie s e L ü g e m u ß e n d lic h a u s g e r o t t e t w e r d e n , e h e r k a n n n ic h t F r ie d e se in , e h e r w i r d n ic h t d e r B o d e n b e r e it se in , a u f d e m n e u e k u l tu r e l le u n d w ir t s c h a f t li c h e E n tw ic k lu n g e r b lü h e n k a n n . S o ll d ie W e l t n ic h t a n d ie s e m G if t z u g r u n d e g e h e n , s o m u ß W a h r h e i t w e r d e n . D a s w i r d s e in n u r d a n n , w e n n d a s D e u ts c h e V o lk e in ig i s t in d e r F o r d e r u n g n a c h W a h r h e it , in s e in e m h e ilig e n R e c h te a u f W a h r h e it , ü b e r a lle K la s s e n g e g e n s ä tz e , ü b e r a lle P a r t e i s p a l tu n g e n h in w e g e in ig ! S o la n g e d e r K a m p f um W a h r h e it , d e r K a m p f g e g e n d ie s e S c h u ld lü g e in D e u ts c h la n d le d ig lic h S a c h e e in e s b e s o n d e re n V e r e in e s i s t u n d n ic h t d a s g a n z e V o lk , g e f ü h r t v o n s e in e r R e g ie r u n g , T r ä g e r d e s K a m p fe s w ir d , s o la n g e w i r d d e r W a h r h e i t u n d F r e i h e i t k e in e G a s s e .
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I s t e s n ic h t U n w a h r h a f t i g k e i t , d a ß w i r s e it v ie r z e h n J a h r e n F r i e d e n h a b e n ? G e h t d o c h s e it d em f u r c h t b a r e n Z u s a m m e n b ru c h 1918 d e r „ K r ie g m it a n d e r e n M i t te l n “ u n e n tw e g t w e ite r , d e s s e n s i c h t b a r s t e r A u s d r u c k d ie T r i b u t e s in d . S e i t J a h r e n w u r d e ü b e r d ie T r ib u te , d ie m a n a u c h o f f iz ie ll in D e u ts c h la n d s c h a m h a f t u n d u n w a h r „ R e p a r a tio n e n “ n e n n t, v o n u n s e r e n K r ie g s g e g n e r n u n d a u c h v o n u n s e in S c h l e i e r g e b r e ite t. S e it J a h r u n d T a g w u r d e h i e r g e f o r d e r t, d a ß d ie s e L e b e n s f r a g e d e s d e u ts c h e n V o lk e s , j a d e r V ö lk e r ü b e r h a u p t, e n d lic h e in m a l a u s d e r E b e n e d e s p a r te ip o l i ti s c h e n G e tr ie b e s h e r a u s g e h o b e n w ir d , um z u r S a c h e d e s g a n z e n V o lk e s z u w e rd e n . H ie r h a n d e lt' e s s ic h n ic h t um P a r te id o g m e n , n ic h t u m „ K la s s e n f r a g e n “ , z u d e n e n m a n d ie s e s P r o b le m g e m a c h t h a t. H ie r g e h t e s u m L e b e n u n d S te r b e n e in e s V o lk e s . J e t z t e n d lic h , s p ä t, n a c h d e m d ie d e u ts c h e W i r t s c h a f t e in e m T r ü m m e rh a u f e n g le ic h t, b e g in n t d ie T r i b u t f r a g e s ic h a u s d e r V e r s c h le ie r u n g z u lö se n . U n d u n s b le ib t n u r d ie H o ffn u n g , d a ß e s n ic h t zu s p ä t is t!
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A ls d e r Y o u n g - P l a n z u r D is k u s s io n s t a n d u n d ü b e r s e in e A n n a h m e o d e r A b le h n u n g e n ts c h ie d e n w e r d e n s o llte , w ie v ie le D e u ts c h e w u ß te n , w a s e r u n s a u f e r le g te ? U n d e in J a h r i s t e s e r s t , s e i t v o n p r o m in e n te r S te lle n o c h g e s a g t w u r d e , d a ß d e r Y o u n g - P la n v o n d e n u r s p r ü n g l i c h e n (1921) T r i b u t f o r d e r u n g e n v o n 132 M i l li a r d e n R e ic h s m a r k „ n u r n o ch g a n z e 32,5 M i l li a r d e n ü b r i g g e l a s s e n h ä tt e . A u f d ie in n e r e U n w a h r h e it s o lc h e r R e c h n u n g , d ie s ic h b i t t e r r ä c h e n m u ß te , w u r d e h i e r w i e d e r h o l t h in g e w ie s e n . M a n e r f a n d d a s K u n s ts tü c k : „ G e g e n w a r t s w e r t “, w o b e i d ie V e r f e c h t e r a b e r g ä n z lic h v e r g a ß e n , d a ß a u c h d i e f r ü h e r g e f o r d e r t e n 132 M il
lia r d e n n ic h t m it e in e m S c h la g e a u f d a s Z a h l b r e t t g e le g t w e r d e n k o n n te n , d a ß a u c h d ie s e S u m m e in J a h r e s t r i b u t e n e n t r i c h t e t w e r d e n s o llte . D e r „ G e g e n w a r t s w e r t “ a b e r d i e s e r T r i b u t f o r d e r u n g i s t v o n d e m „ G e g e n w a r t s w e r t “ n a c h d e m Y o u n g - P la n k a u m z u u n te r s c h e id e n . U n d w 'ie f ik tiv d i e s e r „ G e g e n w a r t s w e r t “ w a r , d a s z e ig te d o c h r e c h t b a ld d ie V e r ä n d e r u n g d e s G o ld w e r te s a u f d e m W e l t m ä r k te !
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W a s h a t n u n e ig e n tlic h D e u t s c h l a n d b i s h e r g e l e i s t e t , u n d w a s d a r f d a v o n a ls w i r k l ic h e W i e d e r - a u f b a u k o s t e n g e r e c h n e t w e r d e n ? D e n n „ R e p a r a t i o n e n “ (v o n s o lc h e n i s t im D i k t a t vom V e r s a il l e s d ie R e d e, n ic h t v o n „ T r i b u t e n “ !) b e d e u te n „ w ie d e r g u t m a c h e n “ , d e r S c h ä d e n d e s K r ie g e s ( n ic h t b lo ß d ie , w e lc h e d a s d e u ts c h e H e e r v e r u r s a c h t h a t) n ä m lic h , s o w e it d ie s m it m a te r ie lle n M itte ln m ö g lic h is t. V o n J a h r z u J a h r w u r d e g e w a r t e t, d a r ü b e r e in m a l d ie W a h r h e i t z u h ö re n . B e i j e d e r T r i b u t r e g e lu n g f in g e n w i r s o z u s a g e n w i e d e r v o n v o rn e a n , d ie w i d e r s p r e c h e n d s te n Z a h le n w u r d e n u n d w e r d e n j e t z t w i e d e r g e n a n n t, u n d d ie A g ita tio n m it d ie s e n Z a h le n v e r g if t e t e r n e u t d ie W e l t . D ie W a h r h e i t m u ß h i e r a n s L ic h t! D ie W a h r h e i t a b e r a u c h d a r ü b e r , w o h in d ie G e ld e r g e f lo s s e n s in d , w a s m it ih n e n g e s c h e h e n is t.
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D ie D e u t s c h e R e g i e r u n g h a t n e u e r d in g s e n d lic h e in m a l k o n k r e t e Z a h l e n v e r ö f f e n tlic h t. S ie g e b e n e in e r s c h ü t t e r n d e s B ild , d a s n o ch f u r c h t b a r e r w i r k t , w e n n m a n s ie h t, d a ß vo n r u n d 42 M i l li a r d e n L e is tu n g e n d ie s o g e n a n n te
„ R e p a r a tio n s k o m m is s io n “ r u n d 8 M illia r d e n a n g e r e c h n e t h a t! U n d w e n n m a n b e d e n k t, d a ß z u e in e r G e s a m tle is tu n g von r u n d 68 M i l li a r d e n no ch d ie e ig e n e n K r ie g s k o s te n , d e r V e r l u s t d e s g e s a m te n V o lk s v e r m ö g e n s d u r c h d ie I n f l a t i o n h in z u k o m m t: e in A d e r l a ß v o n in s g e s a m t 170 M illia r d e n , d e n d a s d e u ts c h e V o lk h a t ü b e r s ic h e rg e h e n la s s e n m ü s s e n ! G la u b t d a n o c h e in v e r n ü n f t i g e r M e n s c h d a r a n , d a ß n a c h s o lc h e r A u s b lu tu n g e in V o lk n o c h e in e e in e s K u ltu r v o lk e s w ü r d ig e L e b e n s h a ltu n g a u f r e c h te r h a l t e n k a n n , j a d a ß e s a u c h n o c h T r i b u t e z a h le n k ö n n te ? M u ß s o lc h e in A d e r l a ß n ic h t d ie W ir t s c h a f t z e r tr ü m m e r n u n d d ie W i r t s c h a f t a u c h d e r a n d e r e n V ö lk e r z e r r ü t te n ? D ie s e Z a h le n in ih re m g ig a n tis c h e n A u s m a ß e s ic h zu v e r g e g e n w ä r tig e n , h e iß t d ie s o g e n a n n te „ W e l t k r i s e “ in ih r e n U r s a c h e n v e r s te h e n . N ic h t e in e „ W e l t k r i s e “ i s t d ie U r s a c h e u n s e r e s w i r t s c h a f t li c h e n E le n d e s , d a s w u r d e h i e r im m e r s c h o n b e to n t; d ie T r ib u t e s in d d ie l e t z te U r s a c h e d e r d e u ts c h e n K ris e , d ie „ W e l t k r i s e “ is t e in e F u n k tio n d e r d e u ts c h e n K r is e , d e r T r ib u t e !
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S p ä t b r ic h t s ic h d ie s e W a h r h e i t B a h n , s e h r s p ä t b e g in n t s i e A llg e m e in g u t zu w e r d e n . S ie k o m m t n ic h t zu s p ä t, w e n n s ie d a z u f ü h r t, d a s D e u ts c h e V o lk z u e in e n . Im Z e ic h e n d e r W a h r h e i t a b e r n u r w i r d a u f d em T r ü m m e r h a u f e n d a s D e u ts c h e V o lk sic h d ie n e u e Z u k u n f t b a u e n .
