Natural sources of hydrocarbons
Natural sources of hydrocarbons Lesson plan (Polish)
Lesson plan (English)
Link to the lesson
Before you start you should know
what is the electron configuration and the position of carbon in the periodic table.
You will learn
what are the characteristics of hydrocarbons; what are the natural sources of hydrocarbons;
what are applications of natural gas and crude oil;
which products are created using crude oil;
what are the risks of methane;
what are the types of coals;
where coal deposits in Poland are located.
Nagranie dostępne na portalu epodreczniki.pl Nagranie dźwiękowe abstraktu
Organic compounds - hydrocarbons
In the 18th century, chemical compounds were divided into mineral compounds, i.e. those obtained from rocks and minerals (today called inorganic compounds), and organic compounds, i.e. produced
exclusively by living organisms. It was not until the nineteenth century (in 1828) that the German chemist Friedrich Wöhler obtained the organic substance – urea in the laboratory. Urea is one of the metabolic products of humans and animals. Although the division into inorganic and organic chemistry has a historical background, it is still in use today.
Task 1
Before you watch the movie „Examination of the composition of organic substances”, write down the research question and the hypothesis. During the screening, pay attention to what happened to the rice. What does it mean? Write down the observations, conclusions and the summary of the
experience.
Analysis of the movie: "Examina on of the composi on of organic substances”
Research ques on
Hipothesis
Observa ons
Natural sources of hydrocarbons
Photo by Ian Simmonds o on Unsplash.Source: domena publiczna.
Conclusions
Summary
Film dostępny na portalu epodreczniki.pl
Nagranie filmowe eksperymentu- badanie składu substancji organicznych, examination of the composition of organic substances. Będziesz potrzebować: ryż, probówka, palnik. Do probówki wsypujemy trochę ryżu. Probówkę ogrzewamy nad palnikiem. Ryż ciemnieje.
Organic compounds are all chemical compounds that include carbon and atoms of other elements, such as hydrogen, oxygen, nitrogen, phosphorus, silicon and sulphur.
Inorganic carbon compounds are, for example, carbon oxides, carbonic acid and its salts, and others (carbides and cyanides). The simplest organic compounds are hydrocarbons.
Hydrocarbons are chemical compounds made up of carbon and hydrogen atoms.
Natural hydrocarbon resources
The most abundant natural sources of hydrocarbons are primarily petroleum, natural gas as well as coals. These raw materials originated from plant and animal organisms as a result of transformation (under the influence of appropriate temperature and high pressure) lasting many millions of years.
The largest documented reserves of natural gas and crude oil are in Russia (77% of gas and 23% of crude oil in resources) and Iran (60% of gas and 40% of crude oil in resources). Venezuela and Saudi Arabia
have the world's largest petroleum deposits with relatively small gas resources.
1,000 m of gas = 6.6 barrel of crude oil
Petroleum
Crude oil is a liquid mixture of solid, liquid and gaseous hydrocarbons as well as oxygen, nitrogen and sulphur compounds. Its composition depends on the source of origin. Crude oil mined from the deposit is in the form of a dense liquid, usually with a dark brown colour and a sharp odour.
Processing of crude oil involves its distillation. It is a method that uses the difference in the boiling points of its ingredients. As a result of the distillation of the mazut under appropriate conditions, among others, oils, petroleum asphalt, tar, petrolatum, paraffin are obtained.
For almost half a century, Poland was a world power in the production of crude oil, then known as rock oil. In 1854, the Polish pharmacist and chemist Ignacy Łukasiewicz launched the first petroleum mine in the world in Bóbrka. People from America, Russia and the British Empire came to Podkarpacie to learn how to mine crude oil and how to distil it. In the best year of 1906 over 2 million tons of oil were mined from Polish deposits. Later their performance dropped, and richer deposits were discovered in the world.
3
Natural gas
Natural gas can occur together with crude oil or black coal deposits or alone. It is a mixture of gaseous and liquid hydrocarbons as well as carbon dioxide, nitrogen, hydrogen, hydrogen sulphide and noble gases (argon, helium). The content of individual components of natural gas is variable and depends on the place of mining, however its main component is methane, constituting over 90%.
Natural gas is cleaned before being sent to recipients. It is also given an odour (so‑called odorizing) so that it can be felt in the event of a leak, for example in gas stoves.
Coals
Coals belong to energy resources. Their varieties differ in colour (from light brown to intensely black), hardness and percentage content of the carbon element.
Black coal deposits in Poland are located in three basins: in Upper Silesia, in the Lublin region and in Lower Silesia.
In 2000, it was discontinued to mine coal in the coal‑mining area in Lower Silesia. In turn, over 90% of the coal mined in Poland comes from the coal‑mining area in Upper Silesia. In these areas, exploitation of deposits began already in the mid‑seventeenth century.
Exercise 1 Exercise 2 Exercise 3 Exercise 4 Exercise 5
Summary
Organic compounds are charring at elevated temperatures.
Natural sources of hydrocarbons are natural gas, crude oil and coal.
The petroleum components, e.g. gasoline, kerosene, and diesel oil, are isolated using a distillation process.
Source: GroMar Sp. z o.o., licencja: CC BY-SA 3.0.
Homework Task 2.1
Look for information indicating the type of hazard that this gas may create in the safety data sheet of methane.
Keywords
hydrocarbons, organic compounds, inorganic compounds, petroleum, natural gas, coal, refine
Glossary
hydrocarbons
Nagranie dostępne na portalu epodreczniki.pl Nagranie dźwiękowe słówka
węglowodory – związki chemiczne, których cząsteczki są zbudowane z atomów węgla i wodoru organic compounds
Nagranie dostępne na portalu epodreczniki.pl Nagranie dźwiękowe słówka
związki organiczne – związki chemiczne węgla z innymi pierwiastkami, z wyjątkiem związków zaliczanych do nieorganicznych (m.in. tlenki węgla, kwas węglowy i jego sole)
Lesson plan (Polish)
Temat: Naturalne źródła węglowodorów Adresat
Uczeń szkoły podstawowej (klasy 7. i 8.) Podstawa programowa:
Szkoła podstawowa. Chemia.
VIII. Związki węgla z wodorem – węglowodory. Uczeń:
1) definiuje pojęcia: węglowodory nasycone (alkany) i nienasycone (alkeny, alkiny);
9) wymienia naturalne źródła węglowodorów;
10) wymienia nazwy produktów destylacji ropy naftowej, wskazuje ich zastosowania.
Ogólny cel kształcenia
Uczeń omawia naturalne źródła węglowodorów.
Kompetencje kluczowe
porozumiewanie się w językach obcych;
kompetencje informatyczne;
umiejętność uczenia się.
Kryteria sukcesu Uczeń nauczy się:
czym charakteryzują się węglowodory jakie są naturalne źródła węglowodorów;
do czego stosuje się gaz ziemny i ropę naftową;
jakie produkty powstają z wykorzystaniem ropy natfowej;
jakie zagrożenia niesie ze sobą metan;
jakie są rodzaje węgli kopalnych;
gdzie w Polsce występują złoża węgli kopalnych.
Metody/techniki kształcenia aktywizujące
dyskusja.
podające
pogadanka.
eksponujące film.
programowane
z użyciem komputera;
z użyciem e‑podręcznika.
praktyczne
ćwiczeń przedmiotowych.
Formy pracy
praca indywidualna;
praca całego zespołu klasowego.
Środki dydaktyczne
e‑podręcznik;
zeszyt i kredki lub pisaki;
tablica interaktywna, tablety/komputery.
Przebieg lekcji Faza wstępna
1. Nauczyciel rozdaje uczniom metodniki lub kartki w trzech kolorach: zielonym, żółtym i czerwonym do zastosowania w pracy techniką świateł drogowych. Przedstawia cele lekcji sformułowane
w języku ucznia na prezentacji multimedialnej oraz omawia kryteria sukcesu (może przesłać uczniom cele lekcji i kryteria sukcesu pocztą elektroniczną lub zamieścić je np. na Facebooku, dzięki czemu uczniowie będą mogli prowadzić ich portfolio).
2. Prowadzący wspólnie z uczniami ustala – na podstawie wcześniej zaprezentowanych celów lekcji – co będzie jej tematem, po czym zapisuje go na tablicy interaktywnej/tablicy kredowej. Uczniowie przepisują temat do zeszytu.
Faza realizacyjna
1. Nauczyciel wprowadza uczniów w zagadnienie realizowane na lekcji i zapowiada film pt. „Badanie składu substancji organicznych”. Poleca uczniom, żeby w formularzu zamieszczonym w abstrakcie zapisali pytanie badawcze i hipotezę. Następnie wyświetla film, a uczniowie odnotowują swoje obserwacje i wnioski. Prowadzący lekcję wskazuje osobę, która dzieli się swoimi spostrzeżeniami i wyjaśnia zasadność zanotowanych przez siebie wniosków. Nauczyciel wspólnie z uczniami podsumowują doświadczenie.
2. Nauczyciel poleca uczniom stworzenie definicji pojęcia „związek organiczny’”, a następnie wymienia nieorganiczne związki węgla – jako najprostsze związki organiczne podaje natomiast węglowodory i definiuje je.
3. Uczniowie, pracując w parach, czytają fragment pt. „Naturalne zasoby węglowodorów”. Nauczyciel inicjuje dyskusję, analizując wykres „Światowe zasoby ropy naftowej i gazu ziemnego”.
4. Prowadzący zajęcia prezentuje zamieszczony w abstrakcie schemat destylacji frakcyjnej ropy naftowej. Pyta uczniów o jej produkty znanej im z codziennego życia i zachęca młodzież do dyskusji.
Następnie podsumowuje dyskusję i odwołuje się do dokonań Ignacego Łukasiewicza i Jana Zeha.
5. Uczniowie, pracując w parach, analizują ilustrację prezentującą rodzaje węgli kopalnych oraz mapę Polski przedstawiającą miejsca występowania złóż rodzajów węgli kopalnych. Wskazane pary omawiają swoje spostrzeżenia na forum klasy.
6. Uczniowie, pracując indywidualnie lub w parach, wykonują ćwiczenia interaktywne sprawdzające i utrwalające wiadomości poznane w czasie lekcji. Wybrane osoby omawiają prawidłowe rozwiązania ćwiczeń interaktywnych. Prowadzący uzupełnia lub prostuje wypowiedzi podopiecznych.
Faza podsumowująca
1. Uczniowie utrwalają zdobyte informacje, omawiając je ze swoimi najbliższymi sąsiadami (metoda
„powiedz sąsiadowi”).
2. Nauczyciel prosi chętnego ucznia o podsumowanie lekcji z jego punktu widzenia. Pyta pozostałych uczniów, czy chcieliby coś dodać do wypowiedzi kolegi na temat wiedzy i umiejętności
opanowanych na lekcji.
Praca domowa
1. Wykonaj polecenie nr 2.1.
W tej lekcji zostaną użyte m.in. następujące pojęcia oraz nagrania
Pojęcia
hydrocarbons
Nagranie dostępne na portalu epodreczniki.pl Nagranie dźwiękowe słówka
węglowodory – związki chemiczne, których cząsteczki są zbudowane z atomów węgla i wodoru organic compounds
Nagranie dostępne na portalu epodreczniki.pl Nagranie dźwiękowe słówka
związki organiczne – związki chemiczne węgla z innymi pierwiastkami, z wyjątkiem związków zaliczanych do nieorganicznych (m.in. tlenki węgla, kwas węglowy i jego sole)
Teksty i nagrania
Nagranie dostępne na portalu epodreczniki.pl Nagranie dźwiękowe abstraktu
Natural sources of hydrocarbons
In the 18th century, chemical compounds were divided into mineral compounds, i.e. those obtained from rocks and minerals (today called inorganic compounds), and organic compounds, i.e. produced
exclusively by living organisms. It was not until the nineteenth century (in 1828) that the German chemist Friedrich Wöhler obtained the organic substance – urea in the laboratory. Urea is one of the metabolic products of humans and animals. Although the division into inorganic and organic chemistry has a historical background, it is still in use today.
Organic compounds are all chemical compounds that include carbon and atoms of other elements, such as hydrogen, oxygen, nitrogen, phosphorus, silicon and sulphur.
Inorganic carbon compounds are, for example, carbon oxides, carbonic acid and its salts, and others (carbides and cyanides). The simplest organic compounds are hydrocarbons.
Hydrocarbons are chemical compounds made up of carbon and hydrogen atoms.
The most abundant natural sources of hydrocarbons are primarily petroleum, natural gas as well as coals. These raw materials originated from plant and animal organisms as a result of transformation (under the influence of appropriate temperature and high pressure) lasting many millions of years.
The largest documented reserves of natural gas and crude oil are in Russia (77% of gas and 23% of crude oil in resources) and Iran (60% of gas and 40% of crude oil in resources). Venezuela and Saudi Arabia have the world's largest petroleum deposits with relatively small gas resources.
1,000 m of gas = 6.6 barrel of crude oil
Crude oil is a liquid mixture of solid, liquid and gaseous hydrocarbons as well as oxygen, nitrogen and sulphur compounds. Its composition depends on the source of origin. Crude oil mined from the deposit is in the form of a dense liquid, usually with a dark brown colour and a sharp odour.
Processing of crude oil involves its distillation. It is a method that uses the difference in the boiling points of its ingredients. As a result of the distillation of the mazut under appropriate conditions, among others, oils, petroleum asphalt, tar, petrolatum, paraffin are obtained.
3
For almost half a century, Poland was a world power in the production of crude oil, then known as rock oil. In 1854, the Polish pharmacist and chemist Ignacy Łukasiewicz launched the first petroleum mine in the world in Bóbrka. People from America, Russia and the British Empire came to Podkarpacie to learn how to mine crude oil and how to distil it. In the best year of 1906 over 2 million tons of oil were mined from Polish deposits. Later their performance dropped, and richer deposits were discovered in the world.
Natural gas can occur together with crude oil or black coal deposits or alone. It is a mixture of gaseous and liquid hydrocarbons as well as carbon dioxide, nitrogen, hydrogen, hydrogen sulphide and noble gases (argon, helium). The content of individual components of natural gas is variable and depends on the place of mining, however its main component is methane, constituting over 90%.
Natural gas is cleaned before being sent to recipients. It is also given an odour (so‑called odorizing) so that it can be felt in the event of a leak, for example in gas stoves.
Coals belong to energy resources. Their varieties differ in colour (from light brown to intensely black), hardness and percentage content of the carbon element.
Black coal deposits in Poland are located in three basins: in Upper Silesia, in the Lublin region and in Lower Silesia.
In 2000, it was discontinued to mine coal in the coal‑mining area in Lower Silesia. In turn, over 90% of the coal mined in Poland comes from the coal‑mining area in Upper Silesia. In these areas, exploitation of deposits began already in the mid‑seventeenth century.
Organic compounds are charring at elevated temperatures.
Natural sources of hydrocarbons are natural gas, crude oil and coal.
The petroleum components, e.g. gasoline, kerosene, and diesel oil, are isolated using a distillation process.
Lesson plan (English)
Topic: Natural sources of hydrocarbons Target group
Elementary school student (grades 7. and 8.) Core curriculum
Elementary school. Chemistry.
VIII. Compounds of carbon with hydrogen - hydrocarbons. Pupil:
1) defines the terms: saturated hydrocarbons (alkanes) and unsaturated hydrocarbons (alkenes, alkynes);
9) lists natural sources of hydrocarbons;
10) lists the names of petroleum distillation products, indicates their uses.
General aim of education
The student discusses natural sources of hydrocarbons Key competences
communication in foreign languages;
digital competence;
learning to learn.
Criteria for success The student will learn:
what hydrocarbons are characterized by;
what are the natural sources of hydrocarbons;
what is used for natural gas and crude oil;
which products are created using natural oil;
what the risks of methane bring;
what are the types of fossil coals;
where in Poland there are deposits of fossil coals.
Methods/techniques activating
discussion.
expository talk.
exposing film.
programmed
with computer;
with e‑textbook.
practical
exercices concerned.
Forms of work
individual activity;
collective activity.
Teaching aids
e‑textbook;
notebook and crayons/felt‑tip pens;
interactive whiteboard, tablets/computers.
Lesson plan overview Introduction
1. The teacher hands out Methodology Guide or green, yellow and red sheets of paper to the students to be used during the work based on a traffic light technique. He presents the aims of the lesson in the student's language on a multimedia presentation and discusses the criteria of success (aims of the lesson and success criteria can be send to students via e‑mail or posted on Facebook, so that students will be able to manage their portfolio).
2. The teacher together with the students determines the topic – based on the previously presented lesson aims – and then writes it on the interactive whiteboard/blackboard. Students write the topic in the notebook.
Realization
1. The teacher introduces the students to the issue implemented during the lesson and announces a movie titled „Examination of the composition of organic substances”. He instructs his pupils to write a research question and a hypothesis in the form provided in the abstract. Then he plays the video and the students note their observations and conclusions. The teacher points the person who shares his insights and explains the reasonableness of the conclusions noted. The teacher together with the students sums up the experience.
2. The teacher instructs students to create a definition of the term „organic compound”, and then mentions inorganic carbon compounds - as the simplest organic compounds it gives hydrocarbons and defines them.
3. Students read the fragment titled „Natural hydrocarbon resources”. The teacher initiates the discussion by analyzing the „Global oil and gas resources” chart.
4. The teacher presents the fractional distillation scheme of crude oil, placed in the abstract. He asks students about products of the fractional distillation known to them from everyday life and encourages young people to discuss. Then he summarizes the discussion and refers to the achievements of Ignacy Łukasiewicz and Jan Zeh.
5. Students, working in pairs, analyze the illustration presenting the types of fossil coals and the map of Poland showing the locations of deposits of fossil fuels. The pointed out couples discuss their studies within the class.
6. Students, working individually or in pairs, carry out interactive exercises to check and consolidate knowledge learned during the lesson. Selected people discuss the correct solutions for interactive exercises. The teacher completes or straightens the statements of the proteges.
Summary
1. The students consolidate the acquired information, discussing it with their nearest neighbors („tell your neighbor” method.
2. The teacher asks a willing student to summarize the lesson from his point of view. He asks other students if they would like to add anything to their colleague's statements.
Homework
1. Carry out task number nr 2.1.
The following terms and recordings will be used during this lesson
Terms
hydrocarbons
Nagranie dostępne na portalu epodreczniki.pl Nagranie dźwiękowe słówka
węglowodory – związki chemiczne, których cząsteczki są zbudowane z atomów węgla i wodoru organic compounds
Nagranie dostępne na portalu epodreczniki.pl Nagranie dźwiękowe słówka
związki organiczne – związki chemiczne węgla z innymi pierwiastkami, z wyjątkiem związków zaliczanych do nieorganicznych (m.in. tlenki węgla, kwas węglowy i jego sole)
Texts and recordings
Nagranie dostępne na portalu epodreczniki.pl Nagranie dźwiękowe abstraktu
Natural sources of hydrocarbons
In the 18th century, chemical compounds were divided into mineral compounds, i.e. those obtained from rocks and minerals (today called inorganic compounds), and organic compounds, i.e. produced
exclusively by living organisms. It was not until the nineteenth century (in 1828) that the German chemist Friedrich Wöhler obtained the organic substance – urea in the laboratory. Urea is one of the metabolic products of humans and animals. Although the division into inorganic and organic chemistry has a historical background, it is still in use today.
Organic compounds are all chemical compounds that include carbon and atoms of other elements, such as hydrogen, oxygen, nitrogen, phosphorus, silicon and sulphur.
Inorganic carbon compounds are, for example, carbon oxides, carbonic acid and its salts, and others (carbides and cyanides). The simplest organic compounds are hydrocarbons.
Hydrocarbons are chemical compounds made up of carbon and hydrogen atoms.
The most abundant natural sources of hydrocarbons are primarily petroleum, natural gas as well as coals. These raw materials originated from plant and animal organisms as a result of transformation (under the influence of appropriate temperature and high pressure) lasting many millions of years.
The largest documented reserves of natural gas and crude oil are in Russia (77% of gas and 23% of crude oil in resources) and Iran (60% of gas and 40% of crude oil in resources). Venezuela and Saudi Arabia have the world's largest petroleum deposits with relatively small gas resources.
1,000 m of gas = 6.6 barrel of crude oil
Crude oil is a liquid mixture of solid, liquid and gaseous hydrocarbons as well as oxygen, nitrogen and sulphur compounds. Its composition depends on the source of origin. Crude oil mined from the deposit is in the form of a dense liquid, usually with a dark brown colour and a sharp odour.
Processing of crude oil involves its distillation. It is a method that uses the difference in the boiling points of its ingredients. As a result of the distillation of the mazut under appropriate conditions, among others, oils, petroleum asphalt, tar, petrolatum, paraffin are obtained.
3
For almost half a century, Poland was a world power in the production of crude oil, then known as rock oil. In 1854, the Polish pharmacist and chemist Ignacy Łukasiewicz launched the first petroleum mine in the world in Bóbrka. People from America, Russia and the British Empire came to Podkarpacie to learn how to mine crude oil and how to distil it. In the best year of 1906 over 2 million tons of oil were mined from Polish deposits. Later their performance dropped, and richer deposits were discovered in the world.
Natural gas can occur together with crude oil or black coal deposits or alone. It is a mixture of gaseous and liquid hydrocarbons as well as carbon dioxide, nitrogen, hydrogen, hydrogen sulphide and noble gases (argon, helium). The content of individual components of natural gas is variable and depends on the place of mining, however its main component is methane, constituting over 90%.
Natural gas is cleaned before being sent to recipients. It is also given an odour (so‑called odorizing) so that it can be felt in the event of a leak, for example in gas stoves.
Coals belong to energy resources. Their varieties differ in colour (from light brown to intensely black), hardness and percentage content of the carbon element.
Black coal deposits in Poland are located in three basins: in Upper Silesia, in the Lublin region and in Lower Silesia.
In 2000, it was discontinued to mine coal in the coal‑mining area in Lower Silesia. In turn, over 90% of the coal mined in Poland comes from the coal‑mining area in Upper Silesia. In these areas, exploitation of deposits began already in the mid‑seventeenth century.
Organic compounds are charring at elevated temperatures.
Natural sources of hydrocarbons are natural gas, crude oil and coal.
The petroleum components, e.g. gasoline, kerosene, and diesel oil, are isolated using a distillation process.
