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E IE P E A O B A fl — HoBbie ycnexH coseTCKoft HayKH - • • • • • • j l . H JlbH M E B , T. O B H M K H H — UlecTHaauaTbifl tom Coihhchhö
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j j K O H A K O B — KHnra o connaancTHaecKOM BOcnpon3BOACTBe . . . . il. T P 0 4 > H M 0 B , E. flO M O rA E B A — OajibCH(|)HKauHa HCTopnn (¡ihjio- CO^HH ... ...
0 5 oaepeAHOM naoope cjiy m a ie jie ft b napTHnnwe uikojim . • • • • •
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nocTOHHHaa 3a6oTa óojibiueBHCTCKoñ napTHH a coBeTCKoro npaBHTejib- cTBa o pa3BHTHH uayKH, BceMepHaa h AeñcTBeHHaH noAAepjKKa ecex TBopne-
ckhx HaHHHaHHÖ h oTKpbiTHH b HayKe, 3a6oTa 0 TOM, HTOÖbl AOCTH»:eHHH Hay
KH Kan mo>kho 6o.äbiue cnocoöcrBOBajiH AaJibHeñuieMy pasBurato HapoAHoro Ko3HHCTBa, noBbimeHHio MaTepnajibHoro öjiarococTOftHHH h mwbëMy K yjitTyp- Horo ypoBHH Bcero HaceJieHHH,— Bcë sto ABHraeT Bnepe« coßeTCKyio HayKv.
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riojio>KeHHe cobgtckoh HayKH, oTiiomeHne k nen co CTopoiibi Hapoa,a, HHTepecaM KOToporo oHa cjiyxcHT, KopeuHbiM oöpa30M oTJinnaeTCH ot n o jio -
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ycneuiHoe peuiemie Bennanx 3ajian connanHcranecKOH peBoniouHH TpeSO'BajIO, K3K yHHT TOBápHIU. CTaJIHH, «napTHH fíoeBOH, napTH'H peBOJUO- HHOHHoS, flocTaxoHHo cMejiOH fljiH Toro, htoóh noBecTH npojieTapHeB Ha 6opb6y 3a BjiacTb, AocTaroH«o ónuTHoñ ajih toto, htoöh pa3o6paTbCH s CnO/KHblX yCJIOBHHX pCBOJIIOHHOHHOH OÖCTaHOBKH, H flOCTaTOHHO THÖKOH JhJlSl Toro, HTOÖbl OÖ'OHTH see H BCSTKHe nOÆBOflRbie K3MHH Ha ny'TH K UejIiH.
Be3 Taaoñ napTHH Henero h AyiviaTb o cbqphíóhhh HMnepHajiH3Ma , o 3aBoeBaHHii A H K T a ryp b i n p o n e T a p n a T a .
3 i a HOBaa napTHH ecib napTHH neHHHH3Ma» («Bonpocbi jieHHHH3Ma», CTp. 65. 11-e H3Ä-).
B pe3yjibTaTe no6e/tbi Okthöplckoh cou.nanHCTHqecaoH peBoniouHH npo- jitíTapnax ocHosaji caoë rocyaapcTBO, K-oxopoe HBHnocb opra«H3aúnen anac
í a npoji€TapH€B b rocynapcTBeHHyio BJiacTb. CoseTCKoe rocyuapCTBO 6bi.no ''npHSBaHo noflaBHTb conpoTHBjieHHe CBeprHyrax aacnnoaTaTopoB, oöecne- HHTb OÓOpOHy CTpaHhl, 0praHH30BaTb COmiaJIHCTHHeCKOe X03HHCTB0, yHHHTO- JKHTb KJiaCCbl, OnpeAeJÍHTb IiyTH H Cp6ĄC'J3Ba yCHeUIHOTO peineHHH KJiaCCOBblX 3ajiaq npojieTapoKoñ AHKTaTypbi.
y n pon en He rocyuapcTBeHHOH opraH H sanH H o p o n e T a p n a T a , p ya o B o u - CTByiOUieHCH .JieHHHCKO-CTaJIHHCKOH TeOpHeíí H nOJIHTI-IKOH H o e y m e - CTBjiHíouieH nojiHTHHecKoe BocnjäTaHHe TpyjiHinHXCH, He o 3 n a n a n o h »e motno o3HaqaTb a a a a ro -n H ö o yM.ajieHHH p o n « h SHaqsHHH n e p e u o B o ro ot- p n ^ a p a ö o n e ro KJiacca — e ro B e n n a o fi öonbuieBHCTcaoH napTHH, HBnHjomencH pyKOBOZtflUIHM HflpOM BCeX 0praiíH 3aU H H TpyÄHIIUIXCH.
ToBapiIUÍ CTajlHH B CBOHX neKUHHX « 0 6 OCHOBaX neHHHH3Ma» H B cboSm Tpyąe «K BonpocaM jieHHHH3Ma» uan reHHanbHbiñ ananim pomi napTHH h eë MecTa b cHCTeMe AHKTaTypH npojieTapHaTa. XapaKTepn3va pojib h Ha3naqeHHe napTHH b CHCTeMe Bcex opraHimauHH coBeTcnoro 06- uiecTBa, TOBapHin Ct3jxhh yKa33Ji, hto «eë Ha3HaneHHe coctoht b tom, HToñbi o ó b e A H H H T b pa6 oTy Bcex öea HCKJiioqeHHH MaccoBbix oprann- 3anHñ npojierapHaTa h H a n p a B j i H T b hx aêhctbhh k oahoh nenn, k
nejiH ocBo6o>KAeHHH npojieTapnaTa» («Eonpocbi jienHHH3Ma», CTp. 120.
11-e H3A-).
3Ty CBOK) o6-beAiHHHK)Lu,yio h HanpaBjiHfomyio pojib napTHH nponeTapnaTa BbinojiHHeT no OTHomemno ko BceM Apyi’HM ero KJiaccoBWM opraHHsaiiHHM emë Ao npHxoaa npojieTapHaTa k bjihcth. íloene npHxona nponeTapnaTa k
BJiacTH KOJiHnecTBo ero opranH3auHH h hx HHcnenHOCTb emë öojiee B03pa- cxajoT, h6o paciüHpHeTCH cipepa HCTopnaeoKOH ueHTejibHOCTH paöouero añacea, oxBaTbiBan ne Tonbao oónacTb nonHTHqecaofi KJiaccoBon öopböbi, ho h oójiacTb rocyAapcTBenHoro pyKOBOACTBa oömecTBOM, crpoHTejibCTsa co- HHajI'HCTHHeCKOrO X03HH‘CTB3 H KyjIbTypbl.
«Ho Kan ocymecTBHTb, — roBopnji TOBapnm CTajiHH, — eAHHoe pyao- B0ACTB0 npH TaKOM oÖHJiHH opraHH3auHH? I\ne rapaHTHH, hto nanm ne MHo>KecTBa opraHH3au,HH He noBe^ëT k pa3Ho6oro b pyKOBOACTBe? MoryT CKa3aTb, >ixo KaaíAan H3 sthx oprateaanHÖ Benör pa6ory b CBoeñ 060- coÖJieHHOH ccpepe h hto ohh He MoryT nosTOMy MemaTb Apyr Apyry. 3to, KOHenHo, BepHO. Ho BepHo h to, hto Bce sth opraHH3anHii aojih<hu bccth
paöoTy b oahom HanpaBjieHHH, h6o ohh o6cjiy>KHBaioT o a hh anace, anace
IIE P E.H O B A H 3
npojieTapneB. CnpamHBaeTCH: kto o np eA ejine r Ty jihhhto, to o6m ee Ha- npaBJieHHe, no KOTopoMy ao jijk h h Becra cbokd paSoTy Bee sth opraHH3a- Uhh? Tae Ta ueHTpajibHan opraHH3auHH, KOTOpan He iw ib K o cnocodna, BBH/iy HajiHHHH HeoSxoAHMoro oribiTa, BbipaóoTaTb 3Ty o6inyro jih h h io, ho HMeeT eme bosmojkhoctb, BBHAy HaJiHHHH . AOCTaTOHHoro a jih stoto aBTO- pHTeia, noóyflHTb Bee sth -opraHHsanHH npoBOCTH © >KH3«b 3Ty jihhhio ajih Toro , MTOÓbl flOÓHTbCH eAHHCTBa B pyKOBOACTBe H HCKJIIOHHTb B03M0>KH0CTb nepe6oeB?
Taxon opraHH3auHeiS HBjmeTCH napraa npojiexapHaTa» («Bonpocbi JieHHHH3Ma», CTp. 70. 11-e H3A-).
HcTOpHH pa3BHTHH COBeTCKOTO oOlUeCTBa HarjIHflHO II0Ka3bIBaeT, HTO HM6HHO b o6x.eAHHHiomeH h HanpaBJunomeH aeHTejibHocTH napTHH, cnjiann- Baiomeii Bee opraHH3am-iH TpyAHiiuixcH, Be/tymefi hx k oahoh o6m efi uejin, n
coctoht npH3BaHne napTHH n ee oc©6aa pojib b cncTeMe maocobmx opraHH- 3au,Hg coeeTCKoro O'SmecT'Ba.
HcTOpHH C03flaHHH COIIHajIHCTHHeCKOH HHJiyCTpHH, K0JIX03H0r0 CTpOH, B03BeaeiHHH cjiyaiiaMeHTa couHajracTHnecKOH skohomhkh h nocrpoeHMa eouHajiH3Ma b Harnefl cTpaHe, hctophh co3flaHHH MopajibHO-nojiHTHnecKoro e^KHCTBa coBexcKoro «apoAa, Apy>x6bi h SpaTCTBa Hapoao® CCCP — Henpe- jiOJKHOe CBHAeTejtbCTBO Toro, hto 6e3 pyKOBoaHmefi h o6x.ejiHHHiouxeH flefl- TejIbHOCTH SOJIbineBHCTCKOH napTHH HH OflHO H3 3THX BeJIHKHX AOCTHHieHHM
»e 6bIJIO ‘6bl BO3M0>K!HO.
,Hjih nocrpoeuKH eonwajiHSMa b itam efl CTpaHe npe>KAe Bcero naAO 6hjio 3HaTb, c nero Hanarb CTponrejibCTBO couHajni3Ma, KaK BecTH Pro.
K3KHMH CpeapTBaMH H HyTHMH. JleHHH H CiajlHH flaJIH re-HHaJIbHblH OTBeT Ha 3th Bcnpocbi, yKa3aJiH pafionaMy Kjiaoey h sceM TpypniuMMCH nyTb, no xoTopo- My cJieayeT h ath, hto6h notCTpoHTb conBajiHCTHnecKoe oOmecTBo. H o aah
Toro, HToSbi npaBHnbuo hath no 3TOMy nyTH, npeAHanepTaHHOMy reHHeM JleHHHa h CT3JIHH8, HToSbi He cgHTbCH c Hero, hath BnepeA 6e3 KOJieSa-
hhh h Ao6iiBaTbCH ycnexa 3a ycnexoM, — ny>KHO 6hjio 3HaTb TaiOKe KOHKpeTHbie onepTaHHH nyTH, yMeTb oóohth Bee h bchkhc noABOAHbie kbm h h, BO-BpeMH o6Hapy>KHBaTb noACTeperaBuine onacHOCTH, HaxoAHTb cnjiy
h cnc<co<5bi aah npeoAOJieiHHH npennTCTBHH h TpyAHOCTeii. 3to o3Hanajio bpcth
Miaccbl C nOCT'OHHHblM H ÓAHTeAbflblMl yqeXOM Boex CTOpOH CTpOHTejibHoro nponecca, bccx MOiMeHTOB ABHiXieHHH.
J im 3xoro Tpe6yeTCH BcecTopOHHHH ynex npaKTHKH h ee rjiyOoxoe 06- o6meiHHe. Taxyio 3aAany MO>«eT BbinojiHHTb tojibko Mapkchctcxo-jieiHhhckah
napran. OHa b o r n m m o r Bcex Apyrnx opraHH3auHH TpyAHinnxcn Haiueii crpaHEi hcxoaht b cbohx pemeHHHx H3 o6o6meHHoro paccMOTpeHHH Bcero onbiTa couHaAH'CTHnecKoro cTp-OHTejibCTBa, Bcero ABHHieHHH b nejioM.
ToBapHiH Ct3AHH, xapaKTepH3ya pojib HemrpajibHoro KoMHTeTa napTHH, roBopHJi:
«B HarneM pyKOBOAHiireM oprane, b UeHTpajibHOM KOMHTeTe Hameft napTHH, KOTOpblH pyKOBOAHT BCeMH HaiUHMH COBeTCKHMH H napTHHHbIMH OpraHH3aUHHMH, ITMeeTCH OKOAO 70 HJieHOB. CpeAH 3THX 70 HAeHOB U K HM6IOTCH x H3IIIH Jiy^IUHG npOMbILUJI6HHHKH, HclILIH Jiy^IIIHG KOOIlCpaTOpbi, HamH AynuiHe CHaO/KeHUbi, HauiH Ayniune BoeHHbie, Hamn jr/m n n e npona- raHAHCTbi, aama AynuiHe arnTaTopbi, HauiH AynuiHe 3H3Tokh 'C0>bx030'B, HauiH
4 IIE P E H O B A H
JiyqiUKË 3H3TOKH K0UIXO30®, HaïUH JiyW H e 3H3TOKH ¡HHflHBHflyajIbHOro KpGCTfa- AHCKoro X03HHCTB3, HauiH jiyqmne 3HaT0KH HapoflHoCTeñ CoBeTCKoro Cososa h HauHonajibHofl nojMTHKH. B 9T0M apeonare cocpeflOToneHa MyflpocTb Hamen napraw».
B BbicmeMi pyiKOBOAflmeMi oprane ôojibmeBHCTC-KOH riaprinï cocpeflOToqu- BaeTCH KOJïoccajibHbiâ, MHorooôpasHbïH onuT, BcecTOpOHHe öÖoßiuaeTCH HCTopHHeeKaa npajiraxa h Ha ocHOBe 9Toro oÔoômeHHH BbipaÔaTbiBaiOTCH napTHHHbie penieHHH. Cboîo BejiHKyio pyKOBOflamyfo pojib napraw BbinommeT, HanpaBjiHH fleHTejibnocTb Bcex MaecoBbix opraHH3au.HH coBercKorp o6me- CTB3 K OflHOH UejIH, CT3BH 9Ty fleHTejIbHOCTb H3 CJiyíKÓy KOpeHHMM HHTepe- caM Hapofla, flaBan BceM oprammauHHM pyKOBOflHmne yirnaamm b cootbct- CTBHH C 3a/iaHaMH CTpOHTeJIbCTBa KQMMyHH3M3.
ToBapHiu G ram m m ieaji b cBoefi 3HaMeHiiTOH paöoTe «K BonpocaM JI6HHHH3M3»:
«BbicmHM BbipaJKeHHeM pyKOBO^HipeH pojiH napraw, Hanp., y Hac, B CoBeTCKOM Coio3e, b cTpaHe flHKxaTypbi npojieiapHaTa, CJieflyeT npH3Harb TOT (jiaKT, WO Hii OÄHH Ba>KHbIH nOJIHTHTêCKHH HflW QpraHHSaiIHOHHblH Bonpoc ee peuiaeTCfi y Hac namnMH cobctckhmh h flpyruMH MaecoBbiMii opraHH3apHHMH 063 pyKOBOÂHuiHx yKasaHHH napTHH».
H a OOHOB6 9THX pyKo-Bo;j.HtnHX yKaaaHHH napraw bo3m o>kho ko opahhh- poBaTb ÄCHTeJibHOCTb Bcex MaecoBbix oprannaam-iH, oßneflHHHTb sry flea- TejibHOCTb h HanpaiBjiHTb K o/tHon pejiH; b pe3yjibTaTe AOCTwraeTCH anras- noe BOBJieneHHe MHoroMHJiJiHOHHbix Mace TpyflsimHxcH b wcTopunecKoe tb o p- qecTBO, MO0HJiH3yeTCH BcenapoflHaH sHeprim wa peme«He sejiHKHx saflan CTpOHTeilbCTBa KOMMyHH3M3.
Pa3Be Ôbijio 6bi bo3M0>kho npeBparara TexHHqecKH h SKOHOMwaecKii OTCTajïyio Pocchk) b MorymecTBeHHyjo wHflycTpHajibHyio flepmaBy ycmiHHMH, CKaJKeM, OflHHX flHUIb X03HHCTBeHHbIX 0praHH3aU,HH? PemeHHe 9TOH 3aflanH oorpeöoBajio oÓTmflHHeHHbm ycHJiHH Bcex Maccoswx opra«H3ap'HH nofl pyxo- BpflCTBOM ÔOJIblXieBH’CTCKOH napTHH. PyXOBOflCTBO napTHHHblX Opra«H3aUHH H TpyflOBOÔ 9HTy3H33M KOMMyHHCTQB UeMeHTHpOBaJIH pHflbl paÔOTHX H nOfl- HHMajiH hx Ha caMOOTBep>KeHHyio 6opb6y sa counaJiHCTunecKyio wnflycTpHa- JiHaauHio CTpaHbi.
To quo Tax me npeBpaipenne OTCTaJioñ, arpapHOfł Pocchh b Moryqyio KOJixo3Hyio flepJxaBy h6bo3mo>kho 6b¡jio 6 u 6e3 corJiacoBaHHbix ycHflHH Bee- no coaeicKoro ñ a p ó la , öea pyxoBOACTBa n maxepnajibiio-TexHHqeexoft noMo- mn KpecTbSHaM co CTOpQHbi paöoaero xjiaoca h npe>xfle acero 0e3 pyxoso- fl.qm.eH fleaTejibiHocra óojibm&BHCTCKOH napran, Koropaa Mo6HjjH30Bajia Bce MaccoBbie opraHHsauHH — coaeTbi, npo4KOio3bi, komcomoji h flp y rn e — na aejio co3fla«HH h ynponennq KOJixosHoro CTpos.
O0T.efliHHHiomaH h HanpaBflHíomafl flesTejimiocTb öoflbiueBHCTCKOH nap
raw C OrpOMHOH CHJIOH CKa3ajiaCb B C03fl3HHH MOp a JlbHO -H O JTHTHH e C K OTO eflHHCTBa coBCTCKoro napofla, b cnjjoqeHHH paôoqnx, xpecraim h HHTejura- reiHUHH BOKpyr JICHHHCKQ'-CTaJIHHCKOH nOfl'HTHKH.
BejiHKHM saBoeßaHHCM pynoBOflamCH fleHTejibHocra 6ojiłuicbhctckoh
•napTHH HBflHeTCw npOTHo yTBepflHBma»CH b namen CTpaHe flpymôa Hapofloa.
ßbixoBarb HepyuiHMoe ßpa-rcTBo «apoflOB CMorjia tojibko 6 oji b m cbhotck a h napTHH — no c jiefloB a xemj h a h hoch xe jihuhh a Hflen HmepH a uhoh a jw 3 Ma,
H E P E A 0 B A 5 I 5
MejKflyHapoflHOH cojihaaphocth. BoAbm-eBHCT'OKaH napTHH Bcer.ua 3a6oTii- uacb o t o m, HTOdbi y»p©njiHTb HHTep«a^HO«ajibHbie cbhsh pa&onero KJiaoca Ka¡K BuyTpn cxpanbT, T3K h 3a eé npeuejiaM'H. H a 3HaMeHH SoAbmeBHCTCKOH napTHH HanucaHo: 6bixb BepubiMH ao KOHiia u c jiy npojieTapcKoro HHTepHa- u,HO'HajTH3M'a, u eu y 6.paTCK©ro coiosa npojieTapHeB Bcex crpaH. 3toh cbocii nojiHTHKoñ yKpenjieHHH HHTepHaiiHOHaJibHMX cBH3eñ Tpyuam nxcH BHyTpn CTpaHbi h 6paTCKoro coto3a T p yu am n xcfl C C C P c TpyAHniHMMCH bccx crpan SojibmeBHCTCKaa napTHH KOBaua h Kyéx c m iy h MorymecTBO cTpanbi coixna- JIH3M3.
CnjioueHHe h oóx.euHHeHHe cují Tpyuam Hxca nou 3iiaMeneM JleHHHa — C ra jim a ocyinecTBAHJiocb b oxKecTOH&HHOH kaaccoboh 6opb6e c BparaMH TpyuauiH xca — KannT3JincTaMn, iioMemHKaMH, KyjiaKaMH. BojibineBHCTCKaH nojiHTHKa Henp'HMHp’HMiOH «jiaccoBOH 6opb6bi oñocnexHjia jiHKBHuauHK) Kann- TajiHCTuxecKiix ajieMCHTOB b Hameñ CTpane. CoiiHaAHCTHHecKoe crpOHTejib- ctbo ne noSeuHJio .6bi b narnen CTpa«e, ecjin 5bi He 6hjih Hueniio h opra»H- 33UHOHHO pa3rpoMJieHbi BparH napTHH h Hapoua — t p o iik h c t m, 6 y x a p im iib i
» flp y ra e ,— KOTopbie cTpeMnjincb BOCCTanoBiiTb rocnoucTBO noMeiuHKOB h KanHTajiHCTOB h oxAaTb coBeTCKyio PoAHHy nou BJiacTb HHOCTpaHHbix HMne- pnajiHCTOB. Be3 pa3rpoMa BparoB n a p o u a — MeHbineBHKOB, aHapxncTOB, Tpou- KHCTCKO-SyXapHHCKHX UH1HOHOB H A'H'Bepca'HTOB, HaiXHOHajTHCTOB BCeX MA- CTefl — HeB03M0>KH0 óbijio 6bi euHHCTBO p aóonero KJiacca, Bcex TpyaamHX- ch, oSBeanHenHe hx chji b 6opb6e 3a n oóeuy cou,HajiH3Ma. Ho pa3ÓHTb Bcex 9THX BparOB IMOJKHO SbIJIO TOJIbKO ÍIOA pVKOBO/ICTBOM 6'OJIbUjeBHCTCKOH nap- t iih, KOTopaa o ó u a u a e i HeoAOAHMoñ chjioh ueHHHCKO-CTajiHHCKHX Hfleñ, iienpeB30HuenHbiM aBiopuTeTOM b Hapoue h chaoh opraHH3aiiHH, co3uaHHoñ rernieM JleHHHa h GrajiHHa.
BejiHKoe 3HaHeHHe nanpaBjiHtom eñ h oQ’beAHHHiomeH ueaTejibHOCTH SoJlbUieBHCTCKOH napTHH C OCOÓOH CHJIOH CKa3ajIOCb B TOAbl BejIHKOH O ie - 'leCTBeHHOH BOHHM GOBeTCKOTO CoK)3a npOTHB HeMeUKHX 3aXBaTHHKOB.
BojibiueBHCTCKaa napTHH, pyKOBOACTByncb yKa3aHHHMH BejiHKoro CTajiHiia, nocTOHHiHO BUOXHOBJiflJia «ap oa, Mo6H.nn30Bajia e ro chjim Ha 6opb6,y c Bpa
raMH. OpraHH3aTopcK3H pa6oTa napTHH oS-bejinHiuia h HanpaBHjia k o6m eií n e jiii ycHjiHH Bcex coBeTCKHx Jirouen, ecex MaccoBbix o p ra nh3au,hh cobct- CKoro OifímecTBa, noAHHHHiia Bce chjim h cpeucrB a crpaHbi 3aAane pa3rpoMa Bpara. BnoBb 6mjio npoueMOHCTpHpoBaHo iienpcBscfiuéKHoe yMe:Hbe 6ojibine- BHCTCKOH napTHH M06HJIH30BaTb MaOCbl B CaMblX CJIOIKHblX yCJIOBHHX. 3to o6t>cuhHeHiHe Bcex cha napoAa CTaAO BO3M0JKHMM 6AaroAapH 6oAbineBHCT- cKoii napTHH, KOTopaH oSuauaeT BejiHqafluiHM aBTopHTeTOM b Hapoae h bo
Bcex e ro opraHH3auHHX h HeoSxoAHMbiM otibrroM p yk o boa c t ba. ToBapHui CT3JIHH roB opuji, xapaKTepuayH poub 6oAbuieBHCTCKoñ napTHH b ahh b o h h m:
«B AHH OTenecTBeiHHOH bohhm napTHH npeACTaua nepeu HaMH, k&k bao xh o- BHTeAb h opraHHsaTop Bcenapoahoh 6opb6bi npoTHB tpaiuHCTCKHX 3axBaT- HIIKOB».
Hapo m (bpoH'ra h Tbiua 6m a h KOMMyHHcra — HAeHbi bcahroh napTHH JleilHHa _ Ct3AHH3. CHJIbHbie C03HaTeAbHOCTblO, OpraHH30BaHHOCTbK) H AHCUHnAHHOK, CHAbHbie SoeBblM AyXOM H TOTOBHOCTbK) HATH H3 AloSbie yKepTBbi paAH ycnexa o 6 m e ro « e jia , k o m myHhctm BcejiHjx« b 6ohuob « y x AHCUHHAHHH h 6oeBoñ OTBam, noAaBaAH npHMep 6e33aBeTHoro cjiywcHUB 2. cBo.lblIKBIIIC» N2 12.
6 n E P E ^ o B A a
Po^HHé. KOMMyHHCTbl BOSrjIHBJTHJIH 6opb6y napTH33HCKHX OTPHAOB, nOKa- 3MBaji.H h 3Aecb inpHMep MyjKecTBa, OTBara, BWAep*KH. FloSefla coBeTCKoro naipoi^a ib BejiHKOtí O re nec tbbhhoíi BofiHe npoTHB hcmchko - cjj a iuhctckiix
3axBarqa«OB AOKaSajia co Bceñ «arjiHAHOCTbio, hto 6oji bineBhctckaa napTHH ecTb Beji'HKHH hctohhhk c hjih CoBeTCKoro rocy^apcTBa, Bbicinaa opraHH3a- UHH BO Bceñ cncTeMe waccoBHx opraHH3apHfi coBeTOKoro oSmecxBa.
3 a ro ^ b i coUHajiHCTHaecKoro CTpoHTejibCTBa h oco6eHHo aa BpeMa BejiHKOH OTeqecTBeHHOH BOHHbi CoBeTCKoro C o io a a npoTHB H e M e m a xJja - IHHCTCKHX 33XB aTHHKOB B rpOM-a^HOH CT6IIBHH B03pOCJIH H yKpeíIHJIHCb OBH3H napTHH c M a cco ñ , co BceM coBeTCKHM HapoflOM. n apT H H em e TecHee cpo^H H - Jia'Cb c H apojtoM . S x o onjioTCHHe u ih p o k h x M ace « a p o fla — .paG orax, x p e c x b - flH h H H ie « jiH re H u » H — B o x p y r C B oero n e p e ^ o B o ro , k o mM.y nh c t hx e c x o ro o t- p a ^ a c c y m e c x B H jio c b Ha monée B o a p o cm e ro AOBepua H apoAH bix Mace k n a p THH, Ha o cho b© B o sp o cu ie ñ nojiH TH necKoñ aKXHBHocxH TpyAam HXca.
B xo.n;e coiíiHajiHCTHnecKoro CTpOHTejibCTBa napTHa 3aBoeBajia b caMofl innpoKOH Macee p a ó o ra x cxo jib M o rym e cT B e n H H fl asToprncT, h t o ocaKue no- nbiT«H BparoB Jie»HH«3Ma noKOjieSaTb AOBepwe paGonnx M>acc k SwibineBHCT- CKOH napTHH HeH3MeHH0 KOHna^HCb AJIH HHX nOJIHblM KpaxoM. B x o ^ e co nn a- JiHCTHHecKoro CTpoHTejibCTBa Tpy^am eeca KpecxbHHCTBO Bcé ó o jib in e cn jia - HHBajiocb BOKpyr 6ojibineBHCTCKOii napTHH h n o x a s a jio , hto oho b h a h t b napTHH JlenHHa— CTajiHHa CBoero b o h ía h h pyKOBOAHTejia. EojibmeBHCT- CKaa napTHa 3aBoeBajia orpoMHbm aBTopHTeT b epe^e coBeTCKoñ HHTejijiH- reHmiH. Bcecoio3Haa KOMMyHHCTHnecKaa napTHa SojibmeBHKOB c /ie jia jia c b nepeAOBbiM o t p h a o m Bcero coBeTCKoro H apo^a, no^b3yiomHMCH e ro nojmbiM AOBepHeM, CHMnaTHeñ h jnoSoBbio.
3to AOBepne Hapo^a napTHa mpHoSpejia b p e3 yjib T aie cBoefi npaBHjib- HOH nojiHTHKH h CBoefl npenannocTH n a p o fly h conHajiHCTHnecKOH PoAHHe.
KajKAbiH HOBbifí KpynHbiñ m a r BnepéA no nyTH connajincTH aecKoro CTpon- xe^bCTBa- h yKpenjieHHa coBeTCKOH PoA®Hbi npHHOCHji ooiBoe noATBepjKAcnue nojiHTHnecKoíí MyApocTH napTHH, eé AajibHOBHAHOCTH, eé cnoco6HocTH npen- BHAOTb x o a co6biTHH, eé yMeHba pacno3HaBaTb ycjioBMH n o u e a u h opraim ao- BaTb noGeAy.
BejiHKaa OTenecTBennaH bohh3 6buia ca.MbiM c e p b é 3 H b iM nonmaiHueM Bcex chji eapoAa, ona 6buia cepbé3HefimHM ncnbixaHHeM « ajih SojibmeBHCT-
ckoh napTHH, 3to HcnbiTaHne, H3 xoToporo GojibineBHCTCKaa napTHH Bbinjjia c BejiHKOH noGeAoñ, noATBepAHjio c hoboh c im o h tot (j^aiKT, hto napTHa, BbinecTOBaniHaa JleHBHbiM h CTajiHHbiM,— sto napTHa, aepHaia Ae^iy KOMMy- HHSMa, SeonpeAejTbKo npewa«Haa «apo^y h coiBexcKOH PoAHHe, napraa, He HMeioinaa ce6e noAoGHoñ no cboch CMejiocxn, My>KecxBy, pemnMOCTH, no CBoefi opraHHSOBaniHOCTH, no CBoeMy yMeiHbto bhactb «ajiexo onepéA n Haxo- AHTb HeoGxoAHMbie cpeACTBa n nyTH 3aBoeBaHna noGéAbi.
BecnpHMepHbi 3 a c jiy rn GojibmeBHCTCKOH napT nn nepea coBexcKOH Poahhoh h eé HapoAOM, nepe# TpyAamnMHca Bcero MHpa, — ottoto h GecnpHMepHo Bejinna jno6oBb ñ a p ó la k GojibmeBHCTCKOH n a p ra n. ToBapirm CTajiHH CKa3a^: « H n o^H a napTHa He HMejia h ne HMeeT T a xo ro aeropuTeTa epefln HapoAHbix Mace, i o k ñam a óojibuieBHCTCKaa napTHa».
HojiHrHKa Go^biueBHCTCKOH napran BocnpHHHMaerca Hapo^oM xaií ero c o 5c TB'eHH a a noAHTOKa. TpyAamneca íiam eii cxpaHbi co3HaTejib«o n aKTHBHo
n E P E flO B A H 7
6 0DÍOTCH 3a TOpíKeCTBO 3T0H HOAHTHKH, 3a eé npeTBOpeHHe B >KH3Hb. B npo- uecce 3toh aKTHBHofi noJiHTnaecKOH je s n © am io cxh umpQKHX niaoc paciex hx r¡OJiHTHiiecKaH eosHaxeAbHOCTb, cxenenb hx noAHXHuecKOH 3Pe jl0 c™ ' “ B“
Sojiee uiHpoKHe cjioh Hapoaa noAHHMaioxca «o y,pora» k o mMynhcxhme<
nepeflOBoro oxpaAa coBexCKoro Hapo/ta.
ToBapiim CxaJiHH, oxMenaH Eoapocmyio cBH3b napxiiH « Mace, c ó m x e - HHe KOMMynHCXoB h óecnapxHHHHX, rOBOpHJl.
«B 6bIJlbie BpeMeria. KOMMyHHCXbl OTHOCHAHCb K ñecnapXHHHblM H k GecnapxHHHOCXH c HeKOTopwM HeflOBepueM. OS'bacHHexca J "
cbjiaroM (SecnapTHftHOCTH nepeflKO npHKpHBajiHCb pasAmmbie yp
rpynnbi Tan 6b,ao b npomAOM. Ho xenepb y nac «pyrne a p e l d a . Bec- napxHHHbix oxAeJiaex xenepb ox ÓypmyaBHH Óapnep, nasbiBaeMHH coBex- ckhm oómecTBeHHbiM cxpoeM. 9xox « e 6apbep oCWAHHHer 6ecnapxHHHb,x C KOMMyHHCTaMH B OA«H oSlIíHH KOJIJieKXHB COBeXCKHX JBOJÍfilí.
B o6meM KOJiJieKTHBe, OHH BMecxe 6opojiHCb aa yupenAeime Morymec b
aameñ cxpanbi, BMecxe BoeBaah h npoJiHBajiH KpoBb Ha # O H x a x bo hm
S T » « - U » «am e* Po a h h h, « « m * > « » » — “ " ™ Han BparaMH nam eñ cxpaHbi. P asm m a M e x a y HHMH J1™ 15 b
: ; s : b n a , , ™ , a «pyrae » « . H o aro p a 3 „™ a d - o p « « . BaíKHO xo, HXO h Te h flp yrn e TBopax oaho ofímee ¿ejio».
P a cxym ee yupenAenne cbhsh MexcAy napxueñ h pa6 o T-mM KJiaccoM, bcem
„ apoAOM ne 03Hanaex, OAHano, HCHesHOBemm bchkhx pasxHHHH m y S / ToBapnm. CxajiHH ynHX, -n o pasxxmHe «MemAy n e p e o o m »
H ocxaJibHofl MaccoH paSoxero nxacca , Mex<«y napxHHHbiMH h
HbiMH He Moxxex Hcnesriyxb, nona ne Hcnesuyx KJiacc ... ( P xeHHHKSMa», cxp. 6 6 - 6 7 ) . R apxH x J le m m a - CxaxHHa - nepeAOBon oxpnjx COBCTCKOTO napofla — Bbicxynaex k b k opraim soB aiM biH o x p w , «aK eA-nuan cncxeMa napxHHHbix opxanHsauHH, k b k «hx fcopM ajitw oe o6x,eAHHeHhe b eA«- noe UeAOe c BblCUIHMH H HHSIHHMH Opra«aMH PyWOBOACTBs, C HOAHHHeHHeM MeHbUIHHCXBa eOAbUIHHCTBy, C HpaKXHUeCKHMH peuieHHHMH, oSasaxeAbHbiMH
a j iíi Bc.ex qjieH'OB napxHH» (C t a jib h).
B npouecce nepexoAa e x couHajiH3Ma k KOMMynH3My eme 6oxee Bospa- Cxaex pojib CoBexCKoro rocyAapCTBa h ero HanpaBJimomeñ chjih — KOMiMy- HHcxHnecKOH napxH'H. IlpeAcxoHT em e orpoMHan pa6oxa no a ajn.¡Henmen M06HAH3au,HH cha napoAa Ha cxponreAbCTBO komMyirh3m a, no komimyhhcxh- ne-KOMy BoennxaHHK) rpyAHmuxcH h npeofloAenmo nepe>K«TKOB KamxaAHS- Ma" B cosHaHHH J im e ñ , no Bocm itanm o HapoAa b A yxe BepnocxH h SeaaaBex-
HOñ npeAaHHOCTH hachm kommy nhsm a, coBeroRoro <naxphoth3m a.
H M'it ep h a a HCTbi H HX cAyxH H3 Aaxepn a >k ec o II h a ahctob Hanpmamx Bce CBOH VCHAHH HToSbi HOBpeAHTb uameMy AeAy, nbixaioxcH aapaSHTb nauiux nJ0J gypx yaanoH HAeoAorneH, hh3kohokaohctbom nepeA 6yp*y«iH0H
npeoAOAeune nepoKHTKOB KanHTaAH3Ma b coBHaHHH AiOAen.
Hxo6bi ycneuiHo bccth napoA k KOMiMymmMy, oxpasHTb Bce npoHCKH BparoB nam en cxpaHbi, xpeS yeicn neycTannoe yupenAeim e MopaAbHO-noAHTK-
8 ÜEPEÆ OBAH
qecKoro eaiwcTBa coBeTCKoro oömecTBa, coio3a paôoiHX, xpecTbaH h hh- TejiJiHreHUHH, aaabHeriniee yxpenaeHiie KOMMyHHCTHnecKOH co3H3TejibHOCTn
b cpeae Bcero coBeTCKoro HaceaeHna; TpeóyeTca aaabHeihnee yxpenaeHHe apyiKÖbi n a p e lo s naineii CTpaHH, 6opb6a co bchkhmh nauno iiajihcthhsckhmh
nepe>KHTKaMH; TpeôyeTca aeaTeabiiaa h CHCTeiwaTimecKaa 6opb6a no hcko- peHeHHFo Bcex nepexniTKOB KanHTaa«3Ma b co3H3hhh atoaen.
Hejib3H flyMaTb, hto Ha HameM nyTH Hcne3Jin y>Ke BCHKHe TpyaHOCTii, HTO fle jio MOJKGT nOHTH CaMOTëKOM. OnbIT nOK33bIBaeT, HTO T3M, T^e CKOJIb- Ko-HHÖyÄb ocjiaßjiHerca pyKOBÓ^amaa pojib napTHHHbix opraHH3anHH,—
HeH3öe*HO crp a n a e r x o 3 hhctb en h a h h noaimmecKan paöoTa, HGH30e>KHbi npowaxiH h ioiuh6kh b padore. OnacHOCTb Bceraa noacTeperaeî TaM, rae sto saöbDBaeTca, rae npHTynaaerca napTHfinaH, ôoabmeBHCTCKaa ßanreabHocTb, ra e naprannaa opFaHH3au.na HaaHHaeT yTpanriBaTb cboio
SoecnocoÓHocTb.
riapTH a no'CTaBîiaa Kan oaay M3 BaxiHbix cbohx 3aaan b coBpeMenHbix yoaoBHax — noaHHTb ypooewb paßoTbi napTHHHbix opraHH3anHH, ypoBenb ö ojibinebHCTCkor 0 pyKOBoacTBa rocyaapcTBe«HOH n xo3añcTBeHHofi aenreab- KocTbio, aoÖHBaacb aaabH eäinero yxpenaem ia opranoB roeyaapeTBenHoii BaacTii, y cn ae m ia hx opraHH3aTopcKon poan b pa3peineHnn 3aaaa cTpon- TeabCTBa KOMMyHncTimecKoro oßmeeTBa b Harne« CTpa«e.
H a npoHcxoa«iB[n«x b stom ro a y b paae pecnyöaiH«, oöaacTeii « xpaeB napraßHbix KOBcjiepeHUHHx 6bia« bckphtm ijiaKTbi, cnnaeTeab-CTByromne o tom, HTO^ oraeabHbie napT««Hbie paóoTHiiKH npoaB.naa« « e no h h mah he pynoBoaa- me« h H anpasaaiom eñ poan n a p ra n iib ix opraH H 3am in. 3to Bbipaaiaaocb b tom, HTO b paae caynaeB n a p ra im b ie o p ra iib i, « o ro p u e npH3Ba«u oSbean- HHTb, HanpasaaTb n k o h c o pobaTb aeaTeabHOCTb coBencKiix, npo(Jicoio3- Hbix H a p y rn x opra«H3auHH, e ra a« na npa«T«Ke upeBpamaTbca b pacnopa- anTea bao - aaM hhhctp a th BHbie o p ra iib i « o ß a acra xo3a«CTBa.
T a io a npaKTHKa HpeBara onacHOCTHM«, h6o oHa BeaëT k HCKajKeHHio pom napTHHHbix oprannsauHH, k naBpamemno MeToaoB napTiiim oro pyxo- BoacTBa; B ocHOBe T3KOH np3KTHKii aeaaiT HenoHHMaHne poan napT«« b
CHCTewe oprannaauH« coseTCKoro oßmecTsa. Ha nonne Taxon npaxTHxn po^aaeTca 6e33a6oTHoe oraoniem ie k BHyTpiinapTHiîHOH paöoTe.
napTHHHbie oprannaauHH a oa am bi BceMepHO noBbimaTb axTHBHOCTb MeCTHblX COBeTCK-HX H XOSaHCTBCHHblX OpraHOB, HOMOraTb HM coBepmen- CTBOBaTL- CBOH annapar, yaynmaTb ero paßoTy. ycneiuH oe pemeHHe 3toh aaaaq« TpeöyeT ao KOHua anKBnanpoBaTb HenpaBnabHyio « speaH-yio npaKTHxy n o m m a , o ë e s m m m a m x cob6tckhx h xosañcTBeHHHx opraHOB « npHHHJKSHHa ,pyKOBoaa¡meñ poa« napTHHHbix opranoB.
CpeaH HexoTopbix paöoTHHKOB HMeiOTca HacTpoeHHH h a p y ro ro xapax- Tepa, Taioxe cBHaeTeabCTByiomHe 0 HenoHHMaHHH pyKOBoaamefi poan napTHHHbix opraHHsauHH bo bcöm HameM rocyaapcTBeHiioM h xoaañcTBeii- HOM CTpoHTeabCTBe. Tpe6oBaHHe noKOHHUTb c npaKTiixon noaMeHbi coBeT- CXIIX II X03HHCTBeHHbIX OpraHOB H yCIiaHTb BHHMaiine K napTHHHO-OpraHH- aauHOHHOH H napTHHHO-noaHTH'iecKOH paöoTe koc-kto CKaoneH paccMarpii- Ba-rb ksk yxoa n a p T H H H b ix opraeoB ot BonpocoB x o 3 a « € T B a . Ha nponcxoann- UJHX napTHHHbix KOHcJiepeHHHax oraeabHbie aeaeraTbi roBopiian, HanpuMep,
nEPEflOBAÍI 0
O TOM , 1TO T C n e p h O'H'H 3 a » M y T C H TOJIBKO B TiyTpH TIa pTHHHOH paÖOTOH, a sa COCTOHHH6 X03H H C T B 3 n y C T b , A e C IO T b , O Ip a illH B a iO T C COBeTCKHX O p ra H O B . 3t h
BLICTynjieiHHÍÍ 6bIAH OCyjKae-HM KOH^epeHUHHMH.
ToBapHUI CiajIHH yHHT, ÍHTO HCAb3H OTA&AHTb nOJIHTHKy OT X03«ñ'CTBa, HTo «to t, kto A yM a er b nauieñ nip a k tk qec koh paöoTe oraejiH Tb x o3hhcteo OT nOAHTHKH, yCHJIHTb XO3HHCTBieHHyi0 paÖOTy UCHOM yMajieHHH nOJIHTHHe- CKOH paôoTbi m i«, Hac'ôopOT, ycHji«Tb noAHTHuecKyio p a ô o ry h.'8hoh yMiajie- HHH X03 HHCTBSH'HO'H paÔOTbl, — TOT O'ÔsmTeAbHO HOnaAaeT B TyiIHK». ToAbKO npaBHJibHoe coqeTaHHe x o3hhctb6hhoh h napTHÍÍHO-noAHTHqecKOH p a ô o ra oöeeneHHBaeT npoqiibie h AAHTeAbHbie ycn exn b xoasiHCTBe. lloBbimeHHe ypoB- HH ßojibmeBHCTCKoro pyKOBOÆCTBa rocy^apcTBeHHOH h xo3HHCTBeimoñ Aen- TejIbHOCTblO B03MO>KH0 TOJIbKO Ha OCHOBC UOAbÖMa BCCH napTHHIIOH H HACHHO- BocriHTaTejibHC'H paôoTbi napTopraHH3auHVi.
Ba>KHeiîuiHM ycjiOBneM ycneuiHoâ paôoTbi napTHHHHX, rocyAapcTBen- HblX H Bcex OÔmeCTBeHHblX OpraHH3aUHH HBJIHeTCH ÔOJIbmeBHCTCKaa KpHTHKa
h caMOKpHTHKa — sto BepueHmee n po thb o ha ne npoTHB onacH ocra 3a3Haü- CTBa, C3MOyCnOKOe:HHH, OTpbIBa OT Maec. BOAbmeßHCTCKaa KpHTHKa H caMO
KpHTHKa — ocrpenmee opyjKHe, KOTopoe noMoracT BCKpHsaTb cjiaöccTH h
HeAOCTaTKH b paöoTe, pemHie.ribHo npeoAOAeßaTb hx h ycneuiHo ABuraThCH BiiepëA-
^Kn3HeHH0H OCHOBOH coBeTCKOFO cTpOH HBAHeTCH nojiHTHKa, a o n p e - AeAHeT nOAHTHKy — BHyTpeHHIOIO H BHeLLIHiOfO — napTHH ÔOAbLUeBHKOB, n a p THH JlenHHa— CTajiHHa, M y A p a a , AaAbHOBHAHan, nocAeAOBaTeAbHaa b C B o e ñ TeopHH hnpaKTHKe.
riapTHH CBoeñ HOAHTHKOH A3ÖT COBeTCK'HM, X03flHCTBeHHbIM H ApyrHM opraHH3au.HiiM npaBHJibHyio jihhhio b paöoTe. Ho, htO'Sh pyKOBOAHTb CTpoii- TejIbCTBOM, yt-IHT TOBapHIU CT3AHH, «AAH 3T0T0 HeAOCTaTOHHO HMÊTb U p a -
BHAbHbie AHpeKTHBbl,— AAH 3T0T0 HeOÔXOAHMO eiUÖ nOCTa'BH'Tb Ha pyKOBO- AHiHHe noc™ Hauieñ cobctckoh, xoshhctbchhoh, KoaneparaBHOH h bchkoh
HH0H CTpOHTeAbHOH paÖOTbl T3KHX AJOAßH, KOTOpbie nOHHMaiOT CMblCA H 3Ha- qeHHe sthx AHpeKTHB, KOTOpbie cnocoônbi qecTiio h aoôpocobcctho npoBOAHTb
3TH AHpeKTHBbl, KOTODbie CHHTaiOT HpOBeACHHe 3THX AHpeKTHB He nyCTOH (jDopMaAbHoc.Tbio, a aëao m Béera, AeAOM ceoero Bbiemero A0AT3 n e p e A n a p - THeñ h npoAeTapnaTOM». Bot noueMy napTHH yueAaeT TaKoe 6oAbmoe b h h- MaHHe AeAy noAÖopa KaApoB, _t3koh hx paceraHOBKe, KOTOpaa oöecnequ- BaAa 6bi npoBeAeHHe AHpeKTHB n a p im n Ha tom hah hhom yqacTKe rocyAap- CTBeHHOrO, X03HHCTBeHH0r0 H «yAbTypiTOro CT pOHTe A bCTB a. M apK C BC TC KO - AeHHHCKan napTHH 6biAa h ecTb Ky3Hima pyKOBOAHmnx KaApoB, BOopyncëH- HblX TAyÔOKHM 3HaHHeM A ©HH HCKO- CT3 A HK C KOH T€OpHH H HOAHTHKH, yMeHbeM cnAaqHBaTb m acch BO«pyr napTHH, yMenbeM pyKOBOACTBOBaTbCH bcomh Tpe- ÔOBaHHHMH M eTO Aa AeHHHH3Ma.
Ot C T eneH H HAeHHO-nOAHTIiqeCKOH 3âKaAKH n a p T H H H H X K 3 A p 0 B , OT ypO B H H p a Ö O T b l napTHHHHX 0 p ra H H 3 3 H H H , OT T AyÔ O KO rO yCBOeHHH nO AH - THKH n a p T H H h y M e n b H c n A a q H B a T b T p y A n m u x c H n a BbinoAHemie p e m e H H H n a p T H H 3aiBHCHT y c n e x H A a A b u e ñ m e r o a b h/k c h h h H a m e fi c T p a n b i B n e p ë A . K K 0 M M y iIH 3 M y .
n o s T O M y n e p e A napTHHHbiMH opraHH3amiHMii ctoht 3aAaqn H e y c T a n n o r o yKpenACHHH CBoeñ ßoecnocoÖHOCTH, BocmiTamiH ko m m yhhctob b Ayxe B e p -
10 liE P E H O B A ÍI
HOCTH napTHHHoñ Teopim h noJiHTHKe, rjiySoKoro noHHMaHHH 11 CTpoixañ- m ero coójuoneHHH n a p T iiím o ro Y c ia B a .
H a MapKCHCTCKO-jieHHHCKyio napTHK), Ha napTHto öojibmeBHKOB iicTOpim B03JioíKHjia aejiHKyio mhcchk) — npaeecTH Hapo/ibi C C C P k iiojihoh no6eae ko M M y h u 3 M a. ^ a jiM ie ä u ie e H eycrannoe ncmbiiueiHue TeopGTHHecKoro h rro jiii- THHeCiKOro ypOBHH KOMMyiHHCTOB, IHX HapTHHHOH C03HaTejIbM0CTH, HOflrOTOBKa iix k poní! B01K3K0B Mace, BocnuTaHiie napTHHHbix KanpoB, x o po m o n oa ro - TOBJieHHMX H yMeíOIIlHX O'CyiHeCTBJIHTb npaBHJibHOe napTHHHOe H nOJIHTHHC- CKOe pyKOBOJtCTBO, HBJIHÎOTCH nepBeHOlHM Ä6JI0M napTHÍÍHblX KOMHTOTOB H «X
p y KöBon HTeji eñ.
3a AanbHemnee yjiyquieHHe
opraHH 3 aąHH h o iu ia iu Tpyfla b KOJixo 3 ax
B . Auöpuauoß
HeflaBBo cocTOHjiocb nocTa'HOBJieuHe Coserá M «íHhct¡>ob CGCP «O mc- pax no yjiynm eiłHio opraHHaauHH, noBbinienHio npoiraBOAHTeAbHocTH h ynopa- AoneHHio onjiaTbi Tpyaa b KOAxoeax». 3to nocTanoBJieHMe, siBAHiomeecH pe- 3,y.nbTaTOM Hayne-HHH H oöoömeHiHH onbira, KOTOpbin HaiKOUHAH k o a x o s h, hMee t Banmenme© aHanettn© a a h AaAbHenmero op'raHiH3!anHOHiHO-xo3HlicTB©H- Horo yKpenjieHHH koaxosob. Oho m/meTCH hoibhm cbhagt©jibctbom toto, mto
ôojibuieBHCTCKaa napTua, c o B © T © K o e npaBHTejibCXBo h ahhho TOßapnm CrajiHn npoaBJiHioT iHeycranHyio 3a6oTy o koaxo sh om CTpoe — o «ojixoaax H KOJIXOSHBKaX.
K o jU ie K T H B H 3 a U H H MCAKHX, M ajlO np O lH i3B O Â H T e jlb H b IX KpeC TbH H C KH X X0-
3HHCTB b H a m e n c T p a H e K o p e H H b iM o ô p a a o M H 3M © HHAa s K O H O M im y h 6h t a©- peBHH. CejibCKoe xo3hhctbo b pe3yjibTaxe oöbeAHHeHna KpecTbHH b koaxosh
na 6 a 3 e M a n im iH O H T e x H H K H n p e B p a T H A O C b b n e p e ^ o B o e , c a M o e K p y n H o e h M e x 3iH H3 Hp OB 3 H HO G, C O nHaAHCTHneCKO e X03HHCTBO . K O A X 0 3 HbIH CTpOH A O K a s a A CBOK) B e jIH K y iO 5K H 3 H eH H yiO C H Jiy H H enO Ô eAHM O C Tb. n o ô e ^ a K 0 A X 0 3 H 0 r0 CTpOH o ô e o n e u H jia A n K B H A a p H io K y A a n e c T B a K a n Kjiacca, B b is e jia AepeßHio H3 ««me- TbI H Ô e O K y jIb T V p b H , ’C 0 3 A a A 3 yCAOBHH lAJIM KyjIbTypiH O H H 33>KHTO,lMK>H >KH3HH K o JIX0 3 H hkob . B CIB0 6 M A O K n a A e « a X V II CTsesAe B K n ( 6 ) T O B a p in n Ctsahm r o B o p H ji: « . . . H a r n e c o s e r O K o e KpecTbH H C TB O O K O H n a T e A M io o r n a A n n o o r 6 e - p e r o B « a n 'H T a jiH S M a h hoiiijio B n e p ë n b c o io 3 e c paôoHHM K J ia c c o M — k c o -
unajinaMy».
CounajiHOTHnecKoe cejibCKoe xoshSctbo hba.h©tcîi Tenepb Hanôojiee npo- HSBOAHTejIbHblM B BblOOKOTOBapHblM B M«p©. ÜHO pa3BHBa©TCH Ha OCHOB'S pacninpennoro BiocnpoH3BoacTBa. Bajioean nponyioiHa oejibCKoro xo3h îi- cTBa b 1940 ro a y no ©pasHem-no c 1913 toaom soapocjia non™ b ab a pasa, a B3AOBOH c6op 3ep«a hoahhach c 4,8 MHAAiiapAa nyAOB ao 7,3 MHAAiiap- Aa nyAoiB. JI,eiłó>KHbie a o xq ah koaxosob h.3 roAa b toa BospacTaioT. Ecai-i b 1932 roA y A©H©*Hbie aoxoah kojixosob cocTaBAHAH 4,6 MHAAHapAa py6- AeS, to b 1940 rôAy o.hh y>i<e cocTaBAHAH 20,6 MHAAHapAa pyÔAeft; snann- TeAbHaH naiCTb A 0 H©}K!HbIX AOXOAOB K0AX030B ¡ÔbIAa BAOXKena B KOAX03HOe X03HHCTBO, OKOAO HO AO BHHH BCeX A©ne>KHbIX AOXOAOB B K0AX03aX 6bIAO pacnpeAeA6H0 no TpyAOAHHM. Pocah h3 roAa b toa BbiAann XAeßa h ApyrHX npoAyKTOB koax03HHKam. Ham a napraa HeyKAOi-iHo oôecnennBaAa BbinoA- HGHiHe CTaABHCKOPO VKa3a'HHH — CAeAaTb K0AXO3H 6 OA bin 6BHCTÜK HMH, a KOA- X 03 H HKOB 3 a >K I-ITOHH bl M H.
B r o A b i BeAHiKon O re n e c T B O H H O iï B o itH b i koaxobho© K p e c T b H H C T B o c y c n e - x o M c n p a B iiA o c b c T p y A H e n m e ii s a A a n e n o ô e c n e n e H iH H a p M n n h HaceAenna npoAOBOAbCTBHCM, a npoMbimAennocTH — cbipbëM. KaK « bc© cob©tckh0 aio- AII, KpeCTb5ine-K0AX03HHKH CaMOOTBepiKeHHO TpyAHAHCb H, HeCMOTpH Ha
to,' ato 40 npoueMTO® scex noceiBHbix HAom,aA©H koaxosob BpeM©HHO 6hao
noTepano b pe3yAbTare H©M©u;Kofi oKKynann«, crpana h© HoribiTbiBaAa oco-
6 b lX 3aTpyAHeHHH B CHaÔJKCHHH npOAOBOA.bCTBH©M.
Bolina THHíeAO o rp a3HAacb na jkh3hh koaxo30b. OainncTCKH© norpoM- IAHKH HaHecAH orpoMHbiii ypon ceABCKOMy xo3HHCTBy, OKnraH h pa3pyniaH IvOAXOBHbie nOCTpOIIKH, >KHAbI© A0M3, UIKOAbl, KAyÖbl, ÔOAbHHlIbT, yPOiHHH KOA- xo3iHbin ©k o t, HctpeÔJiHH MauinHHWH HHBeiHTapb, rpa6si K o jm x m o e aoô.po.
12 B . A H U P H A H O B
yuiepo, npiRHHeHHfaiñ HeMeiiKHMH BapBapa.MH KOJixoaaM, hchnenhexea b cyM- Me 181 Mujumapn pySjieñ. HeMeiiKO-tjiamHexciKHe 3axBaxqHKH paaopHjm h
pa3rpa6Hji'H 98 xbieaq kojixo3ob, aapeaajiH, oxoópanH hjih yraajiH b Tepivia- HHK) 7 MHJIJIHOiHOB JIOmafleH, 17 MHJIJIHOHOB TOJIOB KpyBHOTO poraXOrO CKOTü, 20 mhjijihohob CBHHeñ, 27 mhjuihoihob OBeu; h k03, 110 mhjijihohob uiTyK n o MpuiHeñ nTHiibi, paapymujiH 2890 M T C , 3axeaxHjíH h BbiBe3jin b repMaHino 137 XblCHH TpaKTOpOB, 49 XblCHH KO'MÓaHHOiB II MHOFO flpyBHX CejIbC'KOX03HH- CTBeHHbix MarniiH ii opy^HH. HiiKaKoe apyroe rocynapcxBo «e C M o rjio 6bi CnpaBHTbCH C X3KHMH pa3pyiHeHHHMH H ÓhlJlO 6bl OTÓpOIlieHO Ha3aA Ha MHO*
rae roubi. Ho HeHCcaKaeMaa coaiinaxejibHaa Mouib coBexcKoro expon, njiano- B3H COIXHajIHCTHqeCKaH 3KOHOMHK3, Myupoe py.KOBOflCTBO napTHH Jle.HHHa — CxajiHHa, narpnoTH3M h 6e33aBexHaa jno6oBb Bcex coBercKnx jnoneii k cBoen cou,hajihcthHecKOñ PonnHe ofíecneHHjiH Hauieñ cxpane BbicoKiie xeMHbi boc- CTaHOBjieHHH h naJibHemiiero ¡non'béMa HaponHoro xo3HÍicxBa.
B roabi nocjieBO'eHHoro BoecTHHOBjí6HHn naponHoro xo3HÍicxBa kojixo3- KpECTbílHCTB'O BexpeXHJIO Cb C 6oj]bIUHMH XpynHOeXHMH, nOpO>KüéHHbl'MH
bohhoh. B nepBbiñ ron nocjieBoeiiHoñ naxnjiexKH eejibCKoe xo3hhcxbo nocxar- jia HeBHnaHHa-H 3acyxa b BaxHeHmiix cejibCKOxo3nHcxBeHHbix paftonax, koto- paa HaMiHoro npeBocxonHjia sacyxy 1921 roña. K o jix o3Hoe kpeeTbhhct¡bo, EO'onyineiBjiéHiHOie 6o.iibineBiicxokoh napxHeíí, eojiihkiim BoxyieM h ¡yH«xejieM TOBapnipeM CxajiHHbiM, npeonojiejio CTOHBmHe nepen hhm xpyn<HoexH h o6e- c n e iiu io b 1947 ro n y BajioBoñ o6ap xjieóa Ha 58 iiipoueHTOB fíojibine, qeM
b 1946 rony. rocynaipcrB o n o jiy m ijio b 1947 ro n y xjieSa cxojibKO » e , exojib-
ko ib jiya iim e no©oenHbie ronbi.
B to BpeMH, KaK «ame coiinamiCTHHecKoo eenbCKoe xo3hhctbo nocjre BOHHbl HeBHnaiíHblMH Xe'MHaMH paCxéx II pa3!BHlBa©XCH,--- B Ka»IXajIiHCXHHeCiKO¡M Miipe yBeniíHHBaioxcH Hyxína h ronon, cejibcnoe xo3hhcxbo HonbixbiBaex cepbeaHbie 3K0H0MúHH©ciK«e HOxpHceHBH; b 3anan«oñ C apone— b AurjiHH, O pah iihh, PÍTajiHiH h n p y rn x k a nn xanHCxHHockhx expanax — cHBiKaio'ncH npo- nOBOnbCTB6HHbI© HOpMbl.
ílocne Bc.xhkoíí Oxenectb©hhoh bohhbi TOBapnm Cxanirn no d aB H ji ne- pen napTHeñ h HaponoM, Kan ea>KHeBiiiyio h nepBooqepenHyio aanany «a 6jih- iKaiiiiiH© ronbi, óbicxpo BoccxanoBHTb cejibCKoe xo3hhctbo, nonHHxb h yKpe- nnxb Konxo3bi, orpannxb hx ox pa©xiixnxe.jieH ii n o jio *n x b «oh©i i naBpame- HHH'M nOJHITHKH napTHH B K0JIXO3HOIM CXpOHXejIbCTBe.
HeycTannaH sáfioxa napxHH h npaBHTejibcxBa o non'béMe cejibcKoro xo- 3aiicxBa, rocynapcxBeHHaH noMoinb KOjixosaM, M T C h coBxo3aM, BejiHHañ-
uik© npeHMym'&CTBa comiajjacxHHeC'Koro cenbCKoro xo3HHCTBa, Moryaan enna i<ojixo3Horo expon, nojiHXHqeoKaH h npoHaiBoncxBSHHan aKXHBHocTb kojixo3- Iioro KpeCXbH'HCXBa, pa&OXHIIKOB M T C H OOBXOSOB — B'Ce 3X0 HOSBOnHJIO no- SiHxben orpoMiHbix iycnexoB b BoccxaiHOBjieHHii n pa3BiixHH cejibOKoro xo3nií- CTBa.
n o H'HBunaxHB'0 xoBapuma CTajiHHa Cobgxom Mhhhcxpob CCCP H U K B K n (6 ) Qbino npHHHxo nocxaHOBjieHBe ox 19 ceim rtípfi 1946 roña «O Mepax no JHíKBHnanBH HapymeHHH yexasa cejibCKoxo3H8cxBeHHOH apxejin b kojixo- aax». B 3TO.M no-cxaHOBjieHHH 6bin« ocy>KneHbi hsbpamernihhojihthkh napxH«
b K0JIX03H0.M cxpoHxejibCxBe, yKasaHbi Mepbi nnn nHKBHnamni HapymeHHH Mcxasa ce.JibCKOxo3HHexBeHHOH apxejin, nnn yKpeinneHHa odmecxBeHHoro xo- 3HÍÍCXBa KOJIXO30B.
B 1947 ro n y no HHHHHaxHBe xoBapHma CxajieHa Bonpocbi cejibCKoro xo3HHCXBa 6bijin nocxaBjieHbi na oOcyxíneuHe cjieBpajibOKoro nneayMa
UK
B K U (6), rn e Sbijia npHHnxa paaBepHyxan nporpaMMa non’béMa cenbCKoro xo- 3HñcxBa b noicjieBoeHHbiH oepHon, nanbHe»mero opraHii3aunoHHo-xo3HÍkxBeH- Horo y,KpenneHHH kojixo30b h paaBHxHn hx oSmecxBeHHoro xosañcrBa.
BoonymoBjiéHiHoe hcxophhbckhmh pemeHHñMH nneHy.Ma
UK BKn(6),
koji- xo3Hoe KpeexbHHCTBo BKmoHHJiocb b aKXHiBHyio 6opb6y 3a nooieBoeHHbifi nonuéM cenbCKoro xo3HHCTBa. B Kojixo3ax, M T C h coBXOBax pa3BepHyjiocb BoenaponHoe coiiHajHicxHHeiCKoe coipeB«oBaH«e. PyKOBonuMoe h HanpaBJine-3 A A A J Ib H E ftH ÍE E y j i y q m E H H E O P E A H H 3 A I1 H H H O IIA A T b l T P y ,A A B K 0 A X 0 3 A X 13
Moe napxHeñ fíoAbmeBHKOB, KOjixo3Hoe KpecTbamc'rao AO'SBUiocb yace b 1947 ro n y 3aMe’iaTejib¡Hbix ycnexoiB. Bojibinoe 3Hacie«He b saBoeeammi BbicoKoro ypoiKaa b KOjixoaax H coexosax e m m h J/Kasbi ripe3Mfl«¡yMa BepxoBiHoro Co- e e ia CCCP o npHGBoeHHiH 3B3.HH51 repon OoiiMajiKCTn«eciKoro TpyAa h na- rpaiKfleH.H« oipAenaMH h MeABAAMB oc-o6o OTJiHHBBiuMxca pai)othuikoib cejib- CKoro xo3añcTiBa.
3a Bbiflarouiiieca ¡ycnexii, nocTiirHyTbi'S b ceAbCKOM xosnñcTBe, 6hah
yaocToeiHbi sBamiin Tepon CoiijHa aíí eranookono Tpyma 1931 TipyiKeHHK cejib- cxoro xosHHCTiBa, 4348 neAOBSK Harpax/teHbi opAemoM Xleama, cBbiuie 12 500
»kyio b c k—- apiHOHOM TpyAOB'oro ¡Kpacmoro 3HaMeHH h okojio 40 raiean aejio- Be¡K — MeaajiaMiH «3a Tpyzio'Byio jioójiecTb» m «3a TpyAOBoe OTAHHHe».
ComiajiHiCTHqecKoe eeAbCKoe xoanííiCTBO flioónjiocb KpynHbix ycnexoe. Ho 3th ycnexH mota« 6bi 6biTb sHiaqHTCAbHo OoAbnmMH, ecAH 6bi bc© Mecrabié pyKOBoa,Hmiie pa6oTBHKH 3a«BMajiMCb ceAbCKHM xosaHCTBOiM t a k, Kan aroro noTpeOoBaji ^eiBpajibCKHñ: FIjieHy.M H K B K J1( 6).
3aAann, CTOaiiiHe nepen HauiEM ceAbCKHM xo3a íic t b o m, rpaHAH03Hbi. n n - thjibiTh iim njiaHOM npeAycMOTpieiHO AoOHTbcn B 1950 r'OAy BajioBoro c6¡opa aepHa b 127 mhaamohob tohh BMecxo 118,8 MiiAAmma tohh, coOpaBHbix b
1940 ro A y , a b oÓAacra >khb o tuoboactb a AOCTHrHyib, a no HeKOTopbiM bh- AaM CKOTa npeB3oiÍTii AOBoeHKbiñ ypoBeiib. PemeHH© stoh BaAcnefimeñ aaaa-
™ rpcCycT noBbimeHHH ypoBma pyKOBOA'CTBa KOAX03aMM co CTopoHbi mcct- Ebix napTHHHbix, coBeTCKHX a ceAbCKOxo 3 a ííc tb e hhbix opraHoa.
Ochoboh ochob AaJiBH©Hinero noABéMa ceAbCKoro xo3a»CTBa BBAneTCn opraHH3aii«oHHO-xo3afícTBeH!Hoe yKpenAeBH© k o ax03ob nyTéM CTpojKanuiero cofíAfOAeHHa ycTaBa ceAbQKoxo3aiíCTBeHHOH apTeAH, nyTéM Henph mnphmoh
6opb6bi c «apymeHnaMii YcTaBa. Me>KAy TeM e ¡paAe koaxo30>b me H3>khth
eme mapyuieHHa YcTaBa ceAbCKOxo3aHCTBeHHoñ apTeAH, npoAOAmaeTca pac- XHipenHe HMymeexBa n oOmecTBeeHbix 3eiMeAb koaxobob. OaxTbi pacxmme-
hhh 3eMeAb K0AX030B BCKpbiTbi b KasaxoKOH CCP, TaTapcKom A € C P , rieH- 3eHCKOH, MeAaidnmCKOH, Kyñ>6biuieBOKOH, Khpobckoh n A pyrax ofíAacTax.
Beé 3To OBHAeTeAbCTByex o tom, ato bo mhothx CAynaax He npoaBAaexca eme Ao chx nop macToamen 3a6oTbi 06 o6mecxBe»HOM xo3añcxBe koaxobob. I3opb6a 3a AaJftHeñmee opraiHHsapHomHo-xoaaHCTB'eHHoe yKpenAeHne KOAXO30B, 3a CTporoe BbiinoAKeHHe ycxaBa ce.AbCK0X03aHCTBeHHon apTeAH, 3a noAtéM TpyAOBoñ AnciimnAiHHbi, yAyamenne oprainniatum h onAaTbi Tpy- Aa — Bammenme© a^jio napraHHbix n coeeTCKnx opranoB.
KoAxo3Hoe «pecThamcTBo b 6opb6e 3a yApenAenne ceAbCiK o x os a íic tb© h - Hoií apTeAH maKOiTiHAO orp'OM-Hbiii oim iT opraiHH3an,HH KpynHoro oOmecTBeHHO- ro npon3BOACTBa, AoSmAocb pocTa lypomaHHOCTH 3©p»oiBbix « TexH«ae©KHX KyAbTyp, noA'téMa >khbothoboactba. TiBopaecKaa «HminaTHiBa n T,pyAOBaa aKTHiBBOCTb KOAxosHoro KpecTbaHCTBa HaxoAax cBoé BbipajKemne b p o c ie co- miaAHCTHaecKoro copeBnoBanna Binnpb h BrAyób.
Ho AocTmrHyxbi© ycnexm He abiot hhkañoro npaaa Ha caMoycnoKO©HHe.
B paóoT© KOAX0 3 0B iiMeexca eme Mmoro HeAocTaxKOB, KOTopbie xopM03HT pa3BHTiie oOmecTB©HHoro xo3flñcTBa apxeA«, MeiuaiOT koaxo3HiHkam pa3Bep-
«yTb BO-E'CK) CBOK) TpyAOByK) 3H©prHK) H HHHUHaTHBy.
BaiAHenuieie 3Haa©HH© xjih noA'BéMa KOAxoanoro npoiisBOACTBa HMeeT npaBHAbHaa opraHH3amia h onAaTa TpyAa, peiumxeAbHaa 6oipb6a co bch- KHMH npOaBAeiHHHM« o6e3AHAKH H ypaíBHHAOBKH B K0AX0 3 3X. OeBpaAb- CKHH nAeny.M U K B K n(6) 1947 roAa yAeAHA sth m BonpocaM oco6oe BHHMa-
!H¡ie. njieayM IJ,K B K n(6) npeAAOíKJiA CoeeTy no A€AaM koaxosob npii Hpa-
btítoabc tbe h A l ii hii ex o p' c r b y cejibCKoro xo3aHCT;Ba CGCP pa3pa6oTaTb npeA-
jio>k0hhh no yjiyqiueHHio b kojixobbx QpraHHBBuiiH h c>njia.Tbi Tpy^a, no- BbIIII0HHK) ¡HOpM Bbl'pafíOTKH H HaB0^0HHiK) 'HOpH^Ka B IiaiIHCJI0HHH Tpy/^O- AHeñ. n pn 3tom riJieHyM H.K B K n (6) onpeAeAHA ocnoBHbTe noAoa<e«ma no BonpocaM opraHHsam-ni h oiiA3Tbi TpyAa b KOAxosax.
14 B. A 1 W P H A H O B
B npHHHTOM CoBeroM Mhhhctpob CCCP nocTahobjietihn «O Mepax no
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