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ckoh napTHH... 44 E. TAPJIE — K HCTopHH aHTHcoBeTCKoa nojiHTHKH aMepiucaHCKoro HMne-
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koh pa3BHTHH couHaAHcranecKoro odmecTBa.
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BojibuieBHCTCKaa napraa BOcnnTajia coBeTCKiix jnoAeft b Ayxe conna- AH3Ma, b Ayxe HAeii JlemiHa — OrajiHHa. OHa npnsBaJia k aKTHBHon nojin- raaecHOH AeaTejibHocra, k C03HaTeAbH0My TBopaecTBy hoboh, connajmcra- necKoii >KH3HH MHAAHOHbi AtOAen Tpyna. HoBaTopu npoH3BOACTBa, Tepow Co- miaAncranecKoro TpyAa oKpy/Kenu b naineii CTpane ca3boh h noneTOM. 3to HOBbie aioah, k3khx He 3HaJia HCTopna, k3khx He momct SbiTb npii KanHTa- AHCTHaeCKOM CTpoe.
B CTpaHax KamiTaJia HMnepnajiHcranecKaa peaKnna Bce dojibine n 6oJib- uie ycnJiHBaeT HacTynjiemie na >KH3HeHHbie HHTepecbi TpyAamnxca, jihkbh- AHpyeT OCT3TKH ACMOKpaTHH. HenpHMHpHMbie npOTHBOpeHUH, aHTarOHHCTH- necnaa 6opb6a kahccob h HaunoHajibHaa Bpax<Aa pa3AnpaioT KanHTajincra- neCKHH MHp.
B C C C P pacn,Bejia connajincTHnecKaa AeMOKparaa, pa3BepHyjincb Tanne HOBbie ABHJKymne cnjibi coBeTCKoro odmecTBa, ksk MopajibHO-noAiiranecKoe eAHHCTBO, Apya<6a HapoAOB, coBeTCKnn naTpnóra3M.
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BeAHKHH 3OAHH0 K0MMyHH3M3 TOBapHlH Ct3AHH HaHepTaA rp3HAH03HyK) nporpaMMy KOMMyHHCTHaecKoro cipoHTeAbCTBa b Hamefi erpaHe. d r a craAHHCKaa nporpaMMa, pacKpbiBaa nepcneKTHBbi Hamero ABHwemia BnepeA, noMoraa nawAOMy coseTCKOMy neAOBeKy rjiyóoKO oco3Haib 3aAaaH, CToamne nepeA cipaHOH, HBAaeTca opraHH3yiomHM HanaAOM co3HAaTeAbHoń AeaieAb- HOCTH p a60MHX, KpeCTbHH H HHTeAAHTeHUHH CCCP. CbCTOM HA6H AeHHHH3- Ma 03apeH hx reponnecKHH TpyA-
06o6lIIHB THraHTCKHH OnblT CTpOHTeAbCTBa C0UHaAH3Ma B oSCTaHOBKe KanHTaAHCTHHecKoro oKpyjKeHHa, TOBapam Ctbahm co3Aaa ueAbHoe h 33koh- aeHHoe yneHHe o counaAKCTHnecKOM rocynapcTBe h npHuieA k BbiBOAy o Heo6xOAHMOCTH COXp3HeHHH TOCyAapCTBa H npH KOMMyHH3Me, eCAH ÓyAeT npo- AOAAcaTb cytuecTBOBaTb KanHTaAHCTHHecKoe OKpynceHHe. 3tot reHHaAbHbin BbiBOA TOBapHiua CTaAHHa oSoraTHA MapKCHCTCKO-AeHHHCKyK) Teopnio, pac- KpbiA BeAHaecTBeHHyio nepcneKTHBy pa3BHTHH cobctckoto oóm ecrBa no n y ra K KOMMyHH3My H M06hAH30B3A COBeTCKHH HapoA Ha yKpenAeHHe 3K0H0MH- aecKOH h BoeHHofl moihh CoBeTCKoro rocyAapcTBa.
Kan roAbi BOHHbi, TaK h roAbi nocAeBoeHHoro CTpoHTeAbCTBa CHOBa Ha-
tahaho noKa3aAH, hto CoBeTCKoe rocyAapcTBO — caMoe npoaHoe h Moryme- CTBeHHoe rocyAapcTBO b MHp-e. CHOBa npoBaAHAHCb nAaHbi HMnepnaAHCTOB, paCCHHTbIBaBUIHX, HTO COBeTCKHH Cof03 He CnpaBHTCH C TpyAHOCTHMH nocAeBoeHHoro CTpOHTCAbCTBa, HTO yAaCTCH HOAHHHHTb CTpaHy COHH3AH3Ma 3KOHOMHKe KanHTaAHCTHHeCKHX CTpaH. PyKOBOACTByHCb PeHHaAbHblMH CT3AHH-
ckhmh npeAHaaepTaHHHMH, CoBeTCKoe rocyAapcTBO b kopotkhh cpo^ npeoAO- AeAO nOCAeACTBHH BOHHbi, AOÓHAOCb 3HaHHTeAbHorO npeBblUjeHHH AOBOeHHOrO ypOBHH npOAyKHHH B npOMblOIAeHHOCTH H CeAbCKOM XO3H0CTBe.
JlBaAHaTb ceAbMyio roAOBiHHny co ahh cMepTH B. H. JleHHHa TpyAH- m neca CCCP OTMenaioT hobmmh ycnexaMH bo Bcex o6AacTax xo3hhctbch- HOH, nOAHTHHeCKOH H KyAbTypHOH HCH3HH. CoBCTCKHH HapOA C HyBCTBOM yAOB- ACTBOpeHHa H ropAOCTH nOABOAHT HTOTH BbinOAHeHHH nOCAeBOeHHOH nHTH- AeTKH.
JIoBoeHHbifi ypoBenb no Bbinycny bbaoboh npoAyKUHH npoMbiuiAeHHOCTH npeBbimeH b CCCP 3a 10 MecaueB 1950 roAa Ha 70% (bmccto HaMeaeHHbix no
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Ejiaro/iapn pemennaM n ap ran no HAeojiornnecKHM BonpocaM ycneniHO pa3BHB3ioTCH coBeTCKaH Hayna, JiHTepaTypa, HCKyccTBo. PacnBeTaeT couna- jiHCTHnecKaH no co^epnoHmo, HannoHajibHaH no (})opMe KyjibTypa Hapo,noB CCCP. Bbipocjia ceTb HayqHo-nccaeA.OBaTejibCKHX yqpe?K,neHHH. PacKpbi-
th6m cenpeia 3tomhoh aneprHH h ApyrHMH KpynHGHLUHMH naynHbiMH aocth- JkeHHHMH coBeTCKHe yneHbie ycKopnioT TexHHqecKHH nporpecc, BbinojiHeHne H nepeBbinojiHeHne Hamnx HapoAHOxo3HHCTBeHHbix njiaHOB. TBopnecKne ahc- KyccHH no BonpocaM H3biK03HaHHH h (|)H3HOJiorHH ABHHyjiH Bnepe# pa3BHTne coBeTCKon Hayi<H. HcKJHonHTejibHo BaJKi-ioe 3HaqeHHe zuih Bcefi HAeojiornne-
ckoh paóoTbi n apran HMeior BbicTynjieHHH TOBapHma CTajiHHa no BonpocaM H3biK03HaHHH, o3Haqaioui,He nepeBopoT, peBojnauHio b 3toh OTpacjin 3HaHH5i.
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n a p ra n h CoBeicKoe rocynapcTBo BeayT orpoMHyio paSoTy no KOMMy- HHCTunecKOMy BOcnmaHmo Mace, no npeoaojieHHro nepe>KHTKOB KanHTajiH3Ma B C03H3HHH JHO^eH, yCHJlHBafOT 6opb6y C npOHBJieHHHMH HeKOMMyHHCTHHeCKO- ro oTHomeHHH k Tpyay h k counajincTHnecKOH co6ctb6hhocth, peuiHTejibHo HCKopeHHK)T 6y p * y a 3Hbie bjihhhhhboOjiacra HayKH, jinrepaTypbi n ncKyccTBa,
bc§ mapę pa3BepTbiBator MapKCHCTCKO-JieHHHCKoe BocnHTaHne Kaa,poB Bcex cneunaJibHocTeH, noMoraa hm OBJiaa,eBaTb naynofi o 3aK0Hax pa3BHTHH oOmecTBa.
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CipoeK KOMMyHH3M3.
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OTKpbiTu HaAe>KHbie ny ra ko Bceodmeiay MHpy h BeJiHKOMy nporpeccy Hapo- Aob, hto HacTynaeT BeK KOMMyHH3Ma.
FIo6efla couHajiH3Ma b CCCP ynpenHAa Bepy TpyAnmHxca Bcero MHpa b hx CHJibi, noKa3ajia hm npHMep. oSjieraHjia Aejio ocBoóoHCAeHHa Bcex yrHeTeH- Hbix napoAOB ot Hra KanHTajiH3M3. HMeHHo SjiaroAapa TOMy, m o ycHAHHMH coBeTCKoro HapoAa h ero 6oAbiiieBHCTCKOH napTHH SbiAa C03AaHa HenoSeAH- Maa counaAHCTHHecKaa Aep>«aBa, HapoAbi MHpa 6uah cnaceHbi ot yrpo3bi cf<auiHCTCKoro nopaSomeHHa, 6biAa cnacena MHposaa HHBHAH3au.Ha. BAaro- Aapa HCTopHaecKOH no6?Ae CCCP HaA i{)amHCTCKOH repMaHHefi h HMnepiia- AHCTHaecKOH HnoHHefi — no6eAe, 3aBoeBaHHoft noA pyKOBOACTBOM BeAHHaft- mero noAKOBOAUa Bcex BpeMĆH h HapOAOB H. B. CTaAHHa,— HapoAbi paAa CTpaH EBponbi h A3HH H36aBHAHCb ot ra m a HMnepnaAH3Ma h BCTynHAH Ha nyTb AeMOKpaTHH h couHaAH3Ma. HcnoAb3ya onbiT nofieAOHocHoro coiiHaAH- CTHaecKoro cTpoHTeAbCTBa h onHpaacb Ha 6paTCKvio noMomb CoBeTCKoro Co- t03a, HapoAbi rioAbUJH, MexocAOBai<HH, BeHrpHH, PyMbiHHH, BoArapHH, AAÓa-
hhh ycTaHOBHAH b cbohx cTpaHax pex<HM HapoAHoft AeMOKpaTHH, ocymecTB- AHIOmHH 4>yHKUHH AHKT3TypbI npOAeTapHaTa. CTpaHbl HapOAHOH AeMOKpaTHH AOCTHTAH y>Ke 60AblHHX yCneXOB B p33BHTHH X03HHCTB3 H KyAbTypbl, B CTpOH- reAbCTBe conHaAH3Ma.
BeAHKHM TOpjKeCTBOM AeHHHH3M3 aBAaeTCH no6eA a KHT3HCKOH HapOAHOH peBOAiou,hh, 0Aep>KaHHaa HapoAOM KHTaa noA pyKOBOACTBOM KOMMyHHCTHne-
ckoh napTHH h ee bo>kah M a o U3e-AyHa. 3to hobhh CHAbHefuiiHH yA ap no Bceft CHCTeMe HMnepnaAH3Ma, KpynHeftmee nopa»ceHHe A a re p a mhpoboh peaKHHH
h noA>KHraTeAeH bohhm. IloóeA a KHTaScKoro HapoAa yMHo>KaeT chah A a re p a AeMOKpaTHH h couHaAH3Ma — A arep a, B03rAaBAaeMoro Cobctckhm C01030M.
HeyKAOHHO pa3BHB3K)TCa X03aflCTB0 H KyAbTypa I<HTaftCKOH HapOAHOH pec- nyÓAHKH. 3HaHHTeAbHbIX yeneXOB B pa3BHTHH X03HHCTBa H KyAbTypbl AOCTHTAa FepMaHCKaa AeMOKparcmecKaa pecnyÓAHKa, cnA anuB aiom aa napoA b 6opb6e 3a MHp, 3a HauHOHaAbHoe eAHHCTBO fepMaHHH Ha AeMOKparanecKOH ocHOBe.
Chah AeMOKpaTHH ii counaAH3Ma pacTyT h no6e>KAaK>T bo bcćm MHpe, nOATBepa<Aaa HCTHHHOCTb TeOpHH Mapi<CH3Ma-AeHHHH3Ma. r «6eAb KanHT3AH3- Ma neMHHyeAia, h6ooh oSpenaeT HeAOBenecTBO na HeBbiHocHMbie MyKH h 6eA- CTBHH KPH3HCOB, HHmeTbl, 6e3pa60THHbI, TOAOAa, KpOB3BbIX HCTpe6HTeAbHbIX BOHH paAH HaKHBbI KVHKH napaSHTOB. 3k0H0MHK3 KanHTaAHCTHHeCKHX CTpaH HaKOAHTCa E COCTOHHHH XpOHHHeCKOrO 3arHHB3HHH. IlepeBOA KanHT3AHCTH- uecKoft 3KOHOMHKH Ha peAbcw BoeHHoro npoH3BOACTBa ne cnaceT ee ot AaAb- HeSmero ynaAKa. roHKa BoopyjKeHHH. noAroTOBKa hobohmhpobohbohhh, ocy- mecTBAaeMaa HMnepnaAHCTaMH CLUA h Apyrnx KanHTaAHCTimecKHX CTpaH, 03HaaaeT AaAbHeftmee HacTynAeHHe Ha H<H3HeHHbiH ypoBeHb h AeMOKpaTHne- CKHe npaBa TpyAnmHxca. 3Ta noAHTHKa BAeaeT 3a coSoh pocT hobux BoeHHbix H3AOTOB, pOCT AOpOrOBH3HbI, yCHAeHHe HHUieTbl H deŚpaÓOTHUbl B pe3yAbTaTe CBepTbIBaHHH HeBOeHHbIX OTpaCAeft npOHSBOACTBa. Bce 3TO HeH36e>KHO 060- CTpaeT npoTHBopeHHA b Aarepe HMnepH3AH3Ma, ycHAKBaeT 6opb6y paSonero
riEPEflO B A H 7
KJiacca, TpyaamHxcfl b CTpaHax KanHTaaa h HapoaoB 3aBHCHMbix h koaohh- ajibHbix CTpaH 3a cbok> CBoóoay h He3aBHCHMOCib, noapbiBaeT Bce ycroH ua- nHTajiH3Ma, BeaeT ero k ra S ea u .
OcymeCTBJlflH CTpOHTejIbCTBO KOMMyHH3M3, CoBeTCKHH CoK)3 SopeTCH noejieaoBaTeabHo 3a MHp, 3a apyaróy h coTpyaHHuecTBo Meacay HapoaaMH Bcex CTpaH. BnecTe c ĆoBeTCKHM Cok>30m 3a a eao Mapa óopioTca CTpaHbi HapoaHOH aeMOKpaTHH, BeaHKHH KHT3HCKHH HapOA, TpyaHLUHeCH TepMaHCKOH aeMOKpaiHuecKOH pecnyójiHKH. 3 i y noAHTHKy Mapa noaaepucHBaeT Bce npo- rpeccHBHoe ueaoBeuecTBO.
Hctophh narjiHAHO noKa3ajia npaBHAbHOCTb noao>KeHHH, BbiaBHHyToro H. B. CraJiHHbiM eme HaKaHyHe nepBofi mhpoboh bohhbi: toabko couHaJiHSM oSecneHHT nouHbiH MHp M e*ay HapoaaMH. CouHaaH3M — sto MHp h cbo6oa- Hoe SpaTCKoe coTpyaHHuecTBo M e«ay HapoaaMH Ha Hauaaax noAHoro pas- HonpaBHH.
IloaHTHKa MHpa h coTpyaHHuecTBa HapoaoB 3aaoa<eHa b caMoft npnpoae coBeTCKoro cxpoa, ocHOBaHHoro Ha paBHonpaBHH h 6paTCKoft a p y * 6 e Hapo-
aOB. JleHHH H CTaaHH HayHIIO OÓOCHOBaAH B03M0>KH0CTb MHpHOro cocyme- CTBOBaHHH AByx CHCTeM. BMecTe c TeM ohh Bceraa pa3o6aaqaaH arpeccHBHyra noaHTHKy HMnepHaaHCTHiiecKHX xhih,hhkob.
BceMy MHpy H3BecTHbi ycHAHH CoBeTCKoro npaBHTeabCTBa, HanpaBaeHHbie Ha yKpenaeHHe MHpa h coTpyaHHaecTBa HapoaoB. BceMy MHpy Taione H3BecT-
ho, hto Jiarepb HMnepHaan3Ma, B03raaBAHeMbiń npaBHiUHMH KpyraMH CLL1A, npOBOaHT IlOJIHTHKy pa3BH3bIBaHHH BOHHbl, AOÓHBaeTCH yCTaHOBAeHHH MHpO- Boro rocnoacTBa HMnepHaaHCTOB CIIIA. Ot hoahthkh noaroTOBKH arpeccnn aMepHKaHCKHH HMnepHaaH3M nepemea k npHMbiM aKTaM arpeccnn. Hanóoaee OTKpbiToe npoHBaeHHe stoh iioahthkh pa36oa — BOopyaceHHaa HH.TepBeHU.HH CIIIA b Kopee. Ho h 3aec.b 3Ta aioaoeacKaH noaHTHKa oópeaeHa Ha Tanów uce i<pax, Kanon oHa noTepneaa b KuTae. TepoHuecKaa HapoaHaa apMHH Kopeu h
aoSaecTHbie KHraHCKue aofipoBoabUbi, MyurecTBeHHO cpanoncb 33 npaBoe ae- ao, 3a aeao Bcex MHpoaio6HBbix HapoaoB, h3hocht coKpyuuiTeabHue y a a p n aMepHKancKHM HHTepBenTaM.
HMnepnaaHCTbi pa3BepxbiBaiOT KpoBaByio KoaoHnaabHyro BOHHy npoTHB HapoaoB BocTOKa, npoBoaHT peMnaHTapH3auHio 3anaanoH TepMaiinH, co3aaioT 3anaaHorepMaucKyK) apMHio, CTpeMHTCH npeBpaTHTb 3anaaHyio TepMaHuio h
HnoHHio b CTpaTerHaecKHe BoeHHbie naauaapMbi npoTHB CoBeTCKoro Coio3a
h CTpaH HapoAHoft aeMOKpaTHH. Ho Kau 6bi hh 6ecH0Baaucb HMnepuaaHCTbi, MHpoaio6nBbie Hapoabi MoryT o6y3aaTb 3auHHmnK0B hoboh MHpoBoft bohhh. C KaucatiM aHeM pacreT h KpenHeT MoryuHH opraaH30BaHHbiH c})poHT MHpa, B03raaBAHeMblfi COBeTCKHM Coi030M — HeCOKpymHMblM OnaOTOM MHpa H a e MOKpaTHH bo BceM MHpe. naTbcoT MHaaHOHOB noamiceH noa CTOKroabMCKHM B033BaHHeM h pemeHHH BTOporo BceMHpHoro KOHrpecca ctopohhhkob MHpa BbipaucaioT eaHHoayuiHoe cTpeMaeHire HapoaoB OTCTOHTb Beauicoe aeao MHpa, copBaTb npecTym-ibie naaHbi noaa<HraTeaefl hoboh mhpoboh bohhh. Hapoabi, SopionuiecH sa MHp, yBepeHbi b Topa<ecTBe CBoero npaBoro aeaa.
BceMH CBOHMH BCeMHpHO-HCTOpHUeCKHMH noSeaaMH COBeTCKHH napoa o6H3aH napTHH JleHHHa—CTaaHHa, npaBHabHoCTH ee noaHTHKH, BepuocTH 3a- BeraM aeiiHHH3Ma, ocymecTBaeHHio ero BeaHKHx naen, reHuaabHOMy pyno- BoacTBy Haiuero bojkah h yaHTean TOBapuma CTaaHHa.
OpraHH3yiomaH h pyKOBoaHinan poab n ap ran npoHBaaeTCH bo Bcefi Ha- rneft rocyaapcTBeHHOH h oómecTBenHOH >KH3HH. n a p r a a BoenHTaaa h 'Boopy- jKHaa MapKCHCTCKo-aeHHHCKOH HayKofl MHoroHHcaeHHbie Kaapbi boBcex o6aa-
cthx rocyaapcTBeHHoro, xo3HHCTBeHHoro h KyabTypHoro CTpoiiTeabCTBa.
Heo6xoaHMbiM ycaoBHeM ycnemiroro aBnareHHH coBeTCKoro Hapoaa Bnepea,
k K0MMyHH3My HBasieTCH aaabHefluiHH noa^eM Bceu HaeoaorHaecKofi paćoTbi napraH, HaeHHbiH pocT HauiHx KaapoB. Ba>KHoe 3HaaeHHe b stom a e ae hmcct
BbinyCK 4-rO H3aaHHH CoMHHeHHH B. H. JleHHHa H BbIXOa B CBeT COHHHeHHlł H. B. CTaaHHa. Tpyabi JleHHHa h CTaaHHa H3aaioTCH orpoMHHMH THpaJKaMH
8 IIEPEflO B A H
Ha H3biKax Hapo^oB CCCP; ohh H3AaiOTCH raiGKe b cxpaHax Hapojmoft abmo- KpaTHH w Apyrnx CTpaHax Mwpa.
yweHwe MapKCH3Ma-JieHHHH3Ma aBnaeTca MorywwM opywcweM b 6opb6e 3a KOMMyHH3M. napraa ćojibiueBHKOB ne cyMejia 6bi noóeAHTb b oicraSpe 1917 roaa, He cyMejia 6bi nocTpoHTb couwaAW3M, ecjiw 6bi ee Kaapbi He OBjia- AejiH Teopwew MapKCH3Ma-jieHHHH3Ma, ecjiw 6bi ohh He cyMejiH npHMeHHTb 3Ty TeopHIO TBOpneCKH, KaK pyKOBOACTBO K AefiCTBHK). ToHHO TaK JKe HeJIb3H ycneuiHO CTpoHTb KOMMyHH3M, He oBJiaAeB TBopnecKH Teopwew: MapKCH3Ma- JieHHHH3Ma, He npHMeHHH ee kak pywoBOACTBo b HayHHoi h npaKTHHecKoił paóoTe no CTpowTeAbcray KOMMyHwcrawecKoro oómecTBa.
JleHHH h CTajiHH ywaT Harny n ap raio , Bcex coBeTCKnx jitoAefi He ycnoKaw- BaTbCH Ha AocrarHyTOM, He odoA bm araca ycnexaMH, He nowEBara Ha jiaB- pax, He AonycKaTb śjiaroAyuiwa h caMoycnoKoeHwa, CMejio BCKpbmaTb h Ha- CTOHWHBO yCTDaHHTb HeA0CT3TKH B CBOeft paÓOTe. Heo6xOAHMbIM yejlOBHeM ycneiiiHoro ABHwceHwa BnepeA, k KOMMyHH3My hbjihiotch BbicoKaa 6ojibme-
bwctckah TpeSoBaiejibHOCTb, HenpHMHpnMocTb k HeAociaTKaM, CMejioe pa3- BepTblBaHHe KpHTHKH H CaMOKpHTHKH.
JleHHH h OrajiHH co3Aajiw napTHio SojibineBHKOB, napraio HOBoro THna, BoopyncHjm ee nepeAOBOw peEO,monwoHHoft Teopwew, CTpaTerwew w t3kthkoh, 3aKaJiHjiH ee b o>xecTOweHHbix 6oax c BparaMH paóowero KJiacca, TpyAHin,wxca, npHBeJIH COBeTCKHH HapO A K BCeMHpHO-HCTOpHaeCKHM nOÓeAaM.
n o o6pa3uy napraw SoAbineBWKOB, Ha ocHOBe JieHHHH3Ma co3AaHbi, pa- CTyx h KpermyT KOMMyHwcrawecKwe napraw bo Bcex CTpaHax. B yweHww JleHHHa— CTajiHHa ohh wepnaiOT pyKOBOAwmwe ywasaHwa ajih Bcew CBoew npaKTHHecKon 6opb6bi, h3xoaht OTBeTbi na Bce óoeBbie Bonpocbi coBpeMeH- Horo peBOJHOHHOHHOrO ABHJKeHHH.
BojibmeBHCTCKaa napraw HaKonnjia KOAOccajibHbiw onbiT no pywoBOAcray CTpOHTejibCTBOM conwajiwcrawecKoro oóm ecraa. 3tot onbiT ycneuiHO npiiMe-
HHKDT KOMMyHHCTHHeCKHe H paSOHWe napTHH CTpaH HapOflHOH aeMOKpaTHH.
OnbiT CCCP HarjiHAHo noKa3biBaeT, wto AJia noSeAbi cou,wajiH3Ma Heoó-
xoahmh BceMepHoe yKpenjieHHe AHKTaTypbi npoAeTapwaTa, ocyinecTBJleHHe pyKOBOAHinefi pojin napTHH, CTpoH<awmee eAHHcrao h wwcTora paAOB napraw, peuiHTejibHaa 6opb6a nporaB onnopTyHHCTOB, HaunoHajracTOB h npowwx aren-
tob 6ypH<ya3HH, CTpeMHiu,Hxca npoHHKHyTb b paAbi paóowero KJiacca h ero napraw.
JleHHHH3M HBjiaeTca HaywHbiM oóocHOBaHweM 6opb6bi TpyAfHn,wxca npo-
twb HMnepwajiH3Ma, 3a noóeny KOMMyHH3Ma. PyKOBOAcrayacb yweHweM JleHHHa—CTajiHHa, oBJianeBaa doraTewmwM onMTOM napraw óoAbineBHKOB, 3aKajiaacb borae peBOJiionwoHHbix 6oeB, KOMMyHwcrawecKwe napraw Bce 6ojiee npeBpamaiOTca b doeBbie MaccoBbie napraw, b opraHH3aTopoB w pyKOBO/urre- Jiew BceHapoAHow 6opb6bi 3a MHp, AeMOKparaio w cou,wajiw3M. 3thm ohw 3a- BoeBajiw AOBepwe paóowero KAacca w mwpOKwx Mace TpyAHmwxca. Bbipoc aBTopwTeT KOMMyHwcTHwecKwx napraw cpeAn Mace, ycwjiwjiocb BJiwaHwe jieHHHCKO-CTajiwHCKoro yweHwa h^ MewcAyHapoAHoe pa6owee ABwacenwe, Ha 6opb6y yrHeieHHbix HapoAOB 3a esoe ocBo6o>KAeHHe. KoMMyHwcrawecKwe napTww aBjiaioTca caMbiMW Myw<ecTBeHHbiMH, nocjieAOBaTejibHbraw w caMooT- Bep>KeHHbiMH 6opnaMH npOTHB KanwTajiwcTHwecKoro rH§Ta, npoTWB noA>Kwra- Tejiew HOBOH BOHHbl, SopiiaMH 3a MHp, AeMOKparaiO W C0HHaJIW3M.
Bjiw3wtch BpeMH nojiHoro w oKOHwaTeJibHoro TopncecTBa BejiHKHX HAeft MapKCH3Ma-JieHWHW3Ma bo BceM Mwpe. B Hani Bei< Bce Aoporw BenyT k kom- MyHH3My. nOA BOAHTeJIbCTBOM BeJIHKOTO CT3JIHHa Bnep§A — K HOBbIM no6eA3M!
O p a ó o T e n a p T H H H M X o p r a H H 3 a u , H H c p e ^ H H £ e H i n ; H H
XeHCKHH Bonpoc, Bonpoc o noflo»ceHHH JKeHmHHbi b oSmecTBe, He hb- JineTCH BeHHofi h HeH3MeHHoft KaTeropneS, a HMeeT HCTopHnecKHH xapaK- Tep, onpeflejmeTCH b c h k hS pa3 aaHHbiM oGmecTBeHHO-aKOHOMHnecKHM CTpoeM.
B. H. JleHHH nncaji o6 ynacra >KeHmHH b KanmrajiHCTHnecKOM odme- CTBe: «...}KeHCKaH nojioBHHa poaa neJioBenecKoro npn KanHTajiH3Me yr-He- TeHa B^BoftHe. PaOoTHHua h KpecTbKHKa yrHeieHbi KanHTajiOM h CBepx Toro
o h h ziajne b caMbix ,neMOKpaTHHecKHx H3 6ypx<ya3Hbix pecnyójiHK ocraiOTCH, BO-nepBbIX, HenOJIHOnpaBHblMH, HÓO paBeHCTBa C My>KHHHOH 3aK0H hm He flaeT; Bo-BTopbix, — h sto rjiaBHoe — o h h ociaioTCH b «^0MauiHeM pa6cTBe»,
«jlOMamHHMH p a6biHHMH», 6ynyHH 3aj[aBjieHbi caMOH MejiKOH, caMoft nepHoft, caMoft THJKeJioH, caMOH OTynjmiomeH HejiOBena paSoTon KyxHH h Boo6me ojth- HOHHoro aoMaiUHe-ceMeiiHoro xo3HflcTBa» (Gon., t. 32, h3ą. 4, cTp. 138— 139).
npH KanHTajiH3Me, yKa3biBaji TOBapnm CiaJiHH, Tpy,zmmHecH >KeHmH- iibi — «caMbie yraeTeHHbie H3 Bcex yrHeieHHbix...» (Con., t. 7, CTp. 48).
BecnpocBerHOH, decKOHerao yHH3HTejibHOH, npHflaBJieHHOH óbuia >KH3Hb
^CeHUlHHbl B HapCKOH PoCCHH. He^apOM BejIHKHH pyCCKHH n03T Henpa- COB, o6pa3HO XapaKTepH3yH TH>KKyK) AOJIIO }KeHIII,HHbI B CTapofi Pocchh, nncaji:
KJIIOHH OT CHaCThH JKeHCKOTO, Ot Hauiefi BOJibHOH bojhouikh
3 a6pomeHbi, noTepHHbi...
MapKCH3M-JieHHHH3M BnepBbie yKa3aji TpyzwmeHCH HteHmHHe, rae h KaK H3HTH «KjnOHH OT CiaCTbH >KeHCKOrO». EflHHCTBeHHO HpaBHJIbHblft nyTb K pacKpenouieHHio >KeHiH,HHbi, k ee cnacTbio — nyTb 6opb6bi BMecTe co BceM pa-
ć o h h m KJiaccoM 3a ocBoóo>KAeHHe ot n ra KanHTajia h co3^aHHe counajiHCTH- necKoro o6m,ecTBeHHoro CTpoa.
«...Kax<flbiH mar yraeTeHHoro tuiacca no nyra ocBo6o>K^eHHH HBJineTCH BMecTe c TeM oSjierneHHeM no/iojKeHHH >KeHmHH»,— nucaji TOBapnm Ct3jihh
(Coh., t. 5, CTp. 60). riosTOMy oahoh H3 rJiaBHbix 3afl,an Harnen napran hbjih- jiocb npnoSuieHHe TpyflHmHXCH JKeHiimH k oSmenpojieTapcKOMy nejiy, cn.no- neHHe Bcex TpyaHUjHXCH My«HHH ii JKemuHH, i<aK yKa3HBaji TOBapniu, CrannH,
«b eiiHHyK) apMHio 6opnos 3a ymiuTOjKenne bchkotó HepaBnonpaBHH, 3a yHH- HTOKenne BCHKoro meTa, 3a no6eny npojieTapnaia, 3a nocTpoeHHe b Harnefl CTpaHe hoboto, cormanncTHnecKoro o6mecTBa» (Con., t. 8, CTp. 108).
3Ta 3anana Hamen napraefi ycnenmo pemeHa. B coBeTCKOM counann- CTHHeCKOM o6meCTBe MyjKHHHbl H >KeHUIHHbI — 3TO flpy3bH H TOBapHIHH B 0(5- men caMQOTBep>KeHHOH 6opb6e 3a KOMMynn3M. Hpn onpenenennH onepefl- HbIX 39Aan paÓOTbl Cpe/IH >KeHm,HH Ha^O HCXOAHTb H3 KOHKpeTHOH oSCTaHOB-
k h, CJio>KHBUieHCH b HauieH CTpaHe, h npejK^e Bcero H3 peruaiomero (paKTa,
h t o c noSeAoft couHajiH3Ma x<eHCKHH Bonpoc b Hamen CTpaHe ycnemHO pa3pe- meH, pa3pemeH BnepBbie 3a bcio nejioBenecKyio HCTopmo.
Eme b 1921 rofly B. H. JleHHH nncaji: «BoJibmeBHCTCKan, coBeTCKan pe- BOJirouHH noflpe3bmaeT Kopirn yraeTeHHH w HepaBeHCTBa >KenmHH Tan ray- 6oko, nań He Aep3a^a no^pe3aTb hx hh oAHa napTHH h hh o/iHa peBo^iounji
10 O PABOTE rtAPTHHHbIX OPrAHH3AUHH CFEflH JKEH1I1HH
b MHpe. Ot nepaBencTBa JKemiiHHbi c myjkhhhoh no 3aKOHy y Hac, b CoBeT-
ckoh Pocchh, He ocTanocb h cjiena» (Coh., t. 32, H3A. 4, cip. 139).
B nocjienyiomiie ro/ibi b pe3yjibTaie noSeAbi connajiH3Ma kbk b ropojie, Tan h b nepeBHe JKenuiHEa h SKOHOMHnecKH crana b CCCP Ha paBHyio Hory c MyjKHHHoft. CTajiHHCKan KoHCTHTyuHH He TOJibKo npenocTaBjmeT JKeHinHHe paBHbie npaBa c MyjKTOHOft bo Bcex o6jiacmx rocynapcTBeHHOH, xo3HHCTBeH-
hoh, KyjibtypHOH h odmecTBeHHo-nojiHTHaecKOH >kh3hh, ho h odecneaHBaeT peajibHbie ycnoBna ocyuiecTBjieHHa sthx npaB.
PlapTHH JleHHHa—CraJiiiHa noAHHJią coBeTCKyro JKeHuiHHy Ha Tanyio b h- coiy, KOTopan HenocaraeMa jura ateHuiHH KanHTajiHCTHaecKHX CTpaH. BMecTe co BceM coBeTCKHM HapoflOM Hania >KeHmHHa — nojiHOBJiacTHbin xo3hhh cbo- ero rocynapcTBa h cBoefl cynbdbi, aKTHBHbin crpoHTenb KOMMyHH3Ma. Bejm- Kaa 3acnyra b npaBiwibHOM pa3pem eHH H meHCKoro Bonpoca b CCCP, bo- npoca o HieHCKOM Tpyne, o Ba>KHeHnieH p o im jKemniiH — paóoTHHU h Kpe-
CTbHHOK — B X03HHCTBeHH0ft H 06meCTBeHH0- n0JlHTHHeCK0H JKH3HH oSlIieCTBa, 3acnyra b B03BeJiHaeHHH cobctckoh JKeHuiHHbi npHHanneiKHT bojkaio h yaHTe-
jiio Harnefi n a p ra n , Bcex TpyaainHxca TOBapnuiy CrajiHHy.
JleHHH h Ct3jihh npHuaioi Beirananmee 3HaaeHHe BOBJieaeHHio JKeHiiiHH
b o6mecTBeHHO-npoH3BOflHrejibHbiH, couHajiHCTHaecKH opraHH30BaHHbifl Tpyn.
«,fl,.ria nojTHoro ocBo6o>KfleHHa jKemiiHHbi h im a uencTBHTejibHoro paBeHCTBa ee c MyjKmiHOH, — nncan JleHHH, — HyiKHO, modbi 6bi.no odmecTBeHHoe xo- 3HHCTB0 H HTOdbl IKeHHlHHa yaaCTBOBaJTa B oSuieM np0H3B0HHTeHbH0M rpyae.
Tom a iKenuiHHa dyner 3aHHMaTb Tanoe me nojiomeHiie, nań a My>KHHHa»
(Coa., T. 30, H3U. 4, CTp. 25).
>KeHiu,HHbi b CCCP nrpaioT orpoMHyio, Bbiaaiomyioca pojib b HaponHOM X03aHCTBe. MHUJlHOHbl COBeTCKHX IKeHUlHH CaMOOTBepiKeHHO TpyflHTCa, aKTHBHo ynacTByioT b comiajmcTHiecKOM copeBHOBaHUH, noBbiuiaioT CBoe MaCTepCTBO, CBOIO npOH3BOflCTBeEHyiO KBajIHCj)HKaU,HK), OBJiaAeBaa TeXHHKOH
h nepenoBbiMH MeTonaMii Tpyaa.
B cejibCKOM xo3aficTBe b pe3ynbTaTe nodeflbi KOJixo3Horo cTpoa ineHinH- Ha-KpecTbaHKa npHoduiHJiacb k CBodoiiHOMy odmecTBemiOMy Tpyny, aoóh- nacb cjiaKTHaecKoro 3KOHOMHaecKoro paBeHCTBa c MyiKiHHoii h nojiynnua HeorpaHHaeHHbie bo3Moikhocth noJWTHaecKoro h KyjibTypHoro pocia.
B 1935 rony na npneMe KOirxo3HHH-ynapHHii CBeK.noBHHHbix nojiefl py- KOBonHiejiaMH napiHH h npaBHtejibCTBa TOBapnui C ianim roBopiui: «TojibKO Konxo3Haa >KH3Hb Morna cnejiaTb Tpya flenoM noaeia, TojibKo OHa Morua nopoAHTb HacToauiHX repoHHb->KeHUiHH b nepeBHe. TojibKo KOJixo3Haa >KH3Hb MOrjia yHHHTOJKHTb HepaBeHCTBO H nOCTaBHTb >KeHlHHHy na HOni». >KeHLUH- Hbl CTajIH nOHCTHHe BeJlHKOft CHUOH B K01IX03aX.
He MeHee BbinaiouiHXca ycnexoB ao cran iH coBeTCKne weHuiHUbi b OBJia-
neiiHH HayKOH, KyjibTypoft, nyaa >KeHiHHHaM b crap o e BpeMa n o p o ra dbijia 4)aKTHaecKH aaKpbiTa. )KeHm,HHbi c BbicuiHM o6pa30BaHHeM b napcKofl Poc
chh CbiJin, mo>kho CKa3aTb, nanepeaeT. B Cobctckom Coro3e »ceHmHHa c ia n a orpoMHOH KyjibTypHofl chjioh. CpenH cnennanHCTOB c 3aK0HneHHbiM bwcuium
o6pa30BaHHeM >KeHinHHbi cocTaB.aaioT b nacToam ee BpeMa doubine nonoBH- Hbi, a no HeKOTopbiM cneunaJibHocTaM (Bpann h n e ^ a r o r n ) — 3HanHTe^bHo dO/ibUie nOHOBHHbl.
B CTapoe, nopeBOJiionHOHHoe BpeMa o >KeHmHHax-HH>KeHepax h >i<eHfflH- Hax-arponoMax He dbiao h CJibiiiiHO, a renepb b Hamefl cipaiie cothh Tbicaa jKei-HHHH-HHiKeHopoB, jKenuiiiH-arpoHOMOB h npynix cneunajiHCTOB Ha- poflHoro xo3HHCTBa. 3 a BoeHHbie h nocJieBoeriHbie roubi noara yABOHJiocb HHC.no >I<eHUlHH — HayHHblX padOTHHKOB. ileCHTKH TbICHH >KeiIIHHH 3KTHBHO padoTaior na nonpinne coBeTCKofi Haynu, yMiioiKaa ee ycnexn, ee cnaBy.
ToBapnui CTajiHH OTMenau ocodyto pojib jneHiniiH b BocmuaHHH AeTefi.
Mnorne cothh Tbicaa meHiiiHH renepb padoTaioT b odnacTH Hapoa.noro odpa- soBanna, oraaB aa cboh chjiw dnaroponnoMy neny BOcniiTaHiia Hauiefi mojio- fleiKH b ^yxe BbicoKoii HnefiHOCTH, 6e33aBeTHoii npenaiiH ocra PoAHHe.
O PABOTE riA PT H H H bIX O P rA R H 3 A H H H CPEA H JKEHIB.HH 11
>KeHCKHe Kaapbi cneiiHajmcTOB pacTyT noHCTHHS SypHbiMH TeMnaMH.
OcHOBHan hx nacTb — sto em e MOJioAbie cneimajmcTbi. Ho ohp HeycTafmo noBbiuiaioT cboio KBajiHtjiHKauHK), pacnmpaioT cboh Kpyro30p, npHośpeTaror onbiT. Co3flaeTca BejiHKOJienHaa ocHOBa aji a caMoro umpoKoro BbiABHJKeHHH memiraH b fijiHwafiuiHH n epnoa Ha pyKOBOAamyio p aó o ry bo bccx OTpacjiax HapoAHoro xo3HHCTBa. 3 i a ocHOBa eme 6ojiee pacim ipaeTca fijiaroAapa HCKJiKmmejibHOMy pa3Maxy noAfOTOBKH >KencKHX KaapoB Bbicmefi KBajiH^H-
Ka:iHH.
Ham a n a p ra a BcerAa npH/iaBajia orpoMHoe 3HaaenHe npoABHmeHHio ne- peAOBbix JKenmHH bo Bce napTHHHbie, coBeTCKHe h oSmecTBeHHbie opraHbi.
«...Mh aoji>KHbi npHBeTCTBOBaTb, — yaHT TOBapHm CiajiHH, — pacTymyio 06meCTBeHHVK) aKTHBHOCTb TpyAHmHXCH JKeHIIlHH H HX BbIABH>KeHHe Iia py- KOBOAHmne nocTbi, Kai< HecoMHei-iHbiii rrpH3HaK poeta Hameft KyAbTypHocra»
(«Bonpocbi JieHHHH3Ma», hsa. l i , CTp. 460). H b otom oTHomeHHH Aocrarny- Tbi Kpyrmefiimie, HeocnopiiMbie ycnexn. Bot HeKOTopbie AanHbie. B 1924 roAy B 4HCJie HJieHOB (})a63aBK0M0B ŚblAO 14% JKemilHH, B HHCA6 HJieHOB ueHT- paJIbHbIX KOMHTeTOB np0(j}C01030B — Bcero JlHHJb 4%, a B HaCTOHmee BpeMH
hhcjio meHmHH b codaB e HJienoB cJiaSsaBKOMOB A ocraraei 41,8%, b cocTase ueHrpajibHbix KOMi-neTOB npocj>coro30B — 36,5% h b cociaBe npe3HAHyMa B u c n c — 24%. n o jihhhh napTHHHoft Heo6xomiMO npe>KAe Bcero OTMerara CHCTeMaTHHeCKHH poCT (a6C0J!K)THblfi H OTHOCHTeAbHblft) HHCAeHHOCTH meH- mHH b cocTaBe B K n(6). Ha 1 HHBapa 1924 roAa b napraw coctohjio JKeHiiiHH Bcero okojio8% oSmero cocTaBa; Ha 1 HHBapa 1941 roA a— 14,9%; Ha 1 hh- Bapa 1945 roA a— 17%; na 1 hioah 1950 roAa— 20,7%.
ycHJiHJiocb b nocJieBoeHHbie toau h BbmBHJKeHHe >KeHuiHH Ha pyiioBo- Aamyio n apraim yio pa6oTy. B cocTase ceKpeTapeił panKOMOB, ropKOMOB, yKOMOB, OKpy>KKOMOB, OÓKOMOB, KpaflKOMOB, U K KOMIiapTHft C0!03HbIX peC- nyójiHK pafioTa^o memirnH na 1 HHBapa 1945 roAa 951, Ha 1 aim ap a 1949 ro
A a — 1034 u Ha 1 HHBapa 1950 r o A a — 1386; ceKpeTapefl nepBHHHbix nap- THHHbix opraHH3auHH, cooTBeTCTBeimo,— 40 370, 42 155 h 47 106. 3ra hh(|)- pbi roBopHT o pacTymefi poiiH meHmmi b pyKOBOAam;Hx napraflHbix opraHax.
C KamubiM toaom coBeTCKHe >KeHiiiHHbi npHHHMaioT Bce 6oAee aKTHBiioe ynacrae b ynpaBjiemm cTpaHoa, b cobotckom CTpoHTeJibCTBe.
B 1924 roAy b oraeraoM AOKJiaAe XIII cbe3Ay napTHH TOBapum CraAHH VKa3biBaji, hto b cocTaBe boaocthhx Hcno/iKOMOB łKeHmHH óbuio Bcero 0,5%, ye3HHbix ncnojiKOMOB — 2% h ry6epHCKHX— 3%. B nocjie^y- lomne roAbi nama napTHH npoBejia orpoMHym paSoTy no noAHranecKOMy BOCnHTaHHfO, nOBbimeHHK) nOAHTHHeCKOft aKTHBHOCTH H BbMBHJKeHHlO X<eH- mHH b CoBerbi nenyTaTOB TpyaamHxca. B pe3yjibTaTe stoh paóoTbi HbiHe
b cocTaBe cejibCKHx, noceJiKOBbix, pafioHHbix, ropoACKHx Cobctob paOoTaeT He MeHee 30—40% meHiUHH, b cocTaBe o6JiacTHbix CoBetoB — He MeHee 25—30%. B cocTaBe BepxoBHoro CoBeTa CCCP nepBoro co3biBa 6buio 187 jKeHmHH-AenyTaTOB, B T o p o r o C 0 3 b iB a — 277 h TpeTbero c o 3 b iB a — 280.
CucTeMaTHiecKH yBeJiHHHBaeTca h hhcjio JKeHmHH-AenyTaTOB b BepxoBHbix CoBeTaX Bcex COI03HbIX H aBTOHOMHbIX COBeTCKHX COU,HajlHCTHHeCKHX pccnyÓJiHK.
HeT T3KOH OTpaCJIH X03HHCTBa, KyAbTypbl H oSmeCTBeHHO-nojIHTHaeCKOH AeHTejibHOCTH, r^ e 6bi He paaBepTbiBaJiHCb TBopaecKHe cnocodHOCTH coBet-
ckoh jKeHmHHH, rAe 6bi ona He nrpajia Bce 6oaee BbiAaiomeHca pojiH.
napTHH h coBeTCKoe npaBHTejibCTBo HeycTaHHO saóoTHTca o pocje 6jia- rOCOCTOHHIIH H KyjIbTypbl COBeTCKHX JHOAeft. 0 6 3T0M yfieAHTeAbHO CBHAe- TejibCTByioT TaKHe Mepw, i<aK CHCTeMaTHaecKoe CHHmeHHe uen, noBbimemie peajibHoft 3apa6oTHofi ruiaTbi, yBeAHMeHHe npoAa>KH npoMbimAeHHbix h npo- AOBOAbCTBeHHbIX TOBapOB, OTpOMHblS pa3M8X JKHAHmHOTO CTpOHTejIbCTBa, He.BHAaHHoe pacmHpeHHe cera yae6Hbix, Haymibix h KyjibTypHO-npocBera- TeAbHbix yapeiKAeHHft, pocT MeAnm-iHCKoro h Kypoprao-caHaTopHoro odc^y-
>KHBai!HH, oóAerweHHe ycjioBHH TpyAa b cbh3h c hpoboahmoh MexaHH3auHefi TpyAOĆMKHX H THH(gjIbIX paOoT.
12 O PABOTE n A P T H H H b IX O P rA H H 3 A U IIK CPEAH 3KEHIUHH
Ho n a p in a h npaBHTejibCTBO He orpaHHHHBaioTCH t3khmh oSiuhmh aah TpyHHHlHXCH — MyiKHHH H JKeHUIHH — MepOIipHHTHHMH. B CCCP AeHCTByeT cawoe nepe^oBoe b MHpe 3aKOHonaTejibCTBO, B03BeAHHHBaiomee iKeHiHHHy- M3Tb, odecneHHBaiomee oco6yio oxpaHy KeHCKoro TpyAa, oxpaHy MaTepnH- CTBa h MJia^eHHecTBa.
O ra y c n a no depeMeHHOcra c coxpaHeHHeM 3apa6oraoH m ia ra , rocynap- CTBenHaH noMomb MHoroceMeiiHbiM MaiepHM, mupoKoe pa3BHrae ce ra poAHAb-
hbix aomob, ^eTCKHX scjiefi, AeTCKHX caAOB h nnoHepcKHx Jiarepeft; cnennajib- Hbie Mepbi no oxpaHe jnencKoro TpyAa; ó e c n jia ra a a MeAHiiHHCKaH noMOuib óepeMeHHbiM jKeHmHHaM, ycTaHOBJieHHe n o n erao ro 3B3hhh «MaTb-repoHHH», KOTOpoe yixe hocht Sojiee 30 tmchh >KeHin,HH, h ynpe>KAeHHe opAeHa «M aie- pHHCKaa cJiaBa», «M enajin M aiepH H C TB a» — Bce sto decnpnMepubie b hcto- p n n 4>aKTbi 3a6orai o JKeHUiHHe.
I3o3bMeM, knpHMepy, Bonpoc o noMomn .óepeMeHHbiM JKeHiUHHaM. B nap-
ckoh Pocchh óbiJio Bcero 9 KOHcyjibTanHH ajih MaTepn h peSeHKa, h 98%
iKenmHH poiKajiH óe3 bchkoh BpanedHOH h aKyinepcKofl noMoniH, b caMbix aHTHcaHHTapHbix ycjioBHHX. CjieACTBneM s io ro óbuia oneiib bmcok3h CMepT-
hoctb pokerom h MepTBopoiKAaeMOCTb, a T a s* e BbicoKaa CMepraocTb Ae-Teft Ha nepBOM roay >kh3hh. B Cobctckom Coi03e Ha 1 HHBapn 1950 i m a TOJibKo
b opraHax 3ApaBooxpaHeHHH HMejiocb 6570 KOHcyjibTauHH, 112 520 KoeK ahh
6epeMeHHbix h poiKennu. BpanedHo-aKyinepcKOH noMouibio oxBaTbiBaeica 6o- Jiee 93% pojKennu b ropoAax h dojiee 83% b cejibCKoS Mecraocra. B pesyjib- i a i e 3thx MeponpHHTHH, a raKiKe noBbimeHHH MaTepnajibHoro ypoBHH coBei- CKoro HapoAa CMepraocTb poJKeHHU, y Hac no cpaBHeHHio c AopeBonionHOHHbiM BpeMeHeM CHII3HAaCb B HeCKOJIbKO pa3 H HBJineTCH C3MOH HH3KOH B MHpe.
B HecKOJibKo pa3 TaKHce coKparajiHCb mepTBopojkasbm ocra n CMepraocTb HOBOpO/KAeHHbIX.
Oahhm H3 3aMenaTejibHbix npoHBJieHHH 3a6orai n ap ran n coBeTCKoro npaBHTejibCTBa o iKemiwHe HBJineTCH 0Ka3aHne rocyAapcraeHHon noMoimi MHOrOAeTHbIM H OAHHOKHM M3TepHM. ToAbKO 3a nOCAeAHHe 5 Jier MHOrOAeT- hhm h oahhokhm MaiepHM b CCCP Bbirnianeno rocyAapcTBeHHbix nocodHH okojio 18 MHJiJinapAOB pydjiei. 3 r a cyMMa npeBbimaeT 6;oA>KeT YKpanHCKOH CCP Ha 1950 roA.
C KaacAbiM roAOM pacreT b Hainefi CTpane ceTb agtckhx ynpe/KACHHH:
AercKHX HCJiefi, abtckhx chaob, nnoHepcKHX AarepeS h t. n. ToAbKO no ro- cyAapCTBeHHon cera actckhmh hcahmh, agtckhmh caAaMH h aom3mh pedemca odcAyiKHBaeTCH y Hac okoao 1900 thchh A eiefi. JleraM 1950 i m a 5 mhaaho- HOB AGTeń H nOApOCTKOB OTAbIXaAH B nHOHepCKHX AarepH X, AGTCKHX CanaTO- ,pHHX, 3KCKypCH0HH0-TypHCTCKHX 6a3aX , a T3KACe B A6TCKHX AOMaX, ASTCKHX
caAax h hcahx, BbiBe3eHHbix Ha Becb JiemHH nepHOA b Aanubie M e c r a o c ra .
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