Ecosystem and ecology. Ecosystem and ecology Lesson plan (Polish) Lesson plan (English)

Ecosystem and ecology

Ecosystem and ecology Lesson plan (Polish) Lesson plan (English)

Link to the lesson

Before you start you should know

the environment has impact on organisms;

organisms are adapted to living in a specific environment;

living conditions in water and on land are different;

species in one environment live in antagonistic or non‑antagonistic relations.

You will learn

to indicate living and non‑living ecosystem elements;

to indicate relationships between living and non‑living ecosystem elements;

to indicate exemplary impacts of organisms on non‑living ecosystem elements.

Nagranie dostępne na portalu epodreczniki.pl Nagranie dźwiękowe abstraktu

Ecosystem and ecology

Everything that surrounds us, except for man‑made products, is colloquially referred to as nature.

Elements of the non‑living environment and all of its species are referred to as an ecosystem. All ecosystem elements are interdependent and affect each other.

Ecosystem elements

Source: Dariusz Adryan, tpsdave, weggelaar, h p://pixabay.com, licencja: CC BY 3.0.

Ecosystems can be divided into land (field, forest or meadow ecosystems) and aquatic (sea, lake or river ecosystems). Other division criteria apply to natural (such as forest or lake) ecosystems and artificial (e.g.

field or pond) ecosystems.

Ecosystem and ecology

Aquarium is an ar ficial ecosystem

Source: Robert Howie, www.flickr.com, licencja: CC BY-SA 2.5.

Lake is a natural aqua c ecosystem

Source: tomasz przechlewski, www.flickr.com, licencja: CC BY 2.0.

Ecosystem of an evergreen equatorial forest and the Amazon River Source: CIAT, www.flickr.com, licencja: CC BY-SA 2.0.

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The science of ecosystems and dependencies between their elements is ecology. Ecologists are interested in both individual species (populations) and groups of populations of various species

inhabiting a specific area and with food dependencies. Ecology allows us to know rules of functioning of nature on a more complex level than the level of functioning of individual organisms.

Task 1

Determine whether the activities below are tasks of ecologists:

1. searching in a tropical forest for natural enemies of a specific ant species, 2. comparing the number of species inhabiting two peat bogs,

3. describing the structure of a newly discovered beetle species, 4. undertaking actions to protect nature.

Interdependencies between non‑living and living elements of nature

The number and type of organisms inhabiting a given area depends, among others, on from the climate, that is why specific types of ecosystems exist in specific climate zones. One abiotic factor, which is of great importance especially to plants, is insolation which is mainly affected by cloudiness and the altitude of the Sun above the horizon. In turn, large precipitation facilitates the existence of ecosystems rich in species, while small precipitation is typical of the opposite ecosystems. The type of substrate is also important for organisms of a given ecosystem. Where rocks are permeable, the groundwater table is deep under the surface and plants need long roots to reach it. The substrate sometimes contains not enough mineral salts and sometimes its salt content is too high for most plant species to live.

In water ecosystems, for example, water temperature and waiving, and oxygen content, which depends on them, are of key importance. Oxygen‑rich streams and cold sea waters are inhabited by other species than warm and standing waters. Water salinity determines the diversity of environments of land

(freshwater) and marine reservoirs, and thus their species composition.

Agricultural field is an example of an ar ficially shaped terrestrial ecosystem with a rela vely small number of species Source: Archangel12, www.flickr.com, licencja: CC BY 2.0.

Factors affec ng the popula on Source: Andrzej Bogusz, licencja: CC BY 3.0.

Organisms also affect the environment. The first plants played a huge role in shaping the nature of Earth. They released oxygen, i.e. a by‑product of photosynthesis which had previously been absent in the air, into the atmosphere. The change in the composition of the atmosphere enabled the emergence and growth of aerobic organisms. Another example of the significant impact of organisms on the

environment is the deposition of shells of aquatic microorganisms on the bottom of reservoirs, lasting millions of years. These sediments formed limestone deposits. In turn, remains of large ferns formed coal, while remains of plants and animals - oil deposits.

Plants and lichens are responsible for the biological erosion of rocks and increasing the thickness of the soil layer. Forests and peat bogs, which are capable of collecting water, mitigate temperature fluctuations and increase air humidity. Plants overgrow lakes and make them shallower, strengthen dunes and rock landslides. Microorganisms decomposing organic remains release chemical compounds and elements into the environment.

Task 2

Observe life in an aquarium. List elements of this ecosystem, divide them into living and non‑living elements. Indicate interdependencies between them.

Task 3

Before watching the film „Exemplary ecosystem”, write down your research question and hypothesis.

Watch the film and write down your observations and, finally, conclusions.

Film analysis:

Research ques on

Hypothesis

Observa ons

Conclusions

Film dostępny na portalu epodreczniki.pl Exemplary ecosystem

Source: licencja: CC BY-SA 3.0.

Film przedstawia przykładowy ekosystem, exemplary ecosystem. W lesie, na polanie pasą się sarny.

Pojawia się tekst: An ecosystem is a conventionally isolated fragment of nature consisting of elements of animate and inanimate interrelated relations that maintain in a dynamic equilibrium.

Exercise 1

Group appropriately

oxygen content in water, insolation, mineral salt content in the soil, presence of parasites, presence of pathogens, water temperature, substrate permeability, climate, salinity of water, species composition of fauna, ease of getting food, species composition of flora

bio c factors

abio c factors

Summary

Every ecosystem is an abiotic environment together with all its populations of different species, and processes and dependencies between them, and between them and the non‑living environment.

The environment of every ecosystem affects individuals of specific species which change the environment.

Keywords

ecology, ecosystem, abiotic environment

Glossary

ecology

Nagranie dostępne na portalu epodreczniki.pl Nagranie dźwiękowe słówka

ekologia – dział biologii zajmujący się funkcjonowaniem ekosystemów; bada środowiska i zamieszkujące je zespoły organizmów

ecosystem

Nagranie dostępne na portalu epodreczniki.pl

Nagranie dźwiękowe słówka

ekosystem – umownie wydzielony fragment przyrody składający się z elementów ożywionych i nieożywionych powiązanych ze sobą zależnościami, utrzymujący się w dynamicznej równowadze

Lesson plan (Polish)

Temat: Ekosystem i ekologia Adresat

Uczniowie klasy VIII szkoły podstawowej Podstawa programowa

Cele kształcenia – wymagania ogólne

I. Znajomość różnorodności biologicznej oraz podstawowych zjawisk i procesów biologicznych. Uczeń:

2. wyjaśnia zjawiska i procesy biologiczne zachodzące w wybranych organizmach i w środowisku;

Treści nauczania – wymagania szczegółowe VII. Ekologia i ochrona środowiska. Uczeń:

1. wskazuje żywe i nieożywione elementy ekosystemu oraz wykazuje, że są one powiązane różnorodnymi zależnościami;

Ogólny cel kształcenia

Dowiesz się jakie zależności wiążą elementy ekosystemu Kompetencje kluczowe

porozumiewanie się w językach obcych;

kompetencje informatyczne;

umiejętność uczenia się.

Kryteria sukcesu Uczeń nauczy się:

wskażesz żywe i nieożywione elementy ekosystemu;

wskażesz zależności między ożywionymi i nieożywionymi elementami ekosystemu;

podasz przykłady wpływu organizmów na nieożywioną część ekosystemu.

Metody/techniki kształcenia podające

pogadanka.

aktywizujące dyskusja.

eksponujące pokaz.

programowane

z użyciem komputera;

z użyciem e‑podręcznika.

praktyczne

ćwiczeń przedmiotowych.

Formy pracy

praca indywidualna;

praca w parach;

praca w grupach;

praca całego zespołu klasowego.

Środki dydaktyczne e‑podręcznik;

zeszyt i kredki lub pisaki;

tablica interaktywna, tablety/komputery;

akwarium.

Przebieg lekcji Przed lekcją

Uczniowie zapoznają się z treścią abstraktu. Przygotowują się do pracy na lekcji w taki sposób, żeby móc przeczytany materiał streścić własnymi słowami i samodzielnie rozwiązać zadania.

Faza wstępna

Prowadzący lekcję określa cel zajęć i wspólnie z uczniami ustala kryteria sukcesu.

Następnie zapisuje na tablicy lub tablicy interaktywnej temat lekcji. Uczniowie notują go w zeszytach..

Faza realizacyjna

Nauczyciel prosi uczniów, aby samodzielnie przeczytali abstrakt, zwracając szczególną uwagę na grafiki.

Pracując w parach lub niewielkich grupach uczniowie wyszukują w lekcji „Ekosystem i ekologia”

definicję ekologii, a następnie w oparciu o tę definicję wykonują polecenie 1. Nauczyciel wyznacza osobę, która przedstawi prawidłowe rozwiązanie polecenia. Pozostali uczniowie mogą się

ustosunkować do odpowiedzi, sprostowując ją jeśli wiedzą, że jest błędna lub prosząc o wyjaśnienie, jeśli mają wątpliwości.

Korzystając z zasobów z lekcji „Wzajemne zależności pomiędzy środowiskiem nieożywionym i żywą częścią przyrody” nauczyciel omawia czynniki abiotyczne oraz czynniki biotyczne wpływające na dany ekosystem i zamieszkujące go populacje.

Uczniowie obserwują akwarium znajdujące się w pracowni przedmiotowej lub przypominają sobie obserwacje dokonane np. w domu lub w sklepie zoologicznym. Pracując w grupach wypisują żywe oraz nieożywione elementy ekosystemu akwarium. Następnie ustalają wzajemne zależności pomiędzy tymi elementami.

Faza podsumowująca

Nauczyciel prosi, aby uczniowie samodzielnie wykonali wskazane ćwiczenie interaktywne.

Na zakończenie zajęć nauczyciel zadaje uczniom pytania:

Co na zajęciach wydało wam się ważne i ciekawe?

Co było łatwe, a co trudne?

Jak możecie wykorzystać wiadomości i umiejętności, które dziś zdobyliście?

Chętni lub wybrani uczniowie podsumowują zajęcia Praca domowa

Odsłuchaj w domu nagrania abstraktu. Zwróć uwagę na wymowę, akcent i intonację. Naucz się prawidłowo wymawiać poznane na lekcji słówka.

W tej lekcji zostaną użyte m.in. następujące pojęcia oraz nagrania

Pojęcia

ecology

ecology

Nagranie dostępne na portalu epodreczniki.pl Nagranie dźwiękowe słówka

ekologia – dział biologii zajmujący się funkcjonowaniem ekosystemów; bada środowiska i zamieszkujące je zespoły organizmów

ecosystem

Nagranie dostępne na portalu epodreczniki.pl Nagranie dźwiękowe słówka

ekosystem – umownie wydzielony fragment przyrody składający się z elementów ożywionych i nieożywionych powiązanych ze sobą zależnościami, utrzymujący się w dynamicznej równowadze

Teksty i nagrania

Nagranie dostępne na portalu epodreczniki.pl Nagranie dźwiękowe abstraktu

Ecosystem and ecology

Everything that surrounds us, except for man‑made products, is colloquially referred to as nature.

Elements of the non‑living environment and all of its species are referred to as an ecosystem. All ecosystem elements are interdependent and affect each other.

Ecosystems can be divided into land (field, forest or meadow ecosystems) and aquatic (sea, lake or river ecosystems). Other division criteria apply to natural (such as forest or lake) ecosystems and artificial (e.g.

field or pond) ecosystems.

The science of ecosystems and dependencies between their elements is ecology. Ecologists are interested in both individual species (populations) and groups of populations of various species

inhabiting a specific area and with food dependencies. Ecology allows us to know rules of functioning of nature on a more complex level than the level of functioning of individual organisms.

The number and type of organisms inhabiting a given area depends, among others, on from the climate, that is why specific types of ecosystems exist in specific climate zones. One abiotic factor, which is of great importance especially to plants, is insolation which is mainly affected by cloudiness and the altitude of the Sun above the horizon. In turn, large precipitation facilitates the existence of ecosystems rich in species, while small precipitation is typical of the opposite ecosystems. The type of substrate is also important for organisms of a given ecosystem. Where rocks are permeable, the groundwater table is deep under the surface and plants need long roots to reach it. The substrate sometimes contains not enough mineral salts and sometimes its salt content is too high for most plant species to live.

In water ecosystems, for example, water temperature and waiving, and oxygen content, which depends on them, are of key importance. Oxygen‑rich streams and cold sea waters are inhabited by other species than warm and standing waters. Water salinity determines the diversity of environments of land

(freshwater) and marine reservoirs, and thus their species composition.

Organisms also affect the environment. The first plants played a huge role in shaping the nature of Earth. They released oxygen, i.e. a by‑product of photosynthesis which had previously been absent in the

air, into the atmosphere. The change in the composition of the atmosphere enabled the emergence and growth of aerobic organisms. Another example of the significant impact of organisms on the

environment is the deposition of shells of aquatic microorganisms on the bottom of reservoirs, lasting millions of years. These sediments formed limestone deposits. In turn, remains of large ferns formed coal, while remains of plants and animals - oil deposits.

Plants and lichens are responsible for the biological erosion of rocks and increasing the thickness of the soil layer. Forests and peat bogs, which are capable of collecting water, mitigate temperature fluctuations and increase air humidity. Plants overgrow lakes and make them shallower, strengthen dunes and rock landslides. Microorganisms decomposing organic remains release chemical compounds and elements into the environment.

Every ecosystem is an abiotic environment together with all its populations of different species, and processes and dependencies between them, and between them and the non‑living environment.

The environment of every ecosystem affects individuals of specific species which change the environment.

Lesson plan (English)

Topic: Ecosystem and ecology Target group

8th‑grade students of elementary school Core curriculum

Cele kształcenia – wymagania ogólne

I. Znajomość różnorodności biologicznej oraz podstawowych zjawisk i procesów biologicznych. Uczeń:

2. wyjaśnia zjawiska i procesy biologiczne zachodzące w wybranych organizmach i w środowisku;

Treści nauczania – wymagania szczegółowe VII. Ekologia i ochrona środowiska. Uczeń:

1. wskazuje żywe i nieożywione elementy ekosystemu oraz wykazuje, że są one powiązane różnorodnymi zależnościami;

General aim of education

You will learn what dependencies bind the elements of the ecosystem Key competences

communication in foreign languages;

digital competence;

learning to learn.

Criteria for success The student will learn:

You will point out the living and non‑living elements of the ecosystem;

identify the relationships between animate and non‑living elements of the ecosystem;

provide examples of the effects of organisms on the inanimate part of the ecosystem.

Methods/techniques expository

talk.

activating

discussion.

exposing

exposition.

programmed

with computer;

with e‑textbook.

practical

exercices concerned.

Forms of work

individual activity;

activity in pairs;

activity in groups;

collective activity.

Teaching aids e‑textbook;

notebook and crayons/felt‑tip pens;

interactive whiteboard, tablets/computers;

aquarium.

Lesson plan overview Before classes

Students get acquainted with the content of the abstract. They prepare to work on the lesson in such a way to be able to summarize the material read in their own words and solve the tasks themselves.

Introduction

The teacher explains the aim of the lesson and together with students determines the success criteria to be achieved.

Then he writes the subject of the lesson on the blackboard or interactive whiteboard. Students write it in notebooks..

Realization

The teacher asks students to read the abstract themselves, paying particular attention to the illustrations.

Working in pairs or small groups, students search for ecology definition in the lesson „Ecology and ecology” , and then, on the basis of this definition, they execute the task 1. The teacher designates a person who will present the correct solution to the command. The other students can respond to the question, correcting it if they know it is wrong or asking for clarification if they have doubts.

Using the resources from the lesson „Interdependencies between non‑living and living elements of nature”, the teacher discusses abiotic factors and biotic factors affecting a given ecosystem and populations inhabiting it.

Students observe the aquarium located in the workshop or they recall observations made eg at home or in a pet shop. Working in groups, they write out living and non‑living elements of the aquarium ecosystem. Then they determine the interrelationships between these elements.

Summary

The teacher asks students to carry out the recommended interactive exercise themselves.

At the end of the class, the teacher asks the students questions:

What did you find important and interesting in class?

What was easy and what was difficult?

How can you use the knowledge and skills you have gained today?

Willing/selected students summarize the lesson.

Homework

Listen to the abstract recording at home. Pay attention to pronunciation, accent and intonation.

Learn to pronounce the words learned during the lesson.

The following terms and recordings will be used during this lesson

Terms

ecology

ecology

Nagranie dostępne na portalu epodreczniki.pl Nagranie dźwiękowe słówka

ekologia – dział biologii zajmujący się funkcjonowaniem ekosystemów; bada środowiska i zamieszkujące je zespoły organizmów

ecosystem

Nagranie dostępne na portalu epodreczniki.pl Nagranie dźwiękowe słówka

ekosystem – umownie wydzielony fragment przyrody składający się z elementów ożywionych i nieożywionych powiązanych ze sobą zależnościami, utrzymujący się w dynamicznej równowadze

Texts and recordings

Nagranie dostępne na portalu epodreczniki.pl Nagranie dźwiękowe abstraktu

Ecosystem and ecology

Everything that surrounds us, except for man‑made products, is colloquially referred to as nature.

Elements of the non‑living environment and all of its species are referred to as an ecosystem. All ecosystem elements are interdependent and affect each other.

Ecosystems can be divided into land (field, forest or meadow ecosystems) and aquatic (sea, lake or river ecosystems). Other division criteria apply to natural (such as forest or lake) ecosystems and artificial (e.g.

field or pond) ecosystems.

The science of ecosystems and dependencies between their elements is ecology. Ecologists are interested in both individual species (populations) and groups of populations of various species

inhabiting a specific area and with food dependencies. Ecology allows us to know rules of functioning of nature on a more complex level than the level of functioning of individual organisms.

The number and type of organisms inhabiting a given area depends, among others, on from the climate, that is why specific types of ecosystems exist in specific climate zones. One abiotic factor, which is of great importance especially to plants, is insolation which is mainly affected by cloudiness and the altitude of the Sun above the horizon. In turn, large precipitation facilitates the existence of ecosystems rich in species, while small precipitation is typical of the opposite ecosystems. The type of substrate is also important for organisms of a given ecosystem. Where rocks are permeable, the groundwater table is deep under the surface and plants need long roots to reach it. The substrate sometimes contains not enough mineral salts and sometimes its salt content is too high for most plant species to live.

In water ecosystems, for example, water temperature and waiving, and oxygen content, which depends on them, are of key importance. Oxygen‑rich streams and cold sea waters are inhabited by other species than warm and standing waters. Water salinity determines the diversity of environments of land

(freshwater) and marine reservoirs, and thus their species composition.

Organisms also affect the environment. The first plants played a huge role in shaping the nature of Earth. They released oxygen, i.e. a by‑product of photosynthesis which had previously been absent in the

air, into the atmosphere. The change in the composition of the atmosphere enabled the emergence and growth of aerobic organisms. Another example of the significant impact of organisms on the

environment is the deposition of shells of aquatic microorganisms on the bottom of reservoirs, lasting millions of years. These sediments formed limestone deposits. In turn, remains of large ferns formed coal, while remains of plants and animals - oil deposits.

Plants and lichens are responsible for the biological erosion of rocks and increasing the thickness of the soil layer. Forests and peat bogs, which are capable of collecting water, mitigate temperature fluctuations and increase air humidity. Plants overgrow lakes and make them shallower, strengthen dunes and rock landslides. Microorganisms decomposing organic remains release chemical compounds and elements into the environment.

Every ecosystem is an abiotic environment together with all its populations of different species, and processes and dependencies between them, and between them and the non‑living environment.

The environment of every ecosystem affects individuals of specific species which change the environment.