DER BAUINGENIEUR
9. Jahrgang 8. Juni 1928 Heft 23
DIE BERECHNUNG VON DRUCKSTABEN UND STUTZEN AUS STAHL 37,
„ A B G E K U R Z T E S V E R F A H R E N “ . Von Óberbaurat Professor a- D. Moerike, Stuttgart.
I n H e f t 42 v o n 1 9 2 6 , S . 7 9 9 f f . , d . B I. i s t iib e r d a s ,,al>- g e k i i r z t e " , d a s s o g . ,,/ ? -V e r fa h r e n " in d e m S in n e b e r i c h t e t w o r d e n , d a B e in ig e U n g e r e im t h e it e n d e s c o -Y e r fa h r e n s , d a s d e r E r la B d e s p r e u B is c h e n M in is t e r s f i i r V o l k s w o h l f a h r t v o m 2 5 . F e b r u a r 1 9 2 5 f i i r P r e u B e n e in g e f iih r t h a t , b e s p r o c h e n u n d d a s P r i n z i p d e s / ? -V e rfa h re n s u n d d ie A b l e i t u n g s e in e r F o r m e ln u n t e r B e i g a b e e in ig e r R e c h n u n g s b e is p ie le d a r g e l e g t w u r d e n . N a c h d e m in z w is c h e n d a s / S -Y e rfa h r e n a u f A n t r a g d e s W i i r t t c m - b e r g is c h e n V e r e i n s f i i r B a u k u n d e v o m W i i r t t e m b e r g i s c h e n I n n e n - m in is t e r iu m n e b e n d e m c o -Y e r fa h r e n f i i r d e n E is e n h o c h b a u z u - g e la s s e n w o r d e n is t , u n d d e r „ D e u t s c h e N o r m e n a u s s c h u B " u n d d e r „ D e u t s c h e E i s e n b a u y e r b a n d " s ic h d e r S a c h e a n g e n o m m e n h a b e n , d i i r f t e d ie B e k a n n t g a b e d e r /?-W erte f i i r d ie im H o c h b a u iib li c h e n Q u e r s c h n i t t e v o n D r u c k s t a b e n u n d S t i i t z e n n e b s t e in e r A n w e i s u n g d e s B e r e c h n u n g s v e r f a h r e n s f iir w e i t e r e t e c h n is c h e K r e i s e w illk o m m e n s e in . E i n i g e B e is p ie le m o g e n d ie E i n f a c h h e i t u n d T r e f f s i c h e r h e i t d e s \ re r fa h r e n s , d a s im U n t e r s c h ie d z u m c o - V e r fa h r e n d ie g e s u c h t e n Q u e r s c l i n i t t e u n m i t t e l b a r a n - s c h r e ib e n la B t , n a c h w e is e n . D i e V o r t e i l e f i i r d e n K o n s t r u k t e u r u n d d ie k o n t r o llie r e n d c n B a u p o li z e i b e h ó r d c n s in d a u g e n f a l l i g ; d ie E i n f a c h h e i t d e s f r iih e r e n V e r f a h r e n s n a c h E u l e r is t so , a lle r d in g s o h n e s e in e M a n g e l, w ie d e r h e r g e s t e llt .
D i e B e r e c h n u n g s g r u n d la g e n d e s JE rlasses y o m 2 5 . F e b r u a r 1 9 2 5 s in d f i i r d a s fi- V e r f a h r e n b e i b e h a lt e n w o r d e n , s o d ie z u - la s s ig e n H ó c h s t s p a n n u n g e n ff2ul = 12 0 0 b z w . 14 0 0 k g / c m 2 f iir d e n B e l a s t u n g s f a l l I b z w . I I , d ie S t o B z if fe r n , d ie R a n d s p a n n u n g e n trr = 12 0 0 b z w . 14 0 0 k g / c m 2 u n d d ie E l a s t i z i t a t s z i f f e r . D a im E is e n h o c h b a u s c h o n d e r e r h o h t e n K o s t e n h a l b e r d e r S t a h l 48 so g u t w ie k e in e R o l l e s p i e l t , so s in d d ie fi- W e r t e f i i r d ie s e n h o c h w e r t ig e n S t a h l w e g g e b lie b e n . D e r S i c h e r h e i t s g r a d is t
v = - , u n d f iir A > 10 5 i s t n a c h d e r E u l e r f o r m e l d ie K n i c k -
^dzu!
s p a n n u n g
n 2 E
( 1 ) k S / G m <
d ie z u la s s ig e S p a n n u n g i s t h ie r b e i
(2) a &7u\~— 7 i kg/cm2,
v0
wahrend die Knickspannung <rK fiir A c iO j nach der Tetmajer- . formel
(3) = 3100 ~~ lr ,.4 '• kg/cm2 S » '
z u b e r e c h n e n is t . H ie r b e i i s t A — . -K , w o s K d ie S t a b - ( N e t z - ) L a n g e u n d i d e r k le in s t e T r a g h e it s h a lb m e s s e r , vt d ie „ G r u n d s i c h e r h e i t "
j e n s e i t s d e r B e r e ic h s g r e n z e , d .h , / > 10 5 b e d e u t e t . I n d e r A b b i l d u n g i s t d i e ffdzui - Ł i n i e f i i r d a s /?- w ie f i i r d a s c y - V e r fa h r e n im F a l i I e in g e z e ic h n e t , d e s g le ic h e n d ie ffK -L in ie . D i e G r u n d s ic h e r h e it i s t im F a l i I z u 3 ,5 , im F a l i I I z u 3,0 g e w a h l t , a ls o u m ]/2 t i e f e r a i s b e im c o -Y e r fa h r e n . D ie B e r e c h t i g u n g f i i r d ie s e E r l e i c h t c - r u n g i s t a n a n d e r e r S t e l l e 1 n a c h g e w ie s e n , s ie w ir d a u c h d u r c h d ie t r e f f l i c h e n U n t e r s u c h u n g e n b e s t a t i g t 2, d ie P r o f e s s o r D r . I n g . R o ś u n d D ip lo m in g e n ie u r B r u n n e r im A u g u s t h e f t : g 2 6 , d e r E id - g e n o s s is c h e n M a t e r i a l p r i i f u n g s a n s t a l t a n d e r T e c h n i s c h e n H o c h -
1 V g l. m eine A b h a n d lu n g in d er B a u zeitu n g * (V e rla g S tu t t g a r t , S e d a n str. 16), 1924, H e ft 32/33, 1925, H e ft 29/30, 1926, H e ft 18/19 1928, im D e u ts ch e n B a u w e se n ", 1927, H e ft 9 u nd 1928, H e ft 2, S. 47.
s c h u le Z .iiric h v e r d f f e n t l i c h t h a b e n . D ie fftl/urL i n i e i s t b e i m ^ - Y e r f a h r e n u m e in w e n ig e s h o h e r a is b e im m - Y e r fa h r e n , s o d a B sićh in v ie le n F a l l e n b e i b e id e n Y e r f a h r e n d ie s e lb e n P r o f il- n u m m e r n e r g e b e n ; b e i d e n iib r ig e n , in s b e s o n d e r e b e i s o lc h e n S t a b e n , d e r e ń }. in d e r N a h e v o n 10 5 o d e r d a r i i b e r h i n a u s lie g t , g i b t d a s fi- Y e r fa h r e n o f t d ie n a c h s t k le in e r e P r o f iln u m m e r ( B e is p ie l 1).
D e r Ą b s t a n d c d e r in n e r e n A n s ć h iu B n ie t e d e r B in d e b le c h e u n d Y e r g i t t e r u n g e n g e g lie d e r t e r S t a b e , d ie d e r E r la B yom 2 5 . F e b r u a r 19 2 5
z u h o c h s t e n s 30 i b e s t im m t , k a n n n a c h F o r m e l 12 u n d 13 b e r e c h n e t w e r d e n .
D ie S p a n n u n g s - lin ie <Td zu, d e s
^ - V e r fa h r e n s is t f iir ). ^ 10 5 d ic u m 3,3 b z w . 3,0 f iir F a l i I b z w . 11 r e d u z i e r t e E u le r - k u r v e u n d fiir /. = 10 5 b is 40 e in e T a n g e n t e a n d ie K u r v e . D ie s e T a n g e n t e g e h t b e i
X . = 40 in d ie H o r i z o n t a l e a7ll[ = 12 0 0 b z w . 14 0 0 k g / c m 2 f iir d e n F a l i I b z w . I I iib e r (s. A b b .) . Z w is c h e n ), = 40 u n d 10 5 is t ..
(4) — 1 6 1 2 — 1 0 ,2 4 A k g / c m 2 ( F a l i Ę , (5 ) ffd7.ui = i8 8 x — 1 1 ,9 4 ^ k g / c m 2 ( F a li I I ) .
E i n f a c b e r i s t e s, s t a t t d e r b e id e n F o r m e l n d ie T a f e l I z u b e n u t z e n 3, d ie f i i r je d e s X d u r c h I n t e r p o l a t i o n d a s z u g e h ó r ig e
aivM\ u n d v» w i e d e r g i b t 3.
I n T a f e l I I s in d d ie in G r u p p e n g e t e i l t e n W e r t e v o n fi f iir d ie v e r s c h ie d e n e n P r o f i l t y p e n z u e n t n e h m e n . D ie G r u n d - f o r m e l f i i r d e n g e s u c h t e n Q u e r s c h n i t t is t
(6) F err = a P + fi s | c m 2,
w o a = o , 8 b z w . 0 ,7 i m F a l i I b z w . I I , P in T o n n e n u n d s K in M e t e r z u s e t z e n is t . D i e F o r m e l (6) g i b t f i i r }. < 4 0 u . X > 10 5 , W e r t e , d ie e t w a s h ó h e r a is n o t w e n d i g a u s fa lle n , D i e I<'orm el s e lb s t a b e r z e i g t f i i r F a l i I u n d I I m i t g e n u g e n d e r S c h a r fe d ie s e G r e n z e n v o n 7. a n . I s t n a m lic h d e r e r s t e S u m m a n d u m d a s u f a c h e k l e i n e r a is d e r z w e i t e , so i s t d ie s e in Z e ic lie n , d a B }.
< 40 is t , u n d d a B s o n a c h m i t trzu, d ie G r o Be F erf b e s t im m t w e r d e n k a n n . I s t d e r z w e i t e S u m m a n d u m 1 ,5 m a i g r o B e r a is d e r e r s te , s o is t A > 10 5 , so d a B n a c h d e r E u le r f o r m e l (7) J 1 ,6 9 P s ^ c m 4 ( F a l i I) u n d
(8 )________ J = 1 ,4 3 P s ^ c m * ( F a l i I I )
2 I n d er „Z u s a m m e n fa s su n g " Z iff. u lie iB te s : „ D ie E x z e n tr iz ita t d es K r a fta n g r iffe s v e r m in d e rt d ie K n ic k la s t b e i ged ru n gen en und m ittle re n S ta b e n m it X < 100 v ie l sta r k e r ais b ei sc h la n k e n ."
3 M it R iic k s ic h t a u f die F u B n o te 2 u n d die E r fa h r u n g kon n te e rw o g en w erd en , ob n ic h t a u c h S ta b e u n d S tiitz e n zu gelassen w erden konnen, dereń A > 150 is t. D o c h m a g d ies beru hen .
414
M0ER1KE, DIE BERECHNUNG VON D R U C K S T A B E N UND STOTZEN A U S S T AHL 37. T a f e l I.DER BAUINGENIEUR 1028 HEFT 2.'!.
A = 0 10 20 3° j 4° 50 60 70 80 90 10 0 10 5 1 1 0 12 0 1 3 0 14 0 1 5 0
a K — E u l e r - T e t m a j e r 3 10 0 2 9 8 6 2 8 7 2
275
82 6 4 42530
2 4 1 6 230 2 2 1 8 8 2 0 74 19 6 0 18 8 0 1 7 1 1 ; 14 4 0 1 2 2 7 10 5 8 , 9 2 1 k g / c m 2 F a n I ( a dm\ k g / c m 2u . f u r c 3)5 \ v0
120 0 2,58
1 2 0 0 j 12 0 0
2,49j
2,39 12 0 02 ,3 0 120 0
2 ,2 0 1 1 0 0
2 ,3 0 998 2 ,4 2
895 2,57
793
2 ,7 6
6 goj 588
3,0°: 3,34 537 3,50
489
3,50
4 1 1
3,50 35°
3,50
302
3,5°
263; k g ,/cm 23>5°i
F a l i I I { S /Cma
* vO
14 0 0 1140 0 S140 0 2 ,2 1 ; 2 ,1 3 ! 2 ,0 5 * ^ O O Os
0 I4OO 1 ,8 9
1 2 8 4
1.97
1 1 6 4 2,0 8
1045 2 ,2 0
' 925
2,37
Soój 6 8 7
2,57!
2,85 6 2 7 3,oo
571 3
,00480
3,0°
409
3,°°
353 3-00
3 °7
3.00 k g / c m 2 _
T a f e l I I .
1 2 3 4 j 5 1 2 3 4 5
L fd . N r.
Q u ersch n ittsfo rm j F c m -
P a • L fd .
Nr.
Q u ersch n ittsfo rm
N r. F cm 2 p a
la ) 1 : 1 16 /1,5—
i r 10/1,0— 7/0.7
> < 6,5/0,7— 4,5/00 Ó
92,2— 42,4 38.4— 18,8 17.4 — 8,6
2,2 2,4 1 2,6 1 '■
—
8
9
1 : 1 (13/1,2 + 30/1,0)
— j r f1 1 /1 -0 + 25/1.0)
> < (10/1,0 + 25/1,0)
<5 (6,5/0,7 + 15/0,8)
| 90,0— 67,4
} 63,4— 29,4
3.7 4,5
—
Ib ) 16 /1,7— n / r ,2
10/1,2— 7/0,9 6,5/0,9— 4,5/0,7
103,6— 50,2 45.4— 23.8 22,0— 1 1 ,7
2.6 3,2 3.7
JL 4 V 5
> < 30— 24
” 22— 20
18— 12 10— 8 6,5— 5
183,0— 154,6 i 5 r ,6 1 1 7 .6 — 84,6
74,8— 64,4 56.0— 34,0 27.0— 22,0 15.0 6— 14,24
5.3 6,6 3.3 3.1 2,7 2,0 i ,5
— IC) ,, 16 /1,9 — 1 1 / 1 ,4
10/1,4— 7/1,1 6 ,5 / 1,1— 5,5/1,0 5,0/0,9— 4.5/o,9
r 15,0— 58,0 52,4— 28,6 26,34— 20,14 16,48— 14,68
2,9 3,6 4,3
4,8 10 a 40— 35
_> <_ 32— 22 20— 16
f i , 14— 10
J y i l l J * 8— 6,5 5
iS 3 ,o — 154,6 15 1,6 — 74,8
64,4— 48,0 40,8— 27,0 22,0— lS ,o 6
14,24
0,5 0,6 o ,7 0,9 1,5 2,2
24 - 21 1 9 - 13 i i - 9
7 - 5 3 - 2
1 2 a) 2 : 3 10 /1,5/1,2— 5/7,5/0,7
4/6/0,5
> <
<5
■' ' ' 57,4 — 16,66
9.58
1.9 i .4
2b) „ 10 /1,5/1,4— 6,5/10/1,1 5/7,5/o,9 — 4/6/0,7
66,4— 34,2 21,0-- 13,1
2,2 2,0
I I N P 60
T 55— 45
42 y2— 36 34— 27 26— 13 12— 8
2 13 — 147254 132— 97,1 86,8—57,2 53,4— 16 ,1 14,2— 7,58
7.9 7.4 6,8 6.2 5.6 5.3
— 3 a) 2 : 3 10/15/1,2— 8/12/1,0
~ l l 6,5/10/0,9-5/7,5/0,7
> < 4/6/0,8
57.4— 38,2 28.4— 16,66
9,58
4.2 5.0 4.3
—
12 508— 99,4
92.2— 36,6 32.2— 1 5 ,16
0.55 0,6 0,8
4 6 -2 0 19 —11 1(1,1 6,2 3 1>) „ 10/15/1,4— 8/12/1,2
6 ,5/10 /1,1— 4/6/0,7
66,4— 45,4 34,2— 13,1
5.0 6.1
1 1 24— 14
> < 1 3 - 8 a
J y ^ l Jx 4 a) 1 : 2 10/20/1,4— 8/16/1,2
i r 6,5/13/1,0— 5/10/0,8
> < 4/8/0 ,6
<5
80,6—55,0 37,2— 23,0
13.78
3.0 2,7 2,2
— J 3 T p 65
60— 55 50— 45 42/2— 36 34— 22 . 20—18 16 — 14
297 288.9—263,3 255, 3— 231,6 212 ,0—19 1,5 1 73.9— 9 i , i
82,7—64,8 57,5— 43,4
3.5 3,2 2.6 2.1 1.6 1,9 2.2
—
4 b) 10/20/1,6— 8/16/1,4
6,5/13/1,2— 5/i o/i,o 4/8/0,5
9 1,4 — 63,6 44,2— 28,2
18,02
3-2 3.o 2,5
—
5 a) 1 : 2 10/20/1,4
j j- 8/16/1,2— 6,5/13/1,0
> < 5/10/0,8
<5 4/8/0,6
80,6 55,0 — 37,2
23,0 13,78
6,5 7,2 7.8 7.1
—
M T T i ’ 60— 50
> < 471/2— 40
a 38— 30
J y > J x- 28— 22 20---14
578 — 5 1 1 4 7 1 — 4 17 389 — 308 287,2— 182,2 165,4— 86,8
0,6 o ,7 0,9 1,2 1.4
48—40 3 8 - 3 1 a g b
5 b) ,, 10/20/1,6— 6,5/13/1,2 5/10/1,0— 4/8/0,8
9 1,4 — 44,2 28,2—18,02
8,0
9.7 — 15 - n 60— 55
50— 45 42 /2— 36 34— 14
300,6—288,0 26 1.8 — 229,3 2 13 .9 — 18 1,5 167,4— 39.8
3.9 3, i 2,4 1.9
—
6 a) 16/1,5— 5,0/0,5
».><■*
92,2—9,6
• -1
i ,5 —
16 J J D 60—50 601 —524 0,6 4 8 -3 9
6b) 16/1,7—11/1,2
10/1,2—6/0,8 5,5/0,8— 4/0,6
103,6— 50,2 45,4—18,06 16,46—8,96
: >6 1,9 2,3 :
> < 4 7 V2— 40
a 38—24
J y ^ J x 22— I4
484 — 407 382 — 194 165,2— 79,6
0,8 1,0 1,2
3 8 - 3 1 3 0 -2 4 22—14
r 7 20/10— 18/9
= r = 16/8 — 12/6 10/5 — 9/4,5
8/4 — 7/3.5
90,8 — 74,0 59.0 — 34,0 24.0 — 20,4 15,82— 11,88
3.6 3,3 2,8 2.6
6c) 16/1,9— 11/1,4 —
10/1,4— 7/1,1 6 ,5 / 1,1— 4.5/0,9
1 15 ,0 — 58,0 52,4—28,6 26,34— 14,68
1,8 2,3 2,7 j
—
7 a) J 1 16/1,5— 6/0,6
nr
184,4—27,64 2,0 — 18 _ / 0 _ 1 1 — 9
“ W ” 7 Yz—6
48.4— 35.8 26.4— 18,7
0,6
0,8 —
19 a) • A 15 /1,2 — 5/0,4
V
178,4— 29,8 0,8 —
7 b) ,, 16 /1,7—4/0.6 207,2— 17,9 2,3 1 —
19 b) .vi
15 /1,8 — 10/1,2 71/2/1,0— 5/0,8
250,4— 120,0
80,0— 48,0 1,1
M ! —
7 °) ,, 16/1,9— 6/1.0 230,0— 44,28 2,6 —
BER IUTJINOENIEtnt
1928 HEFT-23. MOER1KE, DIE BERECHNUNG YON DRUCKSTABEN UND STOTZEN AUS STAHL 37. 415
z u r e c lin e n is t . W e r d e n b e id e R e g e ln v c r s e h e n t li c h n i c h t b e - a c h t e t , so h a t d ie s f i i r d ie S i c h e r h e i t k e in e B e d e u t u n g .
F i i r d ie B e n u t z u n g d e r F o r m e l (6) g i l t n u n fo lg e n d e A n - w e i s u n g :
D e r g e s u c h t e Q u e r s c h n i t t F is t F err z u w a h le n . W i r d e r a u s n a h m s w e is e k le in e r g e n o m m e n , so i s t d ie P r o b e a u f v u . j'0 d e r T a f e l I m i t d e r M a B g a b e e r f o r d e r lic h , d a B e in A b - m a n g e l v o n v g e g e n iib e r v o n i»0 b is z u 2 % a ls b e la n g ło s z u la s s ig is t (s. B e i s p i e l 2). D ie s e lb e P r o b e i s t f i i r , s o l c h e Q u e r - s c h n i t t e a u s ż u f u h r ę n , f i i r w e lc h e in T a f e l I I fi - W e r t e n ic h t a u f g e n o n n n e n s in d . D i e K n o t e n b le c h s t ś ir k e d is t in T a f e l I I z u 14 m m a n g e n o m m e n ; is t ó s c h w a c h e r , so k a n n b e i d e n s c h w a c h e r e n P r o f ile n v o n K r . 1 b is 5 d e r T a f e l I I d ic Y ó r - n a h m e d e r P r o b e v e r l a n g t w e r d e n (s. B e i s p i e l 4).
T a f e l I I .
B e i w e r t e fi f i i r n o r m a l e P r o f i l e i s e n .
B c m e r k u n g : P r o f i le , d ie in 3- b z w . 2 f a c h e r S t a r k ę g e w a l z t w e r d e n , s in d m it d e n I t id ic e s a ) , b) u n d c) d e r S t a r k ę n a c h g e k e n n z e ic h n e t . D i e K n o t e n b l e c h s t a r k e is t m i t <5— 14 m m a n g e n o m m e n . a is t b e i N r . 10 d e r li c h t e A b s t a n d d e r S te g e , b e i N r . 1 2 , 1 4 u r*d 1 6 d e r d e r S t e g m i t t e n ; b i s t d ie F la n s c h e n - b r e i t e . I n N r . 7, 1 7 , 18 u n d 1 9 is t d e r A b s t a n d d e r D o p p e lp r o file v o n e in a n d e r : = o. :— N r . 13 u n d 14 s in d b r e i l - u n d p a r a ll e l- f la n s c b ig e I p - E i s e n ( D I N 10 2 5 B I. 2) m i t n o r m a le m S t e g ; N r . 14 b is 1 8 d ie s e r P r o f i le h a b e n 9 % N e i g u n g d e r F la n s c h e n . N r. 1 5 u n d x6 s in d b r e i t f l a n s c h i g e I D - E i s e n m it n o r m a le m S t e g . — I n N r . 8 b e z i e h t s ic h d a s e r s t e G lie d d e r K l a m i n e r in S p a l t e 2 a u f d ie W i n k e l 1 : 1 , d a s z w e i t e a u f d ie P l a t t e . ( B e n u t z e d ie im „ T a s c h e n b u c h d e s S t a h lw e r k \ e r b a n c lc s A .- G ., 6 . A u f l . j S . 16 0 , h i e r h e r g e h o r ig e n W i n k e l u n d P i a t te n .)
A u B e r m i t t i g e r K r a f t a n g r i f f , A u s s t e i f u n g g e g l i e d e r t e r S t a b e .
I s t d ie e in z u h a lt e n d e R a n d s p a n n u n g a^ — 120 0 b z w . 140 0 k g / c m 2 f i i r P a l l I b z w . IT. M d a s B ie g u n g s m o m e n t u n d W d a s W id e r s t a n d s m o m e n t , so is t u n t e r B e r u c k s i c h t i g u n g d e r D u r c h b i e g u n g 4)
(9 )
_£ _|_ 4 . M k g / c m 2 (s. B e i s p i e l 5 ).
I- 200 W W ^
( i > )
K M
e t w a s h o h e r e S i c h e r h e i t a ls fiir d e n G e s a m t s t a b v e r k u ig e n , a ls o e in e G r u n d s ic h e r h e it ;'<,== 4 ,0 b z w . 3 ,5 f i i r F a l i I b z w . II (s. T a f e l I I I ) , d ie W e r t e v o n s in d in d e r T a f e l I I I ftir A > 2 3 ,6 u n d A < 10 5 n a c h d e r F o r m e l = 1 4 1 2 . - 8 , 9 7 A k g / c m - b e r e c h n e t .
D e r A b s t a n d d e r in n e r n A n s c h lu B h i e t e d e r B i n d e b le c h e u n d V 'e r g it t e r u n g e n is t
(12 ) u n d (1 3)
B e i g e g lie d e r t e n S t a b e n u n d S t i i t z e n w e r d e n d ie E i n z e l - s t a b e s t a r k e r g e d r u c k t a ls b e i g le ic h m a B ig e r V e r t e i l u n g d e r L a s t a u f d e n E i n z e l s t a b e n t fie le . B e i 2 s t u fig e n D r u c k s t a b e u is t
. 68 h
(TO) Pl== P I36h ~ s K
fu r w e i t g e s p r e i z t e u n d
• 3 6 1
2 7 2 i ~ s K
f iir e n g s t e h e n d e , w o h d e r A b s t a n d d e r S c h w e r p u n k t e d e r
Einzelstabe
so , d a B J v Ł J x .D a d ie K r o h n s c h e F o r m e l n u r in n e r h a lb d e s u n e la s t is c h e n B e r e i c h s g i l t u n d n u r a b g e s c h a t z t e W e r t e g i b t , so g e h e n w ir s ic h e r , w e n n w i r f i i r d ie K n i c k u n g d e s E i n z e l s t a b e s e in e u m
•* S. P reu B . B estim m u n g e n v o m 24. D ez. i g i g , Z c n tr.B l. ci.
B a u v . 1920, S. 49. — B e im to -Y e rfa h re n d er B estim m u n g en v on i 25. Febr. 1925 is t ftir S ta h l 37 u n d 48 d as erste G lied m it co m ulti- p liz ie r t , w a h ren d beim G uB cisen co w e g fiillt. D iese V ersch ie d e n h e it d e r B erech n u n g ist sch w er v erstiln d lich .
'u ( . j ś - . . . - £ )
(
15 8 - 98:)
c m f i i r F a l i I
c m f i i r F a l i I I ,
w o i1( F x u n d P x s i c h a u f d e n E i n z e l s t a b b e z ie h e n (s. B e i s p i e l 3 u n d 6 a ) . I m e la s t i s c h e n B e r e ic h d e s G e s a m t s t a b e s , a ls o fiir A > 10 5 , k a n n m i t g e r iiig e n d e r S i c h e r h e i t P j = 0 ,8 P g e s e t z t w e r d e n . S t r e n g g e n o m m e n w a r e n c li0 u n d c 3,5 n a c h d e r F o r m e l
( H ) u n cl
'•
1.0 l_Jx_
L 9 P i
fiir F a l i I
(*5 ) c 3,3 =
z u b e r e c h n e n , s o b a k i
i, ! J l f i i r F a l
1 ,6 9 1 \ II
> J05 ist; doc h ge be n F o r m e l ( u ) u n d (13 ) n a h e z u d ie s e ! I>xm u n d z w a r d ie k le in e r e n W e r t e .
B e i s p i e l c .
1. D e r 2,0 111 la n g e D r u c k s t a l ) e in e s F a c h w e r k s a u s 2 g e - k r e u z t e n W i n k e ln r : i (s. T a f e l I I N r . 6 b ) b e s t e h e n d , h a t d ic K r a f t P = 2 0 ,0 t a u f z u n e h m e n ; w e lc h e n Q u e r s e h n i t t F h a t e r im B e l a s t u n g s f a l l I z u e r h a lt e n ?
N a c h F o r m e l (6) 1 ,9 • 2 ,o 5 = 2 3 ,6 c m 2.
u n d T a f e l I I 6 h is t I-’,.
— W a h l e 2
o ,8 • 2 0 ,0 j- 7 • 7 • 0 ,9 m it F — 2 3 ,8 c m 2 . D a d ie F o r m e l (6) d ie e r f o r d e r lic h e S ic h e r h e it !■<> d e r T a f e l 1.
v e f b u r g t , s o is t d ie P r o b e e n t b e h r lic h . W i r d s ie d e n n o c h a u s g e f u h r t , s o i s t i — 2 ,6 4 c m u n d A = 7 5 ,6 . N a c h F o r m e l (3) is t <rK =b 3 x0 0 — 860 = 2 2 4 0 k g / c m 2, a — P “ 840 kg/cm '-,
a ls o v — = 2 ,6 7 . N a c h T a f e l I is t f iir A = 7 5 ,6 v 0 = 2 ,6 7 . D ie P r o b e s t im m t .
W a h l e n w i r s t a t t d e m m i t t e l s t a r k e n P r o f i l 6 b ) d a s S p i t z e n - p r o fil 6 a ), d a s b e i g r o B e r e r S c h l a n k h e i t w i r t s c h a f t l i c l i v o r z u - z ie h e n is t , w a s s ic h o h n e w e i t e r e s in d e m k le in e r e n fi z u e r k e n n e n g i h t , so is t P ,,rf == 0,8 ■ 20 ,0 - f x ,5 • 2 , o 2 = .22,0 c m 2; w a h le 2 | 7 ,5 • 7 ,5 • 0 ,8 m i t F = 2 3 ,0 c m 2, i = 2 ,8 5 c m , A — 70 ,0 ,
~ 2 3° 2 . — 8 7 0 k g / c m 2, v — 2 ,6 3 u n d r0 = 2 ,5 7 . D ie P r o b e s t i m m t m i t 0 ,0 6 O b e r s c liu B ; d a b e i i s t d a s S p i t z e n p r o f i l u m 3 ,6 % l e i c h t e r . — B e i m w - V e p a l i r e n h a t t e d a s S p i t z e n p r o fil m i t allzul — 1 2 1 0 lig / c m 2 g e r a d e n o c h a u s g e r e ic h t .
2 . E i n e 3 ,0 m h o h e S t i i t z e a ils I N P h a t d ie L a s t P = 60,0 t z u t r a g e n ; W e l c h e N u m in e r is t im B e l a s t u n g s f a l l I z u w a h le n ?
N a c h T a f e l I I N r . r i i s t F erf = 0,8 • 60,0 + 6 ,8 • 3 ,o 2 = 4.8,0 - f 6 1 ,2 = 1 0 9 ,2 c m 2. W i r h a t t e n a ls o N r . 40 m i t F = 1 1 8 c m 2 z u w a h l e n ; d a s n a c h s t s c h w a c h e r e P r o f i l N r . 38 m i t F = 10 7 c m 2 k o m m t F erf z ie n ilic h n a h e . D a d e r z w e i t e S u m m a n d u m r d . ,x,3 m a i g r o B e r i s t a ls d e r e r s t e S u m m a n d , so b e a c h t e n w i r n a c h o b ig e m , d a B h ie r d ie V o r n a h m e d e r P r o b e m i t N r . 38 a n g e z e i g t is t . S ie e r g i b t m it i = 3 ,0 2 c m , A = 9 9 ,3 , crK = 19 6 8
T a f e l I I I .
A = O TO 2 0 2 3 ,6 30 40 50
1
60 : 70 80 90 10 0 10 5 ; n o 1 2 0 1 3 0 1 4 0
1 !
f iir c4j0 ( <ti17U| k g / c m 2 I20 0 j 120 0 2 ó 8 2 , 4 9
120 0 2,39
1 2 0 0 ,1 1 4 3 2 ,3 6 2 ,4 1
1054 2. 5 *
96 4 2,6 2
874 j 784 2 , 7^! 2.94
C95 3.15
605 3.43
5 1 5 ( 4 7 0 4 2 8 3 , 8 0 ; 4 , 0 0 ; 4 , 0 0
3 6 0 4 , 0 0
3 0 7 ’ 2 6 5 230 ; k g / c m 2 4 , 0 0 4 , 0 0 4 , 0 0
416 MOERIKE, D IE BERECHNUNG VON DRUCKSTABEN UND STUTZEN AUS STAHL 37. DBR BAUINGENIEUR 1928 HEFT 23.
a := 56 2 k g / c m 2, v — 3 ,5 0 u n d i>0 = 3 ,3 4 . D a s le ic h t e r e P r o f i l d a s B a u g e s u c h iib r ig e n s e n t b e h r lic h e P r o b e g i b t b e i i = 9,220 111, g e n i i g t a ls o . — D a s a > -V e rfa h re n h a t t e d ie u m 10 ,2 %
s c h w e r c r e N r . 40 v e r l a n g t .
3. E i n e 3 ,6 m h o h e S t i i t z e , a u s 2 C - E is e n n a c h N r . 10 T a f e l I I b e s t e h e n d , l i a t d ie L a s t P = r o ,o t z u t r a g e n ( F a li I), g e s u c h t d e r Q u e r s c h n i t t u n d d e r A b s t a n d d e r V e r b i n d u n g s - b le c h e .
E s i s t F erf — 0,8 • 10 ,0 -f- 1 ,5 • 3 ,6 2 = 8 - f 1 9 ,5 = 2 7 ,5 c m 2, H ie r i s t d e r z w e i t e S u m m a n d e r h e b lic h g r ó G e r a is d e r e r s t e , so d a C F o r m e l (7) J = 1 ,6 9 • r o ,o • 3 ,6 2 = 2 1 9 c m 4 g i b t . W a h le N r . 10 m i t j = 4 1 2 c m '1 u n d F = 2 7 ,0 c m 2. — W a r e n a c h d e m c o -V e r fa h r e n m it d e n G e h le r s c h e n „ G e b r a u c h s f o r m e l n " g e - r e c h n e t w o r d e n , so h a t t e n w i r e r s t m i t d e m d r i t t e n V e r s u c h d ą s r i c h t i g e P r o f i l e r h a l t e n 5). G e b r a u c h s fo r m e ln , d e r e ń U r s p r u n g a u f e in e n m . E . n i c h t g e lu n g e n e n V e r s u c h z u r Y ę r b e s ś e r u n g d e s / J -V e rfa h re n s z u r u c k z u f i i h r e n is t , k o n n e n u n m o g lic h d ie R e c h e n a r b e i t a b k i i r z e n ; s ic fin d e n d a h e r a u c h in d e r P r a x i s so g u t w i e k e in e A n w e n d u n g . — N a c h
, " 68 • 8
F o r m e l (10) is t b e i ix = 1 ,4 7 u n d h = 8 c m P t = 10 ,0
= 7 ,5 t u n d n a c h ( t a ) d e r A b s t a n d 7 ,5 \
I = 1 ,3 9 c m . N a c h I 3 Ó >
r i = 4 5 c n l g e w o r d e n .
— /o 1
( 1 5 8 -
d e r
1 3 6 ,8 — 360 N ie t e — 1 ,4 7
c m 2 e r g i b t
ó s c h w e r e r e 1 2 4 0 <
'a sii
^ _ d e n ,, B e s t i m m u n g e n '
w a r e c = 30 • 1
4. D e r 2 ,3 m la n g e S t a b d e s O b e r g u r t e s e in e s D a c h b in d e r s h a t 4 0 ,0 t D r u c k ( F a li I I ) a u f z u n e h m e n . W e lc h e s W i n k e l p a a r 2 : 3 ( n a c h T a f e l I I N r . 2 a) i s t z u w a lile n ?
E s is t F t,rf = 0 ,7 • 40 ,0 - f i , 9 • 2 ,3 2 = 38 ,0 c m 2. W a h le s o n a c h 2] 8 / 1 2 / 1 ,0 m i t 3 8 ,2 c m 2. W e n n d ie lib r ig e n s e n t b e h r lic h e P r o b e g e m a c h t w ir d , so is t i = 3 ,4 9 c m , ?. = 6 6 ,0 , crK = 2 3 5 ° , o — i o 45 k g / c m 2, v = 2 2 ,4 u n d v0 = 2 ,1 5 , a ls o b r a u c h b a r . D a s s e lb e b e im c o -Y e r fa h re n e r g i b t crdzul = 1 ,4 1 ■ 10 4 5 = i 4 8 o >
140 0 , a ls o u n g e n t ig e n d ; e r s t d a s u m 1 W i n k e l p a a r 2 ( 8 / 1 2 / 1 ,2 m it 45,4
14 0 0 k g / c m 2.
W e n n w i r d ie K n o t e n b l e c h s t a r k e d e r P r o f i l e 2 j 8 / 12 / 1,0 n u r z u 12 r a m s t a t t <5 = 1 4 m m d e r T a f e l I I a n g e n o m m e n h a t t e n , so h a t t e d ie s e S c h w a c h u n g b e i d e n s t a r k e n W i n k e l- p a a r e n w i e h i e r n i c h t s z u s a g e n g e h a b t ; e s l i a t t e s ic h v = 2 ,2 3 u n d j>0 = 2 , 1 7 e r g e b e n .
5 . G e g e b e n e in F a e h w e r k m i t d e m B e l a s t u n g s f a l l I I , d e s s e n w a g e r e c h t e r O b e r g u r t b e i s k = 2 ,5 m ' L a n g e u n d 5 6 ,0 t D r u c k e in B ie g u n g s m o m e n t , d u r c h l o t r e c h t e L a s t v e r a n la B t , M = 680 000 k g c m , m i t t e l s t e in e s I N P a u f z u n e h m e n h a t 5).
G e s u c h t i s t d e r Q u e r s c h n i t t b e i a,. < 14 0 0 k g / c m 2.
E s is t n a c h F o r m e l (6) u . T a f e l I I N r . 1 1 F erf = 0 ,7 ■ 5 6 ,0 - f 6 ,2 • 2 ,5 2 = 3 9 ,2 + 3 8 ,8 = 7 8 ,0 c m 2. L a g e k e in e A u f ie r - m i t t i g k e i t d e r K r a f t v o r , so w iir d e N r . 32 m i t F = 7 7 ,8 c m 2 a u s r e ic h e n . W i r g r e if e n d a h e r z u N r . 36 m i t F = 9 7 ,1 c m 2 in d e r E r w a r t u n g , d a B d a s M e h r a n Q u e r s c h n i t t f l a c h e d a s M a u f n i m m t . D i e P r o b e , d ie b e i a u B e r m i t t i g e m K r a f t a n g r i f f s t e t s z u e r f o lg e n h a t , e r g i b t n a c h F o r m e l (9) m i t W = g 2 3 c m 3
5 6 0 0 0 7 0 0 0 0 6 8 0 0 0 0 „
oy = --- \- — — - i --- --- = 1 2 7 0 < 14 0 0 k g / c m - , a ls o
9 7 ,1 10 8 9 10 8 9
z u la s s ig . — D a s c o -V e r fa h r e n h a t t e d a s u m 2 1 ,5 % s c h w e r e r e P r o f i l N r . 40 e r g e b e n .
6. Z u m V e r g l e i c h m ó g e n m e h r e r e Q u e r s c h n i t t s t y p e n f iir S t i i t z e n , d ie b e i e in e r L a n g e s K = 5 ,0 m e in e L a s t P = 80,0 t z u t r a g e n h a b e n , n a c h F a l i I h e r a n g e z o g e n w e r d e n . -
a) T y p u s N r . 10 m i t 2 C - E is e n . — E s is t F erf = 0 ,8 • 80,0 + o , 6 - 5 ,o 2 = 6 4 ,0 + 1 5 ,0 = 7 9 ,0 c m 2. W a h l e 2 N r . 2 4 m it 8 4 ,6 c m * u n d A b s t a n d a 5 14 c m m it h Ł 1 8 c m . — • D ie f iir
A = 5 4 ,2 , <rK = 2480 , cr = 9 5 0 k g / c m 2, v = 2 ,6 0 u n d v0 = 2 ,3 5 , a ls o r e ic h lic h a u s r e ic h e n d . — D a s a > -V e rfa h re n l i e f e r t d a s s e lb e P r o f il. — D e r A b s t a n d d e r in n e r e n A n s c h lu B n i e t e d e r B in d e -
68 ■ 18
b le c h e i s t b e i P , = 8 0 ,0 --- — = 80,0 ■ 0 ,6 3 = 50,4 t
1 3 6 • 18 — 300 J J ^
u n d ij = 2 ,4 2 c = 2 ,4 2 ( 1 5 8 — 1 1 2 — — ) = 58 c m .
\ 4 2 , 3 /
b) T y p u s N r . 1 1 m i t I N P . — - E s i s t F erf = 0,8 • 800 + 6 ,2 • 5 ,o 2 = 64 + 1 5 5 = 2 1 9 c m 2. D a d e r z w e i t e S u m m a n d e r h e b lic h g r o f ie r a is d e r e r s t e is t , so g i b t F o r m e l 7 : J =
1 ,6 9 • 80,0 • 5 ,o 2 = 338 0 c m 4 ; w a h le N r . 5 5 m i t J = 34 8 8 c n r 1 u n d F ==' 2 1 3 c m 2. — D a s c o -V e r fa h r e n h a t t e d a s u m 1 9 , % s c h w e r e r e P r o f i l N r . 60 e r g e b e n .
c) T y p u s N r . 12 m i t 2 J N P . — E s is t F erf = 0,0 • 80,0 -f-.
0 ,6 ■ 5 , o 2 = 7 9 ,0 c m 2; w a h l e 2 N r . 22 m i t F = 7 9 ,2 c m 2. ....
D a s a ) - V e r fa h r e n h a t t e d a s u m 7 ,8 % s c h w e r e r e D o p p e lp r o f ii N r . 23 e r g e b e n .
d) T y p u s N r . 1 3 m i t I P . — F erf = 0 ,8 • 80 ,0 + 1 ,6 • 5 ,o 2 — 10 4 c m 2; w a h le N r . 24 m i t F = 1 1 1 , 3 c m 2, d a s r e ic h lic h a u s - r e i c h t u n d v = 3 ,0 1 g e g e n i*0 = 2 ,8 1 e r g i b t . — D a s w - V e r fa h r e n lie f e r t d ie s e lb e N u m m e r , d a s <Tdxul= i X 9 0 < 12 0 0 k g / c m 2 r e ic h t g e r a d e n o c h a u s .
e) T y p u s N r . i g a ) m i t 4 d iin n w a n d ig e n Q u a d r a n t e is e n . — F erf = 0,8 • 80,0 -(- 0,8 • 5 ,o 2 = 8 4 ,0 c m 2 ; w a h le N r . 10 m it F — 88,0 c m 2, d a s r e ic h lic h a u s r e i c l i t (v = 2 ,6 6 g e g e n i<0 = 2 ,4 7 ). — B e i m £ o -V e rfa h re n r e i c h t d ie s e N u m m e r g e r a d e n o c h m i t <rdzul = r i 8 o < 1 2 0 0 k g / c m 2 a u s .
f) B e s t e h t d ie S t i i t z e a u s 4 im Q u a d r a t m i t d e r S e it e n - liin g e m a n g e o r d n e t e n W i n k e l n 1 : 1 , so k a n n g e n t ig e n d g e n a u f iir m ^ 25 c m i = m — 8 c m a n g e n o m m e n w e r d e n , d ie a u f d e n E i n z e l s t a b e n t f a lle n d e L a s t P j is t a u s F o r m e l (10 ) z u b e r e c h n e n , w o b e i d e r B r u c h w e g e n d e r 4 S t a b e i m - Q u a d r a t e in z u s e t z e n is t.
N e h m e n w i r m = 30 c m , s o w i r d P j = 80 • o ,6 2 = 2 8 ,8 t ,
0 8 s ____________
F i =
1 ,2 2 4 ,0 c m 2, a ls o f iir 4 | 1 1 / 1 1 / 1 , 2 = 4 - 2 5 , 1 =
S. 47.
S. „ D e u t s c h e s B a u w e se n " 1927, S. 207, B eisp . 6 u n d 1928
10 0 ,4 t m - .
W ir d v o n d e n o b ig e n 6 S t i i t z e n d ie W a h l d e s P r o f ils le d i g li c h n a c h d e m G e w i c h t b e s t i m m t , s o s t e h e n d ie T y p e n c , a u n d e m i t 7 9 ,2 , 8 4 ,6 u n d 8 8 ,o c m 2 im V o r d e r g r u n d ; w ir d j e d o c h d a s G e w i c h t d e r Y e r b i n d u n g s b l e c h e u n d d ie N i e t a r b e i t b e r i i c k s i c h t i g t , s o k a n n d e r T y p d m i t i i i c m 2 v o r t e i l h a f t e r s e in .
— D a s c o -V e r fa h r e n l i e f e r t d ie s e lb e n o d e r u m e in e N u m m e r s c h w e r e r e P r o f i l e ; d a s t a s t e n d e u n d m iih s a m e A u f s u c h e n d e r P r o f i l e m i t o d e r o h n e Z u h ilf e n a h m e d e r „ G e b r a u c h s f o r m e l n "
k o m m t b e im / }-Y 'e rfa h re n in W e g f a l l .
D e r V e r f a s s e r g l a u b t , m i t d e m ^ - V e r fa h r e n f iir d ie B e r e c h n u n g d e r K 1 1 ic k s ta .b e im E i s e n h o c h b a u e in e n a m h a f t e V e r - e i n f a c h u n g o h n e S c h a d i g u n g d e r S i c h e r h e i t d e r K o n s t r u k t i o n e r r e ic h t z u h a b e n ; e s w ir d n u n S a c h e d e r fiih r e n d e n T e c h n i k e r u n d E i s e n b a u f i r m e n s e in , S t e l l u n g z u n e h m e n . F a l l t d a s U r t e i l , lo s g e ló s t v o n S o n d e r in t e r e s s e n , g i i n s t i g a u s , so k a n n m i t A u s s i c h t . a u f E r f o l g a n d ie d e u t s c h e n R e g ie r u n g e n m i t d e m A n t r a g h e r a n g e t r e t e n w e r d e n , d a s /5- V e r f a h r e n n e b e n d e m c o -V e r fa h r e n b e i ih r e n B a u p o li z e i b e h o r d e n a is g l e i c h b e r e c h t i g t z u z u la s s e n . Z e i g t es s ic h d a n n im L a u f d e r J a h r e , d a fl d ie P r a x i s s ic h m i t V o r l i e b e d e s e in e n o d e r d e s a n d e r n V e r f a h r e n s b e d ie n t , s o i s t e s im m e r n o c h Z e i t , e in e d u r c h g a n g i g e V e r e in - h e i t l i c h u n g z u g u n s t e n d e s e in e n o d e r d e s a n d e r e n V e r f a h r e n s a n z u s t r e b e n ; d a n n m o g e n a u c h f i i r d e n h o c h w e r t i g e n S t a h l , s o fe r n e r s ic h in g r ó fie r e m U m f a n g e a is b is h e r im H o c h b a u e in g e b i i r g e r t h a t , a h n li c h e T a f e l n b e k a n n t g e g e b e n w e r d e n . D i e s e s p a t e r e S o r g e s o l l t e a b e r d ie P r o b e f i i r d e n S t a h l 3 7 n i c h t w e i t e r h i n h a lt e n .
is t d a d u r c h b e m e r k e n s w e r t , d a !3 f iir d a s g e s a m t e T r a g w e r k P f e ilh ó h e v o n 2 1 ,5 m h a b e n u n d s ic h 1 1 , 5 m iib e r d ie F a h r b a h n
łilWriAi
A bb. 8. (J b irsic h t der H a fe n b riick e
m i t A u s n a h m e d e s b e w e g lic h e n T e ils d e r H a f e n b r i i c k e r e in e e r h e b e n , A b b . g . D ie A b m e s s u n g e n s in d 1,2 0 m B r e i t e , 1,8 0 m E i s e n b e t o n k o n s t r u k t i o n e n v o r g e s c h la g e n w e r d e n . D ie L i n ie n - H o h e im S c h e i t e l u n d 2 ,8 0 m a n d e n K a m p f e r n . D ie B o g e n f iih r u n g f o l g t im a llg e m e in e n d e m E n t w u r f e d e s S t a d t - s in d s t a r r in d e n P f e ile r n e in g e s p a n n t , ih r A b s t a n d b e t r a g t in g e n ie u r s , z u r V e r b i n d u n g m it
d e m H a fe n g e la n d e w e r d e n a u f d e r S e e la n d s e it e R a m p e n , a u f d e r A m a g e r s e i t e A u f z i i g e f i i r W a g e n u n d P e r s o n e n v o r g e s e h c n . D ie C b e r b r i i c k u n g d e s E is e n b a h n g e -
la n d e s g e s c h ie h t d u r c h E is e n - a j H o u p ttrd g erl E n d sfilck b e t o n b a lk e n v o n 1 9 — 2 1 m S t i i t z -
w e it e , d ie y o r h a n d e n e B r u c k e s o li a b g e b r o c h e n w e r d e n . D ie R a m p e n
b e id e r s e it s d e r H a f e n b r i i c k e w e r d e n --- v o n E i s e n b e t o n r i p p e n b o g e n m i t ---- ---... ... — - — — 3 G e le n k e n v o n e t w a 48 m L i c h t - z ™ z E E E 5 ^ v y v * w e it e g e t r a g e n , a lle d ie s e B a u - - = = = = = = = = w e r k e h a b e n f r e ie F a h r b a h n . D ie
f e s t e n Ó f fn u n g e n v o n j e 80 m
W e i t e d e r H a f e n b r u c k e w e is e n ^ Os. = - = —r - f- f- - - 0 ^ v /--- --- / / / h o c h lie g e n d e E i s e n b e t o n b o g e n m i t \ v \ . ---
V e r s t e i f u n g s b a l k e n u n t e r d e r F a h r - Z I Z Z Z Z ^ S ') Ł / b a h n a u f, d ie D u r c h la O ó f fn u n g Z Z Z Z ~ Ź ? - . Z [ Z f e n t h a l t e in e z w e if lu g e lig e K l a p p - ‘i
b r u c k e , d ie in g e s c h lo s s e n e m Z u - | / / ' s t a n d e a i s D r e ig e le n k b o g e n w i r k t i u &
( A b b . 8). i!/ U
D ie s e h r s o r g f a l t i g e b a u l ic h e D u r c h b i l d u n g d e r T r a g k o n s t r u k - t io n e n z e i g t v i e l e b e m e r k e n s w e r t e
E in z e lh e i t e n . D ie E is e n b a h n iib e r - ---—S.QM.--- 5*.
b r i i c k u n g b e s t e h t a u s e in e r P l a t t e n - ! b a l k e n k o n s t r u k t i o n m i t 9 L a n g s -
t r a g e r n v o n 2 m A b s t a n d , d a s T r a g w e r k d e r R a m p e n b r i i c k e n a u s B o g e n o f f n u n g e n v o n e t w a 48 m Ś p a n n w e i t e . U n t e r d e r F a h r b a h n u n d d e n R a d f a h r w e g e n d e r R a m p e n s in d 4 E is e n b e t o n w a n d e v o n
3 5 c m D i c k e a n g e o r d n e t , d e r e ń c) F a h r b a h n ló n g s s c h n itt b o g e n fó r m ig e U n t e r k a n t e d u r c h w r r m ń m m e in e G u r t u n g v o n 1 m im G e v i e r t i t
v e r s t e i f t w i r d . D i e D e c k e n p l a t t e ■
i s t 30 c m d i c k . I m e r s t e n B o g e n &
f e l d is t e in e d u r c h g e h e n d e L e i b u n g ę m
v o n 60 c m D i c k e v o r h a n d e n , u m ^ 1,300 d e n K a m p f e r d r u c k a u f d ie d u r c h
la u f e n d e n G e l e n k ą u a d e r g le ic h -
12050
l ) Qu e r sch n itt
moo
A b b . 9. E in z e lh e ite n d er H a fe n b riick e .
W E T T B E W E R B F U R D E N E N T W U R F Z U E IN ER S T R A S S E N B R U C K E U B E R D E N S U D L I C H E N T E IL D E S H A F E N S V O N K O P E N H A G E N .
Vou Prof. Dr.-Ing. K. Polil, Berlin-Charlotieńburg.
( F o r t s e t z u n g v o n S e i t e 400.)
2 . , , B i f r o s t “ . m a B ig z u v e r t e ile n , e in e a h n lic h o V e r s t a r k u n g b e f in d e t s ic h 4- u -nt-1 1 i i 1 t •, , , ' n (l e r D e c k e n p l a t t e a m S c h e i t e l z u r A u f n a h m e d e s d u r c h - V e r f a s s e r D r t e c h n . C h r . N o k k e n t w e d u n d I n g . c a n d . p o l y t . l a u f c n d c n S ć h e it e lg e le n k s .
o . l ^ r n s J e s p e r s e n m K o p e n h a g e n . T-.• , , , Tr r i •• i i
r i ) i e f e s t e n Ó f fn u n g e n d e r H a f e n b r u c k e w e r d e n g e t r a g e n D ie s e r m i t e in e m z w e i t e n P r e is e a u s g e z e ic h n e t e E n t w u r f v o n z w e i s t a r k e n E is e n b e t o n b o g e n , d ie b e i 80 m L i c h t w e i t e e in e r>LRm8THEFTN23ŁUR POHL, WETTBEWERB FUR DEN ENTWURF ZU EIN ER ST RASSEN BRUCKE. 417
418 POHL, WETTBEWERB FUR DEN ENTWURF ZU EINER STRASSENBRUCKE. DKIt BAUING EN IE U R 1028 HEFT 23.
m i t e in e m s t a r k e n H a l b z a p f e n g e l e n k im P f e i l e r g e la g e r t , d a r a n b e f i n d e t s i c b c in k le in e r e r H a l b z a p f e n , a u f d e n s ic h d ie L a g e r - s c h a le d e s K a m p f e r g e l e n l t s d e r K l a p p c n t r a g e r a u f s e t z t , s o b a k i d ie K l a p p e in d e r S c h lu B la g e a n g ę l a n g t is t . I n d ie s e r S t e llu n g h a b e n d ie G u B k o r p e r d e s S c h e i t e lg e le n k s n o c h e in e n S p ie lr a u m v o n 6 c m , A b b . 10 b . U m d a s S c h e i t e l g e l e n k z u m S c h lu f l zu b r in g e n , w ir d a u f d a s E n d e d e r K l a p p e n h i n t e r a r m e e in a u f - w a r t s g e r i c h t e t e r D r u c k y o n t o o t a u s g e i i b t , w o r a u f d e r T r a g e r z u s a m m e n m i t d e m L a g e r b o c k u m d e n g r o B e n H a lb z a p f e n s c h w i n g t , b is S e h e i t e lb e r i i h r u n g e i n t r i t t . D ie r e c h t e B r i i c k e n - h a l f t e , d e r d ie H u b e i n r i c h t u n g f e h l t , w ir d d a b e i d u r c h e in e L e i t r o l l e a m lin k e n S c h e i t e l s t i i c k m it g e n o m m e n , w e lc h e a u f d ie a n d e r e K l a p p e a b w a r t s d r u c k t'. D i e e r f o r d e r lic h e H u b k r a f t v o n r o o t w ir d d u r c h H e b e l v o m O b e r s e t z u n g s v e r h a l t n i s i : ,|
a u s g e i i b t , a n d e r e ń l a n g e n A r m e n G e w i c h t e v o n 2 5 t h a n g e n , A b b . 10 e . S o la n g e d ie B r u c k e g e s c lilo s s e n b l e i b t , m u B d ie H u b k r a f t w i r k s a m s e in . Z u m O f fn e n w e r d e n d ie G e g e n g e w i c h t e d u r c h e l e k t r i ś c h a n g e t r i e b e n e S c lir a u b e n s p in d e ln g e h o b e n , n a c h d e m A u f h o r e n d e r H u b k r a f t s c h w in g e n d ie K l a p p e n m i t d e n L a g e r b ó c k e n u m d a s G e l e n k d e r l e t z t e r e n in d ie R u li e la g e z u r iic k , w o d u r c h s i c h d a s S c h e i t e l g e l e n k o f f n e t . D i e H e b e l k o n n e n n u n z u r i i c k g e z o g e n w e r d e n , w o r a u f d a s O f fn e n u n - g e h i n d e r t v o r s i c h g e h e n k a n n .
D ie K l a p p e n p f e i l e r s o lle n a is E i s e n b e t o n s e n k k a s t e n b is 1 m iib e r M .W . im T r o c k n e n g e b a u t w e r d e n m i t e in e m p r o v i - s o r is c h e n d i c h t e n H o lz b o d e n 5 m iib e r K a s t e n u n t e r k a n t e , d e r d a z u d ie n e n s o li, d e n K a s t e n s c h w im m e n d z u r Y e r s e n k s t e l l e zu b r in g e n u n d d ie D e c k e d e s A r b e i t s r a u m e s b e i d e r L u f t d r u c k - g r i i n d u n g z u b ild e n . N a c h ’ d e m E i n b r in g e n v o n ’ 1 5 1 o^m 3 B e t o n 1 7 ,1 0 111. Z u r V e r s t e i f u n g b e f i n d e t s i c h e in 3 ,9 m h o h e r I - fo r -
m ig e r B a l k e n u n t e r d e r F a h r b a h n in g le ic h e r E b e n e m i t d e m B o g e n , b e id e s i n d d u r c h H a n g e p f o s t e n m i t e i n a n d e r v e r b u n d e n . I n n e r h a l b d e r O b c r s c h n e id u n g s s t e ll e n v o n B a l k e n u n d B o g e n s in d im B a l k e n z w e i G e le n k e e i n g e s c b a l t e t , u m d ie s t a t i s c h e U n b e s t i m m t h e i t z u m ik le r n . S e c h s b r e i t e T - f o r m i g e Q u e r r ie g e l z w is c h e n b e id e n B o g e n b ild e n e in e A r t R a h m e n w i n d v e r b a n d . D a s F a h r b a h n g e r i p p e b e s t e h t a u s 2 ,3 111 h o h e n Q u c r t r a g e r n in 4 ,3 m A b s t a n d u n d L a n g s t r i i g e r n a l l e 2 ,0 5 m , d a r iib e r D e c k e n p l a t t e 23 c m s t a r k . D ie F u B w e g e s in d a u s g e k r a g t .
a j L a n g $ 5 c h n i f f i) S ch e ite l
t-l ift-ia .
S c h n i i i a - a
__
11600
. 4 — 2S60Qbis M ifie Briicke
d ) ic h n i i i i- i c) Lagerbock
A bb . lO a— d. E in z e lh e ite n d er K la p p b riic k e , A bb. lO e. Q uei‘s ć h n it t a m P fe ile r m it H u b v o rr ic h tu n g .
A i s W e r k s t o f f w ir d e in B e t o n 1 : 2 : 3 a u s l i o c h w e r t i g e m Z e m e n t v o r g e s c b la g e n , d e r m i t C5 k g / c m 2 b e a n s p r u c h t w e r d e n k a n n u n d e in e G e w i c h t s e r s p a r n i s v o n 3 8 % b e d e u t e t .
F i i r d ie K l a p p b r i i c k e h a t d ie b e k a n n t o K n i p p e l s b r o in K o p e n h a g e n in s o fe r n a is V o r b i l d g e d i e n t , a is d ie K l a p p c n t r a g e r in g e s c h lo s s e n e m Z u s t a n d e e b e n f a lls e in e n D r e ig e le n k b o g e n b ild e n , A b b . 10 . E s s in d in j e d e m F l i i g c l z w e i d o p p e l w a n d i g e B l e c h t r a g e r v o r h a n d e n , d ie d u r c h w e n ig e . s e h r s t a r k ę Q u e r - t r a g e r g u t v c r s t e i f t s in d . D e r F a l i r b a h n t r a g e r r o s t w ir d d u r c h e in e n d o p p e l t e n B o h l e n b e l a g a b g e d e c k t . D e r A b s t a n d d e r H a u p t t r a g e r b e t r a g t h i e r n u r 1 2 ,4 m , s o d a B a u c h d ie R a d - f a h r w e g e a u f d e n K o n s o le n r u h e n . D e r H i n t e r a r m v o n 1 3 ,6 m L a n g e is t a is B a l l a s t a r m m i t S c h r o t t b e t o n v o n 5 ,6 t / m 3 E in - h e i t s g e w i c h t a u s g e g o s s e n . D i e k u r z e D r e h a c h s e je d e s H a u p t - t r a g e r s r u h t in z w e i L a g e r b ó c k e n ; f u r d e n A n t r i e b b e f i n d e t s ic h a n d e r U n t e r g u r t u n g e in Z a h n ą u a d r a n t , a n d e m d a s A n t r i e b s - r i t z e l a n g r e i f t . U m d ie W i r k u n g d e r K l a p p e n t r a g e r in g e s c h lo s s e n e m Z u s t a n d e a is D r e ig e le n k b o g e n s i c h e r z u s t e lle n , s i n d f o lg e n d e s i n n r e ic h e A n o r d n u n g e n g e t r o f f e n : D e r L a g e r b o c k i s t u n t e n
ist d e r P f e ile r s t a b i l , w o r a u f d e r B a l l a s t iib e r d e m B o d e n u n d d ie s e r s e l b s t e n t fe r n t. w e r d e n u n d d ie w e i t e r e A u s f u l l u n g im T r o c k n e n v o r s ic h g e h e n k a n n .
Z u m S c h u l z d e r P f e i l e r g e g e n A n f a h r e n d u r c h S c h i f f s o lle n a n j e d e m P l e i l e r e n d e 14 0 H o l z p f a h l e in e in e s t a r k ę K i e s - s c h i i t t u n g g e r a m m t w e r d e n , d e r e ń K ó p f e in e in e m B e t o n - k l o t z m i t 1,2 0 m A b s t a n d v o m P f e i l e r s t e c k e n . D a m i t b c id e P f a l d g r u p p e n v o r u n d h i n t e r d e m P f e i l e r g e m e in - s a m W i d e r s t a n d le is t e n , s o lle n d ie B e t o n k l o t z e d u r c h je.
e in e n s t a r k e n L a n g s b a l k e n b e id e r s e it s d e s P f e i le r s v e r b u n d e n w e r d e n .
D ie K o s t e n d e s E n t w u r f s w u r d e n z u 1 0 ,9 M ili. K r . f e s t g e s t e l l t , m i t e in e r N e b e n lo s u n g f iir d ie E is e n b a h n i i b e r b r i i c k u n g , w e lc h e d r e i g r o B e B o g e n o f f n u n g e n v o n j e 7 5 m S p a n n w e i t e a u f - w e is t , z u 1 1 , 6 M ili. K r . D a s P r e i s g e r i c h t g i b t t r o t z d e m d e r z w e i t e n L o s u n g d e n V o r z u g . D ie B e a r b e i t u n g w ir d in b a u - t e c h n i s c h e r H i n s i c h t a is w o h lg e lu n g e n a n e r k a n n t . D ie E i n - r i c h t u n g z u m S c h u t z d e r M i t t e l p f e i l e r im H a f e n k o n n t e je d o c h k e in e n B e i f a l l f in d e n .
3 . B e s l u t s o m h e d .
V e r f a s s e r : I n g e n i e u r - F i r m a C h r i s t i a n i & N i e l s e n iii K o p e n h a g e n , M a s c h in e n f a b r ik A u g s -
b u r g - N i i r n b e r g , W e r k G u s t a v s b u r g bei- M a in z , P r o f e s s o r K a i G o t t l o b in K o p e n h a g e n .
U n t e r d ie s e m K e n n w o r t w u r d e n d r e i e in g e h e n d b e a r b e i t e t e E n t w i i r f e e in g e r e ic h t . G e m e in s a m i s t a lle n d ie L i n i e n f i i h r u n g u n d d ie A u s g e s t a l t u n g d e r R a m p e n - a n la g e . D i c L i n ie n f iih r u n g w e i c h t v o n d e m E n t w u r f e d e s S t a d t - in g e n ie u r s e r h e b lic h a b , d ie U b e r - b r i i c k u n g d e s H a fe n s w ir d 2 7 5 m m e h r n a c h S iid e n v e r s c h o b e n u n d e in e s t a r k v e r z w e i g t e R a m p e n - a n la g e f i i h r t n a c h d e n t ie f lie g e n - d e n S t r a B e n , A b b . 1 1 . A l l e d ie s e
R a m p e n h a b e n k e in e o ffe n e n T r a g w e r k e , s o n d e r n s o lle n b is z u r H o h e v o n 8 m a is D a m m s c h i i t t u n g , w e n n n o t ig v o n E i s e n b e t o n s t i i t z m a u e r n b e g r e n z t , a u s g e f i i h r t w e r d e n . F u r d e n h o h e r e n T e i l i s t d u r c h w e g d e r A u s b a u d e r R a m p e n z u S p e ic h e r a n la g e n v o r g e s ę h e n , d ie d e n w e c h s e ln d e n H o h e n e n t s p r e c h e n d z w e i- b is f u n f s t o ę k i g e r r i c h t e t w e r d e n s o lle n , A b b . 1 2 . V o n d ie s e m g r o B e n Z u w a c h s a n L a g e r - r a u m in n e r h a lb d e s H a f e n g e la n d e s v e r s p r e c h e n s i c h d ic V e r f a s s e r g r o B e w i r t s c h a f t l i c h e Y o r t e i l e . D ie o ffe n e n T r a g w e r k e s in d d a d u r c h b e s c h r a n k t a u f d ie O b e r b r u c k u n g d e s E is e n b a h n g e l a n d e s u n d d e s H a fe n s , w o f iir in a lle n d r e i V o r -
A bb. 13. U b e rs ic h t d er H a fe n b riick e . DER BAUINGENIEUR
1928 HEFT 53. POHL, WETTBEWERB FOR DEN ENTWURF ZU EIN ER STRASSENBROCKE.
s c h la g e n E i s e n k o n s t r u k t i o n e n v e r - w e n d e t w e r d e n . H ie r d u r c h e r h a lt d ie H a f e n b r i i c k e e in e b e s o n d e r s s t a r k b e t o n t e S t e llu n g im G c s a m t - z u g e d e r n e u e n Y e r b i n d u n g . D ie W r f a s s e r h a b e n g e g l a u b t , d ie s e m U m s t a n d z u L i e b e iib e r d ie F o r d e - r u n g e n g r ó B t e r W i r t s c h a f t l i c h k e i t e t w a s h in a u s g e h e n zu d iir fe n .
D e r H a u p t y o r s c h l a g s ie lit z w e i P f e i l e r im H a f e n v o r , w e lc h e d ie b e w e g lic h e D u r c h la B o f f n u n g in G e s t a l t e in e r z w e if liig e lig e n K l a p p b r i i c k e c in s c h lie B c n , A b b . 13 . B e i d e r s e i t s s c h lie B e n s ic h j e z w e i f e s t e O f fn u n g e n a n , d e r e ń Z w is c h e n - p f e ile r d ie v o r g e s c h r ie b e n e S t e l l u n g 18 m h i n t e r U f e r k a n t e h a t , s o d a B d ie a u B e r e n F e ld e r n o c h e in e b r e i t e U f e r p a r t i e iib e r d e c k e n . D e r o s i lic h e E n d p f e i l e r k o m m t d a d u r c h in d ie B a u f l u c h t d e r S t r a B e I s l a n d b r y g g e z u s t e h e n . D i c a u B e r e n O f f n u n g e n v o n 70 m S p a n n w e i t e le ra g e n 24 m n a c h d e m W a s s e r z u a u s , a u f d e n E n d e n d e r K r a g a r m e r u h e n
S c h w e b e t r a g c r v o n 64 m S p a n n - A bb. 14. Q u c r sc lm itt am Z w isch e n p fcilcr.
420 POHL, WETTBEWERB FUR DEN ENTWURF ZU EINER STRASSENBRUCKE. DEft l3ATjrKGEł«tEUll 11)28 HICPT 23.
i %
a )L d ng sschn i!t
Zohnstange bei gesch/ossener-
■ geajfneter-^
Brucke v ' x -
-Pu/ferJ' d Haupttróger Segengeh/icfff^-^
' beigeichlossener
• aedffneter^ - BrOcke
-Pujferj.d- Gegengeu w e it e , s o d a B d ie g a n z e L a n g e d e r in n e r e n Ó f f n u n g 88 m b e t r a g t . E a h r b a h n a u s b i l d u n g u n d Q u e r s c l m i t t d e s d o p p e l- w a n d ig e n H a u p t t r a g e r s m i t in n e r e r Z u g a n g l i c l i k e i t s i n d a u s A b b . 14 z u e r s e h e n . D ie H o h e d e r H a u p t t r a g e r b e t r a g t a n d e n E n d e n 3 ,5 m , ih r e O b e r k a n t e l i e g t in G e la n d c r h o h e , d ie U n t e r k a n t e f o l g t e in e r s c h w a c h e n K u r v e , s o d a B a n d e n Z w i s c h e n - p f e ile r n e in e H o h e v o n 7 n i v o r h a n d e n is t . D a d ic H a u p t t r a g e r d e r K l a p p b r i i c k e in d e r s e lb e n E b e n e - u n d ih r e U n t e r k a n t e n n u r 20 c m h o h e r lie g e n , s o e n t s t e h t b e i g e s c h lo s s e n e r B r u c k e
y//////////////////////, A b b . 15 a. K la p p b r u c k c , L a n g s sc h n itt,
T r a g e r b a n d e in d u r c lila u f e n d e s , s e h r g ii n s t i g w ir k e n d e s
v o n 3 7 0 m L a n g e . Z w is c h e n d e n U n t e r g u r t e n b e f i n d e t s i c h e in W i n d v e r b a n d . D ie D u r c h b i e g u n g d e r B r i i c k e u n t e r d e r Y e r k e h r s l a s t b e t r a g t n u r 1/1ooo d e r S p a n n w e i t e .
A b b . 16. V o rs c h la g 2, S ch au b ild .
D ie H a u p t t r a g e r d e r K l a p p b r i i c k e h a b e n f e s t e D r e h a c h s e n , A b b . 1 5 . D ie G e g e n g e w i c h t e b e s t e h e n a u s e in e m U - f o r m ig e n B a l l a s t t r a g e r v o n 20 n i L a n g e u n d h a n g e n f r e ip e n d e ln d u n t e r
k e lle r , d ie a n d ie s e r S t e l l e d u r c h eińfcn s t a r k e n , o b e n o ffe n e n e is e r n e n H a lb r a h m e n w i r k s a ń i V e r s t s i f t s i n d . A u f d e n la n d - s e it ig e n S c h e n k e ln d ie s e r R a h m e n b e f i n d e n s i c h d ie A u f l a g e r d e r f e s t e n O f f n u n g . . D u r c h d ic g ii n s t i g e A n o r d n u n g d e r G e g e n -
g e w ic h t e , d e n c i g e n a r t ig e n A h f - s t e llu n g s o r t d e r A n t r i e b s m i t t e l u n d d ie V e r s t c i f u n g d e r P f e i le r w a n d e i s t e s m o g lic h g e w e s e n , m i t n u r 9 m P f e i l e r d i c k e a u s z u k o m m e n .
D i e R i t z e l a r b e i t e n a n Z a h n -
■stangen, d ie a n d e r w a s s e r s e it ig e n K e lle r w a n d a n e in e r e in g e m a u e r t e n E i s e n k o n s t r u k t i o n m i t f e s t e n G e - le n k e n a n g e s c h lo s s e n s i n d . I n d e m s ic h d a s R i t z e l a n d e r Z a h n s t a n g e h i n u n t e r a r b e i t e t , w ir d d ie K l a p p e g e o f f n e t ; in d e r E n d s t e l l u n g lie g e n d ic Z a h n s t a n g e n w a g e r e c h t . D ie m e c h a n is c h e u n d e l e k t r i s c h e A u s - r i i s t u n g i s t m i t a U c n S ic h e r - h e it s e in r ic h t u n g e n , w ie e la s t is c h e n K u p p l u n g e n , B r e m s e n , E n d a u s - s c h a l t e r u . d e r g l. v e r s e h e n . Ę u r d e n N o t f a ł l i s t e in H a n d - a n t r i e b d u r c h G a n g s p i l i m o g lic h , d a s v o n d e r D e c k e d e s K la p p e n k e lle r s , ę/up, d u r c h y i e r M a n n b e d i e n t w e r d e n k a n n . d e n E n d e n d e r H i n t e r a r m e . A u f ih r e n w a g e r e c h t e n A b - d e c k u n g e n b e f in d e n s i c h d ie M o t o r e n u n d d ie R a d e r v o r g e le g e >
D i e D r e h a c h s e n t r a g e r lie g e n a u f d e n W a n d e n d e r K la p p fe h -
DUR BAUINGENIEUR
1928 HEFT 23. BOKEMANN, DER HAFEN YON YALENC1A. 421
D E R H A F E N V O N V A L E N C I A .
N a c h e in e m A u f s a t z d e s K a p i t e i n d e r G e n ie H . O . S c h u h m a c h e r in „ D e I n g e n i e u r " , H a a g .
Yon Oberregicrungsbaurat Bokemann.
D i e L a g e .
V a l e n c i a is t n a c h B a r c e l o n a d e r w i c h t i g s t e S e e h a fe n S p a n ie n s a m M it t e lm e e r . D ie S t a d t h a t 400 000 E in w o h n e r g e g e n 1 M illio n in B a r c e lo n a , s ie l i e g t 5 k m v o n d e r K i i s t e e n t - f e r n t a m U f e r d e s G u a d a l q u i v i r o d e r s p a n is c h T u r i a ; d e r e ig e n t lic h c H a fe n a n d e r M iin d u n g d ie s e s F lu s s e s h e iB t Y a l e n c i a - G r a o .
D e r F lu B i s t im S o m m e r u n d W i n t e r m e is t t r o c k e n , s o d a B e r a is R e n n b a h n u n d E x e r z i e r p l a t z b e n u t z t w i r d ; d e n n a lle s W a s s e r d i e n t z u d ie s e n Z e it e n d e r B e w a s s e r u n g d e s „ G a r t e n s "
v o n V a l e n c i a . I n d ie s e m g e d e ih e n W e in u n d a lle A r t e n v o n S iid f r iic h t e n , w i e A p fe ls in e n , D a t t e l n , 0 1 iv e n , Z w ie b e ln u s w ., d ie a u s d e m H a f e n V a l e n c i a - G r a o a u s g e f i i h r t w e r d e n .
D i e a l t e n H a f e n a n l a g e n .
D a V a l e n c i a k e in e n n a t iir lic h e n H a f e n b e s i t z t , m u B t e n a lle A n l a g e n k i i n s t l i c h g e s c h a f fe n w e r d e n . D ie s e g e n iig e n a b e r n i c h t d e n h e u t i g e n A n f o r d e r u n g e n . D a s H a f e n b e c k e n u m f a B t n u r 2 6 ,5 3 h a ; in f o lg e d e r g e r in g e n K a i l a n g e n u n d d e r u n z u r e ic h e n - d e n T i e f e n v o r ih n e n k o n n t e n d ie S c h if f e n i c h t la n g s s e i t s g e h e n , j a n i c h t e in m a l m i t d e m H i n t e r s t e v e n a n d e n K a i h e r a n k o m m e n .
D a s L a d e n u n d L o s c h e n m u B a ls o m i t L e i c h t e r n v o r g e n o m m e n w e r d e n . D ie s e s s c h w ie r ig e V e r f a h r e n i s t u m so n a c h t e ilig e r , a is d ie G i i t e r n i c h t a u f d e m W a s s e r w e g e , s o n d e r n m i t d e r E is e n - b a h n e in t r e ff e n .
B e i l e b h a f t e m Y e r k e h r , d e r m e is t im F r i i h j a h r s t a t t f i n d e t , e r g e b e n s ic h g r o B e S c h w i e r i g k e i t e n a u s d e r u n g e n iig e n d e n H a f e n f la c h e . I n d e r R e g e l m iis s e n d a n n 20 b is 40 S c h i f f e a u f R e e d e lie g e n u n d w a r t e n , d a B e in L i e g e p l a t z f r e i w ir d . D a s k a n n 3 b is 4 T a g e d a u e r n u n d b e d e u t e t f i i r e in 3 0 0 0 - t o n s - S c h iff e in e n Y e r l u s t v o n e t w a 5000 R M . A u f e in L o s c h e n u n d L a d e n a u B e r - h a lb d e s H a fe n s k a n n n i c h t g e r e c h n e t w e r d e n . Y o r m i t t a g s b is 12 U h r b l e i b t z w a r d ie S e e r e g e lm a B ig g a n z r u h ig , d a n n a b e r t r i t t S ik lo s t w in d e in , d e r in u n g e f a h r e in e r h a lb e n S t u n d e d e n A n b l i c k d e r S e e v o l l s t a n d i g v e r a n d e r t . E s g e n i i g t e in e g e r in g e W i n d s t a r k e , u m e in e n G i i t e r v e r k e h r a u f d e r R e e d e u n m d g lic h z u m a c h e n .
S e i t la n g e m -tru g m a n s i c h d e s h a lb m i t V e r b e s s e r u n g s - v o r s c h la g e n , v o n d e n e n m e is t n u r e in T e i l a u s g e f i i h r t w u r d e , o h n e d a B e in u m fa s s e n d e r P l a n a u f g e s t e l l t w o r d e n w a r e . D e r j e t z t in A u s f u h r u n g b e g r if f e n e P l a n b e r u h t a u f e in g e h e n d e r B e r i i c k s i c h t i g u n g a l l e r N o t w e n d i g k e i t e n u n d is t v o n d e m fr iih e - I n d e r E n d s t e l l u n g w e r d e n d ie g e ó f f n e t e n K l a p p e n h i n t e n v e r -
r ie g e lt , b e i g e s c h lo s s e n e r B r i i c k e t r i t t e in e S c h e i t e lv e r r i e g e lu n g in T a t i g k e i t , w e lc h e im s t a n d e is t , d ie Q u e r k r a f t e a u s d e r V e r - k e h r s la s t z u iib e r t r a g e n .
D ie B r i i c k e iib e r d e m E is e n - b a h n g e la n d e s p a n n t s ic h iib e r- 5 O f fn u n g e n v o n j e 39 m , m i t 4 m a s s iv e n Z w is c h e n p f e ile r n . D ie A u s b i l d u n g d e r E is e n k o n s t r u k t i o n a h n e l t d e r H a fe n b r i i c k e . A u c h h i e r s in d d o p p e l w a n d ig e B l e c h t r a g e r ' v o r h a n d e n v o n d u r c h w e g 3 ,3 m S t e g b le c h h ó h e u n d 65 c m W a n d - a b s t a n d . D u r c h G e le n k e in d e n a u B e r e n F e ld e r n u n d d c m M i t t e l- f e ld e is t s t a t i s c h e B e s t i m m t h e i t g e w a h r t .
D e r z w e it e V o r s c h l a g v e r - w e n d e t f iir d ie f e s t e n
Offnungen
d e r H a f e n b r i i c k e L a n g e r s c h e B a l k e n v o n 88 m S t i i t z w e i t e , A b b . 1 6 . D i e b e w e g lic h e
Offnung
e n t s p r ic h t g a n z d e m V o r s c h l a g .1 , d a g e g e n w i r d f i i r d ie E is e n b a h n iib e r - b r i i c k u n g e in e n e u e L o s u n g g e - b o t e n , d ie e i n m a l g u t z u r H a fe n - b r iic k e p a B t u n d a u B e r d e m m i t n u r z w e i Z w is c h e n p f e ile r n a u s z u - k o m m e n e r la u b t , A b b . 1 7 . E s s in d h i e r B a l k e n iib e r d r e i O f fn u n g e nv o n 44 , 80, 44 m v o r g e s e h e n m i t G e le n k e n in d e n S e i t e n f e l d e r n ; d ie M i t t e l ó f f n u n g w i r d d u r c h e in e n S t a b b o g e n v e r s t e i f t , g a n z w ie b e i d e r H a f e n b r iic k e .
Y o r s c h l a g 3 b i e t e t f i i r d ie H a f e n b r i i c k e e in e g a n z li c h a b - w e ic h e n d e L o s u n g , in d e m f i i r d ie D u r c h la B o f f n u n g e in e H u b - b r iic k e v o r g e s e h e n w ir d , d ie a n e in e m s t a r k e n e is e r n e n l a u m - lic h e n P o r t a l r a h m e n h a n g t . D i e f e s t e n S e it e n ó f fn u n g e n w e r d e n v o n e in h iift ig e n H a n g e b r i i c k e n i ib e r s p a n n t , d ie K e t t e n g e h e n d u r c h d ie L a n g s r i e g e l d e s P o r t a l s h i n d u r c h u n d s i n d in d e n U f e r p f e i le r n v e r a r ik e r t . A b b . x8 g i b t e in g u t e s B i l d v o n d e r e i n d r u c k s v o l l e n W ir lc u n g d ie s e r L ó s u n g . D ie U b e r b r i i c k u n g
d e s E is e n b a h n g e l a n d e s i s t - h i e r v o n d e m Y o r s c h l a g e 1 ii b e r - n o m m e n w o r d e n .
D ie K o s t e n d e r d r e i E n t w i i r f e s in d z u 20 ,6 , 20,3 u n d 2 i , r
A bb . 18. V o rsch la g 3, S cłla u b ild .
M illio n e n K r o n e n f e s t g e s t e l l t w o r d e n . D a s P r e is g e r ic h t h a l t e s f i i r a n g e b r a c h t , d e n A u s b a u d e r R a m p e n e r h e b lic h z u b e - s c h r a n k e n , s o d a B d ie K o s t e n u m e t w a 6 M illio n e n K r o n e n e r- m a B i g t w e r d e n k o n n e n . D ie s t a r k e V e r s c h i e b u n g d e r B r u c k e n - a c h s e n a c h S iid e n u m f a s t 300 m f i n d e t n i c h t d e n B e i f a l l d e s P r e is g e r ic h t s , d a s ie f iir g r o B e T e i l e d e s V e r k e li r s g e b i e t e s v c r - m e h r t e W e g l a n g e b e d e u t e t . D ie R a m p e n a n la g e s e i z u a u s - g e d e h n t u n d w iir d e z u m T e i l k o s t s p ie l ig e E n t e i g n u n g e n n o t ig m a c h e n . D ie E n t w i i r f e f iir d ie e ig e n t lic h e n B r i i c k e n w e r d e n a is k o n s t r u k t i v v o r t r e f f l i c h e u n d a u c h a s t h e t i s c h s e h r a n s p r e c h e n d e L o s u n g e n a n e r k a n n t . ( F o r t s e t z u n g f o lg t .)
d em B ah n g eliin d e.
