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Arc c and Antarc c – the natural environment of polar regions

Arc c and Antarc c – the natural environment of polar regions Lesson plan (Polish)

Lesson plan (English)

(2)

Link to the lesson

Before you start you should know

that areas beyond the polar circles are known as frigid zones;

the meaning of the terms: glacier, ice sheet, iceberg;

what the relation between the altitude of the Sun and the amount of solar energy reaching the surface of the Earth is.

You will learn

to describe the geographic location and boundaries of the Arctic and the Antarctic;

about the relation between the geographic location of the polar regions and the features of their natural environment;

which organisms live in the Arctic and which live in the Antarctic;

about some of the changes that are taking place in the natural environment of the polar regions.

why it is necessary to protect the natural environment of the Arctic and the Antarctic.

Nagranie dostępne na portalu epodreczniki.pl Nagranie dźwiękowe abstraktu

Exercise 1

The Arctic and the Antarctic are the coldest places on Earth. The warmest month in the Arctic is July, when the average temperature in coastal areas is slightly above 0°C. In the interior of Greenland, however, it is always below 0°C and even in July temperature can drop to –20°C. In January, during the polar night, temperature in coastal areas drops to –30°C and in the central part of the Greenlandic ice sheet it can even reach –50°C.

The Arc c

Source: Wydawnictwo Edukacyjne Wiking, licencja: CC BY 3.0.

Arc c and Antarc c – the natural environment of polar regions

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Antarc ca

Source: Wydawnictwo Edukacyjne Wiking, licencja: CC BY 3.0.

The Antarctic is an even colder region. In January, which is the warmest month here, average air temperature in Antarctica does not get higher than 0°C. The coldest month is July, the middle of the polar night, when average monthly temperature drops to –40°C, –50°C. The lowest air temperature, not only in Antarctica, but on the planet in general, was recorded at Vostok Station (78°28’S, 106°48’E) on 21 July 1983: –89,2°C. Vostok Station is considered the Earth’s Pole of Cold.

What makes Antarctica different from other continents is the fact that its surface is covered by the largest continental ice sheet in the world, with average thickness of 2300 m and maximum

thickness of up to 4776 m. Only 4% of the surface of Antarctica is free of ice. The Antarctic ice sheet is moving from the middle of the ice cap towards the coast at an average speed of 200 metres per year.

Coastal waters are where ice shelves are formed. Ice shelves are fringed with ice barriers. Wave

movement causes large parts of the shelves to break off and form enormous icebergs that can be up to several dozen kilometres wide. Only some parts of the coastline and mountain peaks are rocky and free of ice.

Natural conditions influence the flora and fauna of the polar regions. The few areas in the Arctic which are not covered by ice are covered by tundra. The most common plants found there include grasses, sedges, prostrate shrubs, lichens and mosses that can grow in permafrost. These areas are inhabited by large land mammals, such as the musk ox, the caribou or the polar bear, the great swimmer and hunter of the ocean. Arctic waters are inhabited by various species of seals and large numbers of birds that in summer nest on the ground, but feed in coastal waters. In Antarctica, there is no vegetation apart from a few species of lichen, moss and algae.

Annual average monthly temperature and precipita on for Arc c Bay (11 m a.s.l.)

Source: Dariusz Adryan, licencja: CC BY 3.0.

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Local fauna, however, is quite diverse. The largest group of animals are birds inhabiting the coastal areas, such as penguins (over a dozen species), skuas, petrels and cormorants. Coastal waters of Antarctica are home to many species of animals that feed on plankton, mainly krill. These are the great marine mammals: whales (also found in Arctic waters), four species of Antarctic seals, sea lions, elephant seals and fur seals. Seals are semiaquatic animals perfectly adapted to the conditions of their natural environment.

Task 1

Think about what causes the changes in the natural environments of Antarctic and the Arctic. Find more information on the subject in available sources and create a metaplan.

Task 2

Use what you have learnt to complete the exercises below.

Exercise 2 Exercise 3

Put the names of geographic locations on the outline map of Antarctica.

Indian Ocean, Atlantic Ocean, Ross Sea, Pacific Ocean, Antarctic Peninsula, Weddell Sea, Amundsen Sea, Transantarctic Mountains

Exercise 4

Write the name of the phenomenon shown in the photo, characteristic for the polar regions.

...

...

...

...

... ...

...

...

Annual average monthly temperature and precipita on for Byrd Sta on (1,515 m a.s.l.)

Source: Krzysztof Jaworski, licencja: CC BY 3.0.

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Exercise 5

Keywords

The Arctic, The Antarctic, Greenland

Glossary

ice shelf

Nagranie dostępne na portalu epodreczniki.pl Nagranie dźwiękowe słówka

lodowiec szelfowy - stosunkowo cienka pokrywa lodowa na wodach szelfu antarktycznego, od której odłamują się góry lodowe

dri ice

Nagranie dostępne na portalu epodreczniki.pl Nagranie dźwiękowe słówka

lód dryfujący - stała pokrywa lodowa na wodach morskich w strefach podbiegunowych; na Oceanie Arktycznym występuje tzw. wielki pak polarny mający grubość ok. 6 m zimą i 3,5 m latem

nunatak

Nagranie dostępne na portalu epodreczniki.pl Nagranie dźwiękowe słówka

nunatak - skalisty szczyt wznoszący się powyżej powierzchni lądolodu

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Lesson plan (Polish)

Temat: Arktyka i Antarktyka – środowisko przyrodnicze obszarów podbiegunowych Adresat

Uczeń klasy VIII szkoły podstawowej Podstawa programowa

XVIII. Geografia obszarów okołobiegunowych: środowisko przyrodnicze; badania naukowe; polscy badacze.

Uczeń:

1) charakteryzuje położenie i środowisko przyrodnicze Antarktydy oraz wyjaśnia konieczność zachowania jej statusu określonego Traktatem Antarktycznym;

2) przedstawia cele badań aktualnie prowadzonych w Arktyce i Antarktyce oraz prezentuje osiągnięcia polskich badaczy obszarów okołobiegunowych;

3) opisuje warunki życia w polarnej stacji badawczej.

Ogólny cel kształcenia

Uczeń poznaje środowisko przyrodnicze Arktyki i Antarktyki.

Kompetencje kluczowe

porozumiewanie się w językach obcych;

kompetencje informatyczne;

umiejętność uczenia się.

Kryteria sukcesu Uczeń nauczy się:

określać położenie geograficzne i granice Arktyki oraz Antarktyki;

wskazywać związek między położeniem geograficznych obszarów okołobiegunowych a cechami środowiska geograficznego;

rozróżniać organizmy żyjące w Arktyce i Antarktyce;

podawać przykłady zmian zachodzących w środowisku przyrodniczym obszarów okołobiegunowych;

wskazywać konieczność ochrony środowiska przyrodniczego Arktyki i Antarktyki.

Metody/techniki kształcenia podające

pogadanka.

aktywizujące dyskusja.

eksponujące pokaz.

programowane

z użyciem komputera;

z użyciem e‑podręcznika.

praktyczne

ćwiczeń przedmiotowych.

Formy pracy

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praca indywidualna;

praca w parach;

praca w grupach;

praca całego zespołu klasowego.

Środki dydaktyczne e‑podręcznik;

tablica interaktywna, tablety/komputery;

mapa fizyczna Arktyki i Antarktyki;

atlasy geograficzne;

rzutnik multimedialny.

Przebieg lekcji Przed lekcją

Uczniowie zapoznają się z treścią abstraktu. Przygotowują się do pracy na lekcji w taki sposób, żeby móc przeczytany materiał streścić własnymi słowami i samodzielnie rozwiązać zadania.

Faza wstępna

Nauczyciel rozpoczyna zajęcia od uruchomienia na tablicy interaktywnej ćwiczenia Puzzle. Po ułożeniu ich uczniowie dowiadują się co będzie tematem lekcji.

Nauczyciel podaje cele lekcji.

Nauczyciel uruchamia program Google Earth, prosi chętnego ucznia o zdjęcia satelitarne Antarktyki i Arktyki. Uczniowie wskazują zauważalne różnice.

Faza realizacyjna

Uczniowie wyszukują w atlasach Arktykę i Antarktykę, wskazują obiekty geograficzne, które zaliczane są do nich. Określają położenie geograficzne.

Nauczyciel korzystając z zasobów internetowych odczytuje dziennik Scotta i Amundsena pierwszych zdobywców Bieguna Południowego, by zobrazować uczniom trud i zmagania ludzi w warunkach ekstremalnych. Wskazuje zdjęcia z tych wypraw.

Dzieli uczniów na 4 grupy. Przydziela dwa obszary tematyczne tzn. dwie grupy będą opracowywały ten sam temat. Każda grupa opracowuje informacje wykorzystując Poster. Uczniowie do pracy wykorzystują zasoby Internetu, e‑podręcznik oraz atlas geograficzny. Grupa A i B – Arktyka: klimat, świat roślinny i zwierzęcy , sytuacja prawna, zasoby mineralne, ich eksploatacja oraz ochrona. Grupa C i D- Antarktyda klimat, świat roślinny i zwierzęcy , sytuacja prawna, zasoby mineralne, ich

eksploatacja oraz ochrona. Każda grupa omawia na forum opracowane informacje, posiłkuje się Internetem dla zobrazowania treści..

Uczniowie wypełniają na tablicy interaktywnej krzyżówkę z e‑podręcznika‑Badania obszarów podbiegunowych.

Za pomocą Metaplanu wyrysowanego na tablicy uczniowie rozważają problem: Dlaczego następują zmiany w środowisku przyrodniczym obszarów okołobiegunowych? W myśl tej metody uczniowie odpowiadają na pytania: Jak jest? Jak powinno być? Dlaczego nie jest tak jak być powinno? Wnioski.

Dyskusja.

Faza podsumowująca

Na podsumowanie lekcji uczniowie wykonują ćwiczenia na tablicy interaktywnej w odniesieniu do tematu lekcji.

Nauczyciel ocenia pracę uczniów, biorąc pod uwagę wkład i ich możliwości.

W tej lekcji zostaną użyte m.in. następujące pojęcia oraz nagrania

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Pojęcia

ice shelf

Nagranie dostępne na portalu epodreczniki.pl Nagranie dźwiękowe słówka

lodowiec szelfowy - stosunkowo cienka pokrywa lodowa na wodach szelfu antarktycznego, od której odłamują się góry lodowe

dri ice

Nagranie dostępne na portalu epodreczniki.pl Nagranie dźwiękowe słówka

lód dryfujący - stała pokrywa lodowa na wodach morskich w strefach podbiegunowych; na Oceanie Arktycznym występuje tzw. wielki pak polarny mający grubość ok. 6 m zimą i 3,5 m latem

nunatak

Nagranie dostępne na portalu epodreczniki.pl Nagranie dźwiękowe słówka

nunatak - skalisty szczyt wznoszący się powyżej powierzchni lądolodu

Teksty i nagrania

Nagranie dostępne na portalu epodreczniki.pl Nagranie dźwiękowe abstraktu

Arctic and Antarctic – the natural environment of polar regions

The Arctic and the Antarctic are the coldest places on Earth. The warmest month in the Arctic is July, when the average temperature in coastal areas is slightly above 0°C. In the interior of Greenland, however, it is always below 0°C and even in July temperature can drop to –20°C. In January, during the polar night, temperature in coastal areas drops to –30°C and in the central part of the Greenlandic ice sheet it can even reach –50°C.

The Antarctic is an even colder region. In January, which is the warmest month here, average air temperature in Antarctica does not get higher than 0°C. The coldest month is July, the middle of the polar night, when average monthly temperature drops to –40°C, –50°C. The lowest air temperature, not only in Antarctica, but on the planet in general, was recorded at Vostok Station (78°28’S, 106°48’E) on 21 July 1983: –89,2°C. Vostok Station is considered the Earth’s Pole of Cold.

What makes Antarctica different from other continents is the fact that its surface is covered by the largest continental ice sheet in the world, with average thickness of 2300 m and maximum thickness of up to 4776 m. Only 4% of the surface of Antarctica is free of ice. The Antarctic ice sheet is moving from the middle of the ice cap towards the coast at an average speed of 200 metres per year. Coastal waters are where ice shelves are formed. Ice shelves are fringed with ice barriers. Wave movement causes large parts of the shelves to break off and form enormous icebergs that can be up to several dozen kilometres

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wide. Only some parts of the coastline and mountain peaks are rocky and free of ice.

Natural conditions influence the flora and fauna of the polar regions. The few areas in the Arctic which are not covered by ice are covered by tundra. The most common plants found there include grasses, sedges, prostrate shrubs, lichens and mosses that can grow in permafrost. These areas are inhabited by large land mammals, such as the musk ox, the caribou or the polar bear, the great swimmer and hunter of the ocean. Arctic waters are inhabited by various species of seals and large numbers of birds that in summer nest on the ground, but feed in coastal waters. In Antarctica, there is no vegetation apart from a few species of lichen, moss and algae. Local fauna, however, is quite diverse. The largest group of animals are birds inhabiting the coastal areas, such as penguins (over a dozen species), skuas, petrels and cormorants. Coastal waters of Antarctica are home to many species of animals that feed on plankton, mainly krill. These are the great marine mammals: whales (also found in Arctic waters), four species of Antarctic seals, sea lions, elephant seals and fur seals. Seals are semiaquatic animals perfectly adapted to the conditions of their natural environment.

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Lesson plan (English)

Topic: Arctic and Antarctic – the natural environment of polar regions Target group

Elementary school students VIII Core curriculum

XVIII. Geography of polar regions: natural environment; research; Polish researchers.

Students:

1) characterizes the location and natural environment of Antarctica and explains the need to preserve its status as defined by the Antarctic Treaty;

2) presents the objectives of research currently conducted in the Arctic and Antarctic and presents the achievements of Polish polar‑polar area researchers;

3) describes the living conditions at the polar research station.

General aim of education

The student will learn the natural environment of the Arctic and Antarctic.

Key competences

communication in foreign languages;

digital competence;

learning to learn.

Criteria for success The student will learn:

determine the geographical location and boundaries of the Arctic and Antarctic;

indicate the relationship between the geographical location of the circumpolar areas and the features of the geographical environment;

distinguish between organisms living in the Arctic and Antarctic;

examples of changes occurring in the natural environment of the circumpolar areas;

indicate the need to protect the natural environment of the Arctic and Antarctic.

Methods/techniques expository

talk.

activating

discussion.

exposing

exposition.

programmed

with computer;

with e‑textbook.

practical

exercices concerned.

Forms of work

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individual activity;

activity in pairs;

activity in groups;

collective activity.

Teaching aids e‑textbook;

interactive whiteboard, tablets/computers;

Physical map of the Arctic and Antarctic;

geographical atlases;

projector.

Lesson plan overview Before classes

Students get acquainted with the content of the abstract. They prepare to work on the lesson in such a way to be able to summarize the material read in their own words and solve the tasks themselves.

Introduction

The teacher starts classes from starting the Puzzle exercises on the interactive whiteboard. After arranging them, the students learn what the topic will be about the lesson.

The teacher gives the goals of the lesson.

The teacher runs the Google Earth program, asks the student for satellite images of Antarctica and the Arctic. Students indicate noticeable differences.

Realization

Students search in the atlases of the Arctic and Antarctic, they indicate geographic objects that belong to them. They determine the geographical position.

The teacher uses the online resources to read the daily Scott and Amundsen's first conquerors of the South Pole to illustrate the students' struggles and struggles in extreme conditions. Indicates photos from these trips.

It divides students into four groups. It assigns two thematic areas, i.e. two groups will work on the same topic. Each group develops information using Poster. Students use Internet resources, an e‑textbook and a geographical atlas for their work. Group A and B - Arctic: climate, plant and animal world, legal situation, mineral resources, their exploitation and protection. Group C and D-

Antarctica climate, plant and animal world, legal situation, mineral resources, their exploitation and protection. Each group discusses the information developed on the forum, uses the Internet to visualize the content.

Students fill the interactive whiteboard with a crossword from the e‑textbook - Arctic Regions.

Using the metaplan drawn on the board, the students consider the problem: Why are there changes in the natural environment of the circumpolar areas? According to this method, students answer the questions: How is it? How it should be? Why is not it like it should be? Conclusions. Discussion.

Summary

To summarize the lesson, students perform interactive blackboard exercises in relation to the topic of the lesson.

The teacher assesses the students' work, taking into account the contribution and their possibilities.

The following terms and recordings will be used during this lesson

Terms

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ice shelf

Nagranie dostępne na portalu epodreczniki.pl Nagranie dźwiękowe słówka

lodowiec szelfowy - stosunkowo cienka pokrywa lodowa na wodach szelfu antarktycznego, od której odłamują się góry lodowe

dri ice

Nagranie dostępne na portalu epodreczniki.pl Nagranie dźwiękowe słówka

lód dryfujący - stała pokrywa lodowa na wodach morskich w strefach podbiegunowych; na Oceanie Arktycznym występuje tzw. wielki pak polarny mający grubość ok. 6 m zimą i 3,5 m latem

nunatak

Nagranie dostępne na portalu epodreczniki.pl Nagranie dźwiękowe słówka

nunatak - skalisty szczyt wznoszący się powyżej powierzchni lądolodu

Texts and recordings

Nagranie dostępne na portalu epodreczniki.pl Nagranie dźwiękowe abstraktu

Arctic and Antarctic – the natural environment of polar regions

The Arctic and the Antarctic are the coldest places on Earth. The warmest month in the Arctic is July, when the average temperature in coastal areas is slightly above 0°C. In the interior of Greenland, however, it is always below 0°C and even in July temperature can drop to –20°C. In January, during the polar night, temperature in coastal areas drops to –30°C and in the central part of the Greenlandic ice sheet it can even reach –50°C.

The Antarctic is an even colder region. In January, which is the warmest month here, average air temperature in Antarctica does not get higher than 0°C. The coldest month is July, the middle of the polar night, when average monthly temperature drops to –40°C, –50°C. The lowest air temperature, not only in Antarctica, but on the planet in general, was recorded at Vostok Station (78°28’S, 106°48’E) on 21 July 1983: –89,2°C. Vostok Station is considered the Earth’s Pole of Cold.

What makes Antarctica different from other continents is the fact that its surface is covered by the largest continental ice sheet in the world, with average thickness of 2300 m and maximum thickness of up to 4776 m. Only 4% of the surface of Antarctica is free of ice. The Antarctic ice sheet is moving from the middle of the ice cap towards the coast at an average speed of 200 metres per year. Coastal waters are where ice shelves are formed. Ice shelves are fringed with ice barriers. Wave movement causes large parts of the shelves to break off and form enormous icebergs that can be up to several dozen kilometres wide. Only some parts of the coastline and mountain peaks are rocky and free of ice.

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Natural conditions influence the flora and fauna of the polar regions. The few areas in the Arctic which are not covered by ice are covered by tundra. The most common plants found there include grasses, sedges, prostrate shrubs, lichens and mosses that can grow in permafrost. These areas are inhabited by large land mammals, such as the musk ox, the caribou or the polar bear, the great swimmer and hunter of the ocean. Arctic waters are inhabited by various species of seals and large numbers of birds that in summer nest on the ground, but feed in coastal waters. In Antarctica, there is no vegetation apart from a few species of lichen, moss and algae. Local fauna, however, is quite diverse. The largest group of animals are birds inhabiting the coastal areas, such as penguins (over a dozen species), skuas, petrels and cormorants. Coastal waters of Antarctica are home to many species of animals that feed on plankton, mainly krill. These are the great marine mammals: whales (also found in Arctic waters), four species of Antarctic seals, sea lions, elephant seals and fur seals. Seals are semiaquatic animals perfectly adapted to the conditions of their natural environment.

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