nPOflETAPMM BCEX CTPAH, COEflMHflfôTECb !
N s 8 A r i P E J i b N s 8
M O C K B A H3flarcnbCTDo «nPABflAn
1950
[JpoAerapuu ecex crpan, coeduHHärecbl TEOPETHHECKHH H n o n H T H MECKHH
w y p ha n M.K BKH(6 ) XXVII ron H3aaHHsi
A n P E / i b
1950 r.
Aflpec pegaKUHH:
MocKBa, JleHMHrpaACKoe luocce, yn. «npaBflbi», 24.
Tejí, fl 3-36-38.
C o A e p H t a H w e
IïEPEÆ O BAil — CoBeTCKHH C0103 — onjioT h 3naMenoceu Mtipa bo acëM M w p e ... 1 U,. C TE H A H ilH — B. H. J Ichhh h H. B. CïajMH o CTponrejibCTBe
KOMMyHH3Ma... 11 K. » y K O B — Ilo-6ojIbUleBHCTCKH BbinOJlHBTb pemeHHÎI OTaëTHO-Bbl-
6opHbIX napTHHHblX CoSpaHHH H K O H ip e p e H U H H ... 26 KD. )K yK O B — TpyÄHiflHecH •frpaHU.HH b Gophöe 3a m h p... 37
K O H C y J lb T A U H H
il. KPO HPO Ä — HauHOHaabHbiii aoxoa C C C P ... 53 B H B J IH O rP A iH il
B. M H XEEB — riporpaiHiwa dpoHTejibCTBa HOBoro K ir r a « ... 67 C. T y P E M H — BepHHÎi cwh (}>paHu.y3CKoro H a p o a a ... 73
CoBeTCKHH C 0 K)3 — OnJlOT H 3HaM6H0 Cei^
M Hpa BO BCÖM MHpe
npa3j[HHK TpyflHmHxca Bcero MHpa— 1 Masi 1950 rofla — coBeTCKHH Hapofl oTMenaeT b o6cTa«OBKe HOBoro moiuhoto sKOHOMHHecKoro h KyjibTyp- Horo ncwbëMa Harneó CTpaHU, ycneuiHO ocymftCTBJiaiomeH HCTOpHHecKHH nepexofl ot copHajiH3Ma k KOMMyHH3My. ripH3biBbi UeHTpajibHoro KoMHTeTa BceC0IO3H0H KoMMyHHCTHHeCKOH napTHH (ÔOJIbUieBHKOB) BflOXHOBJIHIOT CO- BeTCKHx jiK)fleñ Ha HOBbie TpyflOBbie noaBHfH. 3th npHSbiBbi naxoflHT nJiaMeH- Hbiñ OTKJiHK b cepauax MHJiJiHOHOB ipyaHinHxcH 3a pyôewaMH Hamen CTpaHbi.
B fleHb COJIHflapHOCTH TpyflHlIÍHXCH MHpa, B fleHb ÔpaTCTBa paÔOHHX BCCX CTpaH CBoßofloJiioÖHBbie Hapoflbi, OoproiuHecH npoTHB noflHíHraTejieñ hoboh
BOHHbi, oôpamaioT cboh B3opbi b CTOpoky Morynero CoBeTCKoro Coiosa — onjioTa h 3HaMeHocu,a MHpa bo bcôm MHpe, CBeTona h Haae>K,a,bi nporpeccHB- Horo HejiOBenecTBa.
CBOÖoflOjuoÖHBbie Hapo^bi HHKorfla He 3a6yayT, hto riHTb Jier Ha3a.fl coBercKHe bohhm, pyKOBOflHMbie nojiKOBoanecKHM renneM BejiHKoro CthjiH H a ,
BOflpy3HJIH 3H3MH nOÔeflbl Haß repM3HCKHM peHXCTarOM B BepjIHHe — II. ht a- flejiH (JiamHCTCKOH arpeccHH. noöeaoHOCHbiH mrypM cobbtckhm-h bohck3mh
3Toro rHTJiepoBCKoro JioroBa hbhjich 3aBepmaiomHM cpaíKeimeM BejiHKoñ Ore- HeCTBeHHOH BOHHbl COBeTCKOrO Hapofla npOTHB HeMeU,KO-(|)amHCTCKHX 3aXBaT-
hhkob, b xofle KOTopoH (jiamHCTCKaH TepMaHHH noTepnejia noJiHoe TiopajKeHHe
h OKa3ajiacb BbmyjKaeHHOH oôbsiBHTb óeaoroBopoHHyio KanuTyjiHHHio.
9 Maa 1945 roaa, b JXeim iloSe/ibi CoBeTCKoro Coi03a Haa repMaHCKHM 4>amH3MOM, TOBapmp CraJiHH roBopnji b CBoëM oôpameiiHH k Hapoay: «Beam
2 Ü E P E flO B A fl
KHe >KepTBbI, npHHecéHHbie H3MH BO HMH CfioSOAbl H He33BHCHMOCTH Hauieñ PoAHHbi, HeHCBHCJiHMbie JiHuieHHH h erpaAaHHH, nepexíHTbie HamHM HapO^iOM B XO/ie BOHHbl, HanpHJKéHHblH TpyA B TbIJiy H Ha (})pOHT€, OTAaHHblH Ha ajrrapb oTenecTBa,— He npouuiH AapoM h yBeHHajracb nojm oñ no6e,aoñ Ha# BparoM».
Pa3rpoM ruTjiepoBCKHX bohck Cobctckoh ApMHeñ 6bui BOcnpiiHHT HapOAaMH Beex CTpaH KaK TOpXíeCTBO CHJI M.Hpa H fleMOKpaTHH HaJX HépHbIMH CHJiaMH HMnepuajiHCTHHecKoñ arpeccHH.
BTopan MiipoBan Boñua, pa3BH3aHHan rHTJiepoBCKOH PepMaHHeñ h HMne- pHajiHCTHHecKoñ 5InoHHeñ np« aKTHBHeñmeH no^epJKKe MioHxeHCKHx «Mupo- TBopueB» ■— npaBHinHX KpyroB CUJA, Ahtjihh « OpaHumi,— B03HHKjia b pe- 3yjibTaTe KpañHero oóocrpeHiiH npothbo p e hh ñ HMnepHajiH3Ma. 3Ta Boi-ina HBHjiacb nopoHíAeHHeM BTOporo Kp.H3Hca k a ri ht a jihcthh e cko ñ cHCxeMbi MHpo- BOBO X03HHCTBa, CJie^CTBHeM pa3BHTHH MHpOBblX 3KOHOMHH6CKHX H nOJIHTHHe-
ckhx ohji Ha 6a3e coBp ©men h oro MOHonojiHCTHHecKoro KanHTajiiH3Ma.
Pa3BH3biBan BTopyio MHpoByio BoñHy, repMaiicKne cfjauiHCTbi h nnoHCKHe HMnepuajiHCTbi naAenjincb noÓHTbCH MHpoBoro rocnoACTBa. THTJiepy h ero coo6m;HHKaM, normepHtaHHbiM Bceñ MHpoBoñ HMnepHajiHCTHHecKoñ peaKHHeñ, yflajiocb na nepBbix nopax nopafíoTHTb MHorne HapoAbi. CMepTejibHaH yrp o - 3a ¡jjaiHHCfCKoro BapBapcTBa HaBHCjia na# CBofío^ojiiodHBbiM HenoBenecTBOM.
Cboü rjiaBHbiH y/¡;ap (J)aHiHCTCKHe arpeccopbi HanpaBHjm npoTHB CoBeT- CKOro Coi03a — nepBoro b MHpe couHajiHCTHHeCKoro rocy/iapcTBa.
CoBeTCKHH C0103 h ero cjiaBHbie BoopyxíéHHbie Ch jih cbirpajin pemaio- myro pojib b pa3rpoMe rHTJiepoecKoñ apMHH. CoBeTCKHH HapoA otctohji cbo- 6o^y h He3aBHCHMOCTb CBoeñ coHHajiH'CTHqecKoíí Po ahhh h cnac napoAbi BBponbi ot ura rHTJiepH3Ma.
CbOIO 'OCBofíoAHTejIbHyiO MHCCHK) CÓBeTCKHH HapOA ycneiHHO BbinOJlHHJl noroMy, hto b 6opb6e c <f)aiHH3MOM oh onnpajicH Ha nenpeo6opHMy¡o chjiv
cofiercKoro conHajiHcrHHecKoro expon. OoBeTCKHñ Hapo# ojjepxíaji noCeay nOTOMy, HTO HM pyKOBO^HT CJiaBH3H ÓOJIbUieBHCTCKaH napTHH BO TJiaBe C BeJIHKHM CTaJIHHbIM. HapTHH JleHHHa — O ajIU H a HBHJiaCb B^OXHOBHTeJieM H OpraHH33TOpOM BCeMHpHO-HCTOpHHeCKOñ IIoSeAbl, O0iep>KaHHOH COB0TCKHM Hapo^OM b BejiHKOH OTenecTBeHHOH BoñHe.
C OrpOMHOH CHJIOH CKa3aJI0Cb B ro^bl BOHHbl HeCOKpyUIHMOe MOpajIbHO- nojiHTHnecKoe eanHCTBO coBeTCKoro odmecTBa. Oahhm h3 BajKHeSuiHx dpax- TopoB, oSecneHHBumx nofíe^y CoBeTCKoro rocyAapcTBa, «BHjiacb HepyuiHMaH apyxíSa h 6paTCKoe coTpy^HHnecTBO Hapo^oB CCCP bo rjiaEe c BejiHKHM pyccKHM Hapo^oM. CoBeTCKHe jiío^h o^ep>KajiH BceMHpHO-HCTopunecKyK) noñeAy Haji repMaHCKHM (})amH3MOM h hiiohckhm HMnepHajiH3MOM nOTOMy,
hto hx b^oxhobjihji Ha Tpy^oBbie h paTHbie noABHrn ropanufi h >khbo- TBOpHMH COBeTCKHH IiaTpH0TH3M.
rioSeíta GoBeTCKoro Coio3a b BejiHKOH OTeHecTBeHHoñ BoñHe npoTHB HeMen,KO-(j)aiIIHCTCKHX 3aXB*3THHKOB — 3T0 p€3yjIbTaT IipeHMymeCTB C3MOH nepe^OBOH b MHpe, coiiHajiHCTHHecKoñ cHcxeMbi Haa CHCTeMoñ KanHTajiH- CTHHeCKOñ. B 9TOH BOHH6, yHHT TOBapHUJ, CT3JIHH, noÓeflHJI COBeTCKHH O f i l U e C T B e H H b l H CTpoñ, KOTOpblH flOKa3ajI, HTO OH HBJIHeTCH jiyHuieü (JjOpMOH 0praHH33HHH OÓlIíeCTBa, HeM JH060H HeCOBeTCKHH OÓmeCTBeHHblfí CTpoñ; noSe^Hji COBeTCKHH r o c y ^ a p c T B e H H b i ñ CTpoñ, OKa3aBuiHHCH o6pa3HOM MHoroHapHOHajibHoro rocyAapcTBa; nofíeAHJia C o B e T C K a H A p M H H , noKa3aBiuaH ce6n nepBOKAaccHoñ apMHeñ Harnero BpeMeHH, 06- jiaflaiom eñ coBpeMeHHbiM BOopy*eHHeM, onbiTHbiM KOMaHAHtiM cocTaBoM, BbICOKHMH MOpaJIbHbIMH KaHeCTBaMH BCeX BOHHOB. lloSeAa, OAepJK3HH3H Hauieñ couHajiHCTHHecKoñ Poahhoh b BeJiHKoñ OTenecTBeHuoñ Boñue, c hc- KJiioHHTejibHOH HpKocTbio noKaaajia, hto b MHpe Her 6ojiee npoHHoro rocy- AapcTBa, neM C0103 CoBeTCKHx CoHHajiHCTHHecKHx PecnyfíjiHK.
B pe3yjibTaTe pa3rpoMa repMaHCKoro (j)auiH3Ma h íinoncKoro HMnepHaJiH3- Ma cooTHomeHHe chji Ha MHpoaoñ apene Mexcay flayMH CHCTeMaMH — counajiH- CTHH6CKOH H KaHHTajIHCTHHeCKOH — pe3K0 H3M€HHJI0C.b B nOJIb3y COHHajIH3Ma;
IIE P E A O B A fl o
MHpoBaa KanHTajiHCTHtiecKafl cncTeMa bhobb noHecjia cepbé3Hbiñ ypoH.
yKpennjiocb MorymecxBo CoBeTCKoro CoK)3a, B0 3pocAO ero MexcAyHapoAHoe BjiHHHHe. Ot HMnepHajiHCTHHecKOH CHCTeMbi ornaji pHA cTpaH UeHTpaAbHoñ H JOro-BocTOHHoñ EBponbi h A3Hh; ycHjiHjiocb aHTHHMnepHaAHCTHnecKoe, AeMOKpaTHqecKoe Aamnemie- bo bcém Mnpe. FIodeAa, OAepmaHHan coBeT-
ckhm HapOflOM b Bcahkoh OrenecTBeHHOH Bonne, odecnenHAa bosmohíhoctb
cosztanHH b p«Ae CTpaH pe>KHMa HapoAHOH AeMOKpaTHH, BbinojiHHromeñ (JjyHKUHH AHKTaiypbi npoJieTapHaia.
B nocjieBoeHHbiS nepiioA Ha MHpoBoñ apeHe o6pa3onajiHCb ABa Aarepn:
Jiarepb HMnepuaAHCTHnecKHH, aHTHACMOKparHHecKHH, B03i\jiaBAHeMbiH HMrie- pHaAHCTaMH C H IA h Ahtahh, h Aa-repb aiHTHHMnepHaAHCTHAecKHñ, AeMOKpa- THAeCKHH BO TJiaBe C CoBCTCKHM C0K)30M.
Me>KAy CCCP, c oahoh CTopoubi, CLLIA n ÁHrm eñ — c Apyroñ, eme b nepHOA BTOpOH MHpOBOH BOHHbl CyiH,eCTBOBajIO pa3JIHHHe B OHpeAeJieHHH KHK pejieñ BOHHbi, t3k h 3aAan nocjieBoeHHoro ycTpoñcTBa MHpa. CoBexcKHH C0103 I-í BCe CBOdOAOAIO6HBble HapOAbI OCHOBHbIMH H,eJIHMH BOHHbl CAHT3AH BOCCTa- HOBAenHe h yKperuenHe Ae m onp a th n ec khx nopHAKOB b EBpone, ahkbhabuhio
(JiamHSMa h npeAOTBpameHHe bo3mojkhocth hoboh arpeccHH co erüpoHbi Fep- MaHHH h HnoHHH, co3AaH«e AAHTeAbHoro BcecTopoHHero coTpyAHHHecTBa Ha- poAOB b dopbde 3a nponHbiñ Mnp. MMnepuaAHCTHqecKHe Kpyrn CLLIA a Ah- I’jihh CT3BHAH cede A pyryio pejib — H3daBJieHHe ot KOHKypeHTOB na pbiHKax (PepMaHHH, HnoHim) h yTBepn<AeHHe CBoero rocnoACTByiomero noAomeHHH.
AHrjio-aMepHKaHCKHe HMnepHaAHCTbi paccAHTbiBaAH, ato repMaHCKHH (f)a- IHH3M H ímOHCKHH HMnepHaAH3M CnOCOdHbl eCAH He yHHATOHÍHTb CCCP, TO
bo bchkom CAynae ocjiadHTb ero, pa3rpoMHTb peBOAKmHOHHoe h AeMOKpa-;
THHecKoe ABH>KeHne h yKpenHTb no3HH,mi KamixaAH3Ma. ÜAHaKo KOBapHbie pacqéTbi aHrAO-aMepHKaHCKHx HMnepHaAHCTOB noTepneAH noAHoe KpymeHHe.
CoBeTCKHH C0Í03, BOnpeKH HOAJIblM K03HHM HMnepHaAHCTOB, pa3dHB THTJie- poscKyro BoenHyio MamHHy h pa3rpoMHB ocHOBHbie chah nnoHCKoro HMne- pnaAH3Ma, BbiineA H3 bohhm eme doAee CHAbHbiM h OKpenmHM.
IilodeAOHOCHO 33KOHAHB BOHHy, COBeTCKHH HapOA ÍIOAyAHA B03M05KH0CTb BepHyTbCH K MHpHOMy COSHAaxeAbHOMy TpyAy, K CTpOHTeAbCTBy KOMMV- HHcTimecKoro odmecxBa. CTaAHHCKHñ nocAeBoeHHbiñ nHTHAeTHHñ nAaH boc- CTaHOBAeHHH h pa3BHTHH HapoAHoro xo3HHCTBa OTKpbiA nepeA Harnea copHaAHCTHHecKOH Poahhoh mepcneKTHBbi iHOBoro pacpBeTa Bcex OTpacAeíi HapoAHoro xosHHCTBa h KyAbTypbi, AaAbHeñinero noAtéMa dAarococTOHHHH CoBeTCKoro HapoAa.
MeTbipe roAa Ha3aA, 1 Man 1946 roAa, xapaKTepH3yn 3aA3AH CoBeTCKoro HapoAa b juejie ocymecTBAeHHH nocAeBoeHHoro HHTHAeTHero nAana, TOBa- pHm Cthahh nncaA: «Padonne, KpecxbHHe u HHTeAAHreHimH Hameñ CTpaHbi socnpHHHAH nHTHAexHHH nAaH, Kan doesyfo nporpaMMy, OTBenaromyio kx
^HSHeHHblM HHTepeCaM. Mo>KHO HaAeHTbCH, ATO COBeTCKHe AK3AH, BO rnaBe c KOMMyHHCTHnecKOH napTHeñ, He nontaAeioT cha h TpyAa ajih xoro, Axodbi He TOAbKO BbinOAHHTb, ¡HO H nepeBblnOAHHTb HOByiO nHTHAeTKV». CoBeTCKHH HapOA OTBeTHA Ha OpH3bIB CBOero BOJKAH MOryAHM TpyAOBblM nOATaéMOM, HpKHM BblpaXíeHHeM KOTOpOrO HBHACH HeBHAaHHblñ pa3MaX COUHaAHCTH- necKoro copeBHOBaHHH, cTaemero noHCTHHe BceHapoAHbiM ABH>KeHHeM.
PacnéTbl HMnepHaAHCTOB Ha TO, ATO CoBeTCKHH C0103 He CnpaBHTCJI C TpyAHOCTHMH, nCpOJKAéHHblMH BOHHOÍÍ, nOTepneAH nOAHblñ Kpax. Tbod-
h^ckhh TpyA CoBeTCKoro HapoAa, BAOXHOBAneMoro h opraHH3yeMoro napTHeñ
^leHHHa — CTaAHHa, odecneAHA ycneuiHoe ocymecTBAeHHe nocAeBoeHHoñ CTaAHHCKOH nHTHAeTKH. OnydAHKOB3HH0e IHa AH53X COOdmeHHe Uei-ITpaAbHO- r ° CTaracTHAecKoro ynpaBAeHHH npn CoBeTe Mhhhctpob CCCP 06 hto- ra x BbinoAHeHHH rocyAapcTBeHHoro nAaHa pa3BHTHH HapoAHoro xoanñcTBa CCCP b nepBOM KBapxaAe 1950 roAa apno CBHAeTeAbCTByeT o hobhx 3aMe- HaTeAbHbix nodeAax coBexcKoro HapoAa b CTpoHTeAbCTBe KOMMyHHCTHAe- CKoro odmecxBa.
4 n E P E flO B A fl
HeyKJiOHHO pacxér n Kpenttex coirna a h eranbckah npoMbimJi-eHHOCTb, BbiAaromnecH ycnexa tíoxopon papytox Bcex coBexcKnx atoaen. Yace
k KOHuy 1949 ropa BbinycK BaaoBoñ npoayimnH npoMbimaeHHocxH
b CCCP npeB3om éji ypOBeHb, ycxaHOBaeHHbin nHTnaexHHM naaHOM Ha 1950 roa. riHTHjieTHKM njianoM 6biao npeaycMorpeHo, hto o 6«éM npoaytmnH Bceñ npoMbiiHJieHHOCTH CCCP b 1950 ro a y poparen na 48% npeBbioHTb n pon 3 b oa ctbo aoBoeiiHoro 1940 ro a a; b IV KBapTaae 1949 ro a a cpeaneMe- CHHHblñ BbinycK B3JI0B0H npOayKH,HH npOMblIUJieHHOCTH npeB30méa ypOBeHb 1940 ropa Ha 53% . B nepBOM KBapxaae 1950 roaa BbinycK BaaoBoñ npo- ayKHHH npoMbiuiJiGHHOCTH no cpaBHeHHio c nepBbiM KBapTaaoM 1949 roaa
B03poc Ha 22% .
OrpoMHbie ycnexH aocTHrHyTbi n b oóaacxn coiíHaaHcxnqecKoro ceab- CKoro xo3HHCTBa; Koaxo3Hbiñ cTpoñ b ycaoBHHx nocaeBoeHHoro pa3BHrHH BnoBb noKa3aa cboio BeanKyto >KH3HeHHyio cnay. Ha ocHOBe p o cia couna- aHCTHHecKoñ npoMbimaeHHocTH 3HaaHTeabHo noBbicnaacb TexHnqecKati Boopy- jKéHHocxb ceabCKoro xo3HHCTBa, KOTopoe noayanao b 1949 ro a y TpaKTopoB, aBTOMo6«aeH h ceabCK0X03HncxBeHHbix MauniH b x p n — qexbipe pa3a Ooabuie, qew b aoBoeHHOM 1940 roay.
Baaosaa npopyKUHH ceabCKoro xo3ancxBa b ueaoM npeBbicnaa
b 1949 ro a y ypOBeHb 1940 roaa. BaaoBoñ ypoarañ 3epHOBbix K yabtyp cocxaBHa b 1949 ro a y 7,6 Mnaanappa nyaoB, npeB3oméa ypoBeHb 1940 roaa
h noHTH pocxnr pa3MepoB, ycxaHOBaeHHbix naxHaexHHM naaHOM Ha 1950 roa.
BaaoBoñ ypo>Kan xaonna, abHa, noacoaHeanHKa h Kapxotjteafl T aim e 3Haqn- TeabHO npeBbicHa ypojKan 1940 roaa. XlocxHBHyxbi riepBbie cepbé3Hbie ycnexa B ocyiaecxBaeHHH TpéxaexHero naaHa paaBHxiHH oómecTBeiHHoro Koaxo3Horo H COBX03HOrO npoayKTHBHOIX) JKHBOXHOBOaCXBa. YcneUIHO BbinoaHHeTCH rpaHAH03Hbifl CTaanHCKHH naaH npeo6pa30BaHHH npHpoabi, HMetomiin peabto oóecneqeHtte bmcokhx h ycTonqnBbix ypo>xaeB b cxenHbix h aecocxenubix pañoHax eBponeHCKOH qacxn CCCP. Teivi caMbiM aaKaapbiBaexcH iipoaHaH ocHOBa eme 6oabiuero pacimeTa 3eMaeaeaHH b Harnea cxpaHe.
CoBeTCKHH Hapoa, onnpaiomHHCH Ha npeHMymecTBa cou.naAHCTHqecKOH cncxeMbi X03HHCXB3, noKa3biBaeT noHCXHHe qypeca co3naaxeabHOH aeHTeab- HOCTH.
Bcxpeqaa nepBOMancKHH npa3PHHK b oScxanoBKe orpoMHoro noanTnqe- CKoro h npoH3BoacTBeHnoro noatéM a, coBexcicnH Hapoa eme uiHpe pa3Bep- Hya coH.HaancrHHecKoe copeBHOBaHHe 3a pocpoqHoe BbinoaueHue HapopHO- xoaHHCTBeHHoro naaHa 1950 roaa, 3a HOBbie ycnexn b CTpouxeabcrBe kom- MyHH3Ma. CoBexcKHe atoan Coptoxcn 3a paabHenmHH TexHnqecKnn nporpecc
b npoMbimaeHHocxn, Ha xpancnopxe, b ceabCKOM xo3nñcxBe, 3a BueapeHtie HOBOH TeXHHKH H COBepUteHCXBOBatlHe TeXHOAOrHH npOH3BOaCTBa, 3a Henpe- cxaHHoe noBbimeHue npoH3BoaHxeabHocxn xpyaa. npOH3BoaHxeabirocxb Tpy- aa paGoHHX b npoMbimaenHocxH Bospocaa b nepBOM KBapxaae 1950 ropa npoTHB nepBoro KBapxaaa 1949 roaa Ha 13%.
CoBexcKHe atoan 6opioxcH 3a ayqiuee ncnoab3 0BaHne ochobhux h 060- poTHbix cpeacxB, 3a cxpoaianiuyio skohomhío cbipbH, MaxepnaaoB, TonanBa n aaeKxposHeprnn, aa CHHJKetine ceSecTonMocxn n yayqineHHe xaqecTBa npo- ayKunn.
Bbiaaiomnxca ycnexoB aoShach coBexcKnn Hapoa bo Bcex o6aacxnx co- unaancTHaecKon KyabTypbt. HeyxaoHHO pacTér qncao yqam nxca b HaaaabHon, cpepHen n BbicmeH iuxoae. B 1949 ro a y cneunaancTOB, oKOHqiiBLUHX BbiCLune yqeSHbie 3aBepeHitH n xexHHKyMbi, 6btao b HapoaHOM xoaHñcxBe Ha 68%
fioAbine, aeM b poBoeHHOM 1940 roay. Beanan pocTHJKeHHH Harnero «apopa
b pa3BHTHH HayKH. HpKHM noKa3axeaeM ycnexoB coBexcKoñ Hayxn HBaneTCH to, hxo b kopoxkhh cpox eto 6bia pactípnix cexpeT Hcnoab30BaHHH axoMHon 3Heprnn. Ha noa^eMe HaxopHTCH coBexcKan anxepaxypa n ncKyc-
cxbo, co3aatomne Bcé HOBbie n HOBbie npoH3BeaeiiHH, pocxonribie ciaanticKon anoxn.
riE P E A O B A fl 5
BajKHeñuiHM 3aKonoM p33bhthh coBercKoro coimajincTH^ecKoro oßmecTBa HBJIH6TCH HenpepbIBHblH pOCT ßjiarOCOCTOHHHH HapOAa. Ha OCHOBe ÄOCTH- JKeHHH npOMHUJJieHHOCTH H CejIbCKOTO X03HHCTB3 CHCTeMaTHHeCKH CHHJK3IOTCH ueubi Ha npoAOBOJibCTBenHbie h npoMbimjieHHbie TOBapbi, noBbiinaeTCH peajib- nan 3apa6oTHaa n jia ia , yKpenjiHeTCH Kypc pyójiH, pa3BëpTbiBaeTCH TOBapo- oóopoT. XpeTbe no cnëTy CHUJKeHHe pen Ha npoAOBOjibCTBeHHbie u npoMbim- JieHHbie TOBapu, ocymecTBjiëHHoe no pemennio CoBeTa Mhhhctpob CCCP h
U,eHTpajibHoro KoMHTeTa B K n ( 6 ) c 1 MapTa 1950 roAa, hbhjiocb hobmm
BbipaJKeHHeM 3a6oTbi OojibmeBHCTCKon napniH, coBeTCKoro npaBHTeAbCTBa
h jihhho TOBapnina G rajm na o AaJibHeñmeivi nopteMe öjiarococTOHHHH co- BeTCKoro HapoAa.
M orynaa coBeTCKaa connajiHCTHnecKaa aep>Kaßa TBëpao h yßepeHHO HflëT no nyTH 3aBepmeHHa ct ponxcuibCT b a copHajiHCTHnecKoro oßmecTBa n nodeneHHoro mepexoAa ot connajiH3Ma k KOMMyHHSMy.
B/ioxHOBHTejieM h opraHH3aropoM Bcex noôeA coBeTCKoro HapOAa aBjiaeTca cjiaBHaa ôojibineBHCTCKaa napTna bo rjiaße c BejiHKHM CTajiHHbiM.
riocjieAOBaTejibHO pyKOBOACTByacb MapKCHCTCKO-jieHHHCKOH Teopneß, HeycTan- Ko yxpenjina cboh cbh3h c mnpoqanmHMH MaccaMn TpyAHiHHXCH, BocnHTbiBaa KaApbi b Ayxe cMe.aoH peBOJirouHOHHoił kphthkh h c a m o kphthkh , napraa JleHHHa — ĆTajiHHa MOÖHjiH3yeT MaccH Ha êopbôy 3a HOBbie yonexH b CTpon- TejIbCTBe K0MMyHH3M3.
BejiHHecTBeHHoË neMOHCTpaumefi MopajibHO-nojiHTHqecKoro eAUHCTBa coBeTCKoro oßmecTBa, HepymnMon cnjionëHHOCTH coBeTCKoro napoAa BOKpyr ôojibineBHCTCKOH naprnn h reHnajibnoro bojkah TOBapnma CiajiHHa HBHJiHCb cocTOHBuniecH 12 Mapia 1950 roAa Bbidopbi b BepxoBHbiH CoBer CCCP, BO BpeMH KOTOpblX COBCTCKHH HapOA C HCKJHOHHTejIbHblM eAHHOAyUIHSM lojiocoB aji 3a KaHAHAaroB cTajiHHCKoro ÔJioxa KOMMyHHCTOB h ôecnapraflHbiXi Hbme HeT b Miipe TaKofi chjih, KOTopaa Morjia 6bi noBepHyTb Ham HapoA BCnHTb K KanHT3JIH3My.
yxperuiaioTCH BCTaBinne Ha nyTb couHajiH3Ma CTpaHbi HapoAHOH AeMO- KpaTHH B Eßpone, pyKOBOAHMbie KOMMyHHCTHHeCKHMH H paÔOHHMH napTHHMH.
npH ÖpaTCKOH nOMOIAH CoBeTCKoro C0IO3a OHH AOÔHJIHCb 3HaHHTeAbHbIX AO- CTHHíeHHÍI BO BCeX OTpaCJIHX X03HHCTBa H KyjlbTypbl. B SKOHOMHKe 3THX CTpaH yKpenjiaeTca h pacmnpaeTca connajincTHHecKHH ceKTOp. ripoMbimjieHHoe npo- H3EOACTBO npeBMCHJio AOBoeHHblH ypOBeHb b riojibU ie Ha 75%, b B e H rp n n — Oojiee neM na 50% , b BojirapHH — b ABa pa3a, b HexocjiOBaKHH (Ha A yuiy Hacejienna) — Ha 40% . B 1949 roAy b rioJibiue AocpoHHo 6mji BbinojraeH xpëx-
•^eTHHH HapoAHOxo3añcTBeHHbiñ nJiaH h nanajiocb ocymecTBjieHHe hoboto, uie-
^THjieTnero njiana. BcnrepcKHH HapOA, 3aBepmnB TpëxjieTHHH njiaH sa ceMb c nojioBHHOH MecaueB ao cpoxa, npiiCTynnji k BbinojiHeiniio hoboto, naTHJieT- Hero njiaiia. HexocJiOBaKiia h BoJirapua nepeBbinojiHHJiH njiaH nepBoro ropa nHTHjieTKH, PyMbiHHH — TOAHHHbiH njian, AjiôaiiHH — njiaH nepBoro rOAa AByxjieTKH. HecMOTpa Ha AByxjieTHioio 3acyxy, cejibCKoe xo3hhctbo HapoAno-
■4eMOKpaTHneCKHX CTpaH AOCTHrJIO H JIM CKOpO AOCTHTHeT AOBOeHHOTO ypOBHH, a neKOTopbie CTpaHbi, Kan, HanpHMep, ilo iib in a , y>xe npeB3ouiJiH ero.
B cxpaHax napoAHOH AeMonpaTHn Bcë umpe pa3BëpTbiBaeTCH counajm- CTHnecKoe copeBHOBanne TpyAHUj,HxcH, paôoTaiomHX Hbme na ceÔH, Ha cboh
Hapoa, na cboërocyAapciBO. B neKOTopbix cTpanax b 1949 roAy counajmcTH- necKHM copeBHOBaHHeM ôbijio oxBaneHo 6ojiee 50% paôomix/Pa3BHTHe co- UHajiHCTHHecKoro npoH3BOACTBa npHBOAHT ko Bcë OojibmeMy yjiyqmeHHiO /f<H3HeHHbIX yCJIOBHH TpyAHUiHXCH B. CTpaH3X HapOAHOH AeMOKpaTHH, TAe He TojibKo nojiHocTbio JiHKBHAHpoB3Ha 6e3pa6oTiiua, ho ôecnpepbiBHO yBejIHHH-
3eTcH HHCJio paôoHHX h cjiyjKaiHHx, pacTëT hx 3apa6oTHaa njiaTa.
Bee 3TH ycnexH AoeTnrHyTbi CTpaHaMH HapoAHon AeMOKpaTHH b 6opb6e r a npeoAOjienne TpyAHOcTeñ, nopoaiAae.Mbix conpoTHBJieHHeM ocraTKOB pa3-
^PoivijieHHbix KJiaccoB h areHTypoH aHrJio-aMepHKaHCKoro HMnepnajiH3Ma, b
opbôe npoTHB areHTOB thtobckoô ôaHAbi uinnonoB, yÔHHH h AHBepcaHTOB, CToameñ Ha cJiyxiôe y aHrjio-aMepHKaHCKoro HMnepHajiH3Mâ. BepnbiM 3ajio-
6 riE P E flO B A fl
roM noöea eouHaancTHHecKoro crpoHTeabCTBa b crpaHax napoaHOH aeMOKpa- THH HBJiaeTCH 6paTCK3H nOMOUib BejIHKOH COUHaJIHCTH^eCKOH CTpaHbl — CoBeT"
CKoro CoK33a, naymero b aBanrapae öopböbi 3a cBeTaoe öyayuiee Bcsro aeao- BeqecTBa.
Bbiaatomneca ycnexH comiaancTHnecKoro CoBeTCKoro CoJ03a h CTpaH napo^HOH AeMOKpaTHH apao CBHaeTeabCTByiOT o npeiiMymecTBax comiaancTH- aecKOH CHCTeMbi xo3HHCTBa Haa KanHTaaHCTHnecKOH chctcmoh.
HcTeKuiee naTHaeTHe co BpeMeHH caaBHoii noöeabi Haa repMaHCKHM 4)aUIH3MOM H anOHCKHM HMnep'HajIH3MOM 03HaMeH0Bajl0Cb T3KHM BCeMHpHO- ncTopHaecKHM coßbiTHeM, Kai< noöeaa reponnecKoro KHTañcKoro napoaa, py- KOBOflHMoro KOMMynHCTHaecKOH napTiiea K utas bo rjiaBe c eë BoxtaeM Mao U.3e-ayHOM, Haa cnaaMH roMHHaaHOBCKOH peaKUHH u aMepaKancKoro HMnepHajiH3Ma, h oöpa30BaHHe KHTañcKOH napo/uioíi pecnyöaHKii. BpaTCKoe coapyxíecTBo CoBeTCKoro Coio3a h KnTañcKoñ HapoaHoii pecnyöaHKH, 3a- KJUoaeHHe Mernay hhmh üoroBopa o apyiKÖe, coio3e u B3anM¡ioñ noMoma, a TaKJKe coraameHHÖ, npn3BanHbix cbirpaTb BajKHyio pojib b BoccTaHOBaeHHH u pa3BHTHH Hapoanoro xo3HHCTBa KiiTaa, SHaMenyior ruraHTCKHH B K aaa b aeao aaabHeiimero yxpenaeHHH aarepa aeMOKparan u com-iaai-i3Ma, b aeao ynpenaenna cfipoHTa 6opb6bi 3a npoHHUH MHp.
HcTopiniecKaa noöeaa Cobotckoh ApMim naa niTaepoBCKiiM tj3auin3MOM
0 3Haqaaa HacTynaeHHe HOBoro siana b jkh3hh repMancKoro napoaa. Boopy- a<ëHHbie Cnabi CoBeTCKoro Coro3a, pa3rpoMiiB repMaHCKHH c})amH3M, ocBoôoanan napoabi, b tom nucae u repMaHCKHH napoa, ot rira riiTaepH3Ma.
HwenHo ÖJiaroaapH noöeae, oaepxcaHHoñ Ccbctckhm Coiosom Haa <}j aHiH3- MOM, CTa.HO B03M0>KHbIM 0 0pa3 0EaHIie 1'epMaHCKOH aeMOKpaTIiaeCKOH pec- nyöanKH, HBHBiueecH noBopoTHbiM nyHKTOM b HCTopmi Eßponbi.
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ycnexH aarepa aeMOKparan n couHaaH3Ma Bbi3biBaioT öeineHyio 3aoöy
b jiarepe HMnepnaan3Ma u peaKunn. B naaernae noBepnyTb Koaeco i-iCTopHH BcnHTb, noaaBHTb aHTHHMnepHaancTHnecKoe, aeMoxparanecKoe asiuKem-ie h
yTBepariTb CBoë rocnoacTBO naa Been MiipoM HMnepnaancTbi C1UA CTpeMHTCH pa3Ba33Tb HOByio MHpoByio ÖOHHK). H a noaroTOBKy HOBofi BOHHbi naueaeHa bch
noaHTHKa aurao-aMepiiKaHCKoro nMnepnaancTHnecKoro aarepa. 3toh noan- THKe caya<aT xaôaabHbiH «naaH M apm aaaa», ero HenocpeacTBeHiioe npoaoa- jxeHHe — 3anaaHbin coio3 h CeBepo-aTaaHTnnecKHH BoeHHbifł öaox, HanpaB- aeHHbie npoTHB Bcex cBOÖoaoaioÖHBbix HapoaoB, ôe3yaep>KHaa roHKa Boopy- aieHHH, pa3ayBaHHe BoeHHbix öioaa<eTOB, pacrnnpeHne cení aMepiiKancKHX BoeHHbix öa3. 3Ta noaHTHKa HaxoanT CBoë BbipaaceHHe b OTi<a3e aHrao-aMe- pHKaHCKoro öaona ot 3anpemeHHH aTOMHoro opyacna h bo BcanecKOM pa3HíH- raHHH BOeHHOfl HCTepHH.
HMnepnaaHCTbi CHIA h AHraHH, copBaBunie norcaaMCKyio nporpaMMV MHpHoro ypervanpoBaHHH nocae BTopoñ mhpoboh bo hhü, He öpe3ryiOT hhk3-
KHMH CpeaCTBaMH, HTOÖbl BBepruyTb HapoabI B nyHHHy HOBOH BOHHbl.
Kan H3BecTHo H3 neaaTH, 8 anpeaa 1950 ro a a aMepHKaHCKHH BoeHHbifi caMoaëT «B-29» («JleTaiouraa xpenocTb») Hapymna coBeTcxyio rpaHHuy k»k- Hee JlHöaBbi (Jlnenaa), npoaeTeß b rayöb CCCP Ha 21 KnaoMeTp. y>xe caMbiil cpaKT noHBaeHHH bochhoto caMoaëTa C IIIA Haa TeppHTOpueñ CoBeTCKoro CoK)3a CBHaeTeabCTByer oó arpecciiBHbix HaMepeHHax aMepHKaHCKiix aBaH- TiopncTOB. CoBeTCKoe npaBHTeabCTBO 33HBHao npaBHTeabCTBy CUJA peiun- TeabHbiH npoTecT npoTHB H araoro napyineHHH aMepHKaHCKHM Boei-mbiM caMo-
æ&î'om rpaHHU Hameñ PoaHHbi, cnpaßeaaHBo KBaantJaimipyH sth aencTBiia
n E P E flO B A H
aMepHKaHCKHx aB3HTíopncTOB KaK HecJibixaHHoe HapymeHHe ajieMeHTapnbix HopM MejKflyHapoflHoro npaBa.
3opKO ctoh «a cTpaxce cbohx rpatrnu h CBoero rocyaapcTBeHHoro cyBe- peHHTeTa, COBeTCKHH C0'IO3 TBépAO H IlOCJleflOBaTejIbHO npOBOAHT B HCH3HH
cboio MHpojHoÓHByio nojiHTHKy. Ha CTpaxce MHpa ctoht, khk Moryqnfi yTéc, HecoKpyuiHMbiñ CoBeTCKHÍi C 0103 — CTpana noóe,a.HBinero cou,najiH3Ma, sa- uíHmaiomaH aejio MHpa h fleMOKparaH bo bcSm MHpe, CBodoay h He3aBHCH- MOCTb ÓOJIbWHX H M3JIHX HapOflOB.
H a p o /iu CoBeTCKoro Coio3a, saHHTbie cxpoHTejibCTBOM KOMMyHHSMa, CTpeMHTCH K MHpy. BblpaXCeHHeM HX MHpHblX CTpeMJieHHH 53BJIH€TCH CTajiHH- GKaa BHeuiHHH nojiHTHKa CoBexcKoro Coio3a, HanpaBjieHuaa Ha odecneqeHBe npoHHoro MHpa Mexcay HapoaaMH h BceMepHoe pa3BHXHe apyxcecTBenHoro coTpya,HHHecTBa MHpojnofínBbix HauHH. BHemHHH nojiHXHKa CoBexcKoro Coro- 3a, nocjieAOBaxejibHO ocymecxBjiHeMaa boa pyKOBOACTBOM TOBapHiua CxaJIHHa, HCXOflHT H3 peajIBHOH B03MOXÍHOCTH MHpHOrO COCyiHeCXBOBaHHH ,5Byx ciicxeM, H3 bo3moxchocth MiipHoro copeBHOBamiH cou,HajiH3Ma c Kann-
T3JIH3MOM.
CoBexcKoe rocyaapcTBO, co3aanHOe JleHHHbiM h CxajiHHbiM, c Haqajia CBoero cym&CTBOBaHHH óopexca 3a MHp Mexcay HapoaaMH. JlexpeT o MHpe 6bui npHHHT b HHCJie nepBbix aeKpexoB cosexCRoro npaBHxejibcxBa. Ot HMe-
hh CoBexcKoro npaBHxejibcxBa JleHHH Ha a p yro íí »ce «eHb nocjie BejiHKoñ OiKXHdpbCKOH COUHajlHCTHHeCKOH peBOAIOUHH npeflJIOHíHJI BCeM BOIOÍOIH.HM cxpaHaM naqaib neperoBopti o MHpe.
Pa3o5jiaqaa ahtjio-aMepHKaHCKHx HMnepuaahctob, BbicxynHBUiHX raaBa- pHMH H OpraHHSaiOpaMH BOOpyjKéHHOH HHOCXpaHHOH HHXepBeHUHH npOXHB M ojiofloñ pecnydjiHKH CoBexo.B, B. H . JleHHH oxMeqaa HeyjcaoHHoe CTpeMjieHue napoflOB k cBoóoAe, k MnpnoMy Tpyay. « IlycT b aMepHKaHCKHe KanHxajmcxM He xporaiox Hac,— 33hbh.ii .JleHHH KoppecnoHfleHxy aMeprncaHcicoH 6ypxcya3-
hoh ra3exbi b 1920 r o a y .— Mh hx He TpoHeM». JleHHH nofluépKHBaji HeH3- MeHHoe CTpeMjieHHe CoBeTCKoñ Pocchh k MHpy, yica3biBaH b to »ce BpeMH,
ato npenaxcxBHeM a»» xanoro MHpa HB»aexca «HMnepHajiH3M co cxopoHM aMepHKaHCKHX (k3K H Jliodbix HHblx) KanHT3AHCTOB».
COBeTCKHH CoK>3 riOCAeAOBaTeXbHO H HeyKJIOHHO IipOBOAHA H npOBOAHT nojiHXHKy MHpa h apy»<6bi Mexcay HapoaaMH. CoBexcKHH C 0103 6mji nepBbiM H ea,HHCxBeHHbiM rocyaapcTBOM b MHpe, KOTopoe npeaxaraxo aeñcTBeHHbie Mepbi npoxHB pocxa cjiaimicTCKOH arpeccHH HaxaHyHe BTopoH mhpoboh boh- Hbi. B nep»oa bohhm b Hoxdpe 1944 roaa Boxcab coBercxoro napoaa TOEapHm, Cxa»HH BbiflBHHyji 3aaaqy: «caexaxb neB03M0»<HbiM BO3HHKH0BeHHe
hoboh arpeccHH h hoboh Boñubi, ecjin ne HaBcerAa, to no KpañHeñ Mepe
b TeqeHHe AJiHxejibHO-ro nepuo^a BpeMeHH».
BepHoe CBoeñ mhphoh nojiHTHKe, coBeTCKoe npaBHTejibcTBo ^ejiaeT Bcé flJIH TOrO, qTOdbl OdecneqHTb flJIHTejIbHblñ MHp, CTOJIb HeOÓXOflHMblH RJIH ttapoflHbix Mace Bcex CTpaH. ÜMeHHo d jia ro fla p n HeycTaHHoñ 3a6oTe coBer- CKoro npaBHTejibCTBa o C03ziaHHH ycJiOBHH ruiHTejibHoro MHpa 6hjih aocthf- nyTbi H3BecTHbie corjianieHHH c C ÍIIA h BejiHKodpHTaHHeñ Ha JIjithhckoh
H rioTCflaMCKOH KOH(})epeHHHHX, OCHOBaHHbie Ha fteMOKpaTHqeCKHX npHHUH- nax; sth corjiauieHHH ^e jia jin bosmohchwm njio^oTBopHoe coTpyAHHqecTBo ae»HKHx aep»caB. CoBetcKHH C0103 BbiCTynHji aKTHBHeñiiiHM do^noM 3a
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ctbo coxpaHeHi-i» MHpa.
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^C P BbneKaex H3 caMoñ npHpoabi coBeTcxoro odmecTBeHKoro h rocya a p -
8 IIEPEaOB'AH
CTBeHHoro expon, xoBapHnx CxaaHH HeoaHOKpaxHO yKa3biBa/r, hxo Harna cxpa- Ha «cnocoÓHa bccxh h aeHCXBHxeabHo Beaex noaHXHKy MHpa, Beaex eé He (JjapHceñcKH, a necxHO h oxKpuxo, peuiHxeabHO h nocaeaoBaxeabHO». 3 x y nojiHTHKy, paccHHxaHHyio Ha yKpenaeHHe MHpa bo bcém MHpe, ropano noa- aepjKHBafOT qecxHbie aioan Bcex CTpaH. H apoaw 3HaiOT, nxo hx raaBHoft OnopOH B 3amHTe MHpa HBaHeXCH COBeXCKHH CoK)3, KOTOpOMy HyJKflbl K3KHe
6bl TO HH 6biaO 3aXBaTHHH6CKHe ydpeMjieHHH.
Bxopan MHpoBaH bohh3 npHHecjia wapoaaM HeHCHHCJiHMbie fíeacxBHH h
CTpaaaHHH. EcTecTBeHHo nosTOMy, nxo HapoflHbie Maccbi Bcex CTpaH Hacxoñ-
hhbo crpeMHTCH k ycTaHOBjieHHio npoHHoro h aaHTejibHoro MHpa. BnepBbie
b HCTOpHH HeaoBeaecTBa C03aan opraHH30BaHHbift (JipoHx MHpa, cu a u koxo- poro pacTyT h KpenHyT c Ka>KflbiM aHéM. rocyaapcTBa EBponbi h A3hh, 3a- uiHmaiomHe bo raaBe c CoBeTCKHM Cok>30m aeao MHpa, HacnHXbiBaíox cBbiuie 800 mhjuihohob HacejieHHH. BceMHpHaa opraHH3au,HH ctopohhhkob MHpa pac- npocTpaHaeT CBoé BaHHHHe Ha Hapoau Bcex cTpaii seMHoro uiapa. HeyiuiOHHO pacTymHH MeatayHapoaHbiñ (})poHX MHpa bo raaBe c CoBexcKHM Coío30m
pacnoaaraex HeHcaepnaeMbiMH . bo3mo/khocxhmh ajih o6y3aaHHH TéMHbix cna HMnepuaaHCTHHecKoñ arpeccun. Cboio raaBHyro 3aaany ctopohhhkh
Mupa bo Bcex cxpaHax bh^hx b xom, axoóbi npeBpaxnxb 3xh bo3mo>khocxh b
fleñcxBHxeabHOCxb, copBaxb KOBapHbie naaHbi noaaíHraxeaeñ bohhh h y x - pennxb aeao MHpa bo bcóm MHpe.
B bipaao a HenpeKaoHHyio Boaio CBo6oaoaio6iiBbix HapoaoB k Miipy, co- CTOHBuiaHCH b KOHiie Mapxa 1950 ro a a xpexbH ceccna nocxOHHHoro KOMHxexa BceMapHoro KOHrpecca cxopohhhkob MHpa npHnaaa B033BaHHe, b KoxopoM roBopHxca:
«M bi T p e f i y e M 6 e 3 y c a o B H o r o 3 a n p e m e hn a a to mh o
to o p y * H H x a K o p y * n a y c r p a m e n H a h M a c c o B o r o y H H H T O / K e H H H J H o a e i.
M b i x p e 6 y e m y c x a H O B a e H H H c x p o r o r o M o n a y a a - p o a H o r o K O H x p o a a 3 a h c n o a h e hii e m a x o r o p e m e hhh.
M b i c H H x a e M , h x o n p a B í i r e a b c x B O , K O T o p o e n e p - Bb l M n p H M C H H T n p o x H B n a K O f l - a n f í o C X p a H b l a X O M H O e o p y * h e, c o B e p u i H X n p e c x y n a e n H e n p o x i i B l e a o B e i e - c t b a h a o a > K H O p a c c M a x p H B a x b C H k a k b o e hh bi 8 n p e - c x y n hhk.
M b i n p h 3 h ba e m B c e x a kda e h a o 6 p o h b o a h B c e r o M H p a n o a n hc a x b a x o b o 3 3 b a hhe».
Pa3BepHyBmaacH KaMnaunsi no c6opy noani-iceñ noa B0 3 3B3HHeM riocxo- HHHoro KOMHxexa c hoboh CHaoñ aeMOHCxpupyex B0 3pocuiyro mooib aBH>Ke-
hhh 3a M iip bo bcém MHpe. TpyasuHuecH Bcex cxpan, cnaamiBaacb BOKpyr riocxoHHHoro KOMHxexa cxopohhhkob MHpa, ycnaHBaiox 6opb6y npoxHB noa- jKHraxeaen b o h h h, npeanpnHHMarox bcé 6oaee axxHBHbie h KOHKpexubie aeñcxBHH, HanpaBaeHHbie npoxHB pocxa bochuoh onacnocxn. FIpHMepoM Moacex cayaaixb My>KecxBeiiHaH 6opb6a {J)panu:y3CKHx aonepoB, oxKa3bi- BaiomHXCH pa3rpyjKaxb xpaHcriopxH c aMepHKancKHM opy>KneM h rpy3HXb BoeHHbie Maxepiiaau, npeanaaHaneHHHe aaa Beaenmi KoaonnaabHoñ bohhh
npoxHB BbexnaMa. IlpHMepy c¡)paiiu;y3CKHx aoxepoB nocaeaoeaaH óeabrHH- CKne, roaaanacKne, aipHKaHCKHe nopxoBbie paOontie.
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yenana GopHOB 3a MHp HanpaBaeHbi k xoMy, nxodbi pa3-bHCHHXb uihpokhm
HapoaHbiM MaccaM HeoóxoaHMoexb aKXHBHoro yqacxHH b aauxHxe^ MHpa,
b 6opb6e npoxHB HMnepHaaHcxHnecKHx noa»<nraxeaeH b o h h h. Odmeñ naax- c})opMoñ 6opb6bi 3a MHp, Ha ocHOBe Koxopoñ nponcxoanx cnaoneHne caMbix uiHpoKHX caoéB HaceaeHHH, HBaaexcH xpeOoBaHHe o 3anpemeHHH axoMaoro
nE P E A Q B A H 9
OpyaCHH H o6 OÓHHBaeHHH B06HHUM npeCTynHHKOM npaBHTMbCTBa, KOTOpoe nepBMM npHMeHHT sto opyjKHe.
CBoöoflojiroöHBbie Hapoabi c yaoBaeTBopeHHeM OTMeqaioT, hto sa roa, HcreKiiiHH co BpGMeHH co3biBa nepBoro BceMHpHoro KOHrpecca ctopohhhkob
MHpa, npoaeaaHa ôoabinaa paôora no pa3o-6aaqeHHio KOBapHbix naaHOB HMne- pnaancTHnecKon arpeccnn, no cnaoqeHHio h opraHH3auHH MHoroMHjuinoHHofi apMHH 6opnoB 3a MHp bo BcëM MHpe. H o 3T0 — jin u ib nepBbie m are rpaHAH03- HOH ôopbébi 3a Mnp h 6e3onacHocTb HapoaoB, KOTopaa pa3BëpTbmaercH Hbme Ha BcëM 3eMHOM mapę. B stoh 6opb6e He MoaceT ôbiTb HeHTpaabHWx. PacTy- mee h Kpenriymee aBioKeHne ctopohhhkob MHpa oóneanHaeT b cbohx paaax Bcex, KTO 33HHT6peC0BaH B COXpaHBHHH MHpa H 3anpei]jeHHH aTOMHOrO opy- JKHH. Jlroa» caMbix pa3aHHHbix B03pacTOB K npo(J)eccHH, BepOHcnoBeaaHHÎi
h MHpoB033peHHH— Bce, kto Ha aeae xoqer npeaoTBpaTHTb p acrym yro onac- HOCTb HOBOH BOHHbl, BCT3I0T HOA 3H3M6Ha MOryHerO CppOHTa CTOpOHHHKOB MHpa, ycHJiHBaH 6opb6y npoTHB Boetmoñ arpeccHH, noaroTOBaaeMOH aHrao- aMepHKaHCKHMH HMnepuaaHCTaMH.
PeaKHHOHHyro, aBaHTtopHCTHqecKyro bhsihhioïo noaHTHKy, paccnHTaHHyro na pa3BH3biBaHHe hobos BOHHbi, aHTao-aMcpHKaHCKHe HMnepnaancTbi npo-
boaht npH 3KTHBH0H noaaepaiKe npaBbix conHaancTOB — 3THX aaBHHx aaKeeB KanHTaaa, MacKHpyronnix cboko noaayio H3Meny aeay paôonero Kaacca h Bcex TpyaamHxcH a>Kecon.HaancTHqecKoñ h KocMonoaHTHqecKofl (J)pa3eoaorHeH.
Taaßapn npaBbix counaancTOB, Bpoae BeBHHa h 9ttjih b Ahtjihh, Th M oaae
bo OpaHUHH, CnaaKa b Beabrnn, IlIyM axepa b 3anaaHOH TepMaHHH, PeHHepa
b AßCTpHH, CaparaTa b H ia a n n , hbahiotch 3aeHuiHMH BparaMH MHpa, nocoô- HHK3MH H npOBOAHHKaMH HMnepHaAHCTHqeCKOH nOAHTHKH pa3BH3bIB3HHH HO
BOH BOHHbl. PaôoHHH Kaacc h TpyaniUHecH Bcero MHpa Bcë 6oaee othctjihbü bhaht aHTHiiapoaHyro aenreabHOCTb npaBbix counaancTOB, nbiTaiomHXCH no yKa3Ke HMnepnaaHCTOB npeßpaTHTb CTpaHbi Eßponbi h A3hh b KpoBaBoe noae 6oh.
BaHTeabHOCTb napoaoB copBCT npecTynHbie 3aMbicabi noaJKHraTeaeñ BoñHbi. HenpepbiBHO pacTymHH h KpenHymHH <f>poHT ôopbôbi HapoaoB 3a MHp cM erër co CBoero nyTH Bcex, kto yrpo>Kaer qeaoBeqecTBy hoboë mhpoboë
ßoHHen, kto cnocoöcTByeT ycHaeHHK) peaKixHH bo Bcex oßaacTHX oömecTBen- Hoñ HÍH3HH. Hh npaßbiM conmaaHCTaM, npeaaiomHM h npoaaiomHM HauHo- HaabHbie HHTepecbi h HauHOHaabHbiH cyBepeHHTer HapoaoB 3anaaHoß Eßponbi CBOHM 3aOK63HCKHM X03HeB3M, HH UinHOHCKOÖ ÖaHAS ThTO — PaHKOBHqa, cocTOHUien b ycay>KeHHH y aMspHKaHCKoro HMnepHaaH3Ma, hh npaBHUiHM arpeccHBHbiM KpyraM CHIA h AHraHH He yaacTca ocaaÖHTb ABHHieHHe cto
pohhhkob M Hpa— caMoe Moryqee h >KH3HeHHoe AßH>KeHHe coBpeMeHHOCTH.
B npH3biBax U K B K n (6 ) ropaqo n pu b eTCTB y iotch Hapoabi Bcex CTpaH, öoprouTHecH 3a Miip, 3a aeMOKpaTHio, 3a couHaaH3M.
TpyflHuiHccH Hamen CTpaubi npHBeTCTByiOT Hapoflbi lOrocaaBHH, Beay- ttuie ocBoóoaHTeabiiyio 6opb6y npoTHB cJiaumcTCKOro pe>KHMa KaHKH Thto, npoTHB aaKeeß HMnepnaan3Ma.
Ha 6opb6y npoTHB npoHCKOB noaa<HraTeaeö bohhu noaHHMaiotch Bcë ßoaee umpoKHe caon aMepHKancKoro h anraHHCKoro HapoaoB. B npH3bißax U K B K H ( 6 ) roBopHTCH: «Jla 3apaBCTByeT j i p y x ö a HapoaoB AHrann, Co- eÆHHëHHbIX ÍÜTaTOB AMepHKH H CoBeTCKOrO CoK)3a B HX 6opb6e 3a MHp BO Bc6M MHpe!»
CoBeTCKHH napoa, Hapoa-noöeaHTeab b BeaHROH OTeaecTBeHHOH BOHHe, HaPoa-co3naaTeab KOMMyHHCTHaecKoro oömecTBa, cnaoaëHHbiH BOKpyr nap-
t hh JleHHHa — CTąaHHa, yßepeHHO HaëT b aßaHrapae 6opb6bi 3a npoqnhiñ MhP Meacay HapoaaMH, 3a Hapoauyio aeMOKpaTHio. Bo3raaßaHeMoe Co- BeTCKHM C01030M, pyKOBoaHf^biM BeaHqaHiHHM ryM3HHCT0M qeaoBeqecTBa — ToßapHmeM CTaaHHbiM, Moryqee aßH>KeHHe ctopohhhkob MHpa cnocoGno npe- r PaAHTb riyTb BOHHe, OTCTOHTb cupaBe^auBoe ae^o MHpa bo bcćm MHpe.
10 nE P E A O B A H
M np noSe^HT BofiHy, h6o, KaK yKa3biBaji TOBapam Ct b a h h, «c ah h iko m
>KHBbi b naMHTH HapoAOB yiaacbi HeflaBHea b o h h h h cjihihkom bcjihkh o6me- CTBeiiHbie CHJibi, cTOHmne 3a MHp, qio6bi yqeHHKH MepaiiAAfl no arpeccun MOrJIH HX OflOJieTb H nOBepHyTb B CTOpOHy HOBOH BOHHbl».
M n p no6eflHT BOHHy, h6o chah MHpa h AeMOKpaTHH, onapaiomHecH Ha Bee BoapacTaiomee cnAoneHiie i-iapoAHbix Macc, pacT yr HeH3MepHMO SncTpee, qeM qepHbie c iijih HMnepaaAHCTHaecKOH peaKUHH, noAJKHraTejieii bohhh.
M ap nofieAHT BOHHy, h6o BnepBbie b hctophh qeAOBeaecTBa co3AaH opra- HH30BaHHbIH (JipOHT MHpa; 3T0T (JlpOHT B03rAaBA5ieTCH MOryHHM COBCTCKHM C0K)30M — Ha,He>KHbIM OnAOTOM H 3HaMeHOCHeM MHpa BO BCeM MHpe.
CoBexcKHH Hapon, Hapo^Hbie Maccbi Bcex CTpan, OTMeaaH 1 M an — aeHb cojiHflapHocTH TpyflHiHHXCH, fleHb dpaTCTBa paSoqHx Bcex crpaH — h iihth- jie ra e BceMHpHo-HCTopHaecKOH nodeAbi HaA 4>aiiiH3MOM, ASMOHCTpapyioT
cbok) HenpeKAOHHyio bojho k 3amHTe MHpa, cnJianHBaiOT cboh p h a h, i<pe~
nax .womb Jiarepn AeMOKpaTHii h couHajiH3Ma.
riepBOMaHCKiie npii3biBbi L IK B K n ( 6 ) , Bbipaiaaiom He nyecTBa h noMHCAH MHJUIHOHOB ..TIOAefi, 33HHTbIX MIipHHM C03HAaTejIbHbIM TpyAOM, 30ByT TpyAH- ih h x c h, HapoAH Bcex CTpaH ycHJiHTb 6opb6y npoTHB noA>KHraTejieH b o h h h..
riy c T b >Ke cHJibHee 3ByiHT HaA m h po m npH3HB:
«TpyAHHinecH Bcex CTpaH! Pa3o6AaaaHTe npecTynHbie ruiaHH n o A *H ra - Tejien b o h h h! PacuinpHHTe h yKpenjiHHTe MoryaHH cjipoHT ctopohhhkob MHpa!
3aipHTa MHpa — AeAO Bcex HapoAOB MHpa!»
CoBeTCKHH HapoA, BCTpeqaa nepBOMaficKHH npa3AHHK h o b h m h ycnexaMH B CTpOHTeJIbCTBe KOMMyHHCTHHeCKOrO oSmeCTBa, C BeAH'iaHIHHM nOAteMOM np0B03rjiam aeT:
«JJa 3ApaBCTByeT Hauia BeAHKaa coBeTCKaa PoAHHa — TBepAbiHH Apy^<*
6bl H CAaBbI HapoAOB Harnefi CTpaHbl!»
« J \ a 3ApaBCTByeT BeAHKan napTiin 6oAbineBHKOB, napTHH JleHHHa — CiaAHHa, 3aKaAeiiHbiH b 6o h x aBanrapA coBeTCKoro HapoAa, BAOXHOBHTeAb H opraHH3aTop Hauinx no6eA!»
«PIoA 3H3MeHeM JleHHHa, noA BOAHTeAbCTBOM CTaAHna — BnepeA, k no6e- Ae KOMMyHH3Ma!»
B. H. JleHHH H H. B. C iaJIH H
O C T p O H T C J I Ł C T B e K O M M J H H S M â
U - C m e n a u n u
C HMenaMH BOHCfleñ coBejCKoro Hapoja h Bcero nporpeccHBHoro nejio- BenecTBa — JleHHHa h CrajiHHa cBH33Ha anoxa KopeHHoro noBopoTa b p a 3 B H -
THH BCeMHpHOH HCTOpHH, STTOXa KpyilieHHH KanHTaJIH3Ma H noôeflbl KOMMyHH3- Ma. BejiHKHe ¡spoAOjmaTejiH ôeccMepTHoro Aejia MapKca hSnrejibca — JleHHH
h CrajiHH — boihjih b MHpoByio HCTopnio KaK reHHajibHbie TeoperaKH h bojk-
âh paôonero Kjracca, xaK b^oxhobhtcjih h opraHH33Topbi CTpomejibCTBa kom- MyHHCTHHecKoro oômecTBa.
COBeTCKHH Hapofl, HflH no JieHHHCKOMy nyTH noa pyKOBOACTBOM TOBapiiLua CTajiHHa, nocipon a cou,KaAH3M h Hbme ycnemno aBHJKeTca Bnepëa, K Bbicmeâ cjîase KOMMyiiHSMa. B TBopnecKOM Tpyae coBeTCKoro Hapoaa B03- HHKaioT h pasBHBaiOTCH xapai<TepHbie nepTbi èyayuiero oômecrBa. Ocyme- CTBJiHeTCH npeaBHaeHHe JleHHHa o tom, hto «npH noaaep>KKe npojieîapcKoâ rocyaapcTBenHOH BJiacm, poctkh KOMM.yHH3Ma He 3anaxHyT, a pa3pacTyTCH H pa30BbK>TCH B nOJIHblH KOMMyHH3M» (CoH., T. X X IV , CTp. 345). M bI HaXO- AHMCH H3 T3K0H CTaAHH p33BHTHH COBeTCKOFO OÔmeCTBa, KOTAS HOAAHHHO HO- Boe, nporpeccHBHoe y>Ke cosnaaaeT b hSm c KOMMyHHCTHHecKHM.
* * *
OcHOEOnOJlOÎKHHKH HayHHOTO KpMMyHH3M3 MapKC H SurejIbC OÔpHCOBa- JiH oômne KOHTypbi KOMMyHHCTHHecKoro oômecTBa. Ohh yKa3aJin, hto nyTb K HeMy Jie>KHT nepe3 AHKTaTypy npoaeiapnaTa, hto KOMMyHH3M b cboôm
P33BHTHH HpOHAeT ABe 4)3 3bi: COHHajlH3M KaK HepByiO H KOMMyHH3M KaK Bbicmyio (})a3y hobopo oômecTBa. JleHHH h CîajiHH pa3BHJin h oôoraTHJiH ¡wap- KCHCTCKoe yqeHHe o nocrpoeHHH KOMMyHHSMa, aajiH xapaKrepHCTHKy o6enx
4>a3 KOMMyHHCTHHeCKOrO OÔmeCTBa, paCKpbUIH HX OÖmne nepTbl H OTA'HHHTejIb- Hbie OCOÔeHHOCTH, OTKpblJIH 3aKOHbI CTpOHTejIbCTBa KOMMyHH3M3.
JleHHH h CrajiHH ynaT, hto coimajiH3M h KOMMyHH3M, óyayi'H pa3AHH- HblMH CTyneHHMH 3peJIOCTH HOBOH, BUCHICH OÖLUeCTBeHHO-SKOHOMHHeCKOH
^OpMai^HH, HM610T B CB06ÍI OCHOBe O AH H H TOT * e CnOCOÔ npOH3BOACTBa, OÄH- HaKOBo onnpaioTCH Ha oômecTBeHHyio coóctbchHOCTb Ha cpeACTBa npoH3- ßOACTBa. JleHHH nucaji o cou,HajiH3Me: «HocKOJibKy o 6 m, e h coôcTBeHHo- CTblO CTaHOBHTCH CpeACTBa npOH3BO.ACTBp, nOCTOJIbKy CJIOBO «KOMMyHH3M» H TyT npHMeHHMO, ecjiH ne 3a6biBaTb, hto 3to he nojiHbiñ KOMMynHSM». (Coh., T- 25, H3A. 4, CTp. 442). Kax npn couHajiH3Me, TaK h npa KOMMyHH3Me oSmecTBeiiHaa coôcTBeHHOCTb Ha cpeacTBa npoH3BOACTBa npeA nojiaraer Ha- HHAHBHAyaJlbHOH COÔCTBeHHOCTH Ha TIpeAMeTbl nOTpeÔjieH'HH, KOTOpbliMH Bo Bcë yßejiHHHBaiomHXCH pa3Mepax cHaöxiaeT TpyAfliUHxcH ôbicTpo pacTy-
npoii3BOACTBo.
J Ij ih oôeux cj)a3 K O M M y H H 3 M a x a p a K T e p H a o 6 iu ,H o c T b o c h o b h h x 3 a K O H o -
^ e p H o c T e ñ p a 3 B H T H H . 3a K O H O M ep H O C T b K ), o 6 m ,e ñ ajih c o u ,H a jiH 3 M a h K O M M y - HH 3 M a , HBJiaeTCH nOJIHOe COOTBeTCTBHe M e J K A y npO H SBO A C TB eU H blM H OTHOUie- eCTBa — O THOHieHHHMH C O TpyA H H H eC TBa H B 3 3 H M H 0 H n O -
— H o 6 m e C T B € H H b !M X a p a K T e p O M n p O H 3 B O A H T e jIb H b IX CHJI.
O T H om e H H H K a K n p H c o u ,H a jiH 3 M e , T a K h n p a K O M M yH H 3 M e c ° 3 A a io T ô e s r p a m iH H b iH n p o c T o p a j i h P 3 3 B Ht h h n p o H 3 B O A H T e jib H b ix c h j i. 3t o
"HHMH HOBOTO OÔDJ,
T p y flH m H X C H - CpOH3BOdCTBeHHbie
12 II. CTEÜAHflH
HCKJUOTaeT B03M0>KHOCTb K0H(|)AHKT0B MOKAy paCTyiHHMH npOH3BOAHTeAb- HblMH CHA3MH H npOH3BOflCTBeHHbIMH OTHOIHeHHHMH. BMeCTe C HenpepbIBHblM pOCTOM npOH3BOflHTeJIbHbIX CHA H€yKAOHHO yKpenJIHKITCH H pa3BHB3IOTCH npo- H3BOHCTBeHHbi€ oTHoiueHHH, hto, b cbok) onepeAb, cnocoocTByeT ycKopeHHOMy pa3BHTHIO IipOH3BOflHTeJIbHbIX CUJI.
Hh npn com iajiH 3Me, hh npn KOMMyHH3Me Hei sKcnjiyaiaTopcKHX KJiac-
cob h SKcnJiyaTauHH neAOBena hcaobckom, HeT HaiiHOHajibHoro ymeTemiH.
Odinen nepTOH conHann3Ma h KOMMyHH3Ma HBAaeTca paBHaa odasaH- HOCTb Bcex padoTaTb no cbohm cnocodHocTHM. JleHHH roBopnji 06 oda3a- TSJIbHOCTH Tpyna K3K npH COUHaAH3Me, T3K H npil KOMMyHH3M6. TOBapHUI CTajiHH no^népKHBaeT, hto h npn con,naJiH3Me h npn KOMMyHH3Me dyuex cy- mecTBOBaib p a B H a a oÓH3aHHOCTb Bcex TpyAHTbca no cbohm cnocodHO- CTHM.
Banmeninen oómen aah odenx cf)a3 KOMMyHH3Ma 3aK0H0MepH0d b ro hb- jineTcn co3HaTejibHoe ynpaBJieHHe odmecTBeHHOH a<H3Hbio, njiaHOBOCTb Bcero napo^noro xo3añcTBa, He 3Haiomero aHapxnn npoH3BOACTBa, SKOHOMHHecKHX KPII3HC0B H de3padOTHIIbI. lljiaHHpOBaHHe X03HHCTB3 B CCCP HMeeT CBOeií neAbio yBejinneHHe odmecTBeriHoro doraTCTBa, neyKJioHHoe noBbimeHHe Maie- pnajibHoro n KyJibTypHoro ypoBHH WH3HH TpyAaiiiHXca, yupenAenne odopoHbi CTpaHbi. yjiynmeHHe MaTepnajibHoro noAoaieHHa TpyAamnxca n HenpepbiBHbiH pocT hx noTpedHOCTen aBAaioTca nocToaHHbiM ciHMyjioM pacinnpeHHH npo- H3B0ACTB3. Poct noTpe6AeHHa B CCCP odronaeT pocT npoH3BOACTBa, t o a io h
ero Bnepéfl. TaKOBO xapaKTepHoe ajih noBoro cnocoda npOH3BOACTBa, HeaH- TaroHHCTHnecKoe npoTHBopeHHe.
Odmen 3aKOHOMepHOCTbK> n ABHJKymeñ ciiaoh pa3BHTHa odenx $ a 3 kom- MyHH3Ma HBJineTCH KpiirnKa n caMOKpmHKa, noM oraioinaa npeoAOAeHiuo CTa- poro, oTiKHBaiomero, h p o c iy Honoro, nporpeccnBHoro. Jlennn roBopHA, hto
«padora HacToamero cipoHTejibCTBa — aro ecTb npnMeneHne kphthkh h ee conep>KaHHe» (Con., t. X X V , c ip 495). Bbipa>KenneM AeAOBon peBOAionnoH-
hoh caMOKpHTHKH Mace, onupaiomeñca na TBopaecKyio HununainEy m iia a h o-
hob TpyAHUinxca, cjiyiKHT connajincTHHecKoe copenHOBaHue.
ToBapnin, CTaJinn yHHT, hto nanoB cnocod npoH3BOACTBa A^UHoro odme- CTB3, T3KOBbI B OCHOBHOM H IIAeH H TCOpiIH 3T0T0 OOLUeCTBa. B KanHTaAHCTH- necKOM odmecTBe dopioTca Asa b Kopue npoTHBonoAoiKHbix MHpoB0 3 3peHHH, ABe nenpHMHpHMbie HAeoAorHH — dyp>nya3Haa n npojieiapCKaa. Hoboh, kom- MynncTHnecKOH (J)opMau,HH — n Ha nepBon n Ha BTOpoñ eé ciaAHH npncyiiiH eAHHaa KOMMyHHCTHHecKaa HAeoAorHa, eAHHoe MiipoB0 3 3peHHe, eAHHaa AJiH Ecero odmecxBa KOMMyHHCTHHecKaa MopaAb.
Me>KAy nepBon h BTOpoH c},a3aMti KOMMyHH3Ma HMeioTca n cymecTBeH- Hbie pasAHHHa. JleHHH h Ct3jihh ynaT, hto KOMMyHH3M oTAHnaeTca ot couna- AH3M3 no CTeneHH pa3BHTHH H 3peAOCTH HOBOrO odmeCTBa. JleHHH nHCaA, HTO
«HayHHOe pa3AHHHe MOKAy C0UHaAH3M0M H KOMMyHH3MOM TOAbKO TO, HTO nepBoe caobo 03HanaeT nepByro cTyneHb BbipacTaiomero H3 i<annTaAH3Ma ho-
boto odmeCTBa, BTopoe caobo — doAee BbicoKyio, AaAbHeííuiyro CTyneHb ero»
(Con., T. X X IV , CTp. 336).
C 0UH3AH3M He MOHieT dbITb «BnOAHe CBOdOAHblM OT TpaAHUHH HAH CAe- AOB KaiIHTaAH3Ma» (B. H. JI e H H H. Con., T. 25, H3A- 4, CTp. 442). 3th Tpa- Ahuhh h cAeAM HaxoAaT cBoé KOHKpeTHoe BbipaixeHHe b nepeiKHTKax nanHTa- AH3M3 B 9K0H0MHI<e H C03HaHHH A lO A eiI. OcodeiUIO >KHByHH 0CT3TKH CTapOi’O B C03H3HHH AIOAeií.
OnpeAeAaa oTAHHHTeAbiibie n e p T b i KOMMyimcTHHecKoro odmeCTBa, TOBapnm Ora ahh yKa3biBaA, hto b HéM ne dyAeT HacTHoii codcTBenHOCTH Ha opyAaa h cpeACTBa npoH3BOACTBa, a dyAeT codcTBermocTb oomecTBeHuaa, KOAACKTHBHaa; ne dyAeT kabccob, a d yA yr TpyaieHHKH HHAycTPHH h ceAb- CKoro xo3HHCTBa, SKOHOMHHecKH ynpaBAHioLUHecH, Kan CBodoAHaa acconna- UHH TpyAHUlHxca; HapoAnoe xo3añcTBO, opraiiH3 0BaHHoe no rmany, dyAeT C>a3HpoBaTbca na Bbicmen TexiiHire Kan b odAacTH HHAycTpHH, Tan h b ooAa-
B. H. J1EHHH H H. B. C TA JIH H O C T P O H T E A bC T B E K O M M y H H 3 M A 13
era cejibCKoro xo3iiHCTBa; He 6yneT npoTHBonoAOJKHocTH Mex<Ay ropoAOM h
ÆepeBHéH, M e»ay npoMbimjieHHOCTbio h cexbCKHM xo3hhctbom; npoAyKTbi 6yjxyr pacnpe/iejiHTbCH no npHHuuny: «ot KaxcAoro — no ero ciiocoôhocthm, KaxcAOMy — no ero noTpeÓHocTHM»; Hayxa h ncKyccTBO ôyayr noAb30BaTbCH ycjiOBHHMH, ÓJiaronpHHTHbiMH ajíh hx noxHoro pacuBeïa.
H a V I I cr>e3Ae napran J le H H H roBopux: «...HannHaH couHaAHCTHuecKue npeo6pa30BaHH5i, mbi aoajkhm hcho nocTaBiiTb nepeu coôou uejib, k KOTopoü STH npeo6pa30BaHHH, b Kouue kohuob, uanpaBxeHbi, hmchho uejib co3AaHHH KOMMyHHCTHuecKoro oßmecTBa...» (Cou., T. 27, h3A; 4, erp. 103). H 3 stoh
nepcneKTHBbi hcxoaha JleHHH b cBoeü peuu Ha I I I cbe3Ae KOMCOMOJia, tobo- pu o 3auauax coio3a moaoaö>kh b nocTpoeHHu KOMMyHucrauecKoro oôiuecTBa.
BMecTe c TeM JlenHH yKa3bieaji, uto KOMMynii*M, kslk «6oxee bmcokhh bha
oôuiecTBa», mojkct «pa3BHBaTbCH jiHiub Torua, uorua Bnojme ynpouHTCH co- r.IuajiH3M» (Cou., t. X X IV , erp. 651). Hpu >kh3hh Jlenuna Bonpoc o nocTpoe-
hhh KOMMyHH3Ma boahoh Hameii CTpane HenocpeucTBeHHo em,ë ne BbiABHrax-
ch: Torua peub rnjia o BoccraHOBueHUH napoAHoro xo3hhctb3, pa3pymeHHoro nepBoü MHpoBOH bohhoh h HHrepBeHuueñ, o npHcryne k counajiHCTHuecKOMy dpOHTejibCTBy. Bonpocbi noerpoeHUH KOMMynu3Ma b CCCP BnjiOTHyio Bcia- JiH b xoue counajiHCTHuecKoro CTpomeubCTBa, ocoôeHHO b pe3yjibTaTe no- CTpoeHHH b OCHOBHOM couHajiH3Ma b Haiueii CTpaHe. J l m r a n Bnepëu Map- KCHCTCKO-JieHHHCKyiO HayKy, KOHKpeTH3HpyH H pa3BHB35I JieHHHCKyK) Teopuio O B03MOJKHOCTH nOCTpoeH115î COUHaJlH3Ma B OAHOH CTpaHe, TOBapHUJ, Ct3JIHH EnepBbie b HCTopim MapKCH3Ma CAexax bmboa o bo3mo>khocth noerpoeHHH KOMMyHH3M3 B OAHOÍÍ CTpaHe H B TOM CJlyuae,. eCAH COXpaHHTCH KanHTajiH- CTHuecKoe oupyxienue.
Bnepßbie b oßmeTeoperauecKOM njiaHe Bonpoc o bo3mo>khocth nocTpoe-
HHH K0MMyHH3M3 B OAHOH CTpaHC 6bIJI nOCTaBJieH TOBapnmeM ¿TaJlHHblM eiuë b 1926 rouy, Ha V I I pacumpeimoM nxenyMe H K K H , uorua naprau Be.ua peuiHTCjibHyio 6opb6y nporiiB tpoukhctob, OTpHuaBiUHx JieHHHCKyK) Teoputo couHajiHCTHuecKOH peBOJiiouHH. B ôeceue c nepBon aMepunancKOH paôoueu AejierauHeu b 1927 ro /iy TOBapum, CTajiun Taione roBopuji o bo3mo>khocth
nocTpocHHH KOMMyHH3Ma nepBOHauajibno b oahoh HjiH HecKojibKHx CTpaHax.
AHaJ1113HpyH MOKAVHapOAHbie yCJIOBHH ßopböbl 3a noôeuy KOMMyHHCTH- uecKoro oßmecTBa, TOBapHui CTajuiH OTMeuax: «Hejib3H npeucraBJiuTb uejio Tau, uto paôouiiH KJiacc oahoh CTpaHbi hjih HecKojibKHx CTpaH 6yueT htth k
coutiajni3My h TeM fiojiee k K0MMyiiH3My, a KanHTajiucTbi u p y n ix CTpaH ôyuyT CMOTpeTb na 3T0 paBHOAyurno h CHueTb cjio>Ka pyxH». fla jie e Tosapum CTajuiH yKa3HBaji, uto «io j k a h h cepbë3Hbiiî m ar k couHajTH3My h TeM 6oxee K KOMMyUH3My B TOH HJIH HHOH CTpaHe HeH3Ôe>KHO ÔyAeT C0np0B0>KAaTbC5î HeyuepJKHMbiM nopbiBOM paôouero KJiacca uaniiTajiHCTHuecKHx cTpan k 3aBoe- BaHHK) BJiacTH h couHajiH3M3 b 3THX CTpaHax» (Cou., T. 10, CTp. 134, 135).
3to nojiojKeHiie TOBapuma CTaxuna HMeeT HCKjnouHTejibHoe 3HaueHue aap. npaBHAbHoro noiiuMaHHH nepcncKTHB oômecTBeHHoro pa3BHTHH. CTaAHHCKoe npeABHAemie ocymecTBAneTCH b name BpeMH: counaxH3M nocTaBAeH b nopu- ÄOK AHH MHOTHX HapOAOB, CTpaHbl HapOAHOÔ AGMOKpaTHH npaKTHUeCKH COBep- uiaioT nepexoA k couHaAH3My— nepBoü (p>a3e KOMMyHH3Ma.
B CBoëM HCTopiiuecKOM A0K.JI3A6 na X V I I I ebe3Ae napTun b MapTe 1939 roAa TOBapHm CTauiiH yKa3biBax, uto, riocTpoHB couh3a h3m, m m haśm
BnepëA, k KOMMyHH3My. 3tot AOKxau TOBapuma CTaAHHa — nporpaMMa 3aBep- nocrpoeHHH couHauHCTHuecKoro oßmecTBa h noereneHHoro nepexoua 0T COUUaAH3Ma K K0MMyHH3My.
noAHyio h peaAbiiyio B03M0>KH0CTb nocTpoeiiHH KOMMyHH3Ma b Hauieft CTpane TOBapiiui, Cthahh euië pa3 noAuepKHyu b ceHTHÔpe 1946 roua. Ha Bonpoc O TOM, «B03M0>KeH AH «KOMMyHH3M B OAHOH CTpaHe», TOBapHIU Ct3AHH OTBeTHA: «KOMMyHH3M B OAHOH CTpaHe» BnOXHe B03M0>KeH, OCOÔeHHO B Ta- K°ñ CTpaHe, K3K CoBeTCKHH Coi03». HoCTpœHHe KOMMyHH3M3 B Hauieft CTpa- He oßecneuHBaeTCH He TOAbKo HaununeM t3khx ÔAaronpHSTHbix oö^eKTHEHbix ycAOBHH, Kaie HCHcuepnaeMbie npiipoAHbie öorarcTBa Hauten Poahhm, saun-
14 U. C T E ÍIA H H H
Maromea mecTyro nacTb 3eMHoro mapa, ho h 3aMeaaTejibHbiMH oco6eHHoeTHMH coBexcKoro erpom CoBeTCKHÍí CTpoií yTBepAHAca b Harnea CTpaHe, Bbm epaoji Bce acnbiTaHHH a A0Ka3aA, htooh HBJiaeTca jiyam ea cjropMoa opraHH3au,aa 06- mecxBa, caMbiM cosepmeHHbiM rocy/iapcTBeHHbiM cTpoeM.
llocTpoeHHe KOMMyHH3Ma b Harnea CTpaHe bo3m o>kh o, Aaaee, noTOMy,
tito coBeTCKHH HapoA — oto caMbifí peBOAronaornibia, repoaHecKaa HapoA B Miipe. JleHHH roBopaji: «...M u tot HapoA, KOTopbiií cyMeA,— ne ÓJiaronapa
oco6h m 3acjiyraM hjih acTopaaecKHM npeAHanepTaHHHM, a ójiaroaapa oco- 6oMy cuenjieHHio acTopiiHecKax oócTOHTeAbCTB,— cyMeji B3HTb Ha ce6a necTb noAHHTb 3H3MH MejKAyHapoAHOíi coaaaAHCTHHecKoa peBOAroaaa» (Coh., T. 27, H3A. 4, cTp. 161). JleHHH OTMeaaji, hto pyccKaa npoAeTapaaT HBJiaeTCH 3a- c’rpejibm»KOM peBOJiroaaoi-iHojo ABameHHH npojieTapaaTa Bcero Mapa, rjia s - HbiM AsaraieJieM KOMMyHHCTHHecKoa peBOAioaaa. B orHe BejiHKoií Okthópb-
ckoh coiiaajiHCTHHecKoa peBOJirouaa, b ro/ibi rpamnancKoa bo h h bi, oiparnaa Boopy*éHHbie noxoAbi HHTepBeHTOB, opraHasoBamibie Me>KAyHapoAHOH peaa- u,aea, bxoAe Bejiaxoa OTenecTBeHHOH b o h h h h noSeaonocHoro eé 3aBepmeHaa Bbipoc h3aKajiajiCH coBercKMM HapoA — TBopeu kommyha3ma. «Ham HapoA no npaBy cTarnaA ceóe cAaBy repoaaecKoro HapoAa»,— yKa3biBaA TOBapam Ct3AHH. CoBeTCKHH H3pOA, pyKOBOAHMblH napTHeH JleHHHa — CiaAHFia, He- yKAOHHO habt BnepeA, k KOMMyHH3My. B HAeaHO-noAHTHHecKOM OTHomenaH nam HapoA onepeAHA HapoAbi Apyrax CTpaa Ha ueAyro anoxy.
B o3MO>KHOCTb nocTpoeHHH K0 MMyHH3Ma b CCCP ofíecneHeHa TeM, HTO
m h HMeeM caMyio MyApyio napraro b Mape — napiaro JleHHHa — CTaAHHa, KOTOpaH yBepeHHo bcaSt Hamy crpaHy k KOMMyHH3My no Hea3BeAaHHbiM a HenpoTopéHHbiM nyTHM, BeAGT ycnemHo, noTOMy hto ona 3HaeT 3aKOHbi o6me- CTBeHHOrO pa3BHTHH, 33KOHbI nofíeAbl KOMMyHH3M3. BoAbmeBHCTCKaH napTHH co3A3Ha reHaeM JleHHHa a CTaAHHa a BoopymeHa HaynHo pa3pa6oTaHHoa nporpaMMoa CTpoaieAbCTBa noAHoro KOMMyaacTHHecKoro odmecTBa.
B paóoTax JleHHHa a CTaAHHa BCKpbiTbi 3 a koh o Mep h o ct a nepexoAa ot
C0H,aaAH3Ma k KOMMyHH3My, noi<a3aH nocTeneHHbia xapaKTep ototo nepexoAa, onpeAeAeHbi ocHOBHbie saAana CTpoaTeAbCTBa KOMMymmia.
JleHHH nacaA, hto «coaaaAH3M Hea36e>KHo aoajkch nocTeneHHO nepe- paCTH B K0MMyHH3M, Ha 3H3MeHH KOTOpOTO CTOHT: «KaJKAblH no CnOCOÓHOCTHM, KamAOMy no norpeÓHOCTHM» (Coh., t. 24, hsa^ 4, CTp. 62). Hcxoah H3 stoto
noAoaíeHHH a pa3BHBaa ero AaAbine, T O B a p a m Cthakh yKa3biBaA, htoc ocyme- CTBAeHaeM b ochobhom nepBoa t}ia3bi K0MMyHH3Ma a npaHHTaeM hoboh koh- CTHTyuaa «CCCP BCTymiA b HOByro noAocy pa3BHTHH, b noAocy 3aBepmeHHH CTpoaTeAbCTBa coaaaAHCTaHecKoro oSmecTBa a nocTeneHHoro nepexoAa k
KOMMyHHCTHHeCKOMy oSmCCTBy...» («KpaTKHH Kypc HCTOpHH B K n ( 6 )», CTp. 3 3 1 ).
KoHKpeTH3Hpya a pa3BHBaa yaenae o bo3mo>khocth nocTpoeHHH KOMMy- HH3Ma b oahoh CTpaHe, TOBapam Ct3Ahh BnepBbie b acTopaa MapKCH3Ma BbiABHHyA a ÓAecTame oóocHOBaA noAornenae o neodxoAHMOCTH cymecTBOBa-
hhh rocyAapcTBa a npa KOMMyruisMe, ecAa coxpai-iHTCH KaniiTaAacTHHecKoe OKpymeHae. 3to BeAHKoe HayHHoe oTKpfciTue TOBapama CTaAHHa Boopymaer coBeTCKHH HapoA npaBHAbHbiM noHaManaeM aaKOHOMepHOCTCH a nyTea CTpoa- TCAbCTBa K0MMyHH3M3.
* *
JleHHH eme ao noSeAH OKTflópbCKoñ conaaAHCTHHecKoa peBOAioana pacKpbiA orpoMiiyio poAb couaaAacTHHecKoro rocyAapcTBa b nocTpoeHHH cou.aaAH3Ma, b npoBeAenaa ochobhoto npaHuana nepBoii (Jia3bi KOMMyHH3Ma:
«OtKaa<Aoro — no ero cnocoÓHOCTHM, aa>KAOMy — no ero TpyAy^, KaK ne- oSxoAHMoro ycAOBHa nepexoAa k Bbicmea cf»a3e KOMMyHH3Ma. «Ho Tex nop, nona nacTynHT «Bbicmaa» cjoa3a KOMMyHH3Ma, nacaA JleHHH, coaaaAHCTbi TpefíyioT c T p o i K a a m e r o kohtpoah co cTopoHbi oómecTBa a c ó c t0- p o H b i r o c y A a p c T B a HaA Mepoñ TpyAa a Mepoñ noTipeÓAeHaa...» (Coh.,
t. 25, H3A. 4, CTp. 441). JleHHH HOAHépKHBaA: «YnéT a KOHTpoAb — bot r a a b-
